TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda A1 - Bühlmeyer, A. A1 - Hayashi, S. A1 - Haenle, J. C. A1 - Sentker, K. A1 - Huber, P. A1 - Laschat, S. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Molecular Dynamics of Dipole Functionalized Triphenylene-based Discotics N2 - In this study, the molecular dynamics of a series of dipole functionalized triphenylene-based discotics, forming a columnar mesophase, were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). In addition to conductivity and localized dynamics, glassy dynamics were also observed. At higher temperatures an α1-processes and at low temperatures an α2 processes were detected having a completely different temperature dependence of its relaxation times. Different molecular assignments of α1- and α2-processes are suggested. The phase behavior of the material was explored under helium purge down to 100 K by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Besides the phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, one or two thermal glass transitions were found for all the materials. Moreover, the glassy dynamics were further investigated by Flash DSC, which is a chip-based calorimetry technique allowing for fast heating and cooling rates as high as 10000K/s. T2 - Spring Meeting of German Physical Society CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 01.04.2019 KW - Liquid Crystals PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitzkus, Anja A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Hofman, Detlef A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Fiber Bragg Gratings for In-Situ Stress Monitoring of Electrochemical Deposition N2 - The in-situ monitoring of electrochemical deposition (ECD) processes is still a challenge regarding the measurement of the effective temperature of the substrate and the formation of mechanical stress in the layer under given plating conditions. Monitoring problems can be solved by applying a pre-coated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to the electrolytic process as the shift of the Bragg wavelength is affected by both the temperature of the electrolyte near the substrate and the stress formation in the growing layer. The experimental FBG set-up and the quantitative determination of temperature- and stress-related strain is described for a nickel-iron electrolyte. KW - Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) KW - Electrochemical deposition (ECD) KW - Optical fibers PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0111906jes SN - 0013-4651 VL - 166 IS - 6 SP - B312 EP - B315 PB - Electrochemical Society CY - Pennington, NJ AN - OPUS4-47738 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Legall, Herbert A1 - Schwanke, Christoph A1 - Pentzien, Simone A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - X-Ray Emission during Laser Processing with Ultrashort Laser Pulses N2 - Ultrashort laser pulse micromachining features a high precision. By increasing the repetition rate of the applied laser to several 100 kHz, laser processing becomes quick and cost-effective and make this method attractive for industrial applications. Upon exceeding a critical laser intensity, hard X-ray radiation is generated as a side effect. Even if the emitted X-ray dose per pulse is low, the accumulated X-ray dose becomes significant for high-repetition-rate laser systems so that radiation safety must be considered. T2 - 5th UKP-Workshop: Ultrafast Laser Technology CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 10.04.2019 KW - Laser-induced X-ray emission KW - Radiation protection KW - Ultrashort laser material interaction PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47788 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Acosta-Zepeda, C. A1 - Saavedra, P. A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Haro-Poniatowski, E. T1 - Modeling of silicon surface topographies induced by single nanosecond laser pulse induced melt-flows N2 - Irradiation with a single nanosecond laser pulse in the melting regime can result in a characteristic change in the surface morphology of crystalline silicon. This has been verified experimentally in a variety of situations, where dimple-shaped surface topographies are produced. In this work, the dimple height, depth, and width are modeled following and extending in a more rigorous manner the approach of Wood and Giles [Phys. Rev. B 23, 2923–2942 (1981)] and that of Schwarz-Selinger and coworkers [Phys. Rev. B 64, 155323 (2001)], upon varying the laser irradiation parameters such as peak energy density, pulse duration, and wavelength. This is achieved with numerical simulations of one-dimensional heat flow as input to the analytical fluid-flow equations. KW - Nanosecond laser KW - Melting KW - Silicon KW - Fluid-flow PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5053918 SN - 0021-8979 SN - 1089-7550 VL - 125 IS - 17 SP - 175101-1 EP - 175101-9 PB - AIP Publishing CY - Melville, USA AN - OPUS4-47927 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steinhoff, U. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - EMPIR Erläuterung der Fördermaßnahme und Beispiele aus der Nanotechnologie N2 - Das EMPIR-Förderprogramm wird kurz erläutert und laufende Projekte aus der Nanotechnologie werden vorgestellt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Standardisierungsprojekten, die gemeinsam mit ISO/TC 229 'Nanotechnologies' und CEN/TC 352 'Nanotechnologies' zu neuen Normen führen sollten. Als Beispiel für laufende Nanotechnologie-Projekte mit Koordination aus Deutschland werden MagNaStand (PTB) und nPSize (BAM) gegeben. T2 - Treffen des Normungsausschusses NA 062-08-17 AA Nanotechnologien CY - KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 07.03.2019 KW - EMPIR KW - Nanoparticles KW - Reference materials KW - Particle size distribution KW - Traceability KW - Standardisation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47859 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Surface and Microbeam Analytical Methods @BAM N2 - An overview of the activities in the field of surface and microbeam analysis at BAM-6.1 is given with focus on physico-chemical characterization at the nanoscale. Ideas of potential joint activities are presented: structural and chemical analysis of graphene, deposition techniques for nanoparticles, EBSD on steel for a broader range of methods, instruments and types of steel, soft X-ray Analysis of low-Z materials, analysis of mesoporous thin films, etc. T2 - BAM-IFW Workshop CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 28.03.2019 KW - PC characterisation KW - Nanoscale KW - Nanoparticles PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47860 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN ED - Bosse, H. ED - Buhr, E. ED - Dziomba, T. ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan ED - Klein, T. ED - Krumrey, M. T1 - NanoWorkshop 2018: Workshop on Reference Nanomaterials N2 - The Scope of the Workshop was to provide a forum for discussion on progress in development, characterisation and application of reference nanomaterials. Results of recently finsihed national and international research projects have been presented. Moreover, the need for future developments have been addressed. Attendees of teh Workshop were expected to be experts from academia, research institutes, regulatory bodies and industry working or interested in the area of reference nanomaterials. The following structure of Workshop was planned: the main focus of the first day was on reference material needs and development, while teh second day was focussed on reference materials characterisation and standardisation. Over 111 participants frm 13 countries and teh European Joint Research Centre have regsitered for the Workshop with 16 platform presentations and 42 poster contributions grouped in 2 sessions and 10 topical areas. A summary of the observations, analysis and conclusions of the Workshop is made including an overview table of links to information on existing reference nanomaterials. KW - Reference Nanomaterials KW - Nanometrology KW - Standardization KW - Nanoparticle Characterization KW - Comparability of Measurement Results KW - Nanomaterial Properties PY - 2019 SN - 78-3-95606-440-1 DO - https://doi.org/10.7795/110.20190412 SN - 0179-0609 VL - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 315 PB - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt CY - Braunschweig AN - OPUS4-47861 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hampel, Marco A1 - Schenderlein, Matthias A1 - Schary, Christian A1 - Dimper, Matthias A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Efficient detection of localized corrosion processes on stainless steel by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using a multi-electrode approach N2 - High resolution analysis of corrosion processes on stainless steels is a challenging task. The application of local electrochemical techniques such as scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has opened new possibilities for the detection of corrosion products and activity on metallic surfaces. However, due to its stochastic nature, the analysis of pitting corrosion requires being at the right place at the right time. Scanning over large areas at a high resolution not only leads to long scan durations but also leaves many short-lived processes undetected. In this paper we present the combined automated operation of SECM and wire multi-electrodes connected to a multi-electrode analyzer (MMA). The inter-electrode currents between 25 wire electrodes connected via zero resistance ammeters (ZRA) are measured by the MMA at open circuit potential (OCP) and the electrodes reporting anodic currents are detected automatically to be analyzed by means of SECM. The results demonstrate the successful application of this methodology for the detection of unstable and stable pitting processes on 304 stainless steel in a corrosive aqueous environment. KW - Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) KW - Localised corrosion KW - Corrosion monitoring PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-478646 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2019.02.019 VL - 101 SP - 52 EP - 55 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-47864 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Epping, Ruben T1 - View into the depths of copolymer microstructure by a special approach of LC-MS data evaluation N2 - It is a well-known story that copolymers beside their molar mass distribution (MMD) can exhibit a functionality type distribution (FTD), a copolymer composition distribution (CCD), a monomer sequence distribution (MSD) and additionally different topologies within one sample. This is and will remain a challenge for analysts. First a very short overview will be given concerning the common liquid separation techniques for polymers (SEC, LAC, LCCC, GELC) coupled to soft ionization mass spectrometric methods like MALDI and ESI-MS with focus on their limitations. For very broadly distributed samples or chemical very similar species the superposition of different separation mechanisms in chromatography is unavoidable or the separation efficiency cannot be optimized. Different ionization probabilities and species of the same nominal mass with completely different structures are just two problems of mass spec of complex polymer mixtures. Subsequently, different examples will be shown how these limitations in some cases could be outsmarted. First example will be the separation of statistical EO-PO copolymers of different chemical compositions by end group functionality and the quantification of end group fractions over the whole CCD. Here an UP-LCCC / ESI-TOF-MS coupling is applied. Further for different kinds of polymers it will be shown how it could be realized to obtain information on small isobaric/isomeric topological heterogeneities by coupling UP-SEC / ESI-TOF-MS. All results are based on the data processing of reconstructed ion chromatograms of single mass traces of complex ESI-MS spectra. T2 - SCM-9 CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 29.01.2019 KW - Reconstructed ion chromatograms KW - Copolymer KW - Microstructure KW - LC x ESI-TOF-MS PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47836 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Considerations for nanomaterial identification of powders using volume-specific surface area method N2 - The EC’s recommendation for a definition of nanomaterial (2011/696/EU) should allow the identification of a particulate nanomaterial based on the number-based metric criterion according to which at least 50% of the constituent particles have the smallest dimension between 1 and 100 nm. However, it has been recently demonstrated that the implementation of this definition for regulatory purposes is conditioned by the large deviations between the results obtained by different sizing methods or due to practical reasons such as high costs and time-consuming. For most measurement methods for particle size determination it is necessary to initially disperse the particles in a suitable liquid. However, as the particle size decreases, the adhesion forces increase strongly, making it more difficult to deagglomerate the particles and to assess accurately the result of this process. Therefore, the success of the deagglomeration process substantially determines the measurement uncertainty and hence, the comparability between different methods. Many common methods such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS) or ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy (US) can give good comparable results for the size of nanoparticles, if they are properly separated and stabilized (e.g. in reference suspensions). In order to avoid the use of hardly available and expensive methods such as SEM / TEM for all powders, an agglomeration-tolerant screening method is useful. One of the measurement methods well suited to probe the size of particulate powder is the determination of the volume-specific surface area (VSSA) by means of gas adsorption as well as skeletal density. The value of 60 m2/cm3 corresponding to spherical, monodisperse particles with a diameter of 100 nm constitutes the threshold for decisioning if the material is a nano- or non-nanomaterial. The identification of a nanomaterial by VSSA method is accepted by the EU recommendation. However, the application of the VSSA method was associated also with some limitations. The threshold of 60 m2/cm3 is dependent on the particle shape, so that it changes considerably with the number of nano-dimensions, but also with the degree of sphericity of the particles. For particles containing micro-pores or having a microporous coating, false positive results are induced. Furthermore, broad particle size distributions made necessary to additionally correct the threshold. Based on examples of commercially available ceramic powders, the applicability of the VSSA approach was tested in relation with SEM and TEM measurements. The introduction of a correction term for deviations from sphericity and further additions improved the applicability of VSSA as a screening method. T2 - Partec CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 09.04.2019 KW - VSSA KW - Nanoparticles PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tumanov, I. A1 - Tumanov, E. A1 - Michalchuk, Adam T1 - Ball size or ball mass – what matters in organic mechanochemical synthesis? N2 - Ball mass is an important parameter that is known to have an influence on the outcome of a mechanochemical reaction induced by ball-milling. A standard way of modifying the ball mass is to change the size of the ball made of the same material. In this case, however, a change in mass is accompanied by a simulatneous change in the ball size. It is therefore not possible to disentangle the effects of mass and Surface area in these cases. In the present work we report the results of experiments with specially designed and manufactured balls in which (1) milling ball mass is held constant, but their size differs, and (2) the ball mass is altered, with the diameter of the milling ball being held constant. Using the cocrystallisation of theophylline + nicotinamide as a case study it was found that both diameter and ball mass play crucial roles in determining the rate of a mechanochemical reaction. For comparison, we have also used milling balls with the same size (different mass), and others with the same mass (different size) made of different materials, as would be “traditional”. It was found that, despite having the same size, the lightest milling ball (nylon) was the most efficient in initiating the co-crystallisation, presumably due to the sorption of EtOH. Hence, the results of this manuscript also demonstrate how milling ball material can in fact be the most influential parameter, and potentially counterintuitive to classical mechanics. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - XRD PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/0.1039/c8ce02109k VL - 21 SP - 2174 EP - 2179 PB - RSC Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-47851 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gawek, Marcel A1 - Madkour, Sherif A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Growth Kinetics and Molecular Mobility of Irreversibly Adsorbed Layers in Thin Films of P2VP and PVME N2 - In well-annealed thin polymer films, with non-repulsive polymer/substrate interactions, an irreversibly adsorbed layer is formed. These adsorbed layers have shown enormous potential for technological applications. Due to the hard accessibility of these layers, their growth kinetics and molecular dynamics are still not fully understood. Here, the irreversibly adsorbed layers of Poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) and Poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) thin films are revealed by solvent-leaching experiments. The growth kinetics of these layers is investigated as a function of original film thickness and annealing times. The thickness, topography and quality of the adsorbed layer is determined with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Additionally, the molecular mobility of the adsorbed layer is investigated with Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). A recently developed nanostructured capacitor (NSC) is employed to measure the adsorbed layers with a free surface layer depending on annealing and solvent-leaching time. The results are quantitatively compared and discussed with respect to recently published work. T2 - Spring Meeting of German Physical Society CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 31.03.2019 KW - Adsorbed layer KW - Thin polymeric films PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47766 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gawek, Marcel A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Growth Kinetics and Molecular Mobility of Irreversibly Adsorbed Layers in Thin Polymer Films N2 - In well-annealed thin polymer films, with non-repulsive polymer/substrate interactions, an irreversibly adsorbed layer is formed. These adsorbed layers have shown enormous potential for technological applications. The growth kinetics and molecular dynamics of these buried layers in thin films are still not fully investigated due to the hard accessibility. Here, the irreversibly adsorbed layers of homopolymer thin films are revealed by solvent-leaching experiments. The growth kinetics of these layers is investigated as a function of original film thickness and annealing times. The thickness, topography and quality of the adsorbed layer is determined with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Additionally, the molecular mobility of the adsorbed layer is investigated with Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). A recently developed nanostructured capacitor (NSC) is employed to measure the adsorbed layers with a free surface layer depending on annealing and solvent-leaching time. The results are quantitatively compared and discussed with respect to recently published work. T2 - Spring Meeting of German Physical Society CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 31.03.2019 KW - Adsorbed layer KW - Thin polymeric films PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47767 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stock, V. A1 - Fahrenson, C. A1 - Voss, L. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Boehmert, L. A1 - Sieg, S. A1 - Lampen, A. T1 - Impact of artificial digestion on the sizes and shapes of microplastic particles N2 - The environmental pollution with plastic debris is one of the great challenges scientists are facing in recent times Due to degradation by UV radiation and other environmental factors, larger pieces of plastic can decompose into microscale fragments which can enter human foodstuff through the food chain or by environmental entry Recent publications show a contamination of various food products with microplastic particles suggesting a widespread exposure Thus, orally ingested plastic particles pose a potential health risk to humans In this study, we investigated the impact of artificial digestive juices on the size and shape of the three environmentally relevant microplastic particles polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). T2 - 12th International Particle Toxicology CY - Salzburg , Austria DA - 11.09.2019 KW - Microplastic KW - Particle PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48847 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saloga, Patrick E. J. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas T1 - Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Ultrasmall Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles N2 - We report on ultrasmall zinc oxide single-crystalline nanoparticles of narrow size distribution and long-term colloidal stability. These oleate-stabilized nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave-assisted synthesis for 5 min, corresponding to a 99% decrease in synthesis time, when compared to the conventional synthesis method. It was observed that the average particle radius increases from 2.6 ± 0.1 to 3.8 ± 0.1 nm upon increasing synthesis temperature from 125 to 200 °C. This change also corresponded to observed changes in the optical band gap and the fluorescence energy of the particles, from 3.44 ± 0.01 to 3.36 ± 0.01 eV and from 2.20 ± 0.01 to 2.04 ± 0.01 eV, respectively. Small-angle X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, and UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy were employed for particle characterization. Debye–Scherrer analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals a linear increase of the crystallite size with synthesis temperature. The consideration of the convolution of a Lorentz function with a Gaussian function for data correction of the instrumental peak broadening has a considerable influence on the values for the crystallite size. Williamson–Hall XRD analyses in the form of the uniform deformation model, uniform stress deformation model, and uniform deformation energy density model revealed a substantial increase of strain, stress, and deformation energy density of the crystallites with decreasing size. Exponential and power law models were utilized for quantification of strain, stress, and deformation energy density. KW - SAXS KW - Zinc oxide KW - Microwave synthesis KW - Nanoparticles PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01921 SN - 0743-7463 VL - 35 IS - 38 SP - 12469 EP - 12482 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, D.C., USA AN - OPUS4-49136 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thünemann, Andreas T1 - A look inside nanoparticles N2 - Small-angle scattering is the method of choice when it comes to obtaining information about the interior of nanoparticles. The aim is to make nanotechnology safer. While the use of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is limited to a few instruments in the world, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is widely accessible, with an upward trend. The example of core-shell particles shows how simple their analysis is with data from an Anton Paar laboratory system. Here, SAXS is a central tool for the development of new reference materials based on poly(methyl) acrylate-PVDF core-shell particles. The dimensions of the cores and shells can be precisely determined. A detailed analysis makes it possible to show that the cores contain fluorinated and nonfluorinated polymers, whereas the shell consist only of PVDF. This core-shell particles with a diameter around 40 nm show a significantly higher PVDF beta phase content than the PVDF homopolymer when using an emulsion polymerization technique. This finding is of importance with respect to applications in electroactive devices. T2 - SAXS excites: International SAXS Symposium 2019 CY - Graz, Austria DA - 24.09.2019 KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering KW - SAXS KW - Nanoplastics PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49126 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brandl, F. A1 - Lederle, F. A1 - Härter, C. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Beuermann, S. T1 - From gaseous vinylidene fluoride to electroactive poly(vinylidene fluoride) – Inducing β-phase by formation of block copolymers and composite materials N2 - Polymeric core-shell particles were synthesized in a semi-batch emulsion polymerization process. The shell of the particles consist of PVDF with a high amount of beta-phase. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to quantify the size of the cores of the particles and the thickness of the shell. T2 - Macromolecular Colloquium Freiburg CY - Freiburg, Germany DA - 20.02.2019 KW - Small-angle x-ray scattering KW - SAXS KW - Nanoparticle KW - Polymer PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47467 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thünemann, Andreas T1 - The Single Chain Architecture of (Bio)Polymers in Contact with Nanoplastics N2 - In contrast to microplastics, little is known about nanoplastics (1 to 100 nm). In order to make the dectecability of nanoplasics more reliable, we started to develop nanoplastic reference materials. This project also aims to anser the question of how the single chain conformation of bio(polymers) changes in contact with nanoplastics. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering methods are suitable methods for studing this topic. Recently the soft and hard interactions between polystyrene nanoplasics and human serum albumin corona was investigated with small-angle neutron scattering. Here we concentrate on small-angle X-ray scattering as our favorite method to study how (bio)polymers change their conformation in contact with nanoplastics. The scattering of bovine serum albumin in its native state can be detected easily. The scattering pattern of this biopolymer changes dramatically when its globular stucture changes to a coil structure. Modeling of chain conformations and the calculation of the scattering pattern is relatively easy to perform. Numerous model calculations will be provided to predict the changes of conformation of single bio(polymer) chains when in conatact with nanoplastics. These predictions will be compared with recent experimenal results from in situ measurments of bio(polymers) in contact with nanoplastics. The impact of temperature, polymer concentration and salt on the single-chain conformation changes will be discussed. T2 - PolyDays 2019 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.09.2019 KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering KW - SAXS KW - Nanoparticle KW - Protein KW - Nanoplastics PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48959 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Röhsler, Andreas A1 - Sobol, Oded A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Böllinghaus, Thomas T1 - Comprehensive study of deuterium-induced effects in in austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L N2 - The damaging impact of hydrogen on the austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 L was analysed. To this aim, samples were charged electrochemically with the hydrogen isotope deuterium (2H, D) and examined with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The fusion of the obtained chemical and structural information revealed local enrichment of deuterium in austenite, transformation into martensite, crack formation and severe roughening of the specimen surface. The results indicated that martensite was not only formed during charging but also during Desorption and ToF-SIMS examinations. Furthermore, cross-sections of deuterium-charged samples revealed that in preferred deformation bands a g/ε/a 0 evolution is taking place. By means of microscopic analyses and carrier gas hot extraction (CGHE), it was found that the use of NaAsO2 as recombination poison decreased the uptake of hydrogen significantly and resulted in severe precipitation on the specimen surfaces. This is in contrast to the popular presumption that NaAsO2 enhances the uptake of hydrogen (and deuterium) during electrochemical charging by hampering its recombination from Atoms to molecules. KW - AISI 304L KW - Hydrogen KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Deuterium KW - Martensite PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-477540 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.03.058 SN - 0360-3199 SN - 1879-3487 VL - 44 IS - 23 SP - 12228 EP - 12238 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-47754 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hagendorf, C. A1 - Richter, S. A1 - Krause, S. A1 - Bauer, J. A1 - Miclea, P.-T. A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Turek, M. T1 - Microplastic detection and analysis in water with silicon filter systems N2 - The use of optimized silicon filter systems is presented for the microplastic detection. T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Energy-Water-enviroment Nexus in Desert Climate CY - Doha, Qatar DA - 02.12.2019 KW - Filters KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC-MS KW - Harmonisation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50006 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -