TY - CONF A1 - Kiefer, P. A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Balzer, R. T1 - Density, microhardness and elastic moduli of hydrous soda-lime silicate glasses N2 - The effect of structural water on density, elastic constants and microhardness of water-bearing soda-lime-silica glasses of up to 21.5 mol% total water is studied. T2 - 25th International Congress on Glass (ICG2019) CY - Boston, MA, USA DA - 09.06.2019 KW - Elastic constants KW - Soda-lime-silica glass KW - Water content KW - Microhardness PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49537 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Lausch, Thomas A1 - Schroepfer, Dirk T1 - In-situ Observation of Stress Evolution during High Strength Steel Welding N2 - Residual stresses are crucial when assessing the performance of welded components. The present work deals with the possibilities of transferring the real-life boundary conditions of welding, which influence the residual stress, into the laboratory. The possibilities of a test system with a load capacity of 2 MN specifically developed for online monitoring of stress formation and cracking are shown. Due to the structural design, global process, geometry and material-dependent stresses are induced, which can be quantified in-situ during welding and post weld heat treatment. Examples are presented how the conditions to be found during production are simulated in the laboratory. It is shown how welding residual stresses in high-strength steels are affected by the heat control. Elevated working temperatures significantly increase the tensile residual stresses in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The effect of mechanical stresses resulting from welding on stress relief cracking is demonstrated by the example of a creep resistant steel. Reheat cracks were monitored online during post weld heat treatment. T2 - Visual-JW 2019 & WSE 2019 The 5th International Symposium on Visualization in Joining & Welding Science through Advanced Measurements and Simulation & The 8th International Conference of Welding Science and Engineering CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 21.11.2019 KW - Residual stress KW - Restraint KW - Welding KW - Large-scale test KW - Reheat cracking PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49763 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kamaraj, Abinaya A1 - Erning, Johann Wilhelm A1 - Reimann, S. A1 - Ahrens, A. T1 - Susceptibility of 304 stainless steel to crevice corrosion in electrochemically active fluids N2 - The susceptibility of AISI 304 stainless steel to crevice corrosion on the effect of contact with electrochemically active fluids was investigated using exposure and stepwise potentiostatic polarisation. Crevice materials made up of 304 SS and Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) forming two kinds of crevices including 304 SS-to-PEEK and 304 SS-to-304 SS were tested. T2 - Corrosion 2019 NACE CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 24.03.2019 KW - Desinfection KW - Crevice corrosion KW - ECA PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49284 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Juds, Carmen T1 - Biocombinatorially selected peptide-polymer conjugates as polypropylene binders N2 - Peptide-polymer bioconjugates combine oligopeptides with synthetic polymer blocks and can be used for various applications in material sciences. In recent years, bioconjugates were applied as compatibilizers and coatings. Biocombinatorial approaches, such as phage display, have been shown to yield strong binding peptides, which exhibit excellent coating properties as peptide-PEO conjugates. Phage display represents a widely exploited strategy to select peptides or proteins that exhibit highly specific affinity to various substrates. Following a phage display experiment, DNA sequencing of binding phage clones is required in order to get the sequence information of the binding peptides. Traditionally, random clone picking followed by Sanger sequencing was applied. However, this method may not necessarily identify the strongest binding clones. Next-generation sequencing made sequencing of whole phage libraries possible, which highly improved the selection of strong binders. Here, we show that the biocombinatorial method of phage display combined with next generation DNA sequencing of whole phage libraries represents a powerful tool for an application in material chemistry. Phage display is used to find specific target binding peptides for polypropylene surfaces (PP). PP binders are of particular interest because thus far gluing or printing on PP is challenging due to its low surface energy. Scripts for sequence data analysis were developed and promising sequences were synthesized as peptide-PEO conjugates. Fluorescence based adsorption experiments on PP surfaces led to the identification of strong binding sequences and a better understanding of the peptide-surface interactions. T2 - 257th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 31.03.2019 KW - Peptides KW - Surfaces KW - Phage Display KW - Peptide Library KW - Screening KW - Glue KW - Paint KW - Polyethylene Glycol KW - PEG KW - Next Generation Sequencing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaunich, Matthias A1 - Grelle, Tobias A1 - Kömmling, Anja A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Long-term evaluation of sealing systems for radioactive waste packages N2 - The investigation of the long-term performance of sealing systems employed in containers for radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is one research focus area for division 3.4 “Safety of Storage Containers” at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM). Our investigations comprise investigations on metallic and elastomeric seals and covers experimental investigations to get a database on the component/material behaviour, work on analytical descriptions and numerical analysis. Our aim is to understand the long-term behaviour of the sealing systems for evaluation of their performance during possible extended interim storage and subsequent transportation. T2 - 3rd Workshop on Safety of Extended Dry Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel CY - Garching, Germany DA - 05.06.2019 KW - Seal performance KW - Rubber seal KW - Metallic seal KW - Ageing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48224 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hübner, Oskar A1 - Kage, Daniel A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Wegner, Karl David A1 - Dhamo, Lorena A1 - Göhde, W. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Luminescence lifetime encoding for flow cytometry with quantum-dot-encoded beads N2 - Spectral encoding of cells or particles and the discrimination of multiple spectral codes are a critical process in flow cytometry (FCM). Typical issues in spectral encoding are, e.g., the spectral overlap of codes, or the increasing complexity of instruments . The exploitation of the photoluminescence lifetime (LT) as an encoding parameter could be used to circumvent both of these issues, as it adds another dimension to the parameter space, or, when used as a stand-alone parameter, requiring only one excitation light source and one detector. While LT encoding was considered already decades ago it is still not implemented as a routine technique in FCM yet, mainly due to the challenge of very few photons being available within the limited transition time of a cell or particle through the laser spot. Recently, we demonstrated LT-FCM based on luminophores with ns LTs in a compact and low-cost flow cytometer. Measurements on polymer microbeads containing luminophores with distinctly different excited state LTs enabled the complete discrimination of three LT codes and five codes in total could be identified. Now, we have extended our approach towards considerably longer LTs by custom-made polymer microbeads loaded with different ratios of InP/ZnS and AgInS2 quantum dots. The use of these materials significantly expands the usable time range for LT encoding to up to several hundred ns. Our studies demonstrate the possibility to further increase the number of viable LT codes for multiplexing in LT-FCM without the need for extensive hardware modifications. T2 - Visions in Cytometry - 29th Annual Conference of the German Society for Cytometry CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.07.2019 KW - Multiplexing KW - Lifetime KW - Bead KW - Flow cytometry KW - Fluorescence KW - Quantum dot KW - InP KW - AIS KW - Dye KW - Encoding KW - Barcoding KW - Assay KW - Method PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49390 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Höhne, Patrick A1 - Mieller, Björn A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - Small batch preparation of ready-to-press powder for systematic studies N2 - Efficient studies of scarce or expensive materials require material saving processes. Therefore, a high yield concept for small batch preparation of ready-to-press powder is exemplarily presented for yttria stabilized nano-zirconia (d50 < 50 nm). The concept involves small batch preparation in an ultrasound resonator, dispersant selection based on zeta potential measurements, evaluation of slurry stability using an analytical centrifuge, and preparation of ready-to-press powder by freeze drying. Freeze drying offers key advantages. Process efficiency and high yield above 95 % are independent of sample size. The dried product does not require further mechanical treatment like milling or grinding. Side effects like migration of additives are avoided. An optimized freeze drying process tolerates slurries with moderate stability. Thus, efforts for slurry development can be reduced. Generally, identifying a suitable dispersing agent requires only 3-5 zeta potential measurements. Slurry stability is rechecked using an analytical centrifuge, which also accounts for steric stabilization. An ultrasound resonator is used to disperse the powder without contamination, which becomes critical for small batches. The described route is exemplarily presented for the development of an additive recipe for nano-sized zirconia powder, targeting for good pressing behavior and high green density. Therefore, a variety of binding and lubricating agents were tested. Following the presented route, 80 g zirconia powder were sufficient to conduct a study including slurry development and five sample sets with varying composition, each set comprising five discs (d = 20 mm and h = 2 mm). T2 - 94. DKG Jahrestagung CY - Leoben, Austria DA - 05.05.2019 KW - Fine Powder KW - Slurry KW - Freeze Drying PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48293 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Quantitative microstructural analysis - VAMAS/TWA 37 N2 - The 44th Meeting of the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) Steering Committee has just taken place at NIST in Boulder (CO, USA). BAM participates with significant contributions in Technical Working Areas on nanoparticle and surface chemistry characterization, but also has positioned itself to new global material challenges and trends in the developement of advanced materials and their characterization, such as thermal properties, self-healing materials, and micro- and nanoplastic. T2 - Annual Meeting of the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) Steering Committee CY - Boulder, CO, USA DA - 22.05.2019 KW - VAMAS KW - Nanoparticles KW - Microbeam analysis KW - Advanced materials PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48184 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Mansfeld, Ulrich A1 - Pellegrino, F. A1 - Maurino, V. A1 - Marguet, S. A1 - Testard, F. A1 - Tache, O. A1 - Bartzcak, D. T1 - New reference material candidates for traceable size measurement of nonspherical nanoparticles N2 - Size measurement of nanoparticles (NP) becomes a challenging analytical problem when non-spherical shapes must be traceably measured. However, most industrial NPs have irregular shapes and broad size distribution making it often more complex to follow European regulatory to identify a material as a nanomaterial according to which accurate measurement of the smallest dimension and its size Distribution is necessary. The European research project nPSize - Improved traceability chain of nanoparticle size measurements aims to fill this gap by developing potential non-spherical reference nanoparticles, measurement procedures and physical modelling to improve the traceability chain, comparability and compatibility for NP size measurements between different methods. Therefore, new model NP with well-controlled shape has been synthesized and are supposed to be systematically characterized using the traceable methods scanning/transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. Following NP candidates are under investigation with respect to their homogeneity and stability: (i) titania nanoplatelets (10-15 nm thickness x 50-100 nm lateral), (ii) titania bipyramides (~60 nm length x 40 nm width), (iii) titania acicular particles (100 nm length x 15-20 nm width; aspect ratio 5.5/6), (iv) gold nanorods (~10 nm width x 30 nm length), and (v) gold nanocubes (~55 nm x 55 nm x 55 nm). In addition, sample preparation procedures as well as measurement analysis procedures with evaluation of appropriate measurands and descriptors for each material class and method are being developed to support standardization. To underpin the traceability of the size measurement of nonspherical NP, physical modelling of the signals in e.g. electron microscopy techniques will be used and in combination, the implementation of machine learning is aimed to facilitate measurement Analysis procedures, especially regarding the accurate thresholding/segmentation of the NPs. T2 - European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis ECASIA 2019 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 15.09.2019 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Size distribution KW - Electron microscopy KW - Certified reference materials KW - Traceability PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49227 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Mansfeld, Ulrich A1 - Pellegrino, F. A1 - Maurino, V. A1 - Marguet, S. A1 - Testard, F. A1 - Tache, O. A1 - Bartczak, D. T1 - New reference material candidates for traceable size measurement of non-spherical nanoparticles N2 - New model nanoparticles with well-controlled shape were synthesized within the EMPIR project nPSize - Improved traceability chain of nanoparticle size measurements. Their systematic characterization takes place by the traceable methods scanning/transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. Following reference nanoparticle candidates are under investigation with respect to their homogeneity and stability: titania nanoplatelets (10-15 nm x 50-100 nm), titania bipyramides (~60 nm x 40 nm), titania acicular particles (100 nm x 15-20 nm; aspect ratio 5.5/6), gold nanorods (~10 nm x 30 nm), and gold nanocubes (~55 nm x 55 nm x 55 nm). T2 - HyMET Workshop on optical surface analysis methods for nanostructured layers CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.10.2019 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Reference materials KW - Traceability KW - Particle size distribution PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49285 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Mansfeld, Ulrich A1 - Hörenz, Christoph A1 - Pellegrino, F. A1 - Maurino, V. A1 - Marguet, S. A1 - Testard, F. A1 - Tache, O. A1 - Bartczak, D. A1 - Goenaga-Infante, H. T1 - Challenges in Traceable Size Measurement of Non-Spherical, Non-Monodisperse Nanoparticles - nPSize N2 - Size measurement of nanoparticles (NP) becomes a challenging analytical problem when non-spherical shapes must be traceably measured. However, most industrial NPs have irregular shapes and broad size distribution making it often more complex to follow European regulatory to identify a material as a nanomaterial according to which accurate measurement of the smallest dimension and its size Distribution is necessary. The European research project nPSize - Improved traceability chain of nanoparticle size measurements aims to fill this gap by developing potential non-spherical reference nanoparticles, measurement procedures and physical modelling to improve the traceability chain, comparability and compatibility for NP size measurements between different methods. Therefore, new model NP with well-controlled shape has been synthesized and are supposed to be systematically characterized using the traceable methods scanning/transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. Following NP candidates are under investigation with respect to their homogeneity and stability: (i) titania nanoplatelets (10-15 nm thickness x 50-100 nm lateral), (ii) titania bipyramides (~60 nm length x 40 nm width), (iii) titania acicular particles (100 nm length x 15-20 nm width; aspect ratio 5.5/6), (iv) gold nanorods (~10 nm width x 30 nm length), and (v) gold nanocubes (~55 nm x 55 nm x 55 nm). In addition, sample preparation procedures as well as measurement analysis procedures with evaluation of appropriate measurands and descriptors for each material class and method are being developed to support standardization. To underpin the traceability of the size measurement of nonspherical NP, physical modelling of the signals in e.g. electron microscopy techniques will be used and in combination, the implementation of machine learning is aimed to facilitate measurement Analysis procedures, especially regarding the accurate thresholding/segmentation of the NPs.zeige mehr T2 - Nanoparticle Reference Materials - Production and Cerification Training Course CY - London, UK DA - 10.12.2019 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Traceability KW - Particle size distribution KW - Electron microscopy KW - Reference materials KW - Non-spherical shape PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50040 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - High-Quality Experimental Data in Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis – What can, and should we jointly do? N2 - There are different ways how to prove the quality of the results obtained by electron microscopy and related microanalysis techniques, e.g. use of validated standard operation procedures, participation in proficiency testing exercises, use of certified reference materials, etc. International standards are able to provide requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics of methods, instruments or samples with the final goal that these can be used consistently in accredited laboratories. In the field of electron microscopy and microbeam analysis standardization and metrology are terms which are encountered rather seldom at major conferences and scientific publications. Nevertheless, spectra formats like EMSA/MSA for spectral-data exchange or tagged image file format (TIFF) for SEM, guidelines for performing quality assurance procedures or for the specification of X-ray spectrometers as well as of certified reference materials (CRMs) in EPMA, or measurement of average grain size by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), or guidelines for calibrating image magnification in SEM or TEM are ISO standards already published and used successfully by a large part of the electron microscopy and microbeam analysis community. A main and continuous task of ISO/TC 202 and its subcommittees is to identify and evaluate feasible projects/proposals needed to be developed into new international standards, particularly in respect to recent but established technology, such the silicon drift detector (SDD) EDS one. Another international platform in the frame of which pre-standardization work can be organized is VAMAS (Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards). International collaborative projects involving aim at providing the technical basis for harmonized measurements, testing, specifications, and standards to be further developed at ISO level. One key point of VAMAS activities is constituted by inter-laboratory comparisons for high-quality data. In the field of microbeam analysis, the technical working area (TWA) 37 Quantitative Microstructural Analysis deals with corresponding projects. Good ideas, e.g. on analysis of low-Z materials/elements and at low energies are particularly encouraged by directly contacting the author. Support and already available guidance will be supplied. T2 - Microscopy & Microanalysis 2019 CY - Portland, OR, USA DA - 03.08.2019 KW - Pre-standardisation KW - Inter-laboratory comparison KW - VAMAS KW - ISO KW - Electron microscopy KW - Microanalysis PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48672 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Surface and Microbeam Analytical Methods @BAM N2 - An overview of the activities in the field of surface and microbeam analysis at BAM-6.1 is given with focus on physico-chemical characterization at the nanoscale. Ideas of potential joint activities are presented: structural and chemical analysis of graphene, deposition techniques for nanoparticles, EBSD on steel for a broader range of methods, instruments and types of steel, soft X-ray Analysis of low-Z materials, analysis of mesoporous thin films, etc. T2 - BAM-IFW Workshop CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 28.03.2019 KW - PC characterisation KW - Nanoscale KW - Nanoparticles PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47860 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai A1 - Spranger, Felix T1 - Localized laser surface treatments of metals: State of the art and new developments N2 - Localized laser surface treatments are able to produce tailor-made surface properties to fulfill requirements of a variety of technical applications. Especially micrometric surface topologies can be beneficial for optimizing tribological contact situations. Structures with lowered surface features are already utilized for bearings or cylinders of combustion engines. There are also other fields of application, where the potential of protruding surface features is known, e. g. for metal forming tools. A promising approach for a tailored surface treatment working in the microsecond range is the localized dispersing of hard ceramic particles by pulsed laser radiation, the so-called laser implantation. This technique is able to produce micrometric surface structures and to improve simultaneously the wear resistance by creating metal matrix composites. In this talk, the laser implantation technique is described and compared to the state of the art. The potential to adjust the geometry as well as the mechanical properties of laser implanted surfaces is demonstrated by means of microstructural and topographical investigations of different ceramic materials and steel substrates. Finally, results of research projects are presented aiming on the application of such structured surfaces. Their capability to change and optimize friction and wear are demonstrated for fully lubricated contacts, tools for hot sheet metal forming and tools for cold rolling of sheets for automotive applications. T2 - 10th International Conference on Laser Applications (ICLA 10) CY - Cairo, Egypt DA - 23.11.2019 KW - Tool steel KW - Laser implantation KW - Laser surface texturing KW - Laser dispersing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49959 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - Paper: history, manufacture, properties N2 - The lecture traces the origins of paper, the manufacture and the spread from China to the Middle East and Europe. Though technological progress considerably affected each step of the manufacture of paper, the essence of the invention remains unchanged until today. The process of manufacturing handmade paper can be divided into a number of steps: - choosing the raw material (e.g. cellulose from wood, cotton, rags) - beating and grinding the fibres into small pieces - producing a liquid pulp of the desired texture - treating the pulp with various additives - filling the pulp suspension into a paper mould - draining the water - pressing and drying to get the actual sheet - various post-production treatments We will see how the manufacturing process is reflected in the properties of the paper and its degradation. A special attention will be paid to the instrumental analysis for identification of the paper types. Also watermark play an important role in the studies of the manuscripts. A short overview will be offered at the ends of the lecture. T2 - Summer School Manusciences 19 CY - Frejus, France DA - 10.03.2019 KW - Material science KW - Cultural heritage PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48140 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Simulational tools in nanoparticle research: Micromagnetics and particle scattering N2 - Simulational tools are applied to investigate the physical properties of nanoparticles. For the description of radioactive gold nanoparticles, particles scattering simulations are performed with the Geant4 monte carlo simulation toolkit. The temperature dependent behaviour of the magnetization dynamics of different magnetic nanoparticles are simulated with the object oriented micormagnetic framework (OOMMF). T2 - NanoBioAp CY - LLanes, Spain DA - 23.05.2019 KW - Monte Carlo KW - Monte-Carlo simulation KW - MCS KW - Nanoparticle KW - AuNP KW - Dosimetry KW - Radioactive NP KW - Microdosimetry KW - Geant4 KW - OOMMF KW - Micromagnetism KW - Simulation KW - Magnetic nanoparticle KW - LLG PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48110 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hagendorf, C. A1 - Richter, S. A1 - Krause, S. A1 - Bauer, J. A1 - Miclea, P.-T. A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Turek, M. T1 - Microplastic detection and analysis in water with silicon filter systems N2 - The use of optimized silicon filter systems is presented for the microplastic detection. T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Energy-Water-enviroment Nexus in Desert Climate CY - Doha, Qatar DA - 02.12.2019 KW - Filters KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC-MS KW - Harmonisation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50006 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Dense Powder Beds for the Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics N2 - Many of the most successful and precise additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are based on the deposition layer-by-layer of a flowable powder. Since the first pioneering work at the end of the 1980th many developments have been introduced, greatly extending the use of different materials, improving the physical properties of the components built and enhancing the accuracy of the process. Still very important issues remain nowadays, hampering a completely autonomous production of parts and even restricting the freedom of design by means of these technologies. One of the major issues is the low density and stability of the parts during the building process, which implies the need of support structures: The powder bed surrounding the part has an essential role, since it should support the structure during building, until it’s ready for removal. Moreover, the microstructure of the powder bed is a template for the microstructure of the part produced. In this context, the use of submicron ceramic powders is still a challenge. Three approaches for the stabilization and densification of powder beds will be presented: The Layerwise Slurry Deposition process LSD, the gas flow assisted powder deposition and the Laser Induced Slipcasting (LIS) of ceramic powder compacts. T2 - 43rd International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC 2019) CY - Daytona Beach, FL, USA DA - 27.01.2019 KW - Ceramics KW - Additive Manufacturing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Powder-based Additive Manufacturing at Micro-Gravity N2 - Are we ready for putting a human footprint on Mars? Obviously, it is possible to send technologically challenging missions to our earth neighbors with a high level of complexity, such as enabling autonomous planetary mobility. As humanity contemplates mounting manned missions to Mars, strategies need to be developed for the design and operation of hospitable environments safely working in space for years. Humans require water and air provided by complicated equipment. Its safe operation is a great challenge and implies being prepared for all eventualities. Instead of foreseeing and preparing for all possible scenarios of machine failures and accidents, it appears logic taking advantage of the flexibility of humans and providing essential equipment for the reaction on critical situations. The supply of spare parts for repair and replacement of lost equipment would be one key pillar of such a strategy. Bearing in mind the absolute distance and flight trajectories for manned missions to Mars, supplying spare parts from Earth is impossible. Thus, in space manufacturing remains the only option for a timely supply. With a high flexibility in design and the ability to manufacture ready to use components directly from a computer aided model, additive manufacturing technologies appear extremely attractive. For metal parts manufacturing the Laser Beam Melting process is the most widely used additive manufacturing process in industrial application. However, envisioning the handling of metal powders in the absence of gravitation is one prerequisite for its successful application in space. A gas flow throughout the powder bed has been successfully applied to compensate for missing gravitational forces in micro gravity experiments. The so-called Gas Flow Assisted Powder Deposition is based on a porous building platform acting as a filter for the fixation of metal particles in a gas flow driven by a pressure difference maintained by a vacuum pump. T2 - 1st Sino-German Workshop on 3D Printing in Space CY - Beijing, China DA - 20.02.2019 KW - Zero-g KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - µ-gravity PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49628 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Powder-based Additive Manufacturing at Micro-Gravity N2 - Are we ready for putting a human footprint on Mars? Obviously, it is possible to send technologically challenging missions to our earth neighbors with a high level of complexity, such as enabling autonomous planetary mobility. As humanity contemplates mounting manned missions to Mars, strategies need to be developed for the design and operation of hospitable environments safely working in space for years. Humans require water and air provided by complicated equipment. Its safe operation is a great challenge and implies being prepared for all eventualities. Instead of foreseeing and preparing for all possible scenarios of machine failures and accidents, it appears logic taking advantage of the flexibility of humans and providing essential equipment for the reaction on critical situations. The supply of spare parts for repair and replacement of lost equipment would be one key pillar of such a strategy. Bearing in mind the absolute distance and flight trajectories for manned missions to Mars, supplying spare parts from Earth is impossible. Thus, in space manufacturing remains the only option for a timely supply. With a high flexibility in design and the ability to manufacture ready to use components directly from a computer aided model, additive manufacturing technologies appear extremely attractive. For metal parts manufacturing the Laser Beam Melting process is the most widely used additive manufacturing process in industrial application. However, envisioning the handling of metal powders in the absence of gravitation is one prerequisite for its successful application in space. A gas flow throughout the powder bed has been successfully applied to compensate for missing gravitational forces in micro gravity experiments. The so-called Gas Flow Assisted Powder Deposition is based on a porous building platform acting as a filter for the fixation of metal particles in a gas flow driven by a pressure difference maintained by a vacuum pump. T2 - 2nd Sino-German Workshop on 3D Printing in Space CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.10.2019 KW - µ-gravity KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Zero-g PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Griepentrog, Michael T1 - Estimation of measurement uncertainty of instrumented indentation testing N2 - Some critical discussion of the state of the art of uncertainty evaluationin Instrumented Indentation Testing IIT Nowadays the Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT), in the nano range often named as nano indention, is one of the most commonly used methods to determine the mechanical properties of materials in the micro and nano range. This method is already extensive standardized in ISO 14577 part 1-4. In the past, the application of this standard in testing praxis shows that the established values have an excellent precision.If an uncertainty is calculated, the range of values within which the true value is asserted to lie with some level of confidencewill be known. In part 1 of ISO 14577 [1] two methods for evaluation of the uncertainty in IIT are mentioned: Method 1 for determining uncertainty considers only those uncertainties associated with the overall measurement performance of the testing machine with respect to the reference blocks. Method 2calculates a combined uncertainty from individual contributions. These may be grouped into random and systematic uncertainties. Both methods will be described in detail using examples from the dailyexperimental praxis. The comparabilityof both methods will be critically discussed. Finally, it will be showedhow the calculated uncertaintiescan be used for performancetests and product specifications. Acknowledgement This work was performed under the support of the EMPIR project 17NRM05Advancing measurement uncertainty̶ comprehensiveexamples for key international standards References [1] ISO 14577 part 1 (2017) T2 - KLA Nanomechanical Testers User Workshop CY - Langen, Germany DA - 02.05.2019 KW - Instrumented Indentation Testing KW - IIT KW - nanoindentation KW - mechanical properties KW - uncertainty KW - performance test KW - product specification PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48141 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grauel, Bettina A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Haase, M. A1 - Homann, C. T1 - Progress report NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles: determination of energy loss processes for the systematic enhancement of the luminescence efficiency N2 - A report on the progress of the PhD work on upconversion nanoparticles is given, showing lifetimes and quantum yields of single- and co-doped Yb,Er nanocrystals with and without inert shell. T2 - Arbeitsgruppenseminar Prof. Oliver Benson CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.10.2019 KW - Upconversion KW - Spectroscopy KW - Nanoparticles KW - Lifetime PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49754 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gradt, Thomas A1 - Theiler, Géraldine T1 - Influence of cryogenic hydrogen environment on the tribological properties of materials N2 - The presentation gives an overview over the LH2-activities during 20 years of tribological research in cryogenic environments at BAM. T2 - 2019 Hydrogenius & I2CNER Tribology Symposium CY - Fukuoka, Japan DA - 30.01.2019 KW - Friction KW - Wear KW - Hydrogen KW - Cryogenic Engineering KW - Hydrogen Embrittlement PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47339 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gradt, Thomas T1 - Tribological Research in Germany - Overview and Examples from the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) N2 - The talk gives a historical introduction and introduces some of the biggest and most important research institutes in Germany dealing with tribology at Universities, scientific societies and companies. Some examples for research projects and focus areas are given. As an example for a research institute with a long history in tribological research the activities of BAM in Berlin are presented. T2 - Joint Tribology Symposium of Kyushu University and Yokohama National University KY7 CY - Fukuoka, Japan DA - 01.02.2019 KW - Friction KW - Lubrication KW - Wear PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47345 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Joshi, Yogita A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Synchrotron based absorption edge tomography for the analysis of 3D printed polymer MOF N2 - Absorption edge tomography is a method which exploits the sudden change of the attenuation coefficient, when the photon energy crosses the absorption edge of an element. The beamline BAM line at BESSY II, which is operated by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, can provide a monochromatized beam in a photon energy range from 5 keV up to 80 keV with a bandwidth of 2%. Together with the microtomography setup, this enables differential tomography sensitive to any element with N >= 24 (Cr) by using an appropriate K- or L-edge in this range. Here, a polymer filament embedding metal organic framework (MOF) was prepared and used for 3D printing. Absorption edge tomography at the copper K edge was employed to perform a non-destructive 3D characterization of the microstructure of the embedded MOF. Data fusion was then used to determine the size distribution of the embedded MOF. T2 - iCT 2019 CY - Padua, Italy DA - 12.02.2019 KW - Synchrotron tomography KW - BAMline KW - MOF KW - Absorption edge tomography PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47392 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Buzi, P. T1 - Archaeometric analysis of inks from Coptic Manucripts N2 - Understanding the technological evolution of inks from Coptic Manuscripts. T2 - III International PAThs Conference CY - Rome, University of La Sapienza, Italy DA - 25.02.2019 KW - Archaeometry PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48037 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Buzi, Paola T1 - Archaeometric analysis of Egyptian inks from Late Antiquity N2 - Presentation of the results obtained on a corpus of Egyptian papyri from Late Antiquity T2 - Research Showcase: studying Greco-Roman Egypt CY - University of Basel, Switzerland DA - 26.09.2019 KW - Ink KW - Archaeometry KW - Manuscripts KW - Coptic PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49969 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Buzi, Paola T1 - Archaeometric analisis of Egyptian inks from Late Antiquity N2 - Archaeometric analisis of Egyptian inks from Late Antiquity: presentation of the results obtaine on a curpus of literary and documentary manuscripts. T2 - International congress of papyrology CY - Lecce, Italy DA - 28.07.2019 KW - Coptic KW - Archaeometry KW - Ink KW - Manuscripts PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49971 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani, Media A1 - Silbernagl, Dorothee A1 - Elert, Anna Maria T1 - Combination of advanced atomic force microscopy methods to investigate mechanical and chemical interphases in epoxy-boehmite nanocomposites N2 - Formation of interphases between inorganic nanofillers and thermoplastic matrices are usually correlated to short-range interactions which does not exceed more than tens of nanometers away from the surface of the filler. Nevertheless, in nanocomposites with thermosetting matrices, the effect of nanofillers on the properties of the matrix is not limited to the immediate vicinities, but a long-range property alteration of the bulk polymer may be observed. The interaction between nanofillers and the polymer can disturb the curing reaction and alters the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the polymer network in the matrix phase. In our studies, we aim to investigate short and long-range interphases of a nanocomposite system consisting of a thermosetting matrix (DGEBA) filled with an inorganic nanoparticle (boehmite). For this purpose, a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based approaches is implemented. Scanning kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) was used to map the compositional contrast and the interphase with different electrical properties than the bulk. The mechanical properties of the interphase were probed by high resolution intermodulation AFM. (ImAFM). Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy AFM (AFM-IR) is used to investigate the chemical structure of the matrix at different distances from the nanoparticle. SKPM and (AFM-IR) measurements both show a long-range (to 10 µm) effect of boehmite on the chemical structure and surface potential of the bulk epoxy, respectively, whereas ImAFM force measurements reveals a short-range mechanical interphase between the filler and the matrix. The AFM-IR demonstrated the existence of unreacted anhydride hardener at the interphase. This indicates the preferential absorption of anhydride on the surface of boehmite. The consequence of such a selective interaction between the inorganic filler and the epoxy components is disturbance of the epoxy-hardener stoichiometric ratio, the curing mechanism. and the alteration of bulk properties of the matrix. T2 - EUROMAT CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 01.09.2019 KW - AFM KW - SKPM KW - AFM-IR KW - ImAFM KW - Boehmite PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50693 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geißler, Daniel A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Development of reference materials (WP1) and reference methods (WP2) for the standardisation of concentration measurements of extracellular vesicles N2 - BAM provides leading expertise in preparation, characterisation and application of fluorescent reference standards and biomedical relevant nanomaterials, as well as in traceable, absolute, and quantitative fluorometric measurements of transparent and scattering systems in the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared spectral region. BAM will prepare solid low-RI particles in WP1, will develop reference methods to determine the fluorescence intensity and RI of reference materials in WP2, and will measure the fluorescence intensity of EVs in biological test samples of WP3. T2 - EMPIR 18HLT01 "MetVesII" Kick-off meeting CY - Delft, The Netherlands DA - 17.06.2019 KW - Reference materials KW - Reference methods KW - Extracellualr vesicles PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48813 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, P. T1 - Discussion on Weathering Reference Materials N2 - Weathering reference materials are used to characterize the harshness of an exposure, aiming on either reproducibility of a specific exposure or on the comparability between various kinds of weathering exposure. The materials that are used as weathering reference materials differ in their sensitivities (as well as in interactions and interferences of the latter), conditioned by the different processes which lead to the respective property change. It is also essential to take into account the necessary measurement equipment for the respective property change, in order to allow timely intervention. What are the key issues on choosing a weathering reference material? What can be learned from the weathering reference materials, investigated so far? Possibilities and limitations are discussed on the basis of existing weathering reference materials. Conclusions are drawn, for establishing new weathering reference materials. T2 - 9th European Weathering Symposium CY - Basel, Switzerland DA - 18.09.2019 KW - Plastic KW - Ageing KW - Fragmentation KW - Environment KW - Digital twin PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49713 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gawek, Marcel A1 - Madkour, Sherif A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Growth Kinetics and Molecular Mobility of Irreversibly Adsorbed Layers in Thin Films of P2VP and PVME N2 - In well-annealed thin polymer films, with non-repulsive polymer/substrate interactions, an irreversibly adsorbed layer is formed. These adsorbed layers have shown enormous potential for technological applications. Due to the hard accessibility of these layers, their growth kinetics and molecular dynamics are still not fully understood. Here, the irreversibly adsorbed layers of Poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) and Poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) thin films are revealed by solvent-leaching experiments. The growth kinetics of these layers is investigated as a function of original film thickness and annealing times. The thickness, topography and quality of the adsorbed layer is determined with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Additionally, the molecular mobility of the adsorbed layer is investigated with Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). A recently developed nanostructured capacitor (NSC) is employed to measure the adsorbed layers with a free surface layer depending on annealing and solvent-leaching time. The results are quantitatively compared and discussed with respect to recently published work. T2 - Spring Meeting of German Physical Society CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 31.03.2019 KW - Adsorbed layer KW - Thin polymeric films PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47766 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fritzsche, André T1 - Influence of Welding Parameters on Electromagnetic Supported Degassing of Die-Cadted and Wrought Aluminium N2 - Laser beam welding of aluminum die casting is challenging. A large quantity of gases (in particular hydrogen) is absorbed by aluminum during the die-cast manufacturing process and is contained in the base material in solved or bound form. After re-melting by the laser, the gases are released and are present in the melt as pores. Many of these metallurgic pores remain in the weld seam as a result of the high solidification velocities. The natural (Archimedean) buoyancy is not sufficient to remove the pores from the weld pool leading to process instabilities and poor mechanical properties of the weld. Therefore, an electromagnetic (EM) system is used to apply an additional buoyancy component to the pores. The physical mechanism is based on the generation of Lorentz forces, whereby an electromagnetic pressure is introduced into the weld pool. The EM system exploits the difference in electrical conductivity between poorly conducting pores (inclusions) and the comparatively better conducting aluminum melt to increase the resulting buoyancy velocity of the pores. Within the present study, the electromagnetic supported degassing is investigated in dependence on the laser beam power, welding velocity and electromagnetic flux density. By means of a design of experiments a systematic variation of these parameters is carried out for partial penetration laser beam welding of 6 mm thick sheets of wrought aluminum alloy AlMg3 and die-cast aluminum alloy AlSi12(Fe) where the wrought alloy serves as a reference. The proportion of pores in the weld seams is determined using X-ray images, computed tomography (CT-) images and cross-section images. The results prove a significant reduction of the porosity up to 70 % for both materials as a function of the magnetic flux density T2 - 38th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 07.10.2019 KW - AISI D2 KW - Laser implantation KW - Surface texturing KW - TiB2 PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50010 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Sebastian A1 - Cappella, Brunero T1 - Characterization of lubricants using AFM force-distance curves N2 - Auf dünnen Filmen von Schmiermitteln wurden Kraft-Abstand-Kurven aufgenommen. Die Schmiermittel benetzen die AFM-Spitze, sodass eine Kapillarkraft auftritt. Diese hängt von der Form der Spitze sowie von physikalischen Eigenschaften wie Viskosität und Oberflächenspannung ab, die zusätzlich mit anderen Verfahren bestimmt wurden. So konnte ihr Einfluss auf die Kurvenform untersucht werden. N2 - Force-distance curves have been recorded on thin films of lubricants. The lubricants wet the AFM tip, which causes a capillary force. This force depends on the shape of the tip, as well as on physical properties like viscosity and surface tension, which have been determined additionally with other methods. This way, their influence on the shape of the curves could be analyzed. T2 - 60. Tribologie-Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Tribologie/GfT CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 23.09.2019 KW - AFM-Kraft-Abstand-Kurven KW - Schmiermittel KW - Viskosität PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49906 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Frei, Vivian A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Rogge, Andreas T1 - Characterizing the Fatigue Behavior of High-Performance Concrete for Wind Energy Structures N2 - Severe mechanical fatigue conditions for worldwide proliferating windfarms are a Major challenge for high-performance concrete in towers, connecting joints and foundations of wind turbines. High-performance concrete offers potential for the application in offshore windfarms, not only regarding its good mechanical, but also chemical resistivity due to low diffusivity in the highly densified microstructure. For a more reliable fatigue assessment, monitoring based on nondestructive testing can be a valuable complement to design rules. Both approaches demand reliable experimental data, information about scalability and the development of standardized testing methods. This article presents results of an ongoing research program of BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung), which is a part of a joint national project (WinConFat) funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. The subproject implemented by BAM examines the fatigue behavior in dependence of size and slenderness for varying concrete strength at different stress levels. Besides fatigue strength, nondestructive testing is carried out additionally. Methods used are strain measurement and ultrasonic testing. The change of strain, stiffness and ultrasonic pulse velocity in the fatigue process is discussed. Results disclose a deeper insight into the damage process under cyclic loading of high-performance concrete and contribute to improve nondestructive monitoring. T2 - LORCENIS - Long Lasting Reinforced Concrete for Energy Infrastructue under Severe Operating Conditions CY - Gent, Belgium DA - 10.09.2019 KW - Compressive Cyclic loading KW - Fatigue KW - High-strength concrete KW - Non destructive testing KW - Ultrasonic testing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49474 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Frei, J. A1 - Biegler, M. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Resistance spot welding under external load for evaluation of LME susceptibility of zinc coated advanced high strength steel sheets N2 - Some zinc coated advanced high strength steels (AHSS), under certain manufacturing conditions, are known to be prone to liquid metal embrittlement (LME) during resistance spot welding. LME is an undesired phenomenon, which can cause both surface and internal cracks in a spot weld, potentially influencing its strength. An effort is made to understand influencing factors of LME better, and evaluate geometry-material combinations regarding their LME susceptibility. Manufacturers benefit from such knowledge because it improves the processing security of the materials. The experimental procedure of welding under external load is performed with samples of multiple AHSS classes with strengths up to 1200 MPa, including dual phase, complex phase and TRIP steels. This way, externally applied tensile load values are determined, which cause liquid metal embrittlement in the samples to occur. In the future, finite element simulation of this procedure gives access to in-situ stress and strain values present during LME formation. The visualization improves the process understanding, while a quantification of local stresses and strains allows an assessment of specific welded geometries. T2 - ESDAD 2019 CY - Dusseldorf, Germany DA - 24.06.2019 KW - RSW KW - LME KW - Advanced high strength steel KW - Testing method KW - Zinc coated steel PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49079 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Florian, Camilo A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Applications on Surface Functionalization by Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) N2 - In recent years, the understanding on the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) has led to an emerging variety of applications that modify the optical, mechanical and chemical properties of many materials. Such structures strongly depend on the used polarization and are formed usually after irradiation with ultrashort linearly polarized laser pulses. Some specific formation mechanisms to explain every situation are still to be uncovered, but the most accepted explanation relies on the interference of the incident laser beam with electromagnetic surface waves that propagate or scatter at the surface of the irradiated materials. This leads to an intensity modulation that is finally responsible for the selective ablation in the form of parallel structures with periodicities ranging from hundreds of nanometers up to some micrometers. The versatility when forming such structures is based on the high reproducibility with different wavelength, pulse duration and repetition rate laser sources, customized micro- and nanometric spatial resolutions and compatibility with industrially relevant processing speeds when combined with fast scanning devices. In this contribution, we review the latest applications in the rapidly emerging field of surface functionalization through LIPSS, including biomimetic functionalities on fluid transport, control of the wetting properties, specific optical responses in technical materials, improvement of tribological performance on metallic surfaces and bacterial and cell growth for medical devices among many others. T2 - 38th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro Optics (ICALEO 2019) CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 07.10.2019 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS KW - Femtosecond laser ablation KW - Surface functionalization KW - Applications PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49473 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Florian, Camilo A1 - Undisz, A. A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Oxidation effects on the functionality and formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures N2 - In the last decades, the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) has been widely studied, not only to stablish a general understanding of the main mechanisms present during the irradiation with ultrashort laser pulses, but also to identify the main processing parameters for its fabrication on various technical materials. However, an important and almost always present effect that is typically set aside is the material oxidation during or after the laser processing. Usually, this leads to optical, chemical, structural and mechanical alterations that are seldomly studied in detail. Therefore, in this work we present a study that includes the formation of LIPSS on Ti6Al4V alloy for tribological applications were different oxidations layers are involved. The material characterization using different techniques, such as energy dispersive X-ray analyses (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro Raman spectroscopy (µ-RS), and depth-profiling Auger electron microscopy (AEM), and other techniques, confirms the formation of a non-negligible superficial oxide layer – strongly dependent on the specific processing parameters. We perform tribological experiments on laser irradiated samples oxidized by alternative ways to have a comparison on its friction performance. The obtained results show significant differences that depend directly on the thickness and the quality of the oxidized layer. This may open a fertile research area until now barely explored with clear impact on LIPSS based applications. T2 - 9th International LIPSS Workshop CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 26.09.2019 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49709 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Duwe, M. A1 - Schneider, S. T1 - Mueller-matrix imaging ellipsometry of structural anomalies and inhomogenities N2 - In the last years, the implementation of imaging ellipsometry in the variety of optical characterization techniques has shown tremendous potential to analyze the topology of surfaces in the lateral dimension. In the later studies, this contrast-rich surface images were affiliated with changes of the refraction indices, Absorption bands or layer thicknesses. However, it was realized that additional factors like curvature or scattering can have a great Impact on the ellipsometric readout of the analyzed system. In this study, we focus on the systematic evaluation of structural anomalies and inhomogenities of several Basic systems. This includes spherical particles as a model for microscopic curved surfaces in a range of 0.25 to 25 μm in diameter. In the macroscopic regime several conventional convex lenses were analyzed. Additional affords were made to generate microscopic concave model systems by applying nanoindentation with a spherical indentation unit. With this method calottes with a depth of 0.04 to 2 μm and radius of 2.5 μm were made. The macroscopic counterpart is delivered by conventional concave lens systems. For all systems, a variety of different bulk materials was investigated. This includes metal oxides, metals and polymers as well as combinations of each by applying coatings on the bulk materials with different layer thicknesses. To analyze these structural anomalies and inhomogenities properly, Mueller-Matrix imaging ellipsometry is the method of choice to address cross- and depolarization effects that occur due to the curved surfaces. Supplementary methods were used for an independent characterization of the topological properties of all structural anomalies and inhomogenities. This includes AFM and SEM for the microscopic samples (microparticles and nanoindented holes) and white light interferometry for the macroscopic lenses. This study results in a systematic screening of different coated and uncoated material systems with a topology that does not fit into conventional ellipsometry and thus is analyzed by Muller-Matrix imaging ellipsometry. This will help in quality control and is a contribution to the understanding of the polarizing effects of non-ideal Systems analyzed by ellipsometry. T2 - 8th International conference on spectroscopic ellipsometry (ICSE-8) CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 26.05.2019 KW - Spectroskopic Imaging KW - Mueller-Matrix imaging ellipsometry KW - Structural anomalies KW - Structural inhomogenities PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48347 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Fire reference test for IAEA package thermal testing in a propane gas fire test facility N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material shall withstand severe accidents. Therefore, the IAEA Regulations define different test scenarios to cover severe hypothetical accident conditions. One of these tests defined in detail is the thermal test, mainly consisting of a 30 minute fully engulfing 800 °C pool fire or an equally severe fire test. The heat fluxes into the package are of significant importance and depend substantially on the fire characteristics and the surface temperature of the package. In order to investigate the heat fluxes over a wide range of surface temperatures during a propane gas fire test and to get information about local fire impact a fire reference package, representing the outer geometry of a specific type of transport cask for radioactive waste, was designed. A closed steel sheet cylinder with a wall thickness of 10 mm was chosen as fire reference package. The cylinder was filled with refractory insulation material and instrumented with thermocouples distributed all over the cylinder. The local steel sheet temperatures measured allow the determination of local as well as global heat fluxes as a function of time and surface temperature. With this fire reference package three open-air propane gas fire tests were performed at BAM’s open air fire test stand. The flame exposure time period was changed for the different fire tests. Furthermore, the wind conditions changed between and during the tests. Test stand parameters like wind shield location and propane gas volume flow were chosen constant for the three tests. The test results were used to determine the changes of heat flux into the fire reference package in relation to the package surface temperature. This data also allows the calculation of local characteristics of the propane gas fire as there are the flame temperature, the fire convection coefficient and the radiation exchange coefficient in a first approach. The recently conducted tests provide an initial picture of local fire characteristics of the propane gas fire test facility. The test shows that the propane gas fire covers the IAEA-fire over a wide range of surface temperatures with the chosen test stand parameters. T2 - 19th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials PATRAM 2019 CY - New Orleans, LA, USA DA - 04.08.2019 KW - Thermal testing KW - Convection coefficient KW - IAEA fire KW - Propane gas fire test facility PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48841 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Feldmann, Titus A1 - Charmi, Amir A1 - Epishin, A. T1 - Simulation of pore shrinkage with crystal plasticity and dislocation transport N2 - Single crystal superalloys usually contain pores of sizes 5-10 micro-m after casting and heat treatment. These pores can be reduced under compression by combined creep and diffusion in a subsequent treatment called Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). The paper presents a methodology to simulate pore shrinkage under HIP conditions in two dimensions (2D). At the scale of the pores, which is also the scale of the sub-grains (<50 micro-m) the dislocation sources cannot be assumed to be homogeneously distributed. Thus, the applicability of classical crystal plasticity is questionable. In this case, the transport of dislocations under an applied stress from the location where they are nucleated must be explicitly modelled. This is done by solving the transport equations for the dislocation densities and the elasticity equations in 2D. The dislocations are assumed to be nucleated at Low Angle Boundaries. They glide or climb through the sub-grains with a stress dependent velocity. The transport equations are solved by the Flux-Corrected Transport method, which belongs to the predictor-corrector class of algorithms. In the first step, an artificial diffusion is introduced, which suppresses spurious oscillations of the solution. In a second step, the solution is corrected in such a way that no additional extremes appear and that the extremes do not grow. The algorithm is validated by simulating the transport of simple distributions with a constant velocity field. With the dislocation velocities and the computed dislocation densities, the inelastic shear rate at the slip system level is computed by integrating the Orowan equation. In the 2D-setting, three slip systems are considered. The contributions of these slip systems are summed up to obtain the total inelastic strain rate. Dislocation glide and climb and the coupling of climb with vacancies diffusion are considered. The resolution of the equilibrium equations from the inelastic strains turned out to be prone to numerical instabilities. As an alternative, the stresses are directly computed from the distribution of geometrically necessary dislocations following the method presented in. The resulting boundary value problem is solved by the Least-Square Finite Element method. Examples of simulations are presented for a representative region under creep tension and for a pore shrinking under external pressure. T2 - International Conference on Material Modelling, ICMM 6 CY - Lund, Sweden DA - 26.06.2019 KW - Superalloy KW - Pores KW - Creep KW - Dislocations PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48488 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fayet, G. A1 - Rotureau, P. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Knorr, Annett T1 - Predictive Methods for Determining the Thermal Decomposition Properties of Hazardous Substances N2 - Due to the fast development and availability of computers, predictive approaches are increasingly used in the evaluation process of hazardous substances complementary to experiments. Their use was recommended as alternative to experimental testing by the REACH regulation to complete the lack of knowledge on properties for existing substances that must be registered before 2018 (upon quantities). Among the proposed predictive approaches, Quantitative Structure Property Relationships (QSPR) are powerful methods to predict macroscopic properties from the only molecular structure of substances. In that context, the HAZPRED project (2015-2018, founded by the SAF€RA consortium) aims to develop theoretical models (e.g. QSPR) and small-scale tests to predict complex physico-chemical properties (e.g. thermal stability, explosivity) of hazardous substances to complete the lack of knowledge on these hazardous substances quickly or to understand their decomposition behaviour better. In particular, this contribution will present the work done in this project on the physical hazards of organic peroxides and self-reactive substances: gathering of existing experimental data, new experimental campaigns, review of existing models and proposition of new estimation methods. T2 - 16th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries CY - Delft, The Netherlands DA - 16.06.2019 KW - Self-reactive substances KW - QSPR KW - HAZPRED KW - Organic peroxides PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49509 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Characterization of co (polyamide)s N2 - Characterization problems of technically relevant copolyamides applying size exclusion chromatography, interaction chromatography and their combination with MALDI-TOF-MS will be discussed. T2 - 23. Kolloquium Massenspektrometrie und synthetische Polymere CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.05.2019 KW - LCCC KW - Mass spectrometry of polymers KW - SEC KW - LC / MALDI-TOF-MS coupling PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48221 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Epping, Ruben T1 - View into the Depths of Copolymer Microstructure N2 - For different kinds of polymers it will be shown how it could be realized to obtain information on small, sometimes isomeric topological heterogeneities by coupling UPLC / ESI-TOF-MS and LC /MALDI-TOF-MS. T2 - DSM, Fall Meeting CY - Breda, The Netherlands DA - 07.11.2019 KW - Microstructure KW - LC-MS KW - Copolymer PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49587 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Epping, Ruben T1 - View into the depths of copolymer microstructure by a special approach of LC-MS data evaluation N2 - It is a well-known story that copolymers beside their molar mass distribution (MMD) can exhibit a functionality type distribution (FTD), a copolymer composition distribution (CCD), a monomer sequence distribution (MSD) and additionally different topologies within one sample. This is and will remain a challenge for analysts. First a very short overview will be given concerning the common liquid separation techniques for polymers (SEC, LAC, LCCC, GELC) coupled to soft ionization mass spectrometric methods like MALDI and ESI-MS with focus on their limitations. For very broadly distributed samples or chemical very similar species the superposition of different separation mechanisms in chromatography is unavoidable or the separation efficiency cannot be optimized. Different ionization probabilities and species of the same nominal mass with completely different structures are just two problems of mass spec of complex polymer mixtures. Subsequently, different examples will be shown how these limitations in some cases could be outsmarted. First example will be the separation of statistical EO-PO copolymers of different chemical compositions by end group functionality and the quantification of end group fractions over the whole CCD. Here an UP-LCCC / ESI-TOF-MS coupling is applied. Further for different kinds of polymers it will be shown how it could be realized to obtain information on small isobaric/isomeric topological heterogeneities by coupling UP-SEC / ESI-TOF-MS. All results are based on the data processing of reconstructed ion chromatograms of single mass traces of complex ESI-MS spectra. T2 - SCM-9 CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 29.01.2019 KW - Reconstructed ion chromatograms KW - Copolymer KW - Microstructure KW - LC x ESI-TOF-MS PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47836 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falk, Florian A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane A1 - Lehmusto, J. A1 - Pint, B. T1 - The impact of water vapour on high-temperature surface degradation by sulfurous gases of ferritic alloys N2 - Sulfur and water have a fundamental impact on the corrosion rate and potential failure of materials. It is therefore necessary to understand the mechanisms, rates, and potential means of transport, as well as the reactions of these elements with an alloy. This work investigates the effect of water vapor in the initial stages of SO2 corrosion of an ferritic model alloy containing 9 wt% Cr and 0.5 wt% Mn. The exposure experiments were studied at 650°C in situ under laboratory conditions using energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction analysis. Two separate experiments were run, one with a 99.5% Ar + 0.5% SO2 atmosphere and one with a 69.5% Ar + 0.5% SO2 + 30% H2O atmosphere. With a wet atmosphere, the alloy formed a scale with decreasing oxygen content towards the scale–alloy interface. Sulfides were identified above and below a (Fe, Cr)3O4 layer in the inner corrosion zone. In contrast to this, the overall scale growth was slower in a dry SO2 atmosphere. T2 - EUROCORR CY - Barceló Sevilla Renacimiento, Seville, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Diffraction KW - Sulfidation KW - Early oxidation KW - Corrosion KW - In situ PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49213 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fabry, Çağtay A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - WelDX - towards a common file format for open science in welding N2 - WelDX is a newly started research project at BAM publicly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Over the course of three years the project aims to build the foundation for a publicly accessible file format and to foster research collaboration in arc welding on a national and international level. The talk will motivate benefits and discuss challenges of using a common file format designed to describe, store and share arc welding research data in the scope of "Open Science". By using common open source software and tools, welding data will be made more accessible and reusable so that new scientific practices may emerge. The proposed file format aims to be easy to use for common welding applications while also offering the possibility to describe complex experiments for state of the art welding research. In addition the talk will illustrate how in the future other facilities and researchers will be able to use experimental arc welding data generated at BAM for their own research, for example to conduct their own data analysis or welding process and thermo-mechanical simulations. T2 - The 72nd IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference 2019 CY - Bratislava, Slovakia DA - 07.07.2019 KW - Welding KW - Research data management KW - Open science KW - Open data KW - Digitalization PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49382 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fabry, Çağtay A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Digitalization and Open Science in Welding Research N2 - The talk will give an overview of past, ongoing and future activities at BAM welding divisions, specifically those regarding prospects and challenges of the ongoing digital transformation and the move to more accessible research data (open science) with concerns to welding research. We will discuss current ways to publish and share research results inside the welding community and highlight approaches and advancements from other scientific fields to improve accessibility and reproducibility. We would also like to discuss the feasibility of integrating open science principles into the current IIW landscape of meetings, publications and education. In Addition we will introduce our upcoming series of workshops organized by BAM focusing on defining and implementing an open source file format specifically designed to publish and exchange high quality welding research data. T2 - The 72nd IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference 2019 CY - Bratislava, Slovakia DA - 07.07.2019 KW - Digitalization KW - Open science KW - Welding KW - Open data KW - Research data management PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49381 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei A1 - Paciornik, Sidnei A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Application of deep learning to the segmentation of synchrotron X-ray tomography data of multiphase metal matrix composites N2 - The 3D microstructure of an Al alloy matrix composite with two ceramic reinforcements was investigated by synchrotron X-ray tomography. A deep learning algorithm was used for the segmentation of four different phases. We show that convolutional networks with the U-Net architecture are able to solve complex segmentation tasks with small amount of training data. T2 - International Conference on Tomography of Materials & Structures CY - Cairns, Australia DA - 22.07.2019 KW - Synchrotron X-ray tomography KW - Deep learning KW - Segmentation KW - Metal matrix composite PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48606 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Sevostianov, Igor A1 - Garcés, Gerardo A1 - Requena, Guillermo A1 - Cabeza, Sandra A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Load transfer and damage evolution in multiphase Al alloy matrix composites under uniaxial compression N2 - Aluminum alloys are extensively used in the automotive industry. Particularly, squeeze casting production of Al-Si alloys is employed in the conception of metal matrix composites (MMC) for combustion engines. Such materials are of a high interest since they allow combining improved mechanical properties and reduced weight and hence improve efficiency. We investigate two types of MMCs, which can be potentially used for production of combustion engine pistons: 1) a near-eutectic cast AlSi12CuMgNi alloy reinforced with 15%vol. Al2O3 random planar oriented short fibers and 2) the same alloy reinforced with 7%vol. Al2O3 random planar oriented short fibers + 15%vol. SiC particles. Complex 3D microstructure of the samples in as-cast condition, consisting of four and five phases (Al matrix, eutectic Si, intermetallics, Al2O3 fibers and SiC particles) was investigated by synchrotron computed tomography (CT). Advanced methods based on machine learning were applied for segmentation of all phases. This allowed extracting quantitative information such as volume fraction, shape and interconnectivity of every phase. In-situ compression tests during neutron diffraction experiments were used to track the load transfer among phases, while CT on pre-strained samples to monitor and quantify damage. A micromechanical model was developed to simulate the evolution of the internal stress of each phase during uniaxial compression. We showed that in composites with the Al2O3 fiber mat plane perpendicular to the load axis the Al-alloy matrix presents a large hydrostatic stress component, i.e. undergoes compression also in the direction transverse to the external load. This feature holds with and without the addition of SiC ceramic reinforcement and is absent in the case when the Al2O3 fiber mat plane is parallel to the load axis. We show, that the intermetallics play a decisive role at very high loads, when all other reinforcement phases suffer (extensive) damage. The addition of SiC particles does alleviate the load on the Al2O3 fibers, on the eutectic Si, and on the intermetallic phases in both cases of parallel and orthogonal (to the load axis) Al2O3 fiber orientation. Apart from the beneficial addition of ceramic reinforcement, the presence of intermetallic phase and eutectic silicon, forming an interconnected network even at high loads, when single particles break, confers peculiar properties to these multi-phase composites. T2 - The 3rd International Conference on Light Materials CY - Manchester, UK DA - 05.11.2019 KW - Aluminum alloy KW - Metal Matrix Composite KW - Computed tomography KW - Neutron diffraction KW - Stress analysis KW - Load partition PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49640 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Kromm, Arne T1 - Residual stresses in Laser Beam Melting (LBM) – Critical Review and outlook of activities at BAM N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have experienced an exceedingly rapid growth, which is coupled with the knowledge about the resulting material properties and performance. In particular, residual stress (RS) was soon recognized as an important issue in AM parts, such that parts are usually subjected to a post build-heat-treated. Significant effort has been spent on simulations of RS in AM, especially using finite element methods. As a consequence, the experimental determination of RS has thereby become increasingly important as a validation tool for simulations, as well as a method for assessing the influence of process parameters. In particular, diffraction methods, which are fundamentally non-destructive, offer enormous possibilities to gain knowledge on the residual stress state in real components, since synchrotron radiation and neutrons can penetrate even heavy metals up to several millimeters or centimeters, respectively. Indeed, significant progress has been achieved, in the understanding of the origins of the RS fields as a function of process parameters, as well as their stability under thermal and/or mechanical exposure. In this paper, a few success stories will be outlined. It will be shown how the determination of RS in metallic parts (with the focus on those produced by laser powder bed fusion) has even revealed that process parameters that were previously considered unimportant (e.g. the position and orientation on the base plate) play a major role in the onset of residual stress accumulation. However, while RS characterization is starting to be considered in the component design, deposition strategy (e.g. build plate temperature), and even in the definition of the relevant metric to assess the quality of a part, much is still to be investigates about the hypotheses underlying its experimental determination. Therefore, some aspects to be aware of, or even those which to date are unclear, will also be discussed. These include the determination of the stress-free reference and of the principal axes of stress. All of these aspects will lead towards a comprehensive understanding of the process-structure-performance relationships in AM materials and parts. T2 - Fourth ASTM Symposium on Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Materials and Parts CY - Gaylord National Resort And Convention Center; National Harbor, MD DA - 07.10.2019 KW - Diffraction KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Residual stress PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49367 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Thiede, Tobias A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Léonard, Fabien A1 - Laquai, René A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Serrano Munoz, Itziar A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Non destructive characterization in Additive manufacturing N2 - An overview of non destructive characterisation in additively manufactured materials using computed tomography, refraction and diffraction based stress analysis T2 - BAM-IFW workshop CY - IFW Dresden, Germany DA - 28.03.2019 KW - Residual stress analysis KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Computed tomography KW - Diffraction KW - X-ray refraction PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49842 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Thiede, Tobias A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Cabeza, Sandra A1 - Serrano Munoz, Itziar A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Residual stresses in am review and oulook of activities at BAM N2 - Critical discussion of residual stress Analysis in additive manufacturing from examples in literature and an overview of activities at BAM T2 - Workshop on Fatigue of Additive Manufactured Metallic Components CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 16.05.2019 KW - Diffraction KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Residual stress PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49843 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai A1 - Straße, Anne A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Winterkorn, René A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Avila, Luis A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Charmi, Amir A1 - Falkenberg, Rainer A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Werner, Tiago A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Zerbst, Uwe A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Thiede, Tobias A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Ageing in additively manufactured metallic components: from powder to mechanical failure” an overview of the project agil N2 - An overview of the BAM funed Focus Area Materials Project "AGIL" will be presented. AGIL focussed on the stdiy of the ageing characteristics of additively manufactured austenitic stainless steel with a "powder to mechanical failure" Approach. Recent Highlights are presented and a perspective for future studies. T2 - Workshop on Additive Manufacturing CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - Residual stress KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Microstructure characterisation KW - Tensile testing KW - Fatigue KW - Crystal Plasticity Modelling KW - Crack propagation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49823 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erning, Johann Wilhelm A1 - Kamaraj, Abinaya T1 - Susceptibility of 304 stainless steel to crevice corrosion in electrochemically active fluids N2 - The crevice corrosion behaviour of stainless steel 304 L n ECA fluids is investigated. Results are described, rules for operation are suggested T2 - Ceocor-Tagung 2019 CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 21.05.2019 KW - Desinfection KW - Crevice corrosion KW - ECA PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49280 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erning, Johann Wilhelm T1 - Observations of copper pitting corrosion in german tap waters N2 - In recent years, a new type of pitting corrosion is observed on half-had copper pipes. examples are given and possible reasons are discussed T2 - Eurocorr 2019 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Water KW - Pitting KW - Corrosion KW - Copper KW - Drinking PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49281 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erning, Johann Wilhelm A1 - Kamaraj, Abinaya T1 - Susceptibility of 304 stainless steel to crevice corrosion in electrochemically active fluids N2 - The susceptibility of AISI 304 stainless steel to crevice corrosion on the effect of contact with electrochemically active fluids was investigated using exposure and stepwise potentiostatic polarisation. Crevice materials made up of 304 SS and Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) forming two kinds of crevices including 304 SS-to-PEEK and 304 SS-to-304 SS were tested. T2 - Eurocorr 2019 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - ECA KW - Crevice KW - Corrosion KW - Stainless KW - Steel PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49282 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erning, Johann Wilhelm T1 - A new type of copper pitting corrosion in german tap waters N2 - Half-hard copper pipes show pitting corosion under conditions until now seen as uncritical. Examples are discussed, possible causes described. T2 - MTECH 2019 CY - Porec, Croatia DA - 09.10.2019 KW - Drinking KW - Pitting KW - Corrosion KW - Copper KW - Water PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49283 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - New insights in cocrystal formations: in situ investigations of mechanochemical syntheses N2 - Mechanochemistry is increasingly used for synthesizing soft matter materials including metal organic compounds and cocrystals. The ever-increasing interest in this method is contrasted by a limited mechanistic understanding of the mechanochemical reactivity and selectivity. Time-resolved in situ investigations of milling reactions provide direct insights in the underlying mechanisms. We introduced a setup enabling in situ investigation of mechanochemical reactions using synchrotron XRD combined with Raman spectroscopy. The specific combination allows to study milling processes comprehensively on the level of the molecular and crystalline structure and thus obtaining reliable data for mechanistic studies. We discuss our recent results investigating the formation of (polymorphic) cocrystals. First investigations of a mechanochemical synthesis under controlled temperature which allow determining the activation barrier are presented.6 Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and in situ Raman spectroscopy coupled with thermography revealed a low temperature increase during milling reactions due to the mechanical impact and clear temperature increases as a result of the reaction heat. Our results indicate that in situ investigation of milling reactions offer a new approach to tune and optimize mechanochemically synthesized compounds. T2 - CSEC Seminar University of Edinburgh CY - Edinburgh, Scotland DA - 16.05.2019 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Acoustic levitation KW - In situ PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48098 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Shaken or levitated? A time resolved perspective on unconventional crystallization N2 - This Outlook provides a brief overview of the recent achievements and opportunities created by acoustic levitation and mechanochemistry, including access to materials, molecular targets, and synthetic strategies that are difficult to access by conventional means. T2 - Vortragsreihe Analytik Merck CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 18.11.19 KW - Levitation KW - Acoustic levitation KW - X-ray and electron diffraction PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50135 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - May the force be with you - in situ investigation of mechanochemical reactions N2 - The past decade has seen a reawakening of solid-state to chemical synthesis, driven by the search for new, cleaner synthetic methodologies. Mechanochemistry has advanced to a widely applicable technique. T2 - SALSA's "Make and Measure 2019 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.10.2019 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Metal–organic frameworks PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50138 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Mechanochemistrry - a time resolved perspective on unconventional crystallization N2 - Green chemsistry apporoach for the synthesis of metal organic frameworks. T2 - IFW BAM Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.11.2019 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - XRD KW - Metal-organic-frameworks PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50110 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - May the Force be with you - Mechanochemical syntheses studied in situ N2 - Mechanochemistry is a fast and efficient method applicable for the synthesis of new organic, metal-organic, and inorganic compounds. The direct monitoring of milling reactions is still challenging. The underlying reaction mechanisms remain often unclear. In the last years, have established a tandem in situ approach for investigating mechanochemical reactions using time-resolved in situ XRD coupled with Raman spectroscopy. Here, we present an in situ coupling of synchrotron XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and thermography allowing the observation of mechanochemical reactions in real time. Information on the crystalline, molecular, and temperature state of the materials during grinding could be collected. The chemical composition of the reaction mixture was found to be directly correlated with changes in the temperature profile of the reaction. Furthermore, the presented setup allows the detection of crystalline, amorphous, eutectic as well as liquid intermediates. The resulting deeper kinetic and thermodynamic understanding of milling processes is the key for future optimization of mechanochemical syntheses. T2 - Seminar Universität Montpellier CY - Montpellier, France DA - 24.01.2019 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47261 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - New insights in mechanochemical processes using real-time in situ investigations N2 - Use of synchrotron radiation for special sample conditions. Recent work of the group at BESSY II. T2 - DESY Usermeeting Satelite Workshop CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 22.01.2019 KW - XRD KW - In situ KW - Rietveld KW - Synchrotron PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47262 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Hassanein, Yosri A1 - Elert, Anna Maria A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Understanding degradation mechanisms of microplastics in environmental samples N2 - Im Vortrag wird die Problematik Mikroplastik eingeführt und ein Probenset aus dem Mittelmeer mit ersten Ergebnissen besprochen. Die Alterung von Polymeren im Umweltkontext sowie Möglichkeiten der Analyse von Polymeralterungsfortschritten werden diskutiert. Die thermoanalytische Methode mit Zersetzungsgasanalytik (TED-GC-MS) wird eingeführt und deren Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Thematik umrissen. T2 - EuroMech Colloquium 607 Marine Aging of Polymers CY - Brest, France DA - 28.08.2019 KW - Microplastics KW - Tara Mediterranee KW - Polymer aging KW - TED-GC-MS PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49110 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ehlers, Henrik A1 - Pelkner, Matthias T1 - Electromagnetic testing for additive manufacturing N2 - This talk presents a new application for high-spatial resolution eddy current testing (ET) with magneto resistive (MR) sensor arrays. With rising popularity and availability of additive manufacturing (AM), companies mainly in the aerospace sector, set high requirements on quality control of AM parts, especially produced with selective laser melting (SLM). Since it was shown that those parts are prawn to flaws like pores or cracks, every part needs to be tested. Therefore, NDT Methods, like ET, could help to characterize SLM parts. Research on ET has shown, that offline ET with high spatial resolution MR sensor arrays is possible and that flaws as small as 50 µm could be detected while significantly reducing testing time. In this talk a first approach on automated online ET method for testing SLM parts is proposed. An approach with hundreds of MR sensor is made to maintain spatial resolution and short testing times. Classic signal conditioning methods are used to reduce cost and complexity while maintaining high testing bandwidths. The proposed idea enables further research on automated generation of testing reports, process control or automated flaw curing. T2 - ICWAM 2019 CY - Metz, France DA - 05.06.2019 KW - GMR KW - Eddy Current KW - LBM KW - SLM KW - LPBF KW - Additive Manufacturing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48201 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duwe, M. A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - Quast, J.-H. A1 - Schneider, S. A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Curved-surface metrology by imaging Mueller-matrix ellipsometry N2 - Outline - maging ellipsometry: oncept and setup - Basic theory: ellipsometry on tilted/curved surfaces - Geometric considerations - Tilt-induced cross-polarization - Application: coating analysis on microlensarray - Mueller-Matrix Imaging - Conversion to Delta-Psi Image - Layer-thickness of ITO coating T2 - 8th International conference on spectroscopic CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 26.05.2019 KW - Spectroscopic Imaging KW - Mueller-Matrix Ellipsometry KW - Curved surfaces PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48366 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Balzer, R. A1 - Bauer, U. A1 - Kiefer, P. T1 - Micromechanical properties of hydrous oxide glasses N2 - Presentation of the results on structure and mechanical properties of water-bearing oxide glasses, which were found during the project at the locations Clausthal, Hanover and Berlin within the priority program SPP1594. T2 - 9th Otto Schott Colloquium CY - Jena, Germany DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Crack growth KW - Glass KW - Water content KW - Mechanical properties KW - IR PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50444 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Hard X-ray spectroscopy and imaging at the BAMline and MySpot beamlines at BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) N2 - Overview of the X-ray based analytical methods conducted at the BAMline and µSpot Beamline for structure analysis. T2 - Pccr2 + AfLS conference CY - Accra, Ghana DA - 29.01.2019 KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - Synchrotron KW - Beamline KW - Material characterization PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47319 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Crasselt, Claudia A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Influence of rheology modifying admixtures on early hydration of cementitious suspensions N2 - The presence of polycarboxylate ether (PCE) based superplasticizers (SPs) has enormous influence on the early hydration of cement. C3A as the most reactive phase of Portland cement plays a significant role in early hydration reactions and affects the rheological performance. Therefore, this talk presents experimental results about the influence of delayed addition of PCEs on the Hydration of alite and C3A-gypsum pastes investigated by isothermal heat flow calorimetry. Complementary in-situ XRD was carried out on C3S and C3A-gypsum pastes to analyze hydration and phase changes related to the addition of PCE. Cement pastes with a delayed addition of PCE showed less retardation compared to simultaneous addition. The alteration caused by PCE is much more pronounced for C3A-gypsum mixes. With a delayed addition of SP, the hydration of C3A is less retarded or even accelerated. It is obvious that there is less retardation the later the addition of SP. Furthermore, the PCE alter the hydration of C3A when added delayed and exhibit changes in kinetics and Hydration rates. XRD results showed that more C3A is dissolved in the presence of PCE. Also, the gypsum depletion occurs earlier in the presence of PCE and even faster with delayed addition. Without PCE AFm starts to form just after the gypsum depletion. However, in the presence of PCE AFm already starts to form at the beginning of the hydration. Due to the faster gypsum depletion in the presence of PCE, also the transformation from ettringite into AFm begins earlier, but takes longer as without SP. T2 - 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 16.09.2019 KW - Cement KW - Alite KW - C3S KW - C3A KW - Early hydration KW - Polycarboxylate ether (PCE) KW - Delayed addition PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49103 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Colini, Claudia T1 - Ink for papyri, ink of papyrus: Recipes from the Arabic world N2 - Papyrus was in use in the Islamic world until the 11th century and few ink recipes collected from treatises about the art of the books are dedicated to this support. But papyrus was also burnt in order to obtain soot used as an ingredient for a particular type of ink (midād al-qarāṭīs). In this talk I will give an overview of the recipes – in particular those by ar-Rāzī –, their context and transmission in order to evaluate this double nature of papyrus, which is considered at the same time a writing support and a material to be recycled. Moreover, I will discuss what kinds of ink are most likely to be found, according to these literary sources, on Arabic manuscripts and documents written on papyrus and compare them to the typologies mentioned for paper and parchment. These results are the premises of a research project starting at the beginning of 2019, in which a number of dated fragments from several European institutions will be analysed with non-destructive techniques in order to establish a profile of the main writing media used in the early centuries of the Islamic Era. T2 - 29th International Congress of Papyrology CY - Lecce, Italy DA - 28.07.2019 KW - Inks KW - Arabic recipes KW - Papyrus PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50158 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Colini, Claudia T1 - Fifty shades of black: Typologies and terminology of black inks in the light of new discoveries N2 - The identification of the materials constituting an artefact is the basis of any correct conservation project. For this reason (among others) in the last 50 years analytical techniques have been applied to the study of manuscripts. Unfortunately, the scientific investigation of Arabic books is still uncommon, focusing mainly on single case studies of illuminated manuscripts where the black media used to write the text is largely overlooked. This lack of knowledge prompted a recent research in which black ink recipes have been collected from written Arabic sources, their feasibility has been assessed, and some of them have been reproduced. These samples were artificially aged and analysed through an array of analytical techniques, mostly non-invasive and non-destructive, in order to build a database of Arabic inks and their ingredients and to verify the detection limits of the equipment employed. Finally, the results were compared to the data collected from historical manuscripts. In this talk I will focus on the ink typologies and the terminology (ancient and modern) used to describe them. In particular I will highlight how even the modern classification fails to capture the variety encountered in both recipes and manuscripts, particularly in the light of recent discoveries. I will address especially the terminological and conceptual issues of mixed inks – in the form of carbon inks and tannins, of carbon and iron gall inks, and of carbon and metallic salts –, iron gall inks made without vitriol and iron gall inks made with sources of tannins different from gall nuts. T2 - First International Conference Oriental Manuscripts: Codicology and Conservation issues CY - Saint Petersburg, Russia DA - 04.12.2019 KW - Ink terminology KW - Codicology KW - Non destructive analytical techniques PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50159 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Colini, Claudia T1 - Ink recipes from the islamic era: Texts, manuscripts, ink reproductions and scientific analyses N2 - Ink recipes can often be found in Arabic manuscripts. They may be included in treatises of diverse subjects – from handbooks for secretaries or calligraphers to books on arts and crafts, to alchemical and astrological essays. Recipes can also appear, with or without relation to the main text in the manuscript, in the form of lists or collections or even added in empty spaces as single entries. Why were these recipes written down? Were they used by the many professionals dealing with inks in their every-day work? Or were they part of the literary genre of adab with little or no practical application? To answer these questions a research project was set up: ink recipes have been collected from written Arabic sources, their feasibility has been assessed and some of them have been reproduced. These samples were artificially aged and analysed through an array of analytical techniques, most non-invasive and non-destructive, and the results compared to the data obtained by the application of the same analyses on concrete manuscripts. The codicological characteristics of the manuscripts have also been studied. My aim in this talk is to show how such an interdisciplinary approach could be beneficial for the study of material culture. T2 - Broadening Horizons 6 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 24.06.2019 KW - Inks KW - Arabic Recipes KW - Non destructive analytical techniques PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50160 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Colini, Claudia T1 - The Interdisciplinary Alchemist: Reproduction and Study of Black Inks from the Islamicate World N2 - The identification of the materials constituting an artefact is the basis of any correct conservation project, for this reason (among others) in the last 50 years analytical techniques have been applied to the study of manuscripts. Unfortunately, the scientific investigation of Arabic books is still uncommon, focusing mainly on single case studies, often producing unclear results, especially for black inks. This lack of knowledge prompted a recent research in which black ink recipes have been collected from written Arabic sources on bookmaking, their feasibility has been assessed, and finally some of them have been reproduced. These samples were artificially aged and analysed through an array of analytical techniques, mostly non-invasive and non-destructive, in order to build a database of Arabic inks and their ingredients and also to verify the detection limits of the portable equipment employed. In this talk I will present some instances of how this approach can help textual criticism, for example in evaluating variants and determining the competence of authors and compilers. At the same time the research highlights how much this scientific work depends on textual studies, especially concerning the identification of ingredients. Moreover, I will focus on some of the problematics I faced both during the textual interpretation and the actual reproduction of the recipes and how they influenced the results of the scientific analyses. In particular I’ll look into the role played by the degree of purity of the components and the function (real and perceived) of some of the ingredients. T2 - International Medieval Conference 2019 CY - Leeds, UK DA - 01.07.2019 KW - Black Ink KW - Arabic Recipes KW - Interdisciplinary PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50114 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Charmi, Amir A1 - Falkenberg, Rainer A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Ávila, Luis A1 - Sommer, Konstantin T1 - Virtual-lab-based determination of a macroscopic yield function for additively manufactured parts N2 - This work aims for an yield function description of additively manufactured (AM) parts of S316L steel at the continuum-mechanical macro-scale by means of so-called virtual experiments using a crystal plasticity (CP) model at meso-scale. Additively manufactured parts require the consideration of the specific process-related microstructure, which prevents this material to be macroscopically treated as isotropic, because of crystallographic as well as topological textures. EBSD/CT-Scans from in-house additively manufactured specimen extract the unique microstructural topology which is converted to a representative volume element (RVE) with grain structure and crystal orientations. Crystal plasticity model parameters on this RVE are calibrated and validated by means of mechanical testing under different texture angles. From virtual experiments on this RVE, yield loci under various loading conditions are simulated. The scale bridging from meso- to macro-scale is realised by the identification of the simulated yield loci as a modified anisotropic Barlat-type yield model representation. T2 - The First European Conference on Structural Integrity of Additively Manufactured Materials (ESIAM19) CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Virtual experiments KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Anisotropy KW - Crystal plasticity KW - Scale-bridging PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49376 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Casperson, Ralf A1 - Pohl, Rainer A1 - Lohde, Sebastian A1 - Aydoğdu, M. T1 - Non-Destructive Testing of Composite Pressure Vessels using Conventional and High-Frequency Eddy Current Technique N2 - Composite-Druckgefäße für den Gefahrguttransport sowie für Wasserstoff- und Erdgasfahrzeuge bestehen aus einem lasttragenden Composite und einer gasdichten, metallischen oder polymeren Barriereschicht (Liner). Zur Untersuchung des Alterungsverhaltens solcher Composite-Druckgefäße wurde in der BAM das interdisziplinäre Themenfeldprojekt COD-AGE durchgeführt. Ziel des Projektes war die Entwicklung von Methoden und Modellen zur Beschreibung und Bestimmung des Alterungsverhaltens von Carbonfaser-Compositen am Beispiel von Druckgefäßen, um eine bessere Vorhersage der Alterung und der sicheren Gebrauchsdauer zu ermöglichen. Ein Schwerpunkt in diesem Projekt war die Bereitstellung geeigneter ZfP-Methoden. Dabei ging es sowohl um versuchsbegleitende Prüfungen, als auch um die mögliche Entwicklung von Prüfeinrichtungen für den späteren praktischen Gebrauch. In dem Vortrag werden Prüfergebnisse der alterungsbegleitenden Wirbelstromprüfung an Composite-Druckgefäßen vorgestellt. In Alterungsversuchen wurden Druckgefäße aus einem ca. 4 mm dicken Aluminiumliner und ca. 8 mm dicker CFK-Ummantelung untersucht. Typisches Einsatzgebiet solcher Druckgefäße sind Atemschutzgeräte der Feuerwehr. Die Druckgefäße wurden sowohl mit konventioneller Wirbelstromtechnik von außen und von innen als auch mit hochfrequenter Wirbelstromtechnik von außen geprüft. Es konnten sowohl Beschädigungen des metallischen Liners, als auch Strukturen des CFK-Geflechts nachgewiesen werden. Eine besondere mechanische Herausforderung bestand in der Prüfung der Innenseite der Liner, da hier eine zylindrische Fläche mit einem Innendurchmesser von 150 mm durch einen Zugang von nur 15 mm Durchmesser geprüft werden muss. N2 - Composite pressure vessels for transporting dangerous goods and for hydrogen and natural gas vehicles consist of a load-bearing composite and a gas-tight, metallic or polymeric barrier layer (liner). To investigate the aging behavior of such composite pressure vessels, BAM carried out the interdisciplinary project COD-AGE. The aim of the project was the development of methods and models for the description and determination of the aging behavior of carbon fiber composites using the example of pressure vessels in order to better predict aging and safe working life. One focus of this project was the provision of suitable NDT methods. These included both test-related tests and the possible development of test equipment for later practical use. In the lecture, test results of the age-related eddy current test on composite pressure vessels are presented. In aging tests, pressure vessels made of an approximately 4 mm thick aluminum liner and approx. 8 mm thick CFRP layer were examined. Typical application of such pressure vessels are respiratory protective devices of the fire department. The pressure vessels were tested using conventional eddy current technology from the outer and inner side as well as with high-frequency eddy current technology. Both damage to the metallic liner and structures of the CFRP could be detected. A particular mechanical challenge was the inspection of the inside of the liners, since a cylindrical surface with an inside diameter of 150 mm has to be tested with an access of only 15 mm diameter. T2 - TAHYA-Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.11.2019 KW - NDT KW - Composite pressure vessel KW - CFRP KW - Eddy current testing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49829 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Yin, Huajie A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Characterization of high-performance membrane polymers for gas separation using broadband dielectric spectroscopy N2 - In recent years superglassy polymers exhibiting intrinsic microporosity established a new perspective for a number of applications, especially for gas separation membranes as These polymers Combine extremely high permeabilities with attractive selectivities. The essential factor governing the structure Formation in the solid film or layer is either a contorted rigid Backbone (polymers of intrinsic microporosity - PIMs) or extremely bulky side groups (polynorbornenes and polytricyclonenenes). For a deeper understanding of both types of such high-Performance polymers for gas separation membranes and their further development broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) can provide a substantial contribution. BDS addresses molecular relaxations characterizing the dynamics of the solid polymer as a major factor determining the gas transport properties but also the physical aging behavior which is an essential issue for such polymers. BDS is applied on PIMs where fluctuations of molecular dipoles connected to the backbone can be directly monitored. Furthermore, also polynorbornenes were investigated which carry no dipole moment in their repeat unit - the high resolution of modern equipment allows for the detailed analysis also for very small dielectric losses originating from partially oxidized moieties or marginal catalyst residues. Additionally, from interfacial polarization phenomena, such as Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization due to blocking of charge carriers at internal interfacial boundaries on a mesoscopic length scale, valuable information on the intrinsic microporosity and its changes induced by physical aging can be obtained. Finally, also conductivity can be characterized in detail in such polymeric systems revealing contributions of interactions of aromatic moieties (π-π-stacking) or the drift motion of charge carriers. These features also determine the structure formation in the solid state. T2 - 257th ACS National Meeting - Symposium "Transport in Polymer Membranes" CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 31.03.2019 KW - polymers KW - gas separation membranes KW - polynorbornenes KW - polymers of intrinsic microporosity KW - dielectric spectroscopy KW - molecular mobility PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48142 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Yin, Huajie A1 - Chua, Yeong Zen A1 - Yang, Bin A1 - Schick, Christoph A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - The glass transition temperature of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) as determined by fast scanning calorimetry N2 - Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) have recently emerged as novel materials for a broad range of high-performance applications from gas separation to electronic devices. The very rigid, contorted polymer chains show only limited molecular mobility and therefore pack inefficiently giving rise to intrinsic microporosity with pore sizes generally smaller than 1 nm resulting in BET surface areas larger than 700 m2/g. Using conventional thermal analysis techniques, no glass transition temperature (Tg) of PIMs could be unambiguously detected up to now. Employing fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) based on a one chip sensor, decoupling the time scales responsible for the glass transition and the thermal decomposition is a reliable strategy to overcome this limitation. The FSC device is capable to heat and cool a small sample (ng-range) with ultrafast rates of several ten thousand K/s. Evidence of a glass transition is obtained for a series of PIMs with different chain rigidities. Local small-scale fluctuations are held responsible for the glass transition of highly rigid PIMs rather than segmental motions as in conventional polymers. T2 - International Polymer Processing Society (PPS) - Europe-Africa 2019 Regional Conference (PPS2019) CY - Pretoria, South Africa DA - 18.11.2019 KW - Polymers KW - Polymers of intrinsic microporosity KW - Glass transition KW - Fast scanning calorimetry PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49957 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Stoljarova, A. A1 - Regenspurg, S. T1 - Material qualification in saline, copper containing geothermal water N2 - By exposure and electrochemical tests in the laboratory the Cu-effect on corrosion behavior of carbon steel, high-alloyed steels and Ti-alloy can be assessed. Critical materials specific properties were determined by static exposure and electrochemical tests in an artificial geothermal water with high salinity and low pH, containing Cu. Conclusions were drawn using characteristic potential values. It could be shown that significant Cu-deposition and -precipitation only occurred in combination with carbon steel. High-alloyed materials (S31603, S31653, S31700, S31703, S31803 and N08904) prevent the disturbing Cu-agglomeration. Therefore, they are suitable to be chosen for future design of the piping system, either in massive or in cladded form, if formation of crevices with non-metallic materials can be excluded. From the interactions and pitting corrosion point of view, R50400 seems to be most favorable. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2019 CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 24.03.2019 KW - copper KW - corrosion KW - geothermal energy KW - steel PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47912 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Kratzig, Andreas A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Knauer, S. T1 - Factors Influencing Droplet Corrosion in Dense Phase CO2 N2 - This work examined the factors that influence the droplet corrosion of CO2 pipeline steels caused by oxyfuel flue gases in dense phase CO2 at 278 K, simulating the underground transport conditions. The wetting properties were studied by contact angle measurement, revealing pH and time dependency on the reactive wetting behaviors of carbon steel X70. Exposure tests with CO2 saturated water droplet on steel surface showed that the impurities (220 ppmv SO2 and 6700 ppmv O2) diffused into the droplet and then reacted with metal surfaces in dense phase condition, forming the corrosion products. The corrosion rate was confirmed strongly depending on the droplet volume as well as the SO2 concentration. Condensation experiments carried out on freshly polished coupons in CO2 with 200 ppmv H2O, 220 ppmv SO2 and 6700 ppmv O2, showed that the formation and aggregation of droplets is time and temperature dependent. At 278 K, condensation happened stronger and the corrosion products, mainly consisted of dense hydrated FeSO3/FeSO4. While at 288 K, more fluffy corrosion products consisting of iron oxide/hydroxide and hydrated FeSO3/FeSO4 were found. Further exposure tests on carbon steel coupons with different surface roughness did not reveal the difference in weight loss/gain and therefore the corrosion rate. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2019 CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 24.03.2019 KW - Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) KW - Supercritical/dense phase CO2 KW - Carbon steel KW - Droplet corrosion KW - Condensation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - Corrosion Aspects for Materials to be Used in CC(U)S Applications N2 - This contribution provides current findings regarding materials susceptibility for carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) applications. Basing on results gathered in 2 German long-term projects (COORAL and CLUSTER) suitable materials are introduced as well as dominating impurities of the CO2-stream and corrosion mechanisms. Investigations cover the whole CCUS process chain and provide material recommendations for certain parts. T2 - 1st International Conference on Corrosion Protection and Application CY - Chongqing, China DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Carbon KW - Capture KW - Storage KW - Utilization KW - CCS KW - CCU KW - CO2 KW - Corrosion PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49302 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Buljak, V. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Modeling of elastic modulus evolution in porous ceramics due to thermally induced cracking N2 - Within polycrystalline porous ceramics used in automotive applications as diesel particulate filters, it is evidenced that during cooling from firing temperature micro cracks are gradually formed. The cracks are formed as a consequence of strong thermal anisotropy of grains. Typically these micro cracks are granting better thermal shock resistance, with respect to dense materials, but reduce stiffness. The reduction can be quantified by measuring the drop in elastic properties of bulk material which, depending on the level of porosity, can decrease even by 50% with respect to its value at high temperature. It is further observed that upon subsequent heating these cracks are closing and partially or totally healing at very high temperatures. Such peculiar behavior results in partial or complete recovery of the elastic properties of bulk material upon completing one thermal cycle. Despite its evident practical application, still there is no constitutive description of this phenomenon, capable of predicting the evolution of Young's modulus as a function of temperature history. For reliable numerical simulation of this phenomenon, it is required to model fracture. To model inter-crystalline fracture, an effective strategy is to use cohesive elements, since crack patterns are a priori known. Major limitation of this approach is that the cohesive elements already implemented within commercial codes cannot take into account crack healing upon subsequent heating. In this study new cohesive element is developed and numerically implemented within ABAQUS commercial finite element code, capable to model crack opening, closing and healing. Further on, a computer code is generated to build numerical model of porous ceramic specimens that takes into account experimentally measured crystallographic orientation and porosity, and models the microstructure by using Voronoi polygons. The developed numerical tools serve as a framework for more realistic simulations, required to study the hysteresis in elastic properties within porous ceramics provoked by thermal cyclic. In a subsequent phase, an inverse analysis procedure is developed, in which macroscopic properties are used to calibrate parameters entering into micro crack model. The approach is centered on a minimization of a discrepancy function designed to quantify the difference between experimentally measured quantities and their computed counterpart. The model is calibrated on the basis of experimental data regarding the drop of bulk Young's modulus with decrease of temperature. Developed procedure is tested with porous cordierite sample, and obtained results are quit promising despite the current limitation of using only two-dimensional model. T2 - European Ceramic Society Conference 2019 CY - Turin, Italy DA - 16.06.2019 KW - Microcracking KW - Cordierite KW - Inverse Problems KW - Finite elements KW - Cohesive Elements KW - Young's modulus PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48926 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Thiede, Tobias A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Serrano Munoz, Itziar A1 - Evans, Alexander T1 - Diffraction-based experimental determination of Residual Stress in AM parts: A critical discussion N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have experienced an exceedingly rapid growth, not always paralleled by the knowledge about the materials properties and performance. In particular, residual stress (RS) has been soon recognized as an issue in AM parts, so that parts are always post-heat-treated. Moreover, much effort has been spent on simulating RS, especially using finite element methods. The experimental determination of RS has thereby become increasingly important, and even simple data constitute (to date) a piece of knowledge to fill the above-mentioned gap. In particular, diffraction methods, which are basically non-destructive, offer enormous possibilities to gain knowledge on real components, since neutrons and synchrotron radiation can penetrate even heavy metals up to several millimeters (or even centimeters). Indeed, some success has been obtained, and the knowledge about the origins of the RS fields, as well as their variation as a consequence of heat or mechanical treatments, has been greatly expanded. In this talk, a few success stories will be outlined. It will be shown how the determination of RS in metallic parts (with focus on those produced by laser powder bed fusion) has even allowed showing that process parameters that were considered unimportant play a major role in the onset of stress. However, while RS is starting to be considered in the part design, deposition strategy (e.g. build plate temperature), and even in the definition of the relevant metric to assess the quality of a part, much is still to be investigated about the hypotheses underlying its experimental determination. Therefore, some aspects to be aware of, or even to date unclear will also be discussed, such as the determination of the reference unstrained samples and of the principal axes of stress. All these aspects will draw the path towards a comprehensive understanding of the process-structure-performance relationships in AM materials and parts. T2 - MSTAM 2019 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 10.12.2019 KW - Elastic Constants KW - Residual Stress KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Neutron Diffraction PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50020 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Engineering applications of neutrons at the ILL: retrospective, present, and future N2 - In this talk, the evolution of the demand for engineering applications of neutrons at the ILL in the last 10 years is presented. It is shown that small angle neutron scattering and diffraction are highly demanded by the materials science community. Further development in the field is foreseen, with the use of in-situ (furnace, tension/compression rig, humidity cells, etc.) techniques to associate to the neutron techniques. T2 - ILL 100th Scientific Council CY - Grenoble, France DA - 09.04.2019 KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - Residual Stress KW - Small Angle Neutron Scattering KW - Engineering applications KW - Institut Laue Langevin PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48396 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - X-ray Absorption and Refraction techniques for characterization and non-destructive-testing of materials N2 - The combination of tomographic, microstructural data with other experimental techniques and with modeling is paramount, if we want to extract the maximum amount of information on material and component properties. In particular, quantitative image analysis, statistical approaches, direct discretization of tomographic reconstructions represent concrete possibilities to extend the power of the tomographic 3D representation to insights into the material and component performance. This logic thread equally holds for industrial and academic research and valorizes expensive experiments such as those carried out at synchrotron sources, which cannot be daily repeated. I will show a few examples of possible use of X-ray tomographic data for quantitative assessment of damage evolution and microstructural properties, as well as for non-destructive testing. Examples of micro-structured inhomogeneous materials will be given, such as Composites, Ceramics, Concrete, and Additively manufactured parts. I will also show how X-ray refraction computed tomography (CT) can be highly complementary to classic absorption CT, being sensitive to internal interfaces. Additionally, I will show how Neutron Diffraction, which is extremely well suited to the study of internal stresses, both residual and under external load, can well be coupled to the microstructural framework gained by CT, allowing understanding the microstructure-property relationships in materials. T2 - ENSAM CY - Paris, France DA - 28.11.2019 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Computed Tomography KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - X-ray refraction techniques KW - Composites PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49927 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Characterization of Additive Manufacturing Materials at BAM N2 - The combination of tomographic, microstructural data with other experimental techniques and with modeling is paramount, if we want to extract the maximum amount of information on material and component properties. In particular, quantitative image analysis, statistical approaches, direct discretization of tomographic reconstructions represent concrete possibilities to extend the power of the tomographic 3D representation to insights into the material and component performance. This logic thread equally holds for industrial and academic research and valorizes expensive experiments such as those carried out at synchrotron sources, which cannot be daily repeated. I will show a few examples of possible use of X-ray tomographic data for quantitative assessment of damage evolution and microstructural properties, as well as for non-destructive testing. Examples of micro-structured inhomogeneous materials will be given, such as Composites, Ceramics, Concrete, and Additively manufactured parts. I will also show how X-ray refraction computed tomography (CT) can be highly complementary to classic absorption CT, being sensitive to internal interfaces. Additionally, I will show how Neutron Diffraction, which is extremely well suited to the study of internal stresses, both residual and under external load, can well be coupled to the microstructural framework gained by CT, allowing understanding the microstructure-property relationships in materials. Finally, I will show that BAM is very active in standardization and certification, including production of Reference Materials and Methods. T2 - Skoltech Determination of the microscopic residual stress CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 20.11.2019 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Computed Tomography KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - X-ray refraction techniques KW - Composites PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49929 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Evans, Alexander T1 - Avoid living dangerously: non-destructive characterization of AM parts from powder to end-of-life N2 - The freeform and the revolutionary design possibilities offered by additive manufacturing have skyrocketed the amount of optimization studies in the realm of engineering, and metallic additive manufactured parts are becoming a reality in industry. Not surprisingly, this has not been paralleled by a similar enthusiastic wave in the realm of materials science, and still very little is known about AM materials properties. This has the consequence that, typically, conventional materials properties are still used in design and even in simulations. lt is necessary to dig a lot deeper than at present, in order to understand these new materials classes, and in particular their microstructure and their intemal stresses, largely different from their cast or wrought companions. T2 - ISAM Konferenz 2019 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 29.01.2019 KW - Computed Tomography KW - Microstructure KW - Metals KW - Additive Manufacturing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47331 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brunner-Schwer, C. A1 - Graf, B. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Laser-Plasma-Hybrid-Cladding: Possibilities in the combination of arc and laser for deposition welding N2 - Plasma-Transferred-Arc (PTA) welding is a process that enables high deposition rates, but also causes increased thermal 9 load on the component. Laser based Direct Energy Deposition (DED) welding, on the other hand, achieves a high level of 10 precision and thus comparatively low deposition rates, which can lead to high processing costs. Combining laser and arc 11 energy aims to exploit the respective advantages of both technologies. 12 In this study, different possibilities of this process combination are presented using a PTA system and a 2 kW disk laser. 13 This includes the combination in a common process zone as a highspeed plasma laser cladding technology (HPLC), which 14 achieves process speeds of 10 m/min. Besides that it is being examined whether a pre-running plasma arc can be used to 15 coat difficult-to-weld rail steel with a carbon content of 0.8 % due to a preheating effect. Furthermore, a smoothing of the 16 coating by a plasma arc following the laser is investigated. T2 - LiM 2019 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 25.06.2019 KW - Plasma-Transferred-Arc KW - Direct Energy Deposition KW - Highspeed plasma KW - Laser cladding KW - Deposition welding PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49247 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Analytical opportunities & Challenges in (ocean) microplastics N2 - An overview about the analytical opportunities and challenges in microplastic detection is given. T2 - ISO TC61/ Annual bioplastics & ocean microplastics symposium CY - Chengdu, People's Republic of China DA - 29.09.2019 KW - Harmonisation KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC-MS PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50000 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Analytic of microplastics in environmental samples N2 - An overview about the existing possibilities for mircoplastic analysis is given. T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Microplastics CY - Seoul, Korea DA - 02.12.2019 KW - Harmonisation KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC-MS PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50003 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brandt, Guido T1 - Wear behaviour of zirconia in hot steam N2 - Self-mated magnesia stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) ceramic sliding couples have been investigated at 100 N load (P0max= 1324 MPa) in oscillating sliding conditions in different humidity conditions in air and in hot steam. Temperatures have been varied up to 400 °C and pressures up to 6 bars. The results show that the wear behavior of MgO-ZrO2 under high Hertzian contact pressures is strongly dependent on temperature and is similar for both dry oscillating and oscillating in hot steam. However, although the evolution in wear rates on temperature is similar and the wear rates of MgO-ZrO2 plunged above 300 °C in hot steam and air by nearly three orders of magnitude, SEM micrographs revealed in hot steam at 400 °C smooth wear tracks. In contrast, hot steam enhanced the tribochemistry of self-mated alumina couples and reduced wear rates. Hot steam decreased the coefficients of friction of MgO-ZrO2 with increasing temperature, but not the wear rates. T2 - 22nd International Conference on Wear of Materials CY - Miami, Florida, USA DA - 14.04.2019 KW - Hot steam KW - Zirconia KW - Friction KW - Wear KW - Tribofilm KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47872 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. A1 - Höhm, S. A1 - Derrien, Thibault J.-Y. A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Laser-induced periodic surface nanostructures N2 - This presentation reviews the current state in the field of Laser-induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS). These surface nanostructures are a universal phenomenon and can be generated on almost any material by irradiation with intense linearly polarized radiation. LIPSS are formed in a “self-ordered” way and are often accompanying material processing applications. They can be produced in a single-step process and enable surface functionalization through the adaption of optical, mechanical and chemical surface properties. Their structural sizes typically range from several micrometers down to less than 100 nanometers and show a clear correlation with the polarization direction of the laser radiation. Various types of surface structures are classified, relevant control parameters are identified, and their material specific formation mechanisms are analyzed for different types of inorganic solids, i.e., metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics, through time-resolved optical experiments and theoretical simulations. Finally, technological applications featuring surface functionalization in the fields of optics, fluidics, medicine, and tribology are discussed. T2 - International Symposium “Fundamentals of Laser Assisted Micro- and Nanotechnologies” (FLAMN-19) CY - St. Petersburg, Russia DA - 30.06.2019 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS KW - Femtosecond laser KW - Surface functionalization KW - Ultrafast scattering PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48420 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Florian, Camilo A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures: from light localization to applications N2 - This presentation reviews the current state in the field of Laser-induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS). These surface nanostructures are a universal phenomenon and can be generated on almost any material by irradiation with intense linearly polarized laser radiation. LIPSS are formed in a “self-ordered” way and are often accompanying material processing applications. They can be produced following a single-step process and enable surface functionalization through the adaption of optical, mechanical and chemical surface properties. Their structural sizes typically range from several micrometers down to less than 100 nanometers exhibiting a clear correlation with the polarization direction of the laser radiation. Various types of surface structures are classified, relevant control parameters are identified, and their material specific formation mechanisms are analyzed for different types of inorganic solids, i.e., metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics, through time-resolved optical experiments and theoretical simulations. Finally, technological applications featuring surface functionalization in the fields of optics, fluidics, medicine, and tribology are discussed. T2 - International Conference on Advanced Laser Technologies (ALT'19) CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 15.09.2019 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS KW - Femtosecond laser KW - Surface functionalization KW - Electromagnetic scattering PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49098 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures: from nanoscaled light localization to applications N2 - In this contribution the current state in the field of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) is reviewed. This includes the mechanisms of formation and current applications, particularly the colorization of technical surfaces, the control of surface wetting properties, the tailoring of surface colonization by bacterial biofilms, and the improvement of the tribological performance of nanostructured metal surfaces. T2 - PHOTONICA 2019 - The Seventh International School and Conference on Photonics CY - Belgrade, Serbia DA - 26.08.2019 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Femtosecond laser KW - Surface functionalization PY - 2019 UR - http://www.photonica.ac.rs/docs/PHOTONICA2019-Book_of_abstracts.pdf AN - OPUS4-48836 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Florian, Camilo A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Quo vadis LIPSS? – Recent developments in theoretical modelling and technical applications N2 - This presentation reviews current and expected developments in the field of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples). These surface nanostructures are a universal phenomenon and can be generated on almost any material by irradiation with intense linearly polarized radiation. LIPSS are formed in a “self-ordered” way and are often accompanying laser material processing applications. The structures can be produced in a single-step process and enable surface functionalization through the adaption of optical, mechanical and chemical surface properties. Their spatial periods typically range from several micrometers down to less than 100 nanometers, exhibiting a clear correlation with the polarization direction of the laser radiation used. Various types of LIPSS have been classified, relevant control parameters were identified, and material specific formation mechanisms are analyzed for different types of inorganic solids, i.e., metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics, through time-resolved optical experiments and theoretical simulations. Special attention will be paid to a comparison of the currently available formation theories for LIPSS with a discussion of their respective strengths and weaknesses. Currrently explored applications featuring surface functionalization in the fields of optics, surface wetting, medicine, and tribology will be discussed. T2 - 9th International LIPSS Workshop CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 26.09.2019 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Surface functionalization KW - Femtosecond laser ablation KW - Modelling KW - Applications PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49708 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Legall, Herbert A1 - Schwanke, Christoph A1 - Pentzien, Simone A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - X-Ray Emission during Laser Processing with Ultrashort Laser Pulses N2 - Ultrashort laser pulse micromachining features a high precision. By increasing the repetition rate of the applied laser to several 100 kHz, laser processing becomes quick and cost-effective and make this method attractive for industrial applications. Upon exceeding a critical laser intensity, hard X-ray radiation is generated as a side effect. Even if the emitted X-ray dose per pulse is low, the accumulated X-ray dose becomes significant for high-repetition-rate laser systems so that radiation safety must be considered. T2 - 5th UKP-Workshop: Ultrafast Laser Technology CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 10.04.2019 KW - Laser-induced X-ray emission KW - Radiation protection KW - Ultrashort laser material interaction PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47788 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Florian, Camilo A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Quo vadis LIPSS? – Applications of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) are a universal phenomenon that can be observed on almost any material after the irradiation by linearly polarized laser beams, particularly when using ultrashort laser pulses with durations in the femtosecond to picosecond range. During the past years significantly increasing industrial and research activities have been reported in the field of LIPSS, since their generation in a single-step process provides a simple way of nanostructuring and surface functionalization towards the control of optical, mechanical, biological, or chemical surface properties. In this contribution the mechanisms of formation and current trends and applications of LIPSS are reviewed, including the colorization of technical surfaces, the control of surface wetting properties, the mimicry of the natural texture of animals, the tailoring of surface colonization by bacterial biofilms, the advancement of leadless medical pacemakers, and the improvement of the tribological performance of nanostructured metal surfaces. T2 - 11. Mittweidaer Lasertagung CY - Mittweida, Germany DA - 13.11.2019 KW - Femtosecond laser ablation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Surface functionalization KW - Applications PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49655 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - A survey of surface functionalization through laser-induced periodic surface structures N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) are a universal phenomenon that can be observed on almost any material after the irradiation by linearly polarized laser beams, particularly when using ultrashort laser pulses with durations in the femtosecond to picosecond range. During the past few years significantly increasing research activities have been reported in the field of LIPSS, since their generation in a single-step process provides a simple way of nanostructuring and surface functionalization towards the control of optical, mechanical, biological, or chemical surface properties. In this contribution the mechanisms of formation and current applications of LIPSS are reviewed, including the colorization of technical surfaces, the control of surface wetting properties, the mimicry of the natural texture of animal integuments, the tailoring of surface colonization by bacterial biofilms, the advancement of medical pacemakers, and the improvement of the tribological performance of nanostructured metal surfaces. T2 - Seminar, ALPhANOV - Centre Technologique Optique et Lasers CY - Talence, France DA - 07.06.2019 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS KW - Surface functionalization KW - Applications KW - Femtosecond laser PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48199 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures N2 - This presentation reviews the current state in the field of Laser-induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS). These surface nanostructures are a universal phenomenon and can be generated on almost any material by irradiation with intense linearly polarized laser radiation. LIPSS are formed in a “self-ordered” way and are often accompanying material processing applications. They can be produced following a single-step process and enable surface functionalization through the adaption of optical, mechanical and chemical surface properties. Their structural sizes typically range from several micrometers down to less than 100 nanometers exhibiting a clear correlation with the polarization direction of the laser radiation. Various types of surface structures are classified, relevant control parameters are identified, and their material specific formation mechanisms are analyzed for different types of inorganic solids, i.e., metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics, through time-resolved optical experiments and theoretical simulations. Finally, technological applications featuring surface functionalization in the fields of optics, fluidics, medicine, and tribology are discussed. T2 - Seminar CY - Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Germany DA - 18.11.2019 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Surface functionalization KW - Electromagnetic radiation KW - Applications KW - Femtosecond laser ablation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49689 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Florian, Camilo A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Chemical effects during the formation of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures N2 - The processing of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) on metals and semiconductors in ambient air is usually accompanied by superficial oxidation effects – a fact that is widely neglected in the current literature. In this contribution, chemical, structural, and mechanical alterations in the formation of femtosecond LIPSS are characterized by a variety of surface analytical techniques, including energy dispersive X-ray analyses (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro Raman spectroscopy (µ-RS), and depth-profiling Auger electron microscopy (AEM). Alternative routes of electrochemical and thermal oxidation allow to qualify the relevance of superficial oxidation effects on the tribological performance in oil lubricated reciprocating sliding tribological tests (RSTT). It is revealed that the fs-laser processing of near-wavelength sized LIPSS on metals leads to the formation of a few hundreds of nanometers thick graded oxide layers, consisting mainly of amorphous oxides. Regardless of reduced hardness and limited thickness, this nanostructured surface layer efficiently prevents a direct metal-to-metal contact in the RSTT and may also act as an anchor layer for specific wear-reducing additives contained in the used engine oil. T2 - EMRS Spring Meeting 2019, Symposium V “Laser interactions with materials: from fundamentals to applications" CY - Nice, France DA - 27.05.2019 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Femtosecond laser KW - Oxidation KW - Tribology PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48127 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -