TY - JOUR A1 - Konert, Florian A1 - Nietzke, Jonathan A1 - Grimault de Freitas, Tomás A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Sobol, Oded A1 - Böllinghaus, Thomas T1 - Investigation of resistance to gaseous hydrogen of a longitudinal weld seam in a X65 pipeline using the hollow specimen technique N2 - The constantly increasing demand for renewable energy sources leads to the necessity of transporting large amounts of hydrogen. Since pipelines enable a cost-effective way for the distribution of gaseous hydrogen, the interaction of hydrogen and the pipeline materials must be carefully investigated as hydrogen can cause a degradation of the mechanical properties under certain conditions. Especially welds, which are assumed to be more susceptible to the degradation enhanced by hydrogen, are of great interest. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gaseous hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an X65 pipeline, and the longitudinal submerged arc welding (SAW) welded joint. The tests are conducted using the hollow specimen technique on two types of specimens: one extracted from the base material (BM) and the other extracted as a cross-weld (CW) specimen consisting of BM and weld seam. The specimens are charged in situ under a pressure of 60 bar and tested using slow strain rate (SSR) tensile tests with a nominal strain rate of 10−5 s−1. The properties obtained of specimens tested in hydrogen atmosphere are compared to the properties of comparable specimen in inert argon atmosphere as a reference. The performed tests showed a decrease of the reduction of area (RA) from 72% in inert atmosphere to 52% in hydrogen atmosphere for the CW specimen and a decrease from 73% in inert atmosphere to 51% for the BM. Metallographic analyses showed the crack initiation between fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) and BM for the specimens tested in hydrogen atmosphere as well as for the reference specimens. This leads to the conclusion that the location of the crack initiation does not change due to the presence of gaseous hydrogen. KW - Hydrogen KW - Hollow specimen technique KW - Pipeline KW - SSRT KW - Hydrogen embrittlement KW - Cross-weld specimen PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-624658 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-025-01953-3 SN - 0043-2288 SN - 1878-6669 VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 861 EP - 870 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-62465 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grimault de Freitas, Tomás T1 - Hollow Specimen Method for Tests in High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas: The Role of Strain-Rate and Surface Quality N2 - The hollow specimen technique is a simple and economical technique that has the potential to make materials qualification with pressurised gaseous hydrogen widely accessible to academia and industry. This contribution focuses on the results obtained from assessing the influence of the specimen production and its response to hydrogen effects. Depending on the production method, different roughness and residual stresses can be expected on the inner hole surface of the specimens. This is relevant because an increase in stress concentration sites, e.g. notches, has been found to be associated with increased severity of hydrogen effects. The presence of strain-induced martensite caused by mechanical stress may also be detrimental and accelerate the embrittlement. To assess this influence, the inner hole of the hollow specimens was manufactured in two different ways: 1) only drilling; 2) EDM followed by honing. A representative steel widely used in hydrogen technologies was assessed, X5CrNi18-10 (AISI 304). Roughness measurements, and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis have been performed previous to mechanical testing to infer on the effect of the different production methods on the surface of the inner hole. Next, the specimens were mechanically tested via slow strain rate tensile tests in argon and in hydrogen, both at 150 bar and room temperature. Here, a strain-rate sensibility analysis was performed to investigate the influence of strain-rate on hydrogen degradation. T2 - International Conference on Hydrogen Safety 2025 CY - Seoul, South Korea DA - 22.09.2025 KW - Tensile Testing KW - Hollow Specimen Technique KW - High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas KW - Hydrogen Embrittlement KW - Surface Condition KW - Strain Rate PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64286 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grimault de Freitas, Tomás T1 - Hollow Specimen Method for Tests in High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas: The TransHyDE - H2HohlZug Project N2 - As the world moves towards a decarbonised economy, the demand for sustainable and low-carbon alternatives is growing rapidly. Hydrogen has an important role to play in this transition, but in order to make the most of hydrogen as an energy carrier, a comprehensive understanding of its impact on the integrity of structural materials is necessary. Metallic materials, mainly steels, are the most commonly used structural materials in various components throughout the hydrogen supply chain. Ensuring their sustainable and safe use in hydrogen technologies is a crucial factor in the development of the hydrogen economy. This is particularly important since hydrogen can promote crack formation and ultimately lead to premature failure in these materials when combined with mechanical load. This process is commonly known as Hydrogen Embrittlement and can occur in almost all the steels used for the hydrogen technologies. Extensive materials qualification is required for the rapid implementation of hydrogen technologies, however, most accepted, and standardised test methods for determining the effect of gaseous hydrogen on metallic materials describe complex and costly procedures that are only available to a very limited extent worldwide. The hollow specimen technique is a simple and economical method that has the potential to overcome the limitations of the current methods and complement them for qualifying metallic materials under high-pressure hydrogen gas. Unlike the conventional autoclave technique, this method requires significantly lower amounts of hydrogen, resulting in fewer safety measures and no need for complex equipment or a specialised laboratory. The technique's low investment and testing costs, simple operation, and shorter testing time make it an optimal for widespread use around the world, thereby increasing the output of results. Initial studies have demonstrated the feasibility of assessing hydrogen effects in metallic materials using the hollow specimen technique. This led to the establishment of an ISO committee to standardise the method. However, there are open questions that currently prevent the technique from being standardised for hydrogen testing. These open questions relate to specimen geometry, inner hole surface and gas quality and are being addressed in the H2HohlZug project, of which the overall aim is to systematically close the gaps towards a standard. This contribution presents the structure and milestones of the project, followed by initial results. T2 - TransHyDE Vollversammlung 2025 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 26.11.2025 KW - Hydrogen KW - Hydrogen Embrittlement KW - Hollow Specimen Technique KW - High-Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen KW - TransHyDE KW - H2HohlZug KW - Standardisation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64938 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Konert, Florian T1 - Evaluation of hydrogen effect on hardened and annealed 100Cr6 steel N2 - The use of hydrogen demands high safety requirements, since hydrogen can be absorbed by metallic materials and may cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE) under certain conditions. Slow strain rate (SSR) tensile testing is a widespread method to quantify the hydrogen-induced ductility loss of alloys. Here, the hollow specimen technique was used to evaluate the effect of 150 bar hydrogen on the tensile properties of solution annealed and hardened 100Cr6 steel, which is a common material for bearing systems. This technique reduces the required amount of hydrogen and minimizes the duration and costs of the tests performed compared to in-situ tensile tests in autoclaves. T2 - EPRI Workshop on Hydrogen Embrittlement 2024 CY - Oxford, UK DA - 23.06.2024 KW - Hydrogen KW - Hydrogen Embrittlement KW - Hollow Specimen Technique KW - 100Cr6 PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60476 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nietzke, Jonathan T1 - Influence of strain rate on the effect of hydrogen in pre-charged 316L stainless steel: A comparison of conventional and hollow specimen testing N2 - The growing demand for hydrogen requires an expansion of testing capabilities to assess the performance of metallic materials under hydrogen exposure. Considering only gaseous atmospheres, there is a variety of in-situ and ex-situ methods used to investigate the material behavior while or after exposed to hydrogen, respectively. Among these methods, a more conservative one is the in-situ testing at slow strain rates (SSRT) using conventional tensile specimens. While results obtained by a conservative procedure may be more applicable in many cases than those of ex-situ experiments, the tests are quite demanding, leading to limited testing capacities and high costs, especially for very slow strain rates. A possible solution that can enable in-situ testing at relatively low cost is the hollow specimen technique which gained increasing interest in the last decade. The main reasons are the minimal volume of hydrogen required and the elimination of a high-pressure hydrogen autoclave leading to significantly lower costs and enabling more laboratories worldwide to perform these tests. However, interpreting results from hollow specimens, especially when compared to conventional ones, remains a significant challenge. To address this, an experimental study was conducted using conventional and hollow specimens, both uncharged and pre-charged. Pre-charging was achieved using pure hydrogen (5.0, i.e. 99.999 %) at 100 bar and 300 °C for around 21 days. In order to obtain suitable reference specimens, other specimens were stored in argon at 100 bar and 300 °C for the same period of time. The tests were performed at various strain rates, down to 1E-6 1/s. While these ex-situ experiments are not directly comparable to in-situ tests with both types of specimens, they do provide some insights into the differences between the results of hollow and conventional specimens. Therefore, the elongation at fracture and reduction of area (RA) were compared, among other aspects. In addition, fractographical analyses were carried out using SEM images. Elongation at fracture was not significantly affected by hydrogen in conventional specimens, but it was slightly reduced in hollow specimens. RA, on the other hand, was lower for tests with hydrogen in both types of specimens across all strain rates. Moreover, the strain rate did not appear to influence hydrogen embrittlement in conventional specimens whereas in hollow specimens, tests conducted at higher strain rates (1E-4 1/s) showed a greater impact of hydrogen on elongation at fracture than those at lower strain rates (1E-6 1/s), which is contrary to the typical expectation. These findings suggest that the influence of hydrogen differs between conventional and hollow specimens, possibly due to factors such as surface roughness and differing stress states. However, further experiments are needed to fully understand these differences, including in-situ experiments to understand potential differences in hydrogen absorption between the two specimen types. T2 - EPRI Workshop on Hydrogen Embrittlement CY - Oxford, England, United Kingdom DA - 23.06.2024 KW - Stainless steel KW - Hollow specimen KW - Pre-charging KW - Hydrogen PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60494 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shikomba, Nikanor A1 - Böllinghaus, Thomas A1 - Konert, Florian A1 - Sobol, Oded A1 - Blasón Gonzalez, Sergio A1 - Ohijeagbon, Idehai Olayemi A1 - Krafft, Eike A1 - Staudt, Thorsten T1 - Resistance of welded low-alloyed pressure vessel and pipeline steels in gaseous hydrogen N2 - Green hydrogen has become an essential energy carrier to achieve a climate-neutral economy. The production, storage, transport and usage of green hydrogen require safe and sustainable facilities and systems. The present contribution provides a procedure guideline to investigate the compatibility of steel welds for pressurised gaseous hydrogen applications under quasi-static mechanical loads, utilising the slow strain rate test and hollow specimen technique. Exemplarily, a weld of the low-alloyed steel P355NL1 was investigated and compared to an X65 weld. The results indicate that the base metal exhibits a higher ductility than the weld metal for both steels. Generally, hydrogen-exposed specimens exhibited a reduced strain, as compared to reference specimens. The hydrogen degradation, evaluated by the hydrogen embrittlement index, was more pronounced in the weld metal compared to the base P355NL1 material, whereas the X65 exhibited a larger hydrogen degradation of the base material than in the weld metal. Fractographic analysis of the test specimens revealed that hydrogen causes a transition from ductile to brittle features. Generally, the results of this study indicate a mild but significant degradation of the mechanical properties in terms of the ductility of the welds in the respective pressurised hydrogen atmosphere. KW - Hydrogen-assisted cracking KW - Welded joint KW - Slow strain rate test KW - Hollow Specimen KW - Structural steel PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634138 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-025-02074-7 SN - 0043-2288 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-63413 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kromm, Arne T1 - Werkstoffsichere Dickblechschweißung und KI N2 - Der Vortrag zeigt, welche Herausforderungen beim Schweißen sogenannter Dickblechverbindungen bestehen und welche Strategien zur Lösung genutzt werden können. Ansätze zur Fehlerprävention werden vorgestellt. Es wird dargestellt, wie KI-basierte Methoden die Fehlererkennung erleichtern. Letztlich werden Potentiale zur effizienten Fehlerbeseitigung aufgezeigt und der Anwendernutzen herausgestellt. T2 - Mitgliederversammlung der Forschungsvereinigung Stahlanwendung e. V. CY - Essen, Germany DA - 17.12.2025 KW - UP-Schweißen KW - Eigenspannungen KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Reparatur PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65210 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk T1 - Residual stress evaluation using the contour method of an additive manufactured high-strength steel solid cuboid N2 - Direct Energy Deposition with Arc (DED-Arc) enables the weight-optimized and near-net-shape manufacturing of complex structures. Lightweight construction principles allow a reduction of CO2 emissions by saving time, costs, and resources. Further optimisations can be achieved by using high-strength steel. This allows for a reduction in wall thickness and optimisation of weight. However, manufacturing intricate geometries using high-strength steels poses challenges in managing residual stresses (RS), which are essential for ensuring the structural integrity of welded components. High residual stresses can increase the risk of cold cracking, arising from the complex interactions between material properties, process conditions, and component design. Despite the availability of suitable filler metals, the lack of comprehensive knowledge and guidelines on residual stress formation limits the industrial application. Therefore, in the present study, the contour method (CM) was used to analyse the full field longitudinal residual stresses in an solid cuboid component (dimensions: 120 × 50 × 35 mm³) manufactured by DED-Arc. The CM enables the analysis of the two-dimensional map of residual stresses normal to a cutting plane using a finite element model. For this purpose, a solid cuboid component was welded fully automatically with a high-strength solid wire specially adapted for DED-Arc (yield strength > 790 MPa) onto conventionally manufactured substrates made of S690QL. The residual stresses from CM in the volume are compared with residual stress analyses using X-Ray diffraction on the surface. Additionally, comparative data from previous studies on hollow cuboid structures was included in order to identify similarities and differences in the resulting stress state, and to complement and validate the CM results. These results demonstrate the significant influence of the geometry on the residual stress profiles within the solid cuboid in relation to the open hollow. T2 - 4th International Conference on Advanced Joining Processes 2026 CY - Coimbra, Portugal DA - 16.10.2025 KW - Residual stress KW - Contour method KW - DED-Arc/M KW - High-strength steel KW - Filler metals KW - Neutron diffraction PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65209 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Fabry, Cagtay A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Artinov, Antoni A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Automated Arc Welding and Sensor Based Quality Assessment for Enhancing Fatigue Strength and Structural Reliability of Offshore Wind Turbine Supports N2 - Offshore wind energy plays a crucial role in achieving a carbon dioxide free industrial sector in the coming decades. However, foundation systems for offshore wind turbines significantly impact the overall installation process, posing technical and regulatory challenges. Adopting lightweight design principles in steel construction such as dissolved load bearing structures in jacket foundations offers substantial potential for reducing resource consumption, particularly steel usage. This presentation explores the complete digitalization of welding manufacturing and testing processes, enabling fully automated production and data driven quality assessment of tubular nodes, which are vital components of jacket foundations. The study also investigates the relationship between seam geometry and fatigue strength inspired by bionic design principles. The results demonstrate that tubular nodes can be welded entirely automatically, accommodating geometric tolerances, and that seam geometries ca n be precisely manufactured according to suggestions from e.g. numerical models or other sources . These advancements significantly enhance the fatigue strength and service life of offshore wind turbine support structures. T2 - IIW Annual Assembly 2025 CY - Genova, Italy DA - 23.06.2025 KW - Automated gas metal arc welding KW - Quality assessment and control KW - Support structures KW - Fatigue PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65232 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graebner, Maraike A1 - Giese, Marcel A1 - Lorenz, Svenja A1 - Treutler, Kai A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk A1 - Wesling, Volker A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Wear resistance of modified NiMoCrSi claddings in relation to the resulting surface machinability via ultrasonic-assisted milling N2 - In the field of plastics processing, extruder screws are subjected to significant wear stresses. The extruder screw is the main wear component in those production machines and is usually coated with intermetallic wear protection alloys composed of Ni-based alloys, specifically Colmonoy C56 PTA (NiMoCrSi). There is a growing demand for providing an economic machinability of these alloys to achieve defined contours with a sufficient surface integrity. Recent investigations exhibit promising results applying ultrasonic milling for such hard-to-cut materials. The Colmonoy C56 is modified by various alloying additions Ti, Nb, Mo, Hf, and Al, and then cladded on a steel S355 via Plasma Transferred Arc process. The effect of alloying additions on the microstructure is analyzed regarding their resistance to abrasive and adhesive wear. With Miller test ASTM G75 the influence of alloying elements on resistance to abrasive wear for two abrasive materials is investigated (high-grade corundum F220 and quartz powder). The wear loss is not increased for additions of Nb and Ti compared to the base material C56. Modifications with Hf or Al reduces the resistance to abrasive wear and significantly increases material loss. The extruder screw is also subject to adhesive wear, which can be quantified by means of the pin-roll test. It is demonstrated that the addition of Hf, for example, contributes to a reduction in wear loss. Aim of the investigations is to find suitable modifications for the wear claddings of C56 for a sufficient machineability, without compemising the wear resistant. The machinability is considerably affected by the alloy additions, and is determined using ultrasonic-assisted milling. The addition of hafnium reduces machinability, i.e. significantly increases cutting forces. The incorporation of Nb exhibits a significant reduction of cutting forces, and results in reduced tool wear and an enhanced of surface integrity (roughness, density of defects, residual stresses). KW - Colmonoy C56 KW - PTA welding KW - Adhesive wear KW - Abrasive wear KW - Ultrasonic-assisted milling process KW - Surface integrity KW - Service life and efficiency KW - Substitution of critical raw materials PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-651530 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2025.205830 SN - 0043-1648 VL - 571 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-65153 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Röhsler, Andreas A1 - Sobol, Oded A1 - Hänninen, H. A1 - Böllinghaus, Thomas T1 - In-situ ToF-SIMS analyses of deuterium re-distribution in austenitic steel AISI 304L under mechanical load N2 - Hydrocarbons fuel our economy. Furthermore, intermediate goods and consumer products are often hydrocarbon-based. Beside all the progress they made possible, hydrogen-containing substances can have severe detrimental effects on materials exposed to them. Hydrogen-assisted failure of iron alloys has been recognised more than a century ago. The present study aims to providing further insight into the degradation of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L (EN 1.4307) exposed to hydrogen. To this end, samples were electrochemically charged with the hydrogen isotope deuterium (2H, D) and analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). It was found that deuterium caused a phase transformation from the original γ austenite into ε- and α’-martensite. Despite their low solubility for hydrogen, viz. deuterium, the newly formed phases showed high deuterium concentration which was attributed to the increased density of traps. Information about the behaviour of deuterium in the material subjected to external mechanical load was gathered. A four-point-bending device was developed for this purpose. This allowed to analyse in-situ pre-charged samples in the ToF-SIMS during the application of external mechanical load. The results indicate a movement of deuterium towards the regions of highest stress. KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Hydrogen KW - Deuterium KW - AISI 304L KW - EBSD PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-505142 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60370-2 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 3611 PB - Nature AN - OPUS4-50514 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konert, Florian A1 - Campari, Alessandro A1 - Nietzke, Jonathan A1 - Sobol, Oded A1 - Paltrinieri, Nicola A1 - Alvaro, Antonio T1 - Evaluation of the tensile properties of X65 pipeline steel in compressed gaseous hydrogen using hollow specimens N2 - Hydrogen has great potential on the path towards decarbonization of the energy and transport sectors and can mitigate the urgent issue of global warming. It can be sustainably produced through water electrolysis with potentially zero emissions, and efficiently used (e.g., in fuel cell systems). Despite its environmental advantages, hydrogen-metal interactions could result in the degradation of the mechanical properties of several structural materials. In order to determine the magnitude of the material degradation in relation to hydrogen exposure, extensive material testing is required. The standardized procedure for in-situ testing for the quantification of the impact of compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2) relies on the utilization of an autoclave around the tested specimen. Such test set-up is complex, expensive, time-consuming and requires special equipment, trained personnel, and strict safety procedures. A relatively recent method to circumvent these issues and provide affordable results consists of using hollow specimens, thus applying the hydrogen pressure inside rather than outside the specimen. It allows to reduce the volume of hydrogen by several orders of magnitude and to perform the tests more efficiently and in a safer manner. This study focuses on evaluating the tensile properties of X65 vintage pipeline steel tested in a high-pressure hydrogen environment using hollow specimens. Tests are performed in 6 MPa H2 and Ar at the nominal strain rate of 10−6 s−1 to evaluate the reduced area at fracture and the elongation loss. The effect of surface finishing on crack initiation and propagation is investigated by comparing two different manufacturing techniques. In this way, this study provides insights into the applicability of a novel, reliable, and safe testing method which can be used to assess the hydrogen-assisted ductility loss in metallic materials. KW - Mechanical Engineering KW - Hydrogen Embrittlement KW - SSRT KW - Hollow specimen KW - Pipeline steel KW - In-situ tensile test PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595887 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.074 SN - 2452-3216 VL - 54 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-59588 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konert, Florian A1 - Wieder, Frank A1 - Nietzke, Jonathan A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Böllinghaus, Thomas A1 - Sobol, Oded T1 - Evaluation of the impact of gaseous hydrogen on pipeline steels utilizing hollow specimen technique and μCT N2 - The high potential of hydrogen as a key factor on the pathway towards a climate neutral economy, leads to rising demand in technical applications, where gaseous hydrogen is used. For several metals, hydrogen-metal interactions could cause a degradation of the material properties. This is especially valid for low carbon and highstrength structural steels, as they are commonly used in natural gas pipelines and analyzed in this work. This work provides an insight to the impact of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an API 5L X65 pipeline steel tested in 60 bar gaseous hydrogen atmosphere. The analyses were performed using the hollow specimen technique with slow strain rate testing (SSRT). The nature of the crack was visualized thereafter utilizing μCT imaging of the sample pressurized with gaseous hydrogen in comparison to one tested in an inert atmosphere. The combination of the results from non-conventional mechanical testing procedures and nondestructive imaging techniques has shown unambiguously how the exposure to hydrogen under realistic service pressure influences the mechanical properties of the material and the appearance of failure. KW - Energy Engineering and Power Technology KW - Condensed Matter Physics KW - Fuel Technology KW - Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment KW - µCT KW - Hollow Specimen Technique KW - Hydrogen Embrittlement PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595077 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.005 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 59 SP - 874 EP - 879 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-59507 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Leo, Reinhold T1 - Duplex stainless steels - Compatibility for high-pressure hydrogen applications N2 - Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) are an essential component used in the construction of transportation pipelines because of their many distinctive qualities. The choice of DSS for a particular hydrogen application mainly depends on its susceptibility level to Hydrogen Assisted Cracking (HAC). Several mechanisms have been proposed to describe the occurring microscale processes behind HAC, and these include metastable phase transformation, Hydrogen Enhanced Localized Plasticity (HELP), and Hydrogen Enhanced Decohesion (HEDE). This contribution describes the path to ascertain if DSS is suitable for high-pressure gaseous hydrogen applications. The interplay between several critical factors that result in HAC was examined using high-pressure gaseous hydrogen charging, Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), tensile testing and hydrogen concentration measurements using Carrier Gas Hot Extraction (CGHE). T2 - Third German-African Green Hydrogen Forum 2025 CY - Bernburg (Saale), Germany DA - 23.09.2025 KW - Hydrogen Assisted Cracking KW - High Pressure Hydrogen KW - Duplex Stainless Steels KW - Hollow Specimen Technique PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64302 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel A1 - Mayer, Uwe ED - Vormwald, Michael T1 - Untersuchung des Master Curve-Konzepts für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit: Versuchswerkstoff und erste Ergebnisse an SE(B)140-Großproben N2 - In einem laufenden Kooperationsprojekt zwischen der BAM Berlin und der MPA Stuttgart wird das probabilistische Master Curve (MC) Konzept nach ASTM E1921 hinsichtlich seiner Übertragbarkeit auf ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit (DCI) untersucht. Zielsetzung ist die Bereitstellung einer Vorgehensweise zur Bestimmung und Bewertung der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit von DCI im Übergangsbereich. In diesem Beitrag wird der Versuchswerkstoff der Festigkeitsklasse GJS-400 näher vorgestellt. Ferner werden erste Ergebnisse von zwei bruchmechanischen Versuchsserien an SE(B)140-Großproben bei Belastungsraten von ca. 6∙104 MPa√ms-1 bei -40 °C und -60 °C präsentiert. T2 - 56. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 20.02.2024 KW - Dynamische Beanspruchung KW - Bruchmechanik KW - Master Curve-Konzept KW - Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.48447/BR-2024-BB SP - 49 EP - 58 PB - DVM-Verlag CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-59518 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Mayer, Uwe A1 - Weihe, Stefan ED - Vormwald, Michael T1 - Untersuchung des Master Curve-Konzepts für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit: Kritische Belastungsrate und erste Ergebnisse an C(T)-Proben N2 - Im laufenden Verbundprojekt MCGUSS untersuchen dieProjektpartner MPA Stuttgart und BAM Berlin das probabilistische Master Curve (MC) Konzept nach ASTM E1921 hinsichtlich seiner Übertragbarkeit auf ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit (DCI). Ziel des Projektes ist die Entwicklung einer Methode zur Bestimmung und Bewertung der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit von DCI im Übergangsbereich. In diesem Beitrag werden die Eigenschaften des verwendeten Werkstoffs der Festigkeitsklasse GJS-400 vorgestellt und die sich daraus ergebenden Probenentnahmestellen näher erläutert. Weiterhin werden erste Ergebnisse der C(T)25-Versuchsserien vorgestellt, die bei Belastungsraten von ca. 5∙103 MPa√ms-1, 5∙104 MPa√ms-1 und 5∙105 MPa√ms-1 und einer Temperatur von -40 °C durchgeführt wurden. T2 - 56. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 20.02.2024 KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Master Curve KW - Gusseisen KW - C(T)-Proben PY - 2024 SP - 37 EP - 47 PB - DVM Verlag CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-59519 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baer, Wolfram T1 - Untersuchung des Master Curve-Konzepts für Ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit: Versuchswerkstoff und erste Ergebnisse von SE(B)140-Grossproben N2 - In einem laufenden Kooperationsprojekt zwischen der BAM Berlin und der MPA Stuttgart wird das probabilistische Master Curve (MC) Konzept nach ASTM E1921 hinsichtlich seiner Übertragbarkeit auf ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit (DCI) untersucht. Zielsetzung ist die Bereitstellung einer Vorgehensweise zur Bestim-mung und Bewertung der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit von DCI im Übergangsbe-reich. In diesem Beitrag wird der Versuchswerkstoff der Festigkeitsklasse GJS-400 näher vorgestellt. Ferner werden erste Ergebnisse von zwei bruchmechanischen Versuchsserien an SE(B)140-Großproben bei Belastungsraten von ca. 6∙104 MPa√ms-1 bei -40 °C und 60 °C präsentiert. T2 - Jahrestagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 20.02.2024 KW - Bruchzähigkeit KW - Sprödbruch KW - Master Curve KW - Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit KW - ASTM E1921 PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59860 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mayer, Uwe T1 - Untersuchung des Master Curve-Konzeptes für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit N2 - In dem Poster werden der Forschungsansatz, die Ziele, das Untersuchungsprogramm und die erwarteten Ergebnisse des BMUV-Forschungsvorhabens MCGUSS "Untersuchung des Master Curve-Konzeptes für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit" vorgestellt. Mit Blick auf bruchmechanische Sicherheitsbewertungen in der Kerntechnik werden Stähle momentan mit dem deterministischen ASME-Referenzkurvenkonzept, ergänzt durch das probabilistische Master Curve-Konzept nach ASTM E1921, bewertet. Das Master Curve-Konzept wird bereits für die Bewertung von ferritischen Schmiedestahlbehältern verwendet. Bewertungsmethoden für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit sind im Moment unvollständig. Normen wie die nationale BDG-Richtlinie P300 oder der internationale ASME-Code, Sect. III, Div. 3, WC-2330 decken Sprödbruch nicht ausreichend ab. Die Verwendung des Master Curve-Konzepts für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit würde eine bruchmechanische Bewertung via einer KJc,d Verteilung erlauben und gleichzeitig Größeneffekte und einen Temperaturbereich von 100 K berücksichtigen. T2 - GRS-Projektstatusgespräch 2023 CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 06.11.2023 KW - Dynamische Bruchzähigkeit KW - Sprödbruch KW - Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit KW - Master Curve PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59060 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mayer, Uwe T1 - Untersuchung des Master Curve-Konzeptes für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit N2 - In dem Vortrag werden der Forschungsansatz, die Ziele, das Untersuchungsprogramm und die erwarteten Ergebnisse des BMUVForschungsvorhabens MCGUSS "Untersuchung des Master Curve-Konzeptes für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit" vorgestellt. Mit Blick auf bruchmechanische Sicherheitsbewertungen in der Kerntechnik werden Stähle momentan mit dem deterministischen ASME Referenzkurvenkonzept, ergänzt durch das probabilistische Master Curve-Konzept nach ASTM E1921, bewertet. Das Master Curve-Konzept wird bereits für die Bewertung von ferritischen Schmiedestahlbehältern verwendet. Bewertungsmethoden für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit sind im Moment unvollständig. Normen wie die nationale BDG-Richtlinie P300 oder der internationale ASME-Code, Sect. III, Div. 3, WC-2330 decken Sprödbruch nicht ausreichend ab. Die Verwendung des Master Curve-Konzepts für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit würde eine bruchmechanische Bewertung via einer KJc,d Verteilung erlauben und gleichzeitig Größeneffekte und einen Temperaturbereich von 100 K berücksichtigen. T2 - GRS-Projektstatusgespräch 2023 CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 06.11.2023 KW - Dynamische Bruchzähigkeit KW - Master Curve KW - Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit KW - Sprödbruch PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59061 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holzwarth, M. T1 - First results for the modification of the master curve concept for ferritic ductile cast iron N2 - Within the scope of fracture mechanics safety, ferritic ductile cast iron (DCI) does currently not have an established and validated method to determine and assess dynamic fracture toughness values in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime. For this reason, the applicability of the fracture mechanics Master Curve concept according to ASTM E1921 to DCI is being investigated in a joint research project between MPA Stuttgart and BAM Berlin. To investigate the applicability of the Master Curve concept for DCI, a DCI material of grade GJS-400 has been procured via a detailed manufacturing specification. From this material test specimens of various geometries and sizes (Tensile, Charpy-V, Pellini, SE(B)10, SE(B)25, SE(B)140, DC(T)9, C(T)25 and C(T)50) were produced. In total, about 500 test specimens will be tested to investigate and validate the Master Curve Concept as well as other assumptions (e.g. size effects, Weakest-Link, Weibull distribution) for DCI. While the whole project has not yet concluded, several work packages have yet been completed. Selected test results using C(T)25 specimens are presented. T2 - European Conference on Fracture 2024 CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 26.08.2024 KW - Dynamic fracture toughness KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Master curve PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61451 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -