TY - CHAP A1 - Zerbst, Uwe A1 - Madia, Mauro ED - Yadroitsev, I. ED - Yadroitsava, I. ED - Du Plessies, A. ED - McDonald, E. T1 - Structural integrity II: fatigue properties N2 - If a component is cyclically loaded, its load carrying capacity is considerably lower than in the monotonic loading case. This general observation applies in particular to L-PBF parts. The causes of this are mainly material defects such as pores and unwelded regions (Chapter 8) and a pronounced surface roughness in the as-built condition (Chapter 9). In addition, effects due to the anisotropy of the microstructure (Chapter 6) and a complex residual stress pattern (Chapter 7) play an important role. A consequence is that common strategies of fatigue assessment cannot be transferred to L-PBF applications without modifications. Due to the inhomogeneity of the material, the determination of representative material properties and the transfer to the component is a problem, and this is also the case with regard to the consideration of defects, surface roughness and residual stresses. The chapter gives a brief introduction to these problem areas. KW - Fatigue crack propagation stagesdefects KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fatigue life KW - Fracture mechanics PY - 2021 SN - 978-0-12-824090-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824090-8.00015-9 SP - 377 EP - 394 PB - Elsevier Inc. CY - Amsterdam ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-52854 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zerbst, Uwe A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai ED - Richard, H. A. ED - Zipsner, T. ED - Schramm, B. T1 - Schadensentwicklung und Schadenstoleranz von SLM-gefertigten Strukturen N2 - Unterschiedliche Werkstoffeigenschaften reagieren auf jeweils spezifische Weise auf Gittertyp, Gefüge und Defekte. Für die schadenstolerante Betrachtung von Werkstoff und Bauteil ist das Verständnis dieser Zusammenhänge essentiell. Der Beitrag gibt mit Hinblick auf additiv gefertigte metallische Bauteile mittels Selective Laser Melting einen kurzen, keineswegs vollständigen Überblick über Faktoren, die die Steifigkeit, Festigkeit, Duktilität, Zähigkeit, Ermüdungsrissausbreitung und Schwingfestigkeit beeinflussen. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie die bruchmechanische Betrachtung zur Quantifizierung der Zusammenhänge beitragen kann. KW - Additive Fertigung KW - Selective Laser Melting (SLM) KW - Werkstoffeigenschaften KW - Schadenstoleranz KW - Bruchmechanik PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-658-17779-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17780-5 SP - 241 EP - 270 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden AN - OPUS4-40162 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zarinwall, A. A1 - Waniek, Tassilo A1 - Finke, B. A1 - Sadaat, R. A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Garnweitner, G. ED - Sinapius, M. ED - Ziegmann, G. T1 - Particle Surface Modification N2 - Whilst a decisive role of the particle-matrix interphase on the mechanical properties of nanoparticle-filled polymers has been demonstrated in the last years, the arbitrary design of this interphase remains a very challenging goal. In principle, this could be realized via an appropriate surfacemodification of the nanofiller prior to its incorporation in the polymer. For most systems, such as for boehmite nanofillers, however, the interaction of organic modifiers with the particle surface has not been studied in detail, and only single studies are known rather than systematic investiga- tions on the effects of different chemical functions anchored on the particle surface. In this chapter, we present an extensive study on the binding of APTES, a common silane surface modifier, with boehmite, and show that thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is a convenient and highly suitable method to elucidate the ligand binding in detail. Furthermore, a two-step coupling strategy is presented, demonstrating that based on APTES anchored to the parti- cle surface, the condensation of various carboxylic acids can be utilized to enable highly diverse chemical properties of the nanofillers, which leads to very different particle-matrix interactions in the nanocomposites. KW - APTES KW - Boehmite KW - Nanoparticle KW - TGA-MS PY - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-68522-5 SN - 978-3-030-68523-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68523-2 SN - 2194-8240 SN - 2194-8259 SP - 119 EP - 142 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-53727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vasilic, Ksenija A1 - Geiker, M. A1 - Hattel, J. A1 - Martinie, L. A1 - Martys, N. A1 - Roussel, N. A1 - Spangenberg, J. ED - Roussel, N. ED - Gram, A. T1 - Advanced methods and future perspectives N2 - The one-phase methods described in Chapter 2 were shown to be able to predict casting to some extent, but could not depict segregation, sedimentation and blockage occurring during flow. On the other hand, the distinct element methods described in Chapter 3 did not take into account the presence of two phases in the system and describes concrete as distinct elements interacting through more or less complex laws. A reliable numerical model of a multiphase material behaviour shall take into account both phases (solid and liquid). From the numerical point of view, concrete flow shall be seen therefore as the free surface flow of a highly-concentrated suspension of rigid grains. KW - SCC KW - Numerical simulation PY - 2014 SN - 978-94-017-8883-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8884-7_5 VL - 15 SP - 125 EP - 146 PB - Springer Netherlands AN - OPUS4-37443 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tuma, Dirk A1 - Maurer, G. ED - Visser, A. E. ED - Bridges, N. J. ED - Rogers, R. D. T1 - Gas solubility in ionic liquids: Mixed gases in pure ionic liquids and single gases in binary liquid mixtures N2 - In the last two decades, the solubility of gases in ionic liquids has attracted a lot of attention. While at the beginning most publications dealt with the solubility of a single gas in a pure ionic liquid, recently the interest starts to shift to the – from an application-oriented point of view – more challenging area of the simultaneous solubility of several gases in an ionic liquid and/or the solubility of a single gas in solvent mixtures with ionic liquids. The current state of information on experimental data (and the phenomena encountered) in such systems is summarized and discussed. KW - Ionic liquids KW - Gas solubility KW - Phase equilibria PY - 2012 SN - 9780841227637 SN - 9780841227644 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2012-1117.ch010 VL - 1117 SP - Chapter 10, 217 EP - 238 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington DC AN - OPUS4-35897 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Drachenberg, D. A1 - Oleszczuk, S. ED - Hinterkeuser, G. ED - von Krosigk, K.-H. ED - Schabe, P. T1 - Erhaltung historischer Glasmalereien in Niederschlesien (Dolny Slask) und Kujawien (Kujawy) N2 - Im Beitrag wird über die mühevolle Sanierung von Objekten eines Kunstzweiges in Polen berichtet, der eine besondere diffizile Stellung in der langen Reihe von Werken der Kunst einnimmt. Es geht dabei um die bleiverglasten farbigen Fensterverschlüsse in Kirchen oder Profangebäuden. Das sind feingliedrige Gitterwerke aus zerbrechlichen und korrosionsanfälligen Materialien, die durch aggressive Umweltschadstoffe schweren Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Wie bei keinem anderen Kunstzweig haben die einzelnen Bestandteile der Glasmalerei sowohl praktisch-technische als auch ästhetisch-künstlerische Aufgaben zu erfüllen. Bei der Restaurierung dieser Glasmalereifenster geht darum, neuentwickelte Methoden der Restaurierung oder Konservierung anzuwenden und letzte Erkenntnisse naturwissenschaftlicher Forschung zu nutzen. Diese Projekte sind ein Beispiel der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit zwischen Denkmalpflegern, Naturwissenschaftlern und Restauratoren aus Deutschland und Polen. An ausgewählten Restaurierungsobjekten wird von der fachgerechten, denkmalpflegerisch verantwortungsbewussten Arbeit berichtet. KW - Glasmalereien KW - Außenschutzverglasung KW - Klimamessungen KW - Luftschadstoffe PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-86732-293-5 SP - 305 EP - 318 PB - Lukas Verlag für Kunst- und Geistesgeschichte CY - Berlin ET - 1. Auflage AN - OPUS4-43236 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Szypkowski, Marko ED - Bartmann, Hubertus T1 - Taucher-Handbuch, Technik, Tauchgeräte - Bauteile und Baugruppen für Leichttauchgeräte, Kap. Flaschenventile N2 - In dem Handbuch für Tauchgeräte behandelt das Kapitel "Flaschenventile" alle technisch und rechtlich relevanten Themenbereiche für die Anwender. Hier Fortsetzung Teil 2 KW - Flaschenventile KW - Atemschutz KW - Tauchen KW - Druck KW - Ventile PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-609-75380-5 SP - Kap. III -1.2.3.1.5, 27 EP - 51 PB - Stork Verlag CY - Landsberg am Lech ET - 102 AN - OPUS4-42480 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Schönhals, Andreas ED - Schönhals, Andreas ED - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites—What Can Be Learned from Dielectric and Calorimetric Investigations? N2 - Epoxy-based nanocomposites are promisingmaterials for industrial applications (i.e., aerospace, marine, and automotive industries) due to their extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties. Regardless of the broad field of applications, there is still a considerable need to identify their structure–property relationships. Here, a detailed dielectric and calorimetric (DSC and fast scanning calorimetry) study on different epoxy-based nanocomposites was performed. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) cured with diethylenetriamine (DETA) was employed as the polymeric matrix, which was reinforced with three diverse nanofillers that exhibit different interaction strengths with the epoxy matrix (halloysite nanotubes, surface modified halloysite nanotubes, and taurine-modified layered double hydroxide). The structure, molecular mobility, and vitrification behavior are discussed in detail, focusing on the intrinsic structural and dynamic heterogeneity, as well as interfacial properties. KW - Nanocomposites KW - Epoxi nanocomposites KW - Dynamics KW - Interphase KW - Ridis amorphous fraction KW - Dielectric spectroscopy KW - Flash DSC KW - Temparatur modulated Flash DSC KW - Temperature modulated DSC PY - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89723-9_11 SP - 335 EP - 367 PB - Springer CY - Cham, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-54566 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Qu, Xintong A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Sturm, Heinz ED - Sinapius, M. ED - Ziegmann, G. T1 - Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites N2 - The complex effect of nanoparticles on an epoxy-based and anhydride cured DGEBA/Boehmite nanocomposite with different particle concentrations is considered in this chapter. A combination of X-ray scattering, calorimetry (fast scanning and temperature modulated calorimetry) and dielectric spectroscopy was employed to characterize the structure, vitrification kinetics and the molecular dynamics of the nanocomposites. Firstly, the unfilled polymer was found to be intrinsically heterogeneous, showing regions with different crosslinking density, indicated by two separate dynamic glass transitions. Moreover, the glass transition temperature decreases with increasing nanoparticle concentration, as a result of changes in the crosslinking density. In addition, it was shown that the incorporation of nanoparticles can result in simultaneous increase in the number of mobile segments for low nanoparticle concentrations and on the other hand, for higher loading degrees the number of mobile segments decreases, due to the formation of an immobilized interphase. KW - Rigid amorphous fraction KW - Epoxy nanocomposites KW - X-ray scattering KW - Differential scanning calorimetry KW - Broadband dielectric spectroscopy KW - Flash DSC PY - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68523-2_4 SP - 55 EP - 77 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-52698 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Symietz, Christian A1 - Krüger, Jörg ED - Vilar, Rui T1 - Stability of laser surface modified implants N2 - A new technique to fix bioceramic powder on a titanium alloy by using femtosecond laser pulses is presented. It is shown that gentle fixation of a bioactive dielectric material on a metallic model implant is successful. This is potentially a new tool for the improvement of bone prostheses. An advantage of the ultrashort pulses is the very low heat influx into the whole sample. There is only a very thin interaction zone during the fixing, which is the metal surface in contact with the ceramic layer. Neither the fixed ceramic particles nor the major part of the metal suffer any modification. The stability of the model implant (ceramic on metal) is investigated by rotating bending fatigue tests. No indication of a reduction of the mechanical stability compared to untreated metallic reference samples was found. KW - Bone implant KW - Calcium phosphate coating KW - Femtosecond laser KW - Laser-induced fixation KW - Titanium alloy PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-08-100883-6 SN - 978-0-08-100942-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100883-6.00004-6 SN - 2049-9485 IS - 111 SP - Chapter 4, 127 EP - 143 PB - Elsevier ET - 1st edition AN - OPUS4-36790 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -