TY - CONF A1 - Kröll, Mirco T1 - Tribological performance of polymer compounds in gaseous hydrogen N2 - In this study, friction and wear of conventional and alternative high performance polymer compounds, typically used for components of compressors, were investigated in gaseous hydrogen and nitrogen up to 80 bar of gas pressure. The compounds used were a commercial PEEK matrix with 10 wt.% each of PTFE, graphite, and short carbon fibres, a PPS matrix with 10 wt.% each of PTFE and graphite, and an experimental PA12 matrix with PTFE chemically coupled with an oleyl alcohol. Due to the cylindrical shape of the polymer samples, the contact area and pressure change if wear occurs. Therefore, experimental results of pre-screening tests have been used as input for FEM and an analytical model to determine the decreasing contact pressure over time. Afterwards, the outcome of the models was used to determine the duration of the experiments to reach typical contact pressures of seals in hydrogen compressors. T2 - ASMET TriboCorrosion International Conference 2025 CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 23.10.2025 KW - Hydrogen KW - Polymer KW - Tribometer KW - Comparability KW - Harmonisation KW - Oil-coupled compounds KW - Coefficient of Friction KW - Wear KW - FAIR data KW - Standardisation KW - Tribology KW - Database KW - i-TRIBOMAT PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64473 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harwege, Finn A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Testing of vacuum insulation panels for liquefied hydrogen storage tanks N2 - For the future use of liquefied hydrogen (LH2) as a green energy carrier, new concepts for storage tanks and in particular their insulation are necessary. The methodology applied in current LH2 tanks has some disadvantages while manufacturing and operation of large tanks that may be required in the future. While liquefied natural gas tanks exist in the necessary capacities, they are incompatible with LH2 due to its significantly lower storage temperature. In this paper, the possibility of using vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) as an alternative to the conventional double walled, powder filled vacuum insulation is presented. The two systems are introduced and compared on a conceptual level with a focus on the loss of vacuum failure mode. Furthermore, a test rig that enables the testing and quantification of thermal properties of VIP based insulations in ordinary and loss of vacuum conditions is presented. The test rig is a boil-off calorimeter using liquefied nitrogen and features a square cold surface with a side length of 3 m. An overview over the planned testing and its goals is given. KW - Liquefied Hydrogen KW - Insulation KW - Vacuum Insulation Panel KW - LH2 KW - Cryogenics PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET2511612 SN - 2283-9216 VL - 2025 IS - 116 SP - 769 EP - 774 PB - AIDIC CY - Milano, Italy AN - OPUS4-63716 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thünemann, Andreas T1 - Structure Analysis of Functional Hydrogels with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) N2 - Hydrogel properties are largely determined by their network structure. Here, we report on the capabilities of SAXS methods for characterizing polymer-network gels. SAXS provides rich insight into different types and levels of nanostructural inhomogeneities in these soft matter materials. The structure analysis of alginate hydrogels, typically utilized in tissue engineering applications, will be discussed in detail. T2 - Polydays 2024 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 30.09.2024 KW - SAXS KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering KW - Polymer KW - Gel PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61184 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Nationale Allianz für Wasserstoff-Sicherheit N2 - Im Rahmen des jährlich stattfindenden BAM-UBA-Behörden-Erfahrungsaustauschs wurde vorrangig Mitarbeitenden aus örtlich zuständigen Vollzugs- und Genehmigungsbehörden die in Planung befindliche Nationale Allianz für Wasserstoff-Sicherheit vorgestellt. Die Allianz besteht aus insgesamt acht Institutionen mit einer breit aufgestellten Expertise zur Sicherheit von Wasserstoff und verfolgt das Ziel, die Entwicklung fehlender Methoden und Kriterien zur technischen Sicherheit von Wasserstoff voranzutreiben, Wissenslücken zu identifizieren und diese durch gemeinsame Forschung zu schließen sowie unabhängige und wissenschaftlich fundierte Bewertungen technischer Risiken bei Wasserstoffanwendungen vorzunehmen. T2 - BAM-UBA-Behördenerfahrungsaustausch CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.06.2025 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Sicherheit KW - nationale Allianz PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63429 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Theiler, Geraldine A1 - Gradt, Thomas T1 - Comparison of the sliding behavior of several polymers in gaseous and liquid hydrogen N2 - The development of hydrogen technologies entails high safety requirements in distribution and dispensing infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to pursue research on material compatibility in hydrogen, especially for critical parts with tribological issues. The focus of this study is to evaluate the influence of hydrogen on a wider range of commercially available polymer materials. Thereby, the friction and wear behavior of different grades of TPE, POM, PA66, PA12, PPA, PEEK, PPS, PTFE, PAI, PI and PBI were investigated against a rotating steel disk (AISI 304). Filled and unfilled polymers from different suppliers were evaluated at room temperature in air, vacuum and hydrogen gas (H2) as well as in liquid hydrogen at - 253°C (LH2). The sliding behavior of the polymer materials is discussed by means of surface analyses, whereby special attention is paid to the formation of a transfer film. According to the results at ambient temperature, the effect of hydrogen environment on the tribological behavior of neat polymers may be related to lack of moisture, but also to saturated hydrocarbons in gaseous hydrogen. In liquid hydrogen, the best tribological performances were achieved with neat PA polymers as well as PPS and PI composites. KW - Polymers KW - Composites KW - Sliding wear KW - Hydrogen KW - Cryogenic temperature PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597123 DO - https://doi.org/10.2474/trol.18.217 SN - 1881-2198 VL - 18 IS - 5 SP - 217 EP - 231 PB - Japanese Society of Tribologists AN - OPUS4-59712 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Sicherheit von Wasserstoff und Wasserstofftechnologien N2 - Der Nationale Wasserstoffrat (NWR) hat in einem Online-Seminar das Thema Sicherheit von Wasserstofftechnologien und aktueller Sachstand bzw. Herausforderungen in Deutschland aufgearbeitet. Dazu wurde ein Behördenvertreter (BAM), zwei Forschungsinstitutionen (FzJ und FhG IWM) sowie eine benannte Stelle (TÜV) eingeladen und die vorgestellten Themen in einem offenen Plenum diskutiert. T2 - Online-Seminar des Nationalen Wasserstoffrats CY - Online meeting DA - 07.06.2024 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Sicherheit KW - Herausforderungen KW - Elektrolyse KW - Dichtungswerkstoffe KW - Sicherheitsabstände KW - Reallabor BAM TTS KW - Nationale Allianz Wasserstoff-Sicherheit PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61483 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Theiler, Geraldine A1 - Gradt, Thomas T1 - Comparison of the sliding behaviour of several polymers in hydrogen N2 - The work presented here deals with the friction and wear behaviour of polymer materials in hydrogen. Commercially available grades of PEEK, PA, PPA, PAI, PI and PBI were investigated at room temperature in air and hydrogen gas (H2) as well as in liquid hydrogen at -253°C (LH2). T2 - 7th World Tribology Congress, WTC 2022 CY - Lyon, France DA - 10.07.2022 KW - Friction KW - Wear KW - Polymers KW - Hydrogen KW - Cryogenic PY - 2021 SP - 1 AN - OPUS4-62089 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Irrungen, Wirrungen und Lichtblicke - Überarbeitung des Gefahrguttransportrechts für Lithium- und Natrium-Ionen-Batterien N2 - Die Überarbeitung des Gefahrgutrechts hinsichtlich der Einstufung von Lithium- und Natrium - Ionen Batterien nach Gefährlichkeit trägt so einige Stilblüten - wie zuletzt den Vorschlag von 135 neuen UN Nummern für Lithiumbatterien. Die BAM trägt mit ihrer Kompetenz aus eigenen Untersuchungen und Forschung dazu bei, dass die deutsche Delegation bei den Vereinten Nationen, wo die Regelwerke weiterentwickelt werden, gezielte Vorschläge einbringen kann. Der Artikel beschreibt die aktuellen Entwicklungen. KW - Lithiumbatterien KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Regelwerksentwicklung PY - 2024 VL - 2024 IS - 6 SP - 29 EP - 32 PB - Verkehrs-Verlag J. Fischer GmbH & Co. KG CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-62334 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Transport von Lithium-Batterien N2 - Im Bereich des Transports von Lithium-Batterien erfüllt die BAM gesetzliche Aufgaben. Diese betreffen insbesondere den Transport von Lithium-Batterien und die entsprechenden zulässigen (und von de BAM zugelassenen) Gefahrgutverpackungen. T2 - Erfa Verpackungen 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.09.2018 KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Gefahrgutverpackungen KW - Lithium-Batterien PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47121 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Georg W. A1 - Günzel, Stephan A1 - Saul, Herbert A1 - Bock, Robert T1 - Die volumenabhängige Druckbegrenzung als Maßnahme zur Konsequenzsteuerung im Wasserstofftransport N2 - Mit der technologischen Entwicklung werden auch die Transporteinheiten für Druckgase größer und die zu transportierenden Gase wie Wasserstoff deutlich über die lange als Standard geltenden 200 bar hinaus komprimiert. Damit steigt das Konsequenzpotenzial eines Zwischenfalls, das nun begrenzt werden soll, um die bisherige Praxis mit wenigen Zwischenfällen von den Maßnahmen für die neuen Entwicklungen extrem großer Transportdruckbehälter abgrenzen zu können. Hierzu wurde – ausgehend von einer technologisch und sicherheitstechnisch störenden Begrenzung des Volumens von Bergungsdruckgefäßen – das sogenannte Druck-Volumen-Produkt als Kenngröße und Konsequenzmaß vorgeschlagen. Um eine breit akzeptierte Abgrenzung der heute etablierten Druckgefäße gegenüber den zukünftigen Einheiten mit noch mehr Gasinhalt erarbeiten zu können, wurde eine Arbeitsgruppe bei den Vereinten Nationen eingerichtet, deren Weg zu ihrem Ergebnis „Einführung einer Obergrenze von 1.5 Mio. bar-Liter für das Druck-Volumen-Produkt von Druckgefäßen“ mit den Wasserstoff- spezifischen Einzelschritten „Grenze zwischen Großunfall und Katastrophe“, „Die Wirkung von Druckwellen auf den menschlichen Körper“, „Die Ausbreitung von Druckwellen“, „Der Referenzwert für die Bevölkerungsdichte“ und „Die Druckwellenberechnung“ hier dargestellt ist. Dieses Ergebnis der UN-Arbeitsgruppe wird bis 2027 zu einer verbindlichen Begrenzung des Druckvolumenproduktes in Druckgefäßen führen. KW - Risikosteuerung KW - Druck-Volumen-Produkt KW - Katastrophe KW - Bevölkerungsdichte KW - Druckwelle PY - 2024 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 14 IS - 05-06 SP - 8 EP - 17 PB - VDI Fachmedien GmbH & Co. KG CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-64309 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Theiler, Geraldine T1 - Polymer materials in hydrogen N2 - This presentation provides an overview of the applications and challenges related to polymer materials in hydrogen. The effects of hydrogen on polymers are described and test methods to evaluate the interactions between polymers and hydrogen are presented along with case studies. T2 - Masterstudiengang Wasserstofftechnologien DIU CY - Online meeting DA - 25.08.2023 KW - Hydrogen KW - Polymers PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-61964 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Farhan, Muhammad A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Thöns, Sebastian T1 - Corrigendum to Predictive information and maintenance optimization based on decision theory: a case study considering a welded joint in an offshore wind turbine support structure N2 - This article has been revised and republished due to substantial changes to the text of the original article, as published Online First on January 31, 2021. Most of the change were minor grammatical changes. The following changes are more significant and will be highlighted below. PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/14759217211040385 SN - 1475-9217 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 1956 EP - 1956 PB - Sage Publications CY - London AN - OPUS4-55165 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sauer, Hannah A1 - Okpeke, Bright Ebikemefa A1 - Dzielendziak, Agnieszka Sylwia A1 - Batcke, Lars A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Ehlers, Sören T1 - Comparative life cycle assessment of different vacuum insulation panel core materials for cryogenic storage tanks – with a focus on glass bubbles as a novel core material N2 - Developing a sustainable hydrogen supply chain is important in facilitating the energy transition towards climate neutrality. Hydrogen in its free form can be stored and transported either as a gas or a liquid. Due to gaseous hydrogen's comparatively low energy density, liquefied hydrogen (LH 2) is often preferred, especially with regard to long-distance transportation and storage in bulk. A notable challenge associated with LH2 is the inherent requirement to preserve it at a low temperature of -253°C. Consequently, the utilisation of thermally insulated tanks is necessary to minimise LH 2 evaporation. There is a lack of literature on the environmental impacts of insulation materials and concepts for cryogenic storage tank applications in the hydrogen supply chain. Hence, this study investigates a novel concept, namely vacuum insulation panels (VIPs), focusing on their core materials, with a view to assessing their environmental sustainability and circularity. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) model is employed to investigate six distinct VIP core materials, namely, silica aerogel, rigid polyurethane foam, expanded perlite, glass fibre, fumed silica, and glass bubbles (hollow glass microspheres), with a special focus on the latter. The LCA results show that polyurethane foam and silica aerogel rank low in environmental performance, making them less suitable as primary choice. Expanded perlite is the most environmentally friendly material option, followed by glass fibre, glass bubbles, and fumed silica. Improvements to the environmental impact of glass bubbles can be achieved via the implementation of closed-loop recycling in their life cycle. T2 - The World Hydrogen Technologies Convention 2025 CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 21.10.2025 KW - LH2 KW - Insulation KW - Life cycle assessment PY - 2025 UR - https://www.whtc2025.com/conference-proceedings SP - 65 EP - 67 AN - OPUS4-64668 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Kompetenzzentrum H2Safety@BAM - Wir schaffen Vertrauen in Wasserstofftechnologien N2 - Im Rahmen des 4. Netzwerktreffens der Wasserstoffakteure im Landkreis TF und Region kamen auf Einladung der Bürgermeister der Gemeinden Baruth/Mark, Am Mellensee, Ludwigsfelde Akteure und Vertreter aus der Region zusammen, um den Aufbau einer Wasserstoffinfrastruktur zur wirtschaftlichen Förderung der Region zu diskutieren bzw. auch laufende Projekte vorzustellen. Die BAM hat ihre Wasserstoffaktivitäten auf dem BAM Testgelände Technische Sicherheit vorgestellt. T2 - 4. Netzwerktreffen der Wasserstoff-Akteure im Landkreis TF und Region CY - Glashütte, Germany DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Brandenburg KW - Netzwerk KW - Wasserstoffinfrastruktur PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63430 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hajhariri, Aliasghar A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Camplese, Davide A1 - Emrys Scarponi, Giordano A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Cozzani, Valerio A1 - Seidlitz, Holger T1 - A Comprehensive Numerical Study of the Behaviour of an LH2 Storage Tank in the Event of a Fire N2 - As the world moves towards green energy production, effective storage and transportation solutions become essential. To support this transition, energy carriers with minimal or zero environmental impact are required. Liquified hydrogen represents a promising candidate due to its emissions-neutral properties. However, its highly flammable nature necessitates adherence to strict safety codes and standards. Storing hydrogen often requires advanced super-insulation materials. To enhance the safety of cryogenic hydrogen storage tanks under extreme conditions, such as those encountered during fire accidents, it is crucial to understand the thermal behaviour of the tank. Predicting pressurization and potential failure in advance demands a robust and comprehensive model. However, still such models suffer lack of detailed heat transfer models which account for various sub-processes during an accident scenario. Hence, this study introduces a comprehensive model for the pressurization of cryogenic tanks equipped with multi-layer insulation (MLI) systemsin the event of fire, which comprises several sub-models. These sub-models account for heat transfer phenomena through the thermal insulation at nominal conditions and its thermal degradation during fire exposure, the fluid, the internal pressurization, and the performance of the pressure relief valve. This study provides valuable insights into the safety and the behaviour of hydrogen storage tanks under thermal loads. KW - Heat transfer KW - Multi-Layer Insulation KW - Cryogenic KW - Liquid Hydrogen PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET25116114 VL - 116 SP - 679 EP - 684 PB - AIDIC AN - OPUS4-63813 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cano Murillo, Natalia T1 - Effect of high-pressure hydrogen environment on the physical and mechanical properties of different kinds of carbon black filled elastomers. N2 - As the transition towards the usage of renewable energy is getting urgent, the fluctuations of clean energy production require efficient storage alternatives. Hydrogen offers not only the possibility of energy storage but also, acts as an energy carrier. It is then important to study the effect of highly pressurized hydrogen atmosphere on the materials destinated for its storage and transport, in order to assure the reliable performance of the sealing materials containing hydrogen. In this study, a set of carbon black (CB) filled rubbers comprising hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) was tested under high pressure hydrogen atmosphere (1000 bar) and at different temperature conditions: 120°C for HNBR, room temperature and 85°C for NBR and EPDM. The influence of hydrogen on the materials properties was measured after 7 days of exposure under hydrogen and evaluated again after 48h. Density and volume change, as well as hardness, tensile tests, compression set, dynamic mechanical measurements and infrared spectroscopy evaluations were conducted to estimate the impact of high-pressure hydrogen on the rubber grades. Our study reveals, an effect on the physical and mechanical properties, possibly related to small changes in the matrix-filler interaction after the hydrogen exposure. All materials, however, show a trend to recover most of their properties 48h after hydrogen exposure. T2 - RubberCon 2023 CY - Edinburgh, Scotland DA - 09.05.2023 KW - Elastomers KW - Hydrogen exposure KW - Mechanical properties PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-62007 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Eine Frage der Technik? Verfahren und Kriterien für den sicheren Betrieb von Wasserstoffanlagen N2 - Das Webinar wird im Rahmen von TransHyDE Systemanalyse (AP5.3 Akzeptanzbewertungen) durchgeführt und adressiert aus einer interdisziplinären Perspektive relevante Aspekte der Sicherheit und öffentlichen Risikowahrnehmung von Wasserstoffprojekten. Dabei erfolgt ein Überblick über Standards der sicherheitstechnischen Forschung, Einblicke aus der Projektkommunikation mit Akteuren und Bürger*innen sowie die Vorstellung aktueller Forschungsergebnisse zur öffentlichen Wahrnehmung der Risiken von Wasserstofftechnologien. Die Diskussion geht den u.a. Fragen nach, welche Rolle das Thema Sicherheit in der aktuellen Planungspraxis spielt, wie transparent über Risiken kommuniziert werden kann, ohne Vertrauen zu gefährden und welche Kommunikationsansätze sich als zielführend zeigen, um gesellschaftlichen Unsicherheiten zu begegnen. Der Vortrag zeigt auf, dass der sichere Betrieb von Anlagen nicht nur mit der Technologie alleine gewährleistet werden kann. T2 - Lunch Talk: Wasserstoff im Fokus: Sicherheit, Risikowahrnehmung und Kommunikation CY - Online meeting DA - 08.12.2025 KW - Gefahrenanalyse KW - Methoden KW - Kriterien PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65040 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Theiler, Geraldine T1 - Comparison of the sliding behaviour of several polymers in hydrogen N2 - The work presented here deals with the friction and wear behaviour of polymer materials in hydrogen. Commercially available grades of PEEK, PA, PPA, PAI, PI and PBI were investigated at room temperature in air and hydrogen gas (H2) as well as in liquid hydrogen at - 253°C (LH2). T2 - 7th World Tribology Congress, WTC 2022 CY - Lyon, France DA - 10.07.2022 KW - Friction KW - Wear KW - Polymers KW - Hydrogen KW - Cryogenic PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-62087 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Systeme mit tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen in Brandereignissen N2 - Die volumetrische Energiedichte eines Gases kann durch Verflüssigung erhöht wer-den. Diese findet statt, wenn das Gas unter den Siedepunkt abgekühlt wird. Verflüs-sigte Gase mit großer Bedeutung für die Energiewende sind verflüssigter Wasser-stoff (LH2) und verflüssigtes Erdgas (LNG), dessen Verflüssigung Temperaturen von unter -160 °C bedarf. Systeme zur Speicherung dieser verflüssigten Gase müssen in der Regel für Überdrücke ausgelegt sein und benötigen thermische Superisolierun-gen (TSI), um die tiefkalten Bedingungen über längere Zeit halten zu können und Verluste durch Boil-Off gering zu halten. TSI mit Vakuum und MLI oder Perlit sind für viele Anwendungen mit LNG und LH2 geeignet. Bei solchen Systemen handelt es sich in der Regel um doppelwandige Strukturen, bei denen die Innenwand mit dem tiefkalten Fluid in Kontakt steht. Die Lücke, zwischen der Innen- und der Außen-wand befindet sich unter Vakuumbedingungen und enthält zudem MLI oder Perlite. Diese Kombination von Isolationsmethoden ermöglicht es auf kleinstem Raum sehr gute thermische Isolationswirkung zu erreichen. Aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht sind die Systeme gut durchdacht. Das Wissen über das Verhalten dieser Systeme bei einem typischen Ereignis wie einem Brand ist jedoch begrenzt. Dieses Wissen ist aber not-wendig, um die Sicherheit der wachsenden Zahl von Anwendungen auf dem Markt bewerten zu können. T2 - H2-Kolloquium des Kompetenzzentrum „H2Safety@BAM” CY - Online meeting DA - 04.07.2022 KW - Tiefkalt KW - Verflüssigt KW - Isolation KW - Auslegungsüberschreitend PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55178 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henning, Ricky A1 - Sturm, Patrick A1 - Keßler, S. A1 - Gluth, Gregor ED - Lothenbach, B. ED - Wieland, E. ED - Altmaier, M. T1 - Influence of salt aggregate on the degradation of hybrid alkaline cement (HAC) concretes in magnesium chloride-rich saline solution simulating evaporite rock N2 - Concretes produced from salt aggregate and hybrid alkaline cements, an alkali-activated slag/fly ash blend, or a Portland cement were exposed to a magnesium chloride-rich saline solution ([Mg2+] = 3.6 m, [Cl−] = 8.3 m), representing a solution formed after contact of surface water with evaporite rock (rock salt) in a nuclear waste repository. The hydration and deterioration of the concretes were studied with X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, pH mapping and permeability measurements. The results show that calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) or sodium-substituted calcium aluminium silicate hydrate (C-N-A-S-H) and Friedel's salt were the major reaction products in the concretes prior to exposure to the saline solution. During exposure to the saline solution, increasing amounts of C-S-H/C-N-A-S-H dissolved, and gypsum and a secondary AFm phase formed. The durability of the concretes improved with increasing amounts of Portland clinker in the cements, due to the associated differences in permeability and chemical resistance. Nevertheless, a massive increase of permeability occurred for all concretes, likely caused by crack formation due to the formation of gypsum from anhydrite in the salt aggregate. Thus, the behavior of the concretes differed from, and was more complex than, the behavior of plain cement pastes. T2 - Joint 6th International Workshop on Mechanisms and Modelling of Waste/Cement Interactions (JCCW 2023) CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 20.11.2023 KW - Nuclear waste repository KW - Evaporite rock KW - Magnesium chloride brine KW - Concrete KW - Hybrid alkaline cement PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-599928 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2024.106027 SN - 0883-2927 SN - 1872-9134 VL - 168 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-59992 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hajhariri, Aliasghar A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Camplese, Davide A1 - Scarponi, Giordano Emrys A1 - Cozzani, Valerio A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Seidlitz, Holger T1 - Non-combustible MLI based insulation behavior under fire condition - Experimental and numerical investigation N2 - The number of applications that demand zero-emission energy carriers, such as liquified hydrogen (LH2), is increasing worldwide. LH2 is typically transported or stored under cryogenic conditions. Storage in such conditions requires super thermal insulations which maintain very low boil-off for a prolonged time. Multi-Layer insulation (MLI) finds widespread use in cryogenic applications, designed to effectively restrict heat inleak towards cryogenic fluids. However, recent studies evidenced that exposure to high heat fluxes, such as in the event of a fire accident, can cause the thermal degradation of the insulation material, resulting in the severe collapse of its heat resistance performance. Therefore, the risk of rapid tank pressurization and its connection to the risk of BLEVE may be possible. This study proposes a numerical model to assess the performances of aluminum-based MLI materials under fire conditions. The model offers insights into the total heat transfer rate through the insulation, serving as a KW - Multi-Layer Insulation KW - Cryogenic KW - Liquid Hydrogen KW - CFD PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-617780 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.037 VL - 193 SP - 603 EP - 620 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-61778 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg W. A1 - Hajhariri, Aliasghar T1 - A modular concept for protection against debris flight - Design, properties and usage N2 - With advances in technological development, stationary and mobile storage units for compressed hydrogen are becoming larger and larger. Their number is also increasing. At the same time, their design has evolved from steel and aluminium to pressure vessels made of composite materials. For safety reasons the design approval of those composite cylinders requires fire engulfment tests, which are mainly organised as open-air tests always needs dedicated protection measures. Under some conditions those protections measures even reduce the effort for organisational safety measures if e.g. the emission of splinters can get totally prevented. Another aspect is the improved reproducibility of fire tests by reducing the influence of wind, especially wind turbulence. Between 2017 and 2019, BAM developed a stackable protective frame made of steel to safely capture splinters for the safe execution of high-energy impact tests. However, this frame was not flexible enough for the follow up project, which led to a completely new protection concept for (potentially) destructive tests on gas-filled pressure vessels. This concept is based on very robust building blocks with knobs and holes of a dimension of 1m x 0.5m x 0.5m made from welded steel. Despite their considerable weight of around 500 kg, they can be combined and stacked very easily like ‘Lego bricks’. The presentation will show the flexibility of the concept, some results of tests on the robustness against pressure waves and the effectiveness in wind attenuation. Finally, the interaction with a new, also modular burner concept for localised fires and full engulfment fires will be presented. T2 - 11th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety ICHS 2025 CY - Seoul, South Korea DA - 24.09.2025 KW - Splinter protection KW - Pressure vessel testing KW - Fire engulfment KW - Destructive tests KW - Rupture KW - Gaseous tests KW - Pressure wave KW - Test equipment KW - Precaution measures PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65099 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg W. T1 - Safety challenges of the hydrogen market ramp-up N2 - The presentation will provide some thoughts on the key safety challenges for staying safe during the market ramp-up phase of the rapidly expanding hydrogen economy. The focus is on storage aspects, but other topics are also covered. Each brief description of an aspect is followed by a proposal for solving the problem. Key words are safety aspects of hydrogen transport (CGH2 and LH2), risk control, consequence limitation, structural reliability control, safety monitoring through destructive and non-destructive testing, improvement of RCS through impact simulation, new approaches to safety assessment, outlook on the potential of NDT and digital product passports. T2 - 6th Germany–Korea Hydrogen Conference 2025 CY - Seoul, South Korea DA - 03.12.2025 KW - Risk-control KW - Regulatory measures KW - Operational safety KW - Mass transport KW - Full scale tests PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65102 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Tugnoli, Alessandro A1 - Okpeke, Bright A1 - Campoari, Alessandro A1 - Zervaki, Anna T1 - NICOLHy - 2nd Stakeholder Advisory Board meeting N2 - The NICOLHy project aims to develop a novel insulation concept based on Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP) that enables the safe, cost- and energy efficient storage of large quantities of LH2. Such large scale LH2 storage technology is necessary for establishing a hydrogen economy with dimensions between 40.000 m³ and more than 200.000 m³ of LH2. However, new design concepts are needed because the currently available technologies used in small and medium storages today are not suitable for up-scaling. The main problems prohibiting the up-scaling are the long production time due to the process chain, the low failure tolerance and the spherical shape, which reduces the payload in technical applications by up to 50% compared to other shapes. The novel concept will change these conditions by a system which is modular, open-form, time-and cost efficient while production, operation and service, multi-failure tolerant and applicable for onshore and offshore applications. The presentations shows details to the concept and presents several safety concerns the project has to deal with. This document contains all presentations from NICOLHys second Stakeholder Meeting. T2 - NICOLHy 2nd Stakeholder Meeting CY - Athens, Greece DA - 22.01.2025 KW - Liquefied hydrogen KW - Insulation KW - Tanks PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62564 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Hajhariri, Aliasghar A1 - Camplese, D. A1 - Scarponi, G. E. A1 - Cozzani, V. A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Insulation Materials Used in Tanks for the Storage of Cryogenic Fluids in Fire Scenarios N2 - The importance of tanks for storing cryogenic fluids in the energy industry is increasing because of ongoing political conflicts and the implementation of more environmentally friendly energy sources. Key representatives for the application of cryogenic tanks are natural gas in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and hydrogen, e. g. in the form of Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2), for which significantly higher transport capacities can be achieved with the same transport volume using cryogenic storages than with storages based solely on overpressure. What applies to all cryogenic transported fluids in common is their condition that must be maintained. Hence heat flows into the preserved fluid must be minimized. Thermal super Insulations (TSI) based on e. g. multilayer insulations (MLI), perlites, and vacuum are utilized for this purpose and have already proven themselves in similar applications. However, for the use of tanks for cryogenic fluids in the transport sector, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the course and consequences of incidents, which is due to the still short period of use and the few documented incidents, hence few investigations carried out in this field. Typical scenarios in the transport sector represent car accidents with collisions, fires, and their combination, which are associated with extraordinary loads on the tank. The focus of this study is to investigate the behavior of TSI as a result of their thermal exposure to a heat source representing a fire. It is worth mentioning that this could lead to an increase of the heat flux into a tank by several orders of magnitude, and to permanent damage of the TSI, ultimately rapid release of flammable gas as well as a Boiling Liquide Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). For this purpose, a high temperature thermal vacuum chamber (HTTVC) has been developed that allows thermal loading of MLI or perlites in a vacuum and simultaneous measurement of heat flow through this TSI. The HTTVC is designed to represent realistic insulation conditions and to withstand thermal loads from typical design fires. The HTTVC was applied to investigate TSI based on MLI and vacuum. It is shown that the thermal stress caused permanent damage to the TSI, with shrinkage, phase change, pyrolysis, and condensation being significant damage mechanisms. The results are relevant for the evaluation of accident scenarios and can thus contribute to the improvement of TSI and the development of emergency measures for the protection of persons and infrastructures. T2 - ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference (PVP2023) CY - Atlanta, Georgia, USA DA - 16.07.2023 KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - MLI KW - Fire PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - ASME AN - OPUS4-57973 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Scarponi, Giordano Emrys A1 - Cozzani, Valerio A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Lh2 Tanks In Fire Incidents - The Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber Enables In-Depth Insights N2 - Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) establish themselves as important energy carriers in the transport sector. Their storage requires tanks with thermal super-insulations to keep them at cryogenic conditions for a long time. These insulation systems have proven itself in various applications over a long time. However, these insulations are still new in land transportation, where accidents involving collisions, fires, and their combination are to be expected. This study summarizes the results of the ongoing research program in which insulations commonly used in industry were analysed through experimental and numerical studies under fire-like conditions. It was found that there are strong differences among the various insulation systems. Several safety concerns and research gaps exists for layered insulations, which are typically used in land transport. To further analyse these insulation systems, a new test concept called Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (CHTTVC) was developed and manufactured. This concept enables the testing of large insulation samples under industrial conditions and the consideration of cryogenic conditions relevant for the investigation of various phenomena. The results are important for the evaluation of accident scenarios, the improvement of thermal super-insulations, and the development of emergency measures. T2 - IMECE 2024 CY - Oregon, Portland, USA DA - 17.11.2024 KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Fire KW - Insulation KW - Safety PY - 2024 SN - 978-0-7918-8869-8 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - ASME AN - OPUS4-61751 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Camplese, D. A1 - Chianese, C. A1 - Scarponi, G. A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Cozzani, V. T1 - Analysis of high temperature degradation of multi-layer insulation (MLI) systems for liquid hydrogen storage tanks N2 - The interest in hydrogen-based green energy is increasing worldwide, and the same is true for hydrogen-powered vehicles. Among the possible solutions to store hydrogen in such vehicles, cryogenic tanks equipped with multi-layer insulation (MLI) are the most promising to increase the amount of energy stored per unit volume. However, MLI is affected by severe deterioration when exposed to an external source of heat such as a fire following a car accident, leaving the tank unprotected and leading to failure in a relatively short time. In this work, a one-dimensional model to evaluate MLI thermal degradation when a liquid hydrogen tank is exposed to fire is presented. The relevance of taking MLI degradation into account when simulating the pressure increase due to external fire exposure is here demonstrated through the analysis of several case studies. The results show that MLI systems performance depletes within a few minutes of exposure to hydrocarbon poolfire. T2 - ICheaP 16 CY - Naples, Italy DA - 21.05.2023 KW - LH2 KW - MLI KW - Tiefkalt KW - Fire KW - Tank PY - 2023 SN - 2283-9216 VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. AN - OPUS4-57584 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Wasserstoff - Kryogene Anwendungen N2 - Wasserstoff wird als ein potenzieller alternativer Energieträger gesehen, mit dem die für 2050 gesetzten Klimaziele erreicht werden könnten. Der Transport von Wasserstoff ist mittels verschiedener Speichertechniken möglich, von denen der kryogene Transport mit den größten volumetrischen Energiedichten einhergeht. Hierdurch eignen sich diese Speicher besonders für die energieintensiven Verkehrsmittel im Land-, See- und Flugverkehr. Im Vortrag werden Speichertechniken, Gefahren im Umgang mit kryogenen Gasen sowie bisherige Störfälle dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Teil der aktuellen Forschungsarbeit an der BAM vorgestellt, die die Sicherheit dieser Speicher unter außergewöhnlichen Belastungen adressiert. T2 - 26. Gefahrgutkongress Mecklenburg-Vorpommern CY - Rostock, Germany DA - 03.11.2022 KW - Wasserstoff KW - H2 KW - LNG KW - LH2 KW - Tank PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56181 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Camplese, D. T1 - Analysis of high temperature degradation of multi-layer insulation (MLI) systems for liquid hydrogen storage tanks N2 - The interest in hydrogen-based green energy is increasing worldwide, and the same is true for hydrogen-powered vehicles. Among the possible solutions to store hydrogen in such vehicles, cryogenic tanks equipped with multi-layer insulation (MLI) are the most promising to increase the amount of energy stored per unit volume. However, MLI is affected by severe deterioration when exposed to an external source of heat such as a fire following a car accident, leaving the tank unprotected and leading to failure in a relatively short time. In this work, a one-dimensional model to evaluate MLI thermal degradation when a liquid hydrogen tank is exposed to fire is presented. The relevance of taking MLI degradation into account when simulating the pressure increase due to external fire exposure is here demonstrated through the analysis of several case studies. The results show that MLI systems performance depletes within a few minutes of exposure to hydrocarbon poolfire. T2 - ICheaP 16 CY - Naples, Italy DA - 21.05.2023 KW - LH2 KW - MLI KW - Fire KW - Tank PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57553 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Tanks For The Large-Scale Transport And Storage Of Liquefied Hydrogen N2 - Hydrogen is seen as a potential energy source that enables us to achieve our climate targets. Hydrogen can be well integrated into the electrical energy infrastructure, and its production and use is free of direct GHG emissions. However, tanks are needed for worldwide storage and transportation, which need to be further developed and up-scaled. In the EU-funded NICOLHy project, BAM investigates a novel insulation concept based on Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP) that enables the safe, cost- and energy-efficient storage of large quantities of LH2. Such large-scale LH2 storage technology is necessary to build tanks with capacities of 40.000 m³ to more than 200.000 m³ of LH2, as it is in application for LNG today. However, new design concepts are needed because the currently available technologies used in small and medium storages today are not suitable for up-scaling. The main problems prohibiting up-scaling are the long production time due to the process chain, the low failure tolerance, and the spherical shape of the tank, which reduces the payload in technical applications by up to 50% compared to other shapes. The novel concept will change these conditions by a system which is modular, open-form, time-and cost-efficient during production, operation and service, multi-failure tolerant and applicable for onshore and offshore applications. The NICOLHy consortium is ideally suited for this ambitious project. It brings together experts from the fields of thermodynamics, cryogenics, marine, chemistry, process, and safety engineering. Thereby, NICOLHy will accelerate the integration of hydrogen into the European energy economy and industry, which is necessary to be in line with the European Green Deal and to build trust of society in the policy and the technology. T2 - BAM Akademie H2 Safety - Colloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.11.2024 KW - LH2 KW - Insulation KW - Liquefied Hydrogen KW - Tank PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61540 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Systems for the storage of cryogenic liquefied gases N2 - Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) establish themselves as important energy carriers in the transport sector. Its storage requires tanks with Thermal Super Insulations (TSI) to keep the transported fluid cold. The presentation includes 2 main topics of the department. First TSI has proven itself in various applications over a long time, but not in the land transport sector, where accidents involving collisions, fires, and their combination are to be expected. To analyze fire scenarios a High-Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (HTTVC) was developed that allows the thermal loading of thermal insulation material in a vacuum and measuring the heat flow through the TSI in parallel. Within this chamber, 5 samples were tested regarding 3 different types of MLI, rock wool, and perlites. In the presentation, the results are presented. Second, the studying of accident scenarios enables the improvement of thermal superinsulation and to find novel insulation concepts. This is necessary for LH2 large-scale storages, for which state-of-the-art solutions are not suitable. Within the presentation, a novel insulation concept will be presented. T2 - Specialist Meeting - Threats to HAZMAT Pressure Vessels and BLEVE CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.04.2023 KW - Crygenic KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Fire KW - MLI PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57414 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - LH2 Tanks In Fire Incidents - The Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber Enables In-Depth Insights N2 - Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) establish themselves as important energy carriers in the transport sector. Their storage requires tanks with thermal super-insulations to keep them at cryogenic conditions for a long time. These insulation systems have proven itself in various applications over a long time. However, these insulations are still new in land transportation, where accidents involving collisions, fires, and their combination are to be expected. This study summarizes the results of the ongoing research program in which insulations commonly used in industry were analysed through experimental and numerical studies under fire-like conditions. It was found that there are strong differences among the various insulation systems. Several safety concerns and research gaps exists for layered insulations, which are typically used in land transport. To further analyse these insulation systems, a new test concept called Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (CHTTVC) was developed and manufactured. This concept enables the testing of large insulation samples under industrial conditions and the consideration of cryogenic conditions relevant for the investigation of various phenomena. The results are important for the evaluation of accident scenarios, the improvement of thermal super-insulations, and the development of emergency measures. T2 - IMECE 2024 CY - Portland, OR, USA DA - 17.11.2024 KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Fire KW - Insulation KW - Safety PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61752 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Camplese, Davide A1 - Scarponi, Giordano Emrys A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Hajhariri, Aliasghar A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Cozzani, Valerio T1 - Comparative performance assessment of multilayer insulation (MLI) systems for liquid hydrogen vessels in fire scenarios N2 - Multilayer Insulation (MLI) systems are a mature technology for cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH2) tank thermal insulation. Recent tests evidenced that MLI materials may be damaged when exposed to fire, resulting in critical safety issues in the case of accidents. Thus, an innovative approach to the performance assessment of aluminum and polyester-based MLIs for LH2 tanks in fire scenarios was developed. A specific model integrating the hightemperature degradation of MLIs and the thermodynamic modeling of the tank lading was coupled to specific key performance indicators. Results of the analysis applied to a vehicle-scale tank equipped with 80 MLI layers indicate that MLI degradation and consequent tank failure may occur in less than 20 min for external shell temperatures above 1160 K in the presence of full engulfment, regardless of insulation used. Conversely, degradation does not occur earlier than 3600s below 603 and 928 K for polyester and aluminum-based MLI, respectively. KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Cryogenic storage tank KW - Fire KW - Insulation PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630841 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.534 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 135 SP - 537 EP - 552 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-63084 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Denora, Isabella A1 - Clute, Clara A1 - Murillo, Natalia Cano A1 - Theiler, Geraldine A1 - Balasooriya, Winoj A1 - Kaiser, Andreas A1 - Fasching, Michael A1 - Schwarz, Thomas A1 - Marano, Claudia T1 - A study on the mechanical behaviour of carbon black and Struktosil-filled NBR compounds for hydrogen applications N2 - This study investigates the effect of the addition of a 2D filler (Struktosil) to a carbon black-filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, developed for seals in hydrogen applications. Several characterization methods have been adopted. The addition of Struktosil increases the stiffness of the material up to a strain of about 100%, to a lesser extent in presence of a plasticizer. The dissipative response of the material is increased by Struktosil addition and decreased in presence of the plasticizer. Concerning fracture behaviour, the crack initiation and Rapid Gas Decompression (RGD) resistance were not affected by the addition of Struktosil but decreased in presence of plasticizer. Furthermore, the addition of Struktosil had a positive effect on crack propagation resistance. The effects of pressurized hydrogen exposure on physical-mechanical properties were also evaluated and correlated with the results. A correlation between fracture toughness and RGD resistance has been also attempted. KW - Acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber KW - Fracture mechanics KW - 2D filler KW - High-pressure hydrogen KW - Rapid gas decompression PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-648285 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.122 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 118 SP - 407 EP - 416 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-64828 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Overview of hydrogen safety & remaining challenges in a green economy and energy transition N2 - In this talk, general aspects of the safety and acceptance of hydrogen technologies were presented. How can trust in new technologies be built when past accidents led to myths and fairy tales? The presentation does away with general prejudices and shows that handling hydrogen is neither more unsafe nor safer than handling other fuel gases. The basis for the safe handling of hydrogen is always a risk analysis. T2 - 6th SAF€RA Symposium - Safety in the new economy and energy transition CY - Rome, Italy DA - 19.05.2022 KW - Sicherer Umgang KW - Sicherheit KW - Wasserstoff Hydrogen KW - Safety PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54925 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - National Alliance for Hydrogen Safety N2 - Hydrogen as an energy carrier offers the possibility of establishing a global and local CO2-neutral energy economy. The Hydrogen Clusters4Future bundle already existing expertise in the field of hydrogen technologies in and around Aachen with actors from Industry, Science and Society. All while considering the entire hydrogen life cycle – from production to storage and distribution to use. Safety is also an important issue and independant analysis on a national level is actually not possible in Germany. Other countries like the US and Canada established national safety alliances to offer support to companies and authorities. BAM, together with other independant institutes in Germany started to establish the National Alliance for Hydrogen Safety and presented this alliance to the community of the Hydrogen Clusters4Future. T2 - Aachen Hydrogen Colloquium CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 14.05.2024 KW - Hydrogen Safety KW - National Alliance KW - Networking PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61403 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Theiler, Geraldine A1 - Cano Murillo, Natalia A1 - Sawae, Y. A1 - Shinmori, H. A1 - Hashimoto, H. A1 - Aoyagi, A. A1 - Dobbelaar, E. T1 - Towards sustainable and hydrogen compatible sealing materials N2 - Materialien auf PTFE-Basis werden in der Regel als Kolbenringe in Hochdruck- und/oder kryogenem Wasserstoff verwendet. In diesem Projekt werden neu formulierte und nachhaltigere Polymerwerkstoffe mit herkömmlichen Materialien verglichen. Auf Grundlage der tribologischen Ergebnisse werden vielversprechende Kandidaten zusammen mit Reibungsmechanismen sowohl bei Hochdruck- als auch bei Niedrigtemperatur-Wasserstoff vorgeschlagen. T2 - 66. GfT Tribologie-Fachtagung 2025 CY - Wernigerode, Germany DA - 29.09.2025 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Reibung KW - Verschleiß KW - Kolbenring KW - Dynamische Dichtung PY - 2025 VL - 09 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-64314 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schaad, C. A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Groth, Katrina M. T1 - A Framework for Transforming Process Control System Data from a Hydrogen Fueling Station into HyCReD Data N2 - Reliability data for hydrogen infrastructure components is essential for developing Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for these technologies, which in turn is necessary for a safer deployment and expansion of the hydrogen market. However, there is currently a lack of hydrogen component reliability data available for these systems, thus limiting the usefulness of insights obtained from these QRA. The Hydrogen Component Reliability Database (HyCReD) has been proposed as a tool for reliability data collection and as a source for future QRAs. In this paper, we develop a digital tool that automatically processes data coming from Process Control System (PCS) in a hydrogen fueling station, detects the relevant failure events for hydrogen systems during its operation, and then logs the event information into HyCReD. To build this tool, we first categorized the station components in hydrogen service, their specific failure modes, and the specific failure mechanisms that are relevant to a QRA. Then, we identified the data available in the station PCS and the methods available for diagnosing the relevant failure events. The resulting tool is divided into three steps: (1) PCS data collection through an API, (2) data analysis for the detection and diagnosis of new failure events, and (3) logging that event into HyCReD. Finally, we discuss the potential for expanding the detection and diagnosis to more complex failure modes present in a hydrogen fueling station. This digital tool is set for implementation and validation on an experimental hydrogen fueling site. The goal for this digital tool is to be applicable to every kind of hydrogen fueling station and to be extendable to similar hydrogen technologies. T2 - 35th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL2025) and the 33rd Society for Risk Analysis Europe Conference (SRA-E 2025) CY - Stavanger, Norway DA - 15.06.2025 KW - Reliability data KW - Hydrogen safety KW - HyCReD KW - Hydrogen Component Reliability Database KW - Hydrogen fueling station KW - Hydrogen refuelling station KW - HRS PY - 2025 UR - https://rpsonline.com.sg/proceedings/esrel-sra-e2025/html/ESREL-SRA-E2025-P6264.html SN - 978-981-94-3281-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.3850/978-981-94-3281-3-procd SP - 2663 EP - 2670 PB - Research Publishing CY - Singapore AN - OPUS4-63532 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Theiler, Geraldine T1 - An overview of tribology in gaseous Hydrogen N2 - In this presentation, an overview in gaseous hydrogen is given along with examples related to metal, coatings, polymers and rubbers materials. T2 - International Seminar, Hydrogen & Materials 2024 CY - Espoo, Finland DA - 06.06.2024 KW - Hydrogen KW - Friction KW - Wear KW - Materials PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61408 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo T1 - Hydrogen sensing - Sensors for safety and process control in Hydrogentechnologies N2 - The success of this energy transition and the efficient utilization of green hydrogen as a pristine energy carrier hinge upon the cultivation of hydrogen readiness, swift market expansion, and the establishment of crucial value chains within national and European contexts. Paramount to these objectives are reliable quality and safety standards, essential for ensuring supply safety, environmental compatibility, and instilling confidence in these technologies. In the realm of safety management systems, gas sensors emerge as vital components for detecting hydrogen. This presentation delves into the imperative role of hydrogen systems, emphasizing their capability to monitor and control operations, issue warnings, signal hazardous conditions, and sound alarms. It explores the intricate landscape of functional safety considerations and addresses the challenges associated with measurement uncertainty in sensor testing. A diverse array of sensors catering to hydrogen, pressure, temperature, and flow are available, each contributing significantly to the safety and efficiency of hydrogen technologies. Applications are envisaged to adhere meticulously to quality infrastructural regulations, codes, and standards, ensuring seamless integration and operation within the broader hydrogen ecosystem. This discussion underscores the ubiquitous presence of sensor systems across various fields within hydrogen technologies, illustrating their multifaceted contributions to safety, reliability, and overall success in realizing the transformative potential of green hydrogen. T2 - Summer School 2023 Characterization of micro- and nano-materials at BTU Cottbus CY - Cottbus, Germany DA - 11.09.2023 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - Hydrogen KW - Sensor KW - Gas detection KW - Process control KW - Safety KW - Sensor testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59227 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hajhariri, Aliasghar A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Cryogenic storage system behaviour under fire : A study of the insulation impact N2 - The transition from fossil fuels to low-emission alternatives is essential to mitigate carbon emissions in energy-intensive sectors. Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is a promising energy carrier due to its high gravimetric energy density, but its storage requires advanced insulation to minimize heat ingress and prevent excessive boil-off losses. Multilayer insulation (MLI), perlite, and microspheres are commonly used under vacuum conditions, yet their performance under fire exposure remains a critical concern. This study investigates the thermal degradation of insulation materials and its impact on heat transfer in an event with extreme thermal load conditions using the Cryogenic High-Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (CHTTVC). The heat flow dynamics are analyzed, and an equivalent heat transfer coefficient is proposed to quantify the impact of insulation deterioration as the outer wall temperature increases. Additionally, a novel liquid-vapor interface monitoring method is introduced to improve real-time detection of phase changes within the tank. The results highlight that insulation failure substantially increases the heat flow, which, if not mitigated, can lead to boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions (BLEVE), jet fires, or catastrophic tank failure. The findings provide valuable insights into optimizing LH2 storage safety and improving emergency response strategies for cryogenic tanks exposed to extreme thermal conditions. T2 - 11th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety ICHS 2025 CY - Seoul, South Korea DA - 22.09.2025 KW - Multi-Layer Insulation KW - Cryogenic KW - Liquid Hydrogen KW - Heat transfer PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64200 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Repeatable Testing of a Cryogenic Storage Tank with Variable Insulation Material in Fire Like Conditions N2 - For decarbonizing the energy industry and transport, cryogenic energy carriers have great potential. The storage takes place in tanks with thermal super-insulations, which are in application for decades, but there is only limited knowledge about its behaviour in a fire scenario. This represents a major incident that may generate extraordinary loads on the tank and its insulation system, and that eventually lead to a sudden tank failure. This paper presents a test rig called the Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (CHTTVC), which can be used to test typical thermal superinsulation’s under cryogenic and fire-like conditions in parallel. The test method makes it possible to measure the heat flow through the thermal superinsulation over time and to investigate the degradation behaviour of the insulation within a test. In the paper results from the first tests are presented. T2 - 18th Cryogenics 2025, IIR Conference CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 07.04.2025 KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Fire KW - Insulation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prewitz, M. A1 - Gaber, M. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Marotzke, C. A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Polymer coated glass capillaries and structures for high-pressure hydrogen storage: Permeability and hydrogen tightness N2 - The hydrogen tightness of high-pressure hydrogen storage is a Basic criterion for long-term storage. The H2 permeation coefficients of epoxy resin and a glass lacquer were determined to enable the geometric optimization of a glass capillary storage. It was found that the curing conditions have no significant influence on the H2 permeation coefficient of resin. The H2 permeation coefficient of epoxy resin is only about three orders of Magnitude greater than that of borosilicate glass. This suggests that the initial pressure of 700 bar takes about 2.5 years to be halved in capillary array storage. Therefore, a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank based on glass capillaries is ideally suited for long-term storage in mobile applications. KW - Permeability KW - Glass capillaries KW - Coating KW - Hydrogen storage KW - Long-term calculation KW - Epoxy resin PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.12.092 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 43 IS - 11 SP - 5637 EP - 5644 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-44327 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Trust in Hydrogen Technologies - Safety Issues in the Hydrogen Value Chain N2 - In June 2020, updated in July 2023, the German government presented the National Hydrogen Strategy (NHS), its first strategy for achieving the goals of its hydrogen policy. The NHS sets out a coherent framework for action for the future production, transportation and use of hydrogen and its derivatives, including the corresponding research, innovations and investments. Various measures have been defined to achieve goals such as the decarbonization of various sectors and the market introduction of hydrogen technologies. This will ultimately lead to the introduction of many “new” technologies in many areas of our daily lives, which will only be successful if decision-makers and the public are convinced that these technologies are safe. Therefore, the safety of hydrogen technologies is an important pillar in gaining and maintaining confidence in these new technologies. Safety must keep pace with, or better still anticipate, trends in technological development in order to avoid overly conservative and expensive s T2 - 10th World Energy Congress (WEC 2024) CY - Singapore DA - 12.11.2024 KW - Hydrogen Safety KW - Trustworthiness KW - Safety research KW - Accidents PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62174 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Theiler, Geraldine A1 - Halder, Karabi A1 - Balasooriya, Winoj T1 - Effect of high-pressure hydrogen environment on the physical and mechanical properties of elastomers N2 - This paper deals with the exposure of HBNR rubbers to high pressure hydrogen (100 MPa) at 120 °C for 7 and 21 days under static conditions followed by characterization of their physical and mechanical properties. T2 - EHEC European Hydrogen Energy Conference 2022 CY - Madrid, Spain DA - 18.05.2022 KW - Rubbers KW - Hydrogen KW - Characterization PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-62085 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Harwege, Finn T1 - Testing of vacuum insulation panels for liquefied hydrogen storage tanks N2 - For the future use of liquefied hydrogen (LH2) as a green energy carrier, new concepts for storage tanks and in particular their insulation are necessary. The methodology applied in current LH2 tanks has some disadvantages while manufacturing and operation of large tanks that may be required in the future. While liquefied natural gas tanks exist in the necessary capacities, they are incompatible with LH2 due to its significantly lower storage temperature. In this paper, the possibility of using vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) as an alternative to the conventional double walled, powder filled vacuum insulation is presented. The two systems are introduced and compared on a conceptual level with a focus on the loss of vacuum failure mode. Furthermore, a test rig that enables the testing and quantification of thermal properties of VIP based insulations in ordinary and loss of vacuum conditions is presented. The test rig is a boil-off calorimeter using liquefied nitrogen and features a square cold surface with a side length of 2 m. An overview over the planned testing and its goals is given. T2 - 18th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 08.06.2025 KW - Liquefied Hydrogen KW - LH2 KW - Cryogenics KW - Vacuum KW - Vacuum Insulation Panel PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63426 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Böttcher, Nils T1 - Nominal and Off-Nominal Battery / High Energy Storage Testing Off-Nominal cell and battery testing at BAM N2 - The abuse testing of electrochemical energy storage systems poses a major safety challenge. Thanks to its core competence in ensuring safety in technology and chemistry, BAM has the capabilities to carry out safety tests from small to large scale. Tests up to approx. 200Wh (lithium-ion batteries) can be carried out in the cell test center and abuse tests up to 20kWh are possible in the open field test on the TTS. T2 - Europe Energy Storage Safety Summit CY - Petten, Netherlands DA - 08.10.2024 KW - Battery Safety KW - Abuse testing KW - Lithium-ion batteries KW - Safety critical tests PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62321 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Markthochlauf von Wasserstofftechnologien - Vertrauen durch Sicherheit N2 - Beim BAM-UBA-Behördenerfahrungsaustausch 2022 hat die BAM zu dem Schwerpunktthema Wasserstoff den von der Bundesregierung avisierten Markthochlauf und das Thema Vertrauen durch Sicherheit vorgestellt. Dabei wurde das Kompetenzzentrum H2Safety mit seinen derzeitigen Aktivitäten ebenso vorgestellt wie sicherheitstechnische Fragestellungen, die über die Wertschöpfungskette hinweg derzeit existieren. Dabei handelt es sich um Fragestellungen zur Materialeignung und -kompatibilität, Leckageüberwachung, Schutzkonzepte und Unfallszenarien. Darüber hinaus gibt es Themen, die keinen direkten Bezug zur Sicherheit haben, aber das Vertaruen in Wasserstofftechnologien deutlich fördern können. Neben Aus- und Weiterbildungskonzepten wurden auch die Themen Akzeptanz und Risikokommunikation sowie Normung und Standardisierung behandelt. T2 - BAM-UBA-Behördenerfahrungsaustausch 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.06.2022 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - Markthochlauf KW - Vertrauen PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55138 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Harwege, Finn T1 - Testing of vacuum insulation panels for liquid hydrogen storage tanks N2 - Vacuum insulation panel (VIP) based insulation could present an alternative to the common double walled vacuum insulation for large liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) storage tanks. In this paper a brief introduction on VIPs and the envisioned design of VIP-based LH2-tank insulation is given. The design of a flat plate boil-off calorimeter for the testing of the insulation concept is shown, with regard to thermal design, mechanical design and instrumentation. Finally, an overview over the particular challenges for modelling VIP-based insulation and the proposed testing to be performed on the test rig is presented. T2 - 18th Cryogenics IIR International Conference CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 07.04.2025 KW - Liquefied Hydrogen KW - Insulation KW - Calorimeter KW - LH2 KW - VIP KW - Vacuum Insulation Panel PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Neues Klassifizierungssystem für Lithiumbatterien N2 - Um Lithiumbatterien sicherer aber gleichzeitig auch dem Gefährdungszustand angemessener und damit wirtschaftlich effizienter transportieren zu können, wird aktuell bei UN ein Klassifizierungssystem nach Gefährlichkeit ausgearbeitet. Als eine der intensiv mitarbeitenden zuständigen Behörden weltweit hat die BAM zahlreiche Untersuchungen selbst durchgeführt und arbeitet an Lösungsansätzen mit. T2 - Gefahrguttag des BMDV im Rahmen der IAA CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 19.09.2024 KW - Lithiumbatterien KW - Klassifizierung KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Gefährlichkeit PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62326 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - New concepts in liquid hydrogen storage N2 - On the way to the energy transition, cryogenic fluids such as Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) are very important. They enable the large-scale economic transport and storage of energy as well as they represent alternative fuels for energy-intensive mobile applications such as aircrafts, ships and HGVs. For the last one, the number of vehicles and fuel stations has increased rapidly in the last 10 years all over Europe. Does this also entail new risks, for instance from a BLEVE in case of fires? To answer this question, BAM has conducted several research projects over the last decades and intensified the research recently with several experimental, numerical, and empirical outcomes on how a tank with insulation behaves in a fire. The presentation shows an overview of this research. The findings are relevant for global standardization procedures and to improve the overall safety in chemistry and technics. T2 - Hydrogen Refueling Station Opening CY - Baruth/Mark, Germany DA - 03.07.2025 KW - LH2 KW - Insulation KW - Fire KW - LNG KW - Safety PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63628 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nattuveettil, Keerthana T1 - Hydrogen safety- Dealing with Closed Spaces N2 - This work focuses on the detection and monitoring of hydrogen concentration in closed spaces, to improve safety by developing a sensor network-based leak detection system. This will help in prevention of accumulation of hazardous mixtures. Furthermore, the study details the implementation of a hydrogen sensor network within a container, analysing sensor placement, data collection, and safety improvements. T2 - SMSI 2025 CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 06.05.2025 KW - Sensor Network KW - Hydrogen safety KW - QI-Digital PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63199 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo T1 - Hydrogen sensing - Sensors for safety and process control in Hydrogentechnologies N2 - The success of this energy transition and the efficient utilization of green hydrogen as a pristine energy carrier hinge upon the cultivation of hydrogen readiness, swift market expansion, and the establishment of crucial value chains within national and European contexts. Paramount to these objectives are reliable quality and safety standards, essential for ensuring supply safety, environmental compatibility, and instilling confidence in these technologies. In the realm of safety management systems, gas sensors emerge as vital components for detecting hydrogen. This presentation delves into the imperative role of hydrogen systems, emphasizing their capability to monitor and control operations, issue warnings, signal hazardous conditions, and sound alarms. It explores the intricate landscape of functional safety considerations and addresses the challenges associated with measurement uncertainty in sensor testing. A diverse array of sensors catering to hydrogen, pressure, temperature, and flow are available, each contributing significantly to the safety and efficiency of hydrogen technologies. Applications are envisaged to adhere meticulously to quality infrastructural regulations, codes, and standards, ensuring seamless integration and operation within the broader hydrogen ecosystem. This discussion underscores the ubiquitous presence of sensor systems across various fields within hydrogen technologies, illustrating their multifaceted contributions to safety, reliability, and overall success in realizing the transformative potential of green hydrogen. T2 - Joint European Summer School 2023 on Fuel Cell, Electrolyser, and Battery Technologies CY - Vravrona, Greece DA - 17.09.2023 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - SensRef KW - Hydrogen KW - KICstartH2 KW - Gas detection KW - Sensor testing KW - Hydrogen gas sensor PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59228 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Heßmann, Jennifer A1 - Werner, Jan A1 - Scarponi, Giordano Emrys A1 - Cozzani, Valerio A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Investigation of Realistic Fire Scenarios Involving Cryogenic Storage Tanks N2 - The number of vehicles using or transporting cryogenic fuels such as Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) increases fast in the land transportation sector. Does this also entail new risks for instance from a BLEVE? A key to answer this question is to research representative fires by its characterization and its effect on the insulation. At BAM’s technical test side in Germany, a test series was started to answer this question among others. This paper presents results on a pool fire under a colorimeter, that simulates a tank. The investigation points out, that the full fire characterization approach allows to represent the fire. The findings are relevant for the investigation of a representative design fire that is applicable for the approval and improvement of tanks as well as to research accident scenarios and their consequences. T2 - Loss Prevention 2025 CY - Bologna, Italien DA - 09.06.2025 KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Fire KW - Tank KW - Safety PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET25116031 SN - 2283-9216 IS - 116 SP - 181 EP - 186 PB - AIDIC AN - OPUS4-63738 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo T1 - Error Prevention, Damage Prevention, and Safety Management in Hydrogen Technologies N2 - In order to integrate the error prevention and damage prevention strategy into hydrogen technologies, it is important to proactively look out for potential weaknesses in the systems and processes. This includes the implementation of preventive measures as elements of safety management in order to identify and eliminate potential sources of error. In addition, training should be specifically focussed on avoiding errors and the safe use of hydrogen technologies. The principial approach of a gas sensor testing laboratory shows how to ensure reliable results, it is advisable to conduct sensor testing under controlled conditions, focusing on identifying specific properties and quantifying performance criteria. A well thought-out strategy for error prevention makes a significant contribution to preventing accidents and increasing overall safety when using hydrogen. T2 - 5th Germany-Korea Hydrogen Conference CY - Halle (Saale), Germany DA - 22.10.2024 KW - Hydrogen KW - Safety KW - Safety Management KW - Error Prevention KW - Reference Procedure PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62563 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Schukar, Marcus T1 - Beiträge der Prozessanalytik und Sensorik zur Sicherheit in Wasserstofftechnologien N2 - Intelligent sensor systems, certified reference materials and instrumental analytical-chemical methods contribute to safety and functionality in hydrogen technologies. This article gives a brief overview of SensRef activities in the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM on the issues: Analytical methods for the determination of hydrogen purity, certified reference materials as measurement standards with regard to gas quality (primary calibrators) of BAM, test methods for gas sensor systems to detect hydrogen in air as well as the application of fibre-optic sensor systems to monitor the expansion and ageing behaviour of composite containers in hydrogen technologies. T2 - Berlin Brandenburger Optik-Tag "Einsatz von Sensorik und Mikroelektronik in der Wasserstoffwirtschaft" CY - Online meeting DA - 29.11.2021 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - SensRef KW - Gas analysis KW - Gas purity KW - Fibre-optic sensors KW - Sensor response KW - Certified reference materials PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54138 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo T1 - Introduction of H2Safety@BAM N2 - This contribution for the Open Forum of the 8th HSN Symposium introduces the SensRef activities of the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM. T2 - 8. HSN-Symposium - HybridSensorNet e. V. CY - Online meeting DA - 11.11.2021 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - SensRef KW - Hydrogen PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54137 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Theiler, Geraldine T1 - Effect of hydrogen pressure on the fretting behavior of elastomers N2 - In this study, the fretting behavior of several elastomer materials against 316L were evaluated in air and hydrogen environment up to 10 MPa. Furthermore, aging experiments were conducted for 7 days under static conditions in 100 MPa hydrogen and the physical and mechanical properties of the rubber materials were examined before and after hydrogen exposure. Fretting tests revealed that the wear of these compounds is significantly affected by the hydrogen environment compared to air, especially with NBR grades. After aging experiment, the friction response of HNBR grades is characterized by increased adhesion due to elastic deformation, leading to partial slip. T2 - 4th Int. Conf. on Polymer Tribology, PolyTrib 2022 CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 05.12.2022 KW - Hydrogen KW - Fretting KW - Elastomers PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-62006 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo T1 - Hydrogen Sensing - Sensors for Safety and Process Control in Hydrogen Technologies N2 - The success of this energy transition and the efficient utilization of green hydrogen as a pristine energy carrier hinge upon the cultivation of hydrogen readiness, swift market expansion, and the establishment of crucial value chains within national and European contexts. Paramount to these objectives are reliable quality and safety standards, essential for ensuring supply safety, environmental compatibility, and instilling confidence in these technologies. In the realm of safety management systems, gas sensors emerge as vital components for detecting hydrogen. This presentation delves into the imperative role of hydrogen systems, emphasizing their capability to monitor and control operations, issue warnings, signal hazardous conditions, and sound alarms. It explores the intricate landscape of functional safety considerations and addresses the challenges associated with measurement uncertainty in sensor testing. A diverse array of sensors catering to hydrogen, pressure, temperature, and flow are available, each contributing significantly to the safety and efficiency of hydrogen technologies. Applications are envisaged to adhere meticulously to quality infrastructural regulations, codes, and standards, ensuring seamless integration and operation within the broader hydrogen ecosystem. This discussion underscores the ubiquitous presence of sensor systems across various fields within hydrogen technologies, illustrating their multifaceted contributions to safety, reliability, and overall success in realizing the transformative potential of green hydrogen. T2 - Joint European Summer School JESS 2024 CY - Vravrona, Greece DA - 16.09.2024 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - Hydrogen KW - Sensor KW - Sensor technology KW - Safety KW - Process control PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61677 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Theiler, Geraldine T1 - Toward sustainable and hydrogen compatible sealing materials N2 - As sealing components, polymeric materials are used in a wide range of applications e.g. as O-rings and piston rings in high-pressure and/or cryogenic hydrogen. For these extreme demanding application, PTFE or PPS based materials are often used as high-performance polymer matrix. This project aims to provide a safe and sustainable sealing solutions for hydrogen applications. New materials with improved sustainability were investigated and compared with conventional grades. Tests were performed in hydrogen over a wide range of temperature and pressure (0.1 MPa to 40 MPa, and 100°C down to -150°C) at Kyushu University and BAM using a pin-on-disk apparatus in a continuous sliding motion. Polymer samples ran against 316L disk at 0.5 m/s and 3 MPa contact pressure. Based on the tribological results and surface analyses, promising candidates are suggested along with friction mechanisms in both high-pressure and low temperature hydrogen. T2 - STLE Meeting CY - Atlanta, Georgia, USA DA - 18.05.2025 KW - Hydrogen KW - Friction KW - Wear KW - Piston ring KW - Reciprocating seals PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63809 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bock, Robert T1 - Introduction Living Lab Hydrogen Refueling Station N2 - Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) forscht und prüft für Sicherheit in Technik und Chemie an drei Standorten in Berlin, sowie auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit in Horstwalde in Brandenburg. Hier haben wir weitreichende Möglichkeiten, Großversuche im Realmaßstab durchzuführen. Besonderes Augenmerk richten wir heute auf das Reallabor Wasserstofftankstelle. Diese voll digitalisierte technische Anlage, die die Wertschöpfungskette von Wasserstoff abbildet, wurde gerade eröffnet und steht nun Partnern aus Industrie und Forschung sowie kleinen mittelständischen Unternehmen oder Start-Ups zum gemeinsamen Forschen und Erproben neuer Technologie zur Verfügung. Ihre Besonderheiten umfassen z.B. eine umfassende Prozessüberwachung nach Industrie 4.0, die dafür nötige IT/OT Infrastruktur, Digitale Zwillinge auf verschiedenen Ebenen, großflächige Aufstellung und baulicher Schutz, Gas-Probenahmestellen auf dem Weg durch die Anlage und H2-Sensornetzwerke zur frühzeitigen Erfassung und Ortung von Leckagen. T2 - Sonderkolloquium H2safety@BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.11.2025 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Reallabor KW - Digitalisierung PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Melzer, Michael T1 - Sensors for safety and process control in hydrogen technologies - Part II - Seminar about the expression of uncertainty in measurement N2 - The determination of the measurement uncertainty of quantitative and qualitative results is an important quality management tool, for example to describe measuring equipment, procedures, measurement results and the quality of products. The lecture presents the process description for the determination of the measurement uncertainty according to GUM, the determination of uncertainties in qualitative measurement results and the application of the measurement uncertainty for conformity assessment. T2 - Joint European Summer School 2021 on Fuel Cell, Electrolyser, and Battery Technologies CY - Online meeting DA - 12.09.2021 KW - Quality management tool KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - Quantiative results KW - Qualitative results KW - Conformity assessment PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54132 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo T1 - Sensors for safety and process control in hydrogen technologies N2 - Sensor systems are widely used in hydrogen technologies. The lecture presents requirements and properties of sensor systems and shows application examples of these technologies for safety and process control for hydrogen technologies. The focus is on gas sensors as well as sensors for pressure, temperature and gas flow. These systems are applied, among other things, for monitoring and control of operating conditions, indication of hazardous conditions and triggering of alarms. T2 - Joint European Summer School 2021 on Fuel Cell, Electrolyser, and Battery Technologies CY - Online meeting DA - 12.09.2021 KW - Sensor KW - Safety KW - Process control KW - Hydrogen technologies PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54131 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Theiler, Geraldine T1 - Comparative evaluation of the sliding performance of polymers materials in gaseous and liquid hydrogen N2 - The focus of this study is to evaluate the influence of hydrogen on the friction and wear behavior of a wide range of commercially available polymer materials. Thereby, Filled and unfilled polymers from different suppliers were evaluated at room temperature in air and hydrogen gas (H2) as well as in liquid hydrogen at - 253°C (LH2). T2 - 2023 Hydrogenius & I2CNER Tribology Symposium CY - Fukuoka, Japan DA - 03.02.2023 KW - Hydrogen KW - Tribology KW - Cryogenic KW - LH2 KW - Polymers PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-61961 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Harwege, Finn A1 - Schmidt, Heiko A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Testing of vacuum insulation panels for liquid hydrogen storage tanks N2 - Vacuum insulation panel (VIP) based insulation could present an alternative to the common double walled vacuum insulation for large liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) storage tanks. In this paper a brief introduction on VIPs and the envisioned design of VIP-based LH2-tank insulation is given. The design of a flat plate boil-off calorimeter for the testing of the insulation concept is shown, with regard to thermal design, mechanical design and instrumentation. Finally, an overview over the particular challenges for modelling VIP-based insulation and the proposed testing to be performed on the test rig is presented. T2 - 18th Cryogenics IIR International Conference CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 07.04.2025 KW - Liquefied Hydrogen KW - Insulation KW - Calorimeter KW - Vacuum Insulation Panel KW - LH2 PY - 2025 SN - 0151-1637 DO - https://doi.org/10.18462/iir.cryo.2025.0010 SN - 978-2-36215-053-1 VL - 2025 SP - 168 EP - 174 PB - ICCEX CY - Prag AN - OPUS4-62959 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo T1 - Fehlervermeidung, Schadenverhütung und Sicherheitsmanagement in der Wasserstofftechnologie N2 - Um den Aspekt der Strategie zur Fehlervermeidung und Schadenprävention in Wasserstofftechnologien zu integrieren, ist es entscheidend, proaktiv auf potenzielle Schwachstellen in den Systemen und Prozessen zu achten. Dies beinhaltet die Implementierung von präventiven Maßnahmen als Elemente des Sicherheitsmanagements, um mögliche Fehlerquellen zu identifizieren und zu eliminieren. Darüber hinaus sollten Schulungen gezielt auf die Vermeidung von Fehlern und die sichere Anwendung von Wasserstofftechnologien ausgerichtet sein. Eine durchdachte Strategie zur Fehlervermeidung trägt wesentlich dazu bei, Unfälle zu verhindern und die Gesamtsicherheit bei der Nutzung von Wasserstoff zu erhöhen. T2 - Forum Schadenverhütung am 12.10.2023 der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berlin Brandenburg (AGS) in Kooperation mit der AGBB Berlin e.V CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.10.2023 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - Gassensorik KW - Wasserstoff KW - Fehlervermeidung KW - Schadenverhütung KW - Sicherheitsmanagement PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59226 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lay, Vera T1 - Multi-sensor conception for safe sealing structures in underground repositories N2 - The project "SealWasteSafe" of the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (Berlin) deals with sealing structures applied for underground disposal of nuclear waste from two perspectives: material improvement for application in sealing constructions and feasibility study regarding multi-sensor approaches to ensure quality assurance and long-term monitoring. One specimen of 150 l made of alkali-activated material, which was found innovative and suitable for sealing constructions based on preliminary laboratory studies, and another one made of conventional salt concrete, are manufactured with an integrated multi-sensory setup for quality assurance and long-term-monitoring. The specimens were left in their cast form and additionally thermally insulated to simulate the situation in the repository. The multi-sensory concept comprises RFID technology embedded in the specimens suppling material temperature and moisture measurements, integrated distributed fibre optic sensing allowing strain measurement and acoustic emission testing for monitoring crack formation. Overall, the suitability and the functionality of the sensors embedded into and attached to strongly alkaline (pH > 13 for the AAM) and salt corrosive (NaCl) environment was proven for the first 672 h. First RFID measurement succeeded after 626 h for the alkali-activated material and after 192 h for the conventional salt concrete. Strain measurement based on fibre optic sensing turned out the alkali-activated material (> 1 mm/m) undergoing approximately twice the compression strain as the salt concrete (< 0.5 mm/m). In contrast, the acoustic emission first and single hits representing crack formation in numbers, was found for alkali-activated material half of that detected at the salt concrete. T2 - SMIRT 26 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.07.2022 KW - SealWasteSafe KW - Monitoring KW - Acoustic emission KW - Fibre optic sensing KW - RFID technology KW - Alkali-activated material PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55372 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - The critical role of safety in hydrogen and energy projects across the continent N2 - Safety plays a critical role in the success and sustainability of hydrogen and energy projects across Africa, where the push for clean and renewable energy is rapidly gaining momentum. Given hydrogen’s flammability and the complex infrastructure required for its production, storage, and transport, strict safety protocols are essential to protect workers, communities, and the environment. In regions with developing regulatory frameworks, establishing robust safety standards and fostering a culture of safety is vital to attract investment, ensure public trust, and prevent accidents that could derail progress. Prioritizing safety not only safeguards lives but also supports the long-term viability and credibility of Africa’s emerging hydrogen economy. T2 - Global African Hydrogen Summit - Technical Seminar Programme CY - Windhoek, Namibia DA - 09.09.2025 KW - Safety KW - Namibia KW - Hydrogen infrastructure KW - Acceptance KW - Expert recommendations PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64435 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gomes, Bruna F. A1 - Prokop, Martin A1 - Bystron, Tomas A1 - Loukrakpam, Rameshwori A1 - Melke, Julia A1 - Lobo, Carlos M. S. A1 - Fink, Michael A1 - Zhu, Mengshu A1 - Voloshina, Elena A1 - Kutter, Maximilian A1 - Hoffmann, Hendrik A1 - Yusenko, Kirill V. A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Röder, Bettina A1 - Bouzek, Karel A1 - Paulus, Beate A1 - Roth, Christina T1 - Following Adsorbed Intermediates on a Platinum Gas Diffusion Electrode in H3PO3-Containing Electrolytes Using In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy N2 - One of the challenges of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is the poisoning of the Pt catalystwith H3PO4. H3PO4 is imbibed into the routinely used polybenzimidazole-based membranes, which facilitate Proton conductivity in the temperature range of 120−200 °C. However, when leached out of the membrane by water produced during operation, H3PO4 adsorbs on the Pt catalyst surface, blocking the active sites and hindering the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The reduction of H3PO4 to H3PO3, which occurs at the anode due to a combination of a low potential and the presence of gaseous H2, has been investigated as an additional important contributing factor to the observed poisoning effect. H3PO3 has an affinity toward adsorption on Pt surfaces even greater than that of H2PO4 −. In this work, we investigated the poisoning effect of both H3PO3 and H3PO4 using a half-cell setup with a gas diffusion electrode under ambient conditions. By means of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it was possible to follow the signature of different species adsorbed on the Pt nanoparticle catalyst (H, O, H2PO4 −, and H3PO3) at different potentials under ORR conditions in various electrolytes (HClO4, H3PO4, and H3PO3). It was found that H3PO3 adsorbs in a pyramidal configuration P(OH)3 through a Pt−P bond. The competition between H3PO4 and H3PO3 adsorption was studied, which should allow for a better understanding of the catalyst poisoning mechanism and thus assist in the development of strategies to mitigate this phenomenon in the future by minimizing H3PO3 generation by, for example, improved catalyst design or adapted operation conditions or changes in the electrolyte composition. KW - H3PO4 life cycle KW - XAS KW - In situ coupling KW - High-temperature fuel cells KW - H3PO3, KW - Δμ XANES PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.2c02630 SN - 2155-5435 VL - 12 IS - 18 SP - 11472 EP - 11484 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-64733 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peters, Stefan A1 - Bartling, Stephan A1 - Parlinska-Wojtan, Magdalena A1 - Wotzka, Alexander A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Wohlrab, Sebastian A1 - Abdel-Mageed, Ali M. T1 - Stabilization of intermediate Mo oxidation states by Nb doping enhancing methane aromatization on Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts N2 - The dehydroaromatization of methane is a promising process to produce aromatics and ultra-pure hydrogen. Increased yields and stability of Mo/HZSM-5 against irreversible deactivation were achieved via a redox interaction by doping with otherwise inert Nb. KW - General Materials Science KW - Sustainability and the Environment KW - General Chemistry KW - Renewable Energy PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597670 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA07532J SN - 2050-7488 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-59767 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - C. Pardo Pérez, L. A1 - Arndt, A. A1 - Stojkovikj, S. A1 - Y. Ahmet, I. A1 - T. Arens,, J. A1 - Dattila, F. A1 - Wendt, R. A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Davies, V. A1 - Höflich, K. A1 - Köhnen, E. A1 - Tockhorn, P. A1 - Golnak, R. A1 - Xiao, J. A1 - Schuck, G. A1 - Wollgarten, M. A1 - López, N. A1 - T. Mayer, M. T1 - Determining Structure-Activity Relationships in Oxide Derived CuSn Catalysts During CO2 Electroreduction Using X-Ray Spectroscopy N2 - The development of earth-abundant catalysts for selective electrochemical CO2 conversion is a central challenge. Cu-Sn bimetallic catalysts can yield selective CO2 reduction toward either CO or formate. This study presents oxide-derived Cu-Sn catalysts tunable for either product and seeks to understand the synergetic effects between Cu and Sn causing these selectivity trends. The materials undergo significant transformations under CO2 reduction conditions, and their dynamic bulk and surface structures are revealed by correlating observations from multiple methods—X-ray absorption spectroscopy for in situ study, and quasi in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface sensitivity. For both types of catalysts, Cu transforms to metallic Cu0 under reaction conditions. However, the Sn speciation and content differ significantly between the catalyst types: the CO-selective catalysts exhibit a surface Sn content of 13 at. % predominantly present as oxidized Sn, while the formate-selective catalysts display an Sn content of ≈70 at. % consisting of both metallic Sn0 and Sn oxide species. Density functional theory simulations suggest that Snδ+ sites weaken CO adsorption, thereby enhancing CO selectivity, while Sn0 sites hinder H adsorption and promote formate production. This study reveals the complex dependence of catalyst structure, composition, and speciation with electrochemical bias in bimetallic Cu catalysts. KW - Electrochemical CO2 conversion KW - Cu catalysts KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547116 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103328 SN - 1614-6832 VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 2103328 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH AN - OPUS4-54711 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sturm, Patrick A1 - Moye, J. A1 - Gluth, Gregor A1 - Vogler, Nico A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten ED - Rossignol, S. ED - Gluth, Gregor T1 - Properties of alkali-activated mortars with salt aggregate for sealing structures in evaporite rock N2 - Concrete structures for sealing of tunnels in the host rock are an essential part of systems for nuclear waste storage. However, concretes based on blended cements or magnesium oxychloride cements, which are commonly considered for this application, can deteriorate severely due to a significant heat of hydration and associated deformation and cracking. Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) offer a potential solution to this problem because of their low heat release during hardening. To explore their suitability for the construction of sealing structures in evaporite rock, various AAMs with salt aggregate were studied regarding fresh properties, heat release, mechanical properties and microstructure. The heat of reaction of the AAMs was up to 55% lower than that of a blended cement designed for sealing structures, indicating significant benefits for the intended application. Other relevant properties such as mechanical strength and permeability depended strongly on the mix-design of the AAMs and curing conditions. KW - Alkali-activated materials KW - Geopolymers KW - Nuclear waste storage KW - Sealing structures KW - Evaporite rock PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-519422 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2020.100041 SN - 2666-5395 VL - 5 IS - Special issue: Alkali-activated materials and geopolymers in ceramics and beyond SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-51942 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kästle, Emanuel A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Ghaznavi, Ali T1 - DAVID Project meeting 23.09.2025 N2 - Yearly report on the DAVID project, presented in front of the consortial partners. The report shows the progress achieved by the DAVID project team at BAM in terms of testing newly developed carbon-fiber reinforced pressure vessels of type IV. T2 - DAVID project meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.09.2025 KW - Acoustic Emission KW - Pressure Vessels KW - DAVID project KW - Damage monitoring KW - Fiber reinforced polymers PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65289 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baer, Wolfram T1 - On the assessment of dynamic fracture toughness of ferritic ductile cast iron using the master curve concept N2 - An established and validated method to determine and assess dynamic fracture toughness values of ferritic ductile cast iron (DCI) in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime is currently not available. Although the ASME-Code, Sect. III, Div. 3, WC-2330 explicitly requires safety assessment considerations for dynamic loading, sufficiently substantial information on the procedure is not given. Therefore, the applicability of the probabilistic Master Curve (MC) concept according to ASTM E1921 to DCI is being investigated in the joint German research project MCGUSS conducted by BAM Berlin and MPA Stuttgart. Using a tailored manufacturing specification, a DCI material of grade GJS-400 has been casted to provide a test material which is very homogeneous but typical for heavy-sections. The experimental test program covers test specimens of various geometries and sizes (Tensile, Charpy-V, Pellini, SE(B)10, SE(B)25, SE(B)140, DC(T)9, C(T)25 and C(T)50). In total about 500 specimens will be tested to investigate and validate the Master Curve concept and its background for DCI (e.g. size effects, weakest-link, Weibull distribution, microstructure-property correlation). While the whole project has not yet concluded, several work packages have already been completed. This presentation is focused on dynamic large-scale fracture mechanics test series using SE(B)140 specimens and instrumented Charpy impact testing using ISO-V specimens. T2 - European Conference on Fracture 2024 CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 26.08.2024 KW - Dynamic fracture toughness KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Master curve concept PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61452 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baer, Wolfram T1 - Recent Results on the Investigation of the Master Curve Concept for Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron N2 - Within the current framework for safety assessment of ferritic ductile cast iron (DCI) containers for transport as well as interim and final storage of radioactive materials, the IAEA guidelines SSG 26 apply fracture mechanics principles. Crack initiation in either, stable or unstable modes is generally forbidden. Additionally, for DCI, the ASME-Code, Sect. III, Div. 3, WC-2330, explicitly requires a safety proof regarding dynamic loading conditions. Nevertheless, corresponding information given in the ASME Code does not seem to be sufficient to appropriately perform a dynamic fracture mechanics safety assessment for DCI. To address and improve this status of the dynamic brittle fracture safety assessment framework for DCI, the application of the fracture mechanics master curve (MC) concept to DCI is being investigated in an ongoing joint research project (acronym MCGUSS) between BAM Berlin and MPA Stuttgart. For ferritic DCI, the MCGUSS project addresses the currently lacking systematic review of applicability and potential modifications to the assumptions and the procedure according to ASTM E1921. The aim is to establish a methodology to determine and assess dynamic fracture toughness values of DCI in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime using small samples extracted from a component. The research approach and the planned investigations were outlined in more detail earlier. This paper is focused on the discussion of recent experimental results to establish the dynamic fracture mechanics toughness data base and its MC analyses. MCGUSS fracture mechanics test setups and the dynamic fracture toughness data base achieved at the time of abstract submission is discussed (covering 128 specimens). Current application limits of ASTM E1921 MC to DCI are discussed, and planned investigations to further investigate and modify the MC procedure for DCI are outlined. T2 - ASTM 23rd International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 12.11.2025 KW - Dynamic fracture toughness KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Safety assessment KW - Master curve KW - Statistics PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64746 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel A1 - Baer, Wolfram T1 - Investigation of the Master Curve Concept for Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron N2 - The current framework for safety assessment of ferritic ductile cast iron (DCI) containers for transport and storage of radioactive materials applies fracture mechanics principles. As established by the IAEA safety standard SSG 26, prevention of crack initiation is the governing criterion and no reliance in design should be placed on any predicted ductile tearing resistance. Similarly, the ASME-Code, Sect. III, Div. 3 explicitly deals with DCI and requires a safety proof for dynamic loading conditions. However, information given in the guidelines does not seem to be sufficient to appropriately perform such dynamic fracture mechanics safety assessments. The ongoing German research project MCGUSS is tailored to tackle this status. In MCGUSS, the application potential of the probabilistic fracture mechanics master curve (MC) concept according to ASTM E1921 is being systematically investigated and potential modifications specific for dynamic brittle fracture of DCI will be identified. While MCGUSS covers testing of a high number of SE(B)- and C(T)-type specimens, this poster focuses on preliminary C(T) results. The obtained data was statistically analyzed, and current results of MC analyses are discussed. Special emphasis of MCGUSS is on using optical and scanning electron microscopy to link microstructural damage and failure processes to the fracture toughness data gained. A fracture mechanism called "specimen size-dependent arrest of local brittle fractures before global brittle failure by weakest link" is proposed to describe the established dynamic toughness data. Concerning the MC concept, it was shown that the ASTM E1921 procedure cannot simply be adopted to dynamic DCI toughness data on a one-to-one basis. Material specific modifications are being investigated and the DCI dynamic fracture toughness data base is to be expanded. T2 - MPA Conference 2025 CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 06.10.2025 KW - Dynamic fracture toughness KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Safety assessment KW - Master curve KW - Statistics PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64367 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baer, Wolfram T1 - Experimental determination and analysis of dynamic fracture toughness data of ductile cast iron N2 - Ductile Cast Iron materials (DCI) have become important structural materials. Neverthe-less, to draw maximum benefit from DCIs property potential, tailored testing methods must be provided. The established dynamic Jd-R and CTOD 5d-R curve procedures are based on material specifically developed, independent experimental techniques but pro-vide almost matching results. This can be seen as additional validation of the Jd procedure which was mandatory. T2 - 14th International Conference on Fracture (ICF 14) CY - Rhodes, Greece DA - 18.07.2017 KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Dynamic loading KW - Crack resistance curve KW - CTOD KW - J-integral PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Mayer, Uwe A1 - Weihe, Stephan T1 - Investigation of the Master Curve Concept for Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron N2 - Within fracture mechanics safety assessment for steels in nuclear technology, the probabilistic master curve (MC) concept according to ASTM E1921 is currently used for quasi-static loading conditions as a supplement to the established deterministic ASME reference curve concept. However, for ductile cast iron (DCI), a systematic review of potential modifications to the assumptions and the procedure according to ASTM E1921 and an associated validation are still lacking. For this reason, the application of the fracture mechanics MC concept to ferritic ductile cast iron is being investigated in a recently started joint research project between MPA Stuttgart and BAM Berlin. According to the IAEA guidelines SSG 26, the safety assessment of DCI containers for transport as well as storage of radioactive materials is based on the fracture mechanics criterion of general crack initiation exclusion. Within this context, the focus of the current research project is on the further development of brittle fracture safety assessment methods. Therefore, a methodology shall be established to determine and assess dynamic fracture toughness values of DCI in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime, using samples extracted from a component. For the experimental program, a DCI material will be produced as it is generally used for transport and storage containers. A basic mechanical-technological material characterization consisting of tensile, Charpy and Pellini tests is planned and a comprehensive fracture mechanics test program was compiled covering dynamic testing of DC(T)9, C(T)25, C(T)50, SE(B)10, SE(B)25, and SE(B)140 specimens. Numerical analyses of different specimen geometries and test setups are planned to investigate the influences of stress triaxiality and loading rate. Throughout the experimental program, the microstructure-property relationship will be investigated based on quantitative metallographic and fractographic analyses. Finally, different MC assessment strategies will be considered and modifications will be made if necessary. T2 - 21st International Symposium ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY - Washington, DC, USA DA - 08.11.2023 KW - Ductile Cast Iron KW - Dynamic Fracture Toughness KW - Cleavage Fracture KW - Master Curve Concept PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - ASTM International CY - West Conshohocken, PA AN - OPUS4-59064 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Mayer, Uwe A1 - Weihe, Stefan T1 - Master Curve-Auswertungen und Untersuchung des Größeneffekts für c(t)-proben - Aktuelle Erkenntnisse zur Untersuchung des Master Curve Konzepts für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit bei dynamischer Beanspruchung N2 - Ausgehend vom Stand des Regelwerkes und der Forschung wird in einem BMUV-Verbundprojekt zwischen der MPA Stuttgart und der BAM Berlin die Anwendung des Master Curve (MC)-Konzepts auf ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit (DCI) untersucht. Ziel des Verbundprojekts ist die Anwendbarkeit des MC-Konzepts näher zu untersuchen und ggf. Modifikationen vorzunehmen, um eine Bewertungsmethode für die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit von DCI im Übergangsbereich zu erarbeiten. Auf den Jahrestagungen 2023 und 2024 des DVM-AK Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit wurden bereits der Forschungsansatz sowie erste Ergebnisse des Projekts MCGUSS präsentiert. Der Beitrag für die diesjährige Tagung soll nun MC-Auswertungen und den Größeneffekt für C(T)-Proben aus DCI diskutieren. T2 - 57. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit CY - Köln, Germany DA - 18.02.2025 KW - Versuche KW - Master Curve KW - Bruchmechanik KW - Dynamische Beanspruchung KW - Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.48447/BR-2025-495 SP - 123 EP - 129 PB - DVM-Verlag CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-62555 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel A1 - Mayer, Uwe A1 - Baer, Wolfram T1 - Investigating the Applicability of the Master Curve Concept for Ductile Cast Iron – Early Results for 2 Different Test Temperatures N2 - Based on the state-of-the-art research and regulations, the application of the fracture mechanics master curve (MC) concept to ferritic ductile cast iron (DCI) is being investigated in a joint research project between MPA Stuttgart and BAM Berlin. This paper outlines the research approach, the planned investigations and first results of the experimental program. T2 - 8th SEDS Workshop: Safety of Extended Dry Storage CY - Garching, Germany DA - 15.05.2024 KW - Dynamic fracture KW - Brittle fracture KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Master Curve PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-60013 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ha, Q. L. M. A1 - Armbruster, U. A1 - Atia, Hanan A1 - Lund, H. A1 - Agostini, G. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Vuong, H. T. A1 - Martin, A. T1 - Development of active and stable low nickel content catalysts for dry reforming of methane N2 - Methane dry reforming (DRM) was investigated over highly active Ni catalysts with low metal content (2.5wt%) supported on Mg-Al mixed oxide. The aim was to minimize carbon Deposition and metal sites agglomeration on the working catalyst which are known to cause catalyst deactivation. The solids were characterized using N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results showed that MgO-Al2O3 solid solution phases are obtained when calcining Mg-Al hydrotalcite precursor in the temperature range of 550–800 °C. Such phases contribute to the high activity of catalysts with low Ni content even at low temperature (500 °C). Modifying the catalyst preparation with citric acid significantly slows the coking rate and reduces the size of large octahedrally coordinated NiO-like domains, which may easily agglomerate on the surface during DRM. The most effective Ni catalyst shows a stable DRM course over 60 h at high weight hourly space velocity with very low coke deposition. This is a promising result for considering such catalyst systems for further development of an industrial DRM technology. KW - Dry reforming of methane KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Ni PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-402904 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7050157 SN - 2073-4344 VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 157, 1 EP - 157, 17 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-40290 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Broichert, C. A1 - Klingenhof, M. A1 - Frisch, M. A1 - Dresp, S. A1 - Kubo, N.M. A1 - Artz, J. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Palkovits, S. A1 - Beine, A.K. A1 - Strasser, P. A1 - Palkovits, R. T1 - Particle size-controlled synthesis of highperformance MnCo-based materials for alkaline OER at fluctuating potentials N2 - For the large-scale generation of hydrogen via water electrolysis the design of long term stable and active catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a key challenge. Most catalysts suffer from severe structural corrosion that becomes even more pronounced at fluctuating potentials. Herein, MnCo based cubic particles were prepared via a hydrothermal approach, in which the edge length of the micron-sized particles can be controlled by changing the pH value of the precursor solution. The cubes are composed of varying amounts of MnCo2O4, CoCO3 and a mixed (Mn/Co)CO3 phase. Structure–activity relationships were deduced revealing a volcano-type behavior for the intrinsic OER activity and fraction of spinel oxide phase. A low overpotential of 0.37 V at 10 mA cm−2 and a stability of more than 25 h was achieved in 1.0 M KOH using a rotating disc electrode (RDE) setup. The best performing catalyst material was successfully tested under dynamic process conditions for 9.5 h and shows a superior catalytic activity as anode for the Overall water splitting in an electrolyser setup in 1.0 M KOH at 333 K compared to a reference NiCo-spinel catalyst. KW - Water electrolysis KW - Oxygen evolution reaction KW - Structure activity relationships PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-536050 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cy00905b SN - 2044-4753 VL - 11 IS - 12 SP - 7278 EP - 7286 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-53605 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baer, Wolfram T1 - Statistische Auswertung der SE(B)-Bruchzähigkeitsdatenbasis und Untersuchungen zum Bruchmechanismus - Neue Ergebnisse zur Untersuchung des Master Curve Konzepts für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit bei dynamischer Beanspruchung (Projekt MCGUSS) N2 - Die Zielstellung des laufenden Kooperationsprojektes MCGUSS zwischen der BAM Berlin und der MPA Stuttgart ist es, das probabilistische Master Curve (MC)-Konzept hinsichtlich seiner Übertragbarkeit auf ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit (DCI) zu untersuchen. Über Teilergebnisse der Arbeiten wurde bereits auf den Jahrestagungen 2023 bis 2025 des DVM-AK Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit berichtet. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat zwei Schwerpunkte. Zum einen wurde die Datenbasis der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit für SE(B)-Proben der Dicken 10 mm, 25 mm und 140 mm auf insgesamt 101 Versuche bei Temperaturen von -40 °C bis -140 °C erweitert, statistisch ausgewertet sowie MC-Analysen unterzogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Daten sich zwar mit einer Weibullverteilung gut beschreiben lassen, die MC-Methode nach ASTM E1921 jedoch nicht ohne Weiteres anwendbar ist, sondern Modifikationen erforderlich sind. Des Weiteren werden neue Ergebnisse zum werkstoffspezifischen Bruchmechanismus bei dynamischer Belastung im unteren Übergangsbereich der Zähigkeit diskutiert. Die fraktographische Datenbank wurde durch REM-Analysen weiterer Bruchflächen von SE(B)25-Proben bei -40 °C, -60 °C und -80 °C ergänzt. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die prägende Rolle, die Rissarrestereignissen im Verlauf des dynamischen Sprödbruchversagens bei DCI zukommt. Der in MCGUSS zur Erklärung eines gegenüber Stahl inversen Probengrößeneinflusses vorgeschlagene Mechanismus „Specimen size-dependent arrest of local brittle fractures before global brittle failure by weakest link“ wird dadurch weiter unterstützt. T2 - DVM-Jahrestagung 2026 des Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 24.02.2026 KW - Dynamic fracture toughness KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Safety assessment KW - Master curve KW - Statistics PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65593 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sander, Luise T1 - Linking material and electrode properties to the cell performance of commercially available sodium-ion cells N2 - As the first commercial sodium-ion-batteries (SIBs) are available for purchase, it is possible to investigate material composition. Gaining an insight into the material composition of these SIBs is of interest not only for the classification of possible safety risks and hazards, but also in regard to recycling. Herein we report the preliminary investigations of the chemical and structural composition of first commercial SIB-cells.[1,2] Two different SIB-cell types were compared in terms of electrode size, thickness, loading etc. Furthermore, the composition of the active materials and electrolyte was investigated and compared. Finally, the gained results were linked to the different data sheet performance of the two cell types. T2 - Batterieforum Deutschland 2026 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.01.2026 KW - Electrochemical Energy Storage KW - Battery KW - Sodium-ion-battery KW - EES KW - Energy Storage PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65588 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lange, Diana A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - Colours on Maps - Purpose and Materiality N2 - Colours are an inseparable attribute of most maps. While colouring seems at first glance simply superficial ‘prettifying’ of maps, most maps were given colours for other reasons: colour is an important key to understanding the function and use of maps. The use of colours, the choice of where to assign them and the meaning given to them has accordingly never been static but has changed over time. In this context, the three aspects: colour system, colour scheme, and colour code are of particular importance. Material scientific analysis makes it possible to find out more about the material composition of colourants (pigments and dyes) on maps. The study of colourants provides insights into the production conditions and use of maps. Furthermore, it offers clues about colour changes and forms the basis for appropriate restoration concepts. T2 - Maps. Digital. Analogue CY - Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland DA - 26.02.2026 KW - Maps KW - Colours KW - Archaeometry KW - Aging PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65599 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rautenberg, Max A1 - Gernhard, M. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Witt, Julia A1 - Roth, C. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Mechanochemical synthesis of fluorine-containing Co-doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for producing electrocatalysts N2 - Catalysts derived from pyrolysis of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates to replace expensive and scarce platinum-based electrocatalysts commonly used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. MOFs contain ordered connections between metal centers and organic ligands. They can be pyrolyzed into metal- and nitrogen-doped carbons, which show electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Furthermore, metal-free heteroatom-doped carbons, such as N-F-Cs, are known for being active as well. Thus, a carbon material with Co-N-F doping could possibly be even more promising as ORR electrocatalyst. Herein, we report the mechanochemical synthesis of two polymorphs of a zeolitic imidazole framework, Co-doped zinc 2-trifluoromethyl-1H-imidazolate (Zn0.9Co0.1(CF3-Im)2). Time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction studies of the mechanochemical formation revealed a direct conversion of starting materials to the products. Both polymorphs of Zn0.9Co0.1(CF3-Im)2 were pyrolyzed, yielding Co-N-F containing carbons, which are active toward electrochemical ORR. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Metal-organic-frameworks KW - Nobel-metal free electrocatalysis PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-546833 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.840758 SN - 2296-2646 VL - 10 IS - 840758 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-54683 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Hesse, Almut T1 - Entwicklung immunchemischer Methoden zur Spurenanalytik der Sprengstoffe Nitropenta und Trinitrotoluol N2 - Pentaerythrityltetranitrat (PETN), ein in jüngster Vergangenheit häufig von Terroristen verwendeter Sprengstoff, ist äußerst schwer zu detektieren. Ein verbesserter Antikörper gegen PETN wurde durch Anwendung des Konzepts des bioisosteren Ersatzes entwickelt,indem ein Nitroester durch einen Carbonsäurediester ersetzt wurde. Biostere Moleküle haben eine ähnliche Struktur wie die Referenzsubstanz und zeigen eine vergleichbare biologische Wirkung. Dieser Ansatz führte zu polyklonalen Antikörpern mit extrem guter Selektivität und Sensitivität. Die Nachweisgrenze des Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) beträgt 0,15 μg/L. Der Messbereich des Immunassays liegt zwischen 1 und 1000 μg/L. Die Antikörper sind sowohl hinreichend pH-stabil als auch robust gegen Lösungsmittelzusätze. Das Antiserum könnte auch für Schnelltests, Biosensoren, Mikro-Arrays und andere analytische Methoden verwendet werden. Für die Umweltanalytik von Trinitrotoluol (TNT) wurde eine Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC)-kompatible Affinitätssäule hergestellt. Druckbeständiges, poröses Glas hat sich als ein hervorragendes Trägermaterial herauskristallisiert. Um selektive anti-TNT-Antikörper für die Herstellung der Affinitätssäule aus den beiden verwendeten TNT-Seren zu isolieren, wurde eine Trennung an einer Dinitrophenyl-Affinitätssäule durchgeführt. Zur Optimierung der Immobilisierungsmethode wurden orangefarbene Dabsyl -Proteine synthetisiert und auf der Oberfläche gebunden. Die Färbung wurde als Indikator für die Immobilisierungsdichte verwendet. Wegen der hohen Affinitätskonstanten der polyklonalen anti-TNT-Antikörper der beiden Seren (5,1 bzw. 2,3∙109 L/mol) lässt sich TNT durch eine typische saure Elution der TNT-Affinitätssäule nur schwer eluieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde eine neuartige Elutionsmethode entwickelt, die irreversible, denaturierende, thermische Online -Elution. Diese eröffnet ein weites Anwendungsfeld, da so Affinitäten, die klass ischerweise aufgrund zu hoher Bindungskonstanten zwischen Ligand und Rezeptor nicht für die Affinitätschromatographie genutzt werden können, für die Analytik besser handhabbar werden. Die maximale Kapazität einer im Rahmen dieser Arbeit hergestellten Affinitätssäule (64,8 μL) betrug 650 ng TNT bzw. 10 μg/mL Säulenvolumen. Um die Immobilisierungsdichte der produzierten Affinitätssäulen zu bestimmen, wurde ein neues Verfahren entwickelt, da die üblichen spektroskopischen Proteinbestimmungsmethoden aufgrund der hohen unspezifischen Wechselwirkung mit dem Trägermaterial zur Proteinbestimmung nicht geeignet waren. Zur Quantifizierung von Proteinen oder Peptiden,die auf festen Trägern immobilisiert sind, wurde auf Grundlage einer HPLC-Trennung der aromatischen Aminosäuren Tyrosin (Tyr) und Phenylalanin (Phe) ohne vorherige Derivatisierung eine gegenüber der klassischen Aminosäureanalytik vereinfachte HPLC/UV-Methode entwickelt. Die Hydrolyse der Proteine und Peptide wurde durch Einsatz von Mikrowellentechnik beschleunigt, sodass nur 30 Minuten statt ca. 22 Stunden für das Standardprotokoll benötigt wurden, bei dem ein Hydrolyseröhrchen verwendet wird. Zur internen Kalibrierung wurden zwei Standardverbindungen, Homotyrosin (HTyr) und 4-Fluorphenylalanin (FPhe) verwendet. Die Nachweisgrenze (limit of detection, LOD) bei 215 nm ist sowohl für Tyr als auch für Phe 0,05 μM (~ 10 μg/L). Dieses neue Verfahren, das als Aromatische Aminosäureanalyse (Aromatic Amino Acid Analysis, AAAA) bezeichnet werden kann, wurde zur Proteinbestimmung von homogenen Proben mit Rinderserumalbumin (BSA) des Nationalen Instituts für Standards und Technologie der USA (NIST) validiert, wobei die Nachweisgrenze für Proteine mit 16 mg/L (~ 300 ng BSA) mit gängigen spektroskopischen Verfahren vergleichbar ist. Es liefert incl. der Hydrolysestufe eine verbesserte Genauigkeit mit einer relativen Standardabweichung von ca. 5%. T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 158 KW - Affinitätschromatographie KW - Affinity chromatography KW - Polyklonale TNT-Antikörper KW - Immunassay KW - Aromatische Aminosäureanalyse KW - Polyclonal TNT-antibodies KW - Polyclonal PETN-antibodies KW - Immunoassay KW - Aromatic amino acid analysis KW - Polyklonale PETN-Antikörper PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-417566 SN - 1613-4249 VL - 158 SP - I EP - 234 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-41756 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frechilla, A. A1 - Martínez, E. A1 - del Moral, J. A1 - López-Santos, C. A1 - Frechilla, J. A1 - Nuñez-Gálvez, F. A1 - López-Flores, V. A1 - de la Fuente, G.F. A1 - Hülagü, Deniz A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - González-Elipe, A.R. A1 - Borrás, A. A1 - Angurel, L.A. T1 - Influence of near-edge Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) on the electrical properties of fs-laser-machined ITO microcircuits N2 - Scalable, cost-effective methods for processing transparent electrodes at the microscale are pivotal to advancing in electrochemistry, optoelectronics, microfluidics, and energy harvesting. In these fields, the precise fabrication of micrometric circuits and patterns plays a critical role in determining device performance, material compatibility, and integration with added-value substrates. In this context, Laser Subtractive Manufacturing stands out as a suitable microfabrication technique for its adaptability to diverse materials and complex configurations, as well as its straightforward scalability, affordability, and eco-friendly nature. However, a challenge in micromachining metals and metal oxides is the inherent formation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS), which can significantly impair electrical conductivity, particularly when circuit dimensions fall within the micrometer range. Herein, we investigate the micromachining of electrical microcircuits using ultrashort pulse laser systems applied to transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. We analyze the formation of LIPSS at the edges of the micromachined regions associated with the Gaussian distribution of the energy within the laser spot, and the impact of these structures on the electrical properties of the circuits. Thus, we systematically evaluate the influence of LIPSS orientation and periodicity by fabricating various circuit patterns using femtosecond lasers at green (515 nm) and ultraviolet (UV) (343 nm) wavelengths. A correlation between electrical resistivity measurements and microstructure analysis, as determined by field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, reveals distinct effects of the formed nanostructures depending on the laser source and its polarization. For the green wavelength, the edge side regions where LIPSS are oriented perpendicular to the ITO track exhibit a resistance higher by a factor just above two compared to those where LIPSS are parallel. Additionally, UV laser processing results in a pronounced reduction of ITO thickness at the boundary between the LIPSS region and the substrate. The mechanisms for the formation of LIPSS with both wavelengths are also discussed. Furthermore, we have determined that in narrow conductive tracks with a width ranging from 6 to 8 µm, the impact of LIPSS is particularly significant because the LIPSS structured region occupies a dominant fraction of the total width. KW - ITO KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Laser subtractive manufacturing KW - fs-laser processing KW - Electrical properties PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655921 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166415 SN - 0169-4332 VL - 731 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-65592 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Ohm, Katrin A1 - Holzwarth, Marcel T1 - Statistische Auswertung der SE(B)-Bruchzähigkeitsdatenbasis und Untersuchungen zum Bruchmechanismus – neue Ergebnisse zur Untersuchung des Master Curve Konzepts für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit bei dynamischer Beanspruchung (Projekt MCGUSS) N2 - Die Zielstellung des laufenden Kooperationsprojektes MCGUSS zwischen der BAM Berlin und der MPA Stuttgart ist es, das probabilistische Master Curve (MC)-Konzept hinsichtlich seiner Übertragbarkeit auf ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit (DCI) zu untersuchen. Über Teilergebnisse der Arbeiten wurde bereits auf den Jahrestagungen 2023 bis 2025 des DVM-AK Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit berichtet. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat zwei Schwerpunkte. Zum einen wurde die Datenbasis der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit für SE(B)-Proben der Dicken 10 mm, 25 mm und 140 mm auf insgesamt 101 Versuche bei Temperaturen von -40 °C bis -140 °C erweitert, statistisch ausgewertet sowie MC-Analysen unterzogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Daten sich zwar mit einer Weibullverteilung gut beschreiben lassen, die MC-Methode nach ASTM E1921 jedoch nicht ohne Weiteres anwendbar ist, sondern Modifikationen erforderlich sind. Des Weiteren werden neue Ergebnisse zum werkstoffspezifischen Bruchmechanismus bei dynamischer Belastung im unteren Übergangsbereich der Zähigkeit diskutiert. Die fraktographische Datenbank wurde durch REM-Analysen weiterer Bruchflächen von SE(B)25-Proben bei -40 °C, -60 °C und -80 °C ergänzt. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die prägende Rolle, die Rissarrestereignissen im Verlauf des dynamischen Sprödbruchversagens bei DCI zukommt. Der in MCGUSS zur Erklärung eines gegenüber Stahl inversen Probengrößeneinflusses vorgeschlagene Mechanismus „Specimen size-dependent arrest of local brittle fractures before global brittle failure by weakest link“ wird dadurch weiter unterstützt. T2 - DVM-Jahrestagung 2026 des Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 24.02.2026 KW - Statistics KW - Dynamic fracture toughness KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Master curve KW - Safety assessment PY - 2026 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - DVM-Verlag CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-65591 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Askar, Enis T1 - Safety in Energy Gases "Explosion Protection" N2 - The legal framework and standards for explosion protection are presented briefly and than the three basic principles of explosion protection are shown one by one: Avoiding Explosive Mixtures, Avoiding Ignition Sources and Mitigation of Consequences. For each of these the relevant safety characteristics and methods of implementation are shown. Finally references for Safety characteristic data and literature sources are shown and the safety characteristics of different fuel gases are summarized and compared. T2 - European Metrology Network for Energy Gases Training Session CY - Online meeting DA - 25.02.2026 KW - Safety characteristics KW - Energy carrier KW - Ignition KW - Safety PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65582 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Oberleitner, Lidia T1 - Immunochemical determination of caffeine and carbamazepine in complex matrices using fluorescence polarization N2 - Pharmacologically active compounds are omnipresent in contemporary daily life, in our food and in our environment. The fast and easy quantification of those substances is becoming a subject of global importance. The fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a homogeneous mix-and-read format and a suitable tool for this purpose that offers a high sample throughput. Yet, the applicability to complex matrices can be limited by possible interaction of matrix compounds with antibodies or tracer. Caffeine is one of the most frequently consumed pharmacologically active compounds and is present in a large variety of consumer products, including beverages and cosmetics. Adverse health effects of high caffeine concentrations especially for pregnant women are under discussion. Therefore, and due to legal regulations, caffeine should be monitored. Automated FPIA measurements enabled the precise and accurate quantification of caffeine in beverages and cosmetics within 2 min. Samples could be highly diluted before analysis due to high assay sensitivity in the low μg/L range. Therefore, no matrix effects were observed. The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is discussed as a marker for the elimination efficiency of wastewater treatment plants and the dispersion of their respective effluents in surface water. The development of a FPIA for CBZ included the synthesis and evaluation of different tracers. Using the optimum tracer CBZ-triglycine-5-(aminoacetamido) fluorescein, CBZ concentrations in surface waters could be measured on different platforms: one sample within 4 min in tubes or 24 samples within 20 min on microtiter plates (MTPs). For this study, a commercially available antibody was used, which led to overestimations with recovery rates up to 140% due to high cross-reactivities towards CBZ metabolites and other pharmaceuticals. For more accurate CBZ determination, a new monoclonal antibody was produced. In this attempt, methods for improving the monitoring during the production process were successfully applied, including feces screening and cell culture supernatant screening with FPIA. The new monoclonal antibody is highly specific for CBZ and showed mostly negligible cross-reactivities towards environmentally relevant compounds. Measurements at non-equilibrium state improved the sensitivity and selectivity of the developed FPIA due to slow binding kinetics of the new antibody. Additionally, this measure enables for CBZ determination over a measurement range of almost three orders of magnitude. The comprehensively characterized antibody was successfully applied for the development of sensitive homogeneous and heterogeneous immunoassays. The new antibody made the development of an on-site measurement system for the determination of CBZ in wastewater possible. After comprehensive optimization, this automated FPIA platform allows the precise quantification of CBZ in wastewater samples only pre-treated by filtration within 16 min. Recovery rates of 61 to 104% were observed. Measurements in the low μg/L range are possible without the application of tedious sample preparation techniques. Different FPIA platforms including MTPs, cuvettes and tubes were successfully applied. For the choice of the right format, the application field should be considered, e.g. desired sample throughput, usage for optimization or characterization of antibodies or if a set-up for routine measurements is sought for. For high sample throughput and optimization, FPIA performance on MTPs is advantageous. The best results for the application to real samples were obtained using kinetic FP measurements in cuvettes. T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 154 KW - Antibody KW - Coffee KW - ELISA KW - Fluorophore tracer KW - Wastewater PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-392506 SN - 978-3-9818270-2-6 SN - 1613-4249 VL - 154 SP - 1 EP - 124 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-39250 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rautenberg, Max A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit A1 - Witt, Julia A1 - Jain, Mohit A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - In situ time-resolved monitoring of mixed-ligand metal–organic framework mechanosynthesis N2 - The mechanism of mixed-ligand metal–organic framework (MOF) formation, and the possible role of intermediate single-ligand metal complexes during mechanosynthesis, have not been explored yet. For the first time, we report here in situ real-time monitoring of the mechanochemical formation mechanism of mixed-ligand MOFs. Our results show that binary phases can act as intermediates or competing products in one-pot and stepwise synthesis. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Metal-organic-frameworks KW - In situ X-ray diffraction KW - Mixed-ligand MOFs PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-558167 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CE00803C SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-55816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - INPR A1 - Morcillo, Dalia A1 - Oelze, Marcus A1 - Seena Prem, Pranav A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique T1 - Lithium isotope fractionation as an early indicator of degradation mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries N2 - Aging in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) degrades performance and hinders sustainability, demanding advanced diagnostics for early failure prediction. We investigate lithium isotope fractionation (LIF) as an innovative probe of degradation in lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) coin cells aged over 0−700 cycles. High-precision multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) quantified δ7Li variations across cell stages: non-cycled (0 cycles), newly formed (5 cycles), semi-aged (250 cycles), and fully aged (700 cycles). During early cycling (≤ 45 cycles), chemical processes drive 7Li enrichment at the anode (δ7Li vs LSVEC = +12 ‰) through solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, while the cathode depletes in 7Li (δ7Li vs LSVEC = −0.7 ‰). Beyond 45 cycles, electric field-induced migration predominates, promoting 6Li intercalation into the anode and increasing the δ7Li of the cathode by 8.1 ‰. Mass balance verifies isotope conservation, attributing shifts to redistribution and trapping. Complementary electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffraction confirm SEI expansion, cobalt oxidation, lattice shrinkage, and changes in electrode structure, corroborating LIF trends. Notably, a δ7Li inflection at approximately 270 cycles anticipates end-of-life by 70 cycles, surpassing traditional methods in sensitivity. LIF emerges as a predictive indicator of aging mechanisms, informing optimized designs for durable LIBs. KW - Lithium isotope fractionation KW - Lithium-ion batteries KW - Degradation mechanisms KW - LiCoO2 cathodes KW - LCO KW - Isotopic tracing KW - Lithium isotopes PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-650945 DO - https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-16lvq SP - 1 EP - 19 AN - OPUS4-65094 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chakraborty, Gouri A1 - Das, Prasenjit A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Thomas, Arne T1 - Room-temperature superprotonic conductivity in COOH-functionalized multicomponent covalent organic frameworks N2 - In solid materials, the development of hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) networks within pores is crucial for efficient proton conductance. In this study, a chemically stable carboxylic acid-functionalized, quinoline-linked 2D microporous covalent organic framework (COF) (Qy-COOH) was synthesized using the Doebner multicomponent reaction (MCR) and compared to a similar framework lacking the –COOH functionality (Qy-H), prepared via an MC Domino reaction. The proton conductivity of the –COOH-functionalized MCR-COF was significantly enhanced, reaching 10−2 S cm−1, attributed to strong H-bonding interactions between water molecules and the dangling –COOH groups within the COF pores. In contrast, the analogous Qy-H framework exhibited a much lower proton conductivity of 10−5 S cm−1, while an imine-based COF showed only 10−6 S cm−1. This work represents the first demonstration of a general strategy to achieve efficient proton conduction in a class of layered 2D –COOH-functionalized COFs, offering superprotonic conductivity without requiring additives at room temperature. The MCR-COF design approach provides a promising pathway for developing highly stable and high-performance proton-conducting materials. KW - Multicomponebt KW - COF KW - Proton Conductivity KW - Superprotonic PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653526 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SC06953J SN - 2041-6520 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-65352 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit A1 - Akhmetova, Irina A1 - Rautenberg, Max A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Mechanochemical synthesis of phosphonate-based proton conducting metal organic frameworks and hydrogen-bonded metal phosphonates N2 - Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most promising alternative green energy technologies that deliver high energy density without CO2 emissions. The proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes (PEM) contributes to the overall efficiency of a PEMFC. Materials being used as PEMs must exhibit high proton conductivity at the working conditions of the targeted PEMFC. To date, Nafion and Nafion-like polymers with acidic functionality are widely used as membrane materials due to their high proton conductivity in the range of 10-1 to 10-2 Scm-1 at higher relative humidity. However, these materials suffer from high costs, hazardous production process, and poor performance at high temperatures, limiting their versatility. In this context, crystalline porous materials are recognized as promising proton conductors for the proton exchange membrane (PEM) in fuel cell technology, owing to their tunable framework structure. However, it is still challenging bulk synthesis for real-world applications of these materials. Herein, we present mechanochemical gram-scale synthesis of series of mixed ligand metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (MHOFs) using phenylene diphosphonic acid and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid with different bipyridyl type of ligands, respectively. In all cases, the existence of extensive hydrogen bonds with amphiprotic uncoordinated phosphonate hydroxyl and oxygen atoms, the frameworks exhibited high proton conductivity. The study demonstrates the potential of green mechanosynthesis for preparations of framework-based proton conducting materials in bulk scale for green energy generation. T2 - 4th International Conference on Phosphonate Chemistry, Science and Technology, ICOPHOS-4 CY - Crete, Greece DA - 02.10.2023 KW - Proton exchange membrane fuel cells KW - Metal organic frameworks KW - Proton conducting materials PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Stawski, Tomasz A1 - Kulow, Anicó A1 - Cakir, Cafer Tufan A1 - Röder, Bettina A1 - Naese, Christoph A1 - Britzke, Ralf A1 - Sintschuk, Michael A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - BAMline - A real-life sample materials research beamline N2 - With increasing demand and environmental concerns, researchers are exploring new materials that can perform as well or better than traditional materials while reducing environmental impact. The BAMline, a real-life sample materials research beamline, provides unique insights into materials’ electronic and chemical structure at different time and length scales. The beamline specializes in x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and tomography experiments. This enables real-time optimization of material properties and performance for various applications, such as energy transfer, energy storage, catalysis, and corrosion resistance. This paper gives an overview of the analytical methods and sample environments of the BAMline, which cover non-destructive testing experiments in materials science, chemistry, biology, medicine, and cultural heritage. We also present our own synthesis methods, processes, and equipment developed specifically for the BAMline, and we give examples of synthesized materials and their potential applications. Finally, this article discusses the future perspectives of the BAMline and its potential for further advances in sustainable materials research. KW - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure KW - Energy storage KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nondestructive testing techniques KW - X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Corrosion KW - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0157194 VL - 158 IS - 24 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-57824 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dietzmann, Simon T1 - Between Homogenous and Heterogenous Catalysis: Single-Atom-Catalysts N2 - Catalysis is a very important process in chemistry as it lowers the energy barrier for chemical reactions. This saves energy and/or some reactions are only possible with a catalyst under the desired conditions (temperature and pressure). Catalysts can be roughly categorized depending on the phase they interact with the substrates in homogenous and heterogenous catalysis. T2 - 5. Deutsche Tagung für Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Neutronen und Ionenstrahlen an Großgeräten (SNI2022) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.09.2022 KW - Single-atom-catalyst KW - Electrochemistry KW - Porous carbons PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-61989 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hörmann, Anja Franziska T1 - Next Level Grazing Incidence, Part I: Standardization of Calibration and Alignment for Grazing Incidence Small-Angle (X-ray) Scattering N2 - We present initial results of our survey on grazing incidence methods which focuses on hardware, software, sample alignment and instrument calibration. We illustrate both sample alignment and sample-to-detector distance calibration with data recorded at the MOUSE and conclude with promising results from our Bayesian beam optimization procedure based on Gaussian Process regression. T2 - XIX edition of the International Small-Angle Scattering Conference (SAS2024) CY - Taipei, Taiwan DA - 04.11.2024 KW - Standardisation KW - Grazing incidence KW - Sample alignment KW - Instrument calibration PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62775 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Nieslony, Gregor A1 - Noack, Volker A1 - Hagenow, Peter A1 - Kovacs, Oliver T1 - Current developments in container design testing for the Konrad repository N2 - The Konrad repository for not heat generating radioactive wastes was licensed first in 2002. But due to legal actions this license has not been finally confirmed before 2007. Subsequently, the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) began scheduling backfitting of the former iron ore mine into a repository. The licensed repository volume is 303,000 m3 based on estimations of expected waste volumes to be disposed off although the mine itself would offer a much larger volume. Once the repository is ready for Operation, waste packages can be disposed, but this is not expected before the end of this decade. Nevertheless, there is already today a great interest in qualified and certified waste conditioning and packaging for disposal requiring Containers, tested, evaluated and certified by BAM and BfS. Key points of the Konrad license concern comprehensive requirements for waste products and Containers. Details are described in BfS reports, which constitute the basic documents for the license. Following the final license confirmation a revision of these documents has been requested in order to include considerations of water poisoning substances. This work is currently done by BfS in Cooperation with the NLWKN of Lower Saxony and the Institute for Safety Technology (ISTec). Concerning the specification for Containers themselves no or only minor changes are expected. T2 - KONTEC 2011 - 10. Internationales Symposium "Konditionierung radioaktiver Betriebs- und Stilllegungsabfälle" CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 06.04.2011 KW - Cask KW - Safety KW - Repository KW - Design testing KW - Radioactive waste PY - 2011 SP - 683 EP - 695 AN - OPUS4-23672 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Nieslony, Gregor A1 - Noack, Volker A1 - Hagenow, Peter A1 - Kovacs, Oliver T1 - Current developments in container design testing for the Konrad repository N2 - At present BAM works on numerous applications for Container design testing for the Konrad repository. Some licensing procedures were successfully finished in the past and BfS certified several Container types like Steel sheet, concrete until cast iron containers which are now available for waste packaging for final disposal. However, large quantities of radioactive wastes had been placed into interim storage using containers which are not already approved for the Konrad repository. Safety assessment of these so-called “old” containers is a big challenge for all parties because documentation sheets about container design testing and fabrication often contain gaps or have not yet been completed. Appropriate solution strategies are currently under development and discussion. Furthermore, BAM has successfully initiated and established an Information forum, called “ERFA QM Konrad Containers”, which facilitates discussions on various issues of common interest with respect to Konrad container licensing procedures as well as the interpretation of disposal requirements under consideration of operational needs. Thus, it provides additional, valuable supports for container licensing procedures. T2 - KONTEC 2011 - 10. Internationales Symposium "Konditionierung radioaktiver Betriebs- und Stilllegungsabfälle" CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 06.04.2011 KW - Radioactive waste KW - Container KW - Testing KW - Konrad repository PY - 2012 SN - 1431-5254 VL - 57 IS - 5 SP - 343 EP - 346 PB - Inforum CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -