TY - JOUR A1 - Ringleb, F. A1 - Eylers, K. A1 - Teubner, T. A1 - Boeck, T. A1 - Symietz, Christian A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Andree, Stefan A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Heidmann, B. A1 - Schmid, M. A1 - Lux-Steiner, M. T1 - Regularly arranged indium islands on glass/molybdenum substrates upon femtosecond laser and physical vapor deposition processing N2 - A bottom-up approach is presented for the production of arrays of indium islands on a molybdenum layer on glass, which can serve as micro-sized precursors for indium compounds such as copper-indium-gallium-diselenide used in photovoltaics. Femtosecond laser ablation of glass and a subsequent deposition of a molybdenum film or direct laser processing of the molybdenum film both allow the preferential nucleation and growth of indium islands at the predefined locations in a following indium-based physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. A proper choice of laser and deposition parameters ensures the controlled growth of indium islands exclusively at the laser ablated spots. Based on a statistical analysis, these results are compared to the non-structured molybdenum surface, leading to randomly grown indium islands after PVD. KW - Femtosecond laser KW - Physical vapor deposition KW - Indium KW - Molybdenum substrate KW - Microconcentrator solar cell PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4943794 SN - 0003-6951 VL - 108 IS - 11 SP - 111904-1 EP - 111904-4 AN - OPUS4-35602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar T1 - Unterstützung der Marktüberwachung - Steigerung der Glaubwürdigkeit produktbezogener Energieeffizienz-Instrumente der EU N2 - Vorstellung eines Projektes zur Evaluierung bestehender Prüfmethoden und zur Entwicklung von Werkzeugen für die Marktüberwachung. T2 - Experten-Workshop des VZBZ CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.03.2016 KW - Marktüberwachung KW - Ökodesign KW - Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35530 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar T1 - Transformatoren, Netzteile und USV - Stand und Überwachung der EU-Verordnungen N2 - Zusammenfassung des Ökodesigns, Berichterstattung über den Stand der EU-Verordnungen, der diesbezüglichen Marktüberwachungstätigkeiten und Überblick über aktuelle Diskussionen bei der europäischen Kommission über Produktprüfungen von Industriegütern. T2 - Jahrestagung des ZVEI - Zentralverband Elektrotechnik- und Elektronikindustrie CY - Magdeburg DA - 11.04.2016 KW - Ökodesign KW - Marktüberwachung KW - Industriegüter PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35740 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Aktuelles zur Weiterentwicklung der IAEA Transportempfehlungen N2 - Die IAEA Transportempfehlungen stellen die Basis der sicherheitstechnischen Anforderungen von Behältern zum Transport radioaktiver Stoffe dar. Sie gelten als international harmonsiert und werden regelmäßig an den Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik angepasst. Der laufende Revisionsprozess berücksichtigt mehr als 150 Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung des Regelwerks. Wesentliche Themen, die für die hoheitlichen Prüfungen im Zuständigkeitsbereich der BAM eine Rolle spielen, werden im Vortrag vorgestellt. Das Implementieren der besonderen sicherheitstechnischen Anforderungen an Zwischenlagerbehälter werden im Detail behandelt. Ebenfalls von Interesse ist die Weiterenticklung der Anforderungen, die den Einfluss des radioaktiven Inventars auf das Verschlusssystem bei Fallprüfungen diskutiert. T2 - 5. RAM-Behältersicherheitstage CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 16.03.2016 KW - IAEA KW - Transportbehälter KW - Sicherheitstechnische Auslegung KW - Dual purpose casks KW - Fallprüfungen PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35655 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Kammermeier, Michael A1 - Koeppe, Tabea A1 - Werner, Klaus-Dieter ED - Nicoletto, G. ED - Pastrama, S.D. ED - Emri, I. T1 - High dynamic measurement of strain and acceleration using a multichannel measuring system with single cable serial connection N2 - Strain and acceleration measurement during high dynamic drop tests, e.g., of containments for dangerous goods is performed using high speed multichannel measuring systems. So far established and operated systems need a cable connection of every strain gauge and acceleration sensor with the measuring device, often counting up to a number of more than 100 cables, corresponding to the number of applied sensors. The result is a massive cable harness consisting of all single cables, which is difficult to handle and causes a number of practical problems. An innovative approach is proposed by using a single cable measuring system, consisting of measuring modules with data bus connection and local data acquisition. Promising results were presented in a previous study. This paper follows up with additional results from full-scale testing of a further enhanced single cable system for the application in drop tests. T2 - 32nd DANUBIA ADRIA SYMPOSIUM on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Starý Smokovec, Slovakia DA - 22.09.2015 KW - Multichannel measuring KW - Single cable serial connection KW - Dangerous goods container KW - Drop test KW - High impact testing PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2016.03.023 SN - 2214-7853 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 931 EP - 935 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-35689 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrov, Sergej A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Werner, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wosniok, Aleksander A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias ED - Nicoletto, G. ED - Pastrama, S.D. ED - Emri, I. T1 - Concept for investigating mechanical and thermal impacts on distributed subsurface gas monitoring N2 - A multifunctional sensor in line shape was developed and introduced in previous work for measuring of gas concentrations, temperature change, and strain. A current field study focuses on a spatially distributed monitoring of subsurface CO 2 gas storage sites in near real time. Mechanical impacts, e.g., caused by construction work, denudation, and seismic activity, can affect the integrity of underground gas storage sites. Thermal or moisture impacts, e.g., caused by weather conditions, can influence the gas Distribution behavior. In this paper, we briefly describe the setup of a CO 2 injection soil test field. This setup contains actuating elements for the investigation of mechanical and thermal impacts on distributed subsurface gas monitoring. A concept is given for evaluating these impacts and first experimental results are presented. T2 - 32nd DANUBIA ADRIA SYMPOSIUM on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Starý Smokovec, Slovakia DA - 22.09.2015 KW - Linear sensor KW - Distributed sensor KW - Monitoring of CO 2 KW - Subsurface monitoring KW - Gas storage areas KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Fibre optical sensing PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2016.03.060 SN - 2214-7853 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 1124 EP - 1128 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-35688 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Research activities at BAM related to extended spent fuel and HLW storage N2 - This presentation starts with a brief overview about the current situation of spent nuclear fuel and high level waste storage in Germany followed by a discussion of the expected timeline towards final disposal. Furthermore an overview is presented about research programmes for radioactive waste disposal and also extended interim storage issues due to the delay of the national repository siting procedure. In the second part of the presentation BAM research activities related to extended interim storage are addressed. This includes the status and preliminary results of proactive R&D projects concerning metal seals, degradation effects of polymers used as neutron shielding materials and finally elastomer seals. T2 - RIC 2016 - 28th Annual regulatory information conference CY - North Bethesda, Maryland, USA DA - 08.03.2016 KW - Spent Fuel KW - Extended interim storage KW - Radioactive waste KW - Degradation effects PY - 2016 UR - https://ric.nrc-gateway.gov/docs/abstracts/volzkeh-w22-hv.pdf AN - OPUS4-35614 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Safety demonstrations with regard to extended interim storage N2 - This presentation addresses safety aspects concerning dual purpose casks for transportation and storage of spent fuel and high level radioactive waste. The long term performance of casks and their safety relevant components like sealed lid systems and the long term performance of cask internals, especially spent fuel assemblies are discussed. Transportation after interim storage is another key issue and due to the fact of delayed disposal projects current interim storage periods need to be extended causing additional safety demonstration needs for longer periods of time. Regarding this situation present BAM research activities in this area and their preliminary outcomes are presented. T2 - 5. RAM-Behältersicherheitstage CY - Berlin DA - 16.03.2016 KW - Interim storage KW - Radioactive waste KW - Spent fuel KW - Safety PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Ebert, S. A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias ED - Nicoletto, G. ED - Dan Pastrama, S. ED - Emri, I. T1 - Inverse calibration routine for linear soil gas sensors N2 - Gas sensors in linear form based on the measuring principle of gas selective permeability through a membrane were developed and introduced for the detection and quantification of gas concentrations. A current field study focuses on measuring CO2 concentrations for a spatially distributed monitoring of subsurface CO2 gas storage sites in near real time. A 400 m² test site and a corresponding laboratory system were built up to characterize, validate, and optimize the sensor. A calibration routine was developed, which can be applied subsequently to underground installation. First measurement results indicate the potential of the method. T2 - 32nd Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Starý Smokovec, Slovakia DA - 22.09.2015 KW - Linear sensor KW - Distributed sensor KW - Subsurface monitoring KW - Gas storage areas KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Calibration PY - 2016 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221478531600256X DO - https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2016.03.051 SN - 2214-7853 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 1074 EP - 1078 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-35633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Influence of a nanoscale confinement on the dynamics of discotic liquid crystals investigated by inelastic neutron scattering and relaxation spectroscopy N2 - Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are self-assembled materials where self-assembly is driven by non-covalent intermolecular interactions. The corresponding molecules consist of a flat and rigid aromatic core substituted by flexible aliphatic side chains. While the former is responsible for the π-stacking, the latter gives rise to an increased solubility, processability, and rich thermotropic behavior. The disc-shaped molecules form columns that further assemble into two-dimensional arrays with a hexagonal mesophase. The alkyl chains fill the intracolumnar space giving rise to a nanophase separated state. Two different homologous systems based on triphenylene derivatives were investigated as model systems for DCLs where the length of the aliphatic side chains is widely varied. Measurements were carried out in the bulk state and confined to the nanometre wide channels of anodic aluminum membranes (Pore diameter 20 nm, 40nm, 80 nm and 180 nm) by means of inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering. These investigations were accompanied by calorimetry and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. From the neutron scattering experiments the vibrational density of states (Boson Peak) from neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy, the molecular dynamics on a time scale of ca. 1 ns (elastic scans from neutron backscattering spectrometers) as well as quasielastic neutron scattering by a combination of time-of-flight spectroscopy and backscattering were considered. Structural information is retrieved by X-ray diffraction carried out on a synchrotron. The dynamics of these unique soft matter materials are discussed in detail considering their structure (length of the aliphatic side chain), the effect of self-confinement (of the aliphatic chains in the intracolumnar space) and of outer confinement (influence of the pore size). Comparison is further made to pyrene based system. T2 - 18. International Seminar on Neutron Scattering Investigations in Condensed Matter CY - Poznan, Poland DA - 12.05.2016 KW - Discotic liquid crystals KW - Nanoconfinement KW - Neutron scattering PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36059 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Worzewski, Tamara A1 - Röllig, Mathias A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Doroshtnasir, M. A1 - Steinfurth, H. A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer T1 - Thermographic inspection of a wind turbine rotor blade segment utilizing natural conditions as excitation source, Part I: Solar excitation for detecting deep structures in GFRP N2 - This study evaluates whether subsurface features in rotor blades, mainly made of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics (GFRP), can generally be detected with ‘‘solar thermography”. First, the suitability of the sun is tested for acting as a heat source for applying active thermography on a 30 mm thick GFRP test specimen. Second, a defective rotor blade segment is inspected outdoors under ideal natural conditions using the sun as excitation source. Additionally, numerical FEM-simulations are performed and the comparability between experiment and simulation is evaluated for outdoor measurements. KW - NDT KW - Numerical simulation KW - Solar excitation KW - On-site inspection KW - Structural health monitoring PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2016.04.011 SN - 1350-4495 VL - 76 SP - 756 EP - 766 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-36076 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Worzewski, Tamara A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer A1 - Doroshtnasir, M. T1 - Thermographic inspection of wind turbine rotor blade segment utilizing natural conditions as excitation source, Part II: The effect of climatic conditions on thermographic inspections – A long term outdoor experiment N2 - The present study continues the work described in part I of this paper in evaluating a longterm-experiment, where a rotor blade segment of a wind turbine is exposed to the elements and thereby monitored with passive thermography. First, it is investigated whether subsurface features in rotor blades – mainly made of GFRP – can generally be detected with thermography from greater distances under favorable conditions. The suitability of the sun for acting as a heat source in applying active thermography has been tested in the previous study. In this study, the climatic influence on thermographic measurement is evaluated. It is demonstrated that there are favorable and unfavorable circumstances for imaging thermal contrasts which reflect inner structures and other subsurface features like potential defects. It turns out that solar radiation serves as a very effective heat source, but not at all times of day. Other environmental influences such as diurnal temperature variations also create temperature contrasts that permit conclusions on subsurface features. Particular scenarios are reconstructed with FEM-simulations in order to gain deeper insight into the driving mechanisms that produce the observed thermal contrasts. These investigations may help planning useful outdoor operations for inspecting rotor blades with thermography. KW - NDT KW - Meteorological influence KW - Long-term experiment KW - FEM KW - On-site inspection PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2016.04.012 SN - 1350-4495 VL - 76 SP - 767 EP - 776 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-36078 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Transport von Großkomponenten aus der Stilllegung kerntechnischer Anlagen in Deutschland-Erfahrungen bei der mechanischen Integritätsbewertung N2 - Im Zuge des Rückbaus kerntechnischer Anlagen in Deutschland müssen u. a. Großkomponenten (Dampferzeuger, Reaktordruckbehälter) über öffentliche Verkehrswege in Zwischenlager transportiert werden, in denen sie zerlegt bzw. zwischengelagert werden. Für diese Versandstücke ist eine mechanische Integritätsbewertung, nach den Vorschriften der Internationalen Atomenergie-Organisation (IAEO), notwendig, die in der Regel unter dem Einsatz einer komplexen numerischen Berechnung erfolgt. ---------------------------------------------------------- In the course of decommissioning of power plants in Germany large nuclear components (steam generator, reactor pressure vessel) must be transported over public traffic routes to interim storage facilities, where they are dismantled or stored temporarily. For these packages a safety evaluation considering the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) transport regulations is necessary, preferably by a complex numerical analysis. KW - Radioaktive Stoffe KW - Transport KW - Mechanik KW - Numerische Analyse PY - 2016 SN - 0005-6650 VL - 91 IS - 5 SP - 188 EP - 192 PB - Springer VDI Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-36016 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Agroui, K. T1 - Analysis techniques of polymeric encapsulant materials for photovoltaic modules: Situation and perspectives N2 - The properties of the encapsulant are critical to the long-term performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules under the influence of sunlight including UV, elevated temperature, humidity and diffusion of oxygen. Encapsulation process represents about 40% of the whole PV module cost. The introduction of new non-EVA encapsulant material type “Low-Cost, High-Performance” should provide a solution to outdoor yellowing degradation problems. The emerging encapsulant materials exhibit a good compatibility with emerging PV solar cells for long term durability. This new generation of encapsulant materials has the advantage to improve the PV module performances and long term durability for specific climate like desert regions. This scientific contribution presents an overview of the different encapsulant materials currently on the market, the general requirements of the emerging encapsulant materials and characterizations techniques for degradation, diagnostic and reliability lifetime estimation in the framework of Algerian renewable energy strategy. T2 - Africa-EU Symposium on Renewable Energy Research and Innovation CY - Tlemcen, Algeria DA - 08.03.2016 KW - solar cells KW - PV module KW - polymer encapsulant KW - encapsulation KW - analysis techniques PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Agroui, K. A1 - Jaunich, Matthias A1 - Hadj Arab, A. T1 - Analysis techniques of polymeric encapsulant materials for photovoltaic modules: Situation and perspectives N2 - The properties of the encapsulant are critical to the long-term performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules under the influence of sunlight including UV, elevated temperature, humidity and diffusion of oxygen. Encapsulation process represents about 40% of the whole PV module cost. The introduction of new non-EVA encapsulant material type “Low-Cost, High-Performance” should provide a solution to outdoor yellowing degradation problems. The emerging encapsulant materials exhibit a good compatibility with emerging PV solar cells for long term durability. This new generation of encapsulant materials has the advantage to improve the PV module performances and long term durability for specific climate like desert regions. This scientific contribution presents an overview of the different encapsulant materials currently on the market, the general requirements of the emerging encapsulant materials and characterizations techniques for degradation, diagnostic and reliability lifetime estimation in the framework of Algerian renewable energy strategy. T2 - Africa-EU Symposium on Renewable Energy Research and Innovation CY - Tlemcen, Algeria DA - 08.03.2016 KW - solar cells KW - PV modules KW - polymer encapsulant KW - encapsulation KW - analysis techniques PY - 2016 SP - 27 EP - 27 PB - European Union Energy Initiative – Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEI PDF) CY - Eschborn, Germany AN - OPUS4-35917 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sporea, D. A1 - Mihai, L. A1 - Negut, Daniel A1 - Stajanca, Pavol A1 - Krebber, Katerina ED - Kalli, K. ED - Mendez, A. T1 - On-line monitoring of gamma irradiated perfluorinated polymer optical fiber N2 - In this paper, we present the first results regarding the on-line monitoring of gamma-ray exposure effects on a commercial multi-mode perfluorinated polymer optical fiber (PF-POF), type GigaPOF-50SR from Chromis Fiberoptics. Our focus was to evaluate on-line the radiation induced attenuation (RIA) over a wide spectral range (320 nm – 1700 nm), in order to assess the fiber’s radiation hardness and its possible use in radiation detection. An Ocean Optics QE65000 high sensitivity spectrometer and a StellarNet near-IR spectrometer were used to cover the spectral ranges 200 nm – 1μm and 900 nm – 1.6 μm, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to monitor the recovery of the irradiation induced centers at room temperature. The study indicated that the optical fiber can be used as radiation monitor at low dose rates by measuring the attenuation in the UV, while higher dose rates irradiation can be observed by RIA monitoring at specific wavelengths in the visible spectral range. T2 - Photonics Europe 2016, Micro-Structured and Specialty Optical Fibers IV CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 03.04.2016 KW - electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy KW - Perfluorinated polymer optical fiber KW - radiation effects KW - gamma irradiation KW - radiation hardness KW - radiation induced attenuation KW - radiation dosimetry PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2230688 VL - 9886 SP - 98861Q-1 EP - 98861Q-6 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham, USA AN - OPUS4-35927 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rohwetter, Philipp A1 - Eisermann, René A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Random quadrature demodulation for direct detection single-pulse rayleigh C-OTDR N2 - We present a demodulation method that partially compensates for the nonlinear and random transfer function of fiber-optic direct detection coherent Rayleigh optical time-domain reflectometry (C-OTDR). Specifically, the proposed method is shown to improve the detection of small amplitude, high frequency dynamic optical fiber strain as it occurs in acoustic emission sensing. The method is applicable provided that the dynamic fiber strain to be sensed is known to affect a longer section of sensing fiber in a spatially homogeneous way. It is shown that this knowledge can be used to extract more quantitative information from the measured C-OTDR signal by averaging signal components from the affected fiber section in a suitable and efficient way. The theoretical basis of the method is developed and supporting experimental results are presented. KW - Optical fiber sensors KW - Coherent optical time-domain reflectometry (C-OTDR) KW - Fiber-optic speckle interferometry KW - Remote acoustic emission sensing PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2016.2557586 SN - 0733-8724 VL - 34 IS - 19 SP - 4437 EP - 4444 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ, USA AN - OPUS4-35948 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe T1 - ASME-Regelwerksentwicklung zu numerischen Nachweismethoden N2 - Es wird über die Weiterentwicklung des ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) – Regelwerks berichtet. Relevant für das Design von Behältern ist ASME BPVC (ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code) Section III Division 3. In den ASME BPVC in der Fassung von 2015 wurden dehnungsbasierte Bewertungskriterien aufgenommen. Eine dehnungsbasierte Bewertung erfordert die genaue Kenntnis der aufgetretenen Dehnungen, d.h. speziell möglichst genaue numerische Berechnungen der Behälterbeanspruchungsszenarien. Daher sind regulatorische Vorgaben notwendig für die Vorbereitung, Durchführung und Auswertung numerischer Simulationen. In einer Arbeitsgruppe (ASME Special Working Group on Computational Modeling for Explicit Dynamics) werden dazu Leitlinien für die Anwendung numerischer Berechnungsverfahren entwickelt. Im Vortrag werden diese Leitlinien vorgestellt. T2 - 5. RAM-Behältersicherheitstage CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.03.2016 KW - ASME KW - Regelwerk KW - Leitlinien KW - Numerische Nachweismethoden KW - Numerische Berechnungsverfahren PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35991 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akkerman, Floris T1 - Konformitätsprüfungen bei energieverbrauchsrelevanten Produkten - der Teufel steckt im Detail N2 - Vortrag zu den Herausforderungen bei Konformitätsprüfungen für energieverbrauchsrelevante Produkte. Nach einer Einführung zur Regelungslandschaft wird auf Mängel bei der Reproduzierbarkeit bestimmter Prüfungen und die Grenzen der Prüfbarkeit eingegangen. T2 - Thementag des VMPA "Realitätsnähe von Prüfungen" CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 24.5.2016 KW - Ökodesign KW - Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung KW - Konformitätsprüfung Messunsicherheit PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36262 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akkerman, Floris T1 - Recycling, Ressourceneffizienz und Abfallvermeidung als Produkteigenschaft? – Das Beispiel Ökodesignrichtlinie N2 - Die Richtlinie 2009/125/EU kurz Ökodesignrichtlinie, erlaubt dem Gesetzgeber Eingriffe in die Produktgestaltung. Die Kriterien für einzelne Produktkategorien werden als direkt anwendbaren EU-Verordnungen festgelegt. Zur Vorbereitung lässt die EU-Kommission eine Art vereinfachter Lebenszyklusanalyse (LCA) durchführen, um relevante Umweltauswirkungen zu identifizieren und Vorschläge zur deren Verbesserung zu machen, zunächst vor allem zur Energieeffizienz. Bekanntestes Beispiel ist das sog. Glühlampenverbot, eine Regelung zur Mindesteffizienz. In den letzten Jahren wächst das Interesse, das Potenzial der Richtlinie auch für andere Aspekte wie Ressourceneffizienz und der Umweltauswirkungen in der Produktion bzw. Entsorgung auszuschöpfen. Der Vortrag stellt die Richtlinie und ihre Möglichkeiten für den Bereich Recyclingfähigkeit dar. T2 - 20th Leibniz Conference on Advanced Science– Recycling CY - Lichtenwalde, Germany DA - 19.5.2016 KW - Ökodesign KW - Ressourceneffizienz KW - Recycling PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36264 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Tomographic reconstruction of soil gas distribution from multiple gas sources based on sparse sampling N2 - A monitoring method is introduced that creates twodimensional (2D) maps of the soil gas distribution. The method combines linear gas sensing technology for in-situ monitoring of gases in soil with the mapping capabilities of Computed Tomography (CT) to reconstruct spatial and temporal resolved gas distribution maps. A weighted iterative algebraic reconstruction method based on Maximum Likelihood with Expectation Maximization (MLEM) in combination with a source-by-source reconstruction approach is introduced that works with a sparse setup of orthogonally-aligned linear gas sensors. The reconstruction method successfully reduces artifact production, especially when multiple gas sources are present, allowing the discrimination between true and non-existing so-called ghost source locations. Experimental validation by controlled field experiments indicates the high potential of the proposed method for rapid gas leak localization and quantification with respect to Pipeline or underground gas storage issues. KW - Computed tomography KW - Gas distribution mapping and gas source localization KW - Discrimination of multiple gas sources KW - Distributed linear sensor KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Subsurface monitoring KW - Gas storage areas PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2016.2545103 SN - 1530-437X VL - 16 IS - 11 SP - 4501 EP - 4508 PB - IEEE - Inst. Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc CY - Hoes Lane, NJ, USA AN - OPUS4-36228 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Zusätzliche Anforderungen und Sicherheitsnachweise für eine verlängerte Zwischenlagerung von BE- und HAW-Behältern N2 - Bisherige Betriebserfahrungen und Erkenntnisse lassen die grundsätzliche Eignung der Transport- und Lagerbehälter auch über 40 Jahre hinaus erwarten. Eine Verlängerung der genehmigten Zwischenlagerdauer erfordert eine Neugenehmigung. Hierbei sind die zu diesem Zeitpunkt sicherheitstechnisch relevanten Eigenschaften der tatsächlich vorhandenen Inventare und Behälter zu berücksichtigen. Sicherheitstechnische Nachweise sind auf Grundlage belastbarer Daten und Erkenntnisse zu führen. Diese müssen rechtzeitig verfügbar sein (z.B. Betriebserfahrungen oder zusätzliche F&E-Programme z.B. zu Behälterdichtsystemen oder Inventarverhalten). Alterungsmanagementprogramme und periodische Sicherheits-überprüfungen während der Zwischenlagerung haben sowohl für die verlängerte Zwischenlagerung als auch für nachfolgende Transporte eine erhebliche Bedeutung.Die Schaffung eines spezifischen Regelwerks für die verlängerte Zwischenlagerung von Transport- und Lagerbehältern und deren nachfolgendem Abtransport unter Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen aus beiden Verwendungsbereichen erscheint sinnvoll. Eine verlängerte Zwischenlagerung dient ausschließlich der Überbrückung bis zur Endlagerung. Hierbei sollten die bestehenden Behälter und Inventare frühzeitig in die Überlegungen zur Definition von Anforderungen für die Endlagerung einbezogen werden. Die internationalen Entwicklungen und Untersuchungen im Bereich der längerfristigen Zwischenlagerung sollten zur Nutzung von Synergieeffekten weiter verfolgt, ausgewertet und mitgestaltet werden. T2 - Endlager-Symposium 2016 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 04.02.2016 KW - Verlängerte Zwischenlagerung KW - Extended interim storage KW - Bestrahlte Brennelemente KW - Spent Nuclear Fuel KW - Behälter für radioaktive Stoffe KW - Radioactive waste containers PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35413 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Ebert, S. A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Characteristic length measurement of a subsurface gas anomaly - A monitoring approach for heterogeneous flow path distributions N2 - Geogenic gases from natural sources, carbon dioxide (CO2) from a geological repository (carbon capture and storage - CCS) or a leaking gas pipeline can present serious risks in industrial and urban areas. To extend the lead time for risk treatment in such critical regions, reliable detection of gases within the shallow subsurface is required to observe critical gas accumulations before degassing into the atmosphere. A near real-time monitoring approach is introduced to determine the volumetric expansion of a leakinggas in the subsurface. Considering the pressure relaxation with the ambient air pressure, the approach enables the forecasting of the final size of a pressurized gas body in terms of characteristic lengths. According to theoretical basics, such a characteristic length, which enables us to perform a gas (safety) measurement based on a purely geometrical measure, behaves independently of subsurface properties,i.e., it enables a reliable quantification of the escaping gas irrespective of its heterogeneous or changingflow path distribution. A field test for a 10 l/min pinhole leakage injected into a 10 m long, 0.4 m wide, 0.95 m deep soil-filled trench that was equipped with linear sensors shows the lateral-vertical volumetric gas expansion along these sensors, and demonstrates the applicability of the characteristic length approach. KW - Monitoring KW - Carbon capture and storage KW - Leakage KW - Quantification KW - Subsurface KW - CO2 PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.02.008 SN - 1750-5836 VL - 2016 IS - 47 SP - 330 EP - 341 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-35425 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Extending interim storage of spent nuclear fuel: what are the needs and consequences? N2 - This presentation addresses the current German policy in nuclear waste management and illustrates significant changes throughout the last decades. With the reset of the high level waste repository siting process in 2013 the need for extending interim storage beyond initial license periods will become a future challenge. For that purpose knowledge needs to be enhanced and data gaps need to be closed timely. In addition, international collaboration in R&D and regulatory improvements are explained. T2 - NDC2016 7th Annual Nuclear Decommissioning Conference CY - Manchester, UK DA - 31.05.2016 KW - Nuclear waste management KW - Diposal KW - Storage cask KW - Safety KW - Extended storage PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36353 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Integration across storage, transportation and disposal – important elements of the German program N2 - This presentation addresses the following issues. Unexpected changes in national nuclear policy have significantly affected spent fuel management strategies. The initial German spent fuel and HLW disposal concept has been delayed and finally “reset” by federal law in 2013. Repository site selection criteria and procedures will be defined by the Disposal Commission’s report end of June 2016. Final site selection should be finished by 2031. The consistent German concept of dry interim storage in dual purpose casks has proven to be a safe and secure spent fuel management strategy. The need for the extended interim storage of spent fuel and HLW casks towards disposal implicates additional challenges for the nuclear waste management strategy in Germany. Recently, governmental research programs have been adjusted to address technical and scientific issues also in the predisposal area. Interim storage, subsequent transportation, and final disposal are closely linked. Integrated approaches concerning waste package designs and operations are supposed to be beneficial for the establishment of efficient long-term spent fuel and HLW management strategies. T2 - Reset of U.S. Nuclear Waste Management Strategy and Policy Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 17.05.2016 KW - Nuclear waste management KW - spent fuel storage KW - extended storage KW - nuclear waste disposal PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36354 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaunich, Matthias T1 - Investigations to predict the long term performance of polymeric components of storage casks for radioactive waste N2 - As a Federal institute for materials research and testing it is part of our tasks to evaluate the safety of casks designed for transport and/or storage of radioactive material. This includes the investigation of elastomeric seals and polymeric neutron shielding materials used in the containers. In this contribution we would like to present our research focused on the long term performance and associated changes of material properties of elastomeric seals (e.g. EPDM, FKM) and neutron shielding materials ((Ultra) High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) employed in storage casks. Our approach comprises accelerated ageing investigations at elevated temperatures and to some extent investigations of irradiated materials. As the requirements for the extended use of cables in nuclear power plants and for the long term use of cask components are to a certain extent similar, our work might be of interest for the workshop on “Cables ageing in nuclear power plants; R&D current status and forecast”. T2 - Cables ageing in nuclear power plants; R&D current status and forecast CY - Rez, Czech Republic DA - 24.05.2016 KW - Ageing KW - Lifetime evaluation KW - Rubber seal KW - Neutron shielding KW - Storage cask PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaunich, Matthias T1 - Use of rubber seals at low temperatures N2 - Rubber is widely used as sealing material in various applications. In many fields the function of seal materials at low temperatures is necessary. Therefore, the understanding of failure mechanisms that lead to leakage at low temperatures is of high importance. It is known that the material properties of rubbers are strongly temperature dependent. At low temperatures this is caused by the rubber-glass transition (abbr. glass transition). During continuous cooling, due to the glass transition the material changes from rubber-like entropy-elastic behaviour to stiff energy-elastic behaviour, that allows nearly no strain or retraction. Hence, rubbers are normally used above their glass transition. But as the minimum working temperature limit of elastomers cannot be defined globally and precisely, the lower operation temperature limit of rubber seals should be determined in dependence of the application conditions and the most relevant material properties. In this paper, wesummarize results of our temperature dependent investigation of seal material properties by classical thermal analysis as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), combined with measurements of standardized tests as compression set and the seal performance determined in component tests. To reduce the test time of compression set tests a faster technique was developed and applied. To study the influence of dynamic events on the seal performance and to enhance the understanding of occurring seal failure, a setup for a fast partial seal release was designed. T2 - RubberCon 2016 CY - Tampere, Finland DA - 08.06.2016 KW - O-Ring KW - Compression set KW - Leakage rate KW - Low temperature PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36514 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stajanca, Pavol T1 - Perfluorinated polymer optical fibers for gamma radiation monitoring N2 - The sensitivity of low loss perfluorinated polymer optical fiber (PF-POF) to gamma radiation is investigated for on line radiation monitoring purposes. The radiation induced attenuation (RIA) of a commercial PF-POF based on Cytop material is measured in the visible spectral region. The fiber RIA shows strong wavelength dependence with rapid increase towards the blue side of the spectrum. The wide range of radiation sensitivities is available via careful selection of appropriate monitoring wavelength. The accessible sensitivities span from 1.99 ± 0.01 dBm⁻¹/kGy measured at 890 nm to 140.9 ± 0.6 dBm⁻¹/kGy measured at 460 nm. The fairly high radiation sensitivity as well as its wide tunability makes the fiber a promising candidate for a broad range of applications. T2 - Sixth European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors CY - Limerick, Ireland DA - 31.05.2016 KW - Perfluorinated polymer optical fiber KW - Cytop KW - Gamma radiation KW - Optical fiber sensors KW - Radiation dosimetry PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2235528 AN - OPUS4-36460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stajanca, Pavol A1 - Mihai, L. A1 - Sporea, D. A1 - Negut, D. A1 - Krebber, Katerina ED - Lewis, E. T1 - Perfluorinated polymer optical fiber for gamma radiation monitoring N2 - The sensitivity of low-loss perfluorinated polymer optical fiber (PF-POF) to gamma radiation is investigated for on-line radiation monitoring purposes. The radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) of a commercial PF-POF based on Cytop material is measured in the visible spectral region. The fiber RIA shows strong wavelength dependence with rapid increase towards the blue side of the spectrum. The wide range of radiation sensitivities is available via careful selection of appropriate monitoring wavelength. The accessible sensitivities span from 1.6 ± 0.2 dBm-1/kGy measured at 750 nm to 18.3 ± 0.7 dBm-1/kGy measured at 420 nm. The fairly high radiation sensitivity as well as its wide tunability makes the fiber a promising candidate for a broad range of applications. T2 - Sixth European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors CY - Limerick, Ireland DA - 31.05.2016 KW - Perfluorinated polymer optical fiber KW - Cytop KW - gamma radiation KW - optical fiber sensors KW - radiation dosimetry PY - 2016 UR - http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=2525047&resultClick=1 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2235528 VL - 9916 SP - 99160H-1 EP - 99160H-4 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham, WA, USA AN - OPUS4-36461 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sentker, K. A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Columnar axial orientation of discotic liquid crystals in nanoporous solids N2 - Successful implementation of an optical polarimetry measurement setup. Due to wall anchoring interactions HAT6 embedded in an untreated alumina membrane exhibits a radial orientation for pore sizes in between 30 nm and 80 nm. Embedded in large membranes, pore size of 180 nm, HAT6 forms the favored hexagonal columnar phase along the pore axis. T2 - 80. Jahrestagung der DPG und DPG-Frühjahrstagung CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 06.03.2016 KW - Discotic Liquid Crystals KW - Nanoconfinement KW - Orientation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36479 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Redmer, Bernhard T1 - Recent Developments in Digital Industrial Radiography N2 - The lecture includes the following topics: - Computed Radiography with Phosphor Imaging Plates is gaining more and more importance for mobile inspection and Film Replacement. - New High Definition CR (HD CR) systems allow the CR application for Weld and Casting inspection with low energy X-rays. - New calibration methods enable the High Contrast Sensitivity Technology (HCS RT) for radiographic inspection. The contrast sensitivity can be enhanced by a factor of 10 in comparison to film. - New Digital Detector Arrays (DDA) are now available for stationary and mobile testing. They are also applied for automated defect recognition (ADR), CT, Back Scatter and Dual Energy Applications. - Back Scatter Techniques are increasingly applied for Security and NDT - Numeric Radiographic Modelling is applied for Experiment Planning, Film replacement, POD-calculations and training - Mobile and portable CT devices are suitable for non-destructive cross sectioning in nuclear power industry and aircraft applications. - Neutron radiography at research reactors was enhanced for visualisation of motions. T2 - Instituts-Kolloquium der Werkstoffwissenschaften an der TU Ilmenau und DGZfP AK Thüringen, 223. Sitzung CY - Ilmenau, Germany DA - 25.02.2016 KW - 3D-Rekonstruktion KW - Radiographie KW - Computer-Tomographie KW - Detektoren PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nützmann, Kathrin T1 - The influence of sulfur on initial high temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr model alloys N2 - Ferritic steels with Cr-contents up to 13 wt. % are used as heat exchanger or boiler tube materials in combustion based power plants. These materials are subject to aggressive corrosion caused by the reaction of the steel with highly corrosive gases under high temperatures up to 650°C. The early stages of corrosion and sulfidation especially and the influence of the Cr-content in the alloy are thereby not understood but of fundamental interest. Our work shows corrosion mechanisms and presents corrosion models for Fe and different Fe-Cr-alloys under pure SO2 und SO2+O2 atmospheres for different time scales. Modell alloys of high purity are used to focus on the reaction of the intended elements: Fe, Cr, S, and O. Long-time experiments (≥12h) took place in tube furnaces and short-time experiments (≥5min) in a special designed light furnace. Heating and cooling took place under inert atmosphere. The reactive gases were added not until the experimental temperature was reached. Samples were analyzed using high resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction using a micro focus setup and electron microscopy including FIB. Many earlier studies on corrosion and sulfidation on iron based alloys show a higher corrosion rate and material loss when sulfur was present in the atmosphere. In contrast, later studies propose an inhibiting effect of sulfur containing atmospheres. On the one side, most likely due to the formation of a protective layer of Mx(SO4)y -phases at the scale-gas interface. On the other side, a very recent study proposes the theory that MxSy-phases limit the further diffusion of elements. Up to now, no Mx(SO4)y –phases were detected in our samples, but sulfide phases nucleated within the oxide phases. For pure Fe our samples show FeS at the scale-metal interface working as a diffusion barrier for Fe-Cations from the base material in to the oxide scale. The above lying spalled off oxide-sulfide scale shows a wide area of small voids and accumulations of FeS-Crystals at the bottom. Under the main oxide scale a second generation of oxide-sulfide scale starts to form. For the Fe-Cr-alloys the inner oxide scale only shows FeS- and CrS-phases surrounded by hollow space. The here presented study will explain and discuss a new growth model for the shown phenomenon. T2 - 9th High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY - Ile des Embiez, France DA - 15.05.2016 KW - Sulfidation KW - Diffusion barrier KW - Fe-Cr alloys PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38250 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth T1 - German proposal for harmonisation of ISO 15363 and EN 10275 under lead of ISO N2 - Bei den Normen ISO 15363 und EN 10275 handelt es sich um den hydraulischen Ringaufweitungsversuch, der in der Rohrprüfung in der Industrie genutzt wird. Auf Vorschlag von Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung wurde im Arbeitsausschuss NA 062-01-53AA – Rohrprüfung - der Vorschlag eingebracht, beide Normen zu harmonisieren. Beide Normen sind fast identisch. Lediglich die verwendeten Symbole sind unterschiedlich. Daher soll in der ISO 15363 ein weiterer Anhang eingeführt werden, der eine Tabelle enthält, in der die Symbole der ISO 15363 und der EN 10275 gegenübergestellt werden. Die in der EN 10275 verwendeten Symbole entsprechen denen, die in Produktnormen für Stahlrohre verwendet werden. Der Normenharmonisierungsvorschlag, der unter dem Wiener Abkommen umgesetzt werden soll, wurde 2016 auf die Sitzung ISO TC 164 SC2 erfolgreich von deutscher Seite eingebracht. T2 - ISO TC 164 SC2 CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 24.10.2016 KW - ISO 15363 KW - EN 10275 KW - Harmonisation KW - Tube ring hydraulic pressure test KW - Vienna agreement PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38252 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Leak detection with linear soil gas sensors under field conditions - First experiences running a new measurement technique N2 - A 400 m² soil test field with gas injection system was built up, which enables an experimental validation of linear gas sensors for specific applications and gases in an application-relevant scale. Several injection and soil watering experiments with carbon dioxide (CO2) at different days with varying boundary conditions were performed indicating the potential of the method for, e.g., rapid leakage detection with respect to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) issues. T2 - IEEE Sensors 2016 CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 30.10.2016 KW - Soil test field KW - Membrane-based linear gas sensor KW - Leak detection KW - Field conditions PY - 2016 SN - 978-1-4799-8287-5 SN - 1930-0395 SP - B-3-65, 757 EP - 759 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-38244 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wollschläger, Nicole T1 - 3D reconstruction of thin porous TiO2 nano-particle films using focused ion beam technique N2 - The present talk serves the routine characterization of the porous structure of unordered anatase NP-fillings by screen printing. Therefore the Focused Ion Beam technique was used to cut a defined volume of material slice per slice of the given material. From each slice electron micrographs are recorded. The won stack of images is than further processed using binarization and segmentation to reconstruct either the mesh of particles or pores. From the calibrated length-scales in the scanning electron microscope it is possible to determine the particular volumes for pore and material. T2 - International Summer School: Nanoscience meets Metrology CY - Turin, Italy DA - 04.09.2016 KW - DSSC KW - Titanium dioxide KW - 3D reconstruction KW - Focused ion beam KW - Porosity PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38245 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. T1 - Leak detection with linear soil gas sensors under field conditions - First experiences running a new measurement technique N2 - A 400 m² soil test field with gas injection system was built up, which enables an experimental validation of linear gas sensors for specific applications and gases in an application-relevant scale. Several injection and soil watering experiments with carbon dioxide (CO2) at different days with varying boundary conditions were performed indicating the potential of the method for, e.g., rapid leakage detection with respect to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) issues. T2 - IEEE Sensors 2016 CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 30.10.2016 KW - Soil test field KW - Membrane-based linear gas sensor KW - Leak detection KW - Field conditions PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38247 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Apel, Andreas A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Moutarde, M. A1 - Sert, G. A1 - Caillard-Lizot, M.-T. A1 - Eckert, B. A1 - Konnai, A. A1 - Pstrak, D. A1 - Harvey, J. A1 - Desnoyers, B. A1 - Purcell, P. A1 - Fiaccabrino, V. T1 - Stowage during transport: a proposal for harmonization N2 - For stowage and retention during transport, the International Atomic EnergyAgency (IAEA) Transport regulations (SSR-6) only require that the package shall be securely stowed. Additional information is given in the IAEA guidance material (SSG-26), that includes specific load factors that should be considered in the safety demonstrations. Nevertheless, applicants commonly use other load factors to justify the design of the packaging attachment points. In particular, acceleration values vary between different countries and this may lead to difficulties during the validation of foreign approval certificates. Discussions with applicants identified that the load factors presented in the IAEA guidance material are not necessarily relevant for the different transport modes. For some modes, the load factors are representative of situations occurring in routine conditions of transport. For other modes, the load factors are more representative of situations occurring in normal or accident conditions of transport. Furthermore, the origins of the specified values are not clear. In this context, some IAEA TRANSSC members decided to review the stowage guidance. An international working group was constituted in 2013, including representatives of competent authorities, technical support organizations, and transport stakeholders. Several topics were discussed and many questions were raised during the two year review. For example, some discussions focused on Paper No.1031 2 the conditions which have to be considered for stowage design, both as relevant to the load factors used for strength and fatigue analysis, as well as the criteria which have to be considered for the package attachment points. In addition, related questions on operational aspects were also discussed. Overall, the working group concluded that new guidance material was warranted as input into SSG-26. As a result of those discussions, the international working group produced new guidance material for stowage in transport, addressing each of these topics. The proposal to modify the IAEA guidance material (SSG-26, Appendix IV), presented by France to the TRANSSC in the 2015 initiated Review cycle of the Regulations, was unanimously accepted and will be implemented in the next edition of the guidance material. T2 - PATRAM 2016 CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 18.09.2016 KW - Packages for radioactive material KW - IAEA regulations (SSR-6, SSG-26) KW - Tie-down and stowage KW - Load cases for transport KW - Design of the packaging attachment points PY - 2016 SP - Paper 1031, 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-38644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scheidemann, Robert A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Müller, Karsten T1 - Ermittlung dynamischer Kennwerte von Dämpferbeton für die Simulation des Beanspruchungsverhaltens N2 - Die Sicherheit und Integrität von Verpackungen radioaktiver Stoffe wird anhand von numerischen Berechnungen bewertet. Bei einem Anprall oder Absturz sind die mechanischen Beanspruchungen auf die Behälter auch von den Eigenschaften des Untergrunds abhängig. Um potentielle Gefahren während der Verladung zu minimieren, wird energieabsorbierender Dämpferbeton in den Handhabungsbereichen nuklearer Lager eingesetzt. Zu einer umfassenden sicherheitstechnischen Analyse und Bewertung gehört die Berücksichtigung des Beanspruchungsverhaltens von Dämpferbeton. Hierfür ist ein numerisches Materialmodell notwendig, das in der Literatur bisher nicht vorlag. Die dafür notwendigen dynamischen Kennwerte sind in verschiedenen Druck- und Eindringversuchen ermittelt worden. Dazu wurden dynamische Druckversuche an würfelförmigen Prüfkörpern durchgeführt, sowie Eindringversuche mit unterschiedlichen Eindringkörpern und Dämpferbetonproben. Die experimentell ermittelten Kennwerte wurden verwendet, um ein Materialmodell für Dämpferbeton zu entwickeln und kritische Beanspruchungsszenarien numerisch zu berechnen. Um die Qualität des Materialmodells zu überprüfen, wurde ein realitätsnaher Fallversuch eines Behälters in Originalgröße auf ein lagertypisches Dämpferbetonfundament durchgeführt. In dem Beitrag sollen die unterschiedlichen Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung dynamischer Kennwerte sowie deren Ergebnisse dargestellt werden. Gezeigt werden ebenso numerische Nachberechnungen einzelner Versuche sowie die ausführliche Berechnung des Fallversuchs im Originalmaßstab. Experimentelle und numerische Ergebnisse aus der Simulation werden hier gegenübergestellt. T2 - Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2016 CY - Neu-Ulm, Germany DA - 01.12.2016 KW - Druckversuche KW - Eindringversuche KW - Dynamisch KW - Simulation KW - Materialmodell KW - Dämpferbeton PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-514-00830-4 VL - 2016 SP - 149 EP - 154 PB - Stahleisen GmbH CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-38580 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Nofz, Marianne A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Saliwan Neumann, Romeo A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Aluminiumoxid als Schutzschicht für kommerzielle Kraftwerksstähle (Teil 1) N2 - In Kohlekraftwerken mit Oxyfuel-Technologie erfolgt die Verbrennung unter Zufuhr von reinem Sauerstoff. Damit steht für die Abscheidung und Speicherung von CO2 ein Rauchgas mit hohem CO2-Anteil zur Verfügung (CCS-Technologie). Aufgrund dieses Verbrennungsprozesses ändert sich im Wesentlichen die Rauchgaszusammensetzung hin zu hohem H2O- und SO2 -Anteil. Deshalb wurden in verschiedenen Laboratorien kommerzielle Kraftwerksstähle unter den entsprechenden korrosiven Bedingungen getestet. Im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen Verbrennungsmethode zeigten die ferritisch-martensitischen Stähle schon nach 1000 h Auslagerungszeit unter Oxyfuel-Bedingungen eine durch einen deutlich erhöhten Materialverlust gekennzeichnete Korrosion. Eine Möglichkeit um dennoch die Lebensdauer dieser Stähle zu gewährleisten, besteht im Aufbringen geeigneter Schutzschichten auf die Stahloberfläche. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Herstellung und Bewertung von Sol-Gel-Aluminiumoxidschichten als Schutz vor Korrosion in Oxyfuel-Rauchgas-Atmosphäre. Diese wurden auf den warmfesten Stahl X20CrMoV12-1 (X20) mittels der Tauchmethode aufgebracht. Anschließend erfolgte eine Auslagerung der beschichteten Proben für 1000 h bei 600 °C in einer H2O-CO2-O2-SO2 -Atmosphäre. Im Vergleich zum unbeschichteten Stahl X20 war der Materialverlust des beschichteten Stahls deutlich geringer. Insbesondere konnte durch die Aluminiumoxidschicht der Transport von CO2 und SO2 zur Stahloberfläche verhindert werden. KW - Stahl KW - Korrosion KW - Aluminiumoxid KW - Sol-Gel PY - 2016 SN - 0016-4232 VL - 107 IS - 9 SP - 1900 EP - 1903 PB - Leuze Verlag CY - Bad Saulgau AN - OPUS4-38148 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Nofz, Marianne A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Saliwan Neumann, Romeo A1 - Kranzmann, Axel ED - Leuze-Reichert, Sylvia T1 - Aluminiumoxid als Schutzschicht für kommerzielle Kraftwerksstähle (Teil 2) N2 - In Kohlekraftwerken mit Oxyfuel-Technologie erfolgt die Verbrennung unter Zufuhr von reinem Sauerstoff. Damit steht für die Abscheidung und Speicherung von CO2 ein Rauchgas mit hohem CO2-Anteil zur Verfügung (CCS-Technologie). Aufgrund dieses Verbrennungsprozesses ändert sich im Wesentlichen die Rauchgaszusammensetzung hin zu hohem H2O- und SO2 -Anteil. Deshalb wurden in verschiedenen Laboratorien kommerzielle Kraftwerksstähle unter den entsprechenden korrosiven Bedingungen getestet. Im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen Verbrennungsmethode zeigten die ferritisch-martensitischen Stähle schon nach 1000 h Auslagerungszeit unter Oxyfuel-Bedingungen eine durch einen deutlich erhöhten Materialverlust gekennzeichnete Korrosion. Eine Möglichkeit um dennoch die Lebensdauer dieser Stähle zu gewährleisten, besteht im Aufbringen geeigneter Schutzschichten auf die Stahloberfläche. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Herstellung und Bewertung von Sol-Gel-Aluminiumoxidschichten als Schutz vor Korrosion in Oxyfuel-Rauchgas-Atmosphäre. Diese wurden auf den warmfesten Stahl X20CrMoV12-1 (X20) mittels der Tauchmethode aufgebracht. Anschließend erfolgte eine Auslagerung der beschichteten Proben für 1000 h bei 600 °C in einer H2O-CO2-O2-SO2 -Atmosphäre. Im Vergleich zum unbeschichteten Stahl X20 war der Materialverlust des beschichteten Stahls deutlich geringer. Insbesondere konnte durch die Aluminiumoxidschicht der Transport von CO2 und SO2 zur Stahloberfläche verhindert werden. KW - Stahl KW - Korrosion KW - Aluminiumoxid KW - Sol-Gel PY - 2016 SN - 0016-4232 VL - 107 IS - 10 SP - 2098 EP - 2102 PB - Leuze-Verlag CY - Bad Saulgau AN - OPUS4-38149 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Broadband dielectric spectroscopy as an orthogonal tool to mechanical analysis – From theory to applications N2 - The basics of broadband dielectric spectroscopy were introduced in detail. The analysis of the data was discussed. As application of broadband dielectric spectroscopy the alpha-relaxation (dynamic glass transition), the chain dynamics of polymers, and the behavior of a high performance polymer were illustrated. T2 - Geesthachter Polymertage CY - Geesthcht, Germany DA - 08.11.2016 KW - Broadband dielectric spectroscopy PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38185 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Linnemann, Konrad T1 - Analysis of parameters affecting the bending behavior of spent fuel rods N2 - Transport packages for spent nuclear fuel have to be assessed with respect to specific transport conditions which are defined in the regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The physical state of the spent fuel and the fuel rod cladding as well as the geometric configuration of the fuel assemblies are important inputs for the evaluation of the package capabilities under these conditions. Cracks or failures in the fuel rod cladding can cause the release of gas, volatiles or fuel particles into the cavity. The amount of substances in the cavity has to be considered in the assessment of the activity release and criticality safety. The mechanical analysis of the compound system formed by the fuel rod cladding and the spent fuel pellets is very difficult due to the limited knowledge of the material properties and the insufficient understanding of the interaction between pellets and cladding and between adjacent pellets. The variation of fuel assembly properties regarding cladding material, burn-up and the history of usage makes reliable predictions of the fuel rod behavior even harder. For a better understanding about the behavior of spent fuel rods, JRC-ITU and BAM have started a joint research project. In this context, JRC-ITU has developed a test device which allows quasi-static 3-point-bending test on fuel rod segments in the hot cell. The loads are applied with respect to the boundary conditions of the activity release assessment. This paper deals with the numerical calculation of a single fuel rod segment under bending load. The aim is to identify the governing mechanical parameters by the variation of constitutive assumptions, contact conditions, inner constraints, etc. This knowledge helps for the interpretation of the experimental results. Furthermore, the improved understanding about the behavior of the cladding-pellets system will be beneficial for the assessment of spent fuel transport conditions. T2 - 18th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials, PATRAM 2016 CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 18.09.2016 KW - Transport packages KW - Spent fuel assessment KW - Finite element methods PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38104 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stengel, Dominik T1 - Bericht zum Zwischenstand des Forschungsvorhabens MOSYTRAF N2 - Präsentation des Zwischenstands des Forschungsvorhabens MOSYTRAF mit erreichten Zielen, Einordnung der Ergebnisse und Ausblick auf eine weitere Laufzeit vor den Projektpartnern und -förderern. T2 - MOSYTRAF Projektgruppentreffen zum Zwischenstand CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 24.11.2016 KW - MOSYTRAF KW - Hochspannungs-Freileitungen KW - Dauerüberwachung PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38490 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaunich, Matthias T1 - Low temperature properties of elastomer seals - Comparison between purely static and partially released seals - N2 - Rubber is widely used as sealing material in various applications. In many fields the function of seal materials at low temperatures is necessary. Therefore the understanding of failure mechanisms that lead to leakage at low temperatures is of high importance. It is known that the material properties of rubbers are strongly temperature dependent. At low temperatures this is caused by the rubber-glass transition (abbr. glass transition). During continuous cooling the material changes from rubber-like entropy-elastic behaviour to stiff energy-elastic behaviour, that allows nearly no strain or retraction, due to the glass transition. Hence rubbers are normally used above their glass transition but the minimum working temperature limit is not defined precisely, what can cause problems during application. Therefore the lower operation temperature limit of rubber seals should be determined in dependence of the material properties. In the past we investigated the material properties and sealing behaviour of elastomeric seals at low temperatures. Additionally we started to study the effect of a small partial release of elastomer seals at low temperatures. To study the influence of dynamic events on seal performance and to enhance the understanding of occurring seal failure, a setup for a fast partial seal release was designed. In this contribution we focus on the correlation of material properties and component behaviour under different application conditions. It is desired to widen the understanding of the process of seal failure at low temperature. T2 - 12. Kautschuk Herbst Kolloquium CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 22.11.2016 KW - Seal behaviour KW - Partial release KW - Low temperature KW - Leakage rate PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38500 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaunich, Matthias A1 - Grelle, Tobias A1 - Wolff, Dietmar T1 - Low temperature properties of elastomer seals - Comparison between purely static and partially released seals - N2 - Rubber is widely used as sealing material in various applications. In many fields the function of seal materials at low temperatures is necessary. Therefore the understanding of failure mechanisms that lead to leakage at low temperatures is of high importance. It is known that the material properties of rubbers are strongly temperature dependent. At low temperatures this is caused by the rubber-glass transition (abbr. glass transition). During continuous cooling the material changes from rubber-like entropy-elastic behaviour to stiff energy-elastic behaviour, that allows nearly no strain or retraction, due to the glass transition. Hence rubbers are normally used above their glass transition but the minimum working temperature limit is not defined precisely, what can cause problems during application. Therefore the lower operation temperature limit of rubber seals should be determined in dependence of the material properties. In the past we investigated the material properties and sealing behaviour of elastomeric seals at low temperatures. Additionally we started to study the effect of a small partial release of elastomer seals at low temperatures. To study the influence of dynamic events on seal performance and to enhance the understanding of occurring seal failure, a setup for a fast partial seal release was designed. In this contribution we focus on the correlation of material properties and component behaviour under different application conditions. It is desired to widen the understanding of the process of seal failure at low temperature. T2 - 12. Kautschuk-Herbst-Kolloquium CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 22.11.2016 KW - Seal properties KW - Low temperature KW - Partial release KW - Leakage rate PY - 2016 SN - 9783981407648 SP - 34 AN - OPUS4-38501 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stephan, Christiane A1 - Greiner, D. A1 - Schorr, S. A1 - Kaufmann, Ch. T1 - The influence of sodium on the point defect characteristics in off stoichiometric CuInSe2 N2 - The device performance of polycrystalline chalcogenide thin film solar cells is strongly influenced by different kinds of defects within the material. The presence of sodium or other alkali metals like potassium during the deposition process is well known to influence the electronic properties of the solar cell and thus to improve the efficiency of the final device. Structural analysis of neutron powder diffraction data collected at low temperatures and subsequent profile analysis by the LeBail and Rietveld method demonstrates the impact of sodium on the point defect characteristics in off stoichiometric CuInSe2. The analyzed materials are powder and thin film solar absorber material with addition of NaF and free of sodium. It is illustrated, the so called “sodium effect” cannot be reduced to one single origin. A range of effects, the reduction of InCu donors with a followed increase of VCu acceptors is possible. The main effect is an increased ordered character of the chalcopyrite crystal structure at off stoichiometric composition, when containing sodium. KW - Semiconductors KW - Chalcogenides KW - Defects PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2016.07.022 SN - 0022-3697 VL - 2016 IS - 98 SP - 309 EP - 315 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-38462 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nehrig, Marko T1 - Effects of additional gases resulting from residual water inside ILW packages N2 - Packages for intermediate level waste (ILW) often contain residual water besides the actual waste. The water either exists as obvious free water or it may be bound physically or chemically, e.g. as pore water. A water driven gas generation could occur by vaporisation and by radiolysis. Steam as the result of vaporisation causes an increasing pressure inside a package and can affect corrosion. Vaporisation and condensation processes itself change the thermal behavior of the content especially during strongly unsteady thermal situations like accident fire situations. Radiolysis changes the chemical composition of the content which could cause an unexpected interaction, e.g. hydrogen embrittlement. Besides the pressure build-up the radiolysis of water generates hydrogen and oxygen, which can be highly flammable respectively explosive. The gas generation caused by vaporisation and radiolysis must be taken into account during the design and the safety assessment of a package. Pressure build-up, a changed thermal behavior and content chemistry, and especially the risk of accumulation of combustible gases exceeding the limiting concentration for flammability has to be considered in the safety assessment. Approaches to ensure the transportability of stored packages due to radiolysis will be discussed. T2 - ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference (PVP2016) CY - Vancouver, BC, Canada DA - 17.07.2016 KW - Radiocactive material KW - Thermal KW - Pressure build-up KW - Gas generation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38448 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nehrig, Marko A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Rolle, Annette A1 - Linnemann, Konrad T1 - Effects of additional gases resulting from residual water inside ILW packages N2 - Packages for intermediate level waste (ILW) often contain residual water besides the actual waste. The water either exists as obvious free water or it may be bound physically or chemically, e.g. as pore water. A water driven gas generation could occur by vaporisation and by radiolysis. Steam as the result of vaporisation causes an increasing pressure inside a package and can affect corrosion. Vaporisation and condensation processes itself change the thermal behavior of the content especially during strongly unsteady thermal situations like accident fire situations. Radiolysis changes the chemical composition of the content which could cause an unexpected interaction, e.g. hydrogen embrittlement. Besides the pressure build-up the radiolysis of water generates hydrogen and oxygen, which can be highly flammable respectively explosive. The gas generation caused by vaporisation and radiolysis must be taken into account during the design and the safety assessment of a package. Pressure build-up, a changed thermal behavior and content chemistry, and especially the risk of accumulation of combustible gases exceeding the limiting concentration for flammability has to be considered in the safety assessment. Approaches to ensure the transportability of stored packages due to radiolysis will be discussed. T2 - ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference (PVP2016) CY - Vancouver, BC, Canada DA - 17.07.2016 KW - Radioactive material KW - Pressure build-up KW - Gas generation PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-7918-5045-9 VL - 7 SP - Paper 63008, 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-38451 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nielow, Dustin T1 - In situ thermography of crack growth in sandwich shell segments with manufactured imperfections N2 - A new test rig for the efficient material testing of curved GFRP composite specimens is developed. The presented intermediate scale test facility allows the fatigue testing of representative shell segments of rotor blades for the wind power industry. The non-destructive condition monitoring is performed by a combination of thermography and optical 3 D deformation analysis, automated in situ throughout the fatigue test. In many cases cracks in the shells of wind turbine rotor blades are detected long time before the calculated lifetime of 20 years. As a consequence of the harsh weather conditions damage progress occurs, that causes costly in-service repairs. Approximately 70% to 80% of defects in rotor blades are the consequence of imperfections through the manufacturing process or the rotor blade design. Production-related imperfections are supposed to be one possible reason for crack formation and crack growth. Therefore, a test rig for shell structures is constructed and launched into operation. In the test bench sandwich shells and full laminate shells of different sizes with artificially created defects (e.g. wrinkles, laminate change, etc.) are tested under cyclic tension and compression load. The characterization of the damage state and evolution during the fatigue test by simultaneous passive thermography and optical 3D deformation analysis is performed. The in- and out-off-plane deformations of sandwich shells under cyclic tension and compression load are determined by optical 3 D deformation analysis (with ARAMIS). For the non-destructive detection of developing material defects (e.g. cracks) in the shells due to cyclic loading thermography is used. The passive thermography is well suited for the characterization of the crack formation and crack growth of composites during fatigue tests. The cyclic strain energy introduces the damage and the damage progress can be recorded and documented in the material. By thermography the damage is recognized in the laminate long time, before the surface of the painted specimen is damaged. The experiments show a correlation between the hotspots, observed by passive thermography and the location of the final failure. In the paper the design of the test bench and the results of the experiments will be presented. T2 - WCNDT 2016, 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - München, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - shell KW - composites KW - fatigue test KW - thermography KW - rotor balde KW - sandwich PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36557 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nielow, Dustin T1 - Effects of defects – Fertigungsbedingte Imperfektionen in Sandwichschalenstrukturen unter Betriebsbeanspruchungen N2 - In den Blattschalen von Rotorblättern von Windenergieanlagen (WEA) bilden sich häufig weit vor der projektierten Lebensdauer von 20 Jahren Risse aus. Durch Witterungseinflüsse kommt es zum Schadenfortschritt. Die Folge sind der Stillstand der Anlage und kostenintensive Reparaturen am Turm oder der komplette Austausch der Rotorblätter. Als eine mögliche Ursache der Rissentstehung und des Risswachtums gelten fertigungsbedingte Imperfektionen. Aufgrund der Effizienz werden Komponententests mit repräsentative Schalensegmenten und –ausschnitten von Rotorblättern angestrebt. Für diese Untersuchungen wurde ein Versuchsstand für die Prüfung von Schalenstrukturen konstruiert und an der BAM betrieben. Mit dem Versuchsstand kann der Einfluss von fertigungsbedingten Imperfektionen auf die Rissentstehung und das Risswachstum untersucht werden. In dem Prüfstand werden gekrümmte Sandwichschalen mit eingebrachten Imperfektionen (z.B. Schaumstöße, Laminatabstufungen) unter schwellender Druckbelastung untersucht. Die aufgebrachte Last entspricht realistischen Belastungsniveaus (z. B. 50 Jahres Böe) von Rotorblättern. Die in situ Zustandsüberwachung erfolgt kombiniert mittels Thermografie und der optischen 3 D Felddehnungsmessungen. Mit dem optischen 3 D Felddehnungssystem (ARAMIS) werden die In- und Out-Off-Plane Verformungen der Sandwichschale unter der zyklischen Schwingbelastung detektiert. Die zerstörungsfreie Detektion der Werkstoffermüdung (z.B. Risse) in den Schalenprüfkörpern infolge der zyklischen Beanspruchung erfolgt mittels begleitender passiver Thermografie. Mit den durchgeführten Versuchen konnte der Einfluss der unterschiedlichen fertigungsbedingten Imperfektionen auf die Betriebsfestigkeit der Sandwich Schalenprüfkörper herausgestellt werden. Aus diesen Erkenntnissen wurden für den Rotorblattbau Design Hinweise abgeleitet. Weiterhin wurde in den Versuchen die Eignung der kombinierten Zustandsüberwachung für die Detektion der Verformungsänderungen, Schadensentstehung und dem Schadensfortschritt nachgewiesen. Die kombinierte Zustandsüberwachung mittels Thermografie und der optischen 3 D Felddehnungsmessung eignet sich sehr gut zur Schadensdetektion von Sandwichstrukturen unter Schwingbeanspruchung. T2 - 8. Tagung: Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen CY - Haus der Technik, Essen, Deutschland DA - 16.06.2016 KW - Rotorblatt KW - Zerstörungsfreie Zustandsüberwachung KW - Sandwich Schalenstrukturen KW - FVK KW - Imperfektion KW - Betriebsfestigkeit KW - Schwingversuch PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36827 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Werner, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Petrov, Sergej A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Lazik, D. ED - Puente León, F. ED - Zagar, B. T1 - Aufbau eines großflächigen Testfeldes für verteilte Bodengassensorik und Untersuchung einer Monitoringmethode basierend auf Tomographie T1 - Setup of a large-scale test field for distributed soil gas sensors and testing of a monitoring method based on tomography N2 - A 400 m² soil test field with gas injection system was built up for the purpose of large-scale validation, optimization, and characterization of a novel comprehensive monitoring method for underground gas storage areas. The method combines gas sensing technology with linear form factor for in-situ monitoring of gases in soil with the mapping capabilities of Computed Tomography (CT) to reconstruct time-series of gas distribution maps based on samples of orthogonally-aligned linear gas sensors. Several injection experiments with carbon dioxide (CO2) at different days with varying boundary conditions indicates the potential of the method for, e.g., rapid leakage detection with respect to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) issues. N2 - Zur Validierung, Optimierung und praxisnahen Demonstration eines flächendeckenden Monitoringverfahrens für Untergrundgasspeichern wurde ein 400 m² großes Testfeld mit Gasinjektionssystem auf dem BAM Testgelände Technische Sicherheit aufgebaut. Die Methode kombiniert verteilte, linienförmige Gassensorik für die In-situ-Überwachung von Gasen im Boden mit den Mapping-Fähigkeiten der Computertomographie (CT). Auf Basis von orthogonal zueinander ausgerichteten linearen Gassensoren können mit diesem Verfahren so Zeitreihen der Gasverteilung rekonstruiert werden. Experimente mit Kohlendioxid (CO2) zeigen das Potential des Verfahrens zur schnellen Lokalisierung von Leckagen auf. KW - Soil test field KW - Distributed linear sensor KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Subsurface monitoring KW - Gas storage areas KW - Computed tomography PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2016-0015 SN - 2196-7113 SN - 0171-8096 VL - 83 IS - 10 SP - 606 EP - 615 PB - Walter de Gruyter GmbH CY - Berlin, Deutschland AN - OPUS4-37653 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Gap analysis by periodical reviews of transport package design safety reports of German SNF/HLW dual purpose casks N2 - Storage of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste in dual purpose casks (DPC) is related with the challenge of maintaining safety for transportation over several decades of storage. Beside consideration of aging mechanisms by appropriate design, material selection and operational controls to assure technical reliability by aging management measures, an essential issue is the continuous control and update of the DPC safety case. Not only the technical objects are subject of aging but also the safety demonstration basis is subject of “aging” due to possible changes of regulations, standards and scientific/technical knowledge. The basic document, defining the transport safety conditions, is the package design safety report (PDSR) for the transport version of the DPC. To ensure a safe transport in future to a destination which is not known yet (because of not yet existing repository sites) periodical reviews of the PDSR, in connection with periodic renewals of package design approval certificates, have to be carried out. The main reviewing tool is a gap analysis. A gap analysis for a PDSR is the assessment of the state of technical knowledge, standards and regulations regarding safety functions of structures, systems and components. T2 - 18th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials PATRAM2016 CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 18.09.2016 KW - Radioactive material KW - Gap analysis KW - Periodical review KW - Approved packages PY - 2016 SP - Paper 5004, 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-37641 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. T1 - Validation of membrane-based linear soil gas sensors – results from repetitive CO2 injection experiments performed in the field N2 - This work presents first results from repeti-tive CO2 injection experiments performed on a recently built-up 400 m² soil test field with gas injection system. The test field contains 48 membrane-based linear gas sensors that were installed in several depths of the test field. Sensors for measuring meteorological parameters (e.g., wind / rain) and the parameters soil temperature, soil moisture, and groundwater level were installed additionally. A more de-tailed description of the test field setup can be found in. A short description of the mem-brane-based linear gas sensors’ functional prin-ciple can be found in. T2 - 33rd Danubia- Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Distributed linear sensor KW - Gas distribution mapping and gas source localization KW - Gas storage areas KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Subsurface monitoring PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias ED - Aulova, Alexandra ED - Rogelj Ritonja, A. ED - Emri, I. T1 - Validation of membrane-based linear soil gas sensors – results from repetitive CO2 injection experiments performed in the field N2 - This work presents first results from repetitive CO2 injection experiments performed on a recently built-up 400 m² soil test field with gas injection system. The test field contains 48 membrane-based linear gas sensors that were installed in several depths of the test field. Sensors for measuring meteorological parameters (e.g., wind / rain) and the parameters soil temperature, soil moisture, and groundwater level were installed additionally. T2 - 33rd Danubia- Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Distributed linear sensor KW - Gas distribution mapping and gas source localization KW - Gas storage areas KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Subsurface monitoring PY - 2016 SN - 978-961-94081-0-0 SP - 174 EP - 175 CY - Ljubljana AN - OPUS4-37644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Ertel, Jens-Peter A1 - Sochor, M. A1 - Unseld, H. T1 - Nachbestimmung von Pfahllängen am Beispiel von Masten N2 - Im Rahmen der Lebensdauerverlängerung oder der Umnutzung von Bauwerken (z. B. Brücken, Bürogebäude oder Maste) müssen diese zum Teil neu bewertet werden. Dafür ist eine Nachrechnung für statische und dynamische Lastfälle erforderlich. Dies betrifft zum einen die Struktur selbst, die gegebenenfalls verstärkt werden muss. Aber auch die Gründung (oft Pfähle verschiedenster Typen) muss neu beurteilt werden. Nach mehreren Jahrzehnten sind jedoch für einige Bauwerke keine zuverlässigen Bestandsunterlagen verfügbar. Eine vollständige Freilegung der Pfähle verbietet sich aus Kostengründen sowie Verlust an Widerstand gegen Zug. Lediglich der Pfahlanschluss kann visuell begutachtet werden, um Pfahlzahl, -typ und Durchmesser zu bestimmen. Für die Bestimmung der Pfahllänge müssen zerstörungsfreie Verfahren eingesetzt werden. In einer Machbarkeitsstudie wurden von den Autoren teils im Blindversuch drei Verfahren evaluiert: die klassische Pfahlintegritätsprüfung nach der Hammerschlagmethode, eine mehrkanalige Variante hierzu und das Parallel-Seismik-Verfahren. Die ersten beiden Methoden lieferten an den untersuchten Pfählen nur in Einzelfällen verwertbare Ergebnisse. Die Parallel-Seismik-Methode lieferte auch im Blindversuch an Fundamenten, bei denen die Pfahllänge dem Eigentümer bekannt war, Ergebnisse mit einer Abweichung von max. 0,5 m. Diese Toleranz lässt sich bei der Standfestigkeitsbeurteilung berücksichtigen. Die Mehrkosten des Verfahrens (anders als bei den anderen Verfahren wird ein verrohrtes Bohrloch im Boden nahe dem Pfahl benötigt) halten sich in Grenzen, wenn man es in die geotechnische Untersuchung integriert. Daher wurde es inzwischen auch in der Praxis eingesetzt. Auch liegen die Gesamtkosten für die Untersuchung deutlich unter denen für eventuell notwendigen Ersatz – oder Verstärkungsmaßnahmen, die notwendig werden, wenn keine Daten zur Pfahllänge verfügbar sind. Der Vortrag erläutert die Ergebnisse der Machbarkeitsstudie, zeigt erste Praxisfälle und weist auf Möglichkeiten hin, das Parallel-Seismik Verfahren in Zukunft noch genauer und effizienter einzusetzen. T2 - 34. Baugrundtagung CY - Bielefeld, Germany DA - 15.09.2016 KW - Mast KW - Pfahl KW - Länge KW - Parallel-Seismik KW - Integritätsprüfung PY - 2016 SN - 9783946039013 SP - 31 EP - 36 PB - DGGT CY - Essen AN - OPUS4-37648 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Structure and dynamics of 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakis[hexyloxy] triphenylene in nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide membranes N2 - Due to their chemical structure, a rigid disk-like aromatic core and flexible alkyl chains attached to the core, discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) can organize and stack themselves into columns in a hexagonal columnar mesophase, a mesophase in between the plastic crystalline and isotropicphase. The overlap of the π orbitals of the aromatic core in the hexagonal columnar mesophase leads to a high charge-carrier mobilitie along the column axis – these columns can be considered as “moleculer nanowires” making liquid crystals a promising class of materials for electronic applications. Previous studies on DLCs showed that the phase behavior of DLCs is susceptible to nano confinement. Here in this study, the thermotropic collective orientational order of 2,3,6,7,10,11 hexakis[hexyloxy] triphenylene (HAT6), a triphenylene based DLC, and the effects of nano confinment on of its phase behavior were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). HAT6 was embedded into nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide membranes by melt infiltration in the isotropic phase under argon atmosphere. The filled membranes have the thickness of 80 µm and the diameter of 15mm and parallel aligned tubular nanopores having the pore diameters of 25, 40, 80 and 180 nm. The filling degree for each sample was checked by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to ensure complete filling. The bulk HAT6 forms, a hexagonal columnar phase between the isotropic phase above 371 K, and the plastic crystalline phase below 340 K. Unlike the bulk, the confined HAT6 forms two peaks in the heat flow during the plastic crystalline-to-hexagonal columnar phase transition, which might be the evidence of two different phase structures close to the wall and in the pore center. Moreover, the isotropic-to-columnar transition of the confined HAT6 shifts with decreasing pore diameter to lower temperatures. T2 - 9th International Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Pisa, Italy DA - 11.09.2016 KW - Discotic liquid crystals PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37712 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agroui, K. A1 - Jaunich, Matthias A1 - Hadj Arab, A. T1 - Analysis techniques of polymeric encapsulant materials for photovoltaic modules: situation and perspectives N2 - The properties of the encapsulant are critical to the long-term performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules under the influence of sunlight including UV, elevated temperature, humidity and diffusion of oxygen. Encapsulation process represents a bout 40% of the whole PV module cost. The introduction of new non-EVA encapsulant material type "Low-Cost, High-Performance" should provide a solution to outdoor yellowing degradation problems. The emerging encapsulant materials exhibit a good compatibility with emerging PV solar cells for long term durability. This new generation of encapsulant materials has the advantage to improve e the PV module performances and long term durability for specific climate like desert regions. This scientific contribution presents an overview of the different encapsulant materials currently on the market, the general requirements of the emerging encapsulant materials and characterizations techniques for degradation, diagnostic and reliability lifetime estimation in the framework of Algerian renewable energy strategy. T2 - Africa-EU Renewable Energy Re search and Innovation Symposium, RERIS 2016 CY - Tlemcen, Algeria DA - 08.03.2016 KW - Solar cell KW - Polymer encapsulant KW - PV module KW - Encapsulation process KW - Analysis technique PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-377186 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.07.171 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 2016 IS - 93 SP - 203 EP - 210 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-37718 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer T1 - Thermographic rotor blade inspection from larger distances - a promising tool for the maintenance of wind turbines N2 - The permanently increasing number of wind turbines requires suited inspection and monitoring methods to ensure liability and security. Concerning the inspection of ro-tor blades, only manual inspections are state of the art. Thermographic Testing (TT) has the potential to detect typical failures and damages on rotor blades. The presentation demopnstrates the measurement principle and some results of onsite measurements carried out as “passive thermogra-phy”, i.e. without a defined heating procedure. Due the totally contactless meas-urement principle, TT can be applied to rotating blades as well as to resting blades. Both methods will be compared with respect to their possible realization. T2 - WCNDT 2016 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Wind turbine rotor blade KW - Thermographic inspection KW - Passive thermography KW - Nondestructive testing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rohwetter, Philipp T1 - Fibre-optic sensing for partial discharge monitoring N2 - Es werden aktuelle Arbeiten im Fachbereich Faseroptische Sensorik der BAM vorgestellt, die auf die Verfügbarmachung nichtelektrischer Sensorik für die Diagnostik von Hochspannungskabelgarnituren zielen. Neben Ergebnissen zur faseroptisch-akustischen Detektion von Teilentladungen in Garnituren werden neuartige isolierstoffintegrierbare Sensoren präsentiert, mit deren Hilfe Teilentladungen anhand ihrer Lichtemission empfindlich und spezifisch detektiert werden können. T2 - Seminar talk at ABB Corporate Research CY - Baden-Dättwil, Switzerland DA - 21.06.2016 KW - Fibre-optic sensing KW - Partial discharge KW - Elastomeric optical waveguides KW - Distributed acoustic sensing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36632 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer A1 - Röllig, Mathias A1 - Worzewski, Tamara A1 - Doroshtnasir, Manoucher T1 - Thermographic rotor blade inspection from larger distances – a promising tool for the maintenance of wind turbines N2 - The permanently increasing number of wind turbines requires suited inspection and monitoring methods to ensure liability and security. Concerning the inspection of ro-tor blades, only manual inspections are state of the art. Thermographic Testing (TT) has the potential to detect typical failures and damages on rotor blades. The paper presents some results of onsite measurements carried out as “passive thermogra-phy”, i.e. without a defined heating procedure. Due the totally contactless meas-urement principle, TT can be applied to rotating blades as well as to resting blades. Both methods will be compared with respect to their possible realization. T2 - WCNDT 2016 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Wind turbine rotor blade KW - Thermographic inspection KW - Passive thermography KW - Nondestructive testing PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366331 SN - 978-3-940283-78-8 SP - We.4.D.4., 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-36633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Ronneteg, U. T1 - Reliability Analysis of the Phased-Array Ultrasonic System used for the Inspection of Friction Stir Welds N2 - The canister for the permanent storage of spent nuclear fuel used by SKB in Sweden consists of a cast iron insert surrounded by a five centimetre thick shell of copper. It is a safety critical component and in order to secure long-term structural integrity non-destructive methods are used to inspect 100% of the volume of each canister, before it is disposed of in the repository. One of the critical components that requires inspection is a sealing weld, joining the copper tube and the lid. The friction stir weld is inspected using an ultrasonic phased array system. The area of the weld is inspected with several inspection channels with different angles and varying coverage. To make sure that no defects that might occur in the weld are overseen, the reliability of the inspection must be quantified. The reliability of NDT is usually quantified with the probability of detection curves. The influence of the parameters that might influence the POD of the flaws in the weld is investigated analysing the experimental results, as well as with a help of a numerical simulation of the inspection. T2 - 19th Wolrd Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - NDT KW - Ultrasonic KW - Reliability KW - POD KW - Copper KW - FSW KW - JLH PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366982 VL - 2016/158 SP - We.4.E.5 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-36698 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pavlovic, Mato T1 - Reliability Analysis of the Phased-Array Ultrasonic System used for the Inspection of Friction Stir Welds of Copper Canisters N2 - The canister for the permanent storage of spent nuclear fuel used by SKB in Sweden consists of a cast iron insert surrounded by a five centimetre thick shell of copper. It is a safety critical component and in order to secure long-term structural integrity non-destructive methods are used to inspect 100% of the volume of each canister, before it is disposed of in the repository. One of the critical components that requires inspection is a sealing weld, joining the copper tube and the lid. The friction stir weld is inspected using an ultrasonic phased array system. The area of the weld is inspected with several inspection channels with different angles and varying coverage. To make sure that no defects that might occur in the weld are overseen, the reliability of the inspection must be quantified. The reliability of NDT is usually quantified with the probability of detection curves. The influence of the parameters that might influence the POD of the flaws in the weld is investigated analysing the experimental results, as well as with a help of a numerical simulation of the inspection. T2 - Proceedings of the 19th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Ultrasonic KW - Copper KW - NDT KW - FSW KW - JLH KW - Weld KW - POD KW - Reliability PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36703 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Seemann, A. A1 - Schuetz, S. T1 - Power-to-Gas: Safety Characteristics of Hydrogen/NaturalGas-Mixtures N2 - Safety characteristics for explosion protection of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures relevant in connection with the Power2Gas technology were studied in this work. Lower explosion limits (LEL) and upper explosion limits (UEL), limiting oxygen concentrations (LOC), maximum experimental safety gaps (MESG), maximum explosion pressures (pmax) and maximum rates of pressure rise (dp/dt)max were determined experimentally in dependence of the hydrogen fraction. Adding hydrogen did mainly effect the UEL, LOC, MESG and (dp/dt)max. The mixtures become more "critical" concerning the explosion hazards with increasing hydrogen fraction. However, the dependency of the safety characteristics from the hydrogen fraction is mainly not linear. Adding up to 10% hydrogen to natural gas had nearly no effect on the safety characteristics. More significant effects on the safety characteristics were observed at hydrogen fractions of more than 25%. For example the explosion group changes from IIA to IIB. Considering the huge explosion region and very high (dp/dt)max of hydrogen compared to natural gas, even adding 50% hydrogen to natural gas has a rather small effect on these characteristics. Furthermore pmax of hydrogen/natural-gas mixtures can be calculated with good accuracy assuming ideal adiabatic conditions. EL and LOC of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures in ternary systems with inert gas and air were calculated in dependence of the type of inert gas with the so called “model of constant adiabatic flame temperature profiles”. KW - Explosion protection KW - Hydrogen safety KW - Hydrogen enriched natural gas KW - Energy storage PY - 2016 SN - 78-88-95608-39-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1648067 SN - 2283-9216 VL - 2016/48 SP - 397 EP - 402 PB - AIDIC AN - OPUS4-36788 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Askar, Enis T1 - Power-to-Gas: Safety characteristics of hydrogen/natural-gas-mixtures N2 - LEL, UEL LOC, MESG, pmax and (dp/dt)max of hydrogen/natural gas-mixtures were determined systematically according to international standards. Mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen mainly become more „critical“ with increasing hydrogen fraction. The effect of up to 10 Vol% H2–admixture to natural gas on safety characteristics is very low, no major adaption of existing measures for explosion protection is necessary. More substantial adjustment of measures for explosion protection is necessary at hydrogen fractions of more than 25 Vol%. Some of the safety characteristics can be estimated with good accuracy by calculation methods. T2 - 15th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries CY - Freiburg, Germany DA - 05.06.2016 KW - explosion protection KW - hydrogen enriched natural gas KW - methane/hydrogen-mixtures KW - hydrogen safety KW - energy storage PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kailasam, K. A1 - Mesch, M. B. A1 - Möhlmann, Lennart A1 - Baar, M. A1 - Blechert, S. A1 - Schwarze, M. A1 - Schröder, M. A1 - Schomäcker, R. A1 - Senker, J. A1 - Thomas, A. T1 - Donor–acceptor-type heptazine-based polymer networks for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution N2 - A heptazine-based polymer network (HMP-3) with a donor–acceptor (D–A) structure was prepared and tested as catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. Compared to other heptazine-based materials, which are typically prepared at high temperatures and have recently received much interest as metal-free photocatalysts, the low-temperature protocol applied here allows the defined introduction of organic functional groups within the polymer backbone. The structure of HMP-3 contains alternating heptazine and benzothiadiazole moieties as electron acceptors connected by aminobenzene bridges as electron donors. The resulting material leads to enhanced hydrogen evolution compared to graphitic carbon nitride materials prepared at high temperatures (>500 8C) most probably because of the stabilization of photogenerated charge carriers in the D–A structure. KW - Photocatalysis KW - Water splitting KW - Water reduction KW - Carbon nitride PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201500478 VL - 4 IS - 6 SP - 744 EP - 750 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-36915 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth A1 - Dimper, Matthias A1 - Keserović, Amela A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Zimmer, Sebastian T1 - Corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel S31803 in artificial geothermal waters N2 - Since geothermal wells are a feasible energy source to replace fossil fuel supply, many technologies have been developed to take advantage of geothermal energy. Nevertheless, service conditions in geothermal facilities are due to the chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids and temperatures, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. Therefore, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable operation of the facilities. This contribution deals with the evaluation of the corrosion behavior of duplex steel S31803 (318LN, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3, 1.4462) conducted by electrochemical measurements and exposure tests in artificial geothermal waters simulating the conditions in different locations with geothermal potential in Germany. The duplex steel S31803 shows limited suitability for applications in artificial geothermal waters due to its susceptibility to pitting and crevice corrosion. For low saline geothermal waters it can be considered suitable at moderate temperatures. Slight crevice corrosion susceptibility needs to be considered. Results are being incorporated into a materials catalogue for geothermal applications which shall provide basic information for designers and users of geothermal facilities. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2016 CY - Vancouver, BC, Canada DA - 6.3.2016 KW - S31803 KW - Crevice corrosion KW - Duplex steel KW - Geothermal energy PY - 2016 SP - 7361-1 EP - 7361-8 PB - NACE International CY - Houston TX, USA AN - OPUS4-36986 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - On the corrosion mechanism of CO2 transport pipeline steels caused by impurities: roles of each impure components and benchmarks N2 - Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) has been proposed as a promising technology for the mitigation of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere from fossil-fuel-operated power generation plants. As the reliability and cost effectiveness of the pipeline transport network is crucial to the overall operability and resilience of the CCUS system, it is vital to realize the possible corrosion risks of the employed pipeline steels corresponding to the impurity level of the gas source. Recent studies have shown that even the high alloyed materials might be susceptible to general and/or localized corrosion by the condensates forming from the impurities such as SOx, NOx, CO, O2 and water [1]. Up to now, however, there is no regulation procedure which defines the maximum acceptable level of impurities and the combination of them for each employed pipeline steels. Herein, systematic experiment series were conducted by mixing pure CO2 gas with varying concentration of each impurity and with the varying combination of them. Each time, the mixture was then fed (1 L/min) into the reactor containing 12 specimens for 120-600 h at 5°C (to simulate the sub-level pipeline transport). The resulted condensate was collected and analyzed by ionic chromatography and atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition. In this study, the “worst-case scenario” gas mixture, containing 2.5 % H2O, 1.8 % O2, 1000 ppm NO2, and 220 ppm SO2 as impurities, resulted in the condensate containing H2SO4 0.114 M and HNO3 0.0184 M (pH 2.13). This “original” condensate was then re-produced to carry out exposure tests and electrochemical characterization including corrosion potentials and impedance spectroscopy in CO2 saturated condition for 7-14 days at the same temperature. The corrosion rate was also measured by mass loss method. We can conclude that, at the initial stage, HNO3 plays the dominant role in Fe dissolution process, while H2SO4 is responsible for the pit initiation followed by pitting corrosion. Future studies will be focused on the combination effect from the impurities and the exposure test under the regularly changing condensate to mimic the real CO2 pipeline system. T2 - Eurocorr 2016 CY - Montpellier, France DA - 11.09.2016 KW - Carbon capture utilization KW - CO2 KW - Pipeline transport KW - Condensation KW - Corrosion PY - 2016 SP - paper 69810, 1 EP - 2 PB - EFC CY - Montpellier AN - OPUS4-37747 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen T1 - Gap analysis by periodical reviews of transport package design safety reports of German SNF/HLW dual purpose casks N2 - Storage of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste in dual purpose casks (DPC) is related with the challenge of maintaining safety for transportation over several decades of storage. Beside consideration of aging mechanisms by appropriate design, material selection and operational controls to assure technical reliability by aging management measures, an essential issue is the continuous control and update of the DPC safety case. Not only the technical objects are subject of aging but also the safety demonstration basis is subject of “aging” due to possible changes of regulations, standards and scientific/technical knowledge. The basic document, defining the transport safety conditions, is the package design safety report (PDSR) for the transport version of the DPC. To ensure a safe transport in future to a destination which is not known yet (because of not yet existing repository sites) periodical reviews of the PDSR, in connection with periodic renewals of package design approval certificates, have to be carried out. The main reviewing tool is a gap analysis. A gap analysis for a PDSR is the assessment of the state of technical knowledge, standards and regulations regarding safety functions of structures, systems and components. T2 - 18th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials PATRAM2016 CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 18.09.2016 KW - Radioactiv material KW - Transportation KW - Periodoc inspection PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37748 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen T1 - Anforderungen an Verpackungen für prüfpflichtige Versandstücke N2 - Ziel dieses Beitrages soll es sein, zum einen das Vorgehen bei der Erlangung einer Anerkennung zur qualitätsgesicherten Herstellung einer Verpackung für prüfpflichtige Versandstücke der zuständigen Behörde im Sinne des ADR Unterabschnittes 1.7.3 darzustellen und zum anderen Probleme bei der Umsetzung der rechtsverbindlichen Vorschriften des Gefahrgutrechts aufzuzeigen. T2 - 5. RAM-Behältersicherheitstage CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.03.2016 KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Radioaktive Stoffe KW - Gefahrgut KW - Transport PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37749 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Keserović, Amela A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth A1 - Dimper, Matthias T1 - Evaluation of Metallic Materials for Geothermal Applications N2 - Since geothermal wells are a feasible energy source to replace fossil fuel supply, many technologies have been developed to take advantage of geothermal energy. Nevertheless, service conditions in geothermal facilities are due to the chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids and temperatures, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. Therefore, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable operation of the facilities. The corrosion behavior of different high-alloyed metals including duplex and austenitic stainless steels as well as a nickel alloy have been evaluated in artificial geothermal fluids simulating the conditions in some locations with geothermal potential in Germany as well as two sites in Indonesia. The suitability of carbon steel 25CrMo4, stainless steels X2CrNiMo17-12-2, X2CrNiMo-22-5, X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 and super austenitic steel X1CrNiMoCu32-28-7 in these geothermal fluids obtained by electrochemical measurements and exposure tests is limited. The nickel alloy NiCr23Mo16Al shows an excellent corrosion resistance against pitting corrosion. Excluding its high cost, it is a very good alternative to be used in the construction of geothermal facilities having highly saline brines. Stainless and duplex steels exhibit a limited corrosion resistance concerning pitting and crevice corrosion. Beside of the higher alloyed materials, also the low-alloyed steel 25CrMo4 could be employed as a constructional material for the geothermal power plant in stagnant highly acidic non saline environments, as long as the wall thickness of the material vs. corrosion rate is taken into account. T2 - European Geothermal Congress 2016 CY - Starsbourg, France DA - 19.09.2016 KW - Localized corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Ni-based alloy KW - Geothermal energy PY - 2016 SP - paper THP-248, 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-37750 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Evaluation of metallic materials for geothermal applications N2 - Since geothermal wells are a feasible energy source to replace fossil fuel supply, many technologies have been developed to take advantage of geothermal energy. Nevertheless, service conditions in geothermal facilities are due to the chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids and temperatures, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. Therefore, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable operation of the facilities. The corrosion behavior of different high-alloyed metals including Duplex and austenitic stainless steels as well as a nickel alloy have been evaluated in artificial geothermal fluids simulating the conditions in some locations with geothermal potential in Germany as well as two sites in Indonesia. The suitability of carbon steel 25CrMo4, stainless steels X2CrNiMo17-12-2, X2CrNiMo-22-5, X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 and super austenitic steel X1CrNiMoCu32-28-7 in these geothermal fluids obtained by electrochemical measurements and exposure tests is limited. The nickel alloy NiCr23Mo16Al shows an excellent corrosion resistance against pitting corrosion. Excluding its high cost, it is a very good alternative to be used in the construction of geothermal facilities having highly saline brines. Stainless and Duplex steels exhibit a limited corrosion resistance concerning pitting and crevice corrosion. Beside of the higher alloyed materials, also the lowalloyed steel 25CrMo4 could be employed as a constructional material for the geothermal power plant in stagnant highly acidic non Saline environments, as long as the wall thickness of the material vs. corrosion rate is taken into account. T2 - European Geothermal Congress CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 19.09.2016 KW - Localized corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Ni-based alloy KW - Geothermal energy PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37751 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - On the corrosion mechanism of CO2 transport pipeline steels caused by impurities: Roles of each impure components and benchmarks N2 - Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) has been proposed as a promising technology for the mitigation of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere from fossil-fuel- operated power generation plants. As the reliability and cost effectiveness of the Pipeline transport network is crucial to the Overall operability and resilience of the CCUS system, it is vital to realize the possible corrosion risks of the employed Pipeline steels corresponding to the impurity Level of the gas source. Recent studies have shown that even the high alloyed materials might be susceptible to General and/or localized corrosion by the condensates forming from the impurities such as SOx, NOx, CO, O2 and water. Up to now, however, there is no regulation procedure which defines the maximum acceptable level of impurities and the combination of them for each employed pipeline steels. Herein, systematic experiment series were conducted by mixing pure CO2 gas with varying concentration of each impurity and with the varying combination of them. Each time, the mixture was then fed (1 L/min) into the reactor containing 12 specimens for 120-600 h at 5°C (to simulate the sub-level Pipeline transport). The resulted condensate was collected and analyzed by ionic chromatography and atomic Absorption spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition. In this study, the “worstcase scenario” gas mixture, containing 2.5 % H2O, 1.8 % O2, 1000 ppm NO2, and 220 ppm SO2 as impurities, resulted in the condensate containing H2SO4 0.114 M and HNO3 0.0184 M (pH 2.13). This “original” condensate was then reproduced to carry out exposure tests and electrochemical characterization including corrosion potentials and impedance spectroscopy in CO2 saturated condition for 7-14 days at the same temperature. The corrosion rate was also measured by mass loss method. We can conclude that, at the initial stage, HNO3 plays the dominant role in Fe dissolution process, while H2SO4 is responsible for the pit initiation followed by pitting corrosion. Future studies will be focused on the combination effect from the impurities and the exposure test under the regularly changing condensate to mimic the real CO2 pipeline system. T2 - Eurocorr 2016 CY - Montpellier, France DA - 11.09.2016 KW - Pipeline transport KW - Condensation KW - Corrosion KW - Carbon capture utilization KW - CO2 PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37752 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Korrosion von Rohrleitungswerkstoffen durch Kondensationseffekte infolge von SO2- und NO2-Begleitstoffen in CO2 N2 - Derzeit wird der Einsatz metallener Werkstoffe in CCU-/CCS-Anlagen hinsichtlich deren Korrosionsbeständigkeit und eine eventuell daraus resultierende Herausforderung diskutiert. Während des CO₂-Transportes vom Abscheide- zum Injektionsort kann es aufgrund der den CO₂-Strom begleitenden Beimengungen, wie Wasser, O₂, SOₓ , NOₓ , Temperaturschwankungen durchaus zu Kondensationseffekten und daraus resultierenden Schäden kommen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die sich möglicherweise innerhalb einer CO₂-Rohrleitung bildenden Kondensate infolge von Begleitstoffen wie SO2 und NO2 eine viel korrosivere Wirkung auf Rohrleitungswerkstoffe entfalten, als in reinem CO₂. T2 - 48. Kraftwerkstechnisches Kolloquium CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 18.10.2016 KW - CO2-Korrosion KW - Edelstahl KW - Chromstahl KW - CCUS KW - Kondensation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37753 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Hochlegierte metallene Werkstoffe in Salzschmelzen N2 - In letzter Zeit kommen immer mehr alternative Energiequellen als Ersatz fossiler Brennstoffe zum Einsatz, so auch die Solarthermie. Jedoch sind die Betriebsbedingungen aufgrund der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Wärmeträgermedien und herrschenden Temperaturen extrem hinsichtlich Korrosion. Da die Kraftwerke bei maximaler Lebensdauer ökonomisch vertretbar sein müssen, ist eine Werkstoffauswahl basierend auf Voruntersuchungen notwendig, um einen sicheren und verlässlichen Betrieb dieser Anlagen zu gewährleisten. Die Werkstoffauswahl hängt von der Betriebstemperatur eines Kraftwerks bzw. der chemischen Zusammensetzung des Wärmeträgermediums ab. In hochkorrosiven Umgebungen werden aufgrund ihrer sehr guten Korrosionsbeständigkeit Nickelbasislegierungen nicht nur für stark korrosiv beanspruchte Bauteile als die Lösung angesehen. Jedoch kann es durchaus beständigkeitsbedingte Einschränkungen für den Einsatz geben, wofür die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse dienen sollen. In diesem Beitrag wird die Beständigkeit ausgewählter hochlegierter Werkstoffe (inklusive einer neuentwickelten Legierung in einer Nitrat-Salzschmelze (60 % NaNO3/40 % KNO3) vorgestellt, die mittels elektrochemischer Messungen und Auslagerungsversuchen ermittelt wurde. T2 - 48. Kraftwerkstechnisches Kolloquium CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 18.10.2016 KW - Örtliche Korrosion KW - Nickelbasislegierungen KW - Solarenergie KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Elektrochemische Charakterisierung PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37754 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Introduction of BAM safety assessment experience feedback list N2 - BAM as competent authority regarding assessment of mechanical and thermal design, activity release and quality assurance aspects of SNF and HLW transport packages developed a thesaurus of experience feedback topics from recent approval procedures. The list is structured according to the European PDSR guide. It involves issues, which from BAM point of view, needed clarification during last package design assessment procedures. The list contains issues from operation (e.g. deactivation of handling lugs not intended for package handling), maintenance (e.g. leak tightness of impact limiting devices) to technical assessment (e.g. formation of hydrogen by radiolysis and its impact on pressure and ignitability, consideration of ageing mechanisms, thermo-mechanical assessment, impact of gaps between content and flask, spent fuel behaviour) as well as to general and specific safety analysis report requirements (e.g. report structure and required data). T2 - PATRAM 2016 CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 18.09.2016 KW - Experience feedback list KW - Radioactive material KW - Transport PY - 2016 UR - http://www.patram2016.org/ SP - Paper 4002, 1 AN - OPUS4-37850 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Nehrig, Marko A1 - Bletzer, Claus A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Erenberg, Marina A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Behaviour of Wood Filled Impact Limiters during Fire Test N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material are often equipped with impact limiters consisting of wood, encapsulated by steel sheets. These impact limiters shall ensure the transport cask meets the mechanical and thermal IAEA regulatory test requirements. After damage caused by the mechanical tests the package has to withstand a severe fire scenario. According to the regulations during and following the thermal test, the specimen shall not be artificially cooled and any combustion of materials of the package shall be permitted to proceed naturally. Corresponding to results of the French institute IRSN combustion and smouldering of wood inside the impact limiter occurred during and after the fire test. An additional energy supply from a pre-damaged impact limiter to the cask could be the consequence for the safety assessment of the containment. BAM started a first test phase to examine the issue of combustion for such kind of package components. The goal was to understand the phenomena under the consideration of relevant regulatory boundary conditions. Several metal buckets were filled with wood and equipped with thermocouples. The test specimens have been prepared with different damage arrangements to take the influence of the mechanical tests into account. This paper shows the experimental setup and the conduction of the tests. The first test shows that pre-damaged metal encapsulations can lead to smouldering of the wood and with this to a supplement energy release after the end of the 30 minute fire. BAM is in the preparation process for a second test phase. A thermal test will take place with a wood filled test specimen weighing about 2Mg. T2 - The 18th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials (PATRAM 2016) CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 18.09.2016 KW - Large scale testing KW - Fire test KW - Impact limiter KW - Shock absorber KW - Thermal test KW - Typ-B KW - Wood KW - Smouldering PY - 2016 SP - paper no. 1011 AN - OPUS4-37854 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar A1 - Többens, D. A1 - Svetogorov, R. A1 - Krüger, M. A1 - Stock, N. A1 - Reinsch, H. A1 - Wallacher, D. A1 - Stewart, R. A1 - Russina, M. T1 - Conformation-controlled hydrogen storage in the CAU-1 metal-organic framework N2 - We have studied the mechanism of hydrogen storage in the aluminium based metal–organic framework CAU-1 or [Al4(OH)2 OCH3)4(O2C-C6H3NH2-CO2)3] using a complementary multidisciplinary approach of volumetric gas sorption analysis, in situ neutron diffraction and spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The structure of CAU-1 forms two different types of microporous cages: (i) an octahedral cage with a diameter of about 10 Å and (ii) a tetrahedral cage with a diameter of about 5 Å. Though all metal sites of CAU-1 are fully coordinated, the material exhibits relatively high storage capacities, reaching 4 wt% at a temperature of 70 K. Our results reveal that hydrogen sorption is dominantly driven by cooperative guest–guest interactions and interactions between guest hydrogen molecules and organic linkers. The adsorption of hydrogen on the organic linkers leads to the contraction of the host framework structure and as a result to changes in the electronic potential surface inside the pores. This, in turn, leads to cooperative rearrangement of the molecules inside the pores and to the formation of additionally occupied positions, increasing hydrogen uptake. At the final stage we observe the formation of solid amorphous hydrogen inside the pores. KW - Hydrogen storage KW - MOF KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Neutron diffraction KW - Neutron scattering PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp05310f SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 18 SP - 29258 EP - 29267 PB - The Royal Soc. of Chemistry CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-37794 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duffner, Eric T1 - Hydraulic Test Procedures - Load Cycle Test (LCT) N2 - Specifications, Challenges and Problems of Load Cycles Test (LCT) T2 - Follow-up Workshop on statistical safety assessment CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Load cycle tests KW - Hydraulic tests KW - Leak detection PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37834 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin T1 - Behaviour of Wood Filled Impact Limiters during Fire Test N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material are often equipped with impact limiters consisting of wood, encapsulated by steel sheets. These impact limiters shall ensure the transport cask meets the mechanical and thermal IAEA regulatory test requirements. After damage caused by the mechanical tests the package has to withstand a severe fire scenario. According to the regulations during and following the thermal test, the specimen shall not be artificially cooled and any combustion of materials of the package shall be permitted to proceed naturally. Corresponding to results of the French institute IRSN combustion and smouldering of wood inside the impact limiter occurred during and after the fire test. An additional energy supply from a pre-damaged impact limiter to the cask could be the consequence for the safety assessment of the containment. BAM started a first test phase to examine the issue of combustion for such kind of package components. The goal was to understand the phenomena under the consideration of relevant regulatory boundary conditions. Several metal buckets were filled with wood and equipped with thermocouples. The test specimens have been prepared with different damage arrangements to take the influence of the mechanical tests into account. This paper shows the experimental setup and the conduction of the tests. The first test shows that pre-damaged metal encapsulations can lead to smouldering of the wood and with this to a supplement energy release after the end of the 30 minute fire. BAM is in the preparation process for a second test phase. A thermal test will take place with a wood filled test specimen weighing about 2Mg. T2 - PATRAM 2016 CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 18.09.2016 KW - Burning KW - Fire test KW - Impact limiter KW - Shock absorber KW - Thermal test KW - Typ-B KW - Wood KW - Smouldering KW - Large scale testing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37842 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Epishin, A. I. A1 - Petrushin, N. V. A1 - Link, T. A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Loshchinin, Yu. V. A1 - Gerstein, G. T1 - Thermal stability of the structure of a heat-resistant cobalt alloy hardened with intermetallic γ'-phase precipitates N2 - The thermal stability of the microstructure of a heat-resistant cobalt alloy, which consists of a γ solid solution strengthened with γ'-phase precipitates, has been studied. The temperature behavior of the dissolution of the hardening γ' phase and the kinetics of its coarsening at 700 and 800°C have been determined. It is found that, during prolonged annealing at 800°C, the γ' → β phase transformation occurs. KW - Superalloy KW - Microstructure KW - Hardening KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - TEM PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029516040078 SN - 0036-0295 VL - 2016 IS - 4 SP - 286 EP - 291 PB - Pleiades Publishing AN - OPUS4-37768 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hüllmann, Dino A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Erdmann, Jessica A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. ED - Aulova, Alexandra ED - Rogelj Ritonja, A. ED - Emri, I. T1 - Current-independent torque control of PMSM servo drives N2 - A permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is controlled using measurements from a digital, optical incremental encoder. The motor speed is estimated from these measurement. Basic performance results are presented. T2 - 33rd Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - BLDC KW - PMSM KW - Motor control KW - Servo drive PY - 2016 SN - 978-961-94081-0-0 SP - 172 EP - 173 PB - Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia AN - OPUS4-37813 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Grundlagen des Explosionsschutzes für Erdgas-Wasserstoff-Gemische N2 - Zur Speicherung überschüssiger erneuerbarer Energie kann Wasserstoff verwendet werden. Durch Elektrolyse wird mit Hilfe der elektrischen Energie aus Wasser Wasserstoff erzeugt. Dieser Wasserstoff kann dann direkt eingesetzt oder aber in das bestehende Erdgasnetz eingespeist werden. Hier steht er als Energieträger zur Verfügung. Die BAM hat für den Explosionsschutz solcher Erdgas-Wasserstoff-Gemische die sicherheitstechnischen Eigenschaften bestimmt. Es zeigte sich, dass bis zu einen Anteil von 10% Wasserstoff im Erdgas sich die sicherheitstechnischen Kenngrößen nur wenig ändern. So verbleibt das Gemisch in der Explosionsgruppe IIa. Die Explosionsgrenzen, der KG-Wert und der max. Explosionsdruck ändern sich nur wenig. Zudem zeigen Berechnungen der explosionsgefährdeten Bereiche bei der Simulation von Leckagen, dass diese Gemische ähnliche Ausbreitungseigenschaften besitzen wie das reine Erdgas. T2 - DBI-Fachforum Energiespeicher CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.09.2016 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Energiespeicherung KW - Explosionsschutz KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37814 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nützmann, Kathrin T1 - Influence of chromium on orientation dependent high temperature corrosion N2 - Ferritic steels with Cr-contents up to 13 wt. % are used as building components in combustion based power plants. These materials are subject to aggressive corrosion caused by the reaction of the steel with highly corrosive gases under high temperatures up to 620°C. Detailed knowledge about corrosion mechanisms regarding the attack of gaseous sulfur dioxide have a significant influence and are not entirely understood. The reaction with SO2 can be seen as two simultaneous processes; oxidation and sulfidation. Especially in the initial state, these processes are more kinetically controlled than thermodynamically. However, a detailed knowledge is a key aspect to understand the complex high temperature corrosion of high alloyed steels with a variety of alloying components ageing under combustion gases with a variety of gas components such as CO2, O2, N2, or SO2/SO3, and to better predict altering of building components and inspection intervals. To get more information about corrosion mechanisms in general and the simultaneous process of oxidation and sulfidation under SO2, initial stadia of the corrosion mechanism have to be studied. In order to minimize and control the free parameters of the corrosion procedure, simplified systems with model alloys and simplified gas compositions are a feasible tool. The current presentation will deal with the initial stages of high temperature corrosion on Fe-Cr model alloys under SO2+Ar atmospheres. Experiments took place using an infra-red light furnace with higher heating and cooling rates compared to regular tubular furnaces to preserve the high temperature phase distribution. Pure Fe, Fe with 2 wt. % and 13 wt. % Cr were used and aged for time scales between 30s < t < 6h under 0.5% SO2 and 99.5% Ar. Specific positions on each sample were marked with Vickers indentations and the crystal orientations were analyzed using ‘Electron Backscatter Diffraction’ (EBSD) to get the orientation of the ferrite grains in advance. After the corrosion experiment, the same positions were analyzed again using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) to correlate the crystal orientation with the corrosion product and the elemental distribution. Further, cross sections of the samples were prepared to analyze the phase distribution in depth. Even though Cr and Fe form a solid solution in the crystal lattice, a significant difference in oxide island growth was observed for orientation dependent corrosion on different Fe-Cr alloys. T2 - Junior Euromat CY - Lausanne, Switzerland DA - 10.07.2016 KW - crystal orientation KW - corrosion KW - sulfidation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37784 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nützmann, Kathrin T1 - Nucleation and growth of sulfur phases in grain boundaries N2 - Ferritic-martensitic high temperature alloys are used as building components for different power plant technologies. Depending on the type of fuel, the used power plant materials are exposed to different temperatures and reactive atmospheres containing e.g. CO2, O2, or SO2. Despite the sulfur chemistry is commonly present as an impurity in fossil or bio fuels; its role in high temperature corrosion is not entirely understood. During high temperature corrosion, high-alloyed steels often show sulfur precipitates with the ignoble alloy component(s) along grain boundaries within the base material. Sulfur precipitates are known to seriously influence the mechanical properties of the building component. In the case of VM12 and T92 steels, sulfur phases penetrate the base material along grain boundaries during the corrosion under oxyfuel atmosphere up to 20 µm within the first 960h (Fig. 1a). Figure 1a shows the oxide scale and (Cr, Mn, Fe)xSy grain boundary precipitates in the base material for a T92 steel aged for 960h under oxyfuel atmosphere. Figure 1b shows a thin oxide scale with nodules and also sulfur precipitates of (Fe, Cr)xSy along grain boundaries of the base material for a Fe13Cr model alloy aged for 24h under SO2 atmospheres. After 24h, sulfur precipitates already reached a depth of ca. 15 µm. The present work shows the corrosion behavior of Fe-Cr model alloys with Cr-contents similar to technical steels up to 13 wt%, aged under oxyfuel (27H2O/60CO2/1SO2/10N2/2O2) and SO2 atmospheres in the temperature range of 550 °C < T < 700 °C and for different time scales between 24 h < t < 960 h. During aging, the reactive gases were added when the experimental temperature was reached. To focus on the reaction of the intended elements Fe, Cr, S, and O, model alloys of high purity are used. Transport depths of sulfur and the nucleation of the precipitates are discussed for both, model alloys and technical steels. T2 - Materials Science & Engineering CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 27.09.2016 KW - Corrosion KW - Sulfide KW - Sulfidation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37786 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duffner, Eric T1 - Hydraulic Test Procedures - Slow Burst Test (SBT) N2 - Specifications, Challenges and Problems for Slow Burst Tests (SBT) T2 - Follow-up Workshop on statistical safety assessment CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Slow burst test KW - Hydraulic tests PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37832 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Becker, Ben T1 - Influence of sample size and distribution function N2 - Influence of sample size and statistical distribution function on the safety evaluation of composite pressure cylinder. T2 - Follow-up Workshop on Statistical Safety Assessment of Composite Cylinders CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Statistic KW - Composite KW - Pressure KW - Cylinder PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Becker, Ben T1 - Determination of consequences and accepted failure rates N2 - Evaluation of probability and consequence of critical failures of composite cylinders. T2 - Follow-up Workshop on Statistical Safety Assessment of Composite Cylinders CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Failure KW - Composite KW - Pressure KW - Cylinder KW - Consequence KW - Rate PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37977 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Becker, Ben T1 - General aspects of risk based safety evaluation N2 - Comparison of methods for safety assessment of composite cylinders by statistical simulations. T2 - Follow-up Workshop on Statistical Safety Assessment of Composite Cylinders CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Monte-carlo simulation KW - Composite KW - Pressure KW - Cylinder PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37978 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kömmling, Anja T1 - Lifetime Prediction of Elastomeric O-Ring Seals N2 - BAM is the federal institute for materials research and testing in Germany. One of our tasks is to evaluate the safety of casks designed for transport and/or storage of radioactive waste. As elastomeric seals are used in the containers as safety-relevant parts, it is our goal to be able to evaluate the service lifetime of the seals with regard to the requirements for long-term safety (40 years and more) of the containers. For this reason, an accelerated ageing programme with selected rubbers often used for seals (HNBR, EPDM and FKM) was started. Ageing was performed at four different temperatures (75 °C, 100 °C, 125 °C and 150 °C) for up to 2 years. For assessing properties related to the sealability, O-rings were aged in compression by 25 % (corresponding to the compression during service) between plates. For comparison, uncompressed O-rings were aged as well. The aged materials were characterized with conventional polymer analysis methods such as hardness and tensile tests, but also with more seal-specific methods such as compression stress relaxation (CSR, reflecting the loss of sealing force of a compressed seal over time), and compression set (CS, representing the recovery behaviour of a seal after release from compression). CS is chosen as the property for lifetime prediction as it is both sensitive to degradation and related to the seal performance. CS data is extrapolated to 60 °C, which yields lifetimes of approximately 5 years for HNBR and 64 years for EPDM for a criterion of 85 % CS respectively, and approx. 40 years for FKM for a criterion of 65 % CS (the highest value measured so far). T2 - Herbsttagung DKG Bezirksgruppe Süd-Südwest CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 06.10.2016 KW - Rubber KW - Ageing KW - EPDM KW - HNBR KW - FKM PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38010 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kapa, Thomas A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Sicherer Netzbetrieb durch Erkennung von betriebsgefährdenden Zuständen in Hoch- und Mittelspannungs-Betriebsmitteln unter Verwendung von integrierbaren faseroptischen Sensorsystemen ("Monalisa") N2 - Selbstdarstellung des Verbundvorhabens "Monalisa" auf der Konferenz "Zukunftsfähige Stromnetze" 2016 der entsprechenden Forschungsinitiative der Bundesregierung Kurzzusammenfassung der Teilprojekte und F&E-Ziele aller beteiligten Partnerinstitutionen (BAM,TU Berlin, HTW Berlin, BeuthHS Berlin, IPH GmbH) zum Bereich Monitoring von elektrischen Betriebsmitteln mit Hilfe von faseroptischer Sensorik. T2 - Statuskonferenz "Zukunftsfähige Stromnetze" 2016 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.09.2016 KW - Faseroptische Sensoren KW - Kabelmonitoring KW - Betriebsmittelüberwachung KW - Hochspannungsanlagen KW - Verteilte faseroptische Sensorik PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38056 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stengel, Dominik T1 - Sequential tests of HTLS conductors N2 - Mechanical and electrical sequential tests of high temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors and accessories to be performed at the BAM laboratories are presented. T2 - BestPaths Subtask 6.1 HTLS Workshop & Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.06.2016 KW - High temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors KW - Mechanical tests PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38438 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rohwetter, Philipp A1 - Eisermann, René A1 - Großwig, S. A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Fibre-optic distributed acoustic and vibration sensing for monitoring of industrial plants and installations N2 - We propose the application of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) based on Rayleigh Coherent Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (C-OTDR) to unconventional sensing tasks in industrial condition monitoring. As examples we present results on the way to fibre-optic remote sensing of dielectric damage processes in high voltage cable joints as well as to condition monitoring of passive rollers in large industrial belt conveyor systems. T2 - International Conference on Smart Infrastructure and Construction CY - Cambridge, UK DA - 27.06.2016 KW - Distributed sensing KW - C-OTDR KW - Strain measurement KW - Structural health monitoring PY - 2016 UR - http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/tfitsi.61279.063 SN - 978-0-7277-6127-9 DO - https://doi.org/10.1680/tfitsi.61279.063 SP - 63 EP - 68 PB - ICE Publishing CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-38411 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisermann, René T1 - Quasi-distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for online monitoring in high voltage environment N2 - Es werden aktuelle Ergebnisse der quasi-verteilten Faseroptische Sensorik der BAM bzgl. der Diagnostik von Hochspannungskomponenten vorgestellt. Hierbei werden Ergebnisse der akustischen Teilentladungs-Überwachung von Kabelmuffen präsentiert. Ferner werden Resultate zur Verbesserung der Fasersensoreigenschaften einer Faser durch induzierte Streuer dargestellt. T2 - Energie und Photonik CY - Goslar, Germany DA - 18.10.2016 KW - Distributed acoustic sensing KW - Fibre-optic sensing KW - Partial discharge PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38414 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisermann, René T1 - Accoustic monitoring of high-voltage components using optical fibre N2 - Die faseroptische Detektion akustischer Signale eines Transformators bietet die Möglichkeit, eine Echtzeit Zustandsüberwachung durchzuführen. Hierfür wurde ein Konzept entwickelt und in realitätsnahen Versuchen demonstriert. T2 - Seminar Hochspannungstechnik und Energieversorgung CY - Techische Universität Berlin, Germany DA - 16.11.2016 KW - Distributed acoustic sensing KW - Transformer Monitoring PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38415 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rütters, H. A1 - Stadler, S. A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Jeschke, S. A1 - Kather, A. A1 - Lempp, C. A1 - Lubenau, U. A1 - Ostertag-Hennig, C. A1 - Schmitz, S. A1 - Schütz, S. A1 - Waldmann, S. T1 - Towards an optimization of the CO2 stream composition - A whole-chain approach N2 - CO2 streams captured from power stations or industrial plants may contain impurities that impact the consecutive steps of the CO2 capture and storage (CCS) chain. As the basis for an optimization of CO2 purity over the whole CCS chain, impacts of different impurities were investigated at key steps including studies on (i) corrosion of metallic materials in CO2 streams and brine, (ii) fluid and interfacial properties as a function of pressure, temperature and CO2 stream composition and their implications for CO2 transport, injection and geological storage, (iii) costs of different pipeline design options, (iv) geochemical alterations at typical reservoir conditions and their implications for geomechanical rock properties. Major findings are synthesized for two exemplary single source-single sink CCS chain scenarios involving CO2 stream compositions typical for pre-combustion capture and oxyfuel combustion. Recommendations for material selection for compression, transport and injection were derived for various CO2 stream compositions. To reliably control corrosion, a limitation of water contents to 50 ppmv is recommended for pipeline transportation of all CO2 streams. At geological storage conditions, the presence of either O2, NOx or SO2 only weakly affected fluid-mineral/rock interactions that still impacted geomechanical rock properties. KW - CCS KW - Impurities KW - Associated incidental substances KW - Pipeline design KW - Corrosion KW - Fluid-rock interactions PY - 2016 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1750583616305047 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.08.019 SN - 1750-5836 SN - 1878-0148 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 682 EP - 701 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-38401 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radziszewska, Agnieszka A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Mosquera Feijoo, Maria A1 - Solecka, M. T1 - Microstructure and chemical composition of Fe-Cr alloy tempered in high temperature and atmosphere containing Ar-SO2 N2 - The paper presents the microstructure, chemical and phase composition of thin scale, obtained as a result of high temperature corrosion of X20Cr13 stainless steel. Samples were exposed to gas atmosphere of the following composition: 0.25 vol.% of SO2 and 99.75 vol.% of Ar at 600 °C for 5 h. As a consequence, thin compact scale was formed on steel surface. This scale consisted of three different zones. An amorphous zone was formed close to steel surface. Then, nanocrystalline Zone could be observed. Finally, larger grains were formed during the corrosion process. The analysis of the chemical composition revealed higher concentration of chromium near steel surface. In contrast, to chromium, the content of iron, increased near the scale surface. It was found out that the (Cr, Mn, Fe)5O12 phase appeared in the thin scale. KW - High-temperature corrosion KW - X20Cr13 steel PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0262 SN - 1733-3490 SN - 2300-1909 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - 1607 EP - 1612 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38351 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Sophie T1 - Entwicklung oxidkeramischer Werkstoffe und Folien für thermoelektrische Multilayergeneratoren N2 - Calcium cobaltite is a promising oxide thermoelectric materials for applications between 600 °C and 900 °C in air to convert waste heat directly into electrical power. The solid-state reaction, well known for large scale powder synthesis of functional materials, is used for the production of thermoelectric oxides. As a high temperature process, the powder synthesis consumes a lot of energy. In different studies, different synthesis conditions were used for the preparation of calcium cobaltite. To the author’s knowledge, a systematic study of the synthesis conditions of calcium cobaltite and calcium manganate has not yet been published. Therefore, the synthesis conditions for calcium cobaltite (temperature, dwell time, and particle size of raw materials) were studied with a statistical design of experiments (2³) and investigated regarding phase composition (XRD), densification, and thermoelectric properties. This study showed that a higher energy input (elevated temperatures, longer dwell times, or repeated calcinations) during powder synthesis does not improve but deteriorate the thermoelectric properties of calcium cobaltite. The same correlation was determined for the shrinkage. As a higher energy input during powder synthesis leads to a larger grain size and therefore to a reduced sinter activity the shrinkage at a given sinter profile is minimize as well as the thermoelectric properties. These results can be used to minimize the energy demand for the powder synthesis of oxide thermoelectric materials. In addition an increase of power factor by factor 10 can be achieved by applying pressure assisted sintering. T2 - Funktionsmaterialien - Lehrstuhlseminar CY - Bayreuth, Germany DA - 18.11.2016 KW - Thermoelectrics KW - Solid-state-reaction KW - Calcium cobaltite PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38375 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hübert, Thomas T1 - H2Sense - Cost-effective and reliable Hydrogen Sensors for Facilitating the Safe Use of Hydrogen N2 - The H2SENSE (Cost-effective and reliable hydrogen sensors for facilitating the safe use of hydrogen) project promoted hydrogen primarily, but not exclusively, for its use as an alternative fuel. It brought together different stakeholders including sensor manufacturers, end-users, certification bodies and independent evaluators to ensure the optimum use of low-cost and reliable hydrogen sensors. Project partners analysed sensor performance in real-life applications in industrial environments and identified increased requirements for sensors and for regulations, codes and standards. H2SENSE also facilitated the safe use and implementation of hydrogen as an alternative fuel by ensuring the correct use of effective hydrogen detection devices. European scientists worked together with colleagues from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Colorado, USA. They pooled their knowledge of developments in hydrogen sensor technology as well as deployment and commercialisation strategies. These benefits will be continued through trans-Atlantic inter-laboratory sensor testing programmes in which EU and US laboratories perform complementary tests and exchange results. KW - Sensors KW - Hydrogen KW - Renewable energy PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-387484 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38748 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF ED - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth T1 - 3rd Workshop on Thermo-Mechanical Fatique - Interntional TMF-Workshop N2 - Components in the Aerospace, Power and Automotive engineering sectors are frequently subjected to cyclic stresses induced by thermal fluctuations and mechanical loads. For the design of such components, reliable material property data are required which need to be acquired using well accepted and reproducible test procedures for thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) loading. Available materials TMF property data are limited so that there is a need for further TMF data generated by TMF testing. The TMF behaviour of materials is often desired to be simulated in models which describe the cyclic stress-strain behaviour, the fatigue life and the cyclic crack growth behaviour. There is a continuous need for the development and amendment of such models. Models can be validated by using materials in industrial applications which are subjected to TMF loading. T2 - 3rd Workshop on Thermo-Mechanical Fatique - Interntional TMF-Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.04.2016 KW - Thermo-mechanical fatigue KW - TMF KW - Cyclic stress-strain behaviour KW - Fatigue life KW - Cyclic crack growth behaviour PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-386960 SP - 1 EP - 696 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38696 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Knieschewski, Arno T1 - Unterstützung der Marktüberwachung - Dunstabzugshauben N2 - Eine neue Methode zur Prüfung von Dunstabzugshauben wurde vorgestellt. T2 - AK 513.2.5 Dunstabzugshauben Sitzung CY - Bretten, Germany DA - 28.09.2016 KW - Normung KW - Energie Label KW - Dunstabzugshauben KW - Fettabscheidegrad PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-46422 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -