TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg W. T1 - Examples for controlling safety in hydrogen systems N2 - First, BAM and its hydrogen competence centre H2Safety@BAM were briefly introduced. This was followed by three examples of BAM's approaches to meeting the challenges of the hydrogen ramp-up. Afterwards, four examples were presented that show how safety can be better managed in factories. In the final part, the approaches and successes to date in bilateral cooperation within the framework of the BMBF bridge project ‘H2 Safety Collaboration’ were presented and the possibilities for establishing contact and further cooperation were highlighted. T2 - The 2nd 2nd Jeonnam Province Clean Hydrogen International Forum CY - Suncheon, South Korea DA - 24.09.2025 KW - Safety KW - International Kooperation KW - Market ramp-up KW - Compatibility KW - Reference Gases KW - Fuelling Station KW - Digital Tools PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64197 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM – Safeguarding the Quality Infrastructure in the Hydrogen Economy N2 - Hydrogen is a central component of the energy transition and the European Green Deal for a climate-neutral Europe. To achieve the goals defined for 2050, the EU and the German government have developed a framework for action and are making long-term investments in research, development, and the rapid implementation of innovative hydrogen technologies. With the Competence Centre "H2Safety@BAM", BAM is creating the safety-related prerequisites for the successful implementation of hydrogen technologies at national as well as European level. To this end, BAM conducts research, testing and consulting in a holistic and inter-disciplinary manner under one roof – in the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM. The activities of the competence centre focus on ensuring the safety of infra-structures, plants, and processes as well as innovative hydrogen transport and storage systems based on digital quality testing and the experimental testing of components and systems. It thus creates the prerequisites for the implementation and adaptation of legal framework conditions as well as for standardization. Closely related to this are investigations into the properties and compatibility of metallic materials and polymers as well as friction systems for the safe operation of components, plants, processes, and systems. This interdisciplinary and holistic approach is complemented by the development of gas analytics and suitable sensors, online measurements of gas properties in process control, test scenarios under real conditions as well as impact assessments of accidents and risk assessments and risk management systems derived from them. With its portfolio of tasks and competences, BAM builds trust in the safety and reliability of technical system solutions for hydrogen. T2 - 772. WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Metrology and Process Safety for Hydrogen Technologies & Applications CY - Bad Honnef, Germany DA - 10.10.2022 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - Hydrogen KW - Competence Center KW - Hydrogen Strategy KW - Green Deal KW - Safety KW - Risk Assessment KW - Quality Infrastructure PY - 2022 UR - https://www.we-heraeus-stiftung.de/veranstaltungen/metrology-and-process-safety-for-hydrogen-technologies-and-applications/ AN - OPUS4-55986 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hajhariri, Aliasghar A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Camplese, Davide A1 - Scarponi, Giordano Emrys A1 - Cozzani, Valerio A1 - Seidlitz, Holger T1 - Cryogenic storage safety: Experimental evaluation of insulation under extreme conditions N2 - Hydrogen is recognized as a keystone of the global energy transition, offering a clean, high-energy-density energy carrier ideal for storage and transportation. Among various storage options, liquid hydrogen (LH2) is especially advantageous for both mobile and stationary applications. However, ensuring the safety and performance of LH2 storage systems under extreme thermal conditions, such as fire exposure, remains an engineering challenge. This study introduces an experimental framework, called the Cryogenic High-Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (CHTTVC), designed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic response of vacuum-insulated cryogenic tanks under fire-like conditions. The apparatus enables evaluation of insulation performance, such as perlite and multilayer insulation (MLI), with a focus on thermal degradation, heat ingress, and vacuum stability. Results indicate that combustible MLIs undergo substantial thermal degradation, leading to heat ingress rates of up to 6.5 kW and the formation of hazardous combustion by-products. In contrast, non-combustible MLIs and bulk insulation materials restrict heat ingress to approximately 3 kW while more effectively preserving vacuum integrity. Combustible MLIs also exhibit pronounced pressure increases in the evacuated section, reaching ∼6 × 104 Pa, nearly six times higher than those observed for non-combustible counterparts. Analysis of effective emissivity further reveals an enhancement in radiative heat transfer, approximately five times, for combustible MLIs following degradation. Additionally, marked thermal stratification develops under both nominal and extreme heat loads, with temperature gradients approaching 10 °C per 100 mm during sustained thermal exposure. KW - Multi-Layer Insulation KW - Cryogenic Storage KW - Safety PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655380 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105961 SN - 0950-4230 VL - 101 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-65538 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Linking Key Features of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells to Thermal Runaway Effects and Propagation Behavior N2 - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential for the electrification of vehicles and play an important role for stationary storage units needed for grid-balancing. Research groups all over the world work on the improvement of LIBs regarding an increase in energy density as well as cycle-life and a decrease in costs. Next to these research topics, a continuously uprising and crucial field is safety features of LIBs, which can be implemented at different levels, such as material, cell, battery and system level. The abuse/misuse of a LIB can cause an internal release of heat which can trigger a chain of exothermic reactions on cell level. Hence, the cell temperature increases dramatically, causing the so-called thermal runaway (TR), possibly leading to flames and/or explosion of the cell. Moreover, the TR of one cell can initiate the TR of adjacent cells leading to a so-called propagation, possibly, causing the TR of the whole battery. Ideally, easily obtainable key features of a certain cell – such as cathode type, cell format, cell energy and state of charge (SOC) - could allow the prediction of its behaviour under abuse conditions. In the present study, we will discuss the latest result of our safety tests on cell level employing an external heater as TR-trigger. Single cell tests will be analysed regarding different hazardous features during the TR, e.g., cell temperature, occurrence of flames, peak pressure, gas amount and gas composition. Moreover, the possibility of a TR-propagation and the respective propagation speed will be gained from propagation tests utilizing six cells with identical SOC. In total, the study comprises over 200 tests on cell level. The gained data set is analysed in respect to the cell parameters, such as cell format, cell energy, SOC and the cathode type as well as the atmosphere (air vs. N2) present during the test. A special focus is put on the discussion of general conclusions linking cell parameters to TR-effects and propagation behaviour. The findings regarding common conclusions between key features and TR-effects can enable a rather facile selection process of cells/batteries for certain applications according to specific safety targets. Moreover, it allows to choose cell-specific safety measures, suitable during operation. In further works, the study will be extended to end-of-first life cells yielding important conclusions regarding crucial safety aspects for the implementation of those cells in 2nd-life application. Generally, the presented results can increase the overall understanding of the TR mechanism supporting the design of advanced measures to enhance the safety on cell level in the future. T2 - 224th ECS Meeting CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 08.10.2023 KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Propagation KW - Safety PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59268 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scharpmann, Philippa T1 - In-situ Quantification of the Ageing Dynamics in Lithium-Ion Cells up to Failure-Near Conditions N2 - Implementing end-of-life (EOL) lithium-ion batteries from automotive applications in stationary energy storages is of utmost relevance for a sustainable handling of scarce resources. Beneficial from an economic and ecological perspective, such second-life applications urgently require a guarantee for safe operation. Unlike the state of health (SOH), defined by classical performance indicators such as capacity and voltage, the state of safety (SOS) of an aged battery cannot be assessed straightforward. Its determination requires a plethora of cells to be tested which is a particular challenge for new technologies with limited access to EOL batteries. For providing cells with a defined SOH at a reasonable timescale, we herein propose a novel method of greatly accelerating the ageing process of lithium-ion batteries. In a preliminary test series, lithium-ion NMC pouch cells are exposed to incrementally increasing temperatures, current rates and/or states of charge (SOC), until thermal runaway is induced. In this manner, the critical state in proximity to cell failure is spotted for individual and combined stress parameters. Based on this knowledge, cell-specific test parameters for heavily accelerated ageing are developed. In this protocol, electrical abuse conditions are defined by over/under charging and high current rates. Typically, the cells are cycled utilizing a depth of discharge above 100 %. The accelerated aging dynamics under these critical conditions are monitored by systematic capacity, open circuit voltage and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. This enables a comparative assessment of the electrical behaviour, following conventional vs. heavily accelerated ageing. Such knowledge will in turn help to define the threshold to which cyclic ageing can be accelerated without changing the characteristic degradation mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries. T2 - 244th ECS Meeting CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 08.10.2023 KW - Lithium-Ion Battery KW - Safety KW - Ageing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-61490 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Investigating thermal runaway effects and propagation behaviour of various types of commercial lithium-ion cells N2 - Lithium-ion battery (LIB) powered devices, such as laptops, mobile phones and power tools are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Moreover, LIBs are essential for the electrification of vehicles, and play an important role for stationary storage units needed for grid-balancing. The improvement of LIBs, in terms of increasing energy density as well as cycle-life and decreasing costs, is tackled by numerous research groups all over the world. In the last years, research regarding safety aspects has steadily gained more interest. The safety of LIBs can be implemented at different levels, such as material, cell, battery and system level. The abuse/misuse of an LIB can lead to an internal increase in heat which can trigger a chain of exothermic reactions on cell level. Thus, the cell temperature increases dramatically causing the so-called thermal runaway (TR). This process can lead to flames and/or explosion of the cell. Furthermore, the TR of one cell can initiate the TR of adjacent cells causing the so-called propagation, possibly, leading to the TR of the whole battery. Herein, we will show the latest result of our safety tests on cell level employing an external heater as TR-trigger. Regarding single cell tests, we will compare different hazardous features during the TR, e.g., cell temperature, occurrence of flames, peak pressure, and toxic gases, depending on the cell format, cell energy and the cathode type. The same cell parameters will be used to discuss the results of the propagation tests. Moreover, the influence of the state of charge (SOC) and the present atmosphere (air vs. N2) as well as the repeatability will be discussed. Overall, the study comprises over 180 tests on cell level. The findings regarding the TR behaviour can be used to create a hazard-classification scheme of LIBs, e.g., allowing the definition of (cell type specific) conditions for a safe transport. Furthermore, the results can increase the general understanding of the TR mechanism promoting the development of advanced measures to enhance the safety on cell level in the future. T2 - Advanced Battery Power 2023 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 27.04.2023 KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - Safety PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59267 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scharpmann, Philippa T1 - Segregating the Degradation Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Cells during Strongly Accelerated Ageing with Critically Extended Voltage Ranges N2 - Repurposing end-of-life (EOL) lithium-ion batteries from mobile applications, such as electric vehicles, is of utmost importance for a sustainable handling of scarce resources. For an economically and ecologically desirable reuse of aged batteries in second-life applications, a guarantee for safe and reliable operation is urgently required. However, the assessment of the state of safety (SOS) is not straightforward, as multiple abuse cases, variables and interactions need to be considered [1]. Therefore, defining safety parameters and test procedures, as well as determining the SOS requires a plethora of aged cells to be tested. In this study, a novel method of greatly accelerating the ageing process of lithium-ion batteries is proposed. Overcharging and overdischarging are embedded in cyclic ageing, continuously employing a depth of discharge larger than 100 %. Different electrical abuse conditions (overcharge, overdischarge, high current rates) are applied on lithium-ion NMC and LFP pouch cells in a preliminary test series. In this manner, the cells are stressed until a cell failure or a thermal runaway is induced. Thus, the critical state in proximity to a cell failure is spotted for individual and combined stress parameters. Based on this knowledge, a test protocol for strongly accelerated ageing with cell-specific, abusive electrical parameters is developed. The aging dynamics under these critical conditions are monitored by systematic capacity, open circuit voltage and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. This enables an assessment of the degradation mechanisms induced by overdischarge and overcharge cycling. A special focus is set on the comparative assessment of the electrical behaviour, following conventional vs. greatly accelerated ageing. This novel method is suitable for providing cells with a defined SOH at a reasonable timescale. Furthermore, the results are of high relevance for the evaluation to which degree cyclic ageing can be accelerated without changing the characteristic degradation mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries. T2 - Advanced Battery Power Conference 2024 CY - Münster, Germany DA - 10.04.2024 KW - Lithium-Ion Battery KW - Safety KW - Ageing PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61492 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Single Cell Exchange in Battery Packs – Sustainability vs. Safety Aspects N2 - Lithium-ion batteries usually consist of numerous individual cells. There is ongoing discussion about enhancing sustainability by considering the replacement of heavily aged or damaged cells. Nevertheless, the planned replacement of individual cells poses significant challenges in ensuring the required reliability and safety of the refurbished device. T2 - KLIB Gesprächsrunde Batteriesysteme CY - Online meeting DA - 16.05.2023 KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - Lithium Ion Cells KW - Cell Exchange KW - Safety KW - Sustainability PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59272 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick T1 - Batteries: Basics, Challenges and Trends N2 - In this lecture the fundamental principles of batteries are briefly introduced aligned by the historical development of the technology. The introduction is continued with an overview on current challenges regarding performance, durability, sustainability, cost and safety. Lastly, research trend on approaches to tackle the challenges are discussed by selected examples. T2 - 2025 Scientific and Technological Training Course "Design and Evaluation Methods of Fire Safety Engineered Materials" CY - Hefei, China DA - 20.10.2025 KW - Fundamentals of Batteries KW - Safety KW - Active Materials KW - Research Topics PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64917 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Research at BAM on Metal Seal Performance and Fuel Rod Integrity N2 - The presentation provides an update on preliminary results from research projects in the area of long term performance of metal seals and fuel rod integrity as safety relevant components of spent fuel transport and storage casks for spent nuclear fuel. T2 - Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP) Winter Meeting 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 09.11.2020 KW - Metal seal KW - Safety KW - Interim storage KW - Spent nuclear fuel KW - Fuel rod PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jankuj, V. A1 - Spitzer, Stefan A1 - Krietsch, Arne A1 - Bernatik, A. T1 - Safety of Alternative Energy Sources: a Review N2 - The article summarizes a short review of the literature focused on safety in the field of alternative energy sources. With an increasing orientation towards sustainable and renewable energy sources, new technologies will come to the fore. These facts must be demonstrated in occupational health and safety. Several studies focused on alternative energy sources are mentioned and show the trends for the future. Especially in the area of hydrogen and battery technologies, systems should pay attention to acquisitions as a normal part of our lives. Safety research is essential for the acceptance of cleaner, efficient, and sustainable future. T2 - Loss Prevention CY - Prag, Czechia DA - 06.06.2022 KW - Safety KW - Alternative Energy Sources PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET2290020 SN - 2283-9216 VL - 90 SP - 115 EP - 120 PB - AIDIC CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-55030 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Systems With Cryogenic Liquefied Gases In Fire-Incidents N2 - The volumetric energy density of a gas can be increased by liquefaction, which occurs when the gas is cooled below the saturation point. Liquefied gases of great importance to the energy transition are Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), which can be liquefied at temperatures below 160°C. Systems for storing these gases typically must be overpressure resistant and require thermal super insulations (TSI) to hold cryogenic conditions and minimize boil-off losses from evaporation. TSI with vacuum and MLI or perlites are suitable for many applications involving LNG and LH2. Such systems are typically double-walled structures where the inner wall is in contact with the cryogenic liquefied gas. MLI or perlites are located in the gap between the inner and the outer wall, that is kept under vacuum conditions. This combination of insulations strongly reduces the heat transfer between the environment and the cryogenic liquefied gas. From an economic point of view the systems are well sophisticated. However, knowledge of the behavior of this kind of systems in a typical event such as a fire is limited, but necessary to evaluate the safety of the increasing number of applications. The objective of the research is to determine how TSI behaves at different fire temperatures during fire exposure and afterwards. Special attention is paid to changes in the heat flux, the material properties and vacuum state over time. For this purpose, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies have been carried out. In addition, a test rig was developed that allows testing of TSI at temperatures up to 1000°C under realistic integration conditions and subsequent analysis of the TSI samples. In the test rig the double-wall with vacuum and MLI or perlites inside is simulated. The fire conditions are simulated on one side of the double-wall by adjustable electrical heating elements. This process allows the implementation of repeatable heat flows of up to 100 kW/m². On the other side of the double-wall, cold or cryogenic conditions are simulated with a heat exchanger through which water or the vapor of liquid nitrogen (approx. -196°C) flows. The heat exchanger is also used to determine the heat flux through the double-wall. Thus, the test rig allows thermal loading and performance analysis of TSI samples at the same time. Compared to tests with real cryogenic systems, tests with this experimental setup have the advantage that, first, the instrumentation is easier to realize, and a higher repeatability is ensured. Second, the local heat flow can be determined over time, and the sample of a TSI can be taken non-destructively and thus analyzed. Third, the tests are less risky as well as time+ and material intensive, so that more tests and variants can be investigated with the same budget. Preliminary results obtained considering several types of MLI under vacuum show that all observed typs of MLI can be damaged under strong thermal loading. The damages observed were outgassing, melting, shrinkage, cracking, lump formation, and concomitant local loss of the MLI's function as a radiation shield. However, the study also shows that a damage does not always have an extreme effect on the insulating performance. T2 - IMECE2022 CY - Columbus, Ohio, USA DA - 30.10.2022 KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Safety KW - Insulation KW - Tank PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56445 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Safety and security challenges in the transformation of the future energy supply N2 - For a sustainable decarbonization of the energy supply in Germany and Europe, a long-established supply system must be gradually transformed without fundamentally jeopardizing the energy supply. This transformation faces numerous challenges in the areas of safety and security including natural hazards. A safe, reliable, decarbonized energy supply requires diversification and a combination of different climate-friendly energy carriers and storage systems that are tailored to the specific requirements of industry, households and transportation. However, each energy carrier must be specifically assessed in terms of safety regarding its production, storage, transport and use. Relevant safety aspects arise from the scale at which energy carriers such as hydrogen and ammonia, but also electrical energy storage systems, must be handled. Suitable transport and storage infrastructure must be established for each energy carrier and storage facility, leading to extreme safety, technological and regulatory challenges. Central energy supplies are categorized as critical infrastructure. In the context of geopolitical conflicts, they are increasingly becoming the focus of digital or analog attacks by third parties, particularly with the aim of unsettling the respective population. The digitalization and automation of energy systems increases their vulnerability to such attacks. Geopolitical conflicts also lead to problems with the availability of raw materials and energy carriers. Also in this context, greater focus must be placed on diversification and resilience concepts. For the energy transition to succeed, traditional safety and security concepts must be interdisciplinary integrated with new aspects of resilience and crisis prevention. These concepts must be continuously developed to avoid outdated and expensive solutions. At the same time, it is reasonable to assume that the nature of threats will change more rapidly than in the past. The presentation will highlight key challenges associated with the widespread introduction of various energy carriers and storage technologies. It covers a wide range of topics, from safety-related and material-related issues to infrastructural and digital requirements as well as to aspects of security. T2 - PEMT 2025 - Annual Meeting of Process Engineering and Materials Technology CY - Frankfurt, Germany DA - 10.11.2025 KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Challenges PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Safety Aspects for Hydrogen Technologies - H2Safety@BAM N2 - Hydrogen is a central component of the energy transition and the European Green Deal for a climate-neutral Europe. To be able to achieve the targets defined by 2045, the EU and the German government have drafted a framework for action and are making long-term investments in research, development and the rapid implementation of innovative hydrogen technologies. The conditions for a successful energy transition and the economic use of green hydrogen as a clean energy carrier are Hydrogen readiness and a rapid market ramp-up, as well as the establishment of the necessary value chains in the national and European framework. Reliable quality and safety standards are the prerequisite for ensuring safety of supply and environmental compatibility and for creating trust in these technologies. BAM has bundled its expertise in the field of hydrogen technologies into a competence center H2Safety@BAM to create confidence in the technology and to support the hydrogen strategies of the German government and the EU. The topic of hydrogen has been current at BAM for more than one hundred years and is also currently the focus of numerous research and cooperation activities. The competence centre H2Safety@BAM and its vision of “We build trust in hydrogen technologies” will be presented with its many safety-related topics, which can be found throughout the entire hydrogen value chain. Two deep dives will present the results on projects dealing with the design-to-cost issue of classical pressurized gas storage containments and the consequences of the release of liquid hydrogen, which will be roughly compared to the release of ammonia. T2 - 25. Kalorimetrietage CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 31.05.2023 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - Safety KW - Hydrogen KW - Gas cylinders KW - DELFIN KW - LH2 KW - Hydrogen release KW - Rapid phase transition KW - Consequences KW - Cyro storage tanks PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kehr, Torsten T1 - Project QI-Digital - Quo vadis Use Case H2 Refueling Station? N2 - As a part of the QI-Digital cooperation project, BAM is setting up a hydrogen refuelling station research platform at the Test site for Technical Safety in Horstwalde. Based on this platform, BAM intends to develop, to test and to optimize new measurement techniques as well as data acquisition and processing methods for hydrogen refuelling stations and their periphery in close cooperation with partners from the quality infrastructure and industry. The presentation will introduce the hydrogen refuelling station use case and provide insights into the issues and research goals of the associated subprojects. T2 - H2-Colloquium of the Competence Centre „H2SAFETY@BAM” CY - Online meeting DA - 16.02.2022 KW - Hydrogen KW - Safety KW - QI-Digital PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54361 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM N2 - Deutschland hat mit verschiedenen Ländern Energiepartnerschaften geschlossen, darunter auch mit Japan. Im Rahmen des 3. Treffens der Wasserstoff-Arbeitsgruppe wurde das strategische Vorgehen beider Länder zu Entwicklungen von Wasserstoffrichtlinien, Zertifizierung und Sicherheit vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die BAM hat in einem Vortrag wichtige Themen aus dem Bereich der Sicherheitsforschung sowie zu sicherheitstechnischen Fragestellungen über die Wertschöpfungskette vorgestellt. Außerdem wurde das Arbeitsprogramm und ausgewählte Projekte des Kompetenzzentrums H2Safety@BAM vorgestellt. N2 - Germany has concluded energy partnerships with various countries, including Japan. During the 3rd meeting of the Hydrogen Working Group, the strategic approach of both countries on developments of hydrogen guidelines, certification and safety was presented and discussed. BAM gave a presentation on important topics in the field of safety research and on safety-related issues along the value chain. Furthermore, the work program and selected projects of the competence center H2Safety@BAM were presented. T2 - 3rd Meeting of the Hydrogen Working Group - Japanese-German Energy Partnership CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.02.2023 KW - Hydrogen KW - Japanese-German energy partnership KW - Safety KW - H2Safety@BAM PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57126 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Hydrogen - Safety of Energy Carriers N2 - Eine sichere Versorgung mit Energie stellt für moderne Industriegesellschaften eine elementare Grundvoraussetzung dar. Inwieweit in Deutschland die Energiewende im Sinne von zum Beispiel Energiepolitik, Förderung aber auch gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung gestaltet wird, wurde im Rahmen der 12. Wildauer Wissenschaftswoche diskutiert. Die BAM hat einen Beitrag zum Thema Sicherheit von Energieträgern beigetragen und das Kompetenzzentrum H2Safety@BAM vorgestellt. N2 - A safe supply of energy is a fundamental prerequisite for modern industrial societies. The extent to which the energy turnaround is being shaped in Germany in terms of, for example, energy policy, promotion, but also social development was discussed during the 12th Wildau Science Week. BAM contributed to the topic of safety of energy sources and presented the competence center H2Safety@BAM. T2 - 12. Wildauer Wissenschaftswoche CY - Wildau, Germany DA - 27.02.2023 KW - Hydrogen KW - Safety KW - H2Safety@BAM PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57125 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg W. T1 - Risk management and consequence control in hydrogen transport - volume dependent pressure limitation as a scientific approach for consequence control N2 - With technological development, the transport units for compressed gases are becoming larger and their number is increasing. Simultaneously, the filling pressure for hydrogen in transport has increased far beyond the 200 bar, which has been the common European standard for decades. In total, this increases the potential consequences of an incident, which needs to get limited for ensuring acceptance in current practice with pressure vessels from large serial production. Consequently, the measures for new developments of extremely large and highly pressurised pressure vessels should meet a risk based higher level of requirements. For this purpose, the so-called pressure-volume product was proposed as a safety related criteria to the relevant regulatory bodies in 2020. The approach was accepted, and a working group was set up at the United Nations for developing a broadly accepted limitation of today's established pressure vessels compared to future units with even more gas content. The path to the finally decided limit value of 1.5 million bar litres is presented here for hydrogen with its individual steps: ‘Boundary between major accident and disaster’, ‘The effect of pressure waves on the human body’, ‘The propagation of pressure waves’, ‘The reference value for population density’ and ‘Impact of pressure waves’. This result of the UN working group has been accepted in December 2023 and will lead to a binding limitation of the pressure volume product for the so called pressure receptacles by 2027. The work on units larger than this pV-limit is going on at ISO level. T2 - 11th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety ICHS 2025 CY - Seoul, South Korea DA - 22.09.2025 KW - Safety KW - Hydrogen transport KW - Major accident KW - Pressure wave KW - Population density KW - Science with impact PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64198 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Trust in Hydrogen Technologies - Safety Issues in the Hydrogen Value Chain N2 - In June 2020, updated in July 2023, the German government presented the National Hydrogen Strategy (NHS), its first strategy for achieving the goals of its hydrogen policy. The NHS sets out a coherent framework for action for the future production, transportation and use of hydrogen and its derivatives, including the corresponding research, innovations and investments. Various measures have been defined to achieve goals such as the decarbonization of various sectors and the market introduction of hydrogen technologies. This will ultimately lead to the introduction of many “new” technologies in many areas of our daily lives, which will only be successful if decision-makers and the public are convinced that these technologies are safe. Therefore, the safety of hydrogen technologies is an important pillar in gaining and maintaining confidence in these new technologies. Safety must keep pace with, or better still, anticipate trends in technological development in order to avoid overly conservative and expensive safety solutions, and at the same time demonstrate the usability and safety of hydrogen. Otherwise, single incidents – not necessarily explosions – can easily lead to uncertainties and therefore to a decrease in trust and acceptance. The presentation will give an overview of how safety issues are addressed in Germany. T2 - Department Seminar - Public Lecture CY - Windhoek, Namibia DA - 12.09.2025 KW - Trustworthiness KW - Hydrogen value chain KW - Safety KW - Public lecture PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64438 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Scarponi, Giordano Emrys A1 - Cozzani, Valerio A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Lh2 Tanks In Fire Incidents - The Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber Enables In-Depth Insights N2 - Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) establish themselves as important energy carriers in the transport sector. Their storage requires tanks with thermal super-insulations to keep them at cryogenic conditions for a long time. These insulation systems have proven itself in various applications over a long time. However, these insulations are still new in land transportation, where accidents involving collisions, fires, and their combination are to be expected. This study summarizes the results of the ongoing research program in which insulations commonly used in industry were analysed through experimental and numerical studies under fire-like conditions. It was found that there are strong differences among the various insulation systems. Several safety concerns and research gaps exists for layered insulations, which are typically used in land transport. To further analyse these insulation systems, a new test concept called Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (CHTTVC) was developed and manufactured. This concept enables the testing of large insulation samples under industrial conditions and the consideration of cryogenic conditions relevant for the investigation of various phenomena. The results are important for the evaluation of accident scenarios, the improvement of thermal super-insulations, and the development of emergency measures. T2 - IMECE 2024 CY - Oregon, Portland, USA DA - 17.11.2024 KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Fire KW - Insulation KW - Safety PY - 2024 SN - 978-0-7918-8869-8 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - ASME AN - OPUS4-61751 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -