TY - RPRT A1 - Antoni, S. A1 - Kunath, K. A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Simon, K. A1 - Uhlig, S. T1 - Evaluation of the interlaboratory test on the method UN O.2 / EC A.21 'Test for oxidizing liquids' 2009 - 2010 N2 - For the classification of chemicals, special standardized test procedures have been developed and are used world-wide. Safe handling and use of these chemicals depend on the correct classification which therefore must be based on the precise and correct execution of the tests and their evaluation. In this context interlaboratory tests (round robin tests, interlaboratory comparisons / intercomparisons) are a crucial element of a laboratory's quality system. Participation in interlaboratory tests is explicitly recommended by the standard ISO/IEC 17025. The present document reports on the results of the interlaboratory test 2009/2010 on the test methods UN O.2 “Test for oxidizing liquids” [1] / EC A.21 “Oxidizing Properties (Liquids)” [2] which was organized by the Center for Quality Assurance for Testing of Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Substances. The test methods UN O.2 and EC A.21 are applied to characterize the oxidizing properties of liquid chemical substances or mixtures. To differentiate between chemicals with hazardous / dangerous oxidizing properties and chemicals which are not classified as hazardous / dangerous, the substance’s oxidizing properties are compared to those of a standard reference substance. Since the methods (UN O.2 / EC A.21) were developed and came into force in the early nineties a systematic review concerning the practical application of the test method has not been carried out. KW - Oxidiser KW - Oxidierend KW - Gefahrgut KW - Dangerous goods KW - UN O.2 KW - Prüfmethode KW - Test method PY - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-250904 SN - 978-3-9814634-0-8 SP - 1 EP - 95 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin ET - Final report AN - OPUS4-25090 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Antoni, S. A1 - Kunath, K. A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Schlage, R. A1 - Simon, K. A1 - Uhlig, S. A1 - Wildner, W. A1 - Zimmermann, C. T1 - Evaluation of the interlaboratory test on the method UN test O.1 'Test for oxidizing solids' with sodium perborate monohydrate 2005 / 06 N2 - The classification of solid oxidizers according to the GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classifica-tion and Labelling of Chemicals) and according to regulations on the transport of dangerous goods (based on the UN Recommendations/Model Regulations and implemented in all carrier domains as transport by road, railway, sea, air) is performed on the basis of the results of the UN test O.1 (―Test for oxidizing solids‖ described in chapter 34.4.1 in the Recommendations on the Transport of Danger-ous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fifth revised edition, United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009). This test was introduced into the UN Test Manual in 1995 as a replacement for a similar test from 1986. Even though the O.1 test is much better than the previous one there are still many prob-lems with this test. For this reason the IGUS-EOS working group (international group of experts on the explosion risks of unstable substances – working group: energetic and oxidizing substances) installed an ad-hoc working group in 2002 assigned with the task of proposing solutions for the existing prob-lems. The adequacy of such proposals has to be proven preferably by interlaboratory comparison (interlaboratory test) before they are presented to the UN Sub Committee for adoption into the UN Test Manual. The present report is the evaluation of an interlaboratory test which was designed by the Ad-hoc working group in order to find out whether the current method of comparing combustion times of test mixtures with those of reference mixtures is suitable in principle and whether some approaches for improvement of the method can be identified. KW - Oxidiser KW - Oxidierend KW - Gefahrgut KW - Dangerous goods KW - UN O.1 KW - Prüfmethode KW - Test method PY - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-250919 UR - http://www.bam.de/de/service/publikationen/publikationen_medien/un_test_for_oxidizing_solids_final_report_on_interlab_test.pdf SN - 978-3-9814281-2-4 SP - 1 EP - 65 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin ET - Final report AN - OPUS4-25091 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Uhlig, S. A1 - Frost, K. A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Zakel, Sabine T1 - CEQAT-DGHS interlaboratory tests for chemical safety: Validation of laboratory test methods by determining the measurement uncertainty and probability of incorrect classification including so-called “Shark profiles” N2 - Laboratory test results are of vital importance for correctly classifying and labelling chemicals as “hazardous” as defined in the UN Globally Harmonized System (GHS) / EC CLP Regulation or as “dangerous goods” as defined in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of laboratory test results. Interlaboratory tests performed over the last 10 years have examined different laboratory test methods. After analysing the results of these interlaboratory tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. There is a need for improvement and validation for all laboratory test methods examined. 2. To avoid any discrepancy concerning the classification and labelling of chemicals, the use of validated laboratory test methods should be state of the art, with the results accompanied by the measurement uncertainty and (if applicable) the probability of incorrect classification. This paper addresses the probability of correct/incorrect classification (for example, as dangerous goods) on the basis of the measurement deviation obtained from interlaboratory tests performed by the Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances (CEQAT-DGHS) to validate laboratory test methods. This paper outlines typical results (e.g. so-called “Shark profiles” – the probability of incorrect classification as a function of the true value estimated from interlaboratory test data) as well as general conclusions and steps to be taken to guarantee that laboratory test results are fit for purpose and of high quality. T2 - 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE 2020) CY - Brunswick, Germany DA - 27.07.2020 KW - Dangerous goods KW - Hazardous substances KW - Interlaboratory test KW - Test method KW - Validation KW - Quality assurance KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - Incorrect classification KW - Shark profiles PY - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104532 SN - 0950-4230/ VL - 72 SP - 104532 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-52751 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Frost, K. A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Simon, K. A1 - Uhlig, St. T1 - Evaluation of the interlaboratory test 2015-2016 on the method DIN EN 15188:2007 “Determination of the spontaneous ignition behaviour of dust accumulations” N2 - For the classification, safe handling and use of the chemicals, special standardized testing procedures have been developed and are used worldwide. Safety experts must be able to fully rely on the precise execution of the respective laboratory tests and assessments. In this context, interlaboratory tests are a crucial element of a laboratory's quality system. Participation in interlaboratory tests is explicitly recommended by the standard ISO/IEC 17025. The present document reports the results of the interlaboratory test 2015-2016, which was performed on the test method DIN EN 15188:2007 “Determination of the spontaneous ignition behaviour of dust accumulations”. It was organized by BAM in the frame of the co-operation project CEQAT-DGHS Centre for Quality Assurance for Testing of Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Substances. The test method DIN EN 15188:2007 is applied to characterize the self-ignition behaviour of combustible dusts. The experimental basis for describing the self-ignition behaviour of a given dust is the determination of the self-ignition temperatures (TSI) of differently-sized volumes of the dust sample by isoperibolic hot storage experiments (storage at constant oven temperatures) in commercially available ovens. The results measured this way reflect the dependence of the self-ignition temperatures on the volume of a dust accumulation. The interlaboratory test 2015-2016 on the method DIN EN 15188:2007 is the latest in a systematic stepwise built up series of method validation interlaboratory tests and internal laboratory investigations. The aim of this interlaboratory test was to determine measurement uncertainties of the modified method DIN EN 15188 for different substances, covering a sufficiently wide range of self-ignition behaviours in the scope of the DIN EN 15188 of the four basket test to extrapolate to storage volumes up to 1000 m³ and the single basket test for a basket volume of 1000 cm³. The precision of the four basket test and the single basket of the modified method DIN EN 15188 can be assessed as acceptable for the four sample materials investigated in the current interlaboratory test 2015-2016. It was possible to derive a functional equation for the measurement uncertainty U depending on the storage volume V. The measurement uncertainty cannot be ignored and must be considered, if TSI results should be used in practice. KW - Gefahrgut KW - Gefahrstoff KW - Ringversuch KW - Prüfmethode KW - Validierung KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Messunsicherheit KW - Dangerous goods KW - Hazardous substances KW - Round robin test KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - Test method KW - Validation KW - Measurement uncertainty PY - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-387343 SN - 978-3-9818270-0-2 SP - 1 EP - 106 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38734 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Frost, K. A1 - Kurth, Lutz A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Uhlig, S. T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Interlaboratory test programme for chemical safety - status and activities N2 - Safety experts, carriers or traders must be able to rely on the validity of the method and on correct results of safety tests and assessments in the laboratory. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Berlin and Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig have extensive experience in the field of testing and assessment of physical hazards of chemicals. Interlaboratory tests on different test methods have been performed by BAM and PTB during the last 10 years. Significant differences between the results of the participating laboratories were observed in all interlaboratory test. The deviations of the test results were not caused only by laboratory faults but also by deficiencies of the test method; i.e. many of the method descriptions are too ambiguous and allow divergences for interpretation. Therefore, it is necessary to know exactly how good the method is that is used to classify dangerous goods or hazardous substances or to determine safety-relevant parameters. A key criterion is the measurement uncertainty. One can choose simple methods with large error limits, but the measurement uncer-tainties should be known and always communicated together with the test results. This would allow safety specialists to be able to assess test results correctly and make well-founded decisions, e.g. for adequate protective measures. Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of test results. Participation in interlaboratory tests is not only a crucial element of the quality as-surance of laboratories; as such it is explicitly recommended in DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025. In addition, interlaboratory tests are also used to develop and validate test methods and can be used for the determination of the measurement uncertainty. Therefore, the BAM and PTB continue to support the further development of the interlaboratory test programme of CEQAT-DGHS (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, www.ceqat-dghs.bam.de), established in 2007. This programme is run by BAM in collaboration with the PTB and the QuoData Gesellschaft für Qualitätsmanagement und Statistik mbH, Dresden. A new interlaboratory test for methods validation on the test method UN Test N.5 "Test method for substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases” is currently being prepared and will be carried out in 2018. Laboratories that specialise in this test are invited to participate in the interlaboratory test. Interested laboratories can check the details and register to participate in the interlaboratory test at the CEQAT-DGHS website. T2 - MEETINGS OF IGUS EOS GROUP CY - Shanghai, P.R. China DA - 09.04.2018 KW - Interlaboratory test KW - Dangereous goods KW - Hazardous substances KW - Test method KW - Validation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44825 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Uhlig, S. A1 - Frost, K. A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Zakel, S. T1 - CEQAT-DGHS interlaboratory tests for chemical safety: Validation of laboratory test methods by determining the measurement uncertainty and probability of incorrect classification including so-called “Shark profiles” N2 - Laboratory test results are of vital importance for correctly classifying and labelling chemicals as “hazardous” as defined in the UN Globally Harmonized System (GHS) / EC CLP Regulation or as “dangerous goods” as defined in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of laboratory test results. Interlaboratory tests performed over the last 10 years have examined different laboratory test methods. After analysing the results of these interlaboratory tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. There is a need for improvement and validation for all laboratory test methods examined. 2. To avoid any discrepancy concerning the classification and labelling of chemicals, the use of validated laboratory test methods should be state of the art, with the results accompanied by the measurement uncertainty and (if applicable) the probability of incorrect classification. This paper addresses the probability of correct/incorrect classification (for example, as dangerous goods) on the basis of the measurement deviation obtained from interlaboratory tests performed by the Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances (CEQAT-DGHS) to validate laboratory test methods. This paper outlines typical results (e.g. so-called “Shark profiles” – the probability of incorrect classification as a function of the true value estimated from interlaboratory test data) as well as general conclusions and steps to be taken to guarantee that laboratory test results are fit for purpose and of high quality. T2 - 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE 2020) CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 27.07.2020 KW - Dangerous goods KW - Hazardous substances KW - Interlaboratory test KW - Test method KW - Validation KW - Quality assurance KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - Incorrect classification KW - Shark profile PY - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-515376 UR - https://oar.ptb.de/files/download/5f3e662f4c93901010006dbf VL - 2020 SP - 50 EP - 61 PB - Open Access Repository der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB-OAR) CY - Braunschweig AN - OPUS4-51537 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Frost, K. A1 - Kurth, Lutz A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Uhlig, S. A1 - Zakel, S. T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Interlaboratory tests for method validation and measurement uncertainty determination N2 - An explosion in a chemical plant or a fire on a dangerous goods vessel - the reason for such accidents can be numerous. Prevention starts in the laboratory where chemicals are tested for their hazardous properties in order to be able to assess the risks involved in their handling. For this purpose, test methods have been developed and published. They are applied globally nowadays. Safety experts, manufacturers, suppliers, importers, employers or consumers must be able to rely on the validity of safety-related test methods and on correct test results and assessments in the laboratory. Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of test results. Participation in interlaboratory tests is not only a crucial element of the quality assurance of laboratories; as such it is explicitly recommended in DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025. In addition, interlaboratory tests are also used to develop and validate test methods and can be used for the determination of the measurement uncertainty. Interlaboratory tests on different test methods have been performed by Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in collaboration with the QuoData GmbH during the last 10 years. Significant differences between the results of the participating laboratories were observed in all interlaboratory tests. The deviations of the test results were not caused only by laboratory faults but also by deficiencies of the test method (see interlaboratory test reports of the CEQAT-DGHS Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances: www.ceqat-dghs.bam.de). In view of the interlaboratory test results the following conclusions can be drawn: • To avoid any discrepancy on classification and labelling of chemicals it should become state of the art to use validated test methods and the results accompanied by the measurement uncertainty. • A need for improvement is demonstrated for all examined test methods. Thus, interlaboratory tests shall initially aim at the development, improvement and validation of the test methods (including the determination of the measurement uncertainty) and not on proficiency tests. • The laboratory management and the practical execution of the tests need to be improved in many laboratories. • The term "experience of the examiner" must be seen critically: A "long experience with many tests" is not necessarily a guarantee for correct results. T2 - Eurachem International Workshop Uncertainty from sampling and analysis for accredited laboratories CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.11.2019 KW - Gefahrgut KW - Gefahrstoff KW - Ringversuch KW - Prüfmethode KW - Validierung KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Messunsicherheit KW - Dangerous goods KW - Hazardous substances KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - Quality assurance KW - Round robin test KW - Test method KW - Validation KW - Measurement uncertainty PY - 2019 UR - https://www.eurachem.org/index.php/events/completed/277-wks-mu2019#posters AN - OPUS4-49832 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Frost, K. A1 - Kurth, Lutz A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Schulte, Petra A1 - Uhlig, S. A1 - Zakel, S. T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Interlaboratory Test Programme for Chemical Safety - Need of Test Methods Validation N2 - Safety experts, manufacturers, suppliers, importers, employers or consumers must be able to rely on the validity of safety-related test methods and on correct test results and assessments in the laboratory. Via the eChemPortal lots of data from the REACH registration dossiers are available. However, the quality and correctness of the information remains in the responsibility of the data submitter. Unfortunately, we found more or less appropriate information on physicochemical properties and concluded that more quality or adequacy of any data submitted will be needed. Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of test results. Interlaboratory tests on different test methods have been performed by Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in collaboration with the QuoData GmbH during the last 10 years. Significant differences between the results of the participating laboratories were observed in all interlaboratory tests. The deviations of the test results were not caused only by laboratory faults but also by deficiencies of the test method. In view of the interlaboratory test results the following conclusions can be drawn: • To avoid any discrepancy on classification and labelling of chemicals it should become state of the art to use validated test methods and the results accompanied by the measurement uncertainty. • A need for improvement is demonstrated for all examined test methods. Thus, interlaboratory tests shall initially aim at the development, improvement and validation of the test methods and not on proficiency tests. • The laboratory management and the practical execution of the tests need to be improved in many laboratories. • The term "experience of the examiner" must be seen critically: A "long experience with many tests" is not necessarily a guarantee for correct results. T2 - 16th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries and accompanying exhibition. Loss prevention 2019 CY - Delft, The Netherlands DA - 16.06.2019 KW - Dangerous goods KW - Hazardous substances KW - Round robin test KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - Test method KW - Validation KW - Quality assurance PY - 2019 UR - https://www.aidic.it/cet/19/77/001.pdf SN - 978-88-95608-74-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1977001 SN - 2283-9216 VL - 77 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Italian Association of Chemical Engineering AN - OPUS4-49496 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Colson, B. A1 - Frost, K. A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Simon, K. A1 - Stolz, T. A1 - Uhlig, S. T1 - Evaluation of the interlaboratory test 2015 – 2016 on the method UN Test L.2 “Sustained combustibility test” / EN ISO 9038:2013 “Determination of sustained combustibility of liquids" N2 - The test methods UN Test L.2 / EN ISO 9038:2013 DIN EN 15188:2007 are applied to characterize the sustained combustibility of liquids i.e. the behaviour of a material under specified test conditions, whereby its vapour can be ignited by an ignition source and sufficient flammable vapour is produced to continue burning for at least 15 s after the source of ignition has been removed. The aims of this interlaboratory test (IT) are the verification and/or the improvement (if necessary) of the verification data (reference material) in Annex B of EN ISO 9038:2013, the assessment of influencing (disturbing) factors (laboratory specific factors, which possibly may have an influence on the test result) and the assessment of the performance of the participating laboratories. It could be demonstrated that the reference materials n-Dodecane, n-Decane and n-Undecane as mentioned in the standard are suitable and the verification shall continue to be valid. Sustained combustibility tests are influenced by several factors like the presence of a draught shield, the experience of the laboratory assistant, verification of the apparatus, calibration of the metering device. Based on the interlaboratory test, the gained experience and the actual results, well-founded measures / actions can be recommended to improve execution of the method. The IT was organized by PTB, BAM and QuoData GmbH in the framework of the co-operation project CEQAT-DGHS Centre for Quality Assurance for Testing of Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Substances. KW - Dangerous goods KW - Hazardous substances KW - Test method KW - Quality assurance KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - Round robin test KW - Validation KW - Sustained combustibility KW - Reference material KW - Gefahrgut KW - Gefahrstoff KW - Prüfmethode KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Ringversuch KW - Validierung KW - Selbstunterhaltende Verbrennung KW - Referenzmaterial PY - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-410270 SN - 978-3-9818270-3-3 SP - 1 EP - 103 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-41027 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tang, Chi-Long A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Proposal of a standard test method for the quantification of particulate matter during 3D printing and the systematic ranking of filament materials N2 - The diversity of fused filament fabrication (FFF) filaments continues to grow rapidly as the popularity of FFF-3D desktop printers for the use as home fabrication devices has been greatly increased in the past decade. Potential harmful emissions and associated health risks when operating indoors have induced many emission studies. However, the lack of standardization of measurements impeded an objectifiable comparison of research findings. Therefore, we designed a chamber-based standard method, i.e., the strand printing method (SPM), which provides a standardized printing procedure and quantifies systematically the particle emission released from individual FFF-3D filaments under controlled conditions. Forty-four marketable filament products were tested. The total number of emitted particles (TP) varied by approximately four orders of magnitude (1E9 ≤ TP ≤ 1E13), indicating that origin of polymers, manufacturer-specific additives, and undeclared impurities have a strong influence. Our results suggest that TP characterizes an individual filament product and particle emissions cannot be categorized by the polymer type (e.g., PLA or ABS) alone. The user's choice of a filament product is therefore decisive for the exposure to released particles during operation. Thus, choosing a filament product awarded for low emissions seems to be an easily achievable preemptive measure to prevent health hazards. T2 - 11th International Aerosol Conference CY - Athens, Greece DA - 04.09.2022 KW - Ultrafine particles KW - FFF-3D-Printer KW - Indoor emission KW - Emission test chamber KW - Test method KW - Exposure risk PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55666 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -