TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - The role of scattering in the formation of laserinduced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are a universal phenomenon that is accompanying laser materials processing. These surface nanostructures pave a simple way for surface functionalization with numerous applications in optics, fluidics, tribology, medicine, etc. This contribution reviews the current view on the role of electromagnetic scattering in the formation of LIPSS. T2 - Workshop on Theoretical and Numerical Tools for Nanophotonics (TNTN 2020) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.02.2020 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS KW - Electromagnetic scattering KW - Finite-difference time-domain calculations PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghafafian, Carineh T1 - Localized repairs for wind turbine rotor blades N2 - The effect of localized repairs on the structural integrity and thus the lifespan of wind turbine rotor blade shells is examined. T2 - SAMPE Symposium 2020 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 17.02.2020 KW - GFRP KW - Wind turbine blade shells KW - Scarf joint repairs KW - Sandwich PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50480 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hernández-Gómez, R. A1 - Chamorro, C. R. T1 - Experimental determination of (p, ρ, T) data for binary mixtures of methane and helium N2 - The GERG-2008 and AGA8-DC92 equations of state enable the calculation of thermal and caloric properties for natural gases and other related mixtures consisting of up to 21 pure components. Experimental characterization of the thermodynamic behavior of gas binary mixtures is of great importance because most of the binary systems were taken into account by using adjusted reducing functions for density and temperature. Only for those binary mixtures for which sufficient accurate experimental data were available, specific departure functions were developed. For the binary mixture methane-helium no departure function was developed so far. This work studied the thermodynamic behavior of two gravimetrically prepared methane-helium binary mixtures through accurate (p, ρ, T) experimental data obtained by using a single-sinker densimeter with magnetic suspension coupling. T2 - 19th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY - Boulder, CO, USA DA - 21.06.2015 KW - GERG-2008 equation of state KW - Binary mixture KW - Density data PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35941 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stajanca, Pavol T1 - Perfluorinated polymer optical fibers for gamma radiation monitoring N2 - The sensitivity of low loss perfluorinated polymer optical fiber (PF-POF) to gamma radiation is investigated for on line radiation monitoring purposes. The radiation induced attenuation (RIA) of a commercial PF-POF based on Cytop material is measured in the visible spectral region. The fiber RIA shows strong wavelength dependence with rapid increase towards the blue side of the spectrum. The wide range of radiation sensitivities is available via careful selection of appropriate monitoring wavelength. The accessible sensitivities span from 1.99 ± 0.01 dBm⁻¹/kGy measured at 890 nm to 140.9 ± 0.6 dBm⁻¹/kGy measured at 460 nm. The fairly high radiation sensitivity as well as its wide tunability makes the fiber a promising candidate for a broad range of applications. T2 - Sixth European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors CY - Limerick, Ireland DA - 31.05.2016 KW - Perfluorinated polymer optical fiber KW - Cytop KW - Gamma radiation KW - Optical fiber sensors KW - Radiation dosimetry PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2235528 AN - OPUS4-36460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sentker, K. A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Columnar axial orientation of discotic liquid crystals in nanoporous solids N2 - Successful implementation of an optical polarimetry measurement setup. Due to wall anchoring interactions HAT6 embedded in an untreated alumina membrane exhibits a radial orientation for pore sizes in between 30 nm and 80 nm. Embedded in large membranes, pore size of 180 nm, HAT6 forms the favored hexagonal columnar phase along the pore axis. T2 - 80. Jahrestagung der DPG und DPG-Frühjahrstagung CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 06.03.2016 KW - Discotic Liquid Crystals KW - Nanoconfinement KW - Orientation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36479 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Amano, K.O.A. A1 - Hahn, S.-K. A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Rappsilber, Tim A1 - Krause, U. T1 - Experimental Investigation on Explosion Pressure Characteristics of Lithium-based (NMC) Pouch Batteries during Thermal Runaway N2 - Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are prone to spontaneous and subsequent fire or explosion resulting from thermal runaway. The vented gases are not only toxic and flammable, their emission can also raise the surrounding pressure rapidly. In this study, characteristic variations of explosion pressure rise, rate of explosion pressure rise and 𝐾(sT)-value have been evaluated. The characteristic 𝐾(𝑠𝑇)-values were determined to evaluate the explosive behavior of LIBs during thermal runaway. The estimated values were compared to that of other explosive substances. T2 - Batterieforum Deutschland 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 20.01.2021 KW - Pressure KW - Lithium KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Battery KW - Pouch PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52033 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bischoff, Tristan T1 - Heat storage testing method with realistic operating conditions N2 - Development of a new testing method for comparing efficient stratified heat storages. T2 - World sustainable energy days CY - Online meeting DA - 21.06.2021 KW - Heat storage KW - Stratification KW - Testing Methods KW - Exergy KW - Load profile PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52791 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wosniok, Aleksander T1 - Faseroptische Strahlungssensoren für kerntechnische Anwendungen N2 - Faseroptische Strahlungssensoren ermöglichen ein räumlich verteiltes Online-Monitoring entlang der gesamten Sensorfaser. Verschiedene Messverfahren nutzen überwiegend zwei durch die ionisierende Strahlung in optischen Fasern induzierte Effekte, d. h. die Erhöhung der optischen Dämpfung und die damit verbundene Veränderung des Brechungsindex des Fasermaterials. Die Sensitivität der Strahlungssensoren lässt sich je nach Anwendung durch die Wahl der Dotierstoffe im Glasfaserkern sowie der Art des Polymermaterials des POF-Sensors beeinflussen. Ferner ist die Sensitivität auch durch den Betrieb bei geeigneten Wellenlängen einstellbar. Bei dem sensorischen Einsatz von faseroptischen Sensoren muss auch die vorhandene Ausheilung des Sensors sowie die Abhängigkeit der erfassten Messsignale von der Temperatur und der Dosisleistung berücksichtigt werden. T2 - 2. Tage der Standortauswahl CY - Online meeting DA - 11.02.2021 KW - Faseroptischer Strahlungssensor KW - Ortsauflösende Fasersensorik KW - Strahlungsinduzierte optische Dämpfung PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52113 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wosniok, Aleksander T1 - Distributed fiber optic radiation sensors N2 - In this work, we present our results achieved in several research activities for development of fiber optic dosimeters. The findings show that both the measurement of the radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) along the entire sensing fiber and the accom panying change in the refractive index of the fiber core can be used for distributed radiation monitoring in the kGy and MGy range, respectively. Depending on the fiber type and material the RIA shows varying response to dose rates, environmental temperatures and the wavelength of the laser source used. T2 - safeND CY - Online meeting DA - 10.11.2021 KW - Distributed sensing KW - Fiber optic radiation sensor KW - Radiation sensing fibers KW - Radiation-induced attenuation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53752 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Gleim, Tobias T1 - Temperature and Heat Flux Measurements in Fire Testing N2 - Packages for the transport of Spent Nuclear Fuel and high active radioactive waste are designed to withstand severe accidents. Specific mechanical and thermal tests are defined in the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials in order to cover these hypothetical severe accidents. The thermal test mainly consists of a 30 minute fully engulfing fire. Components such as the package impact limiters can lead to supplementary energy release during the thermal test as they might continue burning after the fire phase. Local heat flux into the package can occur. Measurement of heat flux into the package is of importance to evaluate component temperatures and review their acceptance. The usability of heat flux sensors and temperature measurement equipment has to be tested to apply them in impact limiter fire testing. Further questions arise such as :“Is the infrared camera a useful tool to determine heat flux at the boundary surface?” T2 - Technical Exchange IRSN – BAM Transport & Storage of Packages for Radioactive Material CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 08.09.2021 KW - Heat flux sensor PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-55659 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid T1 - Corrosion testing in a laboratory container: Corrosion testing with artificial seawater and sediment N2 - Electricity generation by offshore wind turbine generators (WTG) is an important pillar of the energy transition. Corrosion processes on WTGs pose a particular challenge with regard to safe operation over longer periods of time due to the highly corrosive conditions in the offshore area. BAM is therefore conducting research to ensure a safe operation of the turbines over their intended service life to protect people and the environment. In a joint research project, different corrosion-relevant areas of a WTG foundation structure were specifically simulated in test basins within a laboratory container. The aim of the work was, on the one hand, the gravimetric and electrochemical determination of corrosion rates in the different areas of an WTG that are relevant for cathodic corrosion protection (CCP): Underwater and sediment zone as well as the transition area between these two zones. Also, targeted tests were carried out under CCP. In addition, investigations regarding calcareous deposition during CCP were carried out on idealized specimens under laboratory conditions to better assess its influence on the protection process. The investigations were carried out in a laboratory container with different basins, which were filled with sand as sediment and artificial seawater according to ISO 15711and connected via a closed water circuit. The poster at EURCORR 2022 provides an overview of the investigations and the most important results. It will be evaluated, if a simulation of offshore corrosion conditions is possible to a certain extent in an idealized system with artificial seawater and sediment. T2 - EUROCORR 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.08.2022 KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion Testing KW - Artificial Sea Water KW - Laboratory Container PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55664 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönauer-Kamin, Daniela T1 - Powder-Aerosol deposited (PAD) calcium manganate as n-type thermoelectric material N2 - Currently, calcium manganate CaMnO3 and calcium cobaltite Ca3Co4O9 are being investigated as n-type resp. p-type semiconducting materials as oxidation- and temperature-resistant thermoelectric materials for oxide multilayer thermoelectric generators (TEGs). In order to manufacture multilayer TEGs, pressure-assisted sintering processes at high temperatures are necessary to achieve optimal thermoelectric material properties. To realize TEGs in planar film technology, another method to obtain dense ceramic layers directly from the synthesized starting powders without a subsequent high temperature step is emerging recently: the powder aerosol deposition (PAD) method. In the present work, it is investigated whether PAD is suitable to produce dense ceramic films from Sm-doped CaMnO3 and Ca3Co4O9 powders. The resulting thermoelectric properties are characterized as a function of temperature. CaMnO3 powder could successfully be processed by PAD with resulting layer thicknesses of 5- 6 µm without any high-temperature sintering steps of the films. The electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient of the films were determined in-plane from room temperature to 600 °C in air. The results show a Seebeck coefficient of around -200 µV/K, which is comparable to results of pressed and sintered bars. At 400 °C, the electrical conductivity corresponds to the conductivity of the bar. At higher temperatures the conductivity is better than with the reference. Below 400°C, the electrical conductivity is somewhat lower than that of the reference sample, a mild thermal treatment of the PAD layer improves it. It is expected that the thermal conductivity of the PAD film will be lower compared to the bars due to the nano-crystalline film morphology. This should result in a significantly increased ZT value for the PAD layers and a higher efficiency of the TEG. The work shows that both CaMnO3 and Ca3Co4O9 can be successfully processed by PAD, and the PAD films show comparable thermoelectric properties. T2 - 18th European Conference on Thermoelectrics CY - Barcelona, Spanien DA - 14.09.2022 KW - Film depositition KW - Calcium cobaltite PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55771 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Distributed fiber optic radiation sensors for nuclear applications N2 - Advantages and underlying principles of distributed fiber optic radiation sensing are discussed. Differences with regard to dose measurement range and resolution between glass optical fiber based sensing and polymer optical fiber based sensing are outlined. T2 - DGZfP SMIRT26 Laborbesuch (BAM) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.07.2022 KW - Distributed fiber optic sensing KW - Fiber optic radiation monitoring KW - Distributed fiber optic radiation sensing PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Musolff, Andre T1 - Fire Influence to Wood Filled Impact Limiters - Implications for the Package Design Safety Case N2 - Impact limiters with wooden components are widely used in the design of packages for transportation of radioactive material. In most designs, the wood is encapsulated with steel sheets. Impact limiters mainly determine the mechanical and thermal behaviour of the package in accident conditions of transport in accordance with the IAEA Regulations. In context with research and development for package design approval competence, the thermal behaviour of heavy-weight packages was investigated at BAM with an artificially pre-damaged generic impact limiter design. Within this first investigation, the pre-damaged impact limiter with a diameter of 2.3 meters was mounted on a water tank simulating the thermal capacity of a cask during the fire test. The water tank is part of a water circulating system built of several components such as pump, heater, cooler, sliding valve, flow meter, thermocouples and control unit in order to measure the heat flux. Furthermore, the investigations focus on the effects this additional heat generation would have on the cask and especially on the lid-closure system with the gasket. The results of these experiments could find consideration in the safety case of the transport packages of radioactive material using wood filled impact limiters. T2 - 20th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials CY - Juan-les-Pins, France DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Fire test KW - Impact limiter KW - Mechanical and thermal behaviour PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57719 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Christian T1 - Eignungsprüfungen geophysikalischer Sensoren zur Rissdetektion an Demonstrationsbauwerken N2 - Bei der Betonage von Abdichtbauwerken können Temperaturen bis 110 °C und hohe Drücke bis 5 MPa erreicht werden. Mittels Technikumsversuchen wurde nachgewiesen, dass Mikroakustik- und Ultraschallsensoren zum Einbau in Demonstrationsbauwerke geeignet sind. Die Untersuchungen wurden bei der BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung) in Berlin durchgeführt. Es ist vorgesehen, die Sensoren in Morsleben am Demonstrationsbauwerk im Anhydrit einzusetzen. T2 - 84. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft CY - Jena, Germany DA - 10.03.2024 KW - Ultraschall KW - Eignungsprüfung KW - Risse KW - Abdichtbauwerk KW - Anhydrit PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59772 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani, Media T1 - Federated SHM: a Novel Collaborative ML Approach to Overcome Data Scarcity and Data Privacy Concerns in StructuralHealth Monitoring N2 - The deployment of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in structural health monitoring (SHM) faces multiple challenges. Foremost among these is the insufficient availability of extensive high-quality data sets essential for robust training. Within SHM, high-quality data is defined by its accuracy, relevance, and fidelity in representing real-world structural scenarios (pristine as well as damaged). Although methods like data augmentation and creating synthetic data can add to datasets, they frequently sacrifice the authenticity and true representation of the data. Sharing real-world data encapsulating true structural and anomalous scenarios offers promise. However, entities are often reluctant to share raw data, given the potential extraction of sensitive information, leading to trust issues among collaborating entities. Our study introduces a novel methodology leveraging Federated Learning (FL) to navigate these challenges. Within the FL framework, models are trained in a decentralized manner across different entities, preserving data privacy. In our research, we simulated several scenarios and compared them to traditional local training methods. Employing guided wave (GW) datasets, we distributed the data among different parties (clients) using IID (independent, identically distributed or in other words, statistically identical) mini batches of dataset, as well as non-IID configurations. This approach mirrors real-world data distribution among varied entities, such as hydrogen refueling stations. In our methodology, the initial round involves individualized training for each client using their unique datasets . Subsequently, the model parameters are sent to the FL server, where they are averaged to construct a global model. In the second round, this global model is disseminated back to the clients to aid in predictive tasks. This iterative process continues for several rounds to reach convergence. Our findings distinctly highlight the advantages of FL over localized training, evidenced by a marked improvement in prediction accuracy . This research underscores the potential of FL in GW-based SHM, offering a remedy to similar challenges tied to data scarcity in other SHM approaches and paving the way for a new era of collaborative, data-centric monitoring systems. T2 - QI Digital Forum CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.10.2023 KW - Machine learning KW - Federated learning KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Hydrogen safety KW - Data privacy PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59415 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weber, Mike T1 - Design of a Drop Test Target with Reproducible Properties for Konrad Prototype Testing N2 - Beginning in 1976 the former iron ore mine Konrad was geologically investigated concerning its suitability as a location for a German final repository for low and intermediate level waste. After a comprehensive licensing procedure it was approved and is now being prepared and equipped for the planned start of storage in 2027. At the end of the 1980s, the requirements for waste containers for storage in this repository were defined for the first time on the basis of an incident analysis of the on-site handling procedures, beginning with the unloading of the packages after the arrival at the site up to the final positioning in the underground storage galleries. A 5-meter drop onto the rock ground of the mine was identified as the covering case for high mechanical requirements (ABK II container class). In contrast to the 9-meter drop according to the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material, the 5-meter drop is performed onto a hard but not essentially unyielding target. The container is typically not protected by an impact limiter. The requirements for a potential test facility are described in the regulations for the Konrad repository. The mechanical strength of the target is defined as a concrete strength equivalent to the identified properties of the rock ground of the mine. Since 1991 BAM has consistently used precast reinforced concrete slabs as target for drop tests in the framework of licensing procedures as well as in research projects. While the original design fulfilled the requirement for the integrity of the concrete slab in most cases, it failed when drop tests onto an edge of a container were performed. A redesigned concrete slab developed in a research project and suggested as a reference target in 2009 has been successfully used in Konrad licensing procedures since then. The paper gives a brief overview of the historical development and it describes BAM’s efforts and approaches to continuously guarantee a concrete slab of defined quality and to provide a test setup for valid drop tests from the applicants and the authorities view. T2 - PATRAM 2022, 20th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials CY - Juan-les-Pins, France DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Final repository Konrad KW - Drop test KW - Target PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58564 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Amano, Kofi Owusu Ansah T1 - Study of thermal runaway and gas emissions in NMC lithium-ion batteries: State of Charge Dependence Investigation N2 - Thermal runaway investigations were performed by subjecting single and double NMC pouch cells to thermal abuse condition inside an air-tight reactor vessel with an internal volume of 100 dm³. The study was divided into two series. The findings revealed the thermal runaway-induced explosion in the cells results in a rate of temperature increase greater than 10 K/s. The highest gaseous production was achieved at a range of 90 – 100% SOC and higher battery capacities 0.79 L/Wh (Series 1, 10 Ah cell) and 0.87 L/Wh (Series 2, 32 Ah cell). The investigation showed between 25 m³ and 84 m³ of explosible gas mixture could be released from electric vehicles of nominal useable electrical energy from 32 kWh up to 108 kWh at thermal runaway. It was also found that, the release of these explosible gases could undergo a secondary explosion. T2 - 4th IBSW 2023 – International Battery Safety Workshop CY - Ulm, Germany DA - 28.09.2023 KW - Consequneces KW - Electrical Energy Storage KW - Propagation; Gas release KW - Lithium-ion battery PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58543 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Chaudhuri, Somsubhro T1 - Weather-dependent passive thermography and thermal simulation of in-service wind turbine blades N2 - The thermographic methods NDT division of BAM is aiming to develop a wind turbine blade (WTB) inspection tool using infrared thermographic scanning of operational wind turbines in the project EvalTherm. T2 - WindEurope Annual Event 2023 CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 25.04.2023 KW - FEM KW - Thermografie KW - Wind turbine rotor blades KW - Windenergie anlage rotorblätte PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58275 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette A1 - Neumeyer, Tino A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Investigations of Aged Metal Seals for Transport Package Safety Assessment N2 - Acceptable limits for activity release from transport casks for high-level radioactive material specified in the IAEA regulations must be kept by the integrity of cask body and the cask sealing system. BAM as the German competent authority for mechanical, thermal and containment assessment of packages liable for approval verifies the activity release compliance with the regulatory limits. One of the fundamental aspects in assessment is the specification of conservative package design leakage rates. To ensure the required package tightness for both, storage, and transport of the cask before and after storage usually metal seals of the Helicoflex® Type are used. Due to the long-term use the seal behavior is influenced by temperature and time. The mechanical and thermal loadings associated with the routine, normal and accident conditions of transport specified in the regulations can have a significant effect on the leak tightness of the sealing system. Whereas the safety for application of new, non- aged Helicoflex® seals is verified sufficiently, there are still technical data gaps concerning the efficiency of aged Helicoflex® seals. BAM performed experiments to learn more about the sealing efficiency of aged Helicoflex® seals with Aluminum and Silver outer jackets. The seals were compressed in test-flanges and for artificial ageing the complete flange systems were stored in an oven for several month at a high temperature. During the compression and decompression tests after the aging, load-deformation characteristics of the seals, and leakage rates were measured. With these tests a load situation was simulated, which can occur in the regulatory drop test of the cask: Under high impact loads the bolted lid can lift a little for a short moment, allowing a little movement of the seal, so that the contact area can change before compressing again. The poster presentation will show details about test conditions and first results. T2 - Interdisciplinary research symposium on the safety of nuclear disposal practices safeND2023 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.09.2023 KW - Radioactive material KW - Sealing KW - Ageing KW - Leaktightnes PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58436 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stamm, Michael T1 - In situ characterisation of GFRP shell structures of wind turbine rotor blades under test using lock-in thermography N2 - The work shown demonstrates the possibility of measuring the load distribution of complex components such as rotor blades in cyclic tests using thermography. This is confirmed in the experiments presented by comparison with DIC measurements. The advantage of thermography is that it does not require any treatment of the test specimens in the setup shown and the measurement procedure can in principle be scaled to large components. In addition, compared to other imaging methods, the actual loads and not the deformation are measured. With a suitable data evaluation by means of Lockin analysis, small loads can be verified in a formative manner. Using the example of model repairs in shell test specimens made of sandwich glass fibre composite material, it is shown that inhomogeneous load distribution due to internal structures can be detected using thermography. T2 - WindEurope Annual Event 2023 CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 25.04.2023 KW - Thermography KW - TSA PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58500 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stamm, Michael T1 - Infrared Thermography of wind turbine rotor blades: 3 use cases N2 - Thermography is a widely accepted non-invasive measurement method and is generally used in various areas of the life cycle of infrastructure and machinery. This includes design, production and maintenance. Thermography is particularly suitable for remote inspection of large areas that are difficult to reach. In this presentation, applications of thermography in the field of wind energy will be shown, touching on three explicit examples from rotor blade inspection. Experimental testing and validation: Thermography can measure and visualise the stress distribution on the surface during cyclic tests of rotor blades and rotor blade sections. The so-called thermoelastic stress analysis makes use of special evaluation algorithms (Lockin analysis) of the measurement data and the cyclic loading of components. An advantage of the measurement methods compared to other measurement methods such as strain gauges or digital image correlation is that it does not require any extra treatment or sensoring of the components. In the work shown here, repair methods are optimised and evaluated in cyclic tests on shell test specimens. Operation and maintenance: Rotor blades can be inspected from the ground during operation using passive thermography. Here, the integration of weather forecasts and conditions as input for simulations is crucial and will be demonstrated with some examples from the field. The goal of the ongoing research is to obtain detailed insights into the internal structure of the inspected rotor blades with individual measurements. A specially developed automated measuring system is able to measure a wind turbine (one-sided) within 5 minutes without impacting its operation. Environmental impact: In cases where less strict time and economic constraints apply than in the maintenance of rotor blades in operation, thermography can also be used to realise other inspection processes that take more time. Examples of this are quality control or the characterisation of rotor blades during dismantling. In the latter case, for example, it can be crucial to know which components such as foam, balsa, belt and spar are present in which parts of the blade when dismantling the rotor blades. Long-term measurements (~1-2 h) under suitable weather conditions can provide good insights into the inner structure of the rotor blades, both during disassembly and during quality control before installation. For this purpose, the sun is used as a heat source, which induces a thermal response of the rotor blades. The thermal behaviour of the rotor blades then allows conclusions to be drawn about the internal structure. T2 - EERA DeepWind conference 2023 CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 18.01.2023 KW - Thermography KW - Wind turbine blade KW - Inspection PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58501 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rieck, Arielle A1 - Schwarz, Irina T1 - Valorization of CO2 by electrocatalytic reduction coupled to acetogens via multiple electron carriers (Ecat-acetogens) N2 - For the realization of a sustainable energy economy, it is of great importance to develop CO2 -neutral methods producing multi-carbon organic chemicals used as feedstock in the chemical industry as well as carbon-neutral fuels. A promising method to alleviate the greenhouse effect and thereby forming value-added chemicals or syngas as an energy carrier, is through the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this work, a bioelectrotechnological approach is developed, in which the CO2RR reaction products (CO and H2) are directly fed to bacteria (acetogens), who use them as “reduction equivalents” to further metabolize CO2 to valuable carbon compounds. Therefore, a bio-electrochemical system consisting of a bioreactor coupled to a CO2 electrolysis cell will be established. Currently, scarce catalysts such as Ag and Au are used as for the CO2RR which may hamper the use of decentral CO2 conversion technology for cost reasons. The technological viability of the bacteria-assisted electrolysis depends on the usage of efficient, biocompatible, and selective electrocatalysts prepared from inexpensive precursors. Porous transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbons (M-N-Cs) have emerged as precious-metal free electrocatalysts for the direct electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO and are excellent candidates for scale-up and deployment in technological applications. Furthermore, Co/Ni/Zn functioning as the catalytically active sites will be used, as they are expected to depict non-bactericidal properties in contrast to Cu and Ag catalysts. The non-bactericidal property could e.g., allow for application within the hybrid device (bio-electrochemical system), without the need to separate bacteria and cathode catalyst. The MNCs with the most promising electrocatalytic activity and selectivity will be evaluated in abiotic conditions in the hybrid bio-electrochemical reactor system. T2 - DFG Summer School Workshop CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 01.09.2022 KW - CO2 Reduktion KW - MNC catalyst KW - Clostridium ragsdalei PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56619 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brunner-Schwer, Christian T1 - How innovative welding technology can speed up the wind tower manufacturing process eightfold N2 - In the wind industry, a great deal of welding is required for the manufacture of foundation structures, floating platforms and towers. The poster illustrates how this welding process can be realised much more efficiently with the help of electromagnetic weld pool backing. T2 - Wind Europe Annual Event 2024 CY - Bilbao, Spain DA - 20.03.2024 KW - Schweißen KW - Laserschweißen KW - Windeneergie PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60604 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Naster, Maximilian T1 - Development of a Hydrogen Fire Test Rig for Thermal Testing N2 - A new hydrogen-based test rig is being developed for a feasibility study on the use of hydrogen as an energy source for thermal testing in accordance with the IAEA SSR-6 guidelines for transport packages containing radioactive materials. The test rig will be capable of combusting hydrogen for a wide range of different burner geometries, mass flows and if necessary hydrogen blends. As this type of fire test according to the IAEA boundary conditions (SSR-6 & SSG-26) does not yet exist, a large number of preliminary investigations, safety assessments and calculations must be carried out in order to develop a viable concept for hydrogen fires. T2 - 1st JF BMUV Förderprogramm CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.05.2024 KW - IAEA Fire KW - H2 Fire KW - IAEA Regulations PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60555 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Naster, Maximilian T1 - Development of a Hydrogen Fire Test Rig for Thermal Testing N2 - A new hydrogen-based test rig is being developed for a feasibility study on the use of hydrogen as an energy source for thermal testing in accordance with the IAEA SSR-6 guidelines for transport packages containing radioactive materials. The test rig will be capable of combusting hydrogen for a wide range of different burner geometries, mass flows and if necessary hydrogen blends. As this type of fire test according to the IAEA boundary conditions (SSR-6 & SSG-26) does not yet exist, a large number of preliminary investigations, safety assessments and calculations must be carried out in order to develop a viable concept for hydrogen fires. T2 - Technical Exchange IRSN – BAM Transport & Storage of Packages for Radioactive Material CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.06.2024 KW - IAEA Fire KW - H2 Fire KW - IAEA Regulations PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60554 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Enhancement of the bam fire test stand for testing a large transport package for radioactive materials N2 - Packages for the transport of spent nuclear fuel are designed to endure severe accidents. To obtain approval, these transport packages must adhere to the specification-based criteria of the international transport regulations SSR-6 of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). To ensure compliance with these requirements, specific mechanical and thermal tests need to be addressed with respect to the package type. Typically, SSR-6 prescribes a mechanical test followed by a thermal fire test as part of different testing scenarios. To approve the latter test of the sequence, BAM performs calorimeter tests in advance with so-called fire reference packages for characterizing the actual fire and its impact on the package to be tested. Packages are designed with different geometry sizes depending on their purpose. For previous tests, the implemented test setups in the fire test stand were sufficiently dimensioned and could cover all requirements in this respect. However, to cover additional testing needs in the future, BAM is expanding the test setup for the purpose of testing significantly larger packages. In previous test setups one ring burner for propane surrounding the test specimen was sufficient. The limiting size in this configuration was the design height of the transport package to be tested. According to the thermal test of the IAEA-Regulations [1], a 30-minute fully engulfing 800°C pool fire or an equally severe fire, e.g., propane gas fire, must be applied to the transport package. Possible adjustments such as nozzle cross-section and propane mass flow can be adjusted to a certain extent. Further modifications, to cover significantly higher and larger packages all-around with a fully engulfing fire, must be accomplished with an additional, second burner ring. Both burner rings had the same dimensions and were mounted on top of each other at different heights to create a significantly larger volume of fire that completely engulfs the package including its impact limiter. To meet the IAEA regulatory boundary conditions, the enhanced fire test stand with the second burner ring is tested with a large fire reference package and will then be used for real-size transport packages after all parameters are successfully met. This fire reference package represents the external geometry of a generic transport cask for radioactive material and is equipped with numerous temperature sensors to record temperature curves at the interior wall surfaces. T2 - RAMTrans 2024 CY - London, United Kingdom DA - 14.05.2024 KW - Fire testing KW - Full-scale KW - Transport package PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60255 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weber, Mike T1 - Consequences of an Imperfectly Mounted Reinforcement Cage in a Cylindrical Concrete Container During Mechanical Specimen Tests N2 - In 2007 the license for the German Konrad repository for low and intermediate level radioactive waste was finally confirmed. Since then, the site is improved, prepared and equipped for the currently planned start of waste package emplacement in 2029. Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung is regularly contracted by the Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung as the responsible authority for waste product control, waste container design testing, and waste package acceptance. In this context BAM is mainly responsible for design testing of various container types including the evaluation of quality assurance measures for container manufacturing. In addition to general requirements concerning container design, the casks have to withstand specific mechanical load scenarios. Drop tests from different heights under consideration of the most damaging drop orientation and a stacking test are two examples for necessary safety demonstrations. If the containers are made from concrete the reinforcement has the function to absorb tensile forces the concrete is not able to withstand by its own. Because of manufacturing imperfections of cylindrical concrete containers manufactured already decades ago, the reinforcement cages are not always exactly, asymmetrically positioned when they were poured. This inspired BAM to perform various ABAQUS® finite-element (FE) simulations by using the example of a simplified cylindrical container design with generic dimensions. On the basis of the calculated tensile and compressive stress distributions suggestions are derived on how a cylindrical concrete container with an imperfectly placed reinforcement cage has to be oriented for a drop or stacking test to ensure the most damaging test scenario. T2 - RAMTRANS 2024 CY - London, United Kingdom DA - 14.05.2024 KW - Finite-element-analysis KW - Container design testing procedure KW - Reinforced concrete containers KW - Drop test KW - Stacking test KW - Imperfectly mounted reinforcement cage PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60120 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette A1 - Neumeyer, Tino A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Investigations of Aged Metal Seals for Transport Package Safety Assessment N2 - Acceptable limits for activity release from transport casks for high-level radioactive material specified in the IAEA regulations must be kept by the integrity of cask body and the cask sealing system. BAM as the German competent authority for mechanical, thermal and containment assessment of packages liable for approval verifies the activity release compliance with the regulatory limits. The specification of conservative package design leakage rates is one of the most important aspects in assessment. Metal seals of the Helicoflex® Type are usually used to ensure the required package tightness for both, storage, and transport of the cask before and after storage. Due to the long-term use the seal behavior is influenced by temperature and time. The mechanical and thermal loadings associated with the routine, normal and accident conditions of transport specified in the regulations can have a significant effect on the leak tightness of the sealing system. Whereas the safety for application of new, non- aged Helicoflex® seals is verified sufficiently, there are still technical data gaps concerning the efficiency of aged Helicoflex® seals. BAM performed experiments to learn more about the sealing efficiency of aged Helicoflex® seals with Aluminum and Silver outer jackets. The seals were compressed in test-flanges and for artificial ageing the complete flange systems were stored in an oven for several month at a high temperature. After this ageing procedure the flanges were opened completely, the seals were moved a little to vary the contact area, and the flanges were compressed again. During the compression and decompression tests after the aging, load-deformation characteristics of the seals, and leakage rates were measured. With these tests a load situation was simulated, which can occur in the regulatory drop test of the cask: Under high impact loads the bolted lid can lift a little for a short moment, allowing a little movement of the seal, so that the contact area can change before compressing again. Details about test conditions and first results will be presented in the poster. T2 - RAMTrans 2024, 12th Internatiopnal Conference on the Transport , Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Materials CY - London, UK DA - 15.05.2024 KW - Seals KW - Ageing KW - Radioaktiv PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60112 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. T1 - Leak detection with linear soil gas sensors under field conditions - First experiences running a new measurement technique N2 - A 400 m² soil test field with gas injection system was built up, which enables an experimental validation of linear gas sensors for specific applications and gases in an application-relevant scale. Several injection and soil watering experiments with carbon dioxide (CO2) at different days with varying boundary conditions were performed indicating the potential of the method for, e.g., rapid leakage detection with respect to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) issues. T2 - IEEE Sensors 2016 CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 30.10.2016 KW - Soil test field KW - Membrane-based linear gas sensor KW - Leak detection KW - Field conditions PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38247 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. T1 - Validation of membrane-based linear soil gas sensors – results from repetitive CO2 injection experiments performed in the field N2 - This work presents first results from repeti-tive CO2 injection experiments performed on a recently built-up 400 m² soil test field with gas injection system. The test field contains 48 membrane-based linear gas sensors that were installed in several depths of the test field. Sensors for measuring meteorological parameters (e.g., wind / rain) and the parameters soil temperature, soil moisture, and groundwater level were installed additionally. A more de-tailed description of the test field setup can be found in. A short description of the mem-brane-based linear gas sensors’ functional prin-ciple can be found in. T2 - 33rd Danubia- Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Distributed linear sensor KW - Gas distribution mapping and gas source localization KW - Gas storage areas KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Subsurface monitoring PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Structure and dynamics of 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakis[hexyloxy] triphenylene in nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide membranes N2 - Due to their chemical structure, a rigid disk-like aromatic core and flexible alkyl chains attached to the core, discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) can organize and stack themselves into columns in a hexagonal columnar mesophase, a mesophase in between the plastic crystalline and isotropicphase. The overlap of the π orbitals of the aromatic core in the hexagonal columnar mesophase leads to a high charge-carrier mobilitie along the column axis – these columns can be considered as “moleculer nanowires” making liquid crystals a promising class of materials for electronic applications. Previous studies on DLCs showed that the phase behavior of DLCs is susceptible to nano confinement. Here in this study, the thermotropic collective orientational order of 2,3,6,7,10,11 hexakis[hexyloxy] triphenylene (HAT6), a triphenylene based DLC, and the effects of nano confinment on of its phase behavior were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). HAT6 was embedded into nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide membranes by melt infiltration in the isotropic phase under argon atmosphere. The filled membranes have the thickness of 80 µm and the diameter of 15mm and parallel aligned tubular nanopores having the pore diameters of 25, 40, 80 and 180 nm. The filling degree for each sample was checked by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to ensure complete filling. The bulk HAT6 forms, a hexagonal columnar phase between the isotropic phase above 371 K, and the plastic crystalline phase below 340 K. Unlike the bulk, the confined HAT6 forms two peaks in the heat flow during the plastic crystalline-to-hexagonal columnar phase transition, which might be the evidence of two different phase structures close to the wall and in the pore center. Moreover, the isotropic-to-columnar transition of the confined HAT6 shifts with decreasing pore diameter to lower temperatures. T2 - 9th International Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Pisa, Italy DA - 11.09.2016 KW - Discotic liquid crystals PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37712 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kapa, Thomas A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Sicherer Netzbetrieb durch Erkennung von betriebsgefährdenden Zuständen in Hoch- und Mittelspannungs-Betriebsmitteln unter Verwendung von integrierbaren faseroptischen Sensorsystemen ("Monalisa") N2 - Selbstdarstellung des Verbundvorhabens "Monalisa" auf der Konferenz "Zukunftsfähige Stromnetze" 2016 der entsprechenden Forschungsinitiative der Bundesregierung Kurzzusammenfassung der Teilprojekte und F&E-Ziele aller beteiligten Partnerinstitutionen (BAM,TU Berlin, HTW Berlin, BeuthHS Berlin, IPH GmbH) zum Bereich Monitoring von elektrischen Betriebsmitteln mit Hilfe von faseroptischer Sensorik. T2 - Statuskonferenz "Zukunftsfähige Stromnetze" 2016 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.09.2016 KW - Faseroptische Sensoren KW - Kabelmonitoring KW - Betriebsmittelüberwachung KW - Hochspannungsanlagen KW - Verteilte faseroptische Sensorik PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38056 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hüllmann, Dino T1 - Wind Vector Estimation on Multirotor Aircraft N2 - An equation for wind vector estimation using a multirotor aircraft as a flying anemometer is shown. To compute the wind vector an estimate of the thrust of the aircraft is required, which is related to the rotational speed of the rotors. Hence, a sensing system for the rotational speed using phototransistors is presented. T2 - 34th Danubia-Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Trieste, Italy DA - 19.09.2017 KW - Wind KW - Thrust KW - Phototransistor KW - Anemometer PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42428 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Knieschewski, Arno T1 - Cheaper compliance verification for the energy label of tumble dryers N2 - The energy label is a tool that informs the consumer about the energy consumption of certain appliances. The tumble dryer is one of these appliances that were considered relevant for receiving an energy label in the European Union. All classes and values on the energy label are stated by the manufacturers. In order to guarantee that the manufacturers do not cheat and appliances are labeled correctly, the stated values are checked by the market surveillance of each country in compliance verification tests. However, in the case of tumble dryers these compliance verification tests are very expensive and can only be realized for a small sample size out of models which are available on the market. The fewer compliance verification tests are carried out, the higher is the chance that there are incorrectly labeled appliances on the market. Therefore, a modification of the test standard for tumble dryers has been analyzed which would reduce the costs of a performance test by at least 11 %. T2 - WSED 2018 - World Sustainable Energy Days CY - Wels, Austria DA - 28.02.2018 KW - Tumble dryer KW - Energy label KW - Test standard PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47473 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herold, Christian T1 - Project KoBrA - Requirements and concepts for disposal containers for heat-generating radioactive waste and spent fuel in salt, clay and crystalline rock N2 - After restarting the site selection process for a final repository for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and heat-generating radioactive waste, all areas with one of the three potential host rock formations considered in Germany – salt, clay and crystalline rock – are under review. The project “KoBrA“, run by BGE TECHNOLOGY and BAM, collects and reviews requirements, criteria and proposals for final disposal container concepts complying with the current safety standards, taking into consideration international experience in the field of high-level nuclear waste (HLW) management. T2 - IGD-TP Exchange Forum 8 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.12.2018 KW - Final disposal container KW - Spent fuel KW - HLW KW - Concepts KW - Requirements PY - 2018 UR - https://igdtp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/EF8-P9-Herold-KoBrA_V1b2.pdf AN - OPUS4-46983 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kratzig, Andreas T1 - Interaction of Reactive Components in CO2 Streams with Transport Pipeline Steel X70 N2 - In context of CLUSTER project, impacts of impurities (SO2, NO2, O2, CO, H2S, H2, N2, Ar and H2O) in CO2 streams captured from different sources in a regional cluster on transport, injection and storage were investigated. Corrosion studies of oxidizing, reductive or mixed atmospheres towards transport pipeline steel X70 were carried out applying high pressure (10 MPa) at low temperatures (278 K or 313 K). T2 - GHGT-14 Conference CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 22.10.2018 KW - Carbon capture KW - CCS KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Corrosion PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47017 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Roßberg, S. A1 - Pensel, P. A1 - Halle, T. A1 - Burkert, A. T1 - Precipitation behavior and corrosion resistance of nickel-free, high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels N2 - Nickel-free, nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless-steels, with about 19 wt.-% Mn and 0,8 wt. % N, are an interesting alternative to classic CrNi austenitic stainless steels due to their superior mechanical properties (Rm > 900 MPa, A5 > 50 %, Av > 350 J) in the solution annealed condition. The formation of chromium-rich nitrides during suboptimal heat treatment, processing or application leads to an inhomogeneous distribution of alloying elements in the microstructure, which reduces the corrosion resistance. Consequently, an accurate knowledge of the sensitization behavior is indispensable for the use of nickel-free, high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels. The relationship between artificial aging, phase formation and corrosion resistance was investigated on the alloys X8CrMnN18-19 (1.3815) and X8CrMnMoN18-19-2 (1.4456), both alloyed with 0,8 wt.-% Nitrogen, in the present work. The microstructural evolution was studied by LM and SEM while the corrosion resistance was characterized with the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) and the KorroPad indicator-test. Both alloys showed increased corrosion susceptibility within critical aging parameters. Finally, a sensitization diagram was described successfully for both alloys showing the positive effect of molybdenum. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Heat treatment KW - ThermoCalc KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Nitrogen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45954 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Comparison of the Temperature Behavior of Oil and Gas Damped Piezoresistive Accelerometers N2 - This study presents the characterization of a piezoresistive accelerometer damped with silicon oil for the application in drop tests carried out at BAM. Experiments were performed with the Hopkinson Bar method in close correlation to the real-world application conditions. The results point out certain limitations regarding the temperature influence and the frequency response. Additional experiments were performed with a gas damped type of piezoresistive accelerometer, which has superior specifications, particularly for low temperatures. The results allow for a comparison. T2 - IEEE SENSORS 2018 CY - Neu Delhi, Indien DA - 28.10.2018 KW - Accelerometer KW - Temperature behavior KW - Frequency response KW - Hopkinson Bar KW - Drop test PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46484 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kapa, Thomas A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Sicherer Netzbetrieb durch Erkennung von betriebsgefährdenden Zuständen in Hoch- und Mittelspannungs-Betriebsmitteln unter Verwendung von integrierbaren faseroptischen Sensorsystemen ("Monalisa") N2 - Selbstdarstellung des Verbundvorhabens "Monalisa" auf der Konferenz "VDE Hochspannungstechnik" 2018 der entsprechenden Forschungsinitiative der Bundesregierung Kurzzusammenfassung der Teilprojekte und F&E-Ziele aller beteiligten Partnerinstitutionen (BAM,TU Berlin, HTW Berlin, BeuthHS Berlin, IPH GmbH) zum Bereich Monitoring von elektrischen Betriebsmitteln mit Hilfe von faseroptischer Sensorik. T2 - VDE Fachtagung Hochspannungstechnik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.11.2018 KW - Betriebsmittelüberwachung KW - Faseroptische Sensoren KW - Hochspannungsanlagen KW - Kabelmonitoring KW - Verteilte faseroptische Sensorik PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46707 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Neumeyer, Tino A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Application of leakage rates measured on scaled cask or component models to the package containment safety assessment N2 - The mechanical and thermal loadings associated with the routine, normal and accident conditions of transport can have a significant effect on the leak tightness of the containment system of transport casks for spent fuel and high radioactive waste. The containment systems of such transport casks usually include bolted lids with metallic or elastomeric seals. Scaled cask models are often used for providing the required mechanical and thermal tests series. Leak tests have been conducted on those models. It is common practice to use scaled component tests to investigate the influence of deformations or displacements of the lids and the seals on the standard leakage rate as well as to study the temperature and time depending alteration of the seals. In this paper questions and open points of the transferability of scaled test results to the fullscale design of the containment system will be discussed. T2 - 11th International Conference on the Transport, Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Materials CY - London, UK DA - 15. Mai 2018 KW - Transport packages KW - Radioactve KW - Seals KW - Leakage rate PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46734 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Sicherer Netzbetrieb durch Erkennung von betriebsgefährdenden Zuständen in Hoch- und Mittelspannungs-Betriebsmitteln unter Verwendung von integrierbaren faseroptischen Sensorsystemen („Monalisa“) N2 - Darstellung des Verbundvorhabens "Monalisa" und der im Rahmen des Projekts erzielten F&E-Fortschritte auf dem 2. Statusseminar "Zukunftsfähige Stromnetze" des PTJ zur gleichnamigen Forschungsinitative der Bundesregierung. Präsentiert werden Fortschungsergebnisse zum Thema Zustandsüberwachung von verschiedenen elektrischen Betriebsmitteln (Kabel, Garnituren, Schaltanlagen, Schalter) mittels faseroptischer Sensorik. Das Monitoring bezieht sich dabei auf Temperatur, Vibrationen, eindringende Feuchte, Dehnung, und die Detektion von Teilentladungen T2 - 2. Statusseminar „Zukunftsfähige Stromnetze“ CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.11.2018 KW - Faseroptische Sensorik KW - Energiekabelmonitoring KW - Unterseekabel KW - Zustandsüberwachung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46750 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Revision of IAEA Guidance Material for Package Load Attachment Points N2 - For transport operations according IAEA regulations SSR-6, the package shall be securely stowed and the package shall be capable to withstand specific effects, e.g. accelerations, during routine transport conditions. The supporting IAEA Advisory Material SSG-26 provides information how to do that. General information and detailed load factors for use in safety demonstrations are provided. Up to now package designers in different countries use other load factors for the design of attachment points than those specified in the IAEA guidance material. In particular the acceleration factors vary between different countries and lead to difficulties during the validation of foreign approval certificates. The background of the existing guidance including specified load values was not clear enough. The application of specified values and the boundary conditions, i.e. transport conditions, seemed to be improvable. The IAEA started a discussion process to review the existing guidance text. An international working group was constituted in 2013. Representatives came from different stakeholders, e.g. transport operators, competent authorities and modal organizations. The discussions concluded especially on the transport conditions which has to be considered for stowage design, including on the one hand the relevance of the load factors used for strength and fatigue analysis and, on the other hand the criteria which have to be considered for the attachment points. In addition, complementary questions relative to the operational aspects were discussed. Revised load values for different transport modes were proposed. The values are derived from standards and include safety factors now. As a result of those discussions, the international working group wrote new guidance material for stowage in transport, addressing all the previously quoted topics. T2 - WM2018 Conference CY - Phoenix, Arizona, USA DA - 18.03.2018 KW - Acceleration values KW - IAEA regulations KW - Routine conditions of transport PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44866 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Musolff, Andre T1 - Kinematic aspects of RAM packages drop tests N2 - BAM is the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing and the competent authority for mechanical and thermal safety assessment of transport packages for spent fuel and high level waste. In context with safety assessment of RAM packages BAM performed numerous drop tests in the last decades. The tests were mostly accompanied by extensive and various measurement techniques especially by instrumented measurements with strain gages and accelerometers. The procedure of drop testing and the resulting measurement analysis are the main methods to evaluate the safety against mechanical test conditions. Measurement techniques are dedicated to answer questions in regard to the structural integrity of a RAM package, the mechanical behavior of the prototype as well as of its content under impact conditions. Test results like deceleration-time functions constitute a main basis for the validation of assumptions in the safety analysis and for the evaluation of numerical calculations. In this context the adequate selection of accelerometers and measurement systems for the performance of drop tests is important. Therefore it is not only necessary to find suitable positions for the accelerometers at the test specimens, but also to consider technical boundary conditions as e.g. temperature. T2 - 2018 WM Symposia CY - Phoenix, AZ, USA DA - 18.03.2018 KW - Drop KW - Test KW - Measurement KW - Kinematic KW - Analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Linnemann, Konrad T1 - Experience by BAM in the transport package safety assessment of German waste containers N2 - Transport and storage containers for low and midlevel radioactive waste are getting more and more of relevance due to the nuclear phase out decision in 2011. For higher activities Type B(U) approved waste containers will be needed for the shut down and dismantling phases of NPPs. It is expected that large quantities are required in the near future. German waste containers are generally approved for transport and interim storage and are also intended for the final disposal in the Konrad repository. BAM is involved in the authority licensing of transport package designs in Germany. In this context, BAM is responsible for the assessment of safe containment, mechanical, thermal and quality management issues. BAM also operates test facilities and performs drop as well as thermal tests during package licensing procedures. This paper summarizes our experience in the transport package design assessment of Type B(U) waste containers. A general overview of the approval process, the requirements and approaches BAM applies are described. Some examples are used to illustrate different aspects and technical issues we are addressing during the package assessment. In the first part of the paper the specific design aspects of German waste containers are described. Here, a general overview is given e.g. about closure systems, impact limiter designs, and the handling concepts. Furthermore, the wide range of radioactive content and their physical behavior including the impact on the packages assessment are described. The second part is focused on questions about the licensing and assessment process of German waste containers from the BAM authority point of view. The general approaches for the strategy of demonstration are outlined on the basis of the test conditions according to IAEA Regulations SSR-6. Furthermore, particular issues of the mechanical and thermal assessment with respect to the specific test conditions are discussed. For accident conditions of transport, aspects to be mentioned are e.g. the assessment of the lid bolts, the axial gap applied between content and lid, and the thermal behavior of the wood filled impact limiter after the fire test. However, issues of the assessment for routine and normal conditions of transport are addressed in this paper, too. The intention of this paper is introduce recent approval procedure experience in Germany, describing technical evaluation issues and so reduce rounds of questions during applications. T2 - 2018 WM Symposia CY - Phoenix, AZ, USA DA - 18.03.2018 KW - Transport packages KW - Safety assessment KW - Lowlevel midlevel radioactive waste PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44860 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Temperature characteristics of a piezoresistive accelerometer for high impact shock application N2 - This study presents the characterization of a piezoresistive accelerometer damped with silicon oil for the application in drop tests carried out at BAM. Experiments were performed with the Hopkinson Bar method in close correlation to the real-world application conditions. The results point out certain limitations regarding the temperature influence and the frequency response. Additional experiments were performed with a gas damped type of piezoresistive accelerometer, which has superior specifications, particularly for low temperatures. The results allow for a comparison. T2 - Sensoren und Messsysteme CY - Nürnberg, Germany DA - 26.06.2018 KW - Piezoresistive accelerometer KW - Hopkinson bar KW - High impact shock application KW - Temperature characteristics KW - Drop test PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45322 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nehrig, Marko T1 - Large Scale IAEA Thermal Test with Wood filled Impact Limiters N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material are often equipped with impact limiters consisting of wood. Mostly this wood is encapsulated by steel sheets. The impact limiters are needed to ensure that the transport casks meet the IAEA safety requirements. According to the IAEA safety requirements a package has to withstand consecutively severe mechanical tests followed by a thermal test. The mechanical tests have to produce maximum damage concerning the thermal test. Following this, the impact limiters may have serious pre-damage when the thermal tests begins. The IAEA safety requirements state that during and following the fire test, the specimen shall not be artificially cooled and any combustion of materials of the package shall be permitted to proceed naturally. Small scale fire tests with wood filled metal drums by BAM and works of the French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) showed that pre-damaged steel encapsulated wooden structures could start smoldering initiated by the thermal test. These processes supply additional energy to the cask which should be considered within the safety assessment of the package. As not much is known about smoldering processes in encapsulated wooden structures with a reduced oxygen supply the need for a test was identified. To investigate the influence of a smoldering impact limiter concerning the amount of energy supplied to the cask in dependence of the time BAM conducted a large scale impact limiter thermal test. For that, a pre-damaged impact limiter with a diameter of 2,3 m was mounted on a water tank simulating a cask. A complex system of a regulated pump, a heater, a cooler, a slide valve, a flow meter and numerous thermocouples were installed and connected to a control unit to ensure all needed operating conditions. After a pre-heating compared to typical SNF decay-heat, the 30 min lasting fire phase of the thermal test was started. After that, the expected and initiated smoldering began. The results of the large scale test are presented in this poster. Systematic small scale tests will follow to identify the influence of different parameters, e.g. moisture content and scale effects. The tests took place at BAM Test Site for Technical Safety (TTS) with its various possibilities for mechanical and thermal tests. The results of these tests will have direct influence in the safety assessment of transport cask for the transport of radioactive material. T2 - 2018 WM Symposia CY - Phoenix, AZ, USA DA - 18.03.2018 KW - Type-B Package KW - Accident Conditions of Transport KW - Thermal Test PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45310 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ernst, O. T1 - Local growth and insulation of CIGSe islands for micro concentrator solar cells N2 - Thin film solar cells made of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) suffer from high costs, since the rare elements indium and gallium are used for a multitude of technical applications. The concept of micro-concentrator CIGSe solar cells allows substantial material saving. Therefore a reliable bottom up process for the preparation of the absorber islands is required. In addition, this also results in an increase of solar cell efficiency. We show that the indium islands can be grown at predefined locations by novel methods of surface treatment before indium deposition. By this, regular island patterns with a well-defined morphology have been obtained. The controlled deposition of copper, followed by selenization in a PVD system, and selective etching of copper selenides yields polycrystalline CIGSe micro islands with promising material properties. For the samples, we proof ways to place a non-conducting layer in between CIGSe islands to insulate the front and back contact. This layer is obtained by spin-coating and curing a novolak based resist. At first, the photovoltaic active absorber islands is completely covered by the resin. The top of the islands can be stripped by plasma etching for front contacting. A characterization of the obtained devices provided evidence for their functionality. T2 - European Materials Research Society (EMRS) Spring Meeting 2018, Symposium A “Thin film chalcogenide photovoltaic materials” CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 18.06.2018 KW - Cu(In,Ga)Se2 KW - Micro solar cell KW - Light concentration KW - Laser patterning PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45380 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuschke, Christian T1 - international and German standards and guidelines for the design of trunnions of transport packages for radioactive materials N2 - Trunnion systems of packages for the transport of radioactive materials have to guarantee the safe handling of package during crane operations (lifting, tilting) and to secure package tie down to the transport vehicle, if the trunnions are used as attachment points during transport. The design of trunnions is based on IAEA Regulations SSR-6, the supporting Advisory Material SSG-26 and further appropriate technical standards and/or guidelines. For package approval procedures in Germany the guideline BAM GGR 012 has to be applied. If a package is handled inside a german nuclear power plant, the standard KTA 3905 has to be fulfilled additionally. In this paper the requirements of KTA 3905 concerning the trunnion systems as load attaching points (LAP) are discussed in connection with the recommendations in the guideline BAM-GGR 012 . This guideline is prepared at BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing for analysis and assessment of bolted lid and trunnion systems of Type B(U) transport packages. The quality assurance questions concerning trunnion systems are discussed as well. T2 - 11th International Conference on the Transport, Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Materials CY - London, UK DA - 15.05.2018 KW - Trunnion KW - Transport packages for radioactive materials PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-45009 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herold, Christian A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Orellana Pérez, Teresa T1 - Verbundvorhaben KoBrA - Arbeitspaket 1 (a) N2 - Im Vorhaben "KoBrA" sollen aus bestehenden Anforderungen für endlagerfähige Behälter und aus internationalen Erfahrungen ein aktueller Stand auf dem Gebiet der Behälterforschung für HLW/SF-Behälter ermittelt und generische Vorschläge für HLW/BE-Endlagerbehälterkonzepte in den drei potentiellen Wirtsgesteinen (Kristallin, Ton oder Salz) erarbeitet werden. N2 - Within Project "KoBrA" we want to establish the international state of the art in final disposal containers for HLW/SF, and, based on boundary conditions and national legislation, to propose generic final disposal canister concepts for all three potential host rocks (crystalline rock, clay and salt) for the German high-level waste. T2 - Fachinformationsgespräch zum FuE-Vorhaben "KoBrA" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.05.2018 KW - Endlagerbehälter KW - Hochaktive wärmeentwickelnde Abfälle KW - Internationale Recherche KW - Arbeitsflussdiagramm PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45459 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -