TY - CONF
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
T1 - Hydrogen sensing - Sensors for safety and process control in Hydrogentechnologies
N2 - The success of this energy transition and the efficient utilization of green hydrogen as a pristine energy carrier hinge upon the cultivation of hydrogen readiness, swift market expansion, and the establishment of crucial value chains within national and European contexts. Paramount to these objectives are reliable quality and safety standards, essential for ensuring supply safety, environmental compatibility, and instilling confidence in these technologies.
In the realm of safety management systems, gas sensors emerge as vital components for detecting hydrogen. This presentation delves into the imperative role of hydrogen systems, emphasizing their capability to monitor and control operations, issue warnings, signal hazardous conditions, and sound alarms. It explores the intricate landscape of functional safety considerations and addresses the challenges associated with measurement uncertainty in sensor testing.
A diverse array of sensors catering to hydrogen, pressure, temperature, and flow are available, each contributing significantly to the safety and efficiency of hydrogen technologies. Applications are envisaged to adhere meticulously to quality infrastructural regulations, codes, and standards, ensuring seamless integration and operation within the broader hydrogen ecosystem.
This discussion underscores the ubiquitous presence of sensor systems across various fields within hydrogen technologies, illustrating their multifaceted contributions to safety, reliability, and overall success in realizing the transformative potential of green hydrogen.
T2 - Joint European Summer School 2023 on Fuel Cell, Electrolyser, and Battery Technologies
CY - Vravrona, Greece
DA - 17.09.2023
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - SensRef
KW - Hydrogen
KW - KICstartH2
KW - Gas detection
KW - Sensor testing
KW - Hydrogen gas sensor
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-59228
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eberwein, Robert
A1 - Heßmann, Jennifer
A1 - Werner, Jan
A1 - Scarponi, Giordano Emrys
A1 - Cozzani, Valerio
A1 - Otremba, Frank
T1 - Investigation of Realistic Fire Scenarios Involving Cryogenic Storage Tanks
N2 - The number of vehicles using or transporting cryogenic fuels such as Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) increases fast in the land transportation sector. Does this also entail new risks for instance from a BLEVE? A key to answer this question is to research representative fires by its characterization and its effect on the insulation. At BAM’s technical test side in Germany, a test series was started to answer this question among others. This paper presents results on a pool fire under a colorimeter, that simulates a tank. The investigation points out, that the full fire characterization approach allows to represent the fire. The findings are relevant for the investigation of a representative design fire that is applicable for the approval and improvement of tanks as well as to research accident scenarios and their consequences.
T2 - Loss Prevention 2025
CY - Bologna, Italien
DA - 09.06.2025
KW - LH2
KW - LNG
KW - Fire
KW - Tank
KW - Safety
PY - 2025
DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET25116031
SN - 2283-9216
IS - 116
SP - 181
EP - 186
PB - AIDIC
AN - OPUS4-63738
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
T1 - Error Prevention, Damage Prevention, and Safety Management in Hydrogen Technologies
N2 - In order to integrate the error prevention and damage prevention strategy into hydrogen technologies, it is important to proactively look out for potential weaknesses in the systems and processes. This includes the implementation of preventive measures as elements of safety management in order to identify and eliminate potential sources of error. In addition, training should be specifically focussed on avoiding errors and the safe use of hydrogen technologies. The principial approach of a gas sensor testing laboratory shows how to ensure reliable results, it is advisable to conduct sensor testing under controlled conditions, focusing on identifying specific properties
and quantifying performance criteria. A well thought-out strategy for error prevention makes a significant contribution to preventing accidents and increasing overall safety when using hydrogen.
T2 - 5th Germany-Korea Hydrogen Conference
CY - Halle (Saale), Germany
DA - 22.10.2024
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Safety
KW - Safety Management
KW - Error Prevention
KW - Reference Procedure
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-62563
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
A1 - Schukar, Marcus
T1 - Beiträge der Prozessanalytik und Sensorik zur Sicherheit in Wasserstofftechnologien
N2 - Intelligent sensor systems, certified reference materials and instrumental analytical-chemical methods contribute to safety and functionality in hydrogen technologies.
This article gives a brief overview of SensRef activities in the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM on the issues: Analytical methods for the determination of hydrogen purity, certified reference materials as measurement standards with regard to gas quality (primary calibrators) of BAM, test methods for gas sensor systems to detect hydrogen in air as well as the application of fibre-optic sensor systems to monitor the expansion and ageing behaviour of composite containers in hydrogen technologies.
T2 - Berlin Brandenburger Optik-Tag "Einsatz von Sensorik und Mikroelektronik in der Wasserstoffwirtschaft"
CY - Online meeting
DA - 29.11.2021
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - SensRef
KW - Gas analysis
KW - Gas purity
KW - Fibre-optic sensors
KW - Sensor response
KW - Certified reference materials
PY - 2021
AN - OPUS4-54138
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
T1 - Introduction of H2Safety@BAM
N2 - This contribution for the Open Forum of the 8th HSN Symposium introduces the SensRef activities of the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM.
T2 - 8. HSN-Symposium - HybridSensorNet e. V.
CY - Online meeting
DA - 11.11.2021
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - SensRef
KW - Hydrogen
PY - 2021
AN - OPUS4-54137
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Theiler, Geraldine
T1 - Effect of hydrogen pressure on the fretting behavior of elastomers
N2 - In this study, the fretting behavior of several elastomer materials against 316L were evaluated in air and hydrogen environment up to 10 MPa. Furthermore, aging experiments were conducted for 7 days under static conditions in 100 MPa hydrogen and the physical and mechanical properties of the rubber materials were examined before and after hydrogen exposure. Fretting tests revealed that the wear of these compounds is significantly affected by the hydrogen environment compared to air, especially with NBR grades. After aging experiment, the friction response of HNBR grades is characterized by increased adhesion due to elastic deformation, leading to partial slip.
T2 - 4th Int. Conf. on Polymer Tribology, PolyTrib 2022
CY - Stockholm, Sweden
DA - 05.12.2022
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Fretting
KW - Elastomers
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-62006
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
T1 - Hydrogen Sensing - Sensors for Safety and Process Control in Hydrogen Technologies
N2 - The success of this energy transition and the efficient utilization of green hydrogen as a pristine energy carrier hinge upon the cultivation of hydrogen readiness, swift market expansion, and the establishment of crucial value chains within national and European contexts. Paramount to these objectives are reliable quality and safety standards, essential for ensuring supply safety, environmental compatibility, and instilling confidence in these technologies.
In the realm of safety management systems, gas sensors emerge as vital components for detecting hydrogen. This presentation delves into the imperative role of hydrogen systems, emphasizing their capability to monitor and control operations, issue warnings, signal hazardous conditions, and sound alarms. It explores the intricate landscape of functional safety considerations and addresses the challenges associated with measurement uncertainty in sensor testing.
A diverse array of sensors catering to hydrogen, pressure, temperature, and flow are available, each contributing significantly to the safety and efficiency of hydrogen technologies. Applications are envisaged to adhere meticulously to quality infrastructural regulations, codes, and standards, ensuring seamless integration and operation within the broader hydrogen ecosystem.
This discussion underscores the ubiquitous presence of sensor systems across various fields within hydrogen technologies, illustrating their multifaceted contributions to safety, reliability, and overall success in realizing the transformative potential of green hydrogen.
T2 - Joint European Summer School JESS 2024
CY - Vravrona, Greece
DA - 16.09.2024
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Sensor
KW - Sensor technology
KW - Safety
KW - Process control
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-61677
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Theiler, Geraldine
T1 - Toward sustainable and hydrogen compatible sealing materials
N2 - As sealing components, polymeric materials are used in a wide range of applications e.g. as O-rings and piston rings in high-pressure and/or cryogenic hydrogen. For these extreme demanding application, PTFE or PPS based materials are often used as high-performance polymer matrix. This project aims to provide a safe and sustainable sealing solutions for hydrogen applications. New materials with improved sustainability were investigated and compared with conventional grades. Tests were performed in hydrogen over a wide range of temperature and pressure (0.1 MPa to 40 MPa, and 100°C down to -150°C) at Kyushu University and BAM using a pin-on-disk apparatus in a continuous sliding motion. Polymer samples ran against 316L disk at 0.5 m/s and 3 MPa contact pressure. Based on the tribological results and surface analyses, promising candidates are suggested along with friction mechanisms in both high-pressure and low temperature hydrogen.
T2 - STLE Meeting
CY - Atlanta, Georgia, USA
DA - 18.05.2025
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Friction
KW - Wear
KW - Piston ring
KW - Reciprocating seals
PY - 2025
AN - OPUS4-63809
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bock, Robert
T1 - Introduction Living Lab Hydrogen Refueling Station
N2 - Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) forscht und prüft für Sicherheit in Technik und Chemie an drei Standorten in Berlin, sowie auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit in Horstwalde in Brandenburg. Hier haben wir weitreichende Möglichkeiten, Großversuche im Realmaßstab durchzuführen. Besonderes Augenmerk richten wir heute auf das Reallabor Wasserstofftankstelle. Diese voll digitalisierte technische Anlage, die die Wertschöpfungskette von Wasserstoff abbildet, wurde gerade eröffnet und steht nun Partnern aus Industrie und Forschung sowie kleinen mittelständischen Unternehmen oder Start-Ups zum gemeinsamen Forschen und Erproben neuer Technologie zur Verfügung. Ihre Besonderheiten umfassen z.B. eine umfassende Prozessüberwachung nach Industrie 4.0, die dafür nötige IT/OT Infrastruktur, Digitale Zwillinge auf verschiedenen Ebenen, großflächige Aufstellung und baulicher Schutz, Gas-Probenahmestellen auf dem Weg durch die Anlage und H2-Sensornetzwerke zur frühzeitigen Erfassung und Ortung von Leckagen.
T2 - Sonderkolloquium H2safety@BAM
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 04.11.2025
KW - Wasserstoff
KW - Reallabor
KW - Digitalisierung
PY - 2025
AN - OPUS4-64699
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
A1 - Melzer, Michael
T1 - Sensors for safety and process control in hydrogen technologies - Part II - Seminar about the expression of uncertainty in measurement
N2 - The determination of the measurement uncertainty of quantitative and qualitative results is an important quality management tool, for example to describe measuring equipment, procedures, measurement results and the quality of products. The lecture presents the process description for the determination of the measurement uncertainty according to GUM, the determination of uncertainties in qualitative measurement results and the application of the measurement uncertainty for conformity assessment.
T2 - Joint European Summer School 2021 on Fuel Cell, Electrolyser, and Battery Technologies
CY - Online meeting
DA - 12.09.2021
KW - Quality management tool
KW - Measurement uncertainty
KW - Quantiative results
KW - Qualitative results
KW - Conformity assessment
PY - 2021
AN - OPUS4-54132
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
T1 - Sensors for safety and process control in hydrogen technologies
N2 - Sensor systems are widely used in hydrogen technologies. The lecture presents requirements and properties of sensor systems and shows application examples of these technologies for safety and process control for hydrogen technologies. The focus is on gas sensors as well as sensors for pressure, temperature and gas flow. These systems are applied, among other things, for monitoring and control of operating conditions, indication of hazardous conditions and triggering of alarms.
T2 - Joint European Summer School 2021 on Fuel Cell, Electrolyser, and Battery Technologies
CY - Online meeting
DA - 12.09.2021
KW - Sensor
KW - Safety
KW - Process control
KW - Hydrogen technologies
PY - 2021
AN - OPUS4-54131
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Theiler, Geraldine
T1 - Comparative evaluation of the sliding performance of polymers materials in gaseous and liquid hydrogen
N2 - The focus of this study is to evaluate the influence of hydrogen on the friction and wear behavior of a wide range of commercially available polymer materials. Thereby, Filled and unfilled polymers from different suppliers were evaluated at room temperature in air and hydrogen gas (H2) as well as in liquid hydrogen at - 253°C (LH2).
T2 - 2023 Hydrogenius & I2CNER Tribology Symposium
CY - Fukuoka, Japan
DA - 03.02.2023
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Tribology
KW - Cryogenic
KW - LH2
KW - Polymers
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-61961
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Harwege, Finn
A1 - Schmidt, Heiko
A1 - Eberwein, Robert
T1 - Testing of vacuum insulation panels for liquid hydrogen storage tanks
N2 - Vacuum insulation panel (VIP) based insulation could present an alternative to the common double walled vacuum insulation for large liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) storage tanks. In this paper a brief introduction on VIPs and the envisioned design of VIP-based LH2-tank insulation is given. The design of a flat plate boil-off calorimeter for the testing of the insulation concept is shown, with regard to thermal design, mechanical design and instrumentation. Finally, an overview over the particular challenges for modelling VIP-based insulation and the proposed testing to be performed on the test rig is presented.
T2 - 18th Cryogenics IIR International Conference
CY - Prague, Czech Republic
DA - 07.04.2025
KW - Liquefied Hydrogen
KW - Insulation
KW - Calorimeter
KW - Vacuum Insulation Panel
KW - LH2
PY - 2025
SN - 0151-1637
DO - https://doi.org/10.18462/iir.cryo.2025.0010
SN - 978-2-36215-053-1
VL - 2025
SP - 168
EP - 174
PB - ICCEX
CY - Prag
AN - OPUS4-62959
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
T1 - Fehlervermeidung, Schadenverhütung und Sicherheitsmanagement in der Wasserstofftechnologie
N2 - Um den Aspekt der Strategie zur Fehlervermeidung und Schadenprävention in Wasserstofftechnologien zu integrieren, ist es entscheidend, proaktiv auf potenzielle Schwachstellen in den Systemen und Prozessen zu achten. Dies beinhaltet die Implementierung von präventiven Maßnahmen als Elemente des Sicherheitsmanagements, um mögliche Fehlerquellen zu identifizieren und zu eliminieren. Darüber hinaus sollten Schulungen gezielt auf die Vermeidung von Fehlern und die sichere Anwendung von Wasserstofftechnologien ausgerichtet sein. Eine durchdachte Strategie zur Fehlervermeidung trägt wesentlich dazu bei, Unfälle zu verhindern und die Gesamtsicherheit bei der Nutzung von Wasserstoff zu erhöhen.
T2 - Forum Schadenverhütung am 12.10.2023 der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berlin Brandenburg (AGS) in Kooperation mit der AGBB Berlin e.V
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 12.10.2023
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - Gassensorik
KW - Wasserstoff
KW - Fehlervermeidung
KW - Schadenverhütung
KW - Sicherheitsmanagement
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-59226
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lay, Vera
T1 - Multi-sensor conception for safe sealing structures in underground repositories
N2 - The project "SealWasteSafe" of the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (Berlin) deals with sealing structures applied for underground disposal of nuclear waste from two perspectives: material improvement for application in sealing constructions and feasibility study regarding multi-sensor approaches to ensure quality assurance and long-term monitoring.
One specimen of 150 l made of alkali-activated material, which was found innovative and suitable for sealing constructions based on preliminary laboratory studies, and another one made of conventional salt concrete, are manufactured with an integrated multi-sensory setup for quality assurance and long-term-monitoring. The specimens were left in their cast form and additionally thermally insulated to simulate the situation in the repository. The multi-sensory concept comprises RFID technology embedded in the specimens suppling material temperature and moisture measurements, integrated distributed fibre optic sensing allowing strain measurement and acoustic emission testing for monitoring crack formation. Overall, the suitability and the functionality of the sensors embedded into and attached to strongly alkaline (pH > 13 for the AAM) and salt corrosive (NaCl) environment was proven for the first 672 h.
First RFID measurement succeeded after 626 h for the alkali-activated material and after 192 h for the conventional salt concrete. Strain measurement based on fibre optic sensing turned out the alkali-activated material (> 1 mm/m) undergoing approximately twice the compression strain as the salt concrete (< 0.5 mm/m). In contrast, the acoustic emission first and single hits representing crack formation in numbers, was found for alkali-activated material half of that detected at the salt concrete.
T2 - SMIRT 26
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 10.07.2022
KW - SealWasteSafe
KW - Monitoring
KW - Acoustic emission
KW - Fibre optic sensing
KW - RFID technology
KW - Alkali-activated material
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55372
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Holtappels, Kai
T1 - The critical role of safety in hydrogen and energy projects across the continent
N2 - Safety plays a critical role in the success and sustainability of hydrogen and energy projects across Africa, where the push for clean and renewable energy is rapidly gaining momentum. Given hydrogen’s flammability and the complex infrastructure required for its production, storage, and transport, strict safety protocols are essential to protect workers, communities, and the environment. In regions with developing regulatory frameworks, establishing robust safety standards and fostering a culture of safety is vital to attract investment, ensure public trust, and prevent accidents that could derail progress. Prioritizing safety not only safeguards lives but also supports the long-term viability and credibility of Africa’s emerging hydrogen economy.
T2 - Global African Hydrogen Summit - Technical Seminar Programme
CY - Windhoek, Namibia
DA - 09.09.2025
KW - Safety
KW - Namibia
KW - Hydrogen infrastructure
KW - Acceptance
KW - Expert recommendations
PY - 2025
AN - OPUS4-64435
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gomes, Bruna F.
A1 - Prokop, Martin
A1 - Bystron, Tomas
A1 - Loukrakpam, Rameshwori
A1 - Melke, Julia
A1 - Lobo, Carlos M. S.
A1 - Fink, Michael
A1 - Zhu, Mengshu
A1 - Voloshina, Elena
A1 - Kutter, Maximilian
A1 - Hoffmann, Hendrik
A1 - Yusenko, Kirill V.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Röder, Bettina
A1 - Bouzek, Karel
A1 - Paulus, Beate
A1 - Roth, Christina
T1 - Following Adsorbed Intermediates on a Platinum Gas Diffusion Electrode in H3PO3-Containing Electrolytes Using In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
N2 - One of the challenges of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is the poisoning of the Pt catalystwith H3PO4. H3PO4 is imbibed into the routinely used polybenzimidazole-based membranes, which facilitate Proton conductivity in the temperature range of 120−200 °C. However, when leached out of the membrane by water produced during operation, H3PO4 adsorbs on the Pt catalyst surface, blocking the active sites and hindering the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
The reduction of H3PO4 to H3PO3, which occurs at the anode due to a combination of a low potential and the presence of gaseous H2, has been investigated as an additional important contributing factor to the observed poisoning effect. H3PO3 has an affinity toward adsorption on Pt surfaces even greater than that of H2PO4 −. In this work, we investigated the poisoning effect of both H3PO3 and H3PO4 using a half-cell setup with a gas diffusion electrode under ambient conditions. By means of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it was possible to follow the signature of different species adsorbed on the Pt nanoparticle catalyst (H, O, H2PO4 −, and H3PO3) at different potentials under ORR conditions in various electrolytes (HClO4, H3PO4, and H3PO3). It was found that H3PO3 adsorbs in a pyramidal configuration P(OH)3 through a Pt−P bond. The competition between H3PO4 and H3PO3 adsorption was studied, which should allow for a better understanding of the catalyst poisoning mechanism and thus assist in the development of strategies to mitigate this phenomenon in the future by minimizing H3PO3 generation by, for example, improved catalyst design or adapted operation conditions or changes in the electrolyte composition.
KW - H3PO4 life cycle
KW - XAS
KW - In situ coupling
KW - High-temperature fuel cells
KW - H3PO3,
KW - Δμ XANES
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.2c02630
SN - 2155-5435
VL - 12
IS - 18
SP - 11472
EP - 11484
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-64733
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Peters, Stefan
A1 - Bartling, Stephan
A1 - Parlinska-Wojtan, Magdalena
A1 - Wotzka, Alexander
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Wohlrab, Sebastian
A1 - Abdel-Mageed, Ali M.
T1 - Stabilization of intermediate Mo oxidation states by Nb doping enhancing methane aromatization on Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts
N2 - The dehydroaromatization of methane is a promising process to produce aromatics and ultra-pure hydrogen. Increased yields and stability of Mo/HZSM-5 against irreversible deactivation were achieved via a redox interaction by doping with otherwise inert Nb.
KW - General Materials Science
KW - Sustainability and the Environment
KW - General Chemistry
KW - Renewable Energy
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597670
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA07532J
SN - 2050-7488
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-59767
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - C. Pardo Pérez, L.
A1 - Arndt, A.
A1 - Stojkovikj, S.
A1 - Y. Ahmet, I.
A1 - T. Arens,, J.
A1 - Dattila, F.
A1 - Wendt, R.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Davies, V.
A1 - Höflich, K.
A1 - Köhnen, E.
A1 - Tockhorn, P.
A1 - Golnak, R.
A1 - Xiao, J.
A1 - Schuck, G.
A1 - Wollgarten, M.
A1 - López, N.
A1 - T. Mayer, M.
T1 - Determining Structure-Activity Relationships in Oxide Derived CuSn Catalysts During CO2 Electroreduction Using X-Ray Spectroscopy
N2 - The development of earth-abundant catalysts for selective electrochemical CO2 conversion is a central challenge. Cu-Sn bimetallic catalysts can yield selective CO2 reduction toward either CO or formate. This study presents oxide-derived Cu-Sn catalysts tunable for either product and seeks to understand the synergetic effects between Cu and Sn causing these selectivity trends. The materials undergo significant transformations under CO2 reduction conditions, and their dynamic bulk and surface structures are revealed by correlating observations from multiple methods—X-ray absorption spectroscopy for in situ study, and quasi in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface sensitivity. For both types of catalysts, Cu transforms to metallic Cu0 under reaction conditions. However, the Sn speciation and content differ significantly between the catalyst types: the CO-selective catalysts exhibit a surface Sn content of 13 at. % predominantly present as oxidized Sn, while the formate-selective catalysts display an Sn content of ≈70 at. % consisting of both metallic Sn0 and Sn oxide species. Density functional theory simulations suggest that Snδ+ sites weaken CO adsorption, thereby enhancing CO selectivity, while Sn0 sites hinder H adsorption and promote formate production. This study reveals the complex dependence of catalyst structure, composition, and speciation with electrochemical bias in bimetallic Cu catalysts.
KW - Electrochemical CO2 conversion
KW - Cu catalysts
KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547116
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103328
SN - 1614-6832
VL - 12
IS - 5
SP - 2103328
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
AN - OPUS4-54711
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sturm, Patrick
A1 - Moye, J.
A1 - Gluth, Gregor
A1 - Vogler, Nico
A1 - Taffe, A.
A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten
ED - Rossignol, S.
ED - Gluth, Gregor
T1 - Properties of alkali-activated mortars with salt aggregate for sealing structures in evaporite rock
N2 - Concrete structures for sealing of tunnels in the host rock are an essential part of systems for nuclear waste storage. However, concretes based on blended cements or magnesium oxychloride cements, which are commonly considered for this application, can deteriorate severely due to a significant heat of hydration and associated deformation and cracking. Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) offer a potential solution to this problem because of their low heat release during hardening. To explore their suitability for the construction of sealing structures in evaporite rock, various AAMs with salt aggregate were studied regarding fresh properties, heat release, mechanical properties and microstructure. The heat of reaction of the AAMs was up to 55% lower than that of a blended cement designed for sealing structures, indicating significant benefits for the intended application. Other relevant properties such as mechanical strength and permeability depended strongly on the mix-design of the AAMs and curing conditions.
KW - Alkali-activated materials
KW - Geopolymers
KW - Nuclear waste storage
KW - Sealing structures
KW - Evaporite rock
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-519422
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2020.100041
SN - 2666-5395
VL - 5
IS - Special issue: Alkali-activated materials and geopolymers in ceramics and beyond
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-51942
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kästle, Emanuel
A1 - Duffner, Eric
A1 - Ghaznavi, Ali
T1 - DAVID Project meeting 23.09.2025
N2 - Yearly report on the DAVID project, presented in front of the consortial partners. The report shows the progress achieved by the DAVID project team at BAM in terms of testing newly developed carbon-fiber reinforced pressure vessels of type IV.
T2 - DAVID project meeting
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 23.09.2025
KW - Acoustic Emission
KW - Pressure Vessels
KW - DAVID project
KW - Damage monitoring
KW - Fiber reinforced polymers
PY - 2025
AN - OPUS4-65289
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Baer, Wolfram
T1 - On the assessment of dynamic fracture toughness of ferritic ductile cast iron using the master curve concept
N2 - An established and validated method to determine and assess dynamic fracture toughness values of ferritic ductile cast iron (DCI) in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime is currently not available. Although the ASME-Code, Sect. III, Div. 3, WC-2330 explicitly requires safety assessment considerations for dynamic loading, sufficiently substantial information on the procedure is not given. Therefore, the applicability of the probabilistic Master Curve (MC) concept according to ASTM E1921 to DCI is being investigated in the joint German research project MCGUSS conducted by BAM Berlin and MPA Stuttgart. Using a tailored manufacturing specification, a DCI material of grade GJS-400 has been casted to provide a test material which is very homogeneous but typical for heavy-sections. The experimental test program covers test specimens of various geometries and sizes (Tensile, Charpy-V, Pellini, SE(B)10, SE(B)25, SE(B)140, DC(T)9, C(T)25 and C(T)50). In total about 500 specimens will be tested to investigate and validate the Master Curve concept and its background for DCI (e.g. size effects, weakest-link, Weibull distribution, microstructure-property correlation). While the whole project has not yet concluded, several work packages have already been completed. This presentation is focused on dynamic large-scale fracture mechanics test series using SE(B)140 specimens and instrumented Charpy impact testing using ISO-V specimens.
T2 - European Conference on Fracture 2024
CY - Zagreb, Croatia
DA - 26.08.2024
KW - Dynamic fracture toughness
KW - Ductile cast iron
KW - Master curve concept
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-61452
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Baer, Wolfram
T1 - Recent Results on the Investigation of the Master Curve Concept for Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron
N2 - Within the current framework for safety assessment of ferritic ductile cast iron (DCI) containers for transport as well as interim and final storage of radioactive materials, the IAEA guidelines SSG 26 apply fracture mechanics principles. Crack initiation in either, stable or unstable modes is generally forbidden. Additionally, for DCI, the ASME-Code, Sect. III, Div. 3, WC-2330, explicitly requires a safety proof regarding dynamic loading conditions. Nevertheless, corresponding information given in the ASME Code does not seem to be sufficient to appropriately perform a dynamic fracture mechanics safety assessment for DCI. To address and improve this status of the dynamic brittle fracture safety assessment framework for DCI, the application of the fracture mechanics master curve (MC) concept to DCI is being investigated in an ongoing joint research project (acronym MCGUSS) between BAM Berlin and MPA Stuttgart. For ferritic DCI, the MCGUSS project addresses the currently lacking systematic review of applicability and potential modifications to the assumptions and the procedure according to ASTM E1921. The aim is to establish a methodology to determine and assess dynamic fracture toughness values of DCI in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime using small samples extracted from a component. The research approach and the planned investigations were outlined in more detail earlier. This paper is focused on the discussion of recent experimental results to establish the dynamic fracture mechanics toughness data base and its MC analyses. MCGUSS fracture mechanics test setups and the dynamic fracture toughness data base achieved at the time of abstract submission is discussed (covering 128 specimens). Current application limits of ASTM E1921 MC to DCI are discussed, and planned investigations to further investigate and modify the MC procedure for DCI are outlined.
T2 - ASTM 23rd International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics
CY - Atlanta, GA, USA
DA - 12.11.2025
KW - Dynamic fracture toughness
KW - Ductile cast iron
KW - Safety assessment
KW - Master curve
KW - Statistics
PY - 2025
AN - OPUS4-64746
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel
A1 - Baer, Wolfram
T1 - Investigation of the Master Curve Concept for Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron
N2 - The current framework for safety assessment of ferritic ductile cast iron (DCI) containers for transport and storage of radioactive materials applies fracture mechanics principles. As established by the IAEA safety standard SSG 26, prevention of crack initiation is the governing criterion and no reliance in design should be placed on any predicted ductile tearing resistance. Similarly, the ASME-Code, Sect. III, Div. 3 explicitly deals with DCI and requires a safety proof for dynamic loading conditions. However, information given in the guidelines does not seem to be sufficient to appropriately perform such dynamic fracture mechanics safety assessments. The ongoing German research project MCGUSS is tailored to tackle this status. In MCGUSS, the application potential of the probabilistic fracture mechanics master curve (MC) concept according to ASTM E1921 is being systematically investigated and potential modifications specific for dynamic brittle fracture of DCI will be identified. While MCGUSS covers testing of a high number of SE(B)- and C(T)-type specimens, this poster focuses on preliminary C(T) results. The obtained data was statistically analyzed, and current results of MC analyses are discussed. Special emphasis of MCGUSS is on using optical and scanning electron microscopy to link microstructural damage and failure processes to the fracture toughness data gained. A fracture mechanism called "specimen size-dependent arrest of local brittle fractures before global brittle failure by weakest link" is proposed to describe the established dynamic toughness data. Concerning the MC concept, it was shown that the ASTM E1921 procedure cannot simply be adopted to dynamic DCI toughness data on a one-to-one basis. Material specific modifications are being investigated and the DCI dynamic fracture toughness data base is to be expanded.
T2 - MPA Conference 2025
CY - Stuttgart, Germany
DA - 06.10.2025
KW - Dynamic fracture toughness
KW - Ductile cast iron
KW - Safety assessment
KW - Master curve
KW - Statistics
PY - 2025
AN - OPUS4-64367
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Baer, Wolfram
T1 - Experimental determination and analysis of dynamic fracture toughness data of ductile cast iron
N2 - Ductile Cast Iron materials (DCI) have become important structural materials. Neverthe-less, to draw maximum benefit from DCIs property potential, tailored testing methods must be provided. The established dynamic Jd-R and CTOD 5d-R curve procedures are based on material specifically developed, independent experimental techniques but pro-vide almost matching results. This can be seen as additional validation of the Jd procedure which was mandatory.
T2 - 14th International Conference on Fracture (ICF 14)
CY - Rhodes, Greece
DA - 18.07.2017
KW - Ductile cast iron
KW - Fracture mechanics
KW - Dynamic loading
KW - Crack resistance curve
KW - CTOD
KW - J-integral
PY - 2017
AN - OPUS4-42727
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel
A1 - Baer, Wolfram
A1 - Mayer, Uwe
A1 - Weihe, Stephan
T1 - Investigation of the Master Curve Concept for Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron
N2 - Within fracture mechanics safety assessment for steels in nuclear technology, the probabilistic master curve (MC) concept according to ASTM E1921 is currently used for quasi-static loading conditions as a supplement to the established deterministic ASME reference curve concept. However, for ductile cast iron (DCI), a systematic review of potential modifications to the assumptions and the procedure according to ASTM E1921 and an associated validation are still lacking. For this reason, the application of the fracture mechanics MC concept to ferritic ductile cast iron is being investigated in a recently started joint research project between MPA Stuttgart and BAM Berlin. According to the IAEA guidelines SSG 26, the safety assessment of DCI containers for transport as well as storage of radioactive materials is based on the fracture mechanics criterion of general crack initiation exclusion. Within this context, the focus of the current research project is on the further development of brittle fracture safety assessment methods. Therefore, a methodology shall be established to determine and assess dynamic fracture toughness values of DCI in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime, using samples extracted from a component. For the experimental program, a DCI material will be produced as it is generally used for transport and storage containers. A basic mechanical-technological material characterization consisting of tensile, Charpy and Pellini tests is planned and a comprehensive fracture mechanics test program was compiled covering dynamic testing of DC(T)9, C(T)25, C(T)50, SE(B)10, SE(B)25, and SE(B)140 specimens. Numerical analyses of different specimen geometries and test setups are planned to investigate the influences of stress triaxiality and loading rate. Throughout the experimental program, the microstructure-property relationship will be investigated based on quantitative metallographic and fractographic analyses. Finally, different MC assessment strategies will be considered and modifications will be made if necessary.
T2 - 21st International Symposium ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics
CY - Washington, DC, USA
DA - 08.11.2023
KW - Ductile Cast Iron
KW - Dynamic Fracture Toughness
KW - Cleavage Fracture
KW - Master Curve Concept
PY - 2023
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - ASTM International
CY - West Conshohocken, PA
AN - OPUS4-59064
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel
A1 - Baer, Wolfram
A1 - Mayer, Uwe
A1 - Weihe, Stefan
T1 - Master Curve-Auswertungen und Untersuchung des Größeneffekts für c(t)-proben - Aktuelle Erkenntnisse zur Untersuchung des Master Curve Konzepts für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit bei dynamischer Beanspruchung
N2 - Ausgehend vom Stand des Regelwerkes und der Forschung wird in einem BMUV-Verbundprojekt zwischen der MPA Stuttgart und der BAM Berlin die Anwendung des Master Curve (MC)-Konzepts auf ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit (DCI) untersucht. Ziel des Verbundprojekts ist die Anwendbarkeit des MC-Konzepts näher zu untersuchen und ggf. Modifikationen vorzunehmen, um eine Bewertungsmethode für die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit von DCI im Übergangsbereich zu erarbeiten. Auf den Jahrestagungen 2023 und 2024 des DVM-AK Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit wurden bereits der Forschungsansatz sowie erste Ergebnisse des Projekts MCGUSS präsentiert. Der Beitrag für die diesjährige Tagung soll nun MC-Auswertungen und den Größeneffekt für C(T)-Proben aus DCI diskutieren.
T2 - 57. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit
CY - Köln, Germany
DA - 18.02.2025
KW - Versuche
KW - Master Curve
KW - Bruchmechanik
KW - Dynamische Beanspruchung
KW - Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
PY - 2025
DO - https://doi.org/10.48447/BR-2025-495
SP - 123
EP - 129
PB - DVM-Verlag
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-62555
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel
A1 - Mayer, Uwe
A1 - Baer, Wolfram
T1 - Investigating the Applicability of the Master Curve Concept for Ductile Cast Iron – Early Results for 2 Different Test Temperatures
N2 - Based on the state-of-the-art research and regulations, the application of the fracture mechanics master curve (MC) concept to ferritic ductile cast iron (DCI) is being investigated in a joint research project between MPA Stuttgart and BAM Berlin. This paper outlines the research approach, the planned investigations and first results of the experimental program.
T2 - 8th SEDS Workshop: Safety of Extended Dry Storage
CY - Garching, Germany
DA - 15.05.2024
KW - Dynamic fracture
KW - Brittle fracture
KW - Ductile cast iron
KW - Master Curve
PY - 2024
SP - 1
EP - 4
AN - OPUS4-60013
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ha, Q. L. M.
A1 - Armbruster, U.
A1 - Atia, Hanan
A1 - Lund, H.
A1 - Agostini, G.
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Vuong, H. T.
A1 - Martin, A.
T1 - Development of active and stable low nickel content catalysts for dry reforming of methane
N2 - Methane dry reforming (DRM) was investigated over highly active Ni catalysts with low metal content (2.5wt%) supported on Mg-Al mixed oxide. The aim was to minimize carbon Deposition and metal sites agglomeration on the working catalyst which are known to cause catalyst deactivation.
The solids were characterized using N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results showed that MgO-Al2O3 solid solution phases are obtained when calcining Mg-Al hydrotalcite precursor in the temperature range of 550–800 °C. Such phases contribute to the high activity of catalysts with low Ni content even at low temperature (500 °C). Modifying the catalyst preparation with citric acid significantly slows the coking rate and reduces the size of large octahedrally coordinated NiO-like domains, which may easily agglomerate on the surface during DRM. The most effective Ni catalyst shows a stable DRM course over 60 h at high weight hourly space velocity with very low coke deposition. This is a promising result for considering such catalyst systems for further development of an industrial DRM technology.
KW - Dry reforming of methane
KW - Carbon dioxide
KW - Ni
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-402904
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7050157
SN - 2073-4344
VL - 7
IS - 5
SP - 157, 1
EP - 157, 17
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-40290
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Broichert, C.
A1 - Klingenhof, M.
A1 - Frisch, M.
A1 - Dresp, S.
A1 - Kubo, N.M.
A1 - Artz, J.
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Palkovits, S.
A1 - Beine, A.K.
A1 - Strasser, P.
A1 - Palkovits, R.
T1 - Particle size-controlled synthesis of highperformance MnCo-based materials for alkaline OER at fluctuating potentials
N2 - For the large-scale generation of hydrogen via water electrolysis the design of long term stable and active catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a key challenge. Most catalysts suffer from severe structural corrosion that becomes even more pronounced at fluctuating potentials. Herein, MnCo based cubic particles were prepared via a hydrothermal approach, in which the edge length of the micron-sized particles can be controlled by changing the pH value of the precursor solution. The cubes are composed of varying amounts of MnCo2O4, CoCO3 and a mixed (Mn/Co)CO3 phase. Structure–activity relationships were deduced revealing a volcano-type behavior for the intrinsic OER activity and fraction of spinel oxide phase.
A low overpotential of 0.37 V at 10 mA cm−2 and a stability of more than 25 h was achieved in 1.0 M KOH using a rotating disc electrode (RDE) setup. The best performing catalyst material was successfully tested under dynamic process conditions for 9.5 h and shows a superior catalytic activity as anode for the Overall water splitting in an electrolyser setup in 1.0 M KOH at 333 K compared to a reference NiCo-spinel catalyst.
KW - Water electrolysis
KW - Oxygen evolution reaction
KW - Structure activity relationships
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-536050
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cy00905b
SN - 2044-4753
VL - 11
IS - 12
SP - 7278
EP - 7286
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-53605
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Baer, Wolfram
T1 - Statistische Auswertung der SE(B)-Bruchzähigkeitsdatenbasis und Untersuchungen zum Bruchmechanismus - Neue Ergebnisse zur Untersuchung des Master Curve Konzepts für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit bei dynamischer Beanspruchung (Projekt MCGUSS)
N2 - Die Zielstellung des laufenden Kooperationsprojektes MCGUSS zwischen der BAM Berlin und der MPA Stuttgart ist es, das probabilistische Master Curve (MC)-Konzept hinsichtlich seiner Übertragbarkeit auf ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit (DCI) zu untersuchen. Über Teilergebnisse der Arbeiten wurde bereits auf den Jahrestagungen 2023 bis 2025 des DVM-AK Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit berichtet. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat zwei Schwerpunkte.
Zum einen wurde die Datenbasis der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit für SE(B)-Proben der Dicken 10 mm, 25 mm und 140 mm auf insgesamt 101 Versuche bei Temperaturen von -40 °C bis -140 °C erweitert, statistisch ausgewertet sowie MC-Analysen unterzogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Daten sich zwar mit einer Weibullverteilung gut beschreiben lassen, die MC-Methode nach ASTM E1921 jedoch nicht ohne Weiteres anwendbar ist, sondern Modifikationen erforderlich sind.
Des Weiteren werden neue Ergebnisse zum werkstoffspezifischen Bruchmechanismus bei dynamischer Belastung im unteren Übergangsbereich der Zähigkeit diskutiert. Die fraktographische Datenbank wurde durch REM-Analysen weiterer Bruchflächen von SE(B)25-Proben bei -40 °C, -60 °C und -80 °C ergänzt. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die prägende Rolle, die Rissarrestereignissen im Verlauf des dynamischen Sprödbruchversagens bei DCI zukommt. Der in MCGUSS zur Erklärung eines gegenüber Stahl inversen Probengrößeneinflusses vorgeschlagene Mechanismus „Specimen size-dependent arrest of local brittle fractures before global brittle failure by weakest link“ wird dadurch weiter unterstützt.
T2 - DVM-Jahrestagung 2026 des Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit
CY - Stuttgart, Germany
DA - 24.02.2026
KW - Dynamic fracture toughness
KW - Ductile cast iron
KW - Safety assessment
KW - Master curve
KW - Statistics
PY - 2026
AN - OPUS4-65593
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Sander, Luise
T1 - Linking material and electrode properties to the cell performance of commercially available sodium-ion cells
N2 - As the first commercial sodium-ion-batteries (SIBs) are available for purchase, it is possible to investigate material composition. Gaining an insight into the material composition of these SIBs is of interest not only for the classification of possible safety risks and hazards, but also in regard to recycling. Herein we report the preliminary investigations of the chemical and structural composition of first commercial SIB-cells.[1,2] Two different SIB-cell types were compared in terms of electrode size, thickness, loading etc. Furthermore, the composition of the active materials and electrolyte was investigated and compared. Finally, the gained results were linked to the different data sheet performance of the two cell types.
T2 - Batterieforum Deutschland 2026
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 20.01.2026
KW - Electrochemical Energy Storage
KW - Battery
KW - Sodium-ion-battery
KW - EES
KW - Energy Storage
PY - 2026
AN - OPUS4-65588
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lange, Diana
A1 - Hahn, Oliver
T1 - Colours on Maps - Purpose and Materiality
N2 - Colours are an inseparable attribute of most maps. While colouring seems at first glance simply superficial ‘prettifying’ of maps, most maps were given colours for other reasons: colour is an important key to understanding the function and use of maps. The use of colours, the choice of where to assign them and the meaning given to them has accordingly never been static but has changed over time. In this context, the three aspects: colour system, colour scheme, and colour code are of particular importance.
Material scientific analysis makes it possible to find out more about the material composition of colourants (pigments and dyes) on maps. The study of colourants provides insights into the production conditions and use of maps. Furthermore, it offers clues about colour changes and forms the basis for appropriate restoration concepts.
T2 - Maps. Digital. Analogue
CY - Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
DA - 26.02.2026
KW - Maps
KW - Colours
KW - Archaeometry
KW - Aging
PY - 2026
AN - OPUS4-65599
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rautenberg, Max
A1 - Gernhard, M.
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Witt, Julia
A1 - Roth, C.
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - Mechanochemical synthesis of fluorine-containing Co-doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for producing electrocatalysts
N2 - Catalysts derived from pyrolysis of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates to replace expensive and scarce platinum-based electrocatalysts commonly used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. MOFs contain ordered connections between metal centers and organic ligands. They can be pyrolyzed into metal- and nitrogen-doped carbons, which show electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Furthermore, metal-free heteroatom-doped carbons, such as N-F-Cs, are known for being active as well. Thus, a carbon material with Co-N-F doping could possibly be even more promising as ORR electrocatalyst. Herein, we report the mechanochemical synthesis of two polymorphs of a zeolitic imidazole framework, Co-doped zinc 2-trifluoromethyl-1H-imidazolate (Zn0.9Co0.1(CF3-Im)2). Time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction studies of the mechanochemical formation revealed a direct conversion of starting materials to the products. Both polymorphs of Zn0.9Co0.1(CF3-Im)2 were pyrolyzed, yielding Co-N-F containing carbons, which are active toward electrochemical ORR.
KW - Mechanochemistry
KW - Metal-organic-frameworks
KW - Nobel-metal free electrocatalysis
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-546833
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.840758
SN - 2296-2646
VL - 10
IS - 840758
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-54683
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Hesse, Almut
T1 - Entwicklung immunchemischer Methoden zur Spurenanalytik der Sprengstoffe Nitropenta und Trinitrotoluol
N2 - Pentaerythrityltetranitrat (PETN), ein in jüngster Vergangenheit häufig von Terroristen verwendeter Sprengstoff, ist äußerst schwer zu detektieren. Ein verbesserter Antikörper gegen PETN wurde durch Anwendung des Konzepts des bioisosteren Ersatzes entwickelt,indem ein Nitroester durch einen Carbonsäurediester ersetzt wurde. Biostere Moleküle haben eine ähnliche Struktur wie die Referenzsubstanz und zeigen eine vergleichbare biologische Wirkung. Dieser Ansatz führte zu polyklonalen Antikörpern mit extrem guter Selektivität und Sensitivität. Die Nachweisgrenze des Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) beträgt 0,15 μg/L. Der Messbereich des Immunassays liegt zwischen 1 und 1000 μg/L. Die Antikörper sind sowohl hinreichend pH-stabil als auch robust gegen Lösungsmittelzusätze. Das Antiserum könnte auch für Schnelltests, Biosensoren, Mikro-Arrays und andere analytische Methoden verwendet werden.
Für die Umweltanalytik von Trinitrotoluol (TNT) wurde eine Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC)-kompatible Affinitätssäule hergestellt. Druckbeständiges, poröses Glas hat sich als ein hervorragendes Trägermaterial herauskristallisiert. Um selektive anti-TNT-Antikörper für die Herstellung der Affinitätssäule aus den beiden verwendeten TNT-Seren zu isolieren, wurde eine Trennung an einer Dinitrophenyl-Affinitätssäule durchgeführt. Zur Optimierung der Immobilisierungsmethode wurden orangefarbene Dabsyl -Proteine synthetisiert und auf der Oberfläche gebunden. Die Färbung wurde als Indikator für die Immobilisierungsdichte verwendet. Wegen der hohen Affinitätskonstanten der polyklonalen anti-TNT-Antikörper der beiden Seren (5,1 bzw. 2,3∙109 L/mol) lässt sich TNT durch eine typische saure Elution der TNT-Affinitätssäule nur schwer eluieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde eine neuartige Elutionsmethode entwickelt, die irreversible, denaturierende, thermische Online -Elution.
Diese eröffnet ein weites Anwendungsfeld, da so Affinitäten, die klass ischerweise aufgrund zu hoher Bindungskonstanten zwischen Ligand und Rezeptor nicht für die Affinitätschromatographie genutzt werden können, für die Analytik besser handhabbar werden. Die maximale Kapazität einer im Rahmen dieser Arbeit hergestellten Affinitätssäule (64,8 μL) betrug 650 ng TNT bzw. 10 μg/mL Säulenvolumen.
Um die Immobilisierungsdichte der produzierten Affinitätssäulen zu bestimmen, wurde ein neues Verfahren entwickelt, da die üblichen spektroskopischen Proteinbestimmungsmethoden aufgrund der hohen unspezifischen Wechselwirkung mit dem Trägermaterial zur Proteinbestimmung nicht geeignet waren. Zur Quantifizierung von Proteinen oder Peptiden,die auf festen Trägern immobilisiert sind, wurde auf Grundlage einer HPLC-Trennung der aromatischen Aminosäuren Tyrosin (Tyr) und Phenylalanin (Phe) ohne vorherige Derivatisierung eine gegenüber der klassischen Aminosäureanalytik vereinfachte HPLC/UV-Methode entwickelt. Die Hydrolyse der Proteine und Peptide wurde durch Einsatz von Mikrowellentechnik beschleunigt, sodass nur 30 Minuten statt ca. 22 Stunden für das Standardprotokoll benötigt wurden, bei dem ein Hydrolyseröhrchen verwendet wird. Zur internen Kalibrierung wurden zwei Standardverbindungen, Homotyrosin (HTyr) und 4-Fluorphenylalanin (FPhe) verwendet. Die Nachweisgrenze (limit of detection, LOD) bei 215 nm ist sowohl für Tyr als auch für Phe 0,05 μM (~ 10 μg/L). Dieses neue Verfahren, das als Aromatische Aminosäureanalyse (Aromatic Amino Acid Analysis, AAAA) bezeichnet werden kann, wurde zur Proteinbestimmung von homogenen Proben mit Rinderserumalbumin (BSA) des Nationalen Instituts für Standards und Technologie der USA (NIST) validiert, wobei die Nachweisgrenze für Proteine mit 16 mg/L (~ 300 ng BSA) mit gängigen spektroskopischen Verfahren vergleichbar ist. Es liefert incl. der Hydrolysestufe eine verbesserte Genauigkeit mit einer relativen Standardabweichung von ca. 5%.
T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 158
KW - Affinitätschromatographie
KW - Affinity chromatography
KW - Polyklonale TNT-Antikörper
KW - Immunassay
KW - Aromatische Aminosäureanalyse
KW - Polyclonal TNT-antibodies
KW - Polyclonal PETN-antibodies
KW - Immunoassay
KW - Aromatic amino acid analysis
KW - Polyklonale PETN-Antikörper
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-417566
SN - 1613-4249
VL - 158
SP - I
EP - 234
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-41756
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Frechilla, A.
A1 - Martínez, E.
A1 - del Moral, J.
A1 - López-Santos, C.
A1 - Frechilla, J.
A1 - Nuñez-Gálvez, F.
A1 - López-Flores, V.
A1 - de la Fuente, G.F.
A1 - Hülagü, Deniz
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - González-Elipe, A.R.
A1 - Borrás, A.
A1 - Angurel, L.A.
T1 - Influence of near-edge Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) on the electrical properties of fs-laser-machined ITO microcircuits
N2 - Scalable, cost-effective methods for processing transparent electrodes at the microscale are pivotal to advancing in electrochemistry, optoelectronics, microfluidics, and energy harvesting. In these fields, the precise fabrication of micrometric circuits and patterns plays a critical role in determining device performance, material compatibility, and integration with added-value substrates. In this context, Laser Subtractive Manufacturing stands out as a suitable microfabrication technique for its adaptability to diverse materials and complex configurations, as well as its straightforward scalability, affordability, and eco-friendly nature. However, a challenge in micromachining metals and metal oxides is the inherent formation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS), which can significantly impair electrical conductivity, particularly when circuit dimensions fall within the micrometer range. Herein, we investigate the micromachining of electrical microcircuits using ultrashort pulse laser systems applied to transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. We analyze the formation of LIPSS at the edges of the micromachined regions associated with the Gaussian distribution of the energy within the laser spot, and the impact of these structures on the electrical properties of the circuits. Thus, we systematically evaluate the influence of LIPSS orientation and periodicity by fabricating various circuit patterns using femtosecond lasers at green (515 nm) and ultraviolet (UV) (343 nm) wavelengths. A correlation between electrical resistivity measurements and microstructure analysis, as determined by field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, reveals distinct effects of the formed nanostructures depending on the laser source and its polarization. For the green wavelength, the edge side regions where LIPSS are oriented perpendicular to the ITO track exhibit a resistance higher by a factor just above two compared to those where LIPSS are parallel. Additionally, UV laser processing results in a pronounced reduction of ITO thickness at the boundary between the LIPSS region and the substrate. The mechanisms for the formation of LIPSS with both wavelengths are also discussed. Furthermore, we have determined that in narrow conductive tracks with a width ranging from 6 to 8 µm, the impact of LIPSS is particularly significant because the LIPSS structured region occupies a dominant fraction of the total width.
KW - ITO
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Laser subtractive manufacturing
KW - fs-laser processing
KW - Electrical properties
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655921
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166415
SN - 0169-4332
VL - 731
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-65592
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Baer, Wolfram
A1 - Ohm, Katrin
A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel
T1 - Statistische Auswertung der SE(B)-Bruchzähigkeitsdatenbasis und Untersuchungen zum Bruchmechanismus – neue Ergebnisse zur Untersuchung des Master Curve Konzepts für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit bei dynamischer Beanspruchung (Projekt MCGUSS)
N2 - Die Zielstellung des laufenden Kooperationsprojektes MCGUSS zwischen der BAM Berlin und der MPA Stuttgart ist es, das probabilistische Master Curve (MC)-Konzept hinsichtlich seiner Übertragbarkeit auf ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit (DCI) zu untersuchen. Über Teilergebnisse der Arbeiten wurde bereits auf den Jahrestagungen 2023 bis 2025 des DVM-AK Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit berichtet. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat zwei Schwerpunkte.
Zum einen wurde die Datenbasis der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit für SE(B)-Proben der Dicken 10 mm, 25 mm und 140 mm auf insgesamt 101 Versuche bei Temperaturen von -40 °C bis -140 °C erweitert, statistisch ausgewertet sowie MC-Analysen unterzogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Daten sich zwar mit einer Weibullverteilung gut beschreiben lassen, die MC-Methode nach ASTM E1921 jedoch nicht ohne Weiteres anwendbar ist, sondern Modifikationen erforderlich sind.
Des Weiteren werden neue Ergebnisse zum werkstoffspezifischen Bruchmechanismus bei dynamischer Belastung im unteren Übergangsbereich der Zähigkeit diskutiert. Die fraktographische Datenbank wurde durch REM-Analysen weiterer Bruchflächen von SE(B)25-Proben bei -40 °C, -60 °C und -80 °C ergänzt. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die prägende Rolle, die Rissarrestereignissen im Verlauf des dynamischen Sprödbruchversagens bei DCI zukommt. Der in MCGUSS zur Erklärung eines gegenüber Stahl inversen Probengrößeneinflusses vorgeschlagene Mechanismus „Specimen size-dependent arrest of local brittle fractures before global brittle failure by weakest link“ wird dadurch weiter unterstützt.
T2 - DVM-Jahrestagung 2026 des Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit
CY - Stuttgart, Germany
DA - 24.02.2026
KW - Statistics
KW - Dynamic fracture toughness
KW - Ductile cast iron
KW - Master curve
KW - Safety assessment
PY - 2026
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - DVM-Verlag
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-65591
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Askar, Enis
T1 - Safety in Energy Gases "Explosion Protection"
N2 - The legal framework and standards for explosion protection are presented briefly and than the three basic principles of explosion protection are shown one by one: Avoiding Explosive Mixtures, Avoiding Ignition Sources and Mitigation of Consequences. For each of these the relevant safety characteristics and methods of implementation are shown. Finally references for Safety characteristic data and literature sources are shown and the safety characteristics of different fuel gases are summarized and compared.
T2 - European Metrology Network for Energy Gases Training Session
CY - Online meeting
DA - 25.02.2026
KW - Safety characteristics
KW - Energy carrier
KW - Ignition
KW - Safety
PY - 2026
AN - OPUS4-65582
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Oberleitner, Lidia
T1 - Immunochemical determination of caffeine and carbamazepine in complex matrices using fluorescence polarization
N2 - Pharmacologically active compounds are omnipresent in contemporary daily life, in our food and in our environment. The fast and easy quantification of those substances is becoming a subject of global importance. The fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a homogeneous mix-and-read format and a suitable tool for this purpose that offers a high sample throughput. Yet, the applicability to complex matrices can be limited by possible interaction of matrix compounds with antibodies or tracer.
Caffeine is one of the most frequently consumed pharmacologically active compounds and is present in a large variety of consumer products, including beverages and cosmetics. Adverse health effects of high caffeine concentrations especially for pregnant women are under discussion. Therefore, and due to legal regulations, caffeine should be monitored. Automated FPIA measurements enabled the precise and accurate quantification of caffeine in beverages and cosmetics within 2 min. Samples could be highly diluted before analysis due to high assay sensitivity in the low μg/L range. Therefore, no matrix effects were observed.
The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is discussed as a marker for the elimination efficiency of wastewater treatment plants and the dispersion of their respective effluents in surface water. The development of a FPIA for CBZ included the synthesis and evaluation of different tracers. Using the optimum tracer CBZ-triglycine-5-(aminoacetamido) fluorescein, CBZ concentrations in surface waters could be measured on different platforms: one sample within 4 min in tubes or 24 samples within 20 min on microtiter plates (MTPs). For this study, a commercially available antibody was used, which led to overestimations with recovery rates up to 140% due to high cross-reactivities towards CBZ metabolites and other pharmaceuticals.
For more accurate CBZ determination, a new monoclonal antibody was produced. In this attempt, methods for improving the monitoring during the production process were successfully applied, including feces screening and cell culture supernatant screening with FPIA. The new monoclonal antibody is highly specific for CBZ and showed mostly negligible cross-reactivities towards environmentally relevant compounds. Measurements at non-equilibrium state improved the sensitivity and selectivity of the developed FPIA due to slow binding kinetics of the new antibody. Additionally, this measure enables for CBZ determination over a measurement range of almost three orders of magnitude. The comprehensively characterized antibody was successfully applied for the development of sensitive homogeneous and heterogeneous immunoassays.
The new antibody made the development of an on-site measurement system for the determination of CBZ in wastewater possible. After comprehensive optimization, this automated FPIA platform allows the precise quantification of CBZ in wastewater samples only pre-treated by filtration within 16 min. Recovery rates of 61 to 104% were observed. Measurements in the low μg/L range are possible without the application of tedious sample preparation techniques.
Different FPIA platforms including MTPs, cuvettes and tubes were successfully applied. For the choice of the right format, the application field should be considered, e.g. desired sample throughput, usage for optimization or characterization of antibodies or if a set-up for routine measurements is sought for. For high sample throughput and optimization, FPIA performance on MTPs is advantageous. The best results for the application to real samples were obtained using kinetic FP measurements in cuvettes.
T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 154
KW - Antibody
KW - Coffee
KW - ELISA
KW - Fluorophore tracer
KW - Wastewater
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-392506
SN - 978-3-9818270-2-6
SN - 1613-4249
VL - 154
SP - 1
EP - 124
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-39250
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rautenberg, Max
A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit
A1 - Witt, Julia
A1 - Jain, Mohit
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - In situ time-resolved monitoring of mixed-ligand metal–organic framework mechanosynthesis
N2 - The mechanism of mixed-ligand metal–organic framework (MOF) formation, and the possible role of intermediate single-ligand metal complexes during mechanosynthesis, have not been explored yet. For the first time, we report here in situ real-time monitoring of the mechanochemical formation mechanism of mixed-ligand MOFs. Our results show that binary phases can act as intermediates or competing products in one-pot and stepwise synthesis.
KW - Mechanochemistry
KW - Metal-organic-frameworks
KW - In situ X-ray diffraction
KW - Mixed-ligand MOFs
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-558167
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CE00803C
SP - 1
EP - 4
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-55816
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - INPR
A1 - Morcillo, Dalia
A1 - Oelze, Marcus
A1 - Seena Prem, Pranav
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique
T1 - Lithium isotope fractionation as an early indicator of degradation mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries
N2 - Aging in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) degrades performance and hinders sustainability, demanding advanced diagnostics for early failure prediction. We investigate lithium isotope fractionation (LIF) as an innovative probe of degradation in lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) coin cells aged over 0−700 cycles. High-precision multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) quantified δ7Li variations across cell stages: non-cycled (0 cycles), newly formed (5 cycles), semi-aged (250 cycles), and fully aged (700 cycles). During early cycling (≤ 45 cycles), chemical processes drive 7Li enrichment at the anode (δ7Li vs LSVEC = +12 ‰) through solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, while the cathode depletes in 7Li (δ7Li vs LSVEC = −0.7 ‰). Beyond 45 cycles, electric field-induced migration predominates, promoting 6Li intercalation into the anode and increasing the δ7Li of the cathode by 8.1 ‰. Mass balance verifies isotope conservation, attributing shifts to redistribution and trapping. Complementary electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffraction confirm SEI expansion, cobalt oxidation, lattice shrinkage, and changes in electrode structure, corroborating LIF trends. Notably, a δ7Li inflection at approximately 270 cycles anticipates end-of-life by 70 cycles, surpassing traditional methods in sensitivity. LIF emerges as a predictive indicator of aging mechanisms, informing optimized designs for durable LIBs.
KW - Lithium isotope fractionation
KW - Lithium-ion batteries
KW - Degradation mechanisms
KW - LiCoO2 cathodes
KW - LCO
KW - Isotopic tracing
KW - Lithium isotopes
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-650945
DO - https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-16lvq
SP - 1
EP - 19
AN - OPUS4-65094
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chakraborty, Gouri
A1 - Das, Prasenjit
A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Thomas, Arne
T1 - Room-temperature superprotonic conductivity in COOH-functionalized multicomponent covalent organic frameworks
N2 - In solid materials, the development of hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) networks within pores is crucial for efficient proton conductance. In this study, a chemically stable carboxylic acid-functionalized, quinoline-linked 2D microporous covalent organic framework (COF) (Qy-COOH) was synthesized using the Doebner multicomponent reaction (MCR) and compared to a similar framework lacking the –COOH functionality (Qy-H), prepared via an MC Domino reaction. The proton conductivity of the –COOH-functionalized MCR-COF was significantly enhanced, reaching 10−2 S cm−1, attributed to strong H-bonding interactions between water molecules and the dangling –COOH groups within the COF pores. In contrast, the analogous Qy-H framework exhibited a much lower proton conductivity of 10−5 S cm−1, while an imine-based COF showed only 10−6 S cm−1. This work represents the first demonstration of a general strategy to achieve efficient proton conduction in a class of layered 2D –COOH-functionalized COFs, offering superprotonic conductivity without requiring additives at room temperature. The MCR-COF design approach provides a promising pathway for developing highly stable and high-performance proton-conducting materials.
KW - Multicomponebt
KW - COF
KW - Proton Conductivity
KW - Superprotonic
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653526
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SC06953J
SN - 2041-6520
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-65352
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit
A1 - Akhmetova, Irina
A1 - Rautenberg, Max
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - Mechanochemical synthesis of phosphonate-based proton conducting metal organic frameworks and hydrogen-bonded metal phosphonates
N2 - Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most promising alternative green energy technologies that deliver high energy density without CO2 emissions. The proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes (PEM) contributes to the overall efficiency of a PEMFC. Materials being used as PEMs must exhibit high proton conductivity at the working conditions of the targeted PEMFC. To date, Nafion and Nafion-like polymers with acidic functionality are widely used as membrane materials due to their high proton conductivity in the range of 10-1 to 10-2 Scm-1 at higher relative humidity. However, these materials suffer from high costs, hazardous production process, and poor performance at high temperatures, limiting their versatility.
In this context, crystalline porous materials are recognized as promising proton conductors for the proton exchange membrane (PEM) in fuel cell technology, owing to their tunable framework structure. However, it is still challenging bulk synthesis for real-world applications of these materials. Herein, we present mechanochemical gram-scale synthesis of series of mixed ligand metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (MHOFs) using phenylene diphosphonic acid and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid with different bipyridyl type of ligands, respectively. In all cases, the existence of extensive hydrogen bonds with amphiprotic uncoordinated phosphonate hydroxyl and oxygen atoms, the frameworks exhibited high proton conductivity. The study demonstrates the potential of green mechanosynthesis for preparations of framework-based proton conducting materials in bulk scale for green energy generation.
T2 - 4th International Conference on Phosphonate Chemistry, Science and Technology, ICOPHOS-4
CY - Crete, Greece
DA - 02.10.2023
KW - Proton exchange membrane fuel cells
KW - Metal organic frameworks
KW - Proton conducting materials
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58837
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Yusenko, Kirill
A1 - Stawski, Tomasz
A1 - Kulow, Anicó
A1 - Cakir, Cafer Tufan
A1 - Röder, Bettina
A1 - Naese, Christoph
A1 - Britzke, Ralf
A1 - Sintschuk, Michael
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - BAMline - A real-life sample materials research beamline
N2 - With increasing demand and environmental concerns, researchers are exploring new materials that can perform as well or better than traditional materials while reducing environmental impact. The BAMline, a real-life sample materials research beamline, provides unique insights into materials’ electronic and chemical structure at different time and length scales. The beamline specializes in x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and tomography experiments. This enables real-time optimization of material properties and performance for various applications, such as energy transfer, energy storage, catalysis, and corrosion resistance. This paper gives an overview of the analytical methods and sample environments of the BAMline, which cover non-destructive testing experiments in materials science, chemistry, biology, medicine, and cultural heritage. We also present our own synthesis methods, processes, and equipment developed specifically for the BAMline, and we give examples of synthesized materials and their potential applications. Finally, this article discusses the future perspectives of the BAMline and its potential for further advances in sustainable materials research.
KW - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
KW - Energy storage
KW - Environmental impacts
KW - Nondestructive testing techniques
KW - X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
KW - Corrosion
KW - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy
KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0157194
VL - 158
IS - 24
SP - 1
EP - 22
PB - AIP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-57824
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Dietzmann, Simon
T1 - Between Homogenous and Heterogenous Catalysis: Single-Atom-Catalysts
N2 - Catalysis is a very important process in chemistry as it lowers the energy barrier for chemical reactions. This saves energy and/or some reactions are only possible with a catalyst under the desired conditions (temperature and pressure). Catalysts can be roughly categorized depending on the phase they interact with the substrates in homogenous and heterogenous catalysis.
T2 - 5. Deutsche Tagung für Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Neutronen und Ionenstrahlen an Großgeräten (SNI2022)
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 05.09.2022
KW - Single-atom-catalyst
KW - Electrochemistry
KW - Porous carbons
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61989
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hörmann, Anja Franziska
T1 - Next Level Grazing Incidence, Part I: Standardization of Calibration and Alignment for Grazing Incidence Small-Angle (X-ray) Scattering
N2 - We present initial results of our survey on grazing incidence methods which focuses on hardware, software, sample alignment and instrument calibration. We illustrate both sample alignment and sample-to-detector distance calibration with data recorded at the MOUSE and conclude with promising results from our Bayesian beam optimization procedure based on Gaussian Process regression.
T2 - XIX edition of the International Small-Angle Scattering Conference (SAS2024)
CY - Taipei, Taiwan
DA - 04.11.2024
KW - Standardisation
KW - Grazing incidence
KW - Sample alignment
KW - Instrument calibration
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-62775
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Völzke, Holger
A1 - Nieslony, Gregor
A1 - Noack, Volker
A1 - Hagenow, Peter
A1 - Kovacs, Oliver
T1 - Current developments in container design testing for the Konrad repository
N2 - The Konrad repository for not heat generating radioactive wastes was licensed first in 2002. But due to legal actions this license has not been finally confirmed before 2007. Subsequently, the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) began scheduling backfitting of the former iron ore mine into a repository. The licensed repository volume is 303,000 m3 based on estimations of expected waste volumes to be disposed off although the mine itself would offer a much larger volume. Once the repository is ready for Operation, waste packages can be disposed, but this is not expected before the end of this decade. Nevertheless, there is already today a great interest in qualified and certified waste conditioning and packaging for disposal requiring Containers, tested, evaluated and certified by BAM and BfS.
Key points of the Konrad license concern comprehensive requirements for waste products and Containers. Details are described in BfS reports, which constitute the basic documents for the license. Following the final license confirmation a revision of these documents has been requested in order to include considerations of water poisoning substances. This work is currently done by BfS in Cooperation with the NLWKN of Lower Saxony and the Institute for Safety Technology (ISTec). Concerning the specification for Containers themselves no or only minor changes are expected.
T2 - KONTEC 2011 - 10. Internationales Symposium "Konditionierung radioaktiver Betriebs- und Stilllegungsabfälle"
CY - Dresden, Germany
DA - 06.04.2011
KW - Cask
KW - Safety
KW - Repository
KW - Design testing
KW - Radioactive waste
PY - 2011
SP - 683
EP - 695
AN - OPUS4-23672
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Völzke, Holger
A1 - Nieslony, Gregor
A1 - Noack, Volker
A1 - Hagenow, Peter
A1 - Kovacs, Oliver
T1 - Current developments in container design testing for the Konrad repository
N2 - At present BAM works on numerous applications for Container design testing for the Konrad repository. Some licensing procedures were successfully finished in the past and BfS certified several Container types like Steel sheet, concrete until cast iron containers which are now available for waste packaging for final disposal. However, large quantities of radioactive wastes had been placed into interim storage using containers which are not already approved for the Konrad repository. Safety assessment of these so-called “old” containers is a big challenge for all parties because documentation sheets about container design testing and fabrication often contain gaps or have not yet been completed. Appropriate solution strategies are currently under development and discussion. Furthermore, BAM has successfully initiated and established an Information forum, called “ERFA QM Konrad Containers”, which facilitates discussions on various issues of common interest with respect to Konrad container licensing procedures as well as the interpretation of disposal requirements under consideration of operational needs. Thus, it provides additional, valuable supports for container licensing procedures.
T2 - KONTEC 2011 - 10. Internationales Symposium "Konditionierung radioaktiver Betriebs- und Stilllegungsabfälle"
CY - Dresden, Germany
DA - 06.04.2011
KW - Radioactive waste
KW - Container
KW - Testing
KW - Konrad repository
PY - 2012
SN - 1431-5254
VL - 57
IS - 5
SP - 343
EP - 346
PB - Inforum
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-25988
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Völzke, Holger
A1 - Wolff, Dietmar
A1 - Barnabas, I.
A1 - Ordogh, M.
A1 - Shirai, K.
A1 - Saegusa, T.
A1 - Cho, C.-H.
A1 - Kook, D.
A1 - Lopez, J. F.
A1 - Conde, J. M.
A1 - Alejano, C.
A1 - Lloret, M.
A1 - Quecedo, M.
A1 - Shea, J.
A1 - Ross, P. J.
A1 - White, N.
A1 - Rossiter, G.
A1 - Hodgson, Z.
A1 - Sorenson, K.
A1 - McConnell, P.
A1 - Hanson, B.
ED - Sorenson, K.
ED - Shirai, K.
ED - Völzke, Holger
T1 - Extended storage collaboration program - International subcommittee report - International perspectives on technical data gaps associated with extended storage and transportation of used nuclear fuel
N2 - The US Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) chartered a volunteer committee in November 2009 to share information and data related to extended storage and subsequent transportation of used nuclear fuel. This committee is named the Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP) and was initially comprised of representatives from industry (fuel and cask vendors, utilities, the Nuclear Energy Institute, and EPRI), as well as government (e.g., US Department of Energy) and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The primary motivation for establishing this committee was the recognition that used fuel will need to be stored past the regulatory licensing timeframe. In the US, this is mainly a result of the cessation of licensing activities for the planned Yucca Mountain repository.
Recognizing that there is a global interest in extended storage and transportation, the International Subcommittee was established in December 2010 to extend the reach of ESCP internationally in order to fully address extended storage and transportation issues, as they apply to different systems, national policies, and regulations around the world. This Subcommittee serves to deepen the overall understanding of degradation mechanisms associated with storage and transportation systems, expand the access to data and programs related to extended storage and transportation, and strengthen the overall technical basis for programmatic decisions.
The International Subcommittee established three basic objectives:
1. Conduct a technical data gap survey
2. Assess opportunities to leverage specific research to benefit the larger international group
3. Integrate our work with relevant International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) committee work
This report constitutes completion of Objective #1. The International Subcommittee worked to identify and prioritize technical gaps that need to be addressed to support licensing activities within their own countries. Because there are varying types of storage and transportation system designs, national policies and regulations, there are identified commonalities as well as differences that stress the importance of this work on an international scale.
Section 5 of this report identifies and prioritizes all of the identified data gaps for each participating organization. However, important data gaps were identified that had a consensus of opinion of being a high priority. These technical gaps, as a function of storage system component are:
1. Fuel – hydride effects on fuel cladding and retrievability of fuel after storage
2. Canister – general canister corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of canister closure welds, particularly in marine environments
3. Closure – degradation of bolts and seals (metallic and organic)
4. Overpack – concrete degradation
Dry storage systems were originally designed for limited periods. With extended dry storage, it is generally believed that used fuel can be stored safely and securely past the regulatory time period. However, the technical arguments need to be made to justify extended licensing periods. Addressing the data gaps will provide the necessary arguments to justify license extensions.
In the development of this report, the International Subcommittee met five times over a period of 18 months to work through the issues of identifying and prioritizing the data gaps, and discussing of technical issues as they pertain to the safety of used fuel storage and transportation. The meeting locations and dates were:
1. Vienna June 2010
2. London October 2010
3. Charlotte December 2010
4. Berlin June 2011
5. Charlotte December 2011
This report is not meant to be a technical document. Rather, it is an overview of country regulatory policy, a review of in-country operational status and used fuel inventory, followed by a role-up of identification and prioritization of technical data gaps. Technical documents that were used in the data gap assessments are referenced.
It is important to note that this document represents only the opinions of the contributors. This document in no way represents any official country position. The organizations providing support to the writing of this report are:
Germany:
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung
Hungary:
- Radioaktiv Julladekokat Kezelo Kozhasznu
- Som System Kft.
Japan:
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
South Korea:
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Korea Radioactive Waste Management Corporation
Spain:
- Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear
- ENRESA Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radiactivos
- ENUSA Industrias Avanzadas
United Kingdom:
- EDF Energy
- National Nuclear Laboratory Ltd.
United States:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Sandia National Laboratories
KW - Used/spent fuel dry storage
KW - Used/spent fuel transportation
KW - Extended used/spent nuclear fuel storage
KW - High burnup spent fuel storage and transportation
KW - Spent fuel storage and transportation
KW - Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP)
KW - ESCP International Subcommittee
PY - 2012
UR - https://www.epri.com/research/products/1026481
N1 - This final report was prepared as part of the volunteer Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP).
VL - 1026481
SP - 1
EP - 132
PB - Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
CY - Palo Alto, CA, USA
AN - OPUS4-27405
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sauer, Hannah
A1 - Okpeke, Bright E.
A1 - Dzielendziak, Agnieszka S.
A1 - Eberwein, Robert
A1 - Baetcke, Lars
A1 - Ehlers, Sören
T1 - Comparative life cycle assessment of vacuum insulation panel core materials for liquid hydrogen storage tanks – glass bubbles compared to conventional core materials
N2 - The environmental performance of insulation materials for liquid hydrogen storage tank application is important to the development of sustainable supply chains. As new materials keep evolving, there is a need to assess their environmental impact. Therefore, this study investigates the environmental sustainability and circularity of cryogenic insulation concepts, namely vacuum insulation panels (VIPs), exclusively focussing on their core materials. Employing a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment model, the VIP core materials are investigated with a special focus on glass bubbles. Based on the results, the global warming potential of the considered core materials, namely, glass bubbles, silica aerogel, fumed silica, expanded perlite, glass fibre, and polyurethane foam is 9.21∗10^−2, 7.00, 2.50∗10^−1, 3.63∗10^−2, 6.68∗10^−2, and 1.88 kg CO2 eq. per functional unit, respectively. In general, silica aerogel and polyurethane foam are the least environmentally friendly materials, while the most sustainable is expanded perlite, followed by glass fibre, glass bubbles, and fumed silica.
KW - LH2
KW - Insulation
KW - Cryogenic storage tank
KW - Life Cycle Assessment
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655445
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153937
SN - 0360-3199
VL - 219
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-65544
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Roy, Arkendu
A1 - Kumar, Sourabh
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Götz, Emilia
A1 - Retzmann, Anika
A1 - Hickel, Tilmann
A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - Synergistic Catalytic Sites in High‐Entropy Metal Hydroxide Organic Framework for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
N2 - AbstractThe integration of multiple elements in a high‐entropy state is crucial in the design of high‐performance, durable electrocatalysts. High‐entropy metal hydroxide organic frameworks (HE‐MHOFs) are synthesized under mild solvothermal conditions. This novel crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF) features a random, homogeneous distribution of cations within high‐entropy hydroxide layers. HE‐MHOF exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), reaching a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at ≈1.64 VRHE, and demonstrates remarkable durability, maintaining a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for over 100 h. Notably, HE‐MHOF outperforms precious metal‐based electrocatalysts despite containing only ≈60% OER active metals. Ab initio calculations and operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) demonstrate that the high‐entropy catalyst contains active sites that facilitate a multifaceted OER mechanism. This study highlights the benefits of high‐entropy MOFs in developing noble metal‐free electrocatalysts, reducing reliance on precious metals, lowering metal loading (especially for Ni, Co, and Mn), and ultimately reducing costs for sustainable water electrolysis technologies.
KW - Electrocatalysis
KW - Green Hydrogen
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202408114
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-61739
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Dietzmann, Simon
T1 - Between Homogenous and Heterogenous Catalysis: Single-Atom-Catalysts
N2 - Catalysis is a very important process in chemistry as it lowers the energy barrier for chemical reactions. This saves energy and/or some reactions are only possible with a catalyst under the desired conditions (temperature and pressure). Catalysts can be roughly categorized depending on the phase they interact with the substrates in heterougenous and heterogenous catalyst
T2 - RÅC international summer school
CY - Varberg, Sweden
DA - 14.08.2022
KW - Single-atom-catalyst
KW - Electrochemistry
KW - Porous carbons
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61983
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -