TY - CONF A1 - Razkin Bartolomé, Malen T1 - Bacterial adhesion on fs-laser processed laser-induced periodic surface structures N2 - Bacteria are ubiquitous and colonize all types of surfaces, including those in close proximity to humans, such as skin, food, and everyday objects. This raises the question of whether their presence represents a problem to be mitigated or a potential source of benefit to be harnessed, thereby stimulating scientific inquiry into the role of surface-associated bacteria in diverse domains ranging fromhuman health to industrial biotechnology. Aim: The objective of this project is to explore the impact of modifying surface topography on bacterial adhesion behavior. By manipulating the physical characteristics of the substrate, the attachment and detachment dynamics of bacteria can potentially be modified, leading to novel strategies for controlling bacterial colonization in various applications, such as medical devices. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were tested on LIPSS-covered Fused Silica samples. T2 - 2023 Spring Meeting · , 2023 · Strasbourg CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 29.05.2023 KW - LIPSS KW - Biofilm KW - fs-laser processing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58456 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Impact of laser-induced periodic surface structures on the bactericidal properties of copper and brass N2 - Surfaces of metallic copper and copper alloys effectively inactivate microorganisms and viruses. However, the exact inactivation mode is still under debate. Main factors are assumed to include direct contact with the metallic surface, influx of Cu(I)/Cu(II) ions and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are frequently reported to act antibacterial, mainly by prevention of bacterial adhesion due to a limited number of possible adhesion points or by increasing the overall surface of intrinsically antibacterial materials. In time-kill experiments with E. coli and S. aureus we analyzed the impact of LIPSS on the toxicity of metallic copper and brass. We also conducted ROS accumulation assays and conclude that the application of LIPSS is not generally straight forward to obtain or improve antibacterial surfaces. Thus, the antibacterial effects of LIPPS. T2 - 2023 Spring Meeting CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 29.05.2023 KW - LIPSS KW - Antimicrobial KW - Reactive oxygen species PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58465 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Anja T1 - Laser-processing – a tool to direct biofilm formation N2 - Using nanofiber-like cell appendages, secreted proteins and sugars, bacteria can establish initial surface contact followed by irreversible adhesion and the formation of multicellular biofilms, often with enhanced resistance towards antimicrobial treatment and established cleaning procedures. On e.g. medical implants, in water supply networks or food-processing industry, biofilms can be a fertile source of bacterial pathogens and are repeatedly associated with persisting, nosocomial and foodborne infections. Nowadays, the emergence of resistances because of extensive usage of antibiotics and biocides in medicine, agriculture and private households have become one of the most important medical challenges with considerable economic consequences. In addition, aggravated biofilm eradication and prolonged cell-surface interaction can lead to increased biodeterioration and undesired modification of industrial and medical surface materials. Various strategies are currently developed, tested, and improved to realize anti-bacterial surface properties through surface functionalization steps avoiding antibiotics. In this study, contact-less and aseptic large-area short or ultrashort laser processing is employed to generate different surface structures in the nanometer- to micrometer-scale on technical materials such as titanium-alloy and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The laser processed surfaces were subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli test strains and analyzed with reflected-light and epi-fluorescence microscopy. Depending on the investigated surfaces, different bacterial adhesion patterns were found, ranging from bacterial-repellent to bacterial-attractant effects. The results suggest an influence of size, shape and cell appendages of the bacteria and – above all – the laser-processed nanostructure of the surface itself, emphasizing the potential of laser-processing as a versatile tool to control bacterial surface adhesion. T2 - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation Symposium 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 06.09.2021 KW - Bacterial adhesion KW - Biofilm formation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) KW - Laser processing PY - 2021 UR - https://www.ibbs18.org/programme AN - OPUS4-53223 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Haacke, Nasrin T1 - Design and construction of a rainfall simulator to test metal runoff at atmospheric conditions N2 - A rainfall simulator was presented as an environmental assessment tool to quantify wash-off concentrations from metallic materials. It is part of the RUNOFF-project, which studies and re-assesses the durability of roofing and facade materials under current atmospheric conditions in Germany. Studying building materials is important as they have a significant impact on achieving a variety of goals and targets within the sustainable developments goals (SDGs). The durability of materials is essential to reach sustainability. However, the durability of metallic materials is strongly depended on climate conditions, which have changed as a result of technical measures in industry, climate change and increasing urbanisation. In Germany at least, the data base is not up-to-date leading to prediction models regarding corrosion resistance and durability of metallic materials which can no longer be trusted and therefore need to be re-assessed and updated. Also, not only the demand for sustainable but also environmentally friendly building materials has increased dramatically. A number of construction materials produce chemical hazards, and therefore have negative impacts on water quality, soils health and ecosystems. To limit these impacts, environmental assessment methods and tools are needed to measure and quantify the inputs and outputs of building materials throughout their lifetime. T2 - EUROCORR 2023 CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 27.08.2023 KW - Rainfall simulator KW - Runoff KW - Atmospheric conditions KW - Laboratory experiments PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58152 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Alić Stolar, Jasna T1 - Harnessing mechanochemistry to combat PFAS contamination N2 - For over 70 years, the uncontrolled production, use, and disposal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have led to widespread global contamination, necessitating the rapid development of innovative and efficient remediation technologies. State-of-the-art strategies rely on energy-intensive incineration, which releases greenhouse gases and smaller, volatile PFAS derivatives. Here, we present a fast, simple, and sustainable method for the complete degradation of PFAS leveraging mechanochemistry to break down the persistent carbon-fluorine bonds. Our findings indicate that liquid-assisted grinding conditions accelerate the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid compared to neat grinding conditions, resulting in a significant reduction in energy consumption. Moreover, the fluoride released during the process binds to inorganic additives, allowing fluorine recovery as crystalline salts and preventing the formation of secondary toxic waste. The method has strong potential for scaling up and offers a green and viable solution for real-world application in PFAS decontamination. T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Chemistry for Net Zero (ICSC-NZ) CY - St. Andrews, Scotland DA - 10.06.2025 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - PFAS KW - Remediation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63970 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wagner, Jan T1 - This is the Way: An Evidence Based Route to Phytic-acid-based Flame Retardant Poly(lactide acid) N2 - Main message: This study provides an evidence-based route to flame retard poly (lactide acid) (PLA) with phytic acid (Phyt)-based flame retardants (FR). Phyt was prepared with lignin (Lig) and expandable graphite (EG). Three amine salts (arginine (Arg), piperazine (Pip), melamine (Mel)) were also synthesized with Phyt. Findings include UL 94 V0 classification, limited oxygen index (LOI) = 43.7 vol% and reduced total heat released (THR), while molecular weight (MW) was not affected. Combinations lead to the most effective FR. Introduction: As demand for biobased polymers increases, biobased FRs remain scarce in the market. With 28 wt.% P, Phyt is promising to be a biobased FR, but Phyt efficiency as a FR needs to be improved. [1] Furthermore, as a strong acid, it esterifies and hydrolysis PLAs backbone. With the combinations proposed in this study, processability and MW in PLA compounds were untouched, while FR performance of Phyt was enhanced. Experimental: Compounds analyzed in this study were: PLA, PLA Lig, PLA EG, PLA PhytLig, PLA PhytEG, PLA Mel, PLA PhytArg, PLA PhytPip, PLA PhytMel, PLA PhytMel Lig and PLA PhytMel EG. Addition of Phyt based FR was 16.7 wt.%, Lig and EG 10wt.%. Compounds were processed with twin screw extrusion, injection molding and hot press. Analysis was done with size exclusion tomography, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile strength, cone calorimeter, UL 94, LOI and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) combined with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Residues were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results and Discussion: To synthesize the FR, Lig and Phyt (solved in water) were mixed and dried. A solid material formed, which was grinded and then compounded with PLA. The same was done with EG. Phyt + Arg/Pip/Mel FR materials were each titrated to a pH of ~4.5, since this pH is known to be least harmful for the PLA backbone. For PhytMel a salt precipitated. PhytPip and PhytArg were dried and a resin-like structure was obtained, which was grinded to a powder. The molar mass distribution of PLA PhytArg (10,000 g/mol – 600,000 g/mol) is similar to PLAs ranging from 15,000 g/mol – 600,000 g/mol. MW distribution from highest to lowest was PLA > PLA PhytArg > PLA PhytMel > PLA PhytMel EG > PLA PhytMel Lig > PLA PhytEG > PLA PhytLig > PLA PhytPip. The reaction between Phyt and Arg/Mel prevents MW decomposition of PLA through a reaction of P acid and NH2 groups. Tensile strength declined to 35.9 MPA for PLA PhytMel and 32.1 MPA for PLA PhytArg, compared to 51.4 MPA for PLA. DSC analysis revealed TG was not affected for the FR compounds: Phyt Lig/EG/Arg/Mel, compared to PLA. PLA PhytMel crystallinity 𝐾∆𝐻𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 was 30%, PLA PhytArg crystallinity was 50%, compared to PLA 𝐾∆𝐻𝑐𝑐 was 46%. Melting peaks were not affected in PLA Phyt Arg/Mel. Flammability investigations lead to results of LOI 25.8 vol%/ UL 94 V2 classification in PLA, PLA PhytArg LOI 43.7 vol%/ UL 94 V2, due to strong dripping as a cooling mode of action. [2] PLA PhytMel burned with intumescent char and LOI 38.2 vol%/ UL 94 V2 was measured. Due to strong melt dripping, PLA PhytPip reached UL 94 V0. TGA revealed increased residue for all FR compounds. When materials were combined in PLA PhytMel EG residue was maximized to 19.9 wt.% (600°C, 𝑁𝑁2 atmosphere). FTIR analysis revealed PO and PH stretching vibrations, indicating radical scavenging. Cone calorimeter investigations of PLA, PLA PhytPip and PLA PhytArg lead to a steep incline in HRR to peak heat release rate (pHRR). Values are provided in Table 1. PLA PhytMel containing compounds exhibited prolonged burning and protective layer. PLA PhytLig, PLA PhytEG, PLA Mel (pHRR >1000) were investigated but proved inferior to PLA PhytMel, PLA PhytMel Lig and PLA PhytMel EG. THR was reduced in all Phyt compounds. Intumescence was observed in all compounds except for PLA Lig, PLA PhytLig and PLA PhytMel Lig. PLA PhytMel EG proved as the most effective compound in fire testing with a firm, coherent and intumescent char structure. This study provides an understanding of Phyt as a FR. It systematically improves Phyts effectiveness and processability in PLA. This evidence T2 - 20th European Meeting on Fire Retardant Polymeric Materials (FRPM2025) CY - Madrid, Spain DA - 03.06.2025 KW - Polylactide acid KW - Intumescence KW - Phosphorous flame retardant KW - Phytic acid PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63395 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kittner, Maria A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Freisetzung von Mikroplastik aus Sportböden N2 - Die Europäische Kommission hat 2023 ein Verbot zum bewussten Austrag von Mikroplastik (MP) in die Umwelt beschlossen, das auch für die Verwendung von synthetischen Gummi-Granulaten (v. a. EPDM) in Sportböden gilt. In Deutschland gibt es laut DFB ca. 5100 Kunstrasenplätze. In der EU beläuft sich die Anzahl laut ECHA auf 13,000 Kunstrasen- und 47,000 Bolzplätze, Tendenz steigend. Das Hauptziel des Projektes ist daher, eine Massenbilanz für die Freisetzung von MP zu erstellen, um so eine Schätzung des MP-Austrags pro Kunstrasenplatz und Jahr zu ermöglichen. Dafür werden die MP-Emissionen von drei Kunstrasenszenarien in verschiedenen Zuständen (ungealtert, künstlich gealtert und in Echtzeit gealtert) verglichen: die Vergangenheit (Kunstrasen: fossilbasiert, EPDM-Füllung), die Gegenwart (der in Europa am häufigsten installierte Rasen) und die Zukunft (Rasen mit recycelten Grasfasern, keine synthetische Füllung sondern z.B. Quarzsand oder Korkschrott). Dazu werden fabrikneue Kunststoffrasen und EPDM-Granulat unter Laborbedingungen beschleunigt gealtert, um die Freiland-Beanspruchung eines Kunststoffrasens in circa 15 Jahren abzubilden. Die Verwendung spezieller Mikrofiltertiegel in Lysimeter-Experimenten ermöglicht die Abschätzung der Partikelgrößen des emittierten MP, was eine Grundbedingung für die Bewertung einer potenziellen Gesundheitsgefährdung für Menschen ist. Ergänzend werden weitere umweltrelevante Schadstoffausträge aus den Kunststoffrasen quantifiziert und so mögliche Transportpfade überprüft. Um in Zukunft den Anforderungen des Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetzes zu entsprechen, sollen in diesem Projekt zudem Erkenntnisse zur Rückführbarkeit von Gummi-Granulaten und Altrasen in den Rohstoffkreislauf gewonnen werden KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Kunststoffrasen KW - PAK KW - Schwermetalle PY - 2024 UR - https://www.zukunftbau.de/neue-meldung/zukunft-bau-journal-2024 SP - 9 EP - 9 PB - Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung (BBSR) CY - Bonn AN - OPUS4-61823 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Detection of plastics in soil N2 - Soil acts as a final sink for pollutants. Microplastics from different sources such as plastic mulching, littering, compost, sewage sludge, sedimentary deposition, and tyre abrasion are expected to be found in soil. However, representative and comprehensive information is missing on the sources, transport, and fate. Therefore, a reliable analysis method for microplastics in soils needs to be developed. The presented work describes the development of a procedure for microplastics analysis in soils. A representative sampling based on the on-site conditions and a sample preparation method was established and comprised of a drying step, the separation of microplastic particles > 1 mm, and a density separation for particles < 1 mm. The detection of the large microplastic particles (> 1 mm) was conducted with Attenuated Total Reflection - Fourier Transform infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) , while Thermal Extraction Desorption - Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) was applied for particles < 1 mm, gaining information on the type of polymer and mass fraction. Based on the established method, 14 environmental soil samples ? with different exposure of microplastics from agriculture, industrial sites, roads, and floods were investigated. Due to the arbitrary microplastic particle distribution among the samples for large microplastics, it was reasoned that the found particles were unrepresentative. In contrast, microplastic particles < 1 mm were discovered in a high mass in soil samples exposed to plastic mulching or fertilization with sewage sludge or compost (0 – 115 mg/kg). On average, microplastic contents detected in soil samples taken from a construction site and an inner-city lake were higher (13 – 238 mg/kg). As expected, microplastic content in soil sampled in proximity to roads was more pronounced in the upper soil layers. In contrast, very remote sampling sites, expectably uncontaminated, did not lead to the detection of microplastic regarding to thermoanalytical detection method. In a proof of concept experiment several in vivo and in vitro ecotoxicological tests were applied to evaluate the effect of microplastics (tyre abrasion, polystyrene containing hexabromocyclododecane) in natural soils. In summary, while no effects of the examined probes could be detected on higher levels of biological organization after exposures to earthworm E. andrei, significant changes in several oxidative stress related biomarkers were observed. T2 - SETAC Europe 2022 CY - Kopenhagen, Denmark DA - 15.05.2022 KW - Microplastic KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Soil PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55872 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - van den Berg, A. A1 - Adriaans, K. A1 - Hoppener, E. A1 - Parker, L. A1 - Boersma, A. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Legler, J. A1 - Pieters, R. T1 - Inflammation-related key events stimulated by micro- and nanoplastics N2 - The presence of micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNP) in our environment has raised increasing public and political concern. Increasing evidence suggests that humans are exposed to these MNP, mostly via inhalation or ingestion. The EC-Horizon project POLYRISK (https://polyrisk.science) aims to establish an IATA/AOP-based tiered approach to assess human health risks of MNP. In our research, we focus on assessing immunotoxicological effects of MNP. We have tested a series of primary, secondary, environmentally aged (incubated in River Rine water) and chemically altered MNP for their potential to affect dendritic cells or macrophages. MNP used in this study include primary and weathered PS, secondary PVC, PA, PP (with or without talc) and PE. The secondary PE and PP (w/o talc) particles appeared to have oxidized groups on their surface. Data shows that MNP can be engulfed by macrophages (PMA-stimulated human THP1 cells) and human blood-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The effects of virgin as well as secondary MNP (0, 10 or 100 μg/ml) on THP1 macrophages were limited to decrease of mitochondrial activity (Alamar blue), increase of cellular leakage (LDH), and stimulation of lysosomal activity. None of these MNP stimulated gene expression of NFκB or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β). On the other hand, secondary PP and PE with oxidized surface groups did increase NFκB gene expression and release of cytokines by THP1 macrophages. Virgin and weathered PS particles were tested using DCs, and only weathered PS did stimulate DC activity (increased costimulatory molecules CD83, CD86) and as consequence allogeneic T cells. DC activation appeared to result from environmental contaminants. In conclusion, of all MNPs tested only those that contained active surface groups or environmental components appeared to be immunostimulatory, whereas primary and secondary MNP rather reduced macrophage activity and viability (at relatively high concentrations of 100 μg/ml). Further research is needed to reveal molecular mechanisms and to translate in vitro findings to real-world exposure scenarios. T2 - 58th Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX 2024) CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 08.09.2024 KW - Micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNP) KW - Human health risks KW - Immunotoxicological effects PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.07.052 AN - OPUS4-63363 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Plastik in Böden: Mikroplastik-Ergebnisse N2 - In diesem Vortrag geht um die Vorstellung der Ergebnisse des UBA Projektes Plastik in Böden. Es werden Mikroplastik-Gehalte in verschiedenen Böden präsentiert. T2 - Fachgespräch "Plastik in Böden" CY - Online meeting DA - 28.03.2022 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Mikroplastik Böden KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54648 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik an der BAM: TED-GC/MS und Referenzmaterialien N2 - Thema ist die Funktionsweise der TED-GC/MS als Methode für die Mikroplastik-Detektion sowie die Herstellung dazugehöriger Referenzmaterialien an der BAM T2 - 25. Kolloquium Massenspektrometrie von Polymeren CY - Online meeting DA - 17.06.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Referenzmaterial PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52835 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dittmann, Daniel T1 - Aktivkohle-Charakterisierung als weiterer Schlüssel für das Verständnis der Spurenstoffadsorption in der 4. Reinigungsstufe N2 - Aktivkohle ≠ Aktivkohle, Adäquate Materialcharakterisierung - Voraussetzung für Adsorptionsprognosen und Wasserspezifische Auswahl von Aktivkohleprodukten. Ausblick: Publikationen zu Aktivkohlecharakterisierung und Adsorptionsprognose in Vorbereitung T2 - Wasser 2021 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Aktivkohle KW - Thermogravimetrie KW - Zersetzungsgasanalyse KW - Proximatanalyse PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52742 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik Referenzmaterial und erste Vergleichsuntersuchungen N2 - Hierbei geht es um die Vorstellung von ersten Möglichkeiten um Referenzmaterial für die Mikroplastik-Analytik herzustellen und die Ergebnisse erster Vergleichsversuche. T2 - EUROLAB-D Workshop: Mikroplastik in der Praxis CY - Online meeting DA - 30.11.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Vergleichsversuche PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53880 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiesner, Yosri T1 - Sample preparation methods of food and environmental matrices for microplastics analysis using TED-GC-MS N2 - Microplastic determination in food and surface waters will be increasingly carried out in the course of future directives and regulations, such as EU drinking water directive and wastewater directive. In addition to unique identification, this also includes reliable quantification. Two different methodological approaches are used for the quantification. With vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as µ-FTIR and µ-Raman, results are obtained in the form of particle number, size and shape. Instead, with thermal analytical technics as TED-GC/MS and Py-GC-MS the results are expressed as mass concentration.. Both concepts offer different information variables. In terms of routine monitoring, it is necessary to obtain a rapid sequence from sampling to the detection result. For this reason, this study focuses on TED-GC/MS and Py-GC-MS. Even though thermal analytical methods generally require less sample preparation, some matrices require it. This is usually done if the analyte concentration is too low or if strong matrix effects such as signal suppression and false positive signals occur. This talk presents advanced sample preparation for baby milk powder as food example and density separation for microplastic analysis in surface waters. A preparation protocol based on citric acid was selected for the milk to remove as much as possible of the matrix. The low pH value leads to a fast and effective protein precipitation and minimizes filter cake formation, making filtration possible, reduces the number and the amount of compounds in detection and hence, simplifies the evaluation. Microplastics in surface waters and sediments must be concentrated not only because of their low microplastics mass content but also in terms of homogeneity. For this purpose, a density separation was carried out using a concentrated sodium iodide solution, which led to a high reduction of the inorganic mineral matrix and made possible to obtain a representative subsample of initial masses of up to 80 g. T2 - 22nd European Symposium on Polymer Spectroscopy (ESOPS 24) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 08.09.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - Harmonization KW - Preparation method microplastics KW - Detection method microplastics PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61015 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Plastik in Böden: Mikroplastik-Analytik N2 - Im Vortrag wir eine Methode zur Analyse von Mikroplastik in Böden dargestellt. Es geht dabei um die Probenvorbereitung und Detektion. T2 - Fachgespräch "Plastik in Böden" CY - Online meeting DA - 28.03.2022 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik KW - Methodenentwicklung Böden PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54646 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Harmonisation efforts of the CUSP projects N2 - The talk is about harmonisation approaches within CUSP. First the five H2020 projects for research on risk assessment regarding microplastics topic were presented. Secondly, harmonisation process were discussed. T2 - VAMAS SC 47 Meeting CY - Turin, Italy DA - 19.10.2022 KW - Microplastics KW - Harmonisation KW - Nanoplastics KW - H2020 KW - Risk assessment PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56077 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Analysis of Microplastics in Soil: Harmonisation and Standardisation - a first approach N2 - The talk is about microplastics in soil. Some results were presented with mainly state of the art according to microplastics in standardization. T2 - International Conference Microplastics in Soils CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.10.2022 KW - Microplastics KW - Microplastics standardisation KW - Microplastics in soil PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56078 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Detektion von Mikroplastik N2 - In dem Vortrag geht es um die Möglichkeiten der Detektion von Mikroplastik im Allgemeinen. Es werden Beispiele für die Luft gezeigt. T2 - VDI-Workshop „Mikroplastik in der Außenluft – Was wir wissen und was wir (noch) nicht wissen CY - Online meeting DA - 15.11.2022 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Mikroplastik in Luft KW - Detektion von Mikroplastik PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56289 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, C. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Braun, U. A1 - Kerndorff, A. A1 - Bannick, C.-G. A1 - Fuchs, M. A1 - Thamsen, P. U. T1 - Garment ageing in a laundry care process under household‐like conditions N2 - This study reflects typical consumer textile washing behaviour while taking into account existing standards in the household appliance and garment industries. Two garments were washed repeatedly with artificial dirt and detergent 30 times. The collected washing water was separated using fractional filtration. Textile physical tests were used to follow property changes of the garments, the microplastic release is determined using thermoextraction/desorbtion–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the total organic carbon was measured as a sum parameter for the organic bonded carbon. This article shows the importance of a reality‐based approach when investigating microplastics of textile origin in the laundry care process. Deposits of detergent and dirt on the textiles were detected. The total mass of sieve residues was much higher than the release of synthetic polymers. The cotton content of the garments causes a much higher fibre release than synthetic fibres. Both will lead to false results by purely gravimetric analysis because nonpolymer fibres will be included microplastic mass. The results cannot be generalised only by the main polymer type, knowledge of the textile construction must be included for final evaluation. KW - Fibre release KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Washing machine PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202200086 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley online library AN - OPUS4-56976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Thermoanalytical methods to measure mass in microplastics N2 - The talk adresses the use of thermoanalytical methods in microplastics analysis. T2 - EUROLAB webinar: MICROPLASTICS: regulations, standards and the role of laboratories CY - Online meeting DA - 15.02.2023 KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Thermoanalytical methods KW - Microplastic mass PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57009 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Needs, concepts and state of the art: Top-down production of reference materials for micro- and nanoplastics and their use in harmonisation processes N2 - The talk explains the top-down production of materials suitable for mircoplastics and nanoplastics and the use in ILCs. T2 - EUROLAB webinar: MICROPLASTICS: regulations, standards and the role of laboratories CY - Online meeting DA - 15.02.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Nanoplastics KW - ILC KW - Milling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57008 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - PlasticsEurope - plastic powders - Reference materials N2 - The talk gives ideas about possible collaboration between BAM and PlasticEurope and their BRIGID project. T2 - Project meeting of BRIDGIT project of PlasticsEurope CY - Online meeting DA - 01.02.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - PlasticEurope PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57012 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Stakeholder Workshop – Plastictrace WP1 N2 - The talk is about WP1 in the PlasticTrace project funded by Euromat. The projects harmonizes microplastic analysis by developing SOPs and reference materials. WP1 is responsible for material selection and preparation. All particles are homogeneity and stability checked according to ISO guide 35. T2 - Stakeholder workshop of PlasticTrace project CY - Online meeting DA - 14.12.2022 KW - Microplastic KW - Microplastics standardisation KW - Reference materials PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56772 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Release of synthetic fibres during washing of typical household textiles: Findings from washing machine tests and resulting policy recommendations N2 - This talk summarizes the experimental setup and the results of one washing experiment under realistic conditions according to microplastic fiber release. T2 - Tackling microplastics in the environment CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 09.03.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Fibers of textile origin KW - Washing machine KW - Microplastic fibre release PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57204 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lukas, M. T1 - Artificial Plastic Ageing as a Framework for Microplastics Ecotoxicity Evaluation N2 - Microplastics are widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments, up to now less is known on toxicological impacts under realistic conditions. Research so far has focused mainly on the impacts on organisms by fresh plastic fragments or beats. However, plastic materials found in the environment are mainly a mixture of different polymers and particularly degraded during aging processes. Although especially oxidized degradation products might escape from plastic materials during aging, there is a lack of information on potentially adverse effects on aquatic biota. The latter is of particular interest as oxidized chemicals become more water soluble due to higher polarity and are more bio-available, therefore. The present study focussed on plastic leachates of polystyrene (PS) and polylactic acid (PLA), which were derived from alternating stress by hydrolysis and UV radiation. Test specimen of PS, PLA or PS/PLA blends (each 50 %) were alternatingly maintained in water at 45 °C for five days and UV radiated at 45 °C for two days, for in total six weeks. Ecotoxicological effects of potentially generated degradation products of plastic materials in the storage water (mineral water, pH: 7.2) were detected by algae growth inhibition tests with Desmodesmus suspicatus and photosystem II inhibition tests with Raphidocelis subcapitata. Results clearly indicate inhibitory effects on algae growth by contaminants in the storage water of stressed plastic materials with increasing growth inhibition of proceeding hydrolysis and UV stress times. Here, different plastics cause variable responses of algal growth. First chemical analyses indicate dissolved monomers and their oxidation products of plastic materials as possible driver of detected ecotoxicological effects, since detected microplastic particles do not seem to harm algae. The existing data highlight the relevance of plastic aging as a framework for microplastic ecotoxicity evaluation and allow a proof of concept. T2 - SETAC 2023 CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 30.04.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Ecotoxicity KW - Plastic aging KW - Algae growth inhibition tests PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57501 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiesner, Yosri T1 - Metrological Observation of the Stability Performance of Reference Materials for Microplastic Analysis N2 - The formation of microplastic (MP) particles (1-1000 µm) is mostly related to physicochemical degradation processes of macroplastics. Photooxidative damage is often set as the initial degradation process, which leads to embrittlement of the plastics. Mechanical processes then lead to further fragmentation and the formation of MP particles. In the environment, this can be associated with UV exposure through direct radiation from the sun, which leads to radical formation in the polymer systems on the one hand and radical formation of oxygen on the other. The result is material embrittlement usually caused by chain shortening in the polymeric system. Due to specific ecosystem conditions, the damaged polymer is fragmented by erosive, abrasive processes or wave action. According to reference material topic for MP analysis, pristine and artificially weathered polymers are needed. Starting from granulate or macroplastics, these can be pulverised with different techniques, bottled and stored until usage. The bottled powders need to be homogen and stable over a defined time interval regarding to a specific property. This work deals with different polymer types, aged and non-aged. It tries to answer the question under which storage conditions polymers will be stable in particle size. The powders are characterized for chemical composition and shape with FTIR, DSC and SEM. Particle size distribution was measured by laser diffraction with wet and dry dispersion. Artificially pre-aged materials seem to be more vulnerable for further aging and less stable in particle size distribution measurements. T2 - SETAC Dublin– SETAC Europe 33nd Annual Meeting CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 30.04.2023 KW - Reference material KW - Microplastics KW - Metrological Observation PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57475 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miclea, P.-T. T1 - Real-life airborne micro- and nano-plastic particles and fibres on a porous membrane filter system from a textile factory suitable for both: vibrational and mass spectrometry N2 - The poster presents an application of Si wafer filter system on indoor air sampling. A textile factory producing PP fibres was sampled. T2 - SETAC Europe 2023 CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 30.04.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Polymer 3R KW - Textile fibres KW - Si wafer filter KW - Microplastics sampling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57462 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miclea, P.-T. T1 - Micro- and nanoplastic particle number and mass-based analysis on a plastic-free size-selective two stage Si membrane filtration cascade N2 - The poster presents a Si wafer filter development as two stage cascade and the adapter for microplastics filtration. T2 - SETAC Europe 2023 CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 30.04.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Filtration KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Polymer 3R KW - Cascade filtration PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57461 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kittner, Maria T1 - Bewertung der Freisetzung von Mikroplastik aus Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis N2 - Projektvorstellung "Bewertung der Freisetzung von Mikroplastik aus Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis": Motivation, Konzept, Umsetzung, erste analytische Ergebnisse der TED-GC/MS T2 - 24. Projekttage der Zukunft Bau Forschungsförderung CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 13.06.2023 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Kunststoffrasen KW - Lysimeter KW - Beschleunigte Alterung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58441 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Welche Rolle spielen Textilien als Mikroplastik-Quelle im Abwasser? Was kann man dagegen tun? N2 - Diskutiert wird die Frage, ob Textilien gewaschen in der Waschmaschine ein Eintragspfad von Mikroplastik in die Umwelt sind. Nachgewiesen wird dies experimentell über Messungen zur Massenbestimmung mit der TED-GC/MS. T2 - DWA-Seminar: Mikroplastik in der (Siedlungs-)Wasserwirtschaft – Einordnung und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis CY - Online meeting DA - 29.11.2023 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Waschmaschine KW - Polymer 3R PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59279 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Current projects in risk assessment and harmonisation N2 - The talk gives an overview about EU projects currently running for risk assessment and harmonisation in microplastic analysis. T2 - Micro- and Nanoplastics CY - Halle (Saale), Germany DA - 01.11.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Harmonisation in microplastics KW - Polymer 3R PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58766 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Visileanu, E. T1 - Methods for the collection and characterization of airborne particles in the textile industry N2 - The presentation summarizes possibilities to sample airborne micro and nanoplastic particles. An example of a textil company is shown. T2 - 5th International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and Design: Future Trends and Applications (IHSED 2023 CY - Dubrovnik, Croatia DA - 27.09.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Polymer 3R KW - Textile company PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kittner, Maria T1 - Bewertung der Freisetzung von Mikroplastik aus Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis N2 - Projektvorstellung "Bewertung der Freisetzung von Mikroplastik aus Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis": Konzept, Umsetzung, erste Mikroplastik-Ergebnisse. T2 - Projektbegleitkreissitzung des Projektes "Ermittlung und Minderung von Mikroplastik- und Schadstoffemissionen von Kunststoffrasen-Sportplätzen (MiMiK)“ CY - Sittensen, Germany DA - 25.09.2023 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Kunststoffrasen KW - Lysimeter KW - Beschleunigte Alterung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58442 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik Detektion mit Thermoanalytischen Methoden: Analytik, Referenzmaterial, Ringversuche N2 - Ich dem Vortrag geht es um die Vorstellung von thermoanalytischen Methoden für die Mikroplastik-Detektion. Verschiedene Kopplungsmöglichkeiten werden gezeigt und die Funktionsweise der TED-GC/MS wird erklärt. Im zweiten Teil werden Referenzmaterialien für die Mikroplastik-Analytik diskutiert. PET -Tabletten des PlasticTrace Projektes werden vorgestellt. Am Ende wird der VAMAS Ringversuch zur Mikroplastik-Detektion gezeigt. T2 - Plastik, Mikroplastik, Nanopartikel, PFAS und Verunreinigungen (Agilent Workshop) CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 28.05.2024 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Polymer 3R KW - Ringversuche KW - Referenzmaterial PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60155 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Drago, C. T1 - Standardization Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics (10 100µm) in Food Matrix: Sample Preparation and Digestion of Milk Powder. N2 - Monitoring of microplastics in food matrices is crucial to determinate the human exposure. By direct ingestion microplastics could be released in the food during the production, through packaging and by consumer’s use. The absence of standard methods to quantify and detect different size range and type of microplastics has led to difficult and time consuming procedural steps, poor accuracy and lack of comparability. In this work, matrix characterization and laboratory experiments were used to investigate the efficiency of sample preparation in milk powder. This information is crucial to compile a standard procedure for sample preparation and digestion of common milk powder to detect different particle sizes and types of polymers. Charaterisation is done by TGA and TOC measurements. T2 - SETAC Europe 2024 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 05.05.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - Harmonisation in microplastics KW - Polymer 3R KW - Microplastics in milk PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60034 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Frelih, Milena T1 - Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials on Microbial Communities in the Aquatic Environment N2 - Engineered nanoparticles have garnered significant attention for their unique properties and potential applications across various industries. They were extensively examined for their toxicological effect in vitro and in vivo, but their effects on environmental and biological systems remain underexplored. A key area of concern is how nanoparticles interact with microbial communities in natural ecosystems, since these communities are vital for processes such as nutrient cycling, biodegradation, and maintaining ecosystem health and functioning. Currently, environmental risk assessments of nanoparticles majorly involve higher organisms (e.g. algae, zooplankton), but omit the effects on complex communities and ecosystems as a whole. This research aims to investigate the impact of nanomaterials on aquatic microbial communities using a combination of laboratory experiments and field-sampling along a gradient from low to highly anthropogenically impacted aquatic ecosystems around Berlin, Germany. To holistically assess changes in microbial composition and functional activity in response to nanomaterial exposure, we will apply molecular, microbiological, analytical as well as OMIC methods. We hypothesize that nanoparticles induce significant compositional changes in microbial community structures, potentially leading to alterations in stress responses and other functional effects. Nanomaterials have the potential to benefit the environment by contributing to energy and resource efficiency, remediation of contaminated sites, or water treatment. In order to represent truly sustainable products, though, a safe use for humans and ecosystems must be assured. Ultimately, this research will contribute to more accurate environmental risk assessments and help guide the responsible use of nanotechnology in various industries. T2 - SETAC Europe CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.05.2025 KW - Microbial Communities KW - Aquatic Environment KW - Nanomaterials PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63164 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Kittner, Maria A1 - Dümichen, Erik A1 - Thaxton, K. A1 - Kleine-Benne, E. A1 - Anumol, T. T1 - Accelerated Determination of Microplastics in Environmental Samples Using Thermal Extraction Desorption-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) N2 - There is growing interest in quantifying microplastics in environmental samples. This application note presents a thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) method that is well suited to automation and increased sample throughput. The method is also able to detect all particle sizes in the sample as long as the limit of detection (LOD) is reached and allows analysis of larger samples of 15 to 25 mg or more. Samples were decomposed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the gaseous decomposition products were trapped on a solid-phase sorbent, followed by thermal desorption‑gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) using an Agilent 5977B GC/MSD coupled to an Agilent 7890B GC. Target microplastic particle (MP) polymers were identified in environmental samples including surface water, finished compost, house dust, and drinking water. Quantification of MP polymers in environmental samples provided LODs of 0.06 to 2.2 μg, allowing the detection of MPs in trace amounts with sample weights of up to 1 g. Method repeatability was adequate for reliable quantification with RSDs of approximately 6 to 12%. KW - Environment KW - Microplastic particles KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Mass content KW - Thermoanalytical PY - 2020 VL - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Agilent Technologies Inc. CY - USA AN - OPUS4-51672 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kittner, Maria T1 - Small, everywhere and difficult to detect - Insights into the detection of microplastic particles in environmental samples using thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry N2 - As global demand for polymer products increases, so does the potential amount of leakage into the environment, known as macroplastic (> 1,000 µm) and microplastic particles (MP, 1 - 1,000 µm). To date, the environmental and health consequences are unclear and unpredictable, so robust MP monitoring data are needed to identify the sources, pathways and fate of these particles. Therefore, we developed the thermoanalytical method TED-GC/MS (thermal extraction desorption - gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), which uses polymer-specific thermal decomposition products for the detection of MP in environmental samples. It allows fast identification and the determination of MP mass contents, which is crucial for assessing of their potential effects and thus for legislation and monitoring. For a better understanding of the TED-GC/MS, this presentation will provide the first methodological insights into systematic assessments of TED-GC/MS performance for MP detection in different environmental model matrices. Results of MP determination from real samples will underline the presentation and aspects of practical application will be addressed. To harmonise the method, it is essential to assess different analytical performance parameters (e.g. recovery, signal quality or limit of detection, LOD) to ensure comparability of data. For this purpose, standard addition of different aquatic (e.g. suspended particulate matter, limnic sediment, activated sludge) and terrestrial samples (e.g. agricultural soil) were performed with non-biodegradable standard polymers (polyethylene, PE; polyethylene terephthalate, PET; polypropylene, PP; polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA; polystyrene, PS; styrene-butadiene rubber, SBR) as well as biodegradable polymers (polybutylene adipate terephthalate PBAT; polylactide, PLA) and analysed by TED-GC/MS. These results were then compared with the measurements of the neat polymers without matrix. T2 - SETAC Europe 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 03.05.2021 KW - Matrix KW - Microplastic particles KW - Mass content KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52660 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Repräsentative Untersuchungsstrategien für ein integratives Systemverständnis von spezifischen Einträgen von Kunststoffen in die Umwelt (RUSEKU) N2 - Der Vortrag wurde im Rahmen der Abschlusskonferenz des Forschungsschwerpunktes "Plastik in der Umwelt" des BMBF gehalten. Er fasst die Ergebnisse des Verbundprojektes RUSEKU zusammen. Es wurde die Herstellung verschiedener Testmaterialien für die Mikroplastik (MP) Analytik beschrieben. Im weiteren geht es um verschiedene Ansätze MP kostengünstig und schnell zu detektieren, z.B. mit Nahinfrarotspektroskopie. Nanoplastik konnte mit der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie sichtbar gemacht werden. Für die praxisnahe Beprobung von Gewässern wurde die Fraktionierte Filtration entwickelt. Integrale Beprobungen können mit dem Sedimentationskasten erfolgen. Als Beispiele für die Beprobung realer Gewässer wurde das urbane Abwassersystem Kaiserslautern, Getränkewasser und Waschmaschinenwasser gezeigt. T2 - Abschlusskonferenz des Forschungsschwerpunktes "Plastik in der Umwelt" des BMBF CY - Online meeting DA - 20.04.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Probennahme KW - RUSEKU PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52546 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Microplastics at BAM: TED-GC/MS and reference materials N2 - Thsi talk aims to present the activities of microplastic analysis at BAM according to TED-GC/MS and reference materials developement. T2 - Webinar BAM / University of Birmingham CY - Online meeting DA - 15.06.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Reference materials PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53738 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiesner, Yosri T1 - MIKROPLASTIK – von der Probenvorbereitung bis zur Analytik N2 - Der Vortrag beschreibt die Herausforderungen bei der Analyse von Mikroplastik inklusive Probennahme, Probenvorbereitung und Detektion. Es werden Ergebnisse aus dem BMBF-Projekt RUSEKU vorgestellt. T2 - LABO-Anwendertag CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53829 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kittner, Maria T1 - Beschleunigung und Hemmung - Komplexe Wechselwirkungen bei der Zersetzung von thermoplastischen PLA/PS-Blends unter realitätsnahen Umweltbedingungen N2 - Mit dem stetigen weltweiten Anstieg der Nachfrage nach Polymerprodukten nimmt auch die potenzielle Menge an Kunststoffabfällen in der Umwelt zu. Problematisch ist, dass viele der wirtschaftlich relevantesten Kunststoffe sehr lange brauchen, um in der Umwelt abzubauen, sich dort akkumulieren und in kritisch betrachtetes Makro- und Mikroplastik zu zerfallen. Auf der Grundlage des Vorsorgeprinzips fordert die Europäische Kommission daher die Entwicklung neuer polymerer Materialien, die diesem Problem der Persistenz entgegenwirken und unter natürlichen Umweltbedingungen schneller abgebaut werden können. 1,2 Um dieses Problem anzusprechen, wurden mittels additiver Fertigung Polymerblends aus photooxidationsempfindlichem Polystyrol (PS) und hydrolyseempfindlicher Polymilchsäure (PLA) hergestellt. Die Hypothese war, dass sich die beiden Thermoplaste aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Abbauprozesse gegenseitig in ihrem Abbau unterstützen, wenn sie unter moderaten, realitätsnahen Umweltalterungsbedingungen (45 °C) abwechselnd der Photooxidation und Hydrolyse ausgesetzt werden. In der Praxis zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass die Degradation von PLA durch die Anwesenheit von PS deutlich beschleunigt worden ist – wohingegen die Degradation von PS gehemmt wurde. In diesem Vortrag werden die detaillierten Ergebnisse der Oberflächen- (ATR-FTIR, REM) und Bulk-Analysen (DSC, TGA, FTIR-Transmission, TED-GC/MS) der Blends sowie ergänzende Mikroplastik-Ergebnisse des umgebenden Wassermediums (TED-GC/MS) erörtert. T2 - 50. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation (GUS) CY - Online meeting DA - 23.03.2022 KW - Polymerblend KW - PLA KW - Hydrolyse KW - PS KW - Bewitterung KW - UV-Bestrahlung KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Wasser KW - Mikroplastik PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54544 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meurer, Maren T1 - Optimierung der Mikroplastik Analytik mittels TED-GC/MS sowie Reduktion von falsch positiven PE Werten durch beschleunigtes Lösemittelverfahren N2 - Ein drastisch hoher Polyethylene Massenanteil wurde bei der Analytik der Umweltproben im Vergleich zu weiteren Polymeren festgestellt. Zu einem Überbefund des Polyethylene können strukturell verwandte Verbindungen wie z.B. Fette durch Signalüberlagerung führen. Mithilfe von beschleunigter Lösemittelextraktion soll die störende Komponente entfernt werden. T2 - Die Wasser 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Extraktion KW - Mikroplastik KW - ASE KW - Polyethylene PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53896 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik – Ein Problem für die Menschheit? N2 - Mikroplastik findet sich in Ozeanen, Seen, Flüssen und Bächen. Es kann in unserem Boden, in der Luft und sogar in Organismen nachgewiesen werden. Jedes Jahr werden weltweit Millionen Tonnen freigesetzt. Doch wo und wie landet Mikroplastik in der Umwelt? Und wie können wir diese winzigen Partikel nachweisen? T2 - Berlin Science Week CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.11.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53734 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hallier, Dorothea C. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Seitz, H. A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Inside back cover for the article "Bio-SAXS of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins: Radiation protection by the compatible solute ectoine" N2 - Showcasing research from the Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing Berlin and Fraunhofer Institute for Celltherapy and Immunology Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam. Bio-SAXS of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins: Radiation protection by the compatible solute ectoine. We aimed to increase the possible undisturbed exposure time during bio-SAXS measurements of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins. Therefore small angle X-ray scattering was performed on Gene-V Protein (G5P/GVP), which is involved in DNA repair processes. To achieve this, irradiations were performed in presence and absence of the hydroxyl-radical scavenger and osmolyte Ectoine, which showed efficient radiation protection and prevented protein aggregation, thus allows for a non-disturbing way to improve structure-determination of biomolecules. KW - Bio-SAXS KW - BioSAXS KW - Cosolute KW - DNA KW - Dosimetry KW - Ectoin KW - Ectoine KW - G5P KW - GVP KW - Geant4 KW - Geant4-DNA KW - Ionizing radiation damage KW - LEE KW - McSAS3 KW - Microdosimetry KW - Monte-Carlo simulations KW - OH Radical KW - OH radical scavenger KW - Protein KW - Protein unfolding KW - Radiation damage KW - Radical Scavenger KW - SAXS KW - Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins KW - Small-angle xray scattering KW - Topas-MC KW - Topas-nBio KW - TopasMC KW - X-ray scattering KW - Particle scatterin simulations KW - ssDNA PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP90056H SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 25 IS - 7 SP - 5889 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-57006 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Bio-SAXS of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins: Radiation protection by the compatible solute ectoine N2 - Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) can be used for structural determination of biological macromolecules and polymers in their native states (e.g. liquid phase). This means that the structural changes of (bio-)polymers, such as proteins and DNA, can be monitored in situ to understand their sensitivity to changes in chemical environments. In an attempt to improve the reliability of such experiments, the reduction of radiation damage occurring from exposure to X-rays is required. One such method, is to use scavenger molecules to protect macromolecules against radicals produced during radiation exposure, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study we investigate the feasibility of applying the compatible solute, osmolyte and radiation protector Ectoine (THP(B)), as a scavenger molecule during SAXS measurements of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein Gene-V Protein (G5P/GVP). In this case, we monitor the radiation induced changes of G5P during bio-SAXS measurments and the resulting microscopic energy-damage relation was determined from microdosimetric calculations by Monte-Carlo based particle scattering simulations with TOPAS/Geant4 and a custom target-model. This resulted in a median-lethal energy deposit of pure G5P at 4 mg mL−1 of E1/2 = 7 ± 5 eV, whereas a threefold increase of energy-deposit was needed under the presence of Ectoine to reach the same level of damage. This indicates that Ectoine increases the possible exposure time before radiation-damage to G5P is observed. Furthermore, the dominant type of damage shifted from aggregation in pure solutions towards a fragmentation for solutions containing Ectoine as a cosolute. These results are interpreted in terms of indirect radiation damage by reactive secondary species, as well as post-irradiation effects, related to preferential-exclusion of the cosolute from the protein surface. Hence, Ectoine is shown to provide a non-disturbing way to improve structure-determination of proteins via bio-SAXS in future studies. T2 - #RSCposter 2023 CY - Online meeting DA - 28.02.2023 KW - Bio-SAXS KW - BioSAXS KW - Cosolute KW - DNA KW - Dosimetry KW - Ectoin KW - Ectoine KW - G5P KW - GVP KW - Geant4 KW - Geant4-DNA KW - Ionizing radiation damage KW - LEE KW - McSAS3 KW - Microdosimetry KW - Monte-Carlo simulations KW - OH Radical KW - OH radical scavenger KW - Particle scattering simulations KW - Protein KW - Protein unfolding KW - Radiation damage KW - Radical Scavenger KW - SAXS KW - Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins KW - Small-angle xray scattering KW - Topas KW - Topas-MC KW - Topas-nBio KW - X-ray scattering KW - ssDNA KW - Osmolyte KW - Hydroxyectoine KW - Compatible solute KW - ROS KW - radical scavenger PY - 2023 UR - https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2023/cp/d2cp05053f AN - OPUS4-57064 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Hallier, Dorothea C. A1 - Seitz, H. T1 - X-ray scattering datasets and simulations associated with the publication "Bio-SAXS of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins: Radiation protection by the compatible solute ectoine" N2 - This dataset contains the processed and analysed small-angle X-ray scattering data associated with all samples from the publications "Bio-SAXS of Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Proteins: Radiation Protection by the Compatible Solute Ectoine" (https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP05053F). Files associated with McSAS3 analyses are included, alongside the relevant SAXS data, with datasets labelled in accordance to the protein (G5P), its concentration (1, 2 or 4 mg/mL), and if Ectoine is present (Ect) or absent (Pure). PEPSIsaxs simulations of the GVP monomer (PDB structure: 1GV5 ) and dimer are also included. TOPAS-bioSAXS-dosimetry extension for TOPAS-nBio based particle scattering simulations can be obtained from https://github.com/MarcBHahn/TOPAS-bioSAXS-dosimetry which is further described in https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-55751. This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under grant number 442240902 (HA 8528/2-1 and SE 2999/2-1). We acknowledge Diamond Light Source for time on Beamline B21 under Proposal SM29806. This work has been supported by iNEXT-Discovery, grant number 871037, funded by the Horizon 2020 program of the European Commission. KW - SAXS KW - Radiation protection KW - Microdosimetry KW - G5P KW - Ectoine KW - DNA-Binding protein PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7515394 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-56811 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stawski, Tomasz T1 - Towards sustainable solution-driven recycling of gypsum N2 - Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4ᐧ0.5H2O), also known as bassanite, has been used as a precursor to produce gypsum (dihydrate, CaSO4ᐧ2H2O) for various construction and decorative purposes since prehistoric times. The main route to obtain hemihydrate is a thermal treatment of gypsum at temperatures typically between 150 °C and 200 °C to remove some of the structural water. In this contribution, we introduce (Fig. 1) a more efficient and sustainable method (T < 100 °C) that enables the direct, rapid, and reversibly conversion of gypsum to bassanite using reusable high salinity aqueous solutions (brineswith c[NaCl] > 4 M). The optimum conditions for the efficient production of bassanite in a short time (< 5 min) involve the use of brines with c(NaCl) > 4 M and maintaining a temperature, T > 80 °C. When the solution containing bassanite crystals is cooled down to around room temperature, eventually gypsum is formed. When the temperature is raised again to T > 80 °C, bassanite is rapidly re-precipitated. This contrasts with the typical behaviour of the bassanite phase in low salt environments. Traditionally, hemihydrate is obtained through a solid state thermal treatment because bassanite is considered to be metastable with respect to gypsum and anhydrite in aqueous solutions, and therefore gypsum-to-bassanite conversion should not occur in water. Its very occurrence actually contradicts numerical thermodynamic predictions regarding solubility of calcium sulfate phases. By following the evolution of crystalline phases with in situ and time-resolved X-ray diffraction/scattering and Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the phase stability in brines at elevated temperatures is inaccurately represented in the thermodynamic databases. Most notably for c(NaCl) > 4 M, and T > 80 °C gypsum becomes readily more soluble than bassanite, which induces the direct precipitation of the latter from gypsum. The fact that these transformations are controlled by the solution provides extensive opportunities for precise manipulation of crystal formation. Our experiments confirmed that bassanite remained the sole crystalline structure for many hours before reverting into gypsum. This property is extremely advantageous for practical processing and efficient crystal extraction in industrial scenarios. T2 - RAL-SAS - UK Small angle scattering meeting 2025 CY - Oxford, United Kongdom DA - 16.06.2025 KW - Scattering KW - SAXS KW - Calcium sulfate KW - Gypsum PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64682 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Vitrimers – new golden child of polymers? N2 - Vitrimers represent an innovative and promising class of sustainable materials poised as an alternative to conventional epoxy thermosets within the framework of the circular economy. Based on covalent adaptive networks (CANs), vitrimers exhibit dynamic bon d rearrangements upon external stimuli, endowing them with unique properties such as shape memory, self healing, and recyclability. These pioneering materials combine the robust mechanical behavior of classic lightweight thermosets with the inherent mallea bility of thermoplasts, making them highly attractive for next generation sustainable material applications. This study explores the intricate interplay between the nature of CANs and the macroscopic properties of newly developed vitrimers. The investigated material is a bio based vitrimer consisting of a glycerol triglycidyl ether (GTE) resin and a vanillin derived imine hardener (VA). This system represents an ideal biobased substitute for fossil derived epoxy resins and leverages a catalyst free imine metathesis mechanism to enable recycl ability. Despite the advantages of vitrimers, the molecular mechanisms governing their recyclability, particularly the dynamic exchange reactions, remain poorly understood. To gain deeper insights into these mechanisms, this study employs a combination of broadband dielectric spectroscopy , neutron scattering, mechanical spectroscopy, calorimetry, and dynamic thermal investigations. A systematic approach utilizing both standard and innovative characterization techniques is essential to unravel the synergistic relationship between molecular behavior, structure, and thermomechanical performance. This fundamental understanding will help propel vitrimers to the forefront of sustainable material science, advancing their practical implementation as recyclable polymer systems. T2 - Berlin-Brandenburgischer Verband für Polymerforschung Colloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.04.2025 KW - Recycling KW - 3R PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64293 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Vitrimers - Rethinking Epoxies Towards Recyclable and Reusable Thermosets N2 - Vitrimers represent an innovative and promising class of sustainable materials poised as an alternative to conventional epoxy thermosets within the framework of the circular economy. Based on covalent adaptive networks (CANs), vitrimers exhibit dynamic bon d rearrangements upon external stimuli, endowing them with unique properties such as shape memory, self healing, and recyclability. These pioneering materials combine the robust mechanical behavior of classic lightweight thermosets with the inherent mallea bility of thermoplasts, making them highly attractive for next generation sustainable material applications. This study explores the intricate interplay between the nature of CANs and the macroscopic properties of newly developed vitrimers. The investigated material is a bio based vitrimer consisting of a glycerol triglycidyl ether (GTE) resin and a vanillin derived imine hardener (VA). This system represents an ideal biobased substitute for fossil derived epoxy resins and leverages a catalyst free imine metathesis mechanism to enable recycl ability. Despite the advantages of vitrimers, the molecular mechanisms governing their recyclability, particularly the dynamic exchange reactions, remain poorly understood. To gain deeper insights into these mechanisms, this study employs a combination of broadband dielectric spectroscopy , neutron scattering, mechanical spectroscopy, calorimetry, and dynamic thermal investigations. A systematic approach utilizing both standard and innovative characterization techniques is essential to unravel the synergistic relationship between molecular behavior, structure, and thermomechanical performance. This fundamental understanding will help propel vitrimers to the forefront of sustainable material science, advancing their practical implementation as recyclable polymer systems. T2 - Fachseminarseminar Flammschutz Heringsdorf CY - Heringsdorf, Germany DA - 26.03.2025 KW - Recycling KW - 3R PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64292 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cornelsen Sampaio Kling, I. A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Archanjo, B. S. A1 - Simão, R. A. T1 - Development and characterization of starch film and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles N2 - Starch is one of the biopolymers being used for bioplastic synthesis. For production, starch can be combined with different plasticizers, starches from different plant sources and even with nanomaterials to improve or to add film properties. The challenge of adding these, e.g. in the form of silver nanoparticles (AgNp) is to determine the concentration so as to avoid impairing the properties of the film, agglomeration or altering the visual characteristics of the film. In this study, a starch film synthesis route and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles has been proposed in order not to alter the properties of the film while maintaining the transparency and a clear colour of the starch film. The results showed that the proposed synthesis route is promising, efficient, reproducible, fast and the film has good mechanical properties. T2 - Semana MetalMat & Painal PEMM 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2020 KW - Biofilm KW - Silver nanoparticle KW - Starch KW - Starch nanoparticle PY - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-51940 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kling, I. C. S. T1 - Development and characterization of starch film and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles N2 - Starch is one of the biopolymers being used for bioplastic synthesis. For production, starch can be combined with different plasticizers, starches from different plant sources and even with nanomaterials to improve or to add film properties. The challenge of adding these, e.g. in the form of silver nanoparticles (AgNp) is to determine the concentration so as to avoid impairing the properties of the film, agglomeration or altering the visual characteristics of the film. In this study, a starch film synthesis route and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles has been proposed in order not to alter the properties of the film while maintaining the transparency and a clear colour of the starch film. The results showed that the proposed synthesis route is promising, efficient, reproducible, fast and the film has good mechanical properties. T2 - Semana MetalMat & Painal PEMM 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2020 KW - Biofilm KW - Starch KW - Starch nanoparticle KW - Silver nanoparticle PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51828 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dinter, Adelina-Elisa T1 - Development of a single cell-ICP-ToF-MS-method for multielement analysis of MIC organisms grown on solid steel samples N2 - The latest ICP-MS technology - ICP-ToF (time of flight)-MS – enables the analysis of the multi-element fingerprint of individual cells. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering corrosion processes. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable phenomenon due to the influence of the environment, microbial communities involved and the respective electron source. However, the interaction pathway between cells and the metal surface remains unclear. The development of the MIC-specific ICP-ToF-MS analytical method presented here at the single cell level, in combination with the investigation of steel-MIC interactions, contributes significantly to progress in instrumental MIC analysis and will enable clarification of the processes taking place. For this, a MIC-specific staining procedure was developed. It allows the analysis of archaea at a single cell level and provides information about the interaction of the cells with the staining agent which is extremely scarce compared to other well characterized organisms. Additionally, the single cell ICP-ToF-MS is used for the analysis of archaea involved in MIC of steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated - the information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials. T2 - DAAS Doktorandenseminar 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 20.09.2021 KW - Sc-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Single cell analysis KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Archaea PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stawski, Tomasz T1 - Towards sustainable solution-driven recycling of gypsum N2 - Gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) is a crucial mineral across sectors such as construction, agriculture, and biomedicine. Despite its potentially full recyclability, a shortage looms due to limited mining in Europe and decreasing production of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, a byproduct of coal power plants. With current EU consumption at 24 MT/a (17 MT mined, 7 MT FGD), a deficit of 10-35 MT/a is projected by the 2030s as CaSO₄ becomes a critical raw material [1]. Meanwhile, substantial CaSO₄ waste is produced in various industries (e.g., phosphogypsum, red gypsum), but its recycling remains limited (10% in Germany, 5% in the EU) due to contamination and separation challenges. This contribution introduces a sustainable, efficient wet-chemical method for converting gypsum to bassanite (CaSO₄·0.5H₂O), and thus recycling gypsum, under mild conditions (T < 100 °C) using reusable high-salinity aqueous solutions (brines with c[NaCl] > 4 M) [2]. The optimal conversion conditions (T > 80°C, c[NaCl] > 4 M) enable rapid (<5 min) and reversible transformation (Fig. 1). Upon cooling, gypsum re-forms, offering a temperature-dependent control over phase transition. Unlike conventional thermal dehydration (150-200 °C), this approach promotes the dissolution of gypsum, allowing contaminants to be separated via selective precipitation or adsorption. Additionally, the wet-chemical process facilitates the physical removal of impurities from gypsum matrices, making it advantageous for recycling gypsum waste from sources such as demolition or urban mining, where it is often mixed with other materials. Our approach presents a sustainable pathway for recovering high-purity bassanite from contaminated gypsum waste, aligning with EU goals for resource conservation and waste reduction. T2 - MaterialsWeek 2025 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 02.04.2025 KW - Gypsum KW - Calcium sulfate KW - Recycling PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64677 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stawski, Tomasz T1 - Towards circular economy of gypsum N2 - Gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) is a crucial mineral across sectors such as construction, agriculture, and biomedicine. Despite its potentially full recyclability, a shortage looms due to limited mining in Europe and decreasing production of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, a byproduct of coal power plants. With current EU consumption at 24 MT/a (17 MT mined, 7 MT FGD), a deficit of 10-35 MT/a is projected by the 2030s as CaSO₄ becomes a critical raw material [1]. Meanwhile, substantial CaSO₄ waste is produced in various industries (e.g., phosphogypsum, red gypsum), but its recycling remains limited (10% in Germany, 5% in the EU) due to contamination and separation challenges. This talk introduces a sustainable, efficient wet-chemical method for converting gypsum to bassanite (CaSO₄·0.5H₂O), and thus recycling gypsum, under mild conditions (T < 100 °C) using reusable high-salinity aqueous solutions (brines with c[NaCl] > 4 M) [2]. The wet-chemical process facilitates the physical removal of impurities from gypsum matrices, making it advantageous for recycling gypsum waste from sources such as demolition or urban mining, where it is often mixed with other materials. The approach presents a sustainable pathway for recovering high-purity bassanite from contaminated gypsum waste, aligning with EU goals for resource conservation and waste reduction. T2 - GFZ Interface Geochemistry Seminars Spring 2025 CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 06.05.2025 KW - Calcium sulfate KW - Circular economy KW - Gypsum PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stawski, Tomasz T1 - Historical Plaster Formulations and Their Influence on Crystallographic Microstructure N2 - Historical plaster formulations offer valuable insights into advanced engineering in pre-modern cultures. This study examines two such gypsum-based recipes: Gach-e Koshteh from 14th-century Iran and Gesso Sottile from 15th-century Italy, both of which have unique characteristics and were essential for artistic and architectural decoration. By replicating these recipes in a laboratory setting, we demonstrate how traditional masters manipulated gypsum microstructure without additives to optimize the surface and mechanical properties of plaster for specific functional and artistic purposes. The Koshteh recipe involves intensive kneading during plaster hydration, which retards setting and produces a platelet-like crystal morphology with alignment of the {010} faces, resulting in a hydrophilic surface ideal for water-based wall paintings. Sottile, in contrast, relies on slow recrystallization in excess water, generating loosely packed, needle-like crystals with reduced wettability—suitable for oil-based painting and gilding. Using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we reveal that the Koshteh recipe yields a denser, better-packed plaster with enhanced wettability, while the Sottile recipe forms larger, more loosely arranged crystals and a more hydrophobic surface. These findings underscore the ingenuity of historical materials engineering and offer valuable insights for modern conservation and sustainable restoration practices. T2 - Geo4Göttingen 2025 CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 14.09.2025 KW - Plaster KW - Gypsum KW - Stucco KW - Cultural heritage PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.48380/4e5z-av91 AN - OPUS4-64685 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Breitenbach, Romy A1 - Gerrits, Ruben A1 - Dementyeva, Polina A1 - Knabe, Nicole A1 - Schumacher, Julia A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Ryo, M. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Data for "The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering" N2 - Data for the publication "The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering" (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-022-00253-1). It includes: - The Summary of the EPS concentration, EPS sugar components and EPS linkages. - The Summary of the XPS analysis of freeze-dried biofilm samples of all strains. - The Summary of the pH, Mg, SI and Fe concentration, biomass and olivine dissolution rate for each time point of all dissolution experiments. KW - Biofilms PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-54901 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-54901 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dinter, Adelina-Elisa T1 - Examination of biological samples by means of single-cell ICP-ToF-MS N2 - Up to now, different analytical methods for single cell analysis exist focusing on key features such as size, shape, morphology and elemental composition. The combination of the latest ICP-MS techniques - ICP-ToF-MS - together with the latest developments in the field of sample delivery - micro droplet generator (MDG) – will allow a Deep insight into the composition and size of cells. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is an oxidation of metals affected by the presence or activity (or both) of microorganisms e.g. Shewanella Putrefaciens in biofilms on the surface of the corroding material. As this can happen for example in the soil on iron pipes of water pipes, in oil tanks or on steel sheet piling, there is great interest in MIC research, not only from various industrial sectors, but also from the environmental aspect. T2 - SALSA - Make & Measure CY - Online Meeting DA - 15.10.2020 KW - SC-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Single cell analysis KW - MDG ICP-ToF-MS KW - Microdroplet generator PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-52441 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Metallene Werkstoffe in Geothermieanlagen - nicht nur aus Sicht der Korrosion N2 - Um Konstrukteuren und Nutzern geothermischer Anlagen grundlegende Informationen über die Korrosionsbeständigkeit zur Verfügung zu stellen, wurden verschiedene metallene Werkstoffe, darunter nichtrostende Duplex- und austenitische Stähle sowie eine Nickellegierung, in künstlichen Geothermalwässern, die die Bedingungen an verschiedenen Standorten mit geothermischem Potenzial simulieren, mit Hilfe von elektrochemischen und Langzeittests hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung bewertet. In hochsalinaren Umgebungen erwies sich Spaltkorrosion als der entscheidende Mechanismus. Die Nickellegierung zeigt eine ausgezeichnete Beständigkeit gegenüber Lochkorrosion. Abgesehen von ihren hohen Kosten eignet sie sich sehr gut für den Bau von Geothermieanlagen mit stark salzhaltigen Fluiden. Rostfreie Stähle und Duplexstähle weisen eine begrenzte Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegen Loch- und Spaltkorrosion auf. Daher sind sie für stark salzhaltige Fluide nicht geeignet. Der Superaustenit zeigt ein temperaturabhängiges Verhalten. In nichtsalinaren Umgebungen könnten niedriglegierte Stähle (neben den höherlegierten Werkstoffen) als Konstruktionsmaterial für Geothermieanlagen eingesetzt werden, sofern eine ausreichende Wandstärke des Materials berücksichtigt wird. Neben Korrosionsaspekten erwies sich auch die Ausfällung von Fluidbestandteilen als interessantes Thema. Beim Betrieb der Forschungsanlage in Groß Schönebeck wurden Kupfer- und Bleieffekte im Bohrloch festgestellt. Die auftretenden Mechanismen und Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Ausfällungen und Abscheidungen wurden ebenso untersucht, wie deren mögliche Einflüsse auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit metallener Werkstoffe für Anlagenkomponenten. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Geothermalwässern und Ausrüstungskomponenten. T2 - 57. Kraftwerktechnisches Kolloquium CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 07.10.2025 KW - Örtliche Korrosion KW - Edelstahl KW - Ni-Legierungen KW - Geothermie KW - Abscheidung PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64323 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Kittner, Maria T1 - Entwicklung eines Konzeptes zur verbesserten Abbaubarkeit von Polymeren unter realitätsnahen Umweltbedingungen N2 - Das Ziel dieses Grundlagenforschungsprojektes war, die Abbaubarkeit syntheti-scher Polymere unter realitätsnahen Umweltbedingungen durch eine Mischung bzw. Blend eines Hydrolyse- mit einem Oxidations-empfindlichen Polymer zu verbessern, während er unter Nutzungsbedingungen stabil sein sollte. Die Arbeits-hypothese war, dass sich die Polymere gegenseitig in ihrem Abbau beschleunigen, wenn sie der alternierenden Wechselbeanspruchung aus UV-Strahlung und hydrolytischer Beanspruchung ausgesetzt sind. Hierfür wurden vier Blends aus Polylactid (PLA) und Polystyrol (PS) oder Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA) in unterschiedlichen Mischverhältnissen und Phasenstrukturen mittels additiver Fertigung hergestellt. Die Blends wurden über acht Wochen bei 45 °C mittels alternierender Wechselbeanspruchung aus je fünf Tagen UV-Bestrahlung und zwei Tagen hydrolytischer Beanspruchung beschleunigt gealtert. Für eine Basis-charakterisierung und als Vergleichsgrundlage wurden zusätzlich die Ausgangs-polymere PLA, PS und PMMA jeweils einzeln der hydrolytischen Beanspruchung, UV-Beanspruchung und alternierenden Wechselbeanspruchung unterzogen. Neben der Bestimmung der physiko-chemischen Effekte auf Prüfkörperoberflächen und Bulk wurden erstmalig auch die Wassermedien auf Mikroplastikgehalte und ökotoxikologische Wirkungen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse ergaben, dass reines PLA kaum degradierte, aber der PLA-Abbau sowohl durch Mischung mit PS als auch PMMA verstärkt wurde. Entgegen der Hypothese wurde dadurch allerdings sowohl die Degradation von PS als auch von PMMA gehemmt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich PS und PMMA im Blend mit PLA durch radikalische Depolymerisation abbauten und die dabei entstehenden Radikale die PLA-Hydrolyse beschleunigten, was wiederum den Abbau der PS- und PMMA-Phasen verlangsamte. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass bei dem PLA/PS-Schichtblend (PLA/PS-50) der höchste PS-Gehalt von 50 % den stärksten Effekt auf den PLA-Abbau hatte. Insgesamt war allerdings selbst in diesem Fall die PLA-Degradation nach achtwöchiger Beanspruchung als gering einzustufen. Der totale Masseverlust von PLA/PS-50 entsprach nach achtwöchiger Wechselbeanspruchung -2,6 ± 0,2 mg absolut bzw. ca. -1,5 ± 0,1 % der Prüfkörpermasse, wovon 0,001 % in partikuläres Mikroplastik fragmentierte (PLA: 0,2 – 2,7 μg/g; PS: 3,0 – 3,4 μg/g). Folglich war der größte Teil des Masseverlustes der Prüfkörper auf die Bildung gelöster und/oder gasförmiger Degradationsprodukte zurückzuführen. Ferner zeigten ökotoxikologische Untersuchungen der wechselbeanspruchten Wassermedien von PLA/PS-50 eine zunehmende Hemmung des Algenwachstums der Grünalge Desmodesmus subspicatus, die nach sechs Wochen Wechsel-beanspruchung zu 100 % Hemmung und nach acht Wochen zu einem Absterben der eingesetzten Algenzellen führte. Ergänzende Algenwachstumshemmungstests mit 2 Prüfkörpern der Ausgangspolymere PLA und PS zeigten, dass dies nicht auf der Bildung von partikulärem Mikroplastik, sondern gelösten PS-Degradations-produkten basierte, wie z. B. Benzaldehyd oder Benzoesäure. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass nur eine geringe Beschleunigung des PLA-Abbaus bei gleichzeitiger Hemmung des PS- bzw. PMMA-Abbaus stattfand - und das auch erst bei hohen PS- bzw. PMMA-Gehalten. Weiterführende Experimente zeigten, dass dies speziell für PS höchst bedenklich und nicht empfehlenswert ist, da es abhängig von der Konzentration der gelösten PS-Degradationsprodukte zu starken ökotoxikologischen Effekten kommen kann, die von der Hemmung des Algen-wachstums bis zum Algenabsterben reichen können. Folglich konnte die Arbeits-hypothese nur sehr eingeschränkt verifiziert werden und ist mit den hier untersuchten Polymeren als nicht zielführend einzuschätzen. KW - Polymer KW - Blend KW - Microplastik KW - Degradation KW - Umweltsimulation PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-609879 DO - https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-21006 SP - 1 EP - 109 PB - Depostit Once CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-60987 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Results of the Plastic in the environment comparative test N2 - The talk describes the sturcture and the results of the "plastics in the environment" comparative test of 2019. T2 - Symposium "Challenges of microplastic analysis – Bridging state of the art and policy needs” CY - Online meeting DA - 09.09.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - Comparative test KW - ILC PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53236 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Bier, F A1 - Solomun, Tihomir T1 - Biologische Konsequenzen einer nanoskaligen Energiedeposition: Fokussierung auf die Rolle niederenergetischer Elektronen T1 - Biological Consequence of Nanoscale Energy Deposition: Focusing on the Role of Low-Energy Electrons N2 - Bei der Behandlung von Krebs mittels Strahlentherapie sollen Tumorzellen abgetötet werden ohne das umliegende gesunde Gewebe zu zerstören. Um Strahlentherapien für Patienten verträglicher zu machen, ist ein besseres Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Prozesse auf der molekularen Ebene nötig. Dabei sind der Energieeintrag und die Streuprozesse der Strahlung in der Umgebung der DNA von besonderem Interesse. Durch Streuung von hochenergetischer Strahlung in Wasser werden besonders viele Sekundärelektronen mit niedriger Energie erzeugt. Zur Untersuchung der Schädigungseffizienz dieser Elektronen wurde ein Verfahren zur direkten Bestrahlung von Lösungen mittels Elektronen variabler Energien enwtickelt. Dies wurde durch einen neu entwickelten Probenhalter mit einer für Elektronen durchlässigen Nanomembran ermöglicht. Mit diesem können Bestrahlungen an DNA, Proteinen, und Zellen bei verschiedenen pH-Werten oder Salzkonzentrationen durchgeführt werden. Parallel dazu wurde der ortsabhängige Energieeintrag innerhalb des Wassers durch Elektronenstreusimulationen bestimmt. Diese neuartige Kombination von Experiment und Simulation ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Schaden-Dosis-Relation für Elektronenbestrahlung von biologischen Systemen unter realistischen physiologischen Bedingungen. So konnten für die genutzten Primärelektronen wie die mittlere letale Dosis, bei der 50 Prozent der DNA geschädigt sind, mit 1,7 Gy bestimmt. Ebenfalls wurde das für mikrodosimetrische Modellierungen und Betrachtungen der sogenannten Linear energy transfer (LET) Effekte, wichtige Verhältnis von DNA Einzelstrangbrüchen (SSB) zu Doppelstrangbrüchen (DSB) als SSB/DSB = 12/1 bestimmt. Mit Hilfe eines Modells für das Targetvolumen der DNA wurde der mittlere mikroskopische letale Energieeintrag berechnet als E1/2 = 6 ± 4 eV . Es wurde gefolgert, dass weniger als zwei Ionisationsprozesse im sensitiven Targetvolumen der DNA im Mittel zu einem Einzelstrangbruch führen. Diese Methode ist unabhängig von den Primärpartikel und geometrischen Bedingungen. Deshalb ermöglicht sie die Vergleichbarkeit experimenteller Systeme mit inhomogenen Energieverteilungen, welches sonst nicht gegeben ist. Des weiteren wurden die Strahlenschutzfunktionen des Zellschutzmoleküls Ectoines und sein Einfluss auf Wasser und Biomoleküle untersucht. Seine Schutzfunktion gegen ionisierende Strahlung wurde auf die Erhöhung des Streuquerschnitts niederenergetischer Elektronen und seine Eigenschaft als OH-Radikalfänger zurückgeführt. Aufbauend auf unseren Erkenntnissen finden in klinischen Arbeitsgruppen Untersuchungen zu Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Umfeld der Strahlentherapie statt. Projektkennung Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Projektnummer 245767821 N2 - To cure cancer radiation therapy is used to kill tumor cells. It is based on radiation induced damage to biomolecules. Here DNA damage is of key interest due to its central role in apoptosis and mutation. Because of the high amount of water in biological tissue, most of the damage is caused by the secondary particles produced by the inelastic scattering of ionizing radiation and water. A detailed understanding of the underlying molecular processes under physiological conditions is the prerequisite to develop more efficient the-rapies. Therefore irradiations have to be performed in liquid, under consideration of the chemical environment. To make it possible to irradiate liquids with electrons within scanning electron microscopes a new sample holder was constructed incorporating an electron transparent nanomembrane. It makes it possible to irradiate DNA, proteins or cells at different pH and salinity. The median lethal dose for a model system of plasmid DNA and water was determined by the combination of experimental data, particle scattering simulations (Geant4-DNA) and diffusion calculations as D1/2 = 1.7 ± 0.3 Gy. From the convolution of plasmid positions and the spatially resolved energy deposit, as determined by electron scattering simulations, the histogram of the energy deposit within the target volume of the plasmids and the microscopic median lethal energy deposit was calculated as E1/2 = 6 ± 4 eV . It could be deduced, that on average less than two ionization Events are sufficient to cause a single-strand-break. The relation of single-strand-breaks (SSB) to double-strand-breaks (DSB), which is of importance for microdosimetric modeling, was determined as SSB : DSB = 12 : 1. The presented method for the Determination of microscopic dose-damage relations was further extended to be applicable for General irradiation experiments. It is independent of the type of primary radiation used, the experimental geometry, and the diffusional properties of the molecules under investigation. This way different experimental systems with varying, inhomogeneous energy deposit characteristics become comparable with each other, which is not possible when only macroscopic averaged values are taken into account. In addition, the radiation protection properties of the compatible solute Ectoine was investigated. The protective properties of ectoine result from the increase of the inelastic scattering probabilities of low Energy electrons at the acoustic vibrational modes of water and its properties as OH-radical scavenger. Based on our results, further investigations are conducted to evaluate the application of Ectoine in the context of radiation therapy. Projektkennung Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Projektnummer 245767821 KW - Ectoin KW - Ectoine KW - DNS KW - DNA KW - Cancer therapy KW - DNA damage KW - DNA radiation damage KW - Dosimetry KW - DFG KW - Electron irradiation KW - Ectoine DNA interaction KW - Ectoine radiation protection KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - OH radicals KW - LEE KW - Low energy electrons KW - Microdosimetry KW - Radiation KW - Geant4 KW - Geant4-DNA KW - Radiation therapy KW - LET PY - 2021 UR - https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/245767821/ergebnisse?context=projekt&task=showDetail&id=245767821&selectedSubTab=2& SP - 1 EP - 14 AN - OPUS4-52389 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dinter, Adelina-Elisa T1 - Deciphering corrosion processes of MIC organisms - single cell-ICP-ToF-MS analysis of archaea on solid steels N2 - ICP-ToF (time of flight) MS enables the analysis of the multi-element fingerprint of single cells. The single cell ICP-ToF-MS is used in the presented poster for the analysis of archaea involved in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of steel. By means of sc-ICP-ToF-MS, the possible uptake of individual elements from the respective steel is investigated - the information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts. The work combines modern methods of analytical sciences with materials. T2 - SALSA - Make & Measure 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 16.09.2021 KW - Sc-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Single cell analysis KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Archaea KW - Poster presentation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Combined impact of UV radiation and nitric acid (HNO3) on HDPE jerrycans – comparison of outdoor and lab test N2 - A damaging action of HNO3-55% only occurs in combination with its decomposition into nitrous gases, which can be caused by UV radiation. In a laboratory test, transparent HDPE jerrycans have been exposed to both UV radiation and 55 wt-% nitric acid solution at (41 ± 2)°C, for up to 20 days. For comparison, UV radiant exposure (21 days) and nitric acid exposure (up to 6 weeks) were performed separately, at nearly equal temperatures. The respective damages are compared with FTIR spectroscopy in ATR and HT-gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on a molecular level and with hydraulic internal pressure testing as a component test. For the used jerrycans, relevant oxidation can only be found after the combined exposure. The gradual increase in oxidative damage shows the good reproducibility of the lab exposure. The decomposition of nitric acid into nitrous gases by UV radiation – as well as the jerrycan oxidation – is also observed at lower HNO3 concentration (28 wt- %). Similar results are obtained after outdoor tests. Again, the damage occurs only after combined exposure, in contrast to the exposures to UV only and to HNO3 only, which were conducted in parallel. Outdoor exposures are most readily accepted as they represent possible end-use conditions. However, the reproducibility of these exposures is poor due to the large temporal variations in weather. There are also several safety risks, which is why the number of replicates remains limited. Since the outdoor and lab exposure tests show the same qualitative results, it is appropriate to conduct systematic studies in the laboratory. After 6 days of lab exposure, the oxidation damage is rated as critical, which corresponds to about 1/10 year in Central Europe, according to the UV radiant exposure. It should be noted that this amount can also occur in two sunny weeks. T2 - 24th iapri World Packaging Conference CY - Valencia, Spain DA - 17.06.2024 KW - Ppolyethylene KW - UV exposure KW - Nitric acid KW - Oxidation PY - 2024 VL - 2 SP - 30 EP - 37 PB - ITENE AN - OPUS4-60414 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - de Eulate Pérez, Elisa García A1 - Wen, Keqing A1 - Voss, Heike A1 - Thiele, Dorothea A1 - Richter, Anja M. A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Escherichia coli repellence via laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on titanium: Critical role of biofilm-associated gene expression N2 - The inconsistency in the observed bacteria-repellent effects of laser-induced surface textures remains a subject of scientific debates. With E. coli TG1 as test strain, we performed biofilm formation assays on ultrashort pulse laser textured titanium. Samples covered with low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) of periods around 750 nm or with high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL) featuring smaller periods around 100 nm were processed on polished samples. While LSFL significantly reduce the number of adhering bacteria compared to the polished reference, HSFL do not. Simultaneously, we concentrate our study on bacterial strategies employed for biofilm formation, that is the transcription of the biofilm-associated genes csgB, involved in primary adhesion to a surface, and wza, participating in biofilm maturation. Promoter regions of these genes were cloned into a promotor probe plasmid with the green fluorescent protein GFP+ as reporter and transferred into the test strain. As indicated by the fluorescence intensity of the reporter protein, among the bacteria colonizing LSFL-covered areas, a markedly higher proportion of cells transcribing csgB or wza were detected, compared to the bacterial populations colonizing the polished or HSFL-covered areas. To our knowledge, this is the first study indicating that the antifouling effect of LSFL topographies can be counteracted when bacteria activate biofilm-associated genes. KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Titanium KW - Biofilm KW - Antifouling KW - Gene expression KW - Fluorescence microscopy PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655572 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166363 SN - 0169-4332 VL - 730 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-65557 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fortini, Renata A1 - Meyer-Plath, A. A1 - Kehren, D. A1 - Gernert, U. A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Measurement of flexural rigidity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by Dynamic Scanning Electron Microscopy N2 - In this work the flexural rigidity of individual large diameter multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated. The bending modulus were obtained by detecting the resonance frequencies of mechanically excited cantilevered carbon nanotubes using the so-called dynamic scanning electron microscopy technique, and applying the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. For the nanotubes studied, we determined a modulus of up to 160 GPa. This agrees with values reported by other authors for MWCNTs produced by catalytic chemical vapor deposition, however, it is 6-8 times smaller than values reported for single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes produced by arc-discharge synthesis. Toxicological studies with carbon nanotubes have been showing that inhaled airborne nanofibers that reach the deep airways of the respiratory system may lead to serious, asbestos-like lung diseases. These studies suggested that their toxicity critically depends on the fiber flexural rigidity, with high rigidity causing cell lesions. To complement the correlation between observed toxicological effects and fiber rigidities, reliable and routinely applicable measurement techniques for the flexural rigidity of nanofibers are required. KW - Flexural rigidity KW - Bending modulus KW - Resonance frequency KW - Carbon nanotubes KW - Fiber toxicology PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-514190 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/fib8050031 SN - 2079-6439 VL - 8 IS - 5 SP - 31 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-51419 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Update – Milling and weathering of granules N2 - The talk aims to describe the production of microplastic particles as test material and the additional weathering for aged particles. T2 - PlasticsFate meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 12.11.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - Cryo milling KW - Aged particles PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53737 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mezera, Marek T1 - Influence of the pulse repetition rate on the chemical and morphological properties of laser generated surface structures N2 - Inter-pulse accumulation of heat could affect the chemical and morphological properties of the laser processed material surface. Hence, the laser pulse repetition rate may restrict the processing parameters for specific laser-induced surface structures. In this study, the evolution of various types of laser-induced micro- and nanostructures at various laser fluence levels, effective number of pulses and at different pulse repetition rates (1 – 400 kHz) are studied for common metals/alloys (e.g. steel or titanium alloy) irradiated by near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses (925 fs, 1030 nm) in air environment. The processed surfaces were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy (OM, SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) as well as time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The results show that not only the surface morphology could change at different laser pulse repetition rates and comparable laser fluence levels and effective number of pulses, but also the surface chemistry is altered. Consequences for medical applications are outlined. T2 - European Materials Research Society Spring 2021 Meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 31.05.2021 KW - Laser-induced pariodic surface structures KW - LIPSS PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52778 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - INPR A1 - Devi, Sarita A1 - Riedel, Soraya A1 - Döring, Sarah A1 - Hiller, Lukas A1 - Flemig, Sabine A1 - Singh, Chandan A1 - Konthur, Zoltán A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Antibodies Functionalized Magnetic Fe-Metal-Organic Framework Based Biosensor for Electrochemical Detection of Tetanus NeuroToxin N2 - This work presents a MOF-integrated microfluidic flow-cell based immunodetection of the tetanus toxoid (TT) using electrochemical technique for the first time. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination polymers, and composed of a metal center and organic linkers. Several synthesis methods have been reported to achieve the desired properties in MOFs. In this work, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of a magnetic and conductive iron-based MOF (Fe-MOF) which was utilized to develop a biosensor in conjugation with the human monoclonal antibody SA13 against TT (anti-TT mAb) for the detection of the tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT). The one-pot synthesis of this magnetic and conductive Fe-MOF was performed in a hydrothermal reactor (108℃) using the Fe3+/Fe2+ precursors as 1.2/1 mmol and dual ligands, i.e., tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid. The Fe-MOF was characterized using XRD, DLS, FTIR, and electron microscopy. The Fe-MOF was further conjugated with L-phenylalanine (pH 8.6) to increase the electric conductivity of the Fe-MOF (Fe-MOF/Phe) on the screen-printed gold electrode as studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The anti-TT mAb was conjugated on the Fe-MOF/Phe surface with the help of ethylenediamine (Fe-MOF/Phe/EDA/anti-TT mAb) delivered good binding affinity for the TT antigen revealing the applicability of this biosensor for TT detection by CV. The limit of detection of the Fe-MOF/Phe/EDA/anti-TT mAb-based biosensor for TT was 9.4 ng/ml in spiked buffer. There is negligible cross-reactivity in the presence of bovine serum albumin. This study shows the applicability of magnetic MOFs in the detection of various other microbial toxins or other biomolecules. KW - Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework KW - Tetanus toxoid KW - L-phenylalanine KW - Antibody KW - Label-free detection KW - Electrochemical immunosensor PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4935745 SP - 1 EP - 48 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-62196 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Overview of CUSP and PlasticTrace N2 - The presentation summarises the work of CUSP and PlasticTrace EU joint research projects of the last year. T2 - Microplastics Scientific Workshop of PlasticsEurope CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 08.05.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Microplastics standardisation KW - Reference materials KW - Polymer 3R PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Bacterial adhesion on ultrashort pulse laser processed surfaces ― more than size matters! N2 - Bacterial biofilms are aggregates of bacterial cells, often attached to a surface and enclosed by a self-produced extracellular matrix which confers increased stress tolerance and resistance to cleaning. Biofilm formation leads to biofouling which gives rise to high costs in numerous technical settings due to biocorrosion and biodegradation. However, biofilms can also be attractive for industrial settings such as wastewater treatment systems or for soil bioremediation processes. Hence, the control of bacterial adhesion to a surface is of major concern. Surface topography strongly influences bacterial adhesion. Therefore, one promising way to achieve bacteria-guiding surfaces lies in the contactless and aseptic large-area laser processing of technical surfaces. We used short and ultrashort pulsed laser systems to generate different surface textures, mainly high-spatial-frequency and low-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (HFSL and LFSL), on Ti, Ti-alloy, steel, and polymers (PET and PE). Pristine (polished) and laser processed samples were subjected to bacterial adhesion experiments with two different Escherichia coli strains and Staphylococcus aureus as test organisms. The bacterial strains differed in their cell wall structure (grampositive vs. gramnegative strains), in size, shape, the occurrence of cell appendages, and in their biofilm forming capabilities. Adhesion patterns were analyzed microscopically and compared regarding the respective test strain and surface topography. Our results revealed that adhesion behavior strongly depends not only on the material’s topography and chemistry, but also on the specific bacterial strain, the presence of cell appendages, and ambient growth conditions. T2 - 13th International Conference on Photoexcited Processes and Applications, ICPEPA-13 CY - Lecce, Italy DA - 14.09.2025 KW - Biofilm KW - Bacterial adhesion KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Ultrashort laser pulses PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64166 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Challenges in microplastics standardisation N2 - This talk addresses the challanges in microplastic analytics. It shows the need of standards, analytics and reference materials for accurate and reliable measurements. It explains the state of the art for referenence materials in this field and their problems. A solution is presented with PET tablets. The urgent need of harmonisation it also emphasised. T2 - MARII Summit CY - Madrid, Spain DA - 15.10.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Reference materials PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64488 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stawski, Tomasz T1 - Solution-driven processing of calcium sulfate: the mechanism of the reversible transformation of gypsum to bassanite in brines N2 - Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4ᐧ0.5H2O), also known as bassanite, has been used as a precursor to produce gypsum (dihydrate, CaSO4ᐧ2H2O) for various construction and decorative purposes since prehistoric times. The main route to obtain hemihydrate is a thermal treatment of gypsum at temperatures typically between 150 °C and 200 °C to remove some of the structural water. In this contribution, we introduce (Fig. 1) a more efficient and sustainable method (T < 100 °C) that enables the direct, rapid, and reversibly conversion of gypsum to bassanite using reusable high salinity aqueous solutions (brines with c[NaCl] > 4 M). The optimum conditions for the efficientproduction of bassanite in a short time (< 5 min) involve the use of brines with c(NaCl) > 4 M and maintaining a temperature, T > 80 °C. When the solution containing bassanite crystals is cooled down to around room temperature, eventually gypsum is formed. When the temperature is raised again to T > 80 °C, bassanite is rapidly re-precipitated. This contrasts with the typical behaviour of the bassanite phase in low salt environments. Traditionally, hemihydrate is obtained through a solid state thermal treatment because bassanite is considered to be metastable with respect to gypsum and anhydrite in aqueous solutions, and therefore gypsum-to-bassanite conversion should not occur in water. Its very occurrence actually contradicts numerical thermodynamic predictions regarding solubility of calcium sulfate phases. By following the evolution of crystalline phases with in situ and time-resolved X-ray diffraction/scattering and Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the phase stability in brines at elevated temperatures is inaccurately represented in the thermodynamic databases. Most notably for c(NaCl) > 4 M, and T > 80 °C gypsum becomes readily more soluble than bassanite, which induces the direct precipitation of the latter from gypsum. The fact that these transformations are controlled by the solution provides extensive opportunities for precise manipulation of crystal formation. Our experiments confirmed that bassanite remained the sole crystalline structure for many hours before reverting into gypsum. This property is extremely advantageous for practical processing and efficient crystal extraction in industrial scenarios. T2 - Granada Münster Discussion Meeting GMDM 10 CY - Münster, Germany DA - 29.11.2023 KW - Gypsum KW - Bassanite KW - Calcium sulfate KW - Recycling KW - Scattering PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59162 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schusterbauer, Robert A1 - Schünemann, Pia A1 - Nickl, Philip A1 - Er, Jasmin A1 - Kämmer, Victoria A1 - Junge, Florian A1 - Fazzani, Salim A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Haag, Rainer A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen T1 - Bifunctional Reduced Graphene Oxide Derivatives for PFOA Adsorption N2 - Innovative materials are crucial for removing persistent pollutants per‐ and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) from water. Here, a novel bifunctional reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) adsorbent is developed and characterized by advanced surface sensitive methods. Compared to pristine TRGO, the functionalized TRGO shows markedly improved PFAS removal efficiency and demonstrates strong potential for water purification applications. KW - Adsorber KW - PFAS KW - HR-CS-GFMAS PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-651238 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceur.202500240 SN - 2751-4765 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-65123 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Beskers, Timo. F. A1 - Myxa, Anett A1 - Pursch, Matthias T1 - Round-robin test for size exclusion chromatography – Data summary N2 - Size exclusion chromatography (SEC or GPC) is one critical component of polymer analysis to meet the increasing requirements in regulatory context – namely, determination of Mn, as well as oligomers of less than 500 g mol-1 and 1000 g mol-1. The underlying test methods (OECD 118/119 and DIN EN ISO 13885 1 to 3) provide a framework for SEC measurements; however, they lack sufficient specificity to obtain accurate results. Previous SEC round robin tests were mostly performed on homopolymers and did not collect data on oligomer contents. A new round robin test was initiated and conceptualized within the Task force “Method Evaluation for Polymer REACh (MeEP)”, an initiative of “Industrieforum Analytik” within the German Chemical Society (GDCh). Samples for this study were selected to represent both easy benchmark polymers as well as real-life, industry-relevant polymer materials. Data collection focused on the regulatory requirements. Distribution of samples, gathering of individual results and evaluation were carried out by BAM. A data summary as initial result is reported here. Further evaluation and interpretation are a part of ongoing research. KW - Size exclusion chromatography KW - Polymers KW - Oligomer content KW - Round-robin test PY - 2026 DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-65587 SP - 1 EP - 84 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-65587 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Goedecke, Caroline A1 - Bannick, C.-G. A1 - Abusafia, A. A1 - Scheid, C. A1 - Steinmetz, H. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Beleites, C. A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Identification of microplastic pathways within a typical European urban wastewater system N2 - In recent years, thermoextraction/desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) has been developed as a rapid detection method for the determination of microplastics (MP) mass contents in numerous environmentally relevant matrices and, in particular, for the measurement of polymers in water samples without time-consuming sample preparation. The TED-GC/MS method was applied to investigate a typical European municipal wastewater system for possible MP masses. Such investigations are important in view of the recent revision of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive. Four different representative sampling sites were selected: greywater (domestic wastewater without toilet), combined sewer, and influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). All samples were collected by fractional filtration. Filtration was carried out over mesh sizes of 500, 100, 50, and in some cases, 5 µm. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were detected in all samples, with the PE fraction dominating in all cases. Styrene-butadiene rubber which serves as an indication of tire abrasion, was only found in the influent of the WWTP. The highest MP mass contents were found in the combined sewer, so MP can become a source of pollution during heavy rain events when the capacity limits of the effluent are reached, and the polluted effluent is released uncontrolled into the environment. Based on the studies, MP retention from the WWTP could be estimated to be approximately 96%. Few trends in polymer type or mass contents were detected within the different fractions of the samples or when comparing samples to each other. KW - Microplastics KW - Microplastic analysis KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Microplastic pathways KW - Mass contents PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568289 DO - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1002/appl.202200078 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-56828 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Monitoring von Mikroplastik N2 - Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick was bei der Analyse von Mikroplastik zu beachten ist und beschreibt die Vor- und Nachteile der TED-GC/MS. T2 - Abschlusstreffen MikroPlaTas CY - Online meeting DA - 23.06.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52916 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fink, Friedrich A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - From bench to mini – Classification of technical lignins with NIR N2 - Lignin, a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, is the second most abundant biopolymer but remains underutilized due to its complex structure and variability in biomass origin. Classification based on biomass source is crucial for quality assurance and application predictability. This study employs near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to classify technical lignins from softwoods, hardwoods, straw, and grasses. Machine learning models (ML), including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Gaussian Process Classification (GPC), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), and Decision Tree Classification (DTC), were developed using spectral preprocessing and principle component analysis (PCA). The models were compared with spectra from handheld and compact spectrometers. Results highlight the potential of NIR spectroscopy and machine learning to enable rapid, reliable lignin classification, paving the way for improved industrial utilization of this abundant resource. T2 - 11th International Symposium on the Separation and Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 21.01.2025 KW - Lignin KW - Classification KW - Near infrared spectroscopy PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62531 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Challenges of SEC and the necessity of round robin tests N2 - Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is still the method of choice for determining the molar mass and molar mass distribution of macromolecules. It is a liquid chromatographic technique that separates molecules based on their size, respectively their hydrodynamic volume using a porous stationary phase that allows smaller molecules to pass through the pores while excluding larger molecules. The chromatogram from the size separation can be calibrated using polymers of known molar mass resulting in a relative molar mass distribution curve. From this distribution curve molar mass averages and the oligomer content (percentage of peak area smaller than 1000 g/mol and 500 g/mol) of polymers can be derived. The determination of oligomer content is important, because it is often used in regulatory contexts as a measure of small, mobile and potentially more toxic parts of the polymer. Polymer regulations are of increasing political and societal importance. Regulations often strive for narrow limits. But SEC has rather large error margins of 10-20% for the molar mass determination performed in different laboratories or on different instruments. These variances are well known to all experts and users and have been investigated in several round robin tests in the past. These resulted in DIN and ISO standards which, in our opinion, no longer meet today's requirements. Gaps have been identified that require further harmonization. Different polymer types or classes require different methods. On the other hand, as far as we know, the margins of error in determining oligomer content have not yet been investigated. It is expected that the variation will be rather high. This is because it depends on many factors related to the experimental conditions (column sets used, solvent, temperatures, sample preparation) on the one hand, and the data evaluation mechanisms (choice of baseline and peak limits) on the other. In order to actually measure the error margins and to support this with actual data a round robin test has been performed from June to November 2024 with approx. 40 participating laboratories. Three different solvents were selected, namely THF, DMAc or DMF and water. The samples were selected taking into account a wide range of practical aspects far from narrowly distributed standards: e.g higher distribution range, reduced solubility, included side components, copolymers and dispersions with gel content. In this contribution we will present the detailed concept of this round robin test and first impressions. T2 - 11th International Symposium on the Separation and Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands DA - 21.01.2025 KW - Size exclusion chromatography KW - Round robin tests PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62533 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kittner, Maria T1 - Assessment of Microplastic Emissions from Artificial Turf Sports Pitches N2 - Following the recommendation of the European Chemicals Agency, on 25 September 2023 the European Commission passed a comprehensive new regulation to reduce emissions of microplastics (MP) into the environment, which includes the sale and use of intentionally added MP.1,2 This also applies to the application of synthetic rubber granulate infill in artificial turf systems and will ultimately have an impact on recreational sports. In Germany, rubber granulate made of ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber (EPDM) is currently predominantly used. So far, there is no sufficient database for estimating MP emissions from artificial turf pitches into the environment and thus their relevance as a source of MP pollution.3 This topic is controversially discussed due to the complexity of sampling and analytics. To close this research gap, this project has the goal to determine mass balances for the emissions of MP from artificial turf pitches to allow an estimation of the amount of MP released per artificial turf pitch and year. Within this study, MP emissions of three artificial turf scenarios at different time states (unaged, artificially aged and real-time aged) are compared: the past (old turf: fossil based, synthetic infill), present (most commonly installed in Europe: fossil based, EPDM infill), and the future (turf with recycled gras fibres, no synthetic infill). To simulate the outdoor weathering during the lifespan of an artificial turf of approx. 15 years, brand-new artificial turf and EPDM rubber granulate were accelerated aged by means of UV weathering and mechanical stress. Potential MP emissions into surface and groundwater are simulated by lysimeter and shake experiments. MP mass contents are subsequently determined by Thermal Extraction Desorption Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Using special microfilter crucibles allows the estimation of the particle sizes of the emitted MP, which is a fundamental requirement for an assessment of potential health hazards for humans. T2 - SETAC 2024 CY - Seville, Spain DA - 05.05.2024 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Lysimeter KW - PAK KW - Schwermetalle PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60014 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Wessen Problem ist Mikroplastik eigentlich? N2 - In den letzten 20 Jahren ist die Aufmerksamkeit vieler Forschender sowie der Politik und der Bürger selbst auf ein wachsendes Kunststoffproblem unserer Zeit stark gestiegen. Mangelnde Wertstoffkonzepte, Sammelstellen und unbedachtes Einbringen von Kunststoffprodukten in die Umwelt führen dort zu einer Anreicherung. Durch äußere Witterungseinflüsse können diese Produkte degradieren und fraktionieren, so dass heute in allen Teilen der Welt Mikroplastik (1-1000 µm, ISO/TR 21960:2020) unterschiedlicher Polymermaterialien nachgewiesen werden kann. Bei Mikroplastik gilt das Vorsorgeprinzip. Die Partikel können weiter zerfallen in Nanoplastik (< 1 µm, ISO/TR 21960:2020). Ob eine toxikologische Gefährdung von Mikro- oder Nanoplastik ausgeht, wird vielfältig untersucht. Bisher stehen valide Ergebnisse aus. Untersuchungen zur Häufigkeit, dem Transport und möglicher Senken und Eintragspfade muss aber Rechenschafft getragen werden, so dass ein Monitoring von Mikroplastik bereits in der Revision der Trinkwasserrahmen-Richtlinie und der Abwasserrahmen-Richtlinie gefordert wird. Bedenklich ist auch die Verordnung über Mindestanforderungen an die Wasserwiederverwendung (2020/741), in welcher nicht verbindlich gesagt wird, Wasser welcher Reinigungsstufe eines Klärwerks auf die Felder zur Wiederverwendung aufgebracht werden darf. Einer Regulierung über die EU-Plastikstrategie hinaus mit z.B. Verboten für Einwegplastik-Produkte und Rezyklingquoten kann nur entgegengewirkt werden, wenn valide Messmethoden, Referenzmaterialien und Standards existieren, die das tatsächliche Ausmaß von Mikroplastik-Konzentrationen in Luft, Wasser, Boden und Biota zuverlässig und genau aufzeigen. T2 - Technomer CY - Chemnitz, Germany DA - 06.11.2025 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Referenzmaterial KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64618 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dailey, L. A. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Ćirković Veličković, Tanja T1 - Exposition und Detektionstechniken: Der Weg zur Harmonisierung N2 - Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über Erkenntnisse der WG 1 und WG 3 des CUSP Clusters der Horizon Europe Projekte von Mikroplastik (2020-2025). Die Frage ist wie hoch ist die Exposition und ist das dann eine gesundheitliche Gefahr. Diskutiert werden Mechanismen, die helfen richtig und genau zu messen, z.B. Prozesskontrollen oder Referenzmaterialien. Es wird ein Weg zu mehr Harmonisierung im Bereich der Mikroplastik-Analytik aufgezeigt. T2 - Mikroplastik – Was wissen wir heute? BfR-Forum Verbraucherschutz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.12.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Reference materials KW - Harmonisation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65330 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Textile Fibers as Reference Materials for Microplastic Release N2 - Fibers of textile origin are named as high contributor for microplastic pollution in the environment next to e.g. plastics from packaging, tire wear and paints. Small fibers and fragments (microplastics: 1-1000 µm) can be released from textiles by mechanical abrasion during application (e.g. wearing) or washing. To date, the occurrence, transport pathways, and impacts of such small fibers on the environment and human health remain unclear. The European Commission revised the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/3019) and made monitoring of microplastics mandatory in the next years. Additionally, standards for microplastic detection are developed in the ISO standardization body ISO/TC 147/SC 2 with the documents ISO/DIS 16094-2 and ISO/DIS 16094-3. Detection mainly occurs by thermoanalytical methods for mass or vibrational methods with microscopes for numbers. Such standards and regulatory efforts need validated methods, which themselves need reference materials for validation. Reference materials are well characterized materials that are produced for a specific purpose and are homogeneous and stable within one property of interest. The shape and the composition of the reference particles/fibers will affect the detection, hence it is important to validate the instruments with fibers, if this is the task for monitoring campaigns. This work describes the production of realistic fibers as reference material for microplastic analysis. The individual samples contain of a small number (< 1000) and mass (< 20 µm) of fibres. Homogeneity and stability control occurred by thermogravimetric analysis and µ-Raman. Further characteristics were determined for type, shape and size distribution. T2 - TEXTEH CY - Bucharest, Romania DA - 23.10.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Reference materials KW - Microfibers KW - Microfiber release PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64620 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Production of reference materials using a quality by design approach N2 - Accurate analysis of microplastics is based on validated methods and the use of standardized protocols. Therefore, reference materials are essential to determine recovery rates and optimise the existing workflows. The reference materials should mimic the reality in terms of particle properties and concentration and are intended for a special use. The Quality-by-Design approach helps to select the users need and defines a target product profile with mandatory and desired particle properties. We will address different reference material top-down production processes with their limits and challenges for production of materials varying in size ranges of micro- and nanoplastics. T2 - OECD Workshop on Nanoplastics CY - Paris, France DA - 12.11.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Reference materials KW - Nanoplastics KW - Quality-by-Design PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute T1 - Assessment of Microplastic and Contaminant Emissions from Artificial Turf Sports Pitches N2 - Due to their advantages over natural gras, artificial turf sports pitches are well established in popular sports and their number is increasing every year. This raises questions about potential pollutant emissions and possible risks to the environment due to its transfer to soil and groundwater. The main sources of emissions are the rubber infill granules and the abrasion of grass fibers. While estimates on the transfer of pollutants to the soil are already available, there is still insufficient data on the discharge of microplastics from artificial turf systems and thus on the assessment of its relevance for the soil. To close this gap, the pollutant emissions of three artificial turf scenarios - past (fossil-based, rubber infill), present (most frequently installed in Germany, rubber infill) and future (turf with recycled grass fibers, no rubber infill) - were compared in different ageing states (unaged, accelerated, and real time aged). Accelerated ageing consisting of UV weathering and mechanical stress was applied to simulate the outdoor weathering of turf systems during their service life span of approx. 15 years. Emissions of microplastics and environmentally relevant pollutants were sampled simultaneously using newly developed, innovative lysimeters. The microplastics contents were determined using Thermal Extraction-Desorption Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (TED-GC/MS). In addition, the concentrations of PAH and heavy metals were determined. T2 - Jahrestag der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft CY - Tübingen, Germany DA - 14.09.2025 KW - Artificial Turf KW - Microplastics KW - Contaminants PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65022 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dudziak, Mateusz A1 - Riechers, Birte A1 - Maaß, Robert A1 - Michalchuk, Adam A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Beyond conventional calorimetry: Unlocking thermal characterization with fast scanning techniques N2 - Fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) has emerged as a transformative technique in thermal analysis, enabling the investigation of rapid and kinetically driven thermal transitions that are inaccessible to conventional differential scanning calorimetry. This review highlights the capabilities enabled by FSC for studying a wide range of materials under extreme thermal conditions, including polymers, pharmaceuticals, metallic glasses, nanocomposites, and hydrogels. By employing ultrafast heating and cooling rates, FSC allows for the suppression of crystallization, resolution of weak transitions, and analysis of thermally labile or size-limited samples. The technique is particularly valuable for probing glass transitions, relaxation phenomena, and phase behavior in systems with complex morphologies or confined geometries. Case studies demonstrate the use of FSC in characterizing vitrification, physical aging, and interfacial dynamics, as well as its application in emerging fields such as additive manufacturing, supramolecular systems, and neuromorphic materials. Together, these examples underscore the role that FSC plays in advancing the understanding of structure-property relationships across diverse material classes. KW - Flash DSC KW - Calorimetry KW - Glass transition PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-647405 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2025.180177 VL - 754 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-64740 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kittner, Maria A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Hamann, Sven A1 - Weyer, Rüdiger A1 - Kalbe, Ute T1 - Bewertung der Freisetzung von Mikroplastik aus Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis - Abschlussbericht N2 - Die Europäische Kommission hat 2023 ein Verbot zum bewussten Austrag von Mikroplastik (MP) in die Umwelt beschlossen, das auch für die Verwendung von synthetischen Gummi-Granulaten (v. a. EPDM) in Sportböden gilt. In Deutschland gibt es laut DFB ca. 5100 Kunstrasenplätze. In der EU beläuft sich die Anzahl laut ECHA auf 13,000 Kunstrasen- und 47,000 Bolzplätze, Tendenz steigend. Das Hauptziel des Projektes war es daher, eine Massenbilanz für die Freisetzung von MP zu erstellen, um so eine Schätzung des MP-Austrags pro Kunstrasenplatz und Jahr zu ermöglichen. Dafür werden die MP-Emissionen von drei Kunstrasenszenarien in verschiedenen Zuständen (ungealtert, künstlich gealtert und in Echtzeit gealtert) verglichen: die Vergangenheit (Kunstrasen: fossilbasiert, EPDM-Füllung), die Gegenwart (der in Europa am häufigsten installierte Rasen) und die Zukunft (Rasen mit recycelten Grasfasern, keine synthetische Füllung sondern z.B. Quarzsand oder Korkschrott). Dazu werden fabrikneue Kunststoffrasen und EPDM-Granulat unter Laborbedingungen beschleunigt gealtert, um die Freiland-Beanspruchung eines Kunststoffrasens in circa 15 Jahren abzubilden. Die Verwendung spezieller Mikrofiltertiegel in Lysimeter-Experimenten ermöglicht die Abschätzung der Partikelgrößen des emittierten MP, was eine Grundbedingung für die Bewertung einer potenziellen Gesundheitsgefährdung für Menschen ist. Ergänzend wurden weitere umweltrelevante Schadstoffausträge aus den Kunststoffrasen quantifiziert. KW - Mikroplastik KW - Kunststoffrasen KW - Schadstoffe KW - Bewitterung KW - Lysimeter PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-633114 DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-63311 N1 - Das Projekt wurde gefördert vom Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung (BBSR) im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wohnen, Stadtentwicklung und Bauwesen (BMWSB) aus Mitteln des Innovationsprogramms Zukunft Bau. Aktenzeichen: FKZ 10.08.18.7-22.02. Projektlaufzeit: 09.2022 bis 03.2025. SP - 1 EP - 75 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-63311 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Emmerling, Franziska ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Exploring new materials for Green Intelligent Building - How can our BAMline help? N2 - In the scope of exploring and characterizing new materials related to Green Intelligent Building (GIB), we will provide an overview of the X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction analytical methods available at the BAMline /1/. and Myspot beamlines. These are two universal beamlines at the Berlin Synchrotron BESSY-II, where BAM has access and supervision role. Overarching electronic and structural properties at different time and length scales, such measurements enable a real-time characterization of materials properties. We will show-case in situ and ex situ deterioration and hydration studies on cement-based constructure materials. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - BAMline KW - Scope of exploring KW - Green intelligent building PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612882 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 30 EP - 36 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiesner, Yosri T1 - Microplastics in composts - Identification and quantification of microplastic contents using a thermal decomposition method N2 - The ubiquitous presence of unintended plastics in the environment has been an issue in scientific studies and public debate. Recent studies on MP findings are focused mainly on aquatic systems, while little is known about MP in terrestrial ecosystems. Fermentation residues, sewage sludge and compost are secondary raw material fertilizers and represent a possible input path of plastics in soils. Soils are final sinks for micro plastics. In this context, samples were taken in a combined fermentation and composting plant in Germany to get real compost samples which were investigated. Existing regulations include requirements for total contents of plastics in combination with visual determination methods. In order to avoid possible underdeterminations, precise detection methods should be used in the future from a scientific point of view. For this reason, the use of thermoanalytical detection is an appropriate way. Spectroscopic methods such as Raman or FTIR are not suitable for determining the mass content of microplastic, as these output a particle number. In Germany, compost is a potential vector for MP in soil due to its use as fertilizer. Therefore, we show the application of TThermoExtractionDesorption-GasChromatography-MassSpectrometry (TED-GC-MS) as a fast, integral analytical technique, which in contrast to the spectroscopic methods does not measure the number of particles but a mass content. In a nitrogen atmosphere the sample is pyrolyzed to 600 °C and an excerpt of the pyrolysis gases is collected on a solid phase adsorber. Afterwards, the decomposition gases are desorbed and measured in a GC-MS system. Characteristic pyrolysis products of each polymer can be used to identify the polymer type and determine the mass contents in the present sample. For the first time the work represents a routine procedure for the determination of plastics in composts and fermentation residues. This current study will also give inside in various important aspects of sample preparation, which include a meaningful size fractionation, a necessary density separation regarding the removal of inorganic contents and at finally a homogenization. T2 - SETAC Copenhagen – SETAC Europe 32nd Annual Meeting CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 15.05.2022 KW - Microplastics KW - Soil KW - Pathway KW - Detection PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56293 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann, D. A1 - Saal, L. A1 - Zietschmann, F. A1 - Mai, M. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Al-Sabbagh, Dominik A1 - Schuhmann, P. A1 - Ruhl, A. A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Characterization of activated carbons for water treatment using TGA‑FTIR for analysis of oxygen‑containing functional groups N2 - Water treatment with activated carbon (AC) is an established method for the removal of organic micropollutants and natu ral organic matter. However, it is not yet possible to predict the removal of individual pollutants. An appropriate material characterization, matching adsorption processes in water, might be the missing piece in the puzzle. To this end, this study examined 25 diferent commercially available ACs to evaluate their material properties. Frequently reported analyses, including N2 adsorption/desorption, CHNS(O), point of zero charge (PZC) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were conducted on a selected subset of powdered ACs. Inorganic elements examined using X-ray fuorescence and X-ray difraction spectroscopy revealed that relative elemental contents were distinctive to the individual AC’s raw material and activation procedure. This study also is the frst to use thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to conduct quantitative analyses of functional surface oxygen groups (SOGs: carboxylic acid, anhydride, lactone, phenol, carbonyl, and pyrone groups) on such a large number of ACs. The comparably economical TGA method was found to provide good surrogates for the PZC by pyrolytic mass loss up to 600 ◦C (ML600), for the oxygen content by ML1000 and for the carbon content by oxidation. Mass loss profles depict the AC’s chemistry like fngerprints. Furthermore, we found that SOG contents determined by TGA-FTIR covered a wide individual range and depended on the raw material and production process of the AC. TGA and TGA-FTIR might therefore be used to identify the suitability of a particular AC for a variety of target substances in diferent target waters. This can help practitioners to control AC use in waterworks or wastewater treatment plants. KW - Adsorbtion KW - Organic contaminants KW - Temperature-programmed desorption KW - Proximate analysis KW - Principal component analysis PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555506 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01723-2 SN - 2190-5495 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abusafia, A. A1 - Scheid, C. A1 - Meurer, Maren A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Dittmer, U. A1 - Steinmetz, H. T1 - Microplastic sampling strategies in urban drainage systems for quantification of urban emissions based on transport pathways N2 - Tracking waterborne microplastic (MP) in urban areas is a challenging task because of the various sources and transport pathways involved. Since MP occurs in low concentrations in most wastewater and stormwater streams, large sample volumes need to be captured, prepared, and carefully analyzed. The recent research in urban areas focused mainly on MP emissions at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), as obvious entry points into receiving waters. However, important transport pathways under wet-weather conditions are yet not been investigated thoroughly. In addition, the lack of comprehensive and comparable sampling strategies complicated the attempts for a deeper understanding of occurrence and sources. The goal of this paper is to (i) introduce and describe sampling strategies for MP at different locations in a municipal catchment area under dry and wet-weather conditions, (ii) quantify MP emissions from the entire catchment and two other smaller ones within the bigger catchment, and (iii) compare the emissions under dry and wet-weather conditions. WWTP has a high removal rate of MP (>96%), with an estimated emission rate of 189 kg/a or 0.94 g/[population equivalents (PEQ · a)], and polyethylene (PE) as the most abundant MP. The specific dry-weather emissions at a subcatchment were ≈30 g/(PEQ · a) higher than in the influent of WWTP with 23 g/(PEQ · a). Specific wet-weather emissions from large sub-catchment with higher traffic and population densities were 1952 g/(ha · a) higher than the emissions from smaller catchment (796 g/[ha · a]) with less population and traffic. The results suggest that wet-weather transport pathways are likely responsible for 2–4 times more MP emissions into receiving waters compared to dry-weather ones due to tire abrasion entered from streets through gullies. However, more investigations of wet-weather MP need to be carried out considering additional catchment attributes and storm event characteristics. KW - Combined sewer system KW - Large volume samplers KW - Microplastic pollution KW - Separate sewer system KW - Stormwater retention tank PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568271 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202200056 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-56827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goedecke, C. A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Elert, Anna Maria A1 - Bannick, C. G. A1 - Ricking, M. A1 - Obermaier, N. A1 - Barthel, A.-K. A1 - Schmitt, T. A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Development of a routine screening method for the microplastic mass content in a wastewater treatment plant effluent N2 - An investigation of microplastic (MP) occurrence in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent with tertiary treatment was carried out. Representative sample volumes of 1 m3 were taken by applying a fractionated filtration method (500, 100, and 50 µm mesh sizes). The detection of MP mass fractions by thermal extraction desorption–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) was achieved without the previously required additional sample pretreatment for the first time. Different types of quantification methods for the evaluation of TED-GC/MS data were tested, and their accuracy and feasibility have been proven for real samples. Polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene were identified in effluent samples. The polymer mass content varied significantly between 5 and 50 mg m−3. A correlation between the MP load and the quantity of suspended matter in the WWTP effluents, particle size distribution, particle type, and operation day (i.e., weekday, season, and capacity) was not found. It can be concluded that a meaningful assessment of WWTPs requires a comprehensive sampling campaign with varying operation conditions. KW - Microplastic KW - Waste water treatment KW - Thermoanalytics PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550862 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvc.2022.844633 SN - 2673-4486 VL - 3 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-55086 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kittner, Maria A1 - Bauer, Vanessa A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Kraft, Oliver A1 - Nordmann, Thomas A1 - Kalbe, Ute T1 - Mikroplastik-Austrage aus Kunststoffrasenplatzen ins Grundwasser N2 - Sportplätze aus Kunststoffrasen haben sich im Breitensport etabliert, weshalb ihre Anzahl jährlich zunimmt. Dabei werden Umwelt- und Gesundheitsrisiken, insbesondere durch Mikroplastik-Austräge, kontrovers diskutiert. Um die ungenügende Datenlage zur Menge des Austrages an Mikroplastik zu verbessern, haben sich zwei individuelle Studien mit dieser Forschungsfrage mit Fokus auf den Boden-Grundwasser-Pfad befasst, deren Ergebnisse hier erstmalig gemeinsam vorgestellt werden. Die erste Studie simulierte unter Laborbedingungen Mikroplastik-Emissionen von drei Kunststoffrasen-Szenarien in unterschiedlichen Alterungszuständen und analysierte thermoanalytisch. Die zweite Studie untersuchte Grundwasser-Proben von zwei Realsportplätzen, die 1 m unter dem Grundwasserspiegel entnommen und spektroskopisch untersucht wurden. Dies ermöglicht erstmalig einen Vergleich von Mikroplastik-Austrägen über das Sickerwasser in verschiedenen Bodentiefen. Die Labor-Ergebnisse ergaben je nach Alterungszustand des Kunststoffrasenplatzes Mikroplastik-Emissionen zwischen < 0,1 μg/L und 26,8 μg/L in 30 cm Bodentiefe. Wohingegen in den Grundwasser-Proben der Realsportplätze ab 4 m Bodentiefe keine Kunststoffrasen-Partikel detektiert wurden. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass vermehrt Mikroplastik durch Alterung aus Kunststoffrasen entsteht und im Sickerwasser ausgetragen wird, aber der Boden Mikroplastik- Partikel ≥ 5 μm durch Filtrationseffekte zurückhält, sodass diese im Grundwasser nicht nachweisbar waren. KW - Kunststoffrasen, Alterung, Mikroplastik, Elution, Schadstoffe PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.37307/j.1868-7741.2025.04.05 SN - 1868-7741 VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 156 EP - 161 PB - Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co. KG AN - OPUS4-65098 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Welche Rolle spielen Textilien als Mikroplastik-Quelle im Abwasser? N2 - In diesem Vortrag wird die Rolle der Waschmaschine als Eintragspfad von Mikroplastik in das Abwasser diskutiert und eine experimentelle Annäherung an das Problem beschrieben. T2 - Wasserwirtschaftliches Kolloquium der TU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.12.2023 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Waschmaschine PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59278 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Systemverständnis und Untersuchungsstrategien von Kunststoffeinträgen in die Umwelt – Ergebnisse des RUSEKU-Forschungsprojektes N2 - Ziel des Vortrages ist die Vermittlung der Herausforderungen der Mikroplastik-Analytik sowie der Harmonisierung der Analytik und des Ergebnistransfers in die Normung. T2 - Jahresabschluss-Sitzung GA "Mensch und Umwelt" CY - Online meeting DA - 24.11.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53830 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Fink, Friedrich T1 - Biobased and biodegradable polymers - sustainability and circular economy N2 - The presentation shows recent results on the synthesis and modification of environmentally relevant polymers based on renewable resources and the associated development of robust, high quality analytical methods. The first topic presents analytical results for star-shaped polylactides with different degrees of functionalisation. It is shown how liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry methods complement each other in a proven way to obtain accurate molar masses and to quantify chemically heterogeneous species. The second part presents an approach to incorporate lignin into epoxy matrices to obtain covalently adaptable epoxy networks that can be reprocessed and reused. T2 - 11th International Symposium on the Separation and Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands DA - 21.01.2025 KW - Polylactides KW - Ligninbased thermosets KW - MALDI-TOF-MS KW - Gradient elution liquid adsorption chromatography KW - Atomic force spectroscopy KW - FT-IR PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62532 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kittner, Maria T1 - Development of a new Lysimeter System to assess Microplastic, PAH & Heavy Metal Emissions from Artificial Turf Sports Pitches N2 - Since September 2023, the European Commission introduced a new regulation to reduce emissions of microplastics (MP) into the environment, including the sale and use of intentionally added MP. Therein, the use of synthetic rubber granules in artificial turf is explicitly mentioned and banned for future use. Additionally, abrasions of grass fibres and other turf components are also considered as MP sources. Artificial turf pitches are multi component systems: e. g. grass fibres made of polyethylene (PE), synthetic infill made of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM), carpet backing of polypropylene (PP) glued with polyurethane (PU), winding yarn of polyethylene terephthalate or elastic layer of Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) bound with PU. While the ban has great impact on recreational sports, there is so far no sufficient data to estimate the MP emissions from artificial turf sports pitches into the environment and thus their relevance as a source of MP pollution. To close this gap, three artificial turf scenarios in different ageing states (unaged, artificially aged and aged in real time) were analysed in this study: the past (old turf: fossil based, synthetic infill), present (most commonly installed in Germany: fossil based, synthetic infill) and future (turf with recycled grass fibres, no synthetic infill). To simulate outdoor weathering during the service life of approx. 15 years, accelerated ageing by UV weathering and mechanical stress was carried out. The newly developed and in-house manufactured Microplastic Eluate Lysimeter (MEL) simulates contaminant transfer into the groundwater and allows the simultaneous sampling for MP and dissolved contaminants, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) or heavy metals (HM). MP mass contents were analysed using smart microfilter crucibles (mesh size: 5 µm) and Thermal Extraction Desorption Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and PAH and HM concentrations were determined using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry or Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, respectively. T2 - MICRO2024: Plastic Pollution from Micro to Nano CY - Arrecife, Spain DA - 23.09.2024 KW - Microplastics Eluate Lysimeter KW - Microplastics KW - Heavy Metals KW - PAH KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61160 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Drago, C A1 - Wiesner, Yosri A1 - Braun, U A1 - Giovannozi, A A1 - Fadda, M A1 - Putzu, Mara A1 - Lorenzo, S A1 - Moscoso-Pérez, C A1 - Benismail, N A1 - Palma, C A1 - Almeida, J A1 - Mattarozzi, M A1 - Barbaresi, M A1 - Piergiovanni, M A1 - Masino, M A1 - Bianchi, F A1 - Careri, M A1 - v Bavel, B A1 - Maltseva, A A1 - Sillanpää, M A1 - Pröfrock, D A1 - Wippermann, D A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Harmonisation of sample preparation for microplastic analysis: Recovery rates of tablets containing microplastics as reference material for food and environmental matrix N2 - Microplastic are found ubiquitarians in the environment and food products. Up to now, their impact of risks on health and environment is still controversially discussed, but based on the precautionary principle alone, their presence should be monitored and emission should be reduced (see here also the status of existing EU regulations ). The crucial point is not only the reduction of microplastics pollution but also the introduction of legally binding, standardized procedures for their analysis. The limited availability of certified reference material as well as absence of standard operating procedures to identify, characterize and quantify microplastics according to number and mass have generated lack of comparability between different analytical methods and laboratories; but also, the need of time-consuming development of own protocols for each laboratory. Further on, harmonisation and standardisation of microplastics analysis requires specific reference materials that are used to validate the measurement and to ensure the comparability of results. In the first step, we developed tablets of a water-soluble matrix, containing defined numbers of microplastic particles or mass contents. These can be solved in water and can be handled as reference materials in bottled drinking water without additional sample preparation. These samples can be measured, using mass-based methods as thermo-analytical methods like thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) or pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and using umber-based methods as vibrational spectroscopy like Infrared and Raman directly after filtration. The aim of this work was to delevop standard operating procedure to measure microplastics in more complex matrices and to harmonise and compare different detection and characterization methods. In fact, these matrices require different additional treatments to allow a reliable quantification and identification of microplastics. T2 - SETAC Europe 2025 CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.05.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Nanoplastics PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63366 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Misra, Archismita T1 - Polyoxometalate Ionic Liquids as Protective Coatings for Industrial Infrastructure and Cultural Heritage against Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) N2 - Corrosion of stone and metal due to acid rain and biodeterioration poses significant challenges for industrial and residential infrastructure, as well as cultural heritage, including statues and historical artefacts. A promising mitigation strategy involves thin, transparent films of polyoxometalate-based ionic liquids (POM-ILs) as chemical shields. Stone samples coated with acid-resistant, biocidal POM-ILs exhibited negligible corrosion when exposed to simulated acid rain, in stark contrast to the severe deterioration of unprotected samples. Additionally, their biocidal properties effectively prevent biofilm formation on coated surfaces. Following studies successfully explored the effectiveness of the coating against lampenflora growing in the Pommery Champagne cellar; and the long-term performance of POM-ILs under outdoor environmental conditions. So, POM-ILs have already demonstrated remarkable anticorrosion and antimicrobial properties against aerobic microorganisms and, being water-insoluble, do not leach into aquatic ecosystem. The current research project repurposes the POM-ILs, extending their application to metals, specifically targeting microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in cultural heritage artefacts made of brass, carbon steel, cast iron, and bronze. This involves optimizing nanocoating adhesion to the metal surface and evaluating its protective efficacy against MIC caused by anaerobic microorganisms such as methanogenic archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). This presentation will highlight POM-ILs as sustainable, high-performance nanocoatings for biocorrosion mitigation. It will showcase published success stories, discuss ongoing research and proof-of-concept results, and explore future prospects for these advanced materials in safeguarding metal infrastructure and artefacts across different industrial sectors as well as in the context of cultural heritage conservation. T2 - Euro-MIC COST Action - Closing Workshop Conference CY - Horsens, Denmark DA - 17.09.2025 KW - Polyoxometalates KW - Corrosion KW - Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion KW - Ionic Liquid PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiesner, Yosri A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Determination of Microplastic Mass Content by Thermal Extraction Desorption Gas Chromatography– Mass Spectrometry N2 - The scientific and practical challenge of detecting microplastics (MPs) in the environment in a targeted and rapid manner is solved by innovative coupling of thermogravimetric analysis with mass spectrometric methods. Fast identification and quantitative determination of most thermoplastic polymers and elastomers is possible by using thermal extraction Desorption gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TED-GC–MS). KW - Microplastics KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Microplastics analytic KW - Mikroplastik Massegehalt PY - 2021 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 2 EP - 7 PB - MultiMedia (UK) LLC CY - Cranbury AN - OPUS4-52570 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -