TY - CONF
A1 - Orellana Pérez, Teresa
T1 - Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM
N2 - Presentation of the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM with all five competence field, representatives as well as its vision, mission, strategic goals and implementation plan.
T2 - III. TR Wasserstoff Erfahrungsaustausch, TÜV Rheinland
CY - Cologne, Germany
DA - 07.12.2022
KW - Hydrogen safety
KW - Materials compatibility
KW - Component testing
KW - Process and plant safety
KW - Sensors and analytics
KW - Cross-cutting activities
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-59301
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Konert, Florian
A1 - Nietzke, Jonathan
T1 - Application of an in-situ H2Test Method
N2 - The degradation effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of steels is well known, but still not sufficiently understood. The fast and safe market ramp up of hydrogen technologies makes it evident to evaluate a wider understanding of this topic. In general it is often described as hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore it is desirable to achieve a test method which is able to provide material properties under hydrogen atmosphere in an easy way. Currently mechanical tests under hydrogen atmosphere are executed in autoclaves. For this technique complex hardware is needed, therefore tests are expensive and test capacities are only available in a small scale. The shown test method promises a trendsetting approach for reducing costs and machine time by using hollow specimen.
T2 - 4th International Conference on Metals and Hydrogen - Steely & Hydrogen 2022
CY - Ghent, Belgium
DA - 11.10.2022
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Hollow specimen
KW - In-situ
KW - Test procedure
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56032
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Askar, Enis
T1 - Experimentelle Untersuchung von Zündwahrscheinlichkeiten bei mechanischen Schlagvorgängen in wasserstoffhaltigen Atmosphären
N2 - Im Projekt HySpark wird die Wirksamkeit mechanischer Schlagvorgänge beim Aufprall von unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen als Zündquelle für wasserstoffhaltige Atmosphären experimentell untersucht. Zum Einen wird die Zündwirksamkeit bei Wasserstoff/Luft-Gemischen in Abhängigkeit der Werkstoffpaarung untersucht. Dabei konnte v.a. festgestellt werden, dass bei Schlagvorgängen von Nicht-Eisen-Metallen mit verschiedenen Stahlsorten die wirksame Zündung vermieden werden kann. Jedoch können bei Schlagvorgängen mit Estrichbeton hohe Zündwahrscheinlichkeiten beobachtet werden. Zum anderen wird der Einfluss von Wasserstoffbeimischungen im Erdgasnetz auf die Zündwirksamkeit von mechanischen Schlägen untersucht. Bei Anteilen bis 25% Wasserstoff konnte bei den Versuchen kein Erhöhung der Zündwahrscheinlichkeit festgestellt werden.
T2 - H2-Kolloquium des Kompetenzzentrums „H2Safety@BAM”
CY - Online meeting
DA - 04.07.2022
KW - Explosionsschutz
KW - Zündquellen
KW - Schlagfunken
KW - Erdgas
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55224
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM – Safeguarding the Quality Infrastructure in the Hydrogen Economy
N2 - Hydrogen is a central component of the energy transition and the European Green Deal for a climate-neutral Europe. To achieve the goals defined for 2050, the EU and the German government have developed a framework for action and are making long-term investments in research, development, and the rapid implementation of innovative hydrogen technologies.
With the Competence Centre "H2Safety@BAM", BAM is creating the safety-related prerequisites for the successful implementation of hydrogen technologies at national as well as European level.
To this end, BAM conducts research, testing and consulting in a holistic and inter-disciplinary manner under one roof – in the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM. The activities of the competence centre focus on ensuring the safety of infra-structures, plants, and processes as well as innovative hydrogen transport and storage systems based on digital quality testing and the experimental testing of components and systems. It thus creates the prerequisites for the implementation and adaptation of legal framework conditions as well as for standardization. Closely related to this are investigations into the properties and compatibility of metallic materials and polymers as well as friction systems for the safe operation of components, plants, processes, and systems. This interdisciplinary and holistic approach is complemented by the development of gas analytics and suitable sensors, online measurements of gas properties in process control, test scenarios under real conditions as well as impact assessments of accidents and risk assessments and risk management systems derived from them. With its portfolio of tasks and competences, BAM builds trust in the safety and reliability of technical system solutions for hydrogen.
T2 - 772. WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Metrology and Process Safety for Hydrogen Technologies & Applications
CY - Bad Honnef, Germany
DA - 10.10.2022
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Competence Center
KW - Hydrogen Strategy
KW - Green Deal
KW - Safety
KW - Risk Assessment
KW - Quality Infrastructure
PY - 2022
UR - https://www.we-heraeus-stiftung.de/veranstaltungen/metrology-and-process-safety-for-hydrogen-technologies-and-applications/
AN - OPUS4-55986
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Mair, Georg W.
T1 - Mit „Knallgas“ in die Zukunft? Sicherheit von Wasserstoff – Von der Herstellung bis zur Nutzung
N2 - Der Vortrag gibt eine Antwort auf die Frage: „Ist der Umgang mit Wasserstoff so sicher, dass wir unsere Zukunft darauf aufbauen können?“
Dr. Mair stellt das Kompetenzzentraum H2Safety@BAM vor. Er beginnt mit dem spektakulären Wasserstoff-Unfall auf dem Tempelhofer Feld aus dem Jahr 1894, kommt zur Gründung des Kompetenzzentrums im Kontext der Wasserstoffstrategien Deutschlands und der EU und erläutert deren sicherheitsfokussierte Ausrichtung, um Vertrauen in Wasserstofftechnologien zu schaffen und zu bewahren.
Danach werden die physikalischen Eigenschaften von Wasserstoff im Vergleich zu Methan (Erdgas) vorgestellt. Dies leitet über zur Betrachtung des Hindenburg-Unfall sin Lakehurst 1937.
Im nächsten Abschnitt werden der weltweite Bedarf an H2, sein Importbedarf aus deutscher Sicht, das weltweite Erzeugungspotential und der Transportaufwand der üblichen H2-Derivate dargelegt.
Die zentrale Frage ist die nach der Sicherheit von Wasserstoff als Ergebnis der bisher ergriffenen Maßnahmen. Es werden wenige der immer wieder geschehenden Unfälle im Transport von Energieträgern vorgestellt, was zur Erkenntnis führt, dass, um die Sicherheit objektiv beurteilen zu können, der Risikobegriff herangezogen werden muss.
Das Risiko basiert auf der Konsequenz und der Häufigkeit eines Ereignisses. Mit Blick auf den bereits erkennbaren Markhochlauf wird dargelegt, wie eine Risikosteuerung in Abhängigkeit der Produkte im Transport funktionieren kann. Hierzu muss beachtet werden, dass jede Eigenschaft streut. Damit sind auch die Zuverlässigkeit jedes einzelnen Speichers, des gesamten Bestandes an Gasspeichern, im Neuzustand und erst recht mit zunehmendem Alter einer Streuung unterworfen, die aktuell nur über Stichproben abgeschätzt werden kann.
Es wird an Beispielen aufgezeigt, welche Prüftechniken und Beurteilungsmethoden die BAM zur Sicherheitsbeurteilung von Transportspeichern und sogar Tankstellen einsetzt und weiterentwickelt.
Dies führt zu einem Petitum für probabilistische Betrachtungsweisen von Produktsicherheit mit Blick auf die Qualität der Rechtsvorschriften, der Produktdesigns und der Herstellung von Produkten für die Wasserstoffanwendung.
T2 - Tagung Hoffnungsträger Wasserstoff - Chancen, Hürden, Risiken
CY - Wittenberg, Germany
DA - 20.10.2022
KW - Wasserstoffspeicher
KW - Markthochlauf
KW - Sicherheit
KW - H2Safety@BAM.de
KW - Risikosteuerung
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56985
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Rhode, Michael
T1 - Additive manufacturing for components in hydrogen technologies
N2 - With the introduction of a hydrogen-based energy and national economy, safety-relevant components for hydrogen technologies are becoming increasingly important. Characteristic of hydrogen technologies are, for example, harsh environmental conditions such as cryogenic or high-pressure storage, corrosion issues in fuel cells and electrolyzers, turbines, and many more. Additive manufacturing of components is becoming increasingly important and irreplaceable for the production of complex technical systems. Using the case studies of burners for gas turbines and electrodes and membranes for polymer (PEMFC) and solid oxide (SOFC) fuel cells, this article shows the potential of additive manufacturing of components. At the same time, however, the challenge of considering divergent mechanical properties depending on the direction of assembly in a "hydrogen-compatible" manner is also highlighted. Finally, the challenges posed by additive manufacturing and hydrogen for materials testing are highlighted under scenarios that are as realistic as possible.
T2 - MPA-Workshop Hydrogen
CY - Online meeting
DA - 10.11.2022
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Technologies
KW - Overview
KW - Component
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56233
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Gerrits, Ruben
T1 - Fungal biofilms are supported by EPS and protective pigments in their substrate attachment and desiccation tolerance
N2 - Rock-inhabiting fungi are known to colonise air-exposed substrates like minerals, photovoltaic panels building facades and monuments, withstanding the various stresses these extreme habitats are known for. Here we show how both colonisation and stress resistance are linked to the properties of the fungal cell surface. By deleting genes involved in the synthesis of melanin and carotenoid pigments of the model rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola via CRISPR-Cas and comparing the behaviour of the gene-deletion mutants with the wild type (WT), we studied the role of these genes in mineral colonisation and stress sensitivity. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biofilms of the WT and mutants were extracted, quantified and chemically characterised. We observed that the absence of melanin affected the quantity and composition of the produced EPS: melanin-deficient mutants synthesised more EPS containing fewer pullulan-related glycosidic linkages. Moreover, in mineral dissolution experiments, these mutants showed a lower ability to colonise the mineral olivine. We hypothesise that not melanin, but the pullulan-related linkages enabled the melanin-producing strains to attach more strongly to the mineral. Moreover, ICP-OES analysis of the aqueous mineral-derived solutes showed that biofilms of the K. petricola mutants which could attach were able to dissolve the olivine faster than those that could not. The same mutants were also characterised by their sensitivity to desiccation stress: only the mutant deficient in both melanin and carotenoid synthesis was more sensitive to desiccation compared to the WT, indicating that a combination of both pigments is critical to withstand desiccation. Overall, these results show the critical role of the cell surface in the specific capacities of rock-inhabiting fungi.
T2 - Biofilms 10
CY - Leipzig, Germany
DA - 09.05.2022
KW - Bio-weathering
KW - Desiccation
KW - Fungal biofilms
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56675
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Aristia, Gabriela
A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa
A1 - Bäßler, Ralph
T1 - Integrated Coating System for Corrosion Protection of Carbon Steel in Artificial Geothermal Brine
N2 - Corrosive geothermal brines are a major challenge to geothermal power-plants. For cost reasons, plant designers prefer to use carbon and low alloyed steels, which are susceptible to uniform and localized corrosion when exposed to geothermal brines having acidic and saline properties. To solve such problem, coatings or inhibitors would be a protective solution as an alternative to the use of high alloyed materials.
This study investigated a coating system consisting of polyaniline/silicon dioxide based on resources locally available in Indonesia. Protection against corrosion of carbon steel was shown by long-term (28 day) exposure and electrochemical tests of coated carbon steels, performed in an artificial acidic and saline geothermal brine, comparable to the conditions encountered at a site in Indonesia.
Therefore, an integrated coating system is proposed for corrosion protection, combining the electrochemical functionality of polyaniline and the physical advantages of silica.
T2 - AMPP International Corrosion Conference
CY - Online meeting
DA - 06.03.2022
KW - Geothermal
KW - Corrosion
KW - Coating
KW - Polyaniline
KW - Silicon dioxide
PY - 2022
SP - 1
EP - 11
CY - Houston TX (USA)
AN - OPUS4-54451
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bäßler, Ralph
T1 - Electrochemical behaviors of casing steel/mortar interface in CO2 saturated aquifer fluid
N2 - To reveal the corrosion resistance of casing steel/mortar interface in CO2 injection condition, sandwich samples were prepared and exposed up to 20 weeks in aquifer fluid under 10 MPa and 60 °C.
Cross section analysis revealed the crevice corrosion as main mechanism instead of pitting corrosion despite very high concentration of Cl in NGB.
EDS element line scan analysis of the 20-week-exposed metal/mortar coupon showed Chloride distribution, which still not reached the metal/mortar interface, explaining no pitting was observed.
It was confirmed that FeCO3 cannot protect the steel surface in CO2 saturated NGB.
To verify the protective possibility of passivation happened on casing steel/mortar interface, simulated pore solution was synthesized and used to passivate the steel for 42 days. OCP and EIS confirmed the formation of passive layer.
The 42 day passivated layer was broken during the first minute of exposure in CO2 saturated NGB.
However, due to high concentration of Ca2+, a new carbonate CaCO3 dense layer was formed, increased the corrosion resistance of steel surface.
T2 - EUROCORR 2022
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 28.08.2022
KW - Corrosion
KW - Geothermal
KW - CO2
KW - Mortar
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55621
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bäßler, Ralph
T1 - Influence of brine components on materials performance in geothermal applications
N2 - Significant Cu-deposition and ‑precipitation only occurred in combination with carbon steel. High-alloyed materials prevent the disturbing Cu-agglomeration. Pb-deposition and ‑precipitation only occurred in combination with carbon steel. No negative Pb-effect could be observed in combination with high-alloyed steels. High alloyed corrosion resistant alloys are suitable and shall be chosen for future design of the piping system, either in massive or in cladded form, if formation of crevices with non-metallic materials can be excluded!
T2 - EUROCORR 2022
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 28.08.2022
KW - Corrosion
KW - Geothermal
KW - Copper
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55624
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bäßler, Ralph
T1 - Integrated Coating System for Corrosion Protection of Carbon Steel in Artificial Geothermal Brine
N2 - Corrosive geothermal brines are a major challenge to geothermal power-plants. For cost reasons, plant designers prefer to use carbon and low alloyed steels, which are susceptible to uniform and localized corrosion when exposed to geothermal brines having acidic and saline properties. To solve such problem, coatings or inhibitors would be a protective solution as an alternative to the use of high alloyed materials.
This study investigated a coating system consisting of polyaniline/silicon dioxide based on resources locally available in Indonesia. Protection against corrosion of carbon steel was shown by long-term (28 day) exposure and electrochemical tests of coated carbon steels, performed in an artificial acidic and saline geothermal brine, comparable to the conditions encountered at a site in Indonesia.
Therefore, an integrated coating system is proposed for corrosion protection, combining the electrochemical functionality of polyaniline and the physical advantages of silica.
T2 - AMPP International Corrosion Conference 2022
CY - San Antonio, TX, USA
DA - 08.03.2022
KW - Geothermal
KW - Corrosion
KW - Coating
KW - Polyaniline
KW - Silicon dioxide
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54452
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sestan, A.
A1 - Sreekala, L.
A1 - Markelj, S.
A1 - Kelemen, M.
A1 - Zavasnik, J.
A1 - Liebscher, C.
A1 - Dehm, G.
A1 - Hickel, Tilmann
A1 - Ceh, M.
A1 - Novak, S.
A1 - Jenus, P.
T1 - Non-uniform He bubble formation in W/W2C composite: Experimental and ab-initio study
N2 - Tungsten-tungsten carbide (W/W2C) composites are considered as possible structural materials for future nuclear fusion reactors. Here, we report on the effect of helium (He) implantation on microstructure evolution of polycrystalline W/W2C composite consolidated by field-assisted sintering technique (FAST), homogenously implanted at room temperature with 1 MeV 4He+ ions at the fluence of 8 × 1016 ions cm−2 and annealed at 1873 K for 20 minutes. Samples were analysed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the presence and size of He bubbles. Monomodal He bubbles in W (30-80 nm) are limited to point defects and grain boundaries, with a considerable void denuded zone (150 nm). Bubbles do not form in W2C, but at the W|W2C interface and are considerably larger (200-400 nm). The experimental observations on He behaviour and migration in W and W2C were assessed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, suggesting He migration and accumulation in the composite are determined by the effective He-He binding in clusters, which will give rise to decohesion. In the presence of He clusters, the decohesion of bulk W into free surfaces is energetically highly favourable but not sufficient in the W2C; hence bubbles are only observed in W grains and interfaces and not within bulk W2C.
KW - Density functional theory
KW - Tungsten
KW - Ditungsten carbide
KW - FAST
KW - Helium implantation
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117608
VL - 226
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-54364
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sreekala, L.
A1 - Dey, P.
A1 - Hickel, Tilmann
A1 - Neugebauer, J.
T1 - Unveiling nonmonotonic chemical trends in the solubility of H in complex Fe-Cr-Mn carbides by means of ab initio based approaches
N2 - The microstructure of advanced high-strength steels often shows a sensitive dependence on alloying. For example, adding Cr to improve the corrosion resistance of medium-Mn steels also enhances the precipitation of carbides. The current study focuses on the behavior of H in such complex multicomponent carbides by employing different methodological strategies. We systematically analyze the impact of Cr, Mn, and Fe using density functional theory (DFT) for two prototype precipitate phases, M3C and M23C6, where M represents the metal sublattice. Our results show that the addition of these alloying elements yields strong nonmonotonic chemical trends for the H solubility. We identify magnetovolume effects as the origin for this behavior, which depend on the considered system, the sites occupied by H, and short- vs long-range interactions between H and the alloying elements. We further show that the H solubility is directly correlated with the occupation of its nearest-neighbor shells by Cr and Mn. Based on these insights, DFT data from H containing binary-metal carbides are used to design a ridge regression based model that predicts the solubility of H in the ternary-metal carbides (Fe-Cr-Mn-C).
KW - Hydrogen
KW - High-strength steel
KW - Carbide
KW - Ab initio
KW - Complexity
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-542271
DO - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.014403
SN - 2475-9953
VL - 6
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - American Physical Society (APS)
CY - College Park, MD
AN - OPUS4-54227
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Wu, Shu-Han
A1 - Appel, Paul Alexander
T1 - DialySorb
N2 - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been one of the greatest achievements in the field of energy storage of the last century. However, with the increasing demand for energy storage, battery technologies must be diversified according to their specific requirements in different applications. In terms of stationary energy storage and electric vehicles, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered to be the most attractive alternative to LIBs due to the uniformly high abundance and cost-effectiveness of raw materials, enabling large-scale and low-cost energy storage. Unlike LIBs where crystalline graphite is commonly used as the anode material, disordered carbons are regarded as more promising for SIBs. However, further advances towards better reversibility and higher specific capacity are still needed to match or exceed that of graphite in LIBs. The main challenge is the complex and unpredictable Na+ storage mechanism in disordered carbons, as they may have different properties depending on the precursors and carbonization conditions. [1] Recently, Matsukawa et al. have reported that the reversibility of (de)sodiation processes of disordered carbons is better for ultramicroporous carbons.[2] These pores are accessible only to Na+ ions and not to solvent molecules. Therefore, the (de)sodiation processes are protected from the side reactions caused by the solvent, which reduces the related irreversible capacity loss. With this idea, the origin of the specific capacity and irreversible losses will be further investigated by tailoring chemical composition (e.g., heteroatom doping) as well as pore structure of hard carbons used as anode materials in SIBs. For the synthesis scalable and industrially relevant processes will be used. The structure and morphology of the materials will be characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, different gas sorption techniques will be carried out to analyze the porosity, pore sizes and specific surface areas. The electrochemical performance of the prepared materials will be evaluated based on coin cells, three-electrode Swagelok cells, and pouch cells. Moreover, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy will be performed to help understand the mechanism of Na+ storage.
T2 - Electrochemistry 2022 (GDCh confernece)
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 27.09.2022
KW - Na-ion Battery
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-62013
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Koyutürk, B.
A1 - Farber, E.
A1 - Wagner, F.
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
A1 - Eisenberg, D.
T1 - A simple decagram-scale synthesis of an atomically dispersed, hierarchically porous Fe–N–C catalyst for acidic ORR
N2 - Carbons doped with iron and nitrogen (Fe–N–Cs) are highly promising electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions in the oxygen, nitrogen and carbon cycles. Containing no platinum group metals, they nevertheless compete with platinum-based catalysts in crucial fuel cell reactions, such as oxygen reduction in acid. Yet deployment of Fe–N–Cs in fuel cells requires also a flow-enhancing pore structure, and a scalable synthesis procedure – a rarely-met combination of requirements. We now report such a simple synthesis of over 10 g of an Fe–N–C catalyst with high activity towards oxygen reduction in acid. Atomically-dispersed Fe–N4 active sites were designed orthogonally and simultaneously with hierarchical micro-, meso- and macroporosity, by exploiting a dual role of magnesium ions during pyrolysis. Combining the “active site imprinting” and “self-templating” strategies in a single novel magnesium iminodiacetate precursor yielded a catalyst with high specific surface area (SSA > 1600 m2 g−1), a flow-enhancing hierarchical porosity, and high relative abundance of the most desirable D1-type Fe–N4 sites (43%, by Mössbauer spectroscopy at 4.2 K). Despite the relatively low iron contents, the catalysts feature halfwave potentials up to 0.70 V vs. RHE at pH 1 and a mass activity of 1.22 A g−1 at 0.8 V vs. RHE in RDE experiments. Thanks to the simple and scalable synthesis, this active and stable catalyst may serve as a workhorse in academic and industrial research into atomically-dispersed ORR electrocatalysis.
KW - Catalysis
KW - Fe-N-C catalysts
KW - Fuel Cells
KW - Electrochemistry
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550113
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ta00925k
SN - 2050-7488
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-55011
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Titirici, M.
A1 - Baird, S. G.
A1 - Sparks, T. D.
A1 - Yang, S. M.
A1 - Brandt-Talbot, A.
A1 - Hosseinaei, O.
A1 - Harper, D. P.
A1 - Parker, R. M.
A1 - Vignolini, S.
A1 - Berglund, L. A.
A1 - Li, Y.
A1 - Gao, H.-L.
A1 - Mao, L.-B.
A1 - Yu, S.-H.
A1 - Díez, N.
A1 - Ferrero, G. A.
A1 - Sevilla, M.
A1 - Szilágyi, P. Á.
A1 - Stubbs, C. J.
A1 - Worch, J. C.
A1 - Huang, Y.
A1 - Luscombe, C. K.
A1 - Lee, K.-Y.
A1 - Luo, H.
A1 - Platts, M. J.
A1 - Tiwari, D.
A1 - Kovalevskiy, D.
A1 - Fermin, D. J.
A1 - Au, H.
A1 - Alptekin, H.
A1 - Crespo-Ribadeneyra, M.
A1 - Ting, V. P.
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
A1 - Barrio, J.
A1 - Westhead, O.
A1 - Roy, C.
A1 - Stephens, I. E. L.
A1 - Nicolae, S. A.
A1 - Sarma, S. C.
A1 - Oates, R. P.
A1 - Wang, C.-G.
A1 - Li, Z.
A1 - Loh, X. J.
A1 - Myers, R. J.
A1 - Heeren, N.
A1 - Grégoire, A.
A1 - Périssé, C.
A1 - Zhao, X.
A1 - Vodovotz, Y.
A1 - Earley, B.
A1 - Finnveden, G.
A1 - Björklund, A.
A1 - Harper, G. D. J.
A1 - Walton, A.
A1 - Anderson, P. A.
T1 - The sustainable materials roadmap
N2 - Our ability to produce and transform engineered materials over the past 150 years is responsible for our high standards of living today, especially in the developed economies. Yet, we must carefully think of the effects our addiction to creating and using materials at this fast rate will have on the future generations. The way we currently make and use materials detrimentally affects the planet Earth, creating many severe environmental problems. It affects the next generations by putting in danger the future of economy, energy, and climate. We are at the point where something must drastically change, and it must change NOW. We must create more sustainable materials alternatives using natural raw materials and inspiration from Nature while making sure not to deplete important resources, i.e. in competition with the food chain supply. We must use less materials, eliminate the use of toxic materials and create a circular materials economy where reuse and recycle are priorities. We must develop sustainable methods for materials recycling and encourage design for disassembly. We must look across the whole materials life cycle from raw resources till end of life and apply thorough life cycle assessments based on reliable and relevant data to quantify sustainability.
KW - Electrochemistry
KW - Fe-N-C catalysts
KW - Fuel cells
KW - Catalysis
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550126
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7639/ac4ee5
SN - 2515-7639
VL - 5
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 98
PB - IOP Publishing
CY - Bristol
AN - OPUS4-55012
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Menga, D.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Wagner, F.
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
T1 - Evaluation of the Specific Activity of MNCs and the Intrinsic Activity of Tetrapyrrolic FeN4 Sites for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
N2 - M−N−C electrocatalysts are considered pivotal to replace expensive precious group metal-based materials in electrocatalytic conversions. However, their development is hampered by the limited availability of methods for the evaluation of the intrinsic activity of different active sites, like pyrrolic FeN4 sites within Fe−N−Cs. Currently, new synthetic procedures based on active-site imprinting followed by an ion exchange reaction, e.g. Zn-to-Fe, are producing single-site M−N−Cs with outstanding activity. Based on the same replacement principle, we employed a conservative iron extraction to partially remove the Fe ions from the N4 cavities in Fe−N−Cs. Having catalysts with the same morphological properties and Fe ligation that differ solely in Fe content allows for the facile determination of the decrease in density of active sites and their turn-over frequency. In this way, insight into the specific activity of M−N−Cs is obtained and for single-site catalysts the intrinsic activity of the site is accessible. This new approach surpasses limitations of methods that rely on probe molecules and, together with those techniques, offers a novel tool to unfold the complexity of Fe−N−C catalyst and M−N−Cs in general.
KW - Fe-N-C catalysts
KW - M-N-C catalysts
KW - Fuel Cells
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567406
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202207089
SN - 1433-7851
VL - 61
IS - 50
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Wiley-VHC
AN - OPUS4-56740
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
T1 - Metal chloride activation revisited: a sol-gel process to functional carbons
N2 - Porous carbon materials are known for their applicability in important areas such as sorption, catalysis and electrochemistry (e.g. fuel cell catalysts, supercapacitor or battery electrodes). It was shown that nitrogen doped carbons (NDCs) act as an inexpensive and highly active non-metal catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with the potential to reach performances of practical need one day. A key strategy towards improvement for this aim comprises the generation of advantageous porosity, which typically means high surface area and mass transport pores as well as the control over the chemistry of catalytically active sites. My group is developing novel sol-gel type strategies that are using molten salts or molten acids as unconventional reaction medium for the porogenesis in doped carbons, thereby revisiting classic activation techniques.[1,2] Carbon materials with extra high surface area of ~2800 m2 g-1 and pore volumes, up to four times as high as in commercial activated carbons, are obtained.[3] It turns out that the meso- and macrostructure is generated by means of phase separation rather than leaching reactions. However, chemical reactions between the carbon precursor and the melt are also involved. The salt cations Mg2+ and Zn2+ act as template ions, which results in metal coordination sites, embedded into the carbon structure.[4,5] The imprinted structure may be utilized as catalytically active site by performing ion-exchange reactions. The novel preparation strategy towards highly active electrocatalysts will be presented for Mg and Zn and further discussed for lighter elements.
T2 - Carbon Chemistry and Materials Conference 2022
CY - Rome, Italy
DA - 10.10.2024
KW - Activated carbon
KW - Salt templating
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61936
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
T1 - On the structure of doped carbon electrodes
N2 - Carbon-based materials are promising electrodes for energy applications. Herein an overview of morphological and chemical features of such carbon materials is given. It is further shown how morphological and chemical features must be devonvoluted to be able to elucidate structure-performance realtionships that are critical to the improvement of the materials for applications such as batteries or fuel cells.
T2 - TEC Summer Seminar 2022
CY - Monte Isola, Italy
DA - 06.09.2022
KW - Carbon
KW - M-N-C
KW - Electrocatalysis
KW - Energy storage
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61935
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
T1 - Sol-gel synthesis of porous boron- and nitrogen-doped carbon
N2 - Carbon activation is intensively investigated due to a widespread utilization of activated carbons as sorbents, hosting and support materials owning to its high porosity and surface area. Activated carbons are increasingly considered also for electrochemical applications e.g. supercapacitors and metal-ion hybrid capacitors. Those devices usually employ activated carbon electrodes, where ions are stored by means of adsorption/desorption.[1] Meanwhile, in lithium-sulfur batteries, sulfur is loaded within activated carbon pores to confine insoluble intermediates.[2] The activation is normally proceeded in top-down or bottom-up strategies. Therein pore formation (porogenesis) occurs by reaction with steam, CO2, KOH, or the use of acidic agents. It is generally accepted, that the porogenesis mechanism is chemical leaching of carbon atoms. Recently, the sol-gel type synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon in molten acids was presented, questioning the general validity of a leaching activation mechanism.[3] The protocol using inorganic salt melts (MgCl2 or ZnCl2) and organic precursors additionally generated N-functionalities. Interestingly, it can be noticed that the imprinting cations play a crucial role towards chemical structure of nitrogen-doped carbon framework. The coordinated geometry is well-known from phthalocyanine, a macrocyclic N-complexes (MN4-sites, where M is metal cation) which are desirable surface complexes, e.g. in electrocatalysis. The analogous phenomenon may be observed when using H3PO4 and H3BO3 agent via sol-gel chemistry.[4] Herein, the carbonization of mixtures of organic compound with H3PO4 and H3BO3 is investigated. Therefore, associated effects regarding the presence of P and B atoms within resulting nitrogen-doped carbons as well as the porogenesis mechanism are discussed. The understanding of moieties probably offers a new perspective of non-leaching carbon activation hence, provides a feasible pathway towards improved performances in electrochemical applications.
T2 - Deutsche Zeolith-Tagung 2022
CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany
DA - 24.03.2022
KW - B-N-C
KW - Boric acid activation
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61957
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
T1 - Porous Carbon Supported Ni or Co Single Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
N2 - Isomorphous, but chemically unequal Ni-, Co- and Zn-N-C electrocatalysts are investigated for their electrocatalytic properties towards the electrochemical CO2 conversion. It turns out that Ni-N-Cs are clearly most favourable, because of the isomorphism to other catalysts, also clearly due to the NiN4 sites properties.
T2 - Deutsche Zeolith-Tagung 2024
CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany
DA - 23.03.2024
KW - M-N-C catalysts
KW - CO2 reduction
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61953
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Mehmood, Asad
T1 - Atomically Coordinated Non-Precious Metal Electrocatalysts Using Active Site Imprinted Carbon Matrix
N2 - Non-precious metal catalysts generally represented as M-N-C (where M= Fe, Co, Ni etc.) have shown encouraging activity levels for different electrochemical applications involving oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). High activities of these electrocatalysts mainly come from transition metal centres that are atomically dispersed as M-N4 active sites within a nitrogen doped carbon matrix. Because of the required pyrolytic synthesis conditions, it is quite challenging to prepare M-N-Cs that purely consist of M-N4 active sites. Classical synthesis routes often result in the formation of additional side phases such metallic nanoparticles or metal carbides, which limit the density of M-N4 sites and lead to lower catalytic activity.1 Herein, we present our work on M-N-C synthesis using an active site imprinting approach as an alternate synthetic route to address the above-mentioned issue. We show that both Mg and Zn can be used for active site imprinting. The imprinted coordination environment can be coordinated with various transition metal ions, resulting in Fe-N-C, Co-N-C and Ni-N-C catalysts containing M-N4 sites exclusively.2-4 The electrochemical performance of the synthesized catalysts is evaluated for CO2RR and ORR. Ni-N-Cs exhibit an excellent CO2 reduction activity with high CO faradic efficiency value of 95% at U= -0.5 to -0.8 VRHE (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) and a mass activity of 23 A g-1. The performance stability test carried out at -0.65 VRHE demonstrates above 92 % retention of the current density and 97 % retention of the CO selectivity after 100 h of continuous operation, reflecting the structural robustness of the Ni-N-C catalyst in CO2RR test environment. When employed as ORR catalysts, both Fe-N-C and Co-N-C deliver promising activities with half-wave potentials >0.8 VRHE in acidic electrolyte and >0.9 VRHE in alkaline electrolyte. The talk will include greater details of the structural analysis and electrochemical performance evaluation of these catalysts.
T2 - 73rd Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry
CY - Online meeting
DA - 12.09.2022
KW - Non-precious metal catalysts
KW - Single atom catalysts
KW - Electrochemical CO2 conversion
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61986
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Mehmood, Asad
T1 - Ionothermal Template Transformation as a Sustainable Route Towards Carbon Electrodes in Energy Storage and Conversion
N2 - Porous carbons with tuneable functionalities and morphologies have extensively been employed as electrode materials in a variety of electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems for instance in fuel cells and electrolysers as active catalysts and catalyst supports, and in secondary batteries as anode materials. Amorphous carbons with well-developed pore structures are of particular interest due to their superior mass-transport characteristics and remarkable charge storage capacities. The salt-templating method with its advantage of combined soft and hard templating effects provides a sustainable way to synthesize nano- and mesoporous carbons with tailored porosities via in-situ ionothermal template transformation [1]. In this work, we utilized a MgCl2-based salt melt to prepare nitrogen doped carbons (N-C) with different morphologies and porosities, which were evaluated as anode materials in sodium ion batteries. Simultaneously, use of MgCl2 salt leads to the formation of Mg-N4 moieties in those carbons by means of a pyrolytic template-ion effect (active site imprinting) [2]. Porous carbon frameworks with imprinted Mg-N4 sites are interesting particularly for electrocatalysis applications as they offer an ideal platform to prepare M-N-C catalysts (where M= Co, Fe, Ni etc.) by ion-exchange reactions at low temperatures. The resultant M-N-C catalysts consist purely of M-N4 active sites and high porosity of carbon framework facilitates efficient mass-transport of reacting species.
We utilized Mg-N4 imprinted carbons to synthesize morphologically equivalent Ni-N-Cs and Co-N-Cs, containing phase pure Ni-N4 and Co-N4 sites, for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR). In electrochemical tests, Ni-N-Cs exhibited an excellent CO2 reduction activity with considerably higher CO selectivity and mass activity as compared to Co-N-C. The faradic efficiency value of Ni-N-C for CO formation was 95% at U= -0.5 to -0.8 VRHE (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) and a mass activity of 23 A g-1. The performance stability test carried out at -0.65 VRHE demonstrated above 90 % retention of the current density and CO selectivity after 100 h of continuous operation, reflecting the structural robustness of the Ni-N-C catalyst.
Finally, these ionothermal carbons with two different morphologies (but without any Ni or Co incorporation) were employed as the anode materials in sodium-ion batteries to evaluate the effects of carbon morphology and functionalization on sodium storage capacities. Compared to the reference carbon material, substantially higher reversible sodium storage capacities were reached with these high porosity carbons that were in the range of 300-500 mAh g-1 [3]. Although the reversible capacity was obtained only after extensive SEI formation, our results reveal the potential for much higher reversible capacities than usually observed using carbons with a tailored porosity in sodium-ion batteries. The talk will include greater details of the structural analysis and sodium storage and CO2 reduction results of these ionothermal carbons.
T2 - Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS)
CY - Barcelona, Spain
DA - 24.10.2022
KW - Porous carbons
KW - Sodium ion batteries
KW - Anode materials
KW - Single atom catalysts
KW - Electrochemical CO2 reduction
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61985
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
T1 - Bioinspired atomically dispersed M-N-C catalysts via active-site imprinting into nitrogen doped carbons
N2 - Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells are amongst the most promising energy conversion technologies today. Herein non-precious iron-coordinated nitrogen doped carbons (Fe-N-Cs) are very promising alternatives for Pt-based cathode catalysts.[1-3] The early reports on the application of such materials date back to the 1960´s when Jasinski demonstrated that - similar to natural porphyrins - N-coordinated transition metal complexes can be active sites for the ORR.[3] The preparation of these catalysts was strongly optimized over the years; still they typically remain with harsh reaction conditions that complicate the selective formation of active FeN4 sites. The employment of pyrolytic temperatures has been a dogma for the synthesis of MN4 sites, however coming with unfavorable side reactions. We recently introduced a mild procedure, which is conservative toward the carbon support and leads to active-site formation at low temperatures in a wet-chemical step, essentially decoupling the preparation of nitrogen doped carbons (NCs) from the preparation of the active sites.[4, 5]
The key concept therein is the so-called active site imprinting into the NC using the less reactive template ions Mg2+ [4] or Zn2+.[5] The presentation will introduce the concept of active site imprinting with a focus on Fe-N-C electrocatalyst development and testing. The broad potential of the synthetic approach will be exemplified by recent results, including the selective synthesis of tetrapyrrolic single site catalysts, the assignment of the role of the transition metal compared to the carbon scaffold and a facile method to evaluate specific activity.
T2 - GDCh Electrochemistry 2022
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 27.09.2022
KW - Bioinspired carbon catalysts
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61960
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
T1 - Effects of Acid Activation via Sol-Gel Chemistry towards Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Structure
N2 - Porous carbon materials are known for their applicability in important areas such as sorption, catalysis and electrochemistry (e.g. fuel cell catalysts, supercapacitor or battery electrodes). It was shown that nitrogen doped carbons (NDCs) act as an inexpensive and highly active non-metal catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with the potential to reach performances of practical need one day. A key strategy towards improvement for this aim comprises the generation of advantageous porosity, which typically means high surface area and mass transport pores as well as the control over the chemistry of catalytically active sites. My group is developing novel sol-gel type strategies that are using molten salts or molten acids as unconventional reaction medium for the porogenesis in doped carbons, thereby revisiting classic activation techniques.[1,2] Carbon materials with extra high surface area of ~2800 m2 g- 1 and pore volumes, up to four times as high as in commercial activated carbons, are obtained.[3] It turns out that the meso- and macrostructure is generated by means of phase separation rather than leaching reactions. However, chemical reactions between the carbon precursor and the melt are also involved. The salt cations Mg2+ and Zn2+ act as template ions, which results in metal coordination sites, embedded into the carbon structure.[4,5] The imprinted structure may be utilized as catalytically active site by performing ion-exchange reactions. The novel preparation strategy towards highly active electrocatalysts will be presented for Mg and Zn and further discussed for lighter elements.
T2 - International Sol-Gel Conference 2022
CY - Lyon, France
DA - 24.06.2022
KW - Sol-Gel-Carbonization
KW - Boron-Nitrogen-Doped Carbon
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61958
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Wutthiprom, Juthaporn
T1 - Sol-Gel Carbonization towards Tailor-Made Boron- and Nitrogen-doped Carbon
N2 - The activation of carbon is normally proceeded in top-down or bottom-up strategies. Therein pore formation (porogenesis) occurs by reaction with steam, CO2 , KOH, or the use of acidic agents, in which chemical leaching of carbon atoms occurs. The sol-gel type synthesis of N-doped carbon in excess amounts of molten acids was presented recently, questioning the general validity of a leaching activation mechanism.[1] The protocol using inorganic salt melts (MgCl2 or ZnCl2 ) and organic precursors additionally generated N functionalities. Interestingly, it can be noticed that the imprinting cations play a crucial role towards the chemical structure of N-doped carbon framework. The coordinated geometry is wellknown from phthalocyanine, a macrocyclic Ncomplexes (MN4 -sites, where M is metal cation) which are desirable surface complexes, e.g. in electrocatalysis. The analogous phenomenon may be observed when using H3BO3 agent via sol-gel chemistry.
T2 - International Sol-Gel Conference 2022
CY - Lyon, France
DA - 24.06.2022
KW - Boron-Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon
KW - Sol-Gel-Carbonization
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61959
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Mehmood, Asad
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
T1 - Porous Carbon Supported Ni and Co Single Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
N2 - Non-precious metal single atom catalysts (generally labelled as M/NCs where M= Co, Fe, Ni etc.) consist of active metal centres dispersed on nitrogen doped porous carbon (NC) matrix at atomic level and exhibit promising activities e. g. for electrochemical reduction of CO2, selectively forming CO. We herein use identical Mg/NCs as platform for ion-exchange reactions towards morphologically equivalent Ni/NCs and Co/NCs. The Ni/NC catalyst shows almost double the specific activity and a Faraday efficiency of >80% at a very low overpotential of U= -0.43 V (even 95% at U= -0.5 to -0.8 V) with high stability.
T2 - GDCh Electrochemistry 2022
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 27.09.2022
KW - Electrochemical CO2 conversion
KW - Single atom catalysts
KW - Porous Carbons
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61980
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Appel, Paul Alexander
T1 - Investigation and Development of Tailor-Made Core-Shell Hard Carbon Materials to be used as Negative Electrodes in Sodium Ion Batteries
N2 - The current strong interest in electromotive mobility and the need to transition to an energy grid with sustainable energy storage has led to a renewed interest in sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Hard carbons are promising candidates for high-capacity negative electrode materials in SIBs. Their high capacities, however, are often accompanied with high irreversible capacity losses during the initial cycles.[1]
The goal of this project is to use analytical techniques to establish a correlation between the structure and the capacities of hard carbons. This has previously been difficult, in part because the sodium storage mechanism is not stoichiometric and due to the disordered structure of hard carbons.
Large irreversible capacities associated with hard carbons are often in contradiction to the experimentally determined low surface area of the sample material.[1] A better understanding of the structure-property relationship should enable quantification and understanding of the potential of hard carbon materials for SIBs.
Our approach is to explore whether a core-shell structure can separate sodium storage and solid electrolyte interphase formation so that storage capacity and irreversible losses can be investigated separately. The synthesis of a selection of porous carbon structures serving as the core material, will be attempted. Simultaneously, sodium-conducting shell structures will be developed to allow for separation of sodium ions and electrolyte molecules. Subsequently the combination of core and shell materials will be undertaken. These anodes should enable high capacities accompanied with low irreversible capacity due to optimized solid electrolyte interphase formation.
T2 - GDCH Electrochemistry 2022
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 27.09.2022
KW - Energy Materials
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-62001
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kömmling, Anja
T1 - Analysis of O-ring seal failure in the context of radioactive waste containers
N2 - At BAM, which is a federal institute for materials research and testing in Germany, it is one of our tasks to evaluate the safety of casks designed for transport and/or storage of radioactive material. This includes assessment of elastomeric seals applied in the casks. Besides examining the low-temperature behaviour and irradiation effects of elastomeric seals, it is our goal to estimate the service lifetime of the seals with regard to the requirements for long-term safety (40 years and more) of the containers. Therefore, we started an accelerated ageing programme with selected rubbers often used for seals (HNBR, EPDM and FKM) which are aged at four different temperatures (75 °C, 100 °C, 125 °C and 150 °C) up to five years. In order to assess sealability, O-rings were aged in compression by 25 % (corresponding to the compression during service) between plates as well as in flanges that allow leakage rate measurements. For comparison, uncompressed O-rings were aged as well. Further methods characterising seal performance are compression stress relaxation (CSR) reflecting the loss of sealing force of a compressed seal over time, and compression set (CS) which represents the recovery behaviour of a seal after release from compression. Additionally, material properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, glass transition temperature and viscoelastic loss factor as well as relaxation and recovery behaviour are examined in order to understand the underlying ageing mechanisms in each material. For obtaining results closely related to practical conditions, O-rings with a full-scale cord diameter of 10 mm were aged. However, this set-up can lead to heterogeneous aging caused by diffusion-limited oxidation (DLO) effects, resulting in distorted bulk properties such as compression stress relaxation and compression set. However, if DLO-affected data is excluded, extrapolations of CS data are possible using time-temperature shifts and Arrhenius graphs.
For selecting an appropriate end-of-lifetime criterion, leakage rate measurements were performed, since leakage rate is the only characteristic directly correlated to the performance of the sealing system. A significant increase in leakage rate was considered as the end of the lifetime. However, the O-rings remained leak tight under static conditions and even exhibited an improved, i.e. decreased leakage rate while other properties already indicated strong deterioration. These tests were extended by seal tests with fast partial decompression.
Overall an update will be given on the current investigations and results and the planned activities.
T2 - Kautschuk Herbst Kolloquium 2022
CY - Online meeting
DA - 08.11.2022
KW - Seal
KW - Ageing
KW - Compression set
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56397
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weber, Mike
T1 - Coefficients of Friction in Dependence on Aging State of Elastomers – Experimental Identification and Numerical Simulation of the Experiment
N2 - Elastomer seals are mounted as barrier seals in lid systems of containers designed for transport and disposal of negligible heat generating radioactive waste and as auxiliary seals in spent fuel storage and transportation casks (dual purpose casks (DPC)). When the behavior of mounted seals under normal and hypothetical accident conditions of disposal and transport is to be simulated, a comprehensive knowledge of their complex mechanical properties at every state of aging is necessary. In previous works, BAM’s efforts in experimental investigations on specimen artificially aged at different temperatures and times and the implementation of the found results in finite element material models were presented. Additionally, our approaches to reproduce the aging process itself and to extrapolate the results of artificially accelerated aging to longer times were presented. Numerical simulations have shown that the behavior of the seal during mounting and one-sided pressurizing and the resulting performance values such as leakage rate strongly depend on the coefficient of friction (COF) between flange and seal. The friction coefficient, in turn, depends on the aging state of the elastomer material as several publications suggest (see below).
Dynamic COF between an exemplary ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) material and a stainless steel ball were determined by using a self-designed linear oscillation tribometer. Unaged and artificially aged EPDM specimen stored for 30 days and 100 days at a temperature of 150 °C were tested. A stainless steel ball (d=10 mm) is brought in contact with the specimen’s surface und loaded by normal forces of 2.5 N, 5 N, 10 N and 20 N. During a reciprocating movement of the EPDM sheet, the horizontal force/friction force is continuously measured, and the COF can be derived.
It is well known that friction is a complex phenomenon especially in soft materials. It cannot be excluded that the measured friction force is influenced by additional force components, resulting from the ball’s grooving through the elastomer’s surface. This force depends on the penetration depth of the ball and on the resistance of the elastomer in its different states of aging. The latter results from microstructural changes i.e., chain scission and additional crosslinking that occur during aging which in turn influence the softening or hardening of the material.
A finite element (FE) ABAQUS® model was developed to reproduce the measurement process. It should help to better understand the physical mechanisms and to quantify the percentage of measured forces resulting from real friction on the one hand and forces resulting from unintended side effects that could falsify the result on the other hand. The behavior of the elastomer in its different states of aging is reproduced by a FE material model already presented in previous works of BAM.
T2 - ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference (PVP2022)
CY - Las Vegas, NV, USA
DA - 17.07.2022
KW - Radioactive Waste
KW - Elastomers
KW - Aging
KW - Experiment
KW - Seal Behavior
KW - Numerical Simulation
KW - Leakage Rate
KW - Coefficient of Friction
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-57095
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Morpho-Chemical Characterisation of Me-TiO2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytical Activity
N2 - The conversion of solar energy into electricity and solar fuels is of crucial importance for a green and sustainable future. Water splitting using semiconductor photo-catalysts is considered a sustainable method to produce clean hydrogen (H2) fuel. Nevertheless, H2 photo-production efficiency remains still low, although extensive research works to understand better the mechanisms of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) are being carried out. In this respect, TiO2 is a key photoactive material, usually employed with a co-catalyst deposited onto the surface to enhance charge carriers’ separation and catalyze surface charge transfer reactions. The deposition of a co-catalyst on the TiO2 nanoparticle surface represents one successful way to enhance the activity of the photocatalyst through a modification of its surface and redox properties. In this context, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy coupled with elemental analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is fundamental for studying and understanding the effect of the nanoparticle morphology on the functional properties of shape-controlled TiO2 crystals (bipyramides, platelets, and elongated particles). Different types of metal-semiconductor combinations, TiO2 shapes and dopant metals (Ag, Pt, etc) and metal concentrations will be discussed.
T2 - ECASIA 2022
CY - Limerick, Ireland
DA - 29.05.2022
KW - Titania nanoparticles
KW - Photocatalysis
KW - Scanning electron microscopy
KW - Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54977
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sun, F.
A1 - Wang, C.
A1 - Osenberg, M.
A1 - Dong, K.
A1 - Zhang, S.
A1 - Yang, C.
A1 - Wang, Y.
A1 - Hilger, A.
A1 - Zhang, J.
A1 - Dong, S.
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Manke, I.
A1 - Cui, G.
T1 - Clarifying the Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Coupling in Li10SnP2S12 based All-Solid-State Batteries
N2 - A fundamental clarification of the electro-chemo-mechanical coupling at the solid–solid electrode|electrolyte interface in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) is of crucial significance but has proven challenging. Herein, (synchrotron) X-ray tomography, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and finite element analysis (FEA) modeling are jointly used to decouple the electro-chemo-mechanical coupling in Li10SnP2S12-based ASSBs. Non-destructive (synchrotron) X-ray tomography results visually disclose unexpected mechanical deformation of the solid electrolyte and electrode as well as an unanticipated evolving behavior of the (electro)chemically generated interphase. The EIS and TOFSIMS probing results provide additional information that links the interphase/electrode properties to the overall battery performance. The modeling results complete the picture by providing the detailed distribution of the mechanical stress/strain and the potential/ionic flux within the electrolyte.
Collectively, these results suggest that 1) the interfacial volume changes induced by the (electro)chemical reactions can trigger the mechanical deformation of the solid electrode and electrolyte; 2) the overall electrochemical process can accelerate the interfacial chemical reactions; 3) the reconfigured interfaces in turn influence the electric potential distribution as well as charge transportation within the SE. These fundamental discoveries that remain unreported until now significantly improve the understanding of the complicated
electro-chemo-mechanical couplings in ASSBs.
KW - All-solid-state batteries
KW - Lithium metal batteries
KW - Solid electrolytes
KW - Sulfide solid electrolytes
KW - Synchrotron X-ray tomography
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103714
SN - 1614-6832
SP - 2103714
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-54431
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ziesche, R.F.
A1 - Hack, J.
A1 - Rasha, L.
A1 - Maier, M.
A1 - Tan, C.
A1 - Heenan, T.M.M.
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Kardjilov, N.
A1 - Manke, I.
A1 - Kockelmann, W.
A1 - Brett, D.J.L.
A1 - Shearing, P.R.
T1 - High-speed 4D neutron computed tomography for quantifying water dynamics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
N2 - In recent years, low-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells have become an increasingly important pillar in a zero-carbon strategy for curbing climate change, with their potential to power multiscale stationary and mobile applications. The performance improvement is a particular focus of research and engineering roadmaps, with water management being one of the major areas of interest for development. Appropriate characterisation tools for mapping the evolution, motion and removal of water are of high importance to tackle shortcomings.
This article demonstrates the development of a 4D high-speed neutron imaging technique, which enables a quantitative analysis of the local water evolution. 4D visualisation allows the time-resolved studies of droplet formation in the flow fields and water quantification in various cell parts. Performance parameters for water management are identified that offer a method of cell classification, which will, in turn, support computer modelling and the engineering of next-generation flow field designs.
KW - Neutron imaging
KW - Tomography
KW - Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545978
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29313-5
VL - 13
IS - 1
SP - 1616
PB - Nature Publishing Group UK
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-54597
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - John, Sebastian
A1 - Auster, Jürgen
A1 - Widjaja, Martinus Putra
A1 - Duffner, Eric
A1 - Mair, Georg W.
T1 - NIP II - Forschungsvorhaben „DELFIN“
N2 - Überblick über Projektinhalte und -ergebnisse aus dem Forschungsvorhaben Delfin „Erforschung alternativer Materialien und Fertigungsprozesse für kosten- und gewichtsreduzierte Druckbehälter aus endlosfaserverstärkten Kunststoff“
T2 - SAMPE Kolloquium
CY - Online meeting
DA - 15.01.2022
KW - Wasserstoff
KW - Druckbehälter
KW - Impact
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-58064
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Liu, Y.
T1 - Cooperation in Advanced Technologies Associated with the Back End of Nuclear Fuel Cycle
N2 - A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) and the German Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) was signed in October 2014. Its objectives are to promote cooperation among scientists and specialists at Argonne and BAM and establish a framework for collaboration in advanced technologies associated with the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle. Collaborative activities involving Argonne and BAM may be implemented through the promotion of joint research activities and scientific workshops and conferences; exchange of technical information; and visits by scientists, specialists, and graduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D. students. The MOU was renewed in January 2020 for another five years. Highlights of the progress and achievements are provided in identified topical areas for collaboration on ageing management guidance, storage, transportation and disposal R&D, joint conference activities, and conclude with the benefits of the MOU in fostering Argonne and BAM collaboration.
T2 - 26th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology - SMiRT 26
CY - Potsdam, Germany
DA - 10.07.2022
KW - Nuclear fuel cycle
KW - Back end
KW - Spent fuel performance
KW - Storage
KW - Transportation
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55862
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
T1 - ToF-SIMS at advanced materials - from nano to energy
N2 - The basic principles of ToF-SIMS will be explained. Examples of the use of ToF-SIMS for the investigation of titania and core-shell nanoplastic will be given. Furhtermore, 3d reconstruction is explained for nanoparticle research and energy-related materials.
T2 - BUA Summer School Mass Spectrometry
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 04.10.2022
KW - ToF-SIMS
KW - Nanomaterials
KW - Imaging
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55897
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Jaunich, Matthias
T1 - Investigations at BAM on Fuel Cladding Integrity and DPC Seal Performance
N2 - The presentation provides an update on preliminary results from research projects in the area of long term performance of metal seals and fuel rod integrity as safety relevant components of spent fuel transport and storage casks for spent nuclear fuel.
T2 - Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP) winter meeting 2022
CY - Charlotte, NC, USA
DA - 07.11.2022
KW - Metal seal
KW - Fuel cladding
KW - Ring compression test
KW - Brittle failure
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56400
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sachse, René
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Kraehnert, R.
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
T1 - Multilevel effective material approximation for modeling ellipsometric measurements on complex porous thin films
N2 - Catalysts are important components in chemical processes because they lower the activation energy and thus determine the rate, efficiency and selectivity of a chemical reaction. This property plays an important role in many of today’s processes, including the electrochemical splitting of water. Due to the continuous development of catalyst materials, they are becoming more complex, which makes a reliable evaluation of physicochemical properties challenging even for modern analytical measurement techniques and industrial manufacturing.
We present a fast, vacuum-free and non-destructive analytical approach using multi-sample spectroscopic ellipsometry to determine relevant material parameters such as film thickness, porosity and composition of mesoporous IrOx–TiOy films. Mesoporous IrOx–TiOy films were deposited on Si wafers by sol–gel synthesis, varying the composition of the mixed oxide films between 0 and 100 wt%Ir. The ellipsometric modeling is based on an anisotropic Bruggeman effective medium approximation (a-BEMA) to determine the film thickness and volume fraction of the material and pores. The volume fraction of the material was again modeled using a Bruggeman EMA to determine the chemical composition of the materials. The ellipsometric fitting results were compared with complementary methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) as well as environmental ellipsometric porosimetry (EEP).
KW - Electrochemical catalysts
KW - Mixed metal oxide
KW - Multi-sample analysis
KW - Spectroscopic ellipsometry
KW - Thin mesoporous films
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-551026
DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/aot-2022-0007
SN - 2192-8584
SN - 2192-8576
VL - 11
IS - 3-4 (Topical issue: Ellipsometry)
SP - 137
EP - 147
PB - De Gruyter
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-55102
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zaghdoudi, Maha
A1 - Kömmling, Anja
A1 - Jaunich, Matthias
A1 - Wolff, Dietmar
T1 - Oxidative ageing of elastomers: Experiment and modelling
N2 - During an extensive test programme at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung, material property changes of EPDM O-rings were investigated at different ageing times and two ageing temperatures of 125∘C and 150∘C. To exclude possible diffusion-limited oxidation (DLO) effects that can distort the data, IRHD microhardness measurements were taken over the cross section of compressed O-rings. Continuous stress relaxation measurements were taken on samples free of DLO effects. The additional effect of physical processes to irreversible chemical ones during a long-term thermal exposure is quantified by the analysis of compression set measurements under various test conditions. By combining the different experimental methods, characteristic times relative to the degradation processes were determined. On the basis of experimental data, a microphysically motivated model that takes into account reversible and irreversible processes was developed. The parameter identification strategy of the material model is based on our experimental investigations on homogeneously aged elastomer O-rings. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experiments.
KW - Compression stress relaxation
KW - Compression set
KW - IRHD microhardness
KW - Modelling
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545910
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-022-01093-9
SN - 1432-0959
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-54591
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zhang, Z.
A1 - Dong, K.
A1 - Mazzio, K. A.
A1 - Hilger, A.
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Wilde, F.
A1 - Heinemann, T.
A1 - Manke, I.
A1 - Adelhelm, P.
T1 - Phase transformation and microstructural evolution of CuS electrodes in solid-state batteries probed by in situ 3D X-ray tomography
N2 - Copper sulfide shows some unique physico-chemical properties that make it appealing as a cathode active material (CAM) for solid-state batteries (SSBs). The most peculiar feature of the electrode reaction is the reversible formation of μm-sized Cu crystals during cycling, despite its large theoretical volume change (75%). Here, the dynamic microstructural evolution of CuS cathodes in SSBs is studied using in situ synchrotron X-ray tomography. The formation of μm-sized Cu within the CAM particles can be clearly followed. This process is accompanied by crack formation that can be prevented by increasing the stack pressure from 26 to 40 MPa. Both the Cu inclusions and cracks show a preferential orientation perpendicular to the cell stack pressure, which can be a result of a z-oriented expansion of the CAM particles during lithiation. In addition, cycling leads to a z-oriented reversible displacement of the cathode
pellet, which is linked to the plating/stripping of the Li counter electrode. The pronounced structural changes cause pressure changes of up to 6 MPa within the cell, as determined by operando stack pressure measurements. Reasons for the reversibility of the electrode reaction are discussed and are attributed to the favorable combination of soft materials.
KW - Copper sulfide
KW - Crack evolution
KW - Digital volume correlation
KW - Phase transformation
KW - Solid-state batteries
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-564577
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202203143
IS - 2203143
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-56457
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bresch, Sophie
T1 - Thermoelectric multilayer generators: development from oxide powder to demonstrator
N2 - Thermoelectric generators can be used for energy harvesting by directly transforming a temperature gradient into a voltage. Multilayer generators based on ceramic multilayer technology are an interesting alternative to conventional π-type generators. They exhibit several advantages like high filling factor, possibility of texturing, co-firing of all materials in one single-step, and reduction of production costs due to the high possible degree of automation. But, co-firing of promising oxide thermoelectric materials, Ca3Co4O9 (p-type) and CaMnO3 (n-type), is very challenging due to the large difference in sintering temperature (300 K).
In this work we show the material development of Ca3Co4O9, CaMnO3, and insulation for multilayer generators co-fired under uniaxial pressure at 900 °C. The materials are tailored regarding their sintering behavior, electrical performance and coefficients of thermal expansion. Tape-casting and pressure assisted sintering are applied to fabricate textured Ca3Co4O9. Compared to conventional sintering, pressure assisted sintering increases the strength by the factor 10 and the power factor by the factor of 20. The combination of sintering additives and uniaxial pressure is used to decrease the sintering temperature of CaMnO3 to 900 °C while maintaining acceptable thermoelectric properties.
Different generator designs (unileg and pn-type) were fabricated and analyzed regarding microstructure and thermoelectric performance. A lower level of complexity is beneficial for co-firing and performance. The unileg demonstrators reach 80% of the simulated output power and the power output is highly reproducible between the different demonstrators (99%).
T2 - Ceramics in Europe 2022
CY - Krakow, Poland
DA - 10.07.2022
KW - Thermoelectrics
KW - Multilayer technology
KW - Co-firing
KW - Texture
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55357
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Stargardt, Patrick
T1 - Comparison of design concepts for ceramic oxide thermoelectric multilayer generators
N2 - Multilayer thermoelectric generators are a promising perspective to the conventional π-type generators. Ceramic multilayer technology is well established for production of microelectronics and piezo-stacks. Key features of ceramic multilayer technology are full-automation, cost-effectiveness, and the co-firing of all materials in one single step. This requires similar sintering temperatures of all used materials. The development of multilayer thermoelectric generators is a subject of current research due to the advantages of this technology. One of the challenges is the compatibility of the different materials with respect to the specific design.
The presented study compares three different designs of multilayer generators based on a given set of material properties. Dualleg, unileg and transverse multilayer generators are compared to conventional π-type generators., the designs are evaluated regarding the expected maximum output power and power density using analytical calculations and FEM simulations. Additionally, the complexity of the production process and material requirements are assessed and design optimizations to simplify production are discussed.
Besides the theoretical aspects, unileg multilayer generator prototypes were produced by tape-casting and pressure-assisted sintering. These prototypes are compared to other multilayer generators from literature regarding the power factors of the used material system and the power density. Improvements of the power output by design optimizations are discussed
T2 - 18th European Conference on Thermoelectrics
CY - Barcelona, Spain
DA - 13.09.2022
KW - Thermoelectric oxides
KW - Thermoelectric generator design
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55820
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kömmling, Anja
A1 - Grelle, Tobias
A1 - Jaunich, Matthias
A1 - Goral, Milan
A1 - Wolff, Dietmar
T1 - Three-dimensional thermal expansion of neat and irradiated (U)HMWPE materials at elevated temperatures
N2 - The thermal expansion of polymeric parts can be an issue in many applications where the available space is limited, or exact dimensions of the part are required. For this study, a device was designed and built that allowed measuring the thermal expansion simultaneously in all three spatial directions on cubic samples with real-scale dimensions (78 mm edge length). The results are shown between 25 °C and 125 °C for two PE materials, one HMWPE and one tempered UHMWPE, for non-irradiated samples as well as cubes that have been irradiated with 100 and 400 kGy. The results measured with the new device were very similar to those measured with conventional thermo-mechanical analysis equipment and to literature data of UHMWPE. The HMWPE material shows a much larger thermal expansion coefficient in one direction compared to the other two directions during the first heating due to frozen stresses from the pressing step during material manufacturing. These stresses are mostly released by the expansion during the first heating, so that the expansion during the second heating is more uniform. The overall volumetric expansion is the same for both heating runs. By contrast, the tempered UHMWPE material shows no significant difference between first and second heating run, as the stresses from processing could already relax in the tempering step. The irradiation treatment does not affect the values significantly for the given test set-up.
KW - Lupolen
KW - Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
KW - GUR
KW - Coefficient of thermal expansion
KW - High temperature
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563987
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107841
SN - 0142-9418
VL - 117
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-56398
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bresch, Sophie
A1 - Mieller, Björn
A1 - Moos, R.
A1 - Rabe, Torsten
T1 - Lowering the sintering temperature of calcium manganate for thermoelectric applications
N2 - This study combines three different approaches to lower the sintering temperature of Sm-doped CaMnO3 to save energy in production and facilitate co-firing with other low-firing oxides or metallization. The surface energy of the powder was increased by fine milling, sintering kinetics were enhanced by additives, and uniaxial pressure during sintering was applied. The shrinkage, density, microstructure, and thermoelectric properties were evaluated. Compared to micro-sized powder, the use of finely ground powder allows us to lower the sintering temperature by 150 K without reduction of the power factor. By screening the effect of various common additives on linear shrinkage of CaMnO3 after sintering at 1100 ○C for 2 h, CuO is identified as the most effective additive. Densification at sintering temperatures below 1000 ○C can be significantly increased by pressure-assisted sintering. The power factor at room temperature of CaMnO3 nano-powder sintered at 1250 ○C was 445 μW/(m K2). Sintering at 1100 ○C reduced the power factor to 130 μW/(m K2) for CaMnO3 nano-powder, while addition of 4 wt.% CuO to the same powder led to ∼290 μW/(m K2). The combination of fine milling, CuO addition, and pressureassisted sintering at 950 ○C resulted in a power factor of ∼130 μW/(m K2). These results show that nano-sized powder and CuO addition are successful and recommendable strategies to produce CaMnO3 with competitive properties at significantly reduced temperatures and dwell times.
KW - Sintering additive
KW - Liquid phase sintering
KW - Pressure assisted sintering
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555467
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0098015
SN - 2158-3226
VL - 12
IS - 8
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - American Institute of Physics (AIP)
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-55546
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kardjilov, N.
T1 - Quantification of hydrogen in metals applying neutron imaging techniques
N2 - Hydrogen interaction with metals is well known to have severe detrimental effects on their mechanical properties. The use of modern high-strength steels, which are attractive to improve fuel economy by reducing weight as well as candidates for H storage cylinders and other components, is currently being severely limited by the fact that the presence of H can cause embrittlement of the material. In addition to steel, several other metals and alloys used in the nuclear industry, like Ti and Zr, are susceptible to H degradation through hydride formation and subsequent cracking.
Microstructure-specific H mapping has been recognized as the most important challenge on the pathway towards a better understanding of the nature of H embrittlement in metallic alloys as well as the development of H storage solutions based on metal hydrides. Unfortunately, the characterization of H interactions with metals is an extremely challenging task and neutron-based techniques are of exceptional importance in this matter because – contrary to X-rays and electrons – thermal and cold neutrons interact strongly with the H nuclei, while the neutron beam is only weakly attenuated by the relevant metallic materials. Therefore, hydrogen distributions can be measured and quantified even in 3D by tomographic methods.
Here we present several neutron imaging investigations of embrittlement and cracking in Fe and Zr based metal alloys and optimization studies of hydrogen storage systems containing metal hydrides as an active substance. The advantages and the limitations of the experimental methods as well as the attempts for hydrogen quantification will be discussed in detail.
T2 - M&M 2022 Annual Meeting (Microscopy & Microanalysis)
CY - Portland, Oregon, USA
DA - 31.07.2022
KW - Neutron imaging techniques
KW - Hydrogen in metals
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927622006638
AN - OPUS4-55716
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jankuj, V.
A1 - Spitzer, Stefan
A1 - Krietsch, Arne
A1 - Bernatik, A.
T1 - Safety of Alternative Energy Sources: a Review
N2 - The article summarizes a short review of the literature focused on safety in the field of alternative energy sources. With an increasing orientation towards sustainable and renewable energy sources, new technologies will come to the fore. These facts must be demonstrated in occupational health and safety. Several studies focused on alternative energy sources are mentioned and show the trends for the future. Especially in the area of hydrogen and battery technologies, systems should pay attention to acquisitions as a normal part of our lives.
Safety research is essential for the acceptance of cleaner, efficient, and sustainable future.
T2 - Loss Prevention
CY - Prag, Czechia
DA - 06.06.2022
KW - Safety
KW - Alternative Energy Sources
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET2290020
SN - 2283-9216
VL - 90
SP - 115
EP - 120
PB - AIDIC
CY - Milano
AN - OPUS4-55030
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Markötter, Henning
T1 - Synchrotron X-Ray Tomography Techniques at BAMline
N2 - A recent upgrade of key equipment of the BAMline widens its imaging capabilities: shorter scan acquisition times are now possible, in situ and operando studies can now be routinely performed, and different energy spectra can easily be set up. In fact, the upgraded double-multilayer monochromator brings full flexibility by yielding different energy spectra to optimize flux and energy resolution as desired.
T2 - HZB User Meeting
CY - Online meeting
DA - 08.12.2022
KW - BAMline
KW - X-ray imaging
KW - Tomography
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56568
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hoffmann, H
A1 - Paulisch, M C
A1 - Gebhard, M
A1 - Osiewacz, J
A1 - Kutter, M
A1 - Hilger, A
A1 - Arlt, T
A1 - Kardjilov, N
A1 - Ellendorff, B
A1 - Beckmann, F
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Luik, M
A1 - Turek, T
A1 - Manke, I
A1 - Roth, C
T1 - Development of a Modular Operando Cell for X-ray Imaging of Strongly Absorbing Silver-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes
N2 - Metal-based gas diffusion electrodes are utilized in chlor-alkali electrolysis or electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, allowing the reaction to proceed at high current densities. In contrast to planar electrodes and predominantly 2D designs, the industrially required high current densities can be achieved by intense contact between the gas and liquid phase with the catalytically active surfaces. An essential asset for the knowledge-based design of tailored electrodes is therefore in-depth information on electrolyte distribution and intrusion into the electrode’s porous structure. Lab-based and synchrotron radiography allow for monitoring this process operando. Herein, we describe the development of a cell design that can be modularly adapted and successfully used to monitor both the oxygen reduction reaction and the electrochemical reduction of CO2 as exemplary and currently very relevant examples of gas-liquid reactions by only minor modifications to the cell set-up. With the reported cell design, we were able to observe the electrolyte distribution within the gas diffusion electrode during cell operation in realistic
conditions.
KW - X-Ray imaging
KW - Gas diffusion electrodes
KW - Operando cell
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac6220
VL - 169
IS - 4
SP - 044508
PB - IOP science
AN - OPUS4-55027
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Zaghdoudi, Maha
A1 - Weber, Mike
A1 - Kömmling, Anja
A1 - Jaunich, Matthias
A1 - Wolff, Dietmar
T1 - Simulation of compression set of epdm o-rings during aging
N2 - It is common practice in the application of finite element analysis to model compression set (CS) of elastomers during aging with two different material models according to the two-network theory of Tobolsky. The theory relies on the existence of two networks. The first one represents the original network after vulcanization and is sensitive to chain scission. The second network accounts for the formation of additional crosslinking during aging. Besides the use of user subroutines to describe the two-network model, an element overlay technique is also needed as the full set of both material behaviors did not exist for assignment to a single element. This element overlay technique is valuable for research and developmental purposes but makes extension to industrial usage quite challenging. Our goal is to simulate the CS of elastomers after long-term aging in a commercial finite element software with no need for extra subroutine codes or mesh superposition.
Ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) O-rings were aged in a compressed state at 75 °C, 100 °C, 125 °C and 150 °C for up to 183 days. Investigations of the experimental test results were used to identify material models and their parameters to develop a finite element model to simulate CS. The model was implemented in the finite element software ABAQUS/Standard® with a sequential temperature-displacement coupling.
Regarding the influence of temperature, the Arrhenius equation is adopted for the time-temperature relationship. The activation energy value that is required for the simulation is firstly determined from shifting the experimental CS results with the time-temperature superposition technique and plotting the shift factors in an Arrhenius diagram. The experiments were compared with the simulation results. Afterwards different activation energies were used in the simulation and discussed. A suitable choice of the activation energy value with regard to the reference temperature and the test temperature is presented. With the chosen activation energies, the match between numerical CS values after long-term aging and the experimental results was improved.
T2 - ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference
CY - Las Vegas, USA
DA - 17.07.2022
KW - Simulation
KW - Compression set
KW - EPDM
KW - Aging
PY - 2022
SP - 1
EP - 9
AN - OPUS4-57370
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
T1 - Chemical and structural changes at the surface of titanium materials upon irradiation with near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses
N2 - Due to its large strength-to-weight ratio and excellent biocompatibility, titanium materials are of paramount importance for medical applications, e.g. as implant material for protheses. In this work, the evolution of various types of laser-induced micro- and nanostructures emerging on titanium or titanium alloys upon irradiation by near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses (925 fs, 1030 nm) in air environment is studied for various laser fluence levels, effective number of pulses and at different pulse repetition rates (1 – 400 kHz). The morphologies of the processed surfaces were systematically characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy (OM, SEM). Complementary white-light interference microscopy (WLIM) revealed the corresponding surface topographies. Chemical and structural changes were analysed through depth-profiling time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The results point towards a remarkable influence of the laser processing parameters on the surface topography, while simultaneously altering the near-surface chemistry via laser-induced oxidation effects. Consequences for medical applications are outlined.
T2 - E-MRS Spring Meeting 2022
CY - Online meeting
DA - 30.05.2022
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Surface functionalization
KW - ToF-SIMS
KW - Chemical analysis
KW - Titanium
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54931
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Liu, Yung
A1 - Völzke, Holger
A1 - Zencker, Uwe
A1 - Jaunich, Matthias
T1 - Cooperation in Advanced Technologies Associated with the Back End of Nuclear Fuel Cycle
N2 - A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) and the German Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) was signed in October 2014. Its objectives are to promote cooperation among scientists and specialists at Argonne and BAM and establish a framework for collaboration in advanced technologies associated with the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle. Collaborative activities involving Argonne and BAM may be implemented through the promotion of joint research activities and scientific workshops and conferences; exchange of technical information; and visits by scientists, specialists, and graduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D. students. The MOU was renewed in January 2020 for another five years. Highlights of the progress and achievements are provided in identified topical areas for collaboration on ageing management guidance, storage, transportation and disposal R&D, joint conference activities, and conclude with the benefits of the MOU in fostering Argonne and BAM collaboration.
T2 - 26th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology - SMiRT 26
CY - Potsdam, Germany
DA - 10.07.2022
KW - Nuclear fuel cycle
KW - Back end
KW - Spent fuel performance
KW - Storage
KW - Transportation
PY - 2022
SP - 1
EP - 10
AN - OPUS4-55861
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Kai
T1 - ToF-SIMS as a new tool for nano-scale investigation of ps-laser generated surface structures on Titanium substrates
N2 - The fabrication of laser-generated surface structures on titanium and titanium alloys has recently gained remarkable interests, being technologically relevant for applications in optics, medicine, fluid transport, tribology, and wetting of surfaces. The morphology of these structures, and so their chemistry, is influenced by the different laser processing parameters such as the laser fluence, wavelength, pulse repetition rate, the effective number of laser pulses per beam spot area, etc. A simple way to characterize laser-generated surface structures is by means of optical microscopy (OM) or white light interference microscopy (WLIM). The latter can address the surface topography, while having a lateral resolution limit of ~(lambda)/2 (lambda = illumination wavelength). To resolve morphologies with spatial periods significantly smaller than (lambda)/2, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is often used, taking benefit of the reduced de Broglie wavelength associated to the electrons of several keV energy. However, all the above-mentioned techniques lack the necessary depth-resolution to reveal and quantify sub-surface material modifications of these laser-generated structures. Time-of-Flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) represents a promising surface analytical technique for studying laser-induced chemical surface alterations since the method combines a high surface sensitivity with the capability to perform a depth-profiling of the laser-affected surface zone. In this study we combine WLIM and high-resolution SEM with ToF-SIMS to fully characterize the evolution of various types of laser-generated micro- and nanostructures formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloys upon irradiation by near infrared ultrashort laser pulses (1030 nm, 925 fs) at different laser fluence levels, effective number of pulses, and at different pulse repetition rates (1 – 400 kHz). We show how this combined surface analytical approach allows to evaluate alterations in the surface chemistry and topography of the laser-generated surface structures depending on the laser processing parameters
T2 - ECASIA 2022
CY - Limerick, Ireland
DA - 29.05.2022
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures
KW - Time of Flight - Secondary ion mass spectrometry
KW - White light interferometric microscopy
KW - Titanium alloy
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54992
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmidt, Anita
T1 - Neuartige Akku‘s/Batterien – Inhaltsstoffe und Reaktionsprodukte
N2 - Die Inhaltsstoffe von Batterien sowie die Reaktionsprodukte beim Thermischen Durchgehen werden vorgestellt.
T2 - 28. Sitzung der BfR-Kommission „Bewertung von Vergiftungen
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 04.04.2022
KW - Lithiumbatterien
KW - Inhaltsstoffe
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56755
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bruna, F. G.
A1 - Prokop, M.
A1 - Bystron, T.
A1 - Loukrakpam, R.
A1 - Melke, J.
A1 - Lobo, C. M. S.
A1 - Fink, M.
A1 - Zhu, M.
A1 - Voloshina, E.
A1 - Kutter, M.
A1 - Hoffmann, H.
A1 - Yusenko, Kirill
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Röder, B.
A1 - Bouzek, K.
A1 - Paulus, B.
A1 - Roth, C.
T1 - Following adsorbed intermediates on a platinum gas diffusion electrode in H3PO3‑containing electrolytes using in situ X‑ray absorption spectroscopy
N2 - One of the challenges of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is the poisoning of the Pt catalyst with H3PO4. H3PO4 is imbibed into the routinely used polybenzimidazole-based membranes, which facilitate proton conductivity in the temperature range of 120−200 °C. However, when leached out of the membrane by water produced during operation, H3PO4 adsorbs on the Pt catalyst surface, blocking the active sites and hindering the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
The reduction of H3PO4 to H3PO3, which occurs at the anode due to a combination of a low potential and the presence of gaseous H2, has been investigated as an additional important contributing factor to the observed poisoning effect. H3PO3 has an affinity toward adsorption on Pt surfaces even greater than that of H2PO4 −. In this work, we investigated the poisoning effect of both H3PO3 and H3PO4 using a half-cell setup with a gas diffusion electrode under ambient conditions. By means of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it was possible to follow the signature of different species adsorbed on the Pt nanoparticle catalyst (H, O, H2PO4 −, and H3PO3) at different potentials under ORR conditions in various electrolytes (HClO4, H3PO4, and H3PO3). It was found that H3PO3 adsorbs in a pyramidal configuration P(OH)3 through a Pt−P bond. The competition between H3PO4 and H3PO3 adsorption was studied, which should allow for a better understanding of the catalyst poisoning mechanism and thus assist in the development of strategies to mitigate this phenomenon in the future by minimizing H3PO3 generation by, for example, improved catalyst design or adapted operation conditions or changes in the electrolyte composition.
KW - H3PO4 life cycle
KW - XAS
KW - In situ coupling
KW - High-temperature fuel cells
KW - Δμ XANES
KW - H3PO3
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.2c02630
SN - 2155-5435
VL - 12
IS - 18
SP - 11472
EP - 11484
PB - ACS
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-55815
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Holtappels, Kai
T1 - Aufbau einer Testinfrastruktur für Wasserstoffsicherheit in Südbrandenburg
N2 - Im Rahmen des 6. Lausitzer Netzwerktreffens DurcH2atmen hat die BAM das Kompetenzzentrum H2Safety sowie aktuell drei große Projekte zur Schaffung einer Testinfrastruktur auf dem BAM TTS vorgestellt. Es handelt sich hierbei um die vom BMWK geförderten Projekte ModuH2Pipe (Modulare Pipelineanlage zur Untersuchung sicherheitstechnischer Fragestellungen beim Transport von Wasserstoff und Wasserstoff/Erdgasgemischen in Pipeline) und QI Digital "Usecase" Wasserstofftankstelle" sowie den Aufbau einer Höchstdruckinfrastruktur für die Bereitstellung von 1000 bar Wasserstoff in einem 5 m³-Behälter inkl. Peripherie.
T2 - Lausitzer Netzwerktreffen DurcH2atmen
CY - Schipkau, Germany
DA - 22.06.2022
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - Testinfrastruktur
KW - ModuH2Pipe
KW - Modulare Pipelineanlage
KW - QI Digital
KW - Wasserstofftankstelle
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55137
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Eberwein, Robert
T1 - Systems With Cryogenic Liquefied Gases In Fire-Incidents
N2 - The volumetric energy density of a gas can be increased by liquefaction, which occurs when the gas is cooled below the saturation point. Liquefied gases of great importance to the energy transition are Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), which can be liquefied at temperatures below 160°C. Systems for storing these gases typically must be overpressure resistant and require thermal super insulations (TSI) to hold cryogenic conditions and minimize boil-off losses from evaporation. TSI with vacuum and MLI or perlites are suitable for many applications involving LNG and LH2. Such systems are typically double-walled structures where the inner wall is in contact with the cryogenic liquefied gas. MLI or perlites are located in the gap between the inner and the outer wall, that is kept under vacuum conditions. This combination of insulations strongly reduces the heat transfer between the environment and the cryogenic liquefied gas. From an economic point of view the systems are well sophisticated. However, knowledge of the behavior of this kind of systems in a typical event such as a fire is limited, but necessary to evaluate the safety of the increasing number of applications.
The objective of the research is to determine how TSI behaves at different fire temperatures during fire exposure and afterwards. Special attention is paid to changes in the heat flux, the material properties and vacuum state over time. For this purpose, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies have been carried out. In addition, a test rig was developed that allows testing of TSI at temperatures up to 1000°C under realistic integration conditions and subsequent analysis of the TSI samples. In the test rig the double-wall with vacuum and MLI or perlites inside is simulated. The fire conditions are simulated on one side of the double-wall by adjustable electrical heating elements. This process allows the implementation of repeatable heat flows of up to 100 kW/m². On the other side of the double-wall, cold or cryogenic conditions are simulated with a heat exchanger through which water or the vapor of liquid nitrogen (approx. -196°C) flows. The heat exchanger is also used to determine the heat flux through the double-wall. Thus, the test rig allows thermal loading and performance analysis of TSI samples at the same time.
Compared to tests with real cryogenic systems, tests with this experimental setup have the advantage that, first, the instrumentation is easier to realize, and a higher repeatability is ensured. Second, the local heat flow can be determined over time, and the sample of a TSI can be taken non-destructively and thus analyzed. Third, the tests are less risky as well as time+ and material intensive, so that more tests and variants can be investigated with the same budget.
Preliminary results obtained considering several types of MLI under vacuum show that all observed typs of MLI can be damaged under strong thermal loading. The damages observed were outgassing, melting, shrinkage, cracking, lump formation, and concomitant local loss of the MLI's function as a radiation shield. However, the study also shows that a damage does not always have an extreme effect on the insulating performance.
T2 - IMECE2022
CY - Columbus, Ohio, USA
DA - 30.10.2022
KW - LH2
KW - LNG
KW - Safety
KW - Insulation
KW - Tank
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56445
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
T1 - Sensoren und Analytik für Sicherheit und Prozesskontrolle in Wasserstofftechnologien
N2 - Der Beitrag beinhaltet Themen vom H2Safety@BAM-Kompetenzfeld Sensorik, Analytik und zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien (SensRef) mit Fokus auf Mess- und Prüfverfahren mit verschiedenen Sensortechnologien und Ultraschallwellen:
Metrologie zur Wasserstoffspeicherung - Euramet-Vorhaben "MefHySto",
Erkennung von freigesetztem Wasserstoff sowie die Bestimmung des Wasserstoff-Luftverhälntisses mit Gassensoren, zerstörungsfreie Fehlstellenerkennung mit integriertem Zustandsüberwachungssystem basierend auf geführten Ultraschallwellen zur Lebensdauerüberwachung von Composite-Behältern (Wasserstoffspeicher) sowie faseroptische Sensorik zur Schadenfrüherkennung von Wasserstoffspeichern aufgrund erkennbarer Dehnungsänderungen an Druckbehältern.
T2 - DVGW Kongress H2 Sicherheit
CY - Online meeting
DA - 23.11.2022
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - SensRef
KW - Faseroptische Sensorik
KW - Gassensorik
KW - Geführte Ultraschallwellen
KW - Leckdetektion
KW - Metrologie zur Wasserstoffspeicherung
KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
KW - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56683
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Solberg, S.
A1 - Zimmermann, P.
A1 - Wilhelmsen, Ø.
A1 - Lamb, J.
A1 - Bock, Robert
A1 - Burheim, O.
T1 - Heat to Hydrogen by Reverse Electrodialysis—Using a Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Model to Evaluate Hydrogen Production Concepts Utilising Waste Heat
N2 - The reverse electrodialysis heat engine (REDHE) is a promising salinity gradient energy technology, capable of producing hydrogen with an input of waste heat at temperatures below 100 °C. A salinity gradient drives water electrolysis in the reverse electrodialysis (RED) cell, and spent solutions are regenerated using waste heat in a precipitation or evaporation unit. This work presents a non-equilibrium thermodynamics model for the RED cell, and the hydrogen production is investigated for KCl/water solutions. The results show that the evaporation concept requires 40 times less waste heat and produces three times more hydrogen than the precipitation concept. With commercial evaporation technology, a system efficiency of 2% is obtained, with a hydrogen production rate of 0.38 gH2 m−2h−1 and a waste heat requirement of 1.7 kWh g−1H2. The water transference coefficient and the salt diffusion coefficient are identified as membrane properties with a large negative impact on hydrogen production and system efficiency. Each unit of the water transference coefficient in the range tw=[0–10] causes a −7 mV decrease in unit cell electric potential, and a −0.3% decrease in system efficiency. Increasing the membrane salt diffusion coefficient from 10−12 to 10−11 leads to the system efficiency decreasing from 2% to 0.6%
KW - Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Waste heat
KW - RED
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556677
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15166011
VL - 15
IS - 16
SP - 6011
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-55667
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Mair, Georg W.
A1 - Günzel, Stephan
T1 - The maximum acceptable consequence limit as a control instrument
N2 - The presentation starts with the first agreement of making a national attempt for the introduction of a pV-limit for hydrogen transport. It explains aspects of the technical development, provides an impression of catastrophic incidents, and explains the difference between risk control and consequence limitation. Then the process of determining consequences and the result from the discussion at the UN-WG are explained. The next part summarises the approach for counting the number of impacted persons as a function of the model of pressure wave, the pressure peak, the limits of injured persons and the population density. Finally, the latest state of the discussion and the subsequent recommendations for a pV-value and the adequate phrases for explanation are introduced.
T2 - 29th BAM-DIN-IGV-DVFG-Meeting
CY - Online meeting
DA - 23.02.2022
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Pressure recepacles
KW - Consequence limit
KW - Risk control
KW - Population density
KW - Pressure wave
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54608
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmidt, Anita
T1 - Lithiumbatterien: Anforderungen für die Beförderung von beschädigten Batterien und Überblick über die UN TDG Arbeitsgruppe zur gefahrenbasierten Klassifizierung
N2 - Lithiumbatterien: Anforderungen für die Beförderung von beschädigten Batterien und Überblick über die UN TDG Arbeitsgruppe zur gefahrenbasierten Klassifizierung BAM ist beteiligt in den Arbeitsgruppen und stellt eigene Prüfergebnisse vor.
T2 - IAA 2022 Transportation, Gefahrguttag des BMDV, "Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Gefahrgutrecht und Erhöhung der Sicherheit von Gefahrgutfahrzeugen"
CY - Hannover, Germany
DA - 21.09.2022
KW - Lithiumbatterien
KW - Energiespeicher
KW - UN TDG Lithiumbatterien
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56742
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander
T1 - Investigation of degradation of the aluminum current collector in lithium-ion batteries by glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy
N2 - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one technology to overcome the challenges of climate and energy crisis. They are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, or as storage for renewable energy sources. However, despite innovations in batteries' components like cathode and anode materials, separators, and electrolytes, the aging mechanism related to metallic aluminum current collector degradation causes a significant drop in their performance and prevents the durable use of LIBs. Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) is a powerful method for depth-profiling of batteries' electrode materials. This work investigates aging-induced aluminum deposition on commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries' cathodes. The results illustrate the depth-resolved elemental distribution from the cathode surface to the current collector. An accumulation of aluminum is found on the cathode surface by GD-OES, consistent with results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) combined with focused ion beam (FIB) cutting. In comparison to FIB-EDX, GD-OES allows a fast and manageable depth-profiling. Results from different positions on an aged cathode indicate an inhomogeneous aluminum film growth on the surface. The conclusions from these experiments can lead to a better understanding of the degradation of the aluminum current collector, thus leading to higher lifetimes of LIBs.
T2 - Adlershofer Forschungsforum 2022
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 11.11.2022
KW - Lithium Ion Batteries
KW - GD-OES
KW - FIB
KW - SEM
KW - EDX
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56246
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Morcillo, Dalia
T1 - High-resolution absorption isotopic spectrometry as a tool for aging studies of Li-ion batteries
N2 - Lithium (Li) is the key element in the manufacturing of batteries. Isotopic study of Li may help to identify the causes of battery aging due to isotopic fractionation during charge/discharge cycles.
Isotopic ratio determination is based on monitoring the isotopic components of lithium by their spin-orbit coupling and its isotopic shift of about 15 pm for the 22P←22S electronic transition around 670.788 nm. In this work, we propose improvements to our previous work [1] by using a higher-resolution double echelle modular spectrometer (HR-DEMON II) coupled to a continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (HR-CS-GF-AAS) for the isotopic analysis of Li.
The data analysis was carried out by using a decision-tree-based ensemble machine learning (ML) algorithm (XGBoost). A set of samples with 6Li isotope amount fractions ranging from 0.0004 to 0.99 mol mol-1 was used for the algorithm's training. Subsequently, the procedure was validated by a set of stock chemicals (Li2CO3, LiNO3, LiCl, and LiOH) and a BAM candidate reference material, a cathode material (NMC111). Finally, the ML model was applied to determine the isotope ratio of geological samples, including anorthosite, granite, soil, rhyolite, nepheline syenite, and basalt and battery samples. These samples were measured as digested without any further purification step.
Improvements in the optical resolution resolve the lithium isotopic components of the atomic spectra. In the studied geological samples, were found δ7Li values between -0.5 and 4.5 ‰ with a precision range of 1 to 2 ‰. In addition, the proposed method was validated with multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), and these results are comparable and compatible.
T2 - Caltech-BAM Meeting
CY - Online meeting
DA - 10.08.2022
KW - Lithium isotope
KW - Machine learning
KW - Battery
KW - High-resolution absorption isotopic spectrometry
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56380
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander
T1 - Investigation of degradation of the aluminum current collector in lithium-ion batteries by GD-OES
N2 - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one technology to overcome the challenges of climate and energy crisis. They are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, or as storage for renewable energy sources. However, despite innovations in batteries' components like cathode and anode materials, separators, and electrolytes, the aging mechanism related to metallic aluminum current collector degradation causes a significant drop in their performance and prevents the durable use of LIBs. Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) is a powerful method for depth-profiling of batteries' electrode materials. This work investigates aging-induced aluminum deposition on commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries' cathodes. The results illustrate the depth-resolved elemental distribution from the cathode surface to the current collector. An accumulation of aluminum is found on the cathode surface by GD-OES, consistent with results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) combined with focused ion beam (FIB) cutting. In comparison to FIB-EDX, GD-OES allows a fast and manageable depth-profiling. Results from different positions on an aged cathode indicate an inhomogeneous aluminum film growth on the surface. The conclusions from these experiments can lead to a better understanding of the degradation of the aluminum current collector, thus leading to higher lifetimes of LIBs.
T2 - Empa Group Meeting
CY - Dübendorf, Switzerland
DA - 22.11.2022
KW - Lithium Ion Batteries
KW - GD-OES
KW - FIB
KW - SEM
KW - EDX
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56584
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Theiler, Geraldine
T1 - Fretting wear of elastomer materials in hydrogen
N2 - This paper presents an experimental study on the fretting wear behavior of two types of cross-linked hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers against 316L steel ball in hydrogen environment. Furthermore, aging experiments were conducted for 7 days under static conditions in 100 MPa hydrogen. The influences of hydrogen pressure as well as the aging exposure on the fretting behavior are discussed by means of surface analyses and well as material properties.
T2 - WHEC-2022, 23rd World Hydrogen Energy Conference
CY - Istanbul, Turkey
DA - 26.06.2022
KW - Rubbers
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Fretting
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-62086
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Drexler, A
A1 - Konert, Florian
A1 - Sobol, Oded
A1 - Rhode, Michael
A1 - Domitner, J
A1 - Sommitsch, C
A1 - Böllinghaus, Thomas
T1 - Enhanced gaseous hydrogen solubility in ferritic and martensitic steels at low temperatures
N2 - Metals that are exposed to high pressure hydrogen gas may undergo detrimental failure by embrittlement. Understanding the mechanisms and driving forces of hydrogen absorption on the surface of metals is crucial for avoiding hydrogen embrittlement. In this study, the effect of stress-enhanced gaseous hydrogen uptake in bulk metals is investigated in detail. For that purpose, a generalized form of Sievert's law is derived from thermodynamic potentials considering the effect of microstructural trapping sites and multiaxial stresses. This new equation is parametrized and verified using experimental data for carbon steels, which were charged under gaseous hydrogen atmosphere at pressures up to 1000 bar. The role of microstructural trapping sites on the parameter identification is critically discussed.
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Thermodynamic modelling
KW - Pressure-dependent solubility
KW - Steel
KW - Trapping
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-559307
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.109
SN - 0360-3199
VL - 47
IS - 93
SP - 39639
EP - 39653
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-55930
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Askar, Enis
T1 - Challenges for hydrogen technologies - Activities of H2Safety@BAM
N2 - In this presentation the drivers for the rise of hydrogen technologies are outlined and main challenges for the market ramp-up are shown. Finally, the activities and capabilities of the competence center H2Safety@BAM are characterized and some of the current projects at BAM adressing the main challenges for hydrogen technologies are presented focussing on the hydrogen transport and infrastructure.
T2 - Wasserstoff-Dialog - Stakeholder-Konferenz des Wasserstoff-Kompass
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 10.10.2022
KW - Hydrogen strategy
KW - ModuH2Pipe
KW - Hydrogen transport
KW - Hydrogen infrastructure
KW - Liquid hydrogen (LH2)
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-57065
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Nietzke, Jonathan
T1 - Stainless Steels and Hydrogen Applications
N2 - The contribution was presented at the Stainless Steel World Conference 2022. The presentation shows the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of steel. Some test methods are shown and selected results are presented.
T2 - Stainless Steel World Conference 2022
CY - Maastricht, Netherlands
DA - 27.09.2022
KW - Gaseous hydrogen
KW - Hydrogen Embrittlement
KW - Hydrogen assisted cracking
KW - SSRT
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55913
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Sobol, Oded
T1 - Challenges with metallic materials in hydrogen technologies
N2 - The contribution was presented in the Joint European Summer School in Athens as part of several contributions from BAM in the field of hydrogen safety. These presentations are given in order to provide an overview about the activities of BAM as part of the competence center H2Safety@BAM
T2 - JOINT EUROPEAN SUMMER SCHOOL (JESS)
CY - Athens, Greece
DA - 12.09.2022
KW - Gaseous hydrogen
KW - Hydrogen Embrittlement
KW - Hydrogen assisted cracking
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55822
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kinne, Marko
A1 - Farhan, Muhammad
A1 - Schneider, Ronald
A1 - Thöns, Sebastian
T1 - Influence of the structural integrity management on the levelized cost of energy of offshore wind: a parametric sensitivity analysis
N2 - The levelized cost of energy (LCoE) is an important measure to quantify the macro-economic efficiency of an offshore wind farm and to enable a quantitative comparison with other types of energy production. The costs of the structural integrity management - which is required to ensure an adequate lifetime reliability of the turbine support structures - are part of the operational expenditures of an offshore wind farm. An optimization of the structural integrity management may reduce the operational expenditures and consequently the LCoE. However, the effect of the structural integrity management on the LCoE is hardly known. To investigate this effect, this paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the LCoE of a generic offshore wind farm. The probabilistic models of the parameters influencing the LCoE are based on a literature study including an explicit model for the structural integrity management.
The analysis reveals that LCoE may potentially be reduced if an optimization of the structural integrity management enables a service life extension.
T2 - International Probabilistic Workshop 2022
CY - Stellenbosch, South Africa
DA - 08.09.2022
KW - Structural integrity management
KW - Levelized cost of energy
KW - Sensitivity analysis
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572724
DO - https://doi.org/10.14311/APP.2022.36.0090
VL - 36
SP - 90
EP - 98
PB - Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings
AN - OPUS4-57272
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bock, Robert
T1 - Pilotprojekt Wasserstofftankstelle - Session 2: Verlässliche Wassertofftankstellen
N2 - Was ist QI?
Qualitätsinfrastruktur – Das Zusammenwirken von nationalen Institutionen im Bereich der Metrologie, Normung und Standardisierung, Akkreditierung, Konformitätsbewertung und Marktüberwachung, mit dem Ziel die Qualitätssicherung bei Produkten und Prozessen in Deutschland zu gewährleisten.
Unser Ziel ist es, unsere bewährte Qualitätsinfrastruktur (QI) noch besser zu machen und so einen Beitrag zur Lösung von sozioökonomischen, ökologischen und technologischen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit zu leisten. Eine der bedeutendsten technologischen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit ist die Digitalisierung. Die zentralen Akteure der deutschen QI wollen diese digitalisieren. Beteiligte Institutionen sind aktuell BAM (Konformitätsbewertungen in bestimmten Bereichen), DAKKS (Akkreditierung), DIN/DKE (Normung), PTB (Metrologie). Wir wollen also ein Reallabor errichten, das die Wertschöpfungskette einer Tankstelle abbildet, also eine Wasserstofftankstelle beinhaltet, die dann mit erweiterter Sensorik ausgestattet werden soll. Somit sollen digitale Prozesse abgebildet werden können sowie sensorgestützte Verfahren zur qualitätsgesicherten Datenerfassung und -auswertung genutzt werden. Diese gesammelten Daten sollen dann in eine Dateninfrastruktur eingehen und mithilfe eines Datenmanagementsystems sowie künstlicher Intelligenz in einem Digitalen Zwilling zusammenlaufen, der die digitale Prozessüberwachung der Sicherheit möglich macht. Schließlich sollen die in QI Digital entwickelten digitalen Strukturelemente der QI erprobt werden, insbesondere die QI Cloud, Smart Standards und digitalen Zertifikate. Im Zusammenspiel ermöglicht das unter anderem die Entwicklung von Predictive Maintenance Verfahren für:
1. die Optimierung von Wartungszyklen und Minimierung von Ausfallzeiten
Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit durch frühzeitige Identifikation kritischer Zustände im Gesamtsystem
2. Entwicklung verlässlicher Qualitäts- und Sicherheitsstandards
3. Digital-gestützte Risikobeurteilung und Konformitätsbewertung
Die im Pilotprojekte betrachteten Sicherheitsaspekte sind also zusammenfassbar als:
a) Auswirkungsbetrachtungen bei möglichen Fehlfunktionen oder Defekten
b) Die genannte vorrauschauende Instandhaltung und damit verbundene Lebensdauerprognose, die in Kombination eine bessere allgemeine Verfügbarkeit garantieren sollen
Als Grundlage hierfür benötigen wir aber Änderungen im Bereich der technischen Regeln und Normen, um die neuen digitalen Werkzeuge zuzulassen und nutzbar zu machen.
T2 - QI Forum 2022
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 11.10.2022
KW - Wasserstoff
KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur
KW - Digitalisierung
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61356
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kehr, Torsten
T1 - Project QI-Digital - Quo vadis Use Case H2 Refueling Station?
N2 - As a part of the QI-Digital cooperation project, BAM is setting up a hydrogen refuelling station research platform at the Test site for Technical Safety in Horstwalde. Based on this platform, BAM intends to develop, to test and to optimize new measurement techniques as well as data acquisition and processing methods for hydrogen refuelling stations and their periphery in close cooperation with partners from the quality infrastructure and industry. The presentation will introduce the hydrogen refuelling station use case and provide insights into the issues and research goals of the associated subprojects.
T2 - H2-Colloquium of the Competence Centre „H2SAFETY@BAM”
CY - Online meeting
DA - 16.02.2022
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Safety
KW - QI-Digital
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54361
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Flege, J. I.
T1 - BTU-BAM Graduate School “Trustworthy Hydrogen”
N2 - Beim Online-Meeting des Wasserstoffnetzwerks Lausitz mit dem Titel "Wirtschaft trifft Wissenschaft und Forschung" wurde die BTU-BAM-Graduiertenschule Trustworthy Hydrogen vorgestellt. Es handelt sich um die erste Graduiertenschule in Deutschland, die sich mit der Vertrauenswürdigkeit von Wasserstoff beschäftigt und die einzigartigen Kompetenzen von BAM und BTU zur Ausbildung der nächsten Generation von
interdisziplinären Wasserstoff-Wissenschaftlern bündelt.
N2 - The BTU-BAM graduate school Trustworthy Hydrogen was presented at the online meeting of the Lausitz Hydrogen Network entitled "Business meets Science and Research". It is the first graduate school in Germany to focus on the trustworthiness of hydrogen and combines the unique competencies of BAM and BTU to train the next generation of
interdisciplinary hydrogen scientists.
T2 - Lausitzer Netzwerktreffen DurcH2atmen "Wirtschaft trifft Wissenschaft und Forschung" "
CY - Online meeting
DA - 22.11.2022
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - Graduate School
KW - Trustworthy Hydrogen
KW - Graduiertenkolleg
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56443
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Holtappels, Kai
T1 - Overview of Hydrogen Safety and remaining challenges
N2 - Die Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung
und die Delegation der Deutschen Wirtschaft in Nigeria führt eine "Nigeria Hydrogen Future Webinar Series" durch. Die vierte Veranstaltung wurde unter dem Titel "Safe and Sustainable Hydrogen Production in Nigeria" durchgeführt. Die BAM bzw. das Kompetenzzentrum H2Safety@BAM wurde eingeladen, einen Übersichtsvortrag zur Wasserstoffsicherheit und zukünftigen Herausforderungen mit Blick auf sicherheitstechnische Fragestellungen zu halten. Der Vortrag bildete neben zwei weiteren Vorträgen der Kern des Webinbars.
N2 - The Konrad Adenauer Foundation
and the Delegation of German Business in Nigeria is conducting a "Nigeria Hydrogen Future Webinar Series". The fourth event was held under the title "Safe and Sustainable Hydrogen Production in Nigeria". BAM respectively the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM was invited to present an overview lecture on hydrogen safety and future challenges with regard to safety-related issues. The lecture formed the core of the webinbar along with two other presentations.
T2 - 4th Nigeria Hydrogen Future Webinar Series
CY - Online meeting
DA - 27.07.2022
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - Safety challenges
KW - Hydrogen safety
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55393
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Nattuveettil, Keerthana
A1 - Brunner, Nanine
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
A1 - Melzer, Michael
A1 - Johann, Sergej
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias
T1 - Einsatz von Sensortechnologien an einer Wasserstofftankstelle als Beitrag zur digitalen Qualitätsinfrastruktur
T1 - Use of sensor technologies at hydrogen test platform as a part of QI Digital
N2 - Die Optimierung und Validierung des digitalen Wasserstofftankstellenmanagements mit Sensortechnologien ist das übergeordnete Ziel des Teilprojekts Digitale Qualitätsinfrastruktur mit Sensortechnologien (QIST) am Use Case H2, im Rahmen der digitalen Qualitätsinfrastruktur (QI digital[1]). Hierfür sollen u.a. Sensornetzwerke mit digital-gestützten Auswertungsstrategien intelligent gestaltet werden (Stichwort KI bzw. digitaler Zwilling). Verschiedene, sich ergänzende Sensoren, Systemkomponenten und KI-Methoden stehen als Bausteine intelligenter Sensorsysteme zur Verfügung, mit dem Zweck, die physikalischen und chemischen Parameter an und in Anlagen umfassend und effizient zu überwachen sowie Fehlfunktionen zuverlässig zu detektieren und zu interpretieren, Abbildung 1.
Konkrete Arbeitsschritte sind, nach dem Aufbau der Versuchsplattform „Wasserstofftankstelle“, die Instrumentierung von Sensorik und deren digitale Integration in das Tankstellenmanagementsystem sowie die Validierung im Realbetrieb. Die somit erzielten Messergebisse sowie die Messunsicherheiten, Historien und Verfahren werden in digitaler Form aufbereitet, gespeichert und fortlaufend in die KI-basierte Datenauswertung einbezogen, inkl. der Anbindung an die metrologische Rückführungskette.
Ziele sind:
• Einführung eines neuen messtechnischen Ansatzes und eines digitalen Zwillings für den Anwendungsfall "Wasserstofftankstelle" auf Basis der H2-Sensorik sowie der Zustandsgrößen Druck und Temperatur
• Qualitätssicherung durch Applikationen zuverlässiger Gassensorik, Manometer und Thermometer sowie KI-Methoden zur Prozesskontrolle und Detektion von Fehlfunktionen
• Nutzung von digitalen Kalibrierscheinen (DCCs) insbesondere für die Messgröße Temperatur zur Realisierung der metrologischen Rückführung in einer digitalen Qualitätsinfrastruktur
T2 - Sensorik für die Digitalisierung chemischer Produktionsanlagen
CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany
DA - 13.06.2022
KW - QI Digital
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - Wasserstoff
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Sensorik
KW - Digitalisierung
KW - Digitalisation
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55399
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Theiler, Geraldine
T1 - Effect of high-pressure hydrogen environment on the physical and mechanical properties of elastomers
N2 - This presentation deals with the exposure of HNBR rubbers to high pressure hydrogen (100 MPa) at 120 °C for 7 and 21 days under static conditions followed by characterization of their physical and mechanical properties.The core areas include swelling, rapid gas decompression, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile strength and compression set properties. This study will assist in expanding the knowledge base of elastomer compatibility with hydrogen and therefore contribute significantly to the selection and development of polymer materials deploying hydrogen as a future energy carrier.
T2 - EHEC European Hydrogen Energy Conferecne 2022
CY - Madrid, Spain
DA - 18.05.2022
KW - Rubbers
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Characterization
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-62084
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Baensch, Franziska
A1 - Hofmann, Detlef
A1 - Johann, Sergej
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
A1 - Basedau, Frank
A1 - Sturm, Patrick
A1 - Lay, Vera
A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst
T1 - Multi-sensor conception for safe sealing structures in underground repositories
N2 - The project "SealWasteSafe" of the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM, Berlin) deals with sealing structures applied for underground disposal of nuclear waste from two perspectives: (1) material improvement for application in sealing constructions and (2) feasibility study regarding multi-sensor approaches to ensure quality assurance and long-term monitoring.
One specimen of 150 l made of alkali-activated material, which was found innovative and suitable for sealing constructions based on preliminary laboratory studies, and, for comparison purpose, another one made of salt concrete, are manufactured with an integrated multi-sensory setup for quality assurance and long-term-monitoring. The specimens were left in their cast form and additionally thermally insulated to simulate the situation in the repository. The multi-sensory concept comprises RFID technology embedded in the specimens suppling material temperature and moisture measurements, integrated fibre optic sensing allowing strain measurement and acoustic emission testing for monitoring possible crack formation. Overall, the suitability and the functionality of the sensors embedded into and attached to strongly alkaline (pH > 13 for the AAM) and salt corrosive (NaCl) environment was proven for the first 672 h.
First temperature measurement based on RFID succeeded after 626 h for the alkali-activated material and after 192 h for the conventional salt concrete. Strain measurement based on distributed fibre optic sensing turned out the alkali-activated material with > 1 mm m-1 undergoing approximately twice the compression strain as the salt concrete with strains < 0.5 mm m-1. In contrast, the acoustic emission first and single hits representing crack formation in numbers, was found for alkali-activated material half of that detected at the salt concrete.
T2 - SMIRT 26
CY - Berlin/Potsdam, Germany
DA - 10.07.2022
KW - SealWasteSafe
KW - Monitoring
KW - Acoustic emission
KW - Fibre optic sensing
KW - RFID technology
KW - alkali-activated material
PY - 2022
SP - 1
EP - 10
AN - OPUS4-55371
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Farhan, Muhammad
A1 - Schneider, Ronald
A1 - Thöns, Sebastian
T1 - Corrigendum to Predictive information and maintenance optimization based on decision theory: a case study considering a welded joint in an offshore wind turbine support structure
N2 - This article has been revised and republished due to substantial changes to the text of the original article, as published Online First on January 31, 2021.
Most of the change were minor grammatical changes. The following changes are more significant and will be highlighted below.
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/14759217211040385
SN - 1475-9217
VL - 21
IS - 4
SP - 1956
EP - 1956
PB - Sage Publications
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-55165
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Theiler, Geraldine
T1 - Comparison of the sliding behaviour of several polymers in hydrogen
N2 - The work presented here deals with the friction and wear behaviour of polymer materials in hydrogen. Commercially available grades of PEEK, PA, PPA, PAI, PI and PBI were investigated at room temperature in air and hydrogen gas (H2) as well as in liquid hydrogen at - 253°C (LH2).
T2 - 7th World Tribology Congress, WTC 2022
CY - Lyon, France
DA - 10.07.2022
KW - Friction
KW - Wear
KW - Polymers
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Cryogenic
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-62087
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Eberwein, Robert
T1 - Systeme mit tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen in Brandereignissen
N2 - Die volumetrische Energiedichte eines Gases kann durch Verflüssigung erhöht wer-den. Diese findet statt, wenn das Gas unter den Siedepunkt abgekühlt wird. Verflüs-sigte Gase mit großer Bedeutung für die Energiewende sind verflüssigter Wasser-stoff (LH2) und verflüssigtes Erdgas (LNG), dessen Verflüssigung Temperaturen von unter -160 °C bedarf. Systeme zur Speicherung dieser verflüssigten Gase müssen in der Regel für Überdrücke ausgelegt sein und benötigen thermische Superisolierun-gen (TSI), um die tiefkalten Bedingungen über längere Zeit halten zu können und Verluste durch Boil-Off gering zu halten. TSI mit Vakuum und MLI oder Perlit sind für viele Anwendungen mit LNG und LH2 geeignet. Bei solchen Systemen handelt es sich in der Regel um doppelwandige Strukturen, bei denen die Innenwand mit dem tiefkalten Fluid in Kontakt steht. Die Lücke, zwischen der Innen- und der Außen-wand befindet sich unter Vakuumbedingungen und enthält zudem MLI oder Perlite. Diese Kombination von Isolationsmethoden ermöglicht es auf kleinstem Raum sehr gute thermische Isolationswirkung zu erreichen. Aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht sind die Systeme gut durchdacht. Das Wissen über das Verhalten dieser Systeme bei einem typischen Ereignis wie einem Brand ist jedoch begrenzt. Dieses Wissen ist aber not-wendig, um die Sicherheit der wachsenden Zahl von Anwendungen auf dem Markt bewerten zu können.
T2 - H2-Kolloquium des Kompetenzzentrum „H2Safety@BAM”
CY - Online meeting
DA - 04.07.2022
KW - Tiefkalt
KW - Verflüssigt
KW - Isolation
KW - Auslegungsüberschreitend
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55178
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Eberwein, Robert
T1 - Wasserstoff - Kryogene Anwendungen
N2 - Wasserstoff wird als ein potenzieller alternativer Energieträger gesehen, mit dem die für 2050 gesetzten Klimaziele erreicht werden könnten. Der Transport von Wasserstoff ist mittels verschiedener Speichertechniken möglich, von denen der kryogene Transport mit den größten volumetrischen Energiedichten einhergeht. Hierdurch eignen sich diese Speicher besonders für die energieintensiven Verkehrsmittel im Land-, See- und Flugverkehr.
Im Vortrag werden Speichertechniken, Gefahren im Umgang mit kryogenen Gasen sowie bisherige Störfälle dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Teil der aktuellen Forschungsarbeit an der BAM vorgestellt, die die Sicherheit dieser Speicher unter außergewöhnlichen Belastungen adressiert.
T2 - 26. Gefahrgutkongress Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
CY - Rostock, Germany
DA - 03.11.2022
KW - Wasserstoff
KW - H2
KW - LNG
KW - LH2
KW - Tank
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56181
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Holtappels, Kai
T1 - Overview of hydrogen safety & remaining challenges in a green economy and energy transition
N2 - In this talk, general aspects of the safety and acceptance of hydrogen technologies were presented. How can trust in new technologies be built when past accidents led to myths and fairy tales? The presentation does away with general prejudices and shows that handling hydrogen is neither more unsafe nor safer than handling other fuel gases. The basis for the safe handling of hydrogen is always a risk analysis.
T2 - 6th SAF€RA Symposium - Safety in the new economy and energy transition
CY - Rome, Italy
DA - 19.05.2022
KW - Sicherer Umgang
KW - Sicherheit
KW - Wasserstoff Hydrogen
KW - Safety
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54925
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Theiler, Geraldine
A1 - Halder, Karabi
A1 - Balasooriya, Winoj
T1 - Effect of high-pressure hydrogen environment on the physical and mechanical properties of elastomers
N2 - This paper deals with the exposure of HBNR rubbers to high pressure hydrogen (100 MPa) at 120 °C for 7 and 21 days under static conditions followed by characterization of their physical and mechanical properties.
T2 - EHEC European Hydrogen Energy Conference 2022
CY - Madrid, Spain
DA - 18.05.2022
KW - Rubbers
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Characterization
PY - 2022
SP - 1
EP - 2
AN - OPUS4-62085
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Holtappels, Kai
T1 - Markthochlauf von Wasserstofftechnologien - Vertrauen durch Sicherheit
N2 - Beim BAM-UBA-Behördenerfahrungsaustausch 2022 hat die BAM zu dem Schwerpunktthema Wasserstoff den von der Bundesregierung avisierten Markthochlauf und das Thema Vertrauen durch Sicherheit vorgestellt. Dabei wurde das Kompetenzzentrum H2Safety mit seinen derzeitigen Aktivitäten ebenso vorgestellt wie sicherheitstechnische Fragestellungen, die über die Wertschöpfungskette hinweg derzeit existieren. Dabei handelt es sich um Fragestellungen zur Materialeignung und -kompatibilität, Leckageüberwachung, Schutzkonzepte und Unfallszenarien. Darüber hinaus gibt es Themen, die keinen direkten Bezug zur Sicherheit haben, aber das Vertaruen in Wasserstofftechnologien deutlich fördern können. Neben Aus- und Weiterbildungskonzepten wurden auch die Themen Akzeptanz und Risikokommunikation sowie Normung und Standardisierung behandelt.
T2 - BAM-UBA-Behördenerfahrungsaustausch 2022
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 27.06.2022
KW - H2Safety@BAM
KW - Markthochlauf
KW - Vertrauen
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55138
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Theiler, Geraldine
T1 - Effect of hydrogen pressure on the fretting behavior of elastomers
N2 - In this study, the fretting behavior of several elastomer materials against 316L were evaluated in air and hydrogen environment up to 10 MPa. Furthermore, aging experiments were conducted for 7 days under static conditions in 100 MPa hydrogen and the physical and mechanical properties of the rubber materials were examined before and after hydrogen exposure. Fretting tests revealed that the wear of these compounds is significantly affected by the hydrogen environment compared to air, especially with NBR grades. After aging experiment, the friction response of HNBR grades is characterized by increased adhesion due to elastic deformation, leading to partial slip.
T2 - 4th Int. Conf. on Polymer Tribology, PolyTrib 2022
CY - Stockholm, Sweden
DA - 05.12.2022
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Fretting
KW - Elastomers
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-62006
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lay, Vera
T1 - Multi-sensor conception for safe sealing structures in underground repositories
N2 - The project "SealWasteSafe" of the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (Berlin) deals with sealing structures applied for underground disposal of nuclear waste from two perspectives: material improvement for application in sealing constructions and feasibility study regarding multi-sensor approaches to ensure quality assurance and long-term monitoring.
One specimen of 150 l made of alkali-activated material, which was found innovative and suitable for sealing constructions based on preliminary laboratory studies, and another one made of conventional salt concrete, are manufactured with an integrated multi-sensory setup for quality assurance and long-term-monitoring. The specimens were left in their cast form and additionally thermally insulated to simulate the situation in the repository. The multi-sensory concept comprises RFID technology embedded in the specimens suppling material temperature and moisture measurements, integrated distributed fibre optic sensing allowing strain measurement and acoustic emission testing for monitoring crack formation. Overall, the suitability and the functionality of the sensors embedded into and attached to strongly alkaline (pH > 13 for the AAM) and salt corrosive (NaCl) environment was proven for the first 672 h.
First RFID measurement succeeded after 626 h for the alkali-activated material and after 192 h for the conventional salt concrete. Strain measurement based on fibre optic sensing turned out the alkali-activated material (> 1 mm/m) undergoing approximately twice the compression strain as the salt concrete (< 0.5 mm/m). In contrast, the acoustic emission first and single hits representing crack formation in numbers, was found for alkali-activated material half of that detected at the salt concrete.
T2 - SMIRT 26
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 10.07.2022
KW - SealWasteSafe
KW - Monitoring
KW - Acoustic emission
KW - Fibre optic sensing
KW - RFID technology
KW - Alkali-activated material
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-55372
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gomes, Bruna F.
A1 - Prokop, Martin
A1 - Bystron, Tomas
A1 - Loukrakpam, Rameshwori
A1 - Melke, Julia
A1 - Lobo, Carlos M. S.
A1 - Fink, Michael
A1 - Zhu, Mengshu
A1 - Voloshina, Elena
A1 - Kutter, Maximilian
A1 - Hoffmann, Hendrik
A1 - Yusenko, Kirill V.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Röder, Bettina
A1 - Bouzek, Karel
A1 - Paulus, Beate
A1 - Roth, Christina
T1 - Following Adsorbed Intermediates on a Platinum Gas Diffusion Electrode in H3PO3-Containing Electrolytes Using In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
N2 - One of the challenges of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is the poisoning of the Pt catalystwith H3PO4. H3PO4 is imbibed into the routinely used polybenzimidazole-based membranes, which facilitate Proton conductivity in the temperature range of 120−200 °C. However, when leached out of the membrane by water produced during operation, H3PO4 adsorbs on the Pt catalyst surface, blocking the active sites and hindering the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
The reduction of H3PO4 to H3PO3, which occurs at the anode due to a combination of a low potential and the presence of gaseous H2, has been investigated as an additional important contributing factor to the observed poisoning effect. H3PO3 has an affinity toward adsorption on Pt surfaces even greater than that of H2PO4 −. In this work, we investigated the poisoning effect of both H3PO3 and H3PO4 using a half-cell setup with a gas diffusion electrode under ambient conditions. By means of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it was possible to follow the signature of different species adsorbed on the Pt nanoparticle catalyst (H, O, H2PO4 −, and H3PO3) at different potentials under ORR conditions in various electrolytes (HClO4, H3PO4, and H3PO3). It was found that H3PO3 adsorbs in a pyramidal configuration P(OH)3 through a Pt−P bond. The competition between H3PO4 and H3PO3 adsorption was studied, which should allow for a better understanding of the catalyst poisoning mechanism and thus assist in the development of strategies to mitigate this phenomenon in the future by minimizing H3PO3 generation by, for example, improved catalyst design or adapted operation conditions or changes in the electrolyte composition.
KW - H3PO4 life cycle
KW - XAS
KW - In situ coupling
KW - High-temperature fuel cells
KW - H3PO3,
KW - Δμ XANES
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.2c02630
SN - 2155-5435
VL - 12
IS - 18
SP - 11472
EP - 11484
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-64733
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - C. Pardo Pérez, L.
A1 - Arndt, A.
A1 - Stojkovikj, S.
A1 - Y. Ahmet, I.
A1 - T. Arens,, J.
A1 - Dattila, F.
A1 - Wendt, R.
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Davies, V.
A1 - Höflich, K.
A1 - Köhnen, E.
A1 - Tockhorn, P.
A1 - Golnak, R.
A1 - Xiao, J.
A1 - Schuck, G.
A1 - Wollgarten, M.
A1 - López, N.
A1 - T. Mayer, M.
T1 - Determining Structure-Activity Relationships in Oxide Derived CuSn Catalysts During CO2 Electroreduction Using X-Ray Spectroscopy
N2 - The development of earth-abundant catalysts for selective electrochemical CO2 conversion is a central challenge. Cu-Sn bimetallic catalysts can yield selective CO2 reduction toward either CO or formate. This study presents oxide-derived Cu-Sn catalysts tunable for either product and seeks to understand the synergetic effects between Cu and Sn causing these selectivity trends. The materials undergo significant transformations under CO2 reduction conditions, and their dynamic bulk and surface structures are revealed by correlating observations from multiple methods—X-ray absorption spectroscopy for in situ study, and quasi in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface sensitivity. For both types of catalysts, Cu transforms to metallic Cu0 under reaction conditions. However, the Sn speciation and content differ significantly between the catalyst types: the CO-selective catalysts exhibit a surface Sn content of 13 at. % predominantly present as oxidized Sn, while the formate-selective catalysts display an Sn content of ≈70 at. % consisting of both metallic Sn0 and Sn oxide species. Density functional theory simulations suggest that Snδ+ sites weaken CO adsorption, thereby enhancing CO selectivity, while Sn0 sites hinder H adsorption and promote formate production. This study reveals the complex dependence of catalyst structure, composition, and speciation with electrochemical bias in bimetallic Cu catalysts.
KW - Electrochemical CO2 conversion
KW - Cu catalysts
KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547116
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103328
SN - 1614-6832
VL - 12
IS - 5
SP - 2103328
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
AN - OPUS4-54711
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rautenberg, Max
A1 - Gernhard, M.
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Witt, Julia
A1 - Roth, C.
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - Mechanochemical synthesis of fluorine-containing Co-doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for producing electrocatalysts
N2 - Catalysts derived from pyrolysis of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates to replace expensive and scarce platinum-based electrocatalysts commonly used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. MOFs contain ordered connections between metal centers and organic ligands. They can be pyrolyzed into metal- and nitrogen-doped carbons, which show electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Furthermore, metal-free heteroatom-doped carbons, such as N-F-Cs, are known for being active as well. Thus, a carbon material with Co-N-F doping could possibly be even more promising as ORR electrocatalyst. Herein, we report the mechanochemical synthesis of two polymorphs of a zeolitic imidazole framework, Co-doped zinc 2-trifluoromethyl-1H-imidazolate (Zn0.9Co0.1(CF3-Im)2). Time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction studies of the mechanochemical formation revealed a direct conversion of starting materials to the products. Both polymorphs of Zn0.9Co0.1(CF3-Im)2 were pyrolyzed, yielding Co-N-F containing carbons, which are active toward electrochemical ORR.
KW - Mechanochemistry
KW - Metal-organic-frameworks
KW - Nobel-metal free electrocatalysis
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-546833
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.840758
SN - 2296-2646
VL - 10
IS - 840758
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-54683
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rautenberg, Max
A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit
A1 - Witt, Julia
A1 - Jain, Mohit
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - In situ time-resolved monitoring of mixed-ligand metal–organic framework mechanosynthesis
N2 - The mechanism of mixed-ligand metal–organic framework (MOF) formation, and the possible role of intermediate single-ligand metal complexes during mechanosynthesis, have not been explored yet. For the first time, we report here in situ real-time monitoring of the mechanochemical formation mechanism of mixed-ligand MOFs. Our results show that binary phases can act as intermediates or competing products in one-pot and stepwise synthesis.
KW - Mechanochemistry
KW - Metal-organic-frameworks
KW - In situ X-ray diffraction
KW - Mixed-ligand MOFs
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-558167
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CE00803C
SP - 1
EP - 4
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-55816
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Dietzmann, Simon
T1 - Between Homogenous and Heterogenous Catalysis: Single-Atom-Catalysts
N2 - Catalysis is a very important process in chemistry as it lowers the energy barrier for chemical reactions. This saves energy and/or some reactions are only possible with a catalyst under the desired conditions (temperature and pressure). Catalysts can be roughly categorized depending on the phase they interact with the substrates in homogenous and heterogenous catalysis.
T2 - 5. Deutsche Tagung für Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Neutronen und Ionenstrahlen an Großgeräten (SNI2022)
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 05.09.2022
KW - Single-atom-catalyst
KW - Electrochemistry
KW - Porous carbons
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61989
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Dietzmann, Simon
T1 - Between Homogenous and Heterogenous Catalysis: Single-Atom-Catalysts
N2 - Catalysis is a very important process in chemistry as it lowers the energy barrier for chemical reactions. This saves energy and/or some reactions are only possible with a catalyst under the desired conditions (temperature and pressure). Catalysts can be roughly categorized depending on the phase they interact with the substrates in heterougenous and heterogenous catalyst
T2 - RÅC international summer school
CY - Varberg, Sweden
DA - 14.08.2022
KW - Single-atom-catalyst
KW - Electrochemistry
KW - Porous carbons
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61983
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Dietzmann, Simon
T1 - XAS for structural characterization of atomically dispersed materials
N2 - metal and nitrogen enriched carbons (M-N-C) are promising electrocatalysts for small molecule activation. It is proposed that the nitrogen is forming a stabilizing N4-site for the catalytically active metal. This can be proven by XAS measurements to confirm the coordination sphere around the metal.
T2 - Bessy User Meeting
CY - Online meeting
DA - 08.12.2024
KW - Single-atom-catalyst
KW - Structural characterization
KW - Porous carbons
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-61994
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rautenberg, Max
A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit
A1 - Das, Chayanika
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - Mechanochemical Synthesis of Phosphonate-Based Proton Conducting Metal-Organic Frameworks
N2 - Water-stable metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) with proton-conducting behavior have attracted great attention as promising materials for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, we report the mechanochemical gram-scale synthesis of three new mixed-ligand phosphonate-based MOFs, {Co(H2PhDPA)(4,4′-bipy)H2O)·2H2O}n (BAM-1), {Fe(H2PhDPA)(4,4′-bipy) (H2O)·2H2O}n (BAM-2), and {Cu(H2PhDPA)(dpe)2(H2O)2·2H2O}n (BAM-3) [where H2PhDPA = phenylene diphosphonate, 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine, and dpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene]. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that BAM-1 and BAM-2 are isostructural and possess a three-dimensional (3D) network structure comprising one-dimensional (1D) channels filled with guest water molecules. Instead, BAM-3 displays a 1D network structure extended into a 3D supramolecular structure through hydrogenbonding and π−π interactions. In all three structures, guest water molecules are interconnected with the uncoordinated acidic hydroxyl groups of the phosphonate moieties and coordinated water molecules by means of extended hydrogen-bonding interactions. BAM-1 and BAM-2 showed a gradual increase in proton conductivity with increasing temperature and reached 4.9 × 10−5 and 4.4 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 90 °C and 98% relative humidity (RH). The highest proton conductivity recorded for BAM-3 was 1.4 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 50 °C and 98% RH. Upon further heating, BAM-3 undergoes dehydration followed by a phase transition to another crystalline form which largely affects its performance. All compounds exhibited a proton hopping (Grotthuss model) mechanism, as suggested by their low activation energy.
KW - Mechanochemistry
KW - Metal-organic-frameworks
KW - Proton conductivity
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01023
VL - 61
SP - 10801
EP - 10809
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-55448
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ghazanfari, M. R.
A1 - Vittadello, L.
A1 - Al-Sabbagh, Dominik
A1 - Santhosh, A.
A1 - Frankcom, C.
A1 - Fuß, F.
A1 - von Randow, C. A.
A1 - Siemensmeyer, K.
A1 - Vrijmoed, J. C.
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Jerabek, P.
A1 - Irmlau, M.
A1 - Thiele, G.
T1 - Remarkable Infrared Nonlinear Optical, Dielectric, and Strong Diamagnetic Characteristics of Semiconducting K3[BiS3]
N2 - The ternary sulfido bismuthate K3[BiS3] is synthesized in quantitative yields. The material exhibits nonlinear optical properties with strong second harmonic generation properties at arbitrary wavelengths in the infrared spectral range and a notable laser-induced damage threshold of 5.22 GW cm−2 for pulsed laser radiation at a wavelength of 1040 nm, a pulse duration of 180 fs, and a repetition rate of 12.5 kHz. K3[BiS3] indicates semiconductivity with a direct optical band gap of 2.51 eV. Dielectric and impedance characterizations demonstrate κ values in the range of 6−13 at 1 kHz and a high electrical resistivity. A strong diamagnetic behavior with a susceptibility of −2.73 × 10−4 m3 kg−1 at room temperature is observed. These results suggest it is a promising nonlinear optical candidate for the infrared
region. The synergic physical characteristics of K3[BiS3] provide insight into the correlation of optical, electrical, and magnetic properties.
KW - Electrical properties
KW - Insulators
KW - Materials
KW - Nonlinear optics
KW - Quantum mechanics
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01689
VL - 13
IS - 30
SP - 6987
EP - 6993
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-55456
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brirmi, M
A1 - Chabbah, T.
A1 - Chatti, S.
A1 - Schiets, F.
A1 - Casabianca, H.
A1 - Marestin, C.
A1 - Mercier, R.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Errachid, A.
A1 - Jaffrezic-Renault, N.
A1 - Ben Romdhane, H.
T1 - Effect of the pendent groups on biobased polymers, obtained from click chemistry suitable, for the adsorption of organic pollutants from water
N2 - In this work, four triazole-based poly(ether-pyridine)s polymers were synthesized and used as an adsorbent for the removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, new fluoromonomers containing 1,2,3-triazole units were prepared by the Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and then used for the elaboration of novel poly(ether-pyridine-triazole)s (PEPTs) by direct polyconden-sation with isosorbide and bisphenol A. Chemical structure of fluorinated pyridinicmonomers as well as resulting polymers was confirmed by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopic methods. The thermal behavior of the obtained PEPTs was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Results of sorption showed that polymers can be effectively used as a sorbent for the removal of polarorganic pollutants. The isosorbide-based poly(ether-pyridine-triazole) which contains hydrophilic hydroxyl groups as pendants chains (P4) exhibited the highest sorption efficiencies (78%–100% after 1 h). In order to explain the results an adsorption mech-anism mainly based on π–π interactions and hydrogen bonding with the pendent groups is proposed.
KW - Adsorption
KW - Biobased polymers
KW - Cycloaddition
KW - Pentafluoropyridine
KW - Phenolic compounds
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.5809
SN - 1042-7147
SP - 1
EP - 21
PB - Wiley online library
AN - OPUS4-55389
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -