TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh A1 - Weisbrich, S. A1 - Neitzel, F. ED - Aulova, Alexandra ED - Rogelj Ritonja, Alenka ED - Emri, Igor T1 - Approximate model for geometrical complex structures T2 - 33rd Danubia- Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics - BOOK OF ABSTRACTS N2 - Many engineering structures are made of composite materials or metal foam. To simulate the deformational behaviour of these structures often requires a high number of discretisation elements. This in turn yields a very large system of linear equations that are extremely time and memory consuming or practically impossible to solve. It is therefore desirable to find an approach to overcome this obstacle. T2 - 33rd Danubia- Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Inverse analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Least-squares adjustment PY - 2016 SN - 978-961-94081-0-0 SP - 52 EP - 53 CY - Ljubljana AN - OPUS4-37529 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh A1 - Weisbrich, S. A1 - Neitzel, F. T1 - Approximate model for geometrical complex structures N2 - Many engineering structures are made of composite materials or metal foam. To simulate the deformational behaviour of these structures often requires a high number of discretisation elements. This in turn yields a very large system of linear equations that are extremely time and memory consuming or practically impossible to solve. It is therefore desirable to find an approach to overcome this obstacle. T2 - 33rd Danubia- Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Inverse analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Least-squares adjustment PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37523 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh A1 - Weisbrich, S. A1 - Neitzel, F. T1 - Approximate model for geometrical complex structures N2 - Many engineering structures are made of composite materials or metal foam. To simulate the deformational behaviour of these structures often requires a high number of discretisation elements. This in turn yields a very large system of linear equations that are extremely time and memory consuming or practically impossible to solve. It is therefore desirable to find an approach to overcome this obstacle. T2 - 33rd Danubia- Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Inverse analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Least-squares adjustment PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37524 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh A1 - Weisbrich, S. A1 - Neitzel, F. T1 - Inverse finite element adjustment of material parameters from integrated analysis of displacement field measurement N2 - The integration of finite element method (FEM) into the least-squares adjustment presented in is further extended for a joint evaluation of an elastostatic model and displacement field measurement. For linear solids which obey the Hooke's law, the material parameters determination from measurements is being examined. T2 - 32nd Danubia-Adria Symposium on advances in experimental mechanics CY - Starý Smokovec, Slovakia DA - 22.09.2016 KW - Integrated analysis KW - Inverse problem KW - Finite element method KW - Least-squares adjustment KW - Model and measurement based analysis PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35648 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh T1 - The measurement- and model-based structural analysis for damage detection T2 - BAM-Dissertationsreihe N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Beitrag zur Überwachung von Ingenieurbauwerken leisten. Die Detektion von Schäden an Bauwerken basiert auf der Auswertung von räumlich und zeitlich verteilten Hybridmessungen. Die erfassten Daten können rein geometrisch oder physikalisch ausgewertet werden. Letzteres ist vorzuziehen, da die Schadensursache mittels geometrisch-physikalischer Gesetze ermittelt werden kann, um rechtzeitig eingreifen und die weitere Nutzung der Bauwerke sicherstellen zu können. Aus diesem Grund werden die kontinuumsmechanischen Feldgleichungen in Verbindung mit der Finite-Elemente-Methode und Hybridmessungen durch die Ausgleichungsrechnung zu einer einzigen Auswertemethode kombiniert. Dabei ergeben sich zwei Aufgabenstellungen. Die erste Aufgabe beschäftigt sich mit der Beziehung zwischen der Finite-Elemente-Methode und der Ausgleichungsrechnung. Die Finite-Elemente-Methode löst bestimmte Problemklassen, die durch ein System elliptischer partieller Differentialgleichungen beschrieben werden. Während die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate eine weitere Klasse von Problemen löst, die als ein überdeterminiertes Gleichungssystem formuliert ist. Die auffallende Ähnlichkeit zwischen den beiden Methoden ist seit vielen Jahrzehnten bekannt. Es bleibt jedoch ungeklärt, warum diese Ähnlichkeit besteht. Der Beitrag soll dies klären, indem die Variationsrechnung im Hinblick auf ihr methodisches Vorgehen untersucht wird. Obwohl das bekannte Gauß-Markov-Modell innerhalb der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate und die Finite-Elemente-Methode inhärent unterschiedliche Problemklassen lösen, wird gezeigt, dass beide Methoden durch die gleichen methodischen Schritte der Variationsrechnung abgeleitet werden können. Aus methodischer Sicht bedeutet dies, dass beide Methoden nicht nur ähnlich, sondern sogar gleich sind. Außerdem wird darauf hingewiesen, wo eine mögliche Querverbindung zu anderen Methoden besteht. Die zweite Aufgabenstellung stellt eine Messungs- und Modellbasierte Strukturanalyse (MeMoS) durch die Integration der Finite-Elemente-Methode in die Ausgleichungsrechnung vor. In numerischen Untersuchungen wird gezeigt, wie diese integrierte Analyse zur Parameteridentifikation sowohl einfacher als auch beliebig geformter Strukturbauteile eingesetzt werden kann. Darauf aufbauend wird untersucht, mit welchen Beobachtungstypen, mit welcher Genauigkeit und an welcher Stelle der Struktur diese Messungen durchgeführt werden müssen, um die Materialparameter möglichst genau zu bestimmen. Dies dient der Ermittlung eines optimalen und wirtschaftlichen Messaufbaus. Mit dieser integrierten Analyse kann auch ein Ersatzmodell einer geometrisch komplexen Struktur ermittelt werden. Die Frage der Erkennung und Lokalisierung von Schäden innerhalb einer Struktur wird mit Hilfe dieser Strukturanalyse behandelt. Die Messungs- und Modellbasierte Strukturanalyse wird mit zwei verschiedenen Testaufbauten, einer Aluminium-Modellbrücke und einem Biegebalken, validiert. N2 - The present work is intended to make a contribution to the monitoring of civil engineering structures. The detection of damage to structures is based on the evaluation of spatially and temporally distributed hybrid measurements. The acquired data can be evaluated purely geometrically or physically. It is preferable to do the latter, since the cause of damage can be determined by means of geometrical-physical laws in order to be able to intervene in time and ensure the further use of the structures. For this reason, the continuum mechanical field equations in conjunction with the finite element method and hybrid measurements are combined into a single evaluation method by the adjustment calculation. This results in two challenges. The first task deals with the relationship between the finite element method and the method of least squares. The finite element method solves certain problem classes, which are described by a system of elliptical partial differential equations. Whereas the method of least squares solves another class of problems, which is formulated as an overdetermined system of equations. The striking similarity between both methods is known since many decades. However, it remains unresolved why this resemblance exists. The contribution is to clarify this by examining the variational calculus, especially with regard to its methodological procedure. Although the well-known Gauss-Markov model within the method of least squares and the finite element method solve inherently different problem classes, it is shown that both methods can be derived by following the same methodological steps of the variational calculus. From a methodical viewpoint, this implies that both methods are not only similar, but actually the same. In addition, it is pointed out where a possible cross-connection to other methods exists. The second task introduces a Measurement- and Model-based Structural Analysis (MeMoS) by integrating the finite element method into the adjustment calculation. It is shown in numerical examinations how this integrated analysis can be used for parameter identification of simple as well as arbitrarily shaped structural components. Based on this, it is examined with which observation types, with which precision and at which location of the structure these measurements must be carried out in order to determine the material parameters as precisely as possible. This serves to determine an optimal and economic measurement set-up. With this integrated analysis, a substitute model of a geometrically complex structure can also be determined. The issue of the detection and localisation of damage within a structure is studied by means of this structural analysis. The Measurement and Model-based Structural Analysis is validated using two different test setups, an aluminum model bridge and a bending beam. T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 166 KW - Ausgleichungsrechnung KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Integrierte Analyse KW - Kontinuumsmechanik KW - Schadenserkennung KW - Variationsrechnung KW - Adjustment calculation KW - Continuum mechanics KW - Damage detection KW - Finite element method KW - Integrated analysis KW - Variational calculus PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-501977 SN - 1613-4249 VL - 166 SP - 1 EP - 184 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-50197 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh T1 - The measurement- and model-based structural analysis for damage detection T1 - Schadensfrüherkennung mittels messungs- und modellbasierter Strukturanalyse N2 - The present work is intended to make a contribution to the monitoring of civil engineering structures. The detection of damage to structures is based on the evaluation of spatially and temporally distributed hybrid measurements. The acquired data can be evaluated purely geometrically or physically. It is preferable to do the latter, since the cause of damage can be determined by means of geometrical-physical laws in order to be able to intervene in time and ensure the further use of the structures. For this reason, the continuum mechanical field equations in conjunction with the finite element method and hybrid measurements are combined into a single evaluation method by the adjustment calculation. This results in two challenges. The first task deals with the relationship between the finite element method and the method of least squares. The finite element method solves certain problem classes, which are described by a system of elliptical partial differential equations. Whereas the method of least squares solves another class of problems, which is formulated as an overdetermined system of equations. The striking similarity between both methods is known since many decades. However, it remains unresolved why this resemblance exists. The contribution is to clarify this by examining the variational calculus, especially with regard to its methodological procedure. Although the well-known Gauss-Markov model within the method of least squares and the finite element method solve inherently different problem classes, it is shown that both methods can be derived by following the same methodological steps of the variational calculus. From a methodical viewpoint, this implies that both methods are not only similar, but actually the same. In addition, it is pointed out where a possible cross-connection to other methods exists. The second task introduces a Measurement- and Model-based Structural Analysis (MeMoS) by integrating the finite element method into the adjustment calculation. It is shown in numerical examinations how this integrated analysis can be used for parameter identification of simple as well as arbitrarily shaped structural components. Based on this, it is examined with which observation types, with which precision and at which location of the structure these measurements must be carried out in order to determine the material parameters as precisely as possible. This serves to determine an optimal and economic measurement set-up. With this integrated analysis, a substitute model of a geometrically complex structure can also be determined. The issue of the detection and localisation of damage within a structure is studied by means of this structural analysis. The Measurement and Model-based Structural Analysis is validated using two different test setups, an aluminum model bridge and a bending beam. N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Beitrag zur Überwachung von Ingenieurbauwerken leisten. Die Detektion von Schäden an Bauwerken basiert auf der Auswertung von räumlich und zeitlich verteilten Hybridmessungen. Die erfassten Daten können rein geometrisch oder physikalisch ausgewertet werden. Letzteres ist vorzuziehen, da die Schadensursache mittels geometrisch-physikalischer Gesetze ermittelt werden kann, um rechtzeitig eingreifen und die weitere Nutzung der Bauwerke sicherstellen zu können. Aus diesem Grund werden die kontinuumsmechanischen Feldgleichungen in Verbindung mit der Finite-Elemente-Methode und Hybridmessungen durch die Ausgleichungsrechnung zu einer einzigen Auswertemethode kombiniert. Dabei ergeben sich zwei Aufgabenstellungen. Die erste Aufgabe beschäftigt sich mit der Beziehung zwischen der Finite-Elemente-Methode und der Ausgleichungsrechnung. Die Finite-Elemente-Methode löst bestimmte Problemklassen, die durch ein System elliptischer partieller Differentialgleichungen beschrieben werden. Während die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate eine weitere Klasse von Problemen löst, die als ein überdeterminiertes Gleichungssystem formuliert ist. Die auffallende Ähnlichkeit zwischen den beiden Methoden ist seit vielen Jahrzehnten bekannt. Es bleibt jedoch ungeklärt, warum diese Ähnlichkeit besteht. Der Beitrag soll dies klären, indem die Variationsrechnung im Hinblick auf ihr methodisches Vorgehen untersucht wird. Obwohl das bekannte Gauß-Markov-Modell innerhalb der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate und die Finite-Elemente-Methode inhärent unterschiedliche Problemklassen lösen, wird gezeigt, dass beide Methoden durch die gleichen methodischen Schritte der Variationsrechnung abgeleitet werden können. Aus methodischer Sicht bedeutet dies, dass beide Methoden nicht nur ähnlich, sondern sogar gleich sind. Außerdem wird darauf hingewiesen, wo eine mögliche Querverbindung zu anderen Methoden besteht. Die zweite Aufgabenstellung stellt eine Messungs- und Modellbasierte Strukturanalyse (MeMoS) durch die Integration der Finite-Elemente-Methode in die Ausgleichungsrechnung vor. In numerischen Untersuchungen wird gezeigt, wie diese integrierte Analyse zur Parameteridentifikation sowohl einfacher als auch beliebig geformter Strukturbauteile eingesetzt werden kann. Darauf aufbauend wird untersucht, mit welchen Beobachtungstypen, mit welcher Genauigkeit und an welcher Stelle der Struktur diese Messungen durchgeführt werden müssen, um die Materialparameter möglichst genau zu bestimmen. Dies dient der Ermittlung eines optimalen und wirtschaftlichen Messaufbaus. Mit dieser integrierten Analyse kann auch ein Ersatzmodell einer geometrisch komplexen Struktur ermittelt werden. Die Frage der Erkennung und Lokalisierung von Schäden innerhalb einer Struktur wird mit Hilfe dieser Strukturanalyse behandelt. Die Messungs- und Modellbasierte Strukturanalyse wird mit zwei verschiedenen Testaufbauten, einer Aluminium-Modellbrücke und einem Biegebalken, validiert. KW - Damage detection KW - Continuum mechanics KW - Adjustment calculation KW - Finite element method KW - Variational calculus KW - Integrated analysis KW - Schadenserkennung KW - Kontinuumsmechanik KW - Ausgleichungsrechnung KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Variationsrechnung KW - Integrierte Analyse PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019100201583156925935 DO - https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-8845 SP - 1 EP - 169 PB - Technische Universität Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-49288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh A1 - Weisbrich, S. A1 - Burger, M. A1 - Neitzel, F. T1 - A Four-Point Bending Test Apparatus for Measurement- and Model-based Structural Analysis T2 - 36th Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics EXTENDED ABSTRACTS N2 - By means of a small-scale truss bridge, the ability of the Measurement- and Model-based Structural Analysis to detect and localize damage was examined. Although there was no noteworthy difficulty in detecting damage, it turned out that damage localization responds sensitively to systematic influences, i.e. non-modelled properties of the mechanical model. Therefore, another experiment is being conducted to re-examine the Measurement- and Model-based Structural Analysis. For this purpose, the bending test is carried out as it has been already theoretically respectively numerically discussed. In this attempt, the systematic influences such as residual stress are kept as low as possible. T2 - 36th Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Pilsen, Czech Republic DA - 24.09.2019 KW - Damage detection KW - Adjustment calculation KW - Finite element method PY - 2019 SN - 978-80-261-0876-4 SP - 63 EP - 64 CY - Pilsen, Czech Republic AN - OPUS4-49290 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Linnemann, Konrad A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Sterthaus, Jens A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor T1 - Prestressed bolt connections under lateral displacements N2 - The containment system of transport packages for spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste usually includes bolted lids with metal gaskets. The specified transport condition imply high loading on the lids and the bolt connections of the package. The response of the lid systems on these load conditions is generally investigated by drop tests or numerically. BAM has started a research project to get a better understanding about the behavior of prestressed bolt connection under loadings typical for drop tests. T2 - IRSN-BAM Symposium Safety of Transport and Storage Packages CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2020 KW - Transport packages KW - Pprestressed bolt connection KW - Experimental investigation KW - Finite element method PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Frei, J. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Overview and new developments in research on resistance spot welding of advanced high strength steels T2 - The 5th International Conference on Steels in Cars and Trucks N2 - The safe joining of new, freshly developed steel types keeps challenging the industry–and is assumed to go on in doing so. In the body-in-white production, these materials are mainly joined using resistance spot welding. During the past ten years, various investigations on resistance spot welding of advanced high strength steels have been carried out at Fraunhofer IPK and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). This paper aims to give an overview about both the top former and recent studies and results. The investigated topics are the influences of manufacturing conditions as initial gaps and restraints on spot welds, their impact on the fatigue strength of a joint and the cracking-wise safe weldability of AHSS. Caused by non-ideal manufacturing conditions, cracks in spot welds (e.g. caused by liquid metal embrittlement) are still regarded as a potential risk in industrial practice. Therefore, a method to evaluate the safe weldability regarding the cracking susceptibility was developed for AHSS. The method is easy to perform, even without expensive laboratory equipment. It allows the end user to establish a material ranking regarding the cracking susceptibility of the handled steels. Recently, coupled thermo-mechanical finite element modelling has been used to describe critical stress-strain conditions responsible for the occurrence of liquid metal embrittlement, and to improve the understanding of the process. T2 - The 5th International Conference on Steels in Cars and Trucks CY - Amsterdam-Schiphol, The Netherlands DA - 19.06.2017 KW - Advanced high strength steels KW - Resistance spot welding KW - Cracking susceptibility KW - Liquid metal embrittlement KW - Material ranking KW - Fatigue strength KW - Gaps KW - Finite element method PY - 2017 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-43189 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Silva, R. A. A1 - Garofano, A. A1 - Oliveira, D. V. ED - Papadrakakis, M. ED - Fragiadakis, M. T1 - In-Plane behaviour of earthen materials: A numerical comparison between adobe masonry, rammed earth and cob T2 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering COMPDYN 2017 N2 - The paper presents a comparison between different numerical modelling approaches aiming to simulate the in-plain behaviour of three types of earthen materials, namely adobe masonry, rammed earth and cob. For this purpose, uniaxial and diagonal compression tests were carried out, which allowed determining important mechanical parameters, such as compressive strength, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, shear strength and shear modulus. Furthermore, the tests allowed assessing the level of non-linear behaviour of the respective stress–strain relationships as well as the failure modes. The experimental results were then used for the calibration of numerical models (based on the finite element method) for simulating the non-linear behaviour of the earth materials under in-plane shear loading. Both macro- and micro-modelling approaches were considered for this purpose. The procedures adopted for model calibration established the reliability of various modelling strategies for the different loading conditions. The simplified Approach based on macromodelling shows a satisfactory accuracy and low computational costs. The results reproducing the uniaxial compression are in good correspondence with the post-elastic behaviour observed in the experimental campaign. The micro-modelling approach adopted to reproduce the shear behaviour, even with higher computational cost, represents a suitable tool to predict the adobe masonry and rammed earth collapse mechanisms. T2 - 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN 2017) CY - Rhodes, Greece DA - 15.06.2017 KW - Earthen materials KW - Compression behaviour KW - Shear behaviour KW - Digital image corelation KW - Finite element method PY - 2017 SN - 978-618-82844-1-8 VL - 1 SP - 2478 EP - 2504 AN - OPUS4-42579 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -