TY - CONF A1 - Braymer, Joseph J. T1 - Cytosolic Fe/S Protein Biogenesis -a focus on [2Fe-2S] proteins- N2 - Iron-Sulfur (Fe/S) protein biogenesis in the cytosol is an essential process for the proper maturation of many proteins and enzymes required for cellular function. Between the two types of Fe/S cofactors, recent work has been uncovering the dependencies of [2Fe-2S] cluster on the known Fe/S protein biogenesis machineries and how they may be trafficked in the cytosol. New insights will here be discussed in addition to the discovery of a newly identified cytosolic [2Fe-2S] binding protein. T2 - DFG SPP1927 Final Meeting CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 29.09.2024 KW - Metalloproteins KW - Iron-sulfur clusters KW - Spectroscopy KW - Yeast PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61516 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Proll, Günther A1 - Seidel, Michael A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Moderne bioanalytische Methoden für die schnelle Quantifizierung von Mikroschadstoffen und Pathogenen in Wasser N2 - Analytische Methoden für die Quantifizierung von Mikroschadstoffen (Synonym für Spurenstoffe) und Pathogenen im Wasser sind eine Grundvoraussetzung für die Umsetzung des Ziels Nr. 6 für Nachhaltige Entwicklung der UN, weltweit sauberes Wasser zur Verfügung zu stellen. Dafür sind schnelle, einfach zu bedienende und kostengünstige Überwachungssysteme notwendig. Antikörperbasierte Biosensoren haben das Potential, z.B. die Eliminationsleistung bezüglich kleiner organischer Moleküle durch die vierte Reinigungsstufe von Kläranlagen vor Ort zu überwachen. Darüber hinaus kommt modernen bioanalytischen Verfahren bei der Quantifizierung von Pathogenen eine immer wichtigere Rolle zu. Neben einer Bestandsaufnahme zu diesen Themen ist es das Ziel dieses Beitrags, die Anwendungsbarrieren von Biosensoren für die Wasseranalytik von Mikroschadstoffen abbauen zu helfen und die Vorzüge moderner bioanalytischer Methoden für die Quantifizierung von Pathogenen aufzuzeigen. KW - Biosensoren KW - Antikörper KW - Abwasser PY - 2024 SN - 1618-3258 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 66 EP - 70 PB - GDCh CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-60233 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Structural Investigations of Transformation Products of the Anticoagulant Drug and Rodenticide Warfarin N2 - Warfarin (Coumadin) is one of the most popular anticoagulant drugs used as a therapeutic in humans to prevent thrombosis, atrial fibrosis, and fibrillation since the 1950s. Because of its ability to hinder blood coagulation by blocking vitamin K-depending carboxylation of blood clotting precursors, it is also used as a rodenticide worldwide. Until today it has been partially substituted by far more potent anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), so-called superwarfarins. Numerous studies are confirming secondary and tertiary poisoning with ARs in non-target-animals and wildlife. Up to now, relatively little is known about persistence and toxicity of ARs and naturally, nor technically formed transformation products (TPs) in the environment, food chain, and transformations occurring during wastewater treatment. Herein, we present liquid and gas chromatographic methods coupled to (high-resolution) mass spectrometry for the analysis of warfarin’s transformation products. Methodologies such as UV-irradiation, ozonation, and chlorination were utilised to simulate technical water treatment. Resulting compounds were elucidated and examined by numerous analytical methods. Moreover, the oxidative phase I metabolism was mimicked by an electrochemical flow cell to synthesise and confirm major metabolites. The further aim is the toxicological assessment of all substances formed, as well as, the quantification of warfarin and its TPs under environmentally relevant conditions employing the introduced methods. T2 - SETAC 2024 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 05.06.2024 KW - Warfarin PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Mass spectrometric elucidation of electron ionization induced fragmentation pathways of methylated warfarin and selected hydroxylated species N2 - Warfarin (Coumadin) is one of the most popular anticoagulant drugs used as a therapeutic in humans to prevent thrombosis, atrial fibrosis, and fibrillation since the 1950s. Because of its ability to hinder blood coagulation by blocking vitamin K-depending carboxylation of blood clotting precursors, it is also used as a rodenticide worldwide. Until today it has been partially substituted by far more potent anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), so-called superwarfarins. Numerous studies are confirming secondary and tertiary poisoning with ARs in non-target-animals and wildlife. Up to now, relatively little is known about persistence and toxicity of ARs and naturally, nor technically formed transformation products (TPs) in the environment, food chain, and transformations occurring during wastewater treatment. Herein, we present liquid and gas chromatographic methods coupled to (high-resolution) mass spectrometry for the analysis of warfarin’s transformation products. Methodologies such as UV-irradiation, ozonation, and chlorination were utilised to simulate technical water treatment. Resulting compounds were elucidated and examined by numerous analytical methods. Moreover, the oxidative phase I metabolism was mimicked by an electrochemical flow cell to synthesise and confirm major metabolites. The further aim is the toxicological assessment of all substances formed, as well as, the quantification of warfarin and its TPs under environmentally relevant conditions employing the introduced methods. T2 - SETAC 2024 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 05.06.2024 KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Warfarin PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61902 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braymer, Joseph T1 - Cytosolic Fe/S Protein Biogenesis -a new [2Fe-2S] protein- N2 - Iron-Sulfur (Fe/S) protein biogenesis in the cytosol is an essential process for the proper maturation of many proteins and enzymes required for cellular function. Between the two types of Fe/S cofactors, recent work has been uncovering the dependencies of [2Fe-2S] cluster on the known Fe/S protein biogenesis machineries and how they may be trafficked in the cytosol. New insights will here be discussed in addition to the discovery of a newly identified cytosolic [2Fe-2S] binding protein. T2 - Invited talk at University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 29.11.2024 KW - Metalloproteins KW - Iron-sulfur clusters PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - INPR A1 - Braymer, Joseph J. A1 - Knauer, L. A1 - Crack, J. C. A1 - Oltmanns, J. A1 - Heghmanns, M. A1 - Soares, J. C. A1 - Le Brun, N. E. A1 - Schünemann, V. A1 - Kasanmascheff, M. T1 - Yeast [FeFe]-hydrogenase-like protein Nar1 can bind not only two [4Fe-4S] clusters but also a [2Fe-2S] cluster N2 - Nar1 is an essential eukaryotic protein proposed to function as an iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster trafficking factor in the cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly (CIA) machinery. However, such a role has remained unclear due to difficulties in purifying adequate amounts of cofactor-bound protein. The [FeFe]-hydrogenase-like protein has two conserved binding sites for [4Fe-4S] clusters, one of which is predicted to be a labile site for cluster transfer to downstream targets. Here, we report a new preparation procedure for Nar1 that facilitated studies by UV-Vis, EPR, and Mössbauer spectroscopies, along with native mass spectrometry. Nar1 recombinantly produced in E. coli contained a [4Fe-4S] cluster, bound presumably at site 1, along with an unexpected [2Fe-2S] cluster bound at an unknown site. Fe/S reconstitution reactions installed a second [4Fe-4S] cluster at site 2, leading to protein with three Fe/S cofactors. Strikingly, one [4Fe-4S] cluster was rapidly destroyed by molecular oxygen, potentially linking Nar1 oxygen sensitivity to phenotypes observed previously in vivo. These advances now allow for the pursuit of in vitro Fe/S cluster transfer assays, which will shed light on Fe/S trafficking by CIA components and how they may facilitate the insertion of [4Fe-4S] and potentially [2Fe-2S] clusters into target proteins in the cytosol. KW - Iron sulfur cluster KW - Hydrogenase-like proteins KW - Metalloprotein PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-628217 DO - https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.25.644927 SP - 1 EP - 14 AN - OPUS4-62821 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ecke, Alexander T1 - An Immunosensor for Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Water Supply N2 - Contamination of drinking water with pharmaceuticals is an emerging problem and a potential health threat. Immunochemical methods based on the binding of the analyte to specific antibodies enable fast & cost-effective on-site analyses. Magnetic bead-based immunoassays (MBBAs) allow for implementation into an immunosensor for online testing. Particles are prepared by either coupling the analyte molecule (diclofenac) or the respective antibody (amoxicillin) to the surface. For miniaturization, detection is performed electrochemically (chronoamperometry) on a microfluidic chip. The developed immunosensor will enable detection of pharmaceuticals directly in water supply pipes. T2 - Analytica Conference CY - München, Germany DA - 21.06.2022 KW - Immunosensor KW - Magnetic Particles KW - Microfluidics KW - Amperometry KW - Diclofenac KW - Amoxicillin PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55381 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Konthur, Zoltán T1 - Tracking Human-Derived Contaminants in Wastewater: ELISA-Based Detection of Anthropogenic Markers in Samples from German Treatment Plants N2 - Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) plays a key role in pandemic management as an early warning system and a tool for guiding interventions. In Germany, combined sewer systems are prevalent, leading to fluctuations in wastewater volume and composition due to rainwater inflow, especially through street drains. This variability complicates the quantitative measurement of pathogens and pollutants in wastewater. While human excretion provides constant inputs, these parameters are often non-specific, lost, or degraded during transport. In contrast, pharmaceuticals excreted by humans, such as carbamazepine and diclofenac, as well as consumed caffeine, are fairly stable and serve as "anthropogenic markers." The simultaneous detection of these markers aids in normalizing WBE studies. Antibody-based methods, particularly Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), offer a cost-effective alternative to complex chromatographic techniques for monitoring anthropogenic markers. They demonstrate superior normalization quality compared to the frequently used quantitative PCR-based marker Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). T2 - ANAKON 2025 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 10.03.2025 KW - Immunoassay KW - Spurenstoffe KW - Carbamazepin KW - anthropogener Marker KW - Koffein PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63494 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Konthur, Zoltán T1 - Bestimmung von anthropogenen Markerkonzentrationen im Abwasser mittels eines antikörperbasierten Verfahrens (ELISA) N2 - Im Rahmen des AMELAG Projektes wurden im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes (VH1804) unterschiedliche anthropogene Marker in Abwasserproben aus Brandenburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern gemessen. In dieser Präsentation wurden einige Ergebnisse vorgestellt. T2 - AMELAG Abschlussveranstaltung am Robort-Koch-Institut CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.12.2024 KW - Östron KW - Koffein KW - Carbamazepin KW - Clarithromycin PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62194 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Konthur, Zoltán T1 - Bundesweite Bestimmung anthropogener Marker im Rohabwasser mittels Immunoassays N2 - Die von der Europäischen Kommission im Jahr 2021 empfohlene, systematische Abwasserüberwachung mittels PCR-Techniken wird als ein wirksames Frühwarnsystem für künftige Pandemien durch Viren und andere Krankheitserreger betrachtet. Ein generelles Problem bei jeder quantitativen Messung von Parametern im Abwasser ist die starke Schwankung des Abwasservolumens und seiner Zusammensetzung im Tages- und Jahreszeitenverlauf. Um die Konzentrationsbestimmungen von Krankheitserregern im Abwasser in Korrelation mit menschlichen Einträgen setzen zu können, könnten sog. "anthropogene Marker" eine herausragende Rolle spielen, deren Eintrag ins Abwasser menschlichen Ursprungs sind. Im Projekt werden mittels ELISA die Konzentrationen ausgewählter anthropogener Marker in deutschlandweit gesammelten Abwasserproben erhoben und analysiert. Die Messergebnisse zeigen eindeutige Standortunterschiede auch in Abhängigkeit der Kläranlagengröße und vorhandener Indirekteinleiter. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass nicht alle anthropogene Marker an allen Standorten für eine Normalisierung von PCR-Daten für epidemiologische Untersuchungen verwendbar sind. T2 - Wasser 2024 (Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft der GDCh) CY - Limburg an der Lahn, Germany DA - 06.05.2024 KW - Diclofenac KW - Koffein KW - Carbamazepin KW - Isolithocholsäure KW - Immunoassay PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60991 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Exner, T. T1 - Evaluation anthropogener Marker als Normalisierungsfaktoren für die SARS-CoV-2 Abwassersurveillance zur epidemiologischen Lagebewertung N2 - Im Rahmen der weltweiten Corona-Pandemie fordert die EU-Kommission seit März 2021 die systematische Erfassung und Überwachung von SARS-CoV-2 über das Abwasser, welche der Entscheidungsfindung bezüglich bevölkerungsbezogener Maßnahmen dienen soll. Hierbei können Trendanalysen für die epidemiologische Lagebewertung abgeleitet werden, sofern ein großer Anteil des kommunalen Abwassers der Bevölkerung durch das Monitoring abdeckt wird. Die Datenerhebung erfolgt somit unabhängig vom individuellen Test- und Meldeverhalten der Bevölkerung. Eine bedeutende Herausforderung bei der Bestimmung der Gensequenzen mittels polymerase chain reaction (PCR) stellen standortabhängige Faktoren des Einzugsgebietes sowie Schwankungen der Durchflussrate und der Abwasserzusammensetzung dar. Zu den möglichen Ursachen zählen Verdünnungseffekte durch Regen- und Schmelzwasser, Größenunterschiede des kommunalen Entwässerungssystems, Veränderungen der Demografie und Zuflüsse von Indirekteinleitern. Um eine verbesserte Korrelation quantitativ ermittelter Genkopien des SARS-CoV-2 aus der jeweiligen Abwasserprobe mit dem Anteil der infizierten Bevölkerung zu erzeugen, ist eine Normalisierung der PCR Daten vorzunehmen. Neben relativ einfach zu ermittelnden physikalischen Größen, wie der mittleren Durchflussrate oder der Leitfähigkeit, die Aufschlüsse über den Anteil von Fremd- und Regenwasser ermöglichen, können auch anthropogene Marker, wie Spurenstoffe und Surrogatviren im Abwasser, als direkte Indikatoren für menschliche Fäkalien aus dem häuslichen Abwasser dienen. Im Folgenden soll eine vergleichende Untersuchung von vier Spurenstoffen ‒ Koffein (CAF), Carbamazepin (CBZ), Diclofenac (DCF), Isolithocholsäure (ILA) ‒ sowie einem Surrogatvirus (SV) (Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) oder CrAssphage), die Eignung der jeweiligen Paramater als Normalisierungsfaktoren analysieren. Die Untersuchung fand an 19 Standorten über drei Monate im Rahmen einer Studie aus dem Projekt ESI-CorA statt. T2 - Wasser 2024 (Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft der GDCh) CY - Limburg an der Lahn, Germany DA - 06.05.2024 KW - ELISA KW - Immunoassay PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60992 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Spurenstoffe im Rohabwasser: Möglichkeiten und Perspektiven für den One-Health-Ansatz N2 - Der One-Health-Ansatz hat die Gesundheit von Mensch, Tier und Umwelt im Fokus. Dazu ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Akteuren aus Human- und Veterinärmedizin sowie den Umweltwissenschaften notwendig. Ein Ineinandergreifen von methodischen Ansätzen und der Analytik wird angestrebt. Im Zuge der anstehenden Novellierung (2924) der EU-Kommunalabwasserrichtlinie (91/271/EWG) wird die Umsetzung eines One-Health-Ansatzes bereits adressiert. Dazu gehört zum einen der Ausbau und die Prozessüberwachung einer vierten Reinigungsstufe in Klärwerken. Zum anderen ist europaweit die Infrastruktur einer Abwassersurveillance zur Überwachung von Krankheitserregern zu gewährleisten. Dies wird aktuell in Deutschland mit dem Projekt AMELAG ("Abwassermonitoring zur epidemiologischen Lagebewertung") mit zwei Probennahmen pro Woche auf ca. 170 Kläranlagen umgesetzt. T2 - 6. Mülheimer Wasseranalytisches Seminar (MWAS 2024) CY - Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany DA - 10.09.2024 KW - ELISA KW - Spurenstoffe KW - Koffein KW - Carbamazepin KW - Diclofenac KW - Immunoassay PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60993 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ecke, Alexander A1 - Bell, Jérémy A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - From Laboratory Immunoassays to Immunosensors with an Integrated Microfluidic Flow System N2 - This research summary describe efforts to the development of a three-dimensional microfluidic flow cell for improved electrochemical substrate detection in HRP/TMB-based immunoassays. This work provides a valuable advancement in the sensitivity and integration of immunoassay technologies, aiding in the refinement of diagnostic tools. KW - Antikörper KW - Immunoassay KW - Microfluidics KW - Electrochemical detection KW - Biosensor PY - 2025 UR - https://www.elveflow.com/microfluidics-research-summaries/from-laboratory-immunoassays-to-immunosensors-with-an-integrated-microfluidic-flow-system/ SP - 1 EP - 4 CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-62674 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Monitoring trace substances in wastewater and surface water by immunoanalytical assays and sensors N2 - Monitoring the elimination of trace substances in wastewater treatment plants, as required in the recast of the EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive and the new Kommunalabwasserrichtlinie (KARL), creates a need for on-site analyses in wastewater treatment plants. Immunoanalytical methods can be carried out on site, e.g. in the form of rapid tests, but continuously operating (immuno-bio)sensors would be ideal. And antibody-based methods have the inherent disadvantage that one antibody must be used per analyte and therefore only a small number of substances can be analysed. A set of indicators has been integrated in the directives in accordance with the list of the Kompetenzzentrum Spurenstoffe BW (KomS) and offer points of reference here. Yet, in order to be able to use immunoanalytical methods for their monitoring, (DIN/ISO) standards are required that define the necessary quality requirements and quality management measures for the sensors. In addition, for the larger part of the indicators, the required antibodies have yet to be developed and made commercially available in the long term. The talk will highlight our previous work on high-throughput methods, such as ELISA, regarding the presence of anthropogenic markers and some indicators as well as research approaches for sensor technology that could be used on-site, and will provide an overview of deficits and future efforts. T2 - Kolloquium der Abteilung Technische Umweltchemie und Sensortechnik CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 21.05.2025 KW - Antibodies KW - Immunoassay KW - Microfluidics KW - Biosensor KW - Trace substances PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63501 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Wasserdiagnose durch die Verwendung von Markern N2 - Die Überwachung des gesamten Wasserkreislaufs auf Mikroverunreinigungen ist aus gesundheitlicher und ökologischer Hinsicht wünschenswert und gewinnt durch den Klimawandel und das zunehmende Erfordernis der Wiederverwendung des Brauchwassers weiter an Bedeutung. Die schnellen und kostengünstigen antikörperbasierten Methoden („Immunoassays“) können helfen, Informationslücken zu schließen und kürzere Reaktionszeiten zu ermöglichen. Von Labormethoden über tragbare Analysengeräte bis hin zu Online-Sensoren sind viele Formate möglich (u. a. ELISA, Abb. 1). Es muss zudem die Bereitstellung der notwendigen, hochqualitativen Antikörper gewährleistet werden. Da aber gilt „1 Analyt – 1 Antikörper“, ist die Herstellung eines Konsenses bezüglich der vordringlich zu bestimmenden Indikatoren/Marker notwendig. Auch die Normung der Verfahren ist parallel in Angriff zu nehmen. KW - Antikörper KW - Immunoassay KW - Abwasser KW - ELISA PY - 2025 UR - https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/content/article-do/wasserdiagnose-durch-die-verwendung-von-markern VL - 2025 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - WILEY CY - Hoboken, NJ, USA AN - OPUS4-63508 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Russo, Francesco Friedrich T1 - Low energy-electron ionisation mass spectrometry in non-targeted analysis N2 - The high throughput and sensitivity of mass spectrometry has resulted in a broad application in non-targeted screenings (NTS). Gas chromatography electron ionisation mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) methods show high reproducibility of fragmentation patterns, good separation, and vast spectral libraries. A significant disadvantage of standard 70 eV EI is the high degree of fragmentation with a possible loss of the molecular ion signal. The loss of molecular ion signal results in an increased difficulty in identifying compounds absent from spectral libraries as it precludes a straightforward molecular formula assignment. The high degree of fragmentation, and the resulting depletion of high m/z signals, also results in a reduced discriminatory power. The disadvantages of EI-MS are approached by soft ionisation techniques and, more recently, low energy (LE) EI-MS. LE-EI is a softer version of EI, which keeps high similarity with the standard 70 eV EI spectra and the good chromatographic properties of GC, while reducing the depletion of higher m/z ion signals. LE-EI-MS has been applied doping analytics[1], metabolomics[2], and fingerprinting of foods[3]. Our objective is the comparison of LE-EI-MS to alternative soft ionisation methods, e.g. APCI-MS, and the development of a NTS workflow for LE-EI-MS, including a highly automated data processing and annotation pipeline. In a first phase 13 compound libraries (705 compounds) will be measured at 14, 18, and 70 eV. Molecular ion abundance and similarity to standard 70 eV spectra are going to be evaluated. Furthermore, common neutral losses and fragments will be identified and included into an annotation tool. If the tool shows satisfying performance, it will be published (either as a standalone package or as an expansion to the InterpretMSSpectrum[4, 5] R package). T2 - ANAKON 2025 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 10.03.2025 KW - Mass Spectrometry (MS) KW - Low Energy Electron Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (LE-EI-MS) KW - Non-tagreted analysis PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62781 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Development, Validation and Application of an Accelerated Weathering Protocol for Assessing Bisphenol A Release from Polycarbonate Materials into the environment N2 - Bisphenol A (BPA) is under continuous regulatory scrutiny and listed as substance of very high concern (SVHC). Particular concern is related to its frequent detection in surface waters, despite being readily biodegradable. Several studies have been conducted to investigate sources and pathways of BPA in the environment, concluding that its main use as monomer in polycarbonate (PC) contributes only marginally to environmental BPA releases over its life cycle. To better understand the actual releases of BPA from PC under environmental conditions, a newly developed methodology (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, BAM) was applied, which comprises a novel accelerated weathering protocol for polycarbonate (PC) materials, combined with an advanced analytical setup allowing for improved detection of BPA at trace level concentrations. The weathering protocol achieves a 13.6-fold acceleration compared to Central European outdoor conditions and simulates environmental stressors (global radiation, rain, temperature variations) in a laboratory weathering chamber, with simultaneous BPA release measurements using an organic isotope dilution calibration LC-MS/MS approach. Validation was performed in parallel outdoor exposure tests, by using haze and yellowness index measurements as reference parameters. PC sample types representative of major polycarbonate applications were examined: Samples with different levels of UV-protection as used in transparent sheets used outdoor in construction or housings in Electro- and Electronic applications as well as samples with a protective coating as used in automotive applications (headlamps, glazing and construction). Results demonstrated consistently low total BPA releases of around 0.3 mg m⁻² for samples with exposed PC surfaces, while releases from coated samples were significantly reduced by around two orders of magnitude. In all cases examined, the BPA release ceased to zero after a period of four to six weeks, equivalent to approximately 1 to 1.5 years of outdoor exposure. This suggests that potential BPA releases diminish to virtually zero after that timespan. While the newly developed test method is not suitable for routine laboratory implementation, it provides crucial quantitative data on BPA release from PC materials during accelerated environmental weathering. T2 - Umwelt 2025 CY - Dessau, Germany DA - 22.09.2025 KW - Bisphenol A KW - Polycarbonate KW - Weathering PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64664 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - The European Metrology Network for Pollution Monitoring – EMN POLMO N2 - The EU’s Green Deal acknowledges that « the EU needs to better monitoring, report, prevent and remedy pollution from air, water, soil and consumer products and to look more systematically at all policies and regulations ». In order to address these challenges, the Commission launched a new Strategy for Sustainability in October 2020, and adopted a Zero-pollution Action Plan for air, water and soil, in 2021. The comparability and trueness of measurements are often compromised by the lack of intact traceability chains and appropriate quality controls, for example attained by the use of matrix-matched certified reference materials, participation in interlaboratory comparisons and other validation schemes . Noticeable improvements are apprehended after practical demonstrations and scientific discussions on the importance of traceability to the SI with stakeholders and end-users . The European Metrology Network for Pollution Monitoring (EMN POLMO) was created in 2022 to provide metrology support to the environmental community and industry involved in the monitoring of variety of pollutants, including chemical pollutants, radionuclides, biological & microbiological, and nano and micro particles, in the three environmental compartments (air, water and soil). Recently, light pollution and noise pollution have been included in the scope of the network. One of the main goals of POLMO is to bridge the interests of the different stakeholder and end-user, and to contribute to environmental sustainability through the provision of tools and resources, required to perform accurate, comparable measurements. The POLMO Strategic Research Agenda identifies the key measurement challenges and opportunities in pollution monitoring and sets out a roadmap for future research and development. T2 - BIPM - 150 years of meter convention CY - Versailles, France DA - 20.05.2025 KW - POLMO KW - EMN PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64662 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Development, Validation and Application of an Accelerated Weathering Protocol for Assessing Bisphenol A Release from Polycarbonate Materials into the environment N2 - Bisphenol A (BPA) is under continuous regulatory scrutiny and listed as substance of very high concern (SVHC). Particular concern is related to its frequent detection in surface waters, despite being readily biodegradable. Several studies have been conducted to investigate sources and pathways of BPA in the environment, concluding that its main use as monomer in polycarbonate (PC) contributes only marginally to environmental BPA releases over its life cycle. To better understand the actual releases of BPA from PC under environmental conditions, a newly developed methodology (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, BAM) was applied, which comprises a novel accelerated weathering protocol for polycarbonate (PC) materials, combined with an advanced analytical setup allowing for improved detection of BPA at trace level concentrations. The weathering protocol achieves a 13.6-fold acceleration compared to Central European outdoor conditions and simulates environmental stressors (global radiation, rain, temperature variations) in a laboratory weathering chamber, with simultaneous BPA release measurements using an organic isotope dilution calibration LC-MS/MS approach. Validation was performed in parallel outdoor exposure tests, by using haze and yellowness index measurements as reference parameters. PC sample types representative of major polycarbonate applications were examined: Samples with different levels of UV-protection as used in transparent sheets used outdoor in construction or housings in Electro- and Electronic applications as well as samples with a protective coating as used in automotive applications (headlamps, glazing and construction). Results demonstrated consistently low total BPA releases of around 0.3 mg m⁻² for samples with exposed PC surfaces, while releases from coated samples were significantly reduced by around two orders of magnitude. In all cases examined, the BPA release ceased to zero after a period of four to six weeks, equivalent to approximately 1 to 1.5 years of outdoor exposure. This suggests that potential BPA releases diminish to virtually zero after that timespan. While the newly developed test method is not suitable for routine laboratory implementation, it provides crucial quantitative data on BPA release from PC materials during accelerated environmental weathering. T2 - Umwelt 2025 CY - Dessau, Germany DA - 22.09.2025 KW - Bisphenol A KW - Polycarbonate KW - Weathering PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64665 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Sewage Sludge and Wastewater-based Fertilizers N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals which were developed to improve humanity’s quality of life. Due to their high chemical stability and resistance to degradation by heat or acids, PFAS were used in a variety of consumer products. The continuous use of PFAS in household products and the discharge of PFAS from industrial plants into the sewer system resulted in the contamination of effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (Roesch et al. 2022). Since sewage sludge is often used as fertilizer, its application on agricultural soils has been observed as a significant entry path for PFAS into the environment, specifically in our food chain. In Germany the sewage sludge/biosolid application on agricultural land was banned with the amendment of the German Sewage Sludge Ordinance and by 2029 sewage sludge application will be totally prohibited. However, phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge should still be recycled in WWTPs of cities with a population larger than 50,000 residents. To produce high-quality P-fertilizers for a circular economy, PFAS and other pollutants (e.g. pesticides and pharmaceuticals) must be separated from sewage sludge. Due to the strong diversity of industrial PFAS usage it is not clear if a safe application of novel recycled P-fertilizers from WWTPs can be guaranteed. Therefore, we analyzed various sewage sludges and wastewater-based fertilizers. Sewage sludge (SL) samples from various WWTPs in Germany and Switzerland, six sewage sludge ashes (SSA) from Germany, six thermally treated SL and SSA samples with different additives (temperatures: 700-1050 °C), two pyrolyzed SL samples (temperature: 400 °C) and two struvite samples from Germany and Canada were analyzed. The goal was to quantify PFAS in sewage sludges and wastewater-based P-fertilizers with the sum parameter extractable organic fluorine (EOF) by combustion ion chromatography (CIC). The results were compared with data from classical LC-MS/MS target analysis as well as selected samples by HR-MS suspect screening. The EOF values of the SLs mainly range between 154 and 538 µg/kg except for one SL which showed an elevated EOF value of 7209 µg/kg due to high organofluorine contamination. For the SSA samples the EOF values were lower and values between LOQ (approx. 60 µg/kg) and 121 µg/kg could be detected. For the pyrolyzed SLs no EOF values above the LOQ were detected. Moreover, the two wastewater-based struvite fertilizers contain 96 and 112 µg/kg EOF, respectively. In contrast to the EOF values, the sum of PFAS target values were relatively low for all SLs. Additional applied PFAS HR-MS suspect screening aimed to tentatively identify PFAS that could contribute to the hitherto unknown part of the EOF value. The majority of the detected fluorinated compounds are legacy PFAS such as short- and long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA), perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSA), polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) and perfluorophosphonic acids (PFPA). Moreover, fluorinated pesticides, pharmaceutical as well as aromatic compounds were also identified, which are all included in the EOF parameter. Our research revealed that the current PFAS limit of 100 µg/kg for the sum of PFOS + PFOA in the German Fertilizer Ordinance is no longer up to date. Since the number of known PFAS already exceeds 10,000, the ordinance limit should be updated accordingly. Recent regulations and restrictions on using long-chain PFAS (≥C8) have resulted in a significant shift in the industry towards (ultra-)short-chain alternatives, and other, partly unknown, emerging PFAS. Ultimately, also fluorinated pesticides and pharmaceuticals, which end up as ultrashort PFAS in the WWTPs, have to be considered as possible pollutants in fertilizers from wastewater, too. T2 - Dioxin Konferenz CY - Maastricht, Netherlands DA - 10.09.2023 KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Sewage sludge KW - Fertilizer PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58345 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -