TY - CONF A1 - Kulla, Hannes T1 - In situ investigations of a mechanochemical cocrystal formation by X-ray diffraction for two different milling jar materials N2 - Mechanochemistry has become a valuable method for the synthesis of new materials, especially for pharmaceutical cocrystals. The Advantages of fast reactions in high purity and yield face a lack of understanding the underlying mechanism. Therefore, in situ setups to study mechanochemical reactions have been established. Herein, we present an in situ investigation of the mechanochemical cocrystal formation of pyrazinamide (PZA) with pimelic acid (PM) using synchrotron XRD. Two new polymorphs of PZA:PM (1:1) were synthesized by milling the starting materials in milling jars of different materials. While Form I is only obtained using a steel jar, Form II can be obtained purely in jars made of Perspex. In situ XRD experiments reveal a direct formation of Form II in Perspex and an intermediate formation of Form II in steel jars converting to Form I upon further grinding. Heating experiments and DFT calculations predict that Form II is the thermodynamically more stable polymorph. Therefore, the reaction progress in the steel jar contradicts Ostwald’s rules of stages as the more stable Form II converts into the metastable Form I. Hence, mechanochemistry offers the possibility to synthesize new materials that cannot be obtained using conventional methods. T2 - Adlershofer Forschungsforum 2017 CY - HU-Berlin, Erwin-Schrödinger Zentrum, Germany DA - 10.11.2017 KW - Cocrystal KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Polymorph KW - In situ KW - Milling PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42956 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Moldenhauer, Laura T1 - Experimental modeling approach for determining the moisture damping exponent of a bluetooth low energy signal in moist building material N2 - We investigated, the damped Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signal, transmitted from the BLE-module embedded in building materials with changing moisture content, Fig. 1. The BLE-module communicates with a mobile Smart Device as tablet via 2.45 GHz-ISM-frequency band where water dipoles start to oscillate, Fig. 2. The damping model demonstrates this damping effect on RSSI by the abstraction of the reality observed in a real system. Through the reproduction of the active relationships, the system behavior is decomposed in such a way that a separate consideration of the required system parameters is possible. T2 - 34th DANUBIA ADRIA SYMPOSIUM on Advances in Experimental Mechanics (DAS 2017) CY - Trieste, Italy DA - 18.09.2017 KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Long-term monitoring KW - Bluetooth Low Energy KW - BLE KW - Moisture KW - Network Communication KW - Experimental study KW - Modellierung PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42966 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclega, D. T1 - High temperature corrosion resistance of Inconel 686 coatings in aggresive environments N2 - The work presents the microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties of Inconel 686 coatings after high - temperature corrosion in environment of aggressive gases. To produce the Ni - base weld overlays the QS Nd:YAG laser beam was used. The substrates were 13Mo4-5 boilers plate steel. Ni - base alloys characterize the excellent high temperature corrosion resistance, good strength and good ability to work in aggressive environments. Applied overlays had a proper combination of the metal substrate in particular small amount of Fe. This could be achieved by the reduction of the melting of the substrate and its dissolution into the overlays. The microstructure, chemical composition of the obtained overlays were investigated by means of a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with the EDS detector. The overlays had cellular-dendritic structure. The variations of the chemical composition (especially Mo, Ni and W ) in the interdendritic and dendritic regions were observed. The interdendritic regions were enriched during solidifications in Mo and W and had lower content of Ni. T2 - EUROCORR 2017 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 03.09.2017 KW - Inconel 686 KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Laser cladding PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44197 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclega, D. T1 - The microstructure of weld overlay Ni - base alloy deposited on carbon steel by laser QS-Nd:YAG N2 - Ni- base alloys are used as a one of the most important coating material and can be applied in a different environments and elements of devices having various applications. To protect the surface of the material from aggressive gases at high temperature, there are use different kinds of the Ni- base alloys. One of such alloy is Ni-Cr-Mo-W called commercial Inconel 686. This alloy based on NiCr22Mo9Nb (Inconel 625), in which content of molybdenum increased and niobium was replaced with the addition of tungsten, in order to counteract the strong segregation in the microstructure, which results in homogeneity of the chemical composition of the structure. Inconel 686 is also characterized by greater resistance to high temperature corrosion and heat resistance than Inconel 625. The Inconel 686 alloy was deposited on 13CrMo4-5 steel by laser QS - Nd:YAG. In the poster the microstructure (SEM) and chemical composition (EDS) of obtained weld overlays were investigated. T2 - EUROMAT 2017 CY - Thessaloniki, Greece DA - 17.09.2017 KW - Nickel based alloy KW - Laser cludding KW - High temperature corrosion resistance PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44195 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Patzig, C. T1 - Surface-initiated microstructure formation in glass ceramics N2 - Up to now, the mechanisms of surface nucleation and surface-induced texture formation are far from being understood. Corresponding phenomena are discussed hypothetically or even controversial, and related studies are restricted to very few glasses. As a main drawback, the vast majority of previous work on oriented growth of surface crystals do not consider the possible effects of glass surface treatments (like polishing defects, adhered particles and cracks, …) or ambient annealing conditions (vacuum or atmospheric pressure) which both can influence crystal nucleation and growth. Moreover, very few observations of crystal orientation related to surface crystallization were focused on separately growing crystals. In conclusion, up to now, no systematic studies on initially oriented crystal growth or nucleation from defined active nucleation sites have been pursued. Therefore, the main objective of the proposed project is to gain a basic understanding of the mechanisms of surface-induced microstructure formation in glass ceramics. We shall answer the question whether preferred orientation of surface crystals is the result of oriented nucleation or caused by other orientation selection mechanisms acting during early crystal growth. In both cases, crystal orientation may be caused by the orientation of the glass surface itself or the anisotropy and orientation of active surface nucleation defects. New techniques of experimental characterization of surface-crystallized glasses shall be applied to find answers to the questions posed above. Based on a controlled preparation and annealing of the glass sample surfaces, that includes the defined creation of active nucleation defects, and followed by the microstructural characterization especially during the very early growth stages of separated surface crystals, the orientation relations between defect and initiated surface crystal will be analyzed. In order to gain new insights, a couple of entirely new microstructure diagnostics techniques, including chemically contrasted XRM, laser-based sample preparation for XRM, and 3D electron backscatter diffraction shall be developed or applied. This way, using X-ray microscopy as a pivotal technique for the non-destructive 3D characterization of relatively large samples at superior spatial resolution (but also complemented by other microstructure diagnostics techniques, e.g. TEM elemental mappings at cross-sectioned samples) unprecedented insights into the microstructure evolution upon surface crystallization of model glasses will be gained. T2 - DFG Begutachtungskolloquium (PAK 949/1 und PAK 950/1) CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 07.03.2017 KW - Oberflächenkeimbildung KW - Glaskeramik KW - Orientierung PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44221 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclęga, Damian T1 - Optimization of laser treatment parameters of Inconel 686 overlay weld on carbon steel 13Mo4-5 N2 - The work presents the effects of the change of the laser cladding parameters on microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties of Inconel 686 overlays (coatings). To obtain the best quality of these coatings the various parameters of laser cladding such as the power density of the laser beam, the laser beam velocity and overlapping ratio of the weld tracks were applied. The substrates were boilers plate made of the 13Mo4-5 steel. Ni - base alloys characterize by the excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance, good strength and good ability to work in aggressive environments. Applied overlays had a proper combination of the metal substrate in particular small amount of Fe. This could be achieved by the reduction of the substrate melting and its dissolution into the overlays. The microstructure, chemical composition of the obtained overlays were investigated by means of a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with the EDS detector. The overlays had cellular-dendritic structure. The variations of the chemical composition (especially Mo, Ni and W ) in the interdendritic and dendritic regions were observed. The interdendritic regions were enriched during solidifications in Mo and W and had lower content of Ni. T2 - METAL 2017 CY - Brno, Czech Republic DA - 24.05.2017 KW - Laser cladding KW - Overlay KW - Chemical composition KW - Inconel 686 PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44464 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kern, Simon T1 - Novel Flow Cell Designs for Process Monitoring with Compact NMR Spectroscopy N2 - Compact nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instruments make NMR spectroscopy and relaxometry accessible in industrial and harsh environments for reaction characterization and process control. Robust field integration of NMR systems have to face explosion protection or integration into process control systems with short set-up times. This paves the way for industrial automation in real process environments. The design of failsafe, temperature and pressure resistant flow through cells along with their NMR-specific requirements is an essential cornerstone to enter industrial production plants and fulfill explosion safety requirements. Additionally, if fast reactions are monitored, suitable mixing devices need to be placed in close vicinity to the measuring volume to mix the reactants properly. NMR-specific requirements aim at full quantitative pre-magnetization and acquisition with maximum sensitivity while reducing sample transfer times and dwell-times. All parameters are individually dependent on the applied NMR instrument. Luckily, an increasing number of applications are reported together with an increasing variety of commercial equipment. However, these contributions have to be reviewed thoroughly. The performance of sample flow cells commonly used in online analytics and especially for low-field NMR spectroscopy was experimentally and theoretically investigated by 1H-NMR experiments and numerical simulations. Especially, the applicability of 3D printed zirconium dioxide for innovative flow cell designs was of interest. Here, we demonstrate and discuss an automated test method to determine the critical parameters of flow through cells for quantitative online NMR spectroscopy. The setup is based on randomized setpoints of flow rates in order to reduce temperature related effects. Five flow cells and tubing were assessed and compared for high-field as well as low-field NMR spectrometers. T2 - Practical Applications of NMR in Industry Conference ​(PANIC) 2018 CY - La Jolla, California, USA DA - 04.03.2018 KW - Process Monitoring KW - Process Control KW - Flow Cell KW - Online NMR Spectroscopy KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - CONSENS PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-444364 N1 - Geburtsname von Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin: Bornemann, M. - Birth name of Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin: Bornemann, M. AN - OPUS4-44436 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lange, Thorid T1 - HARFE: Haftfestigkeit Reproduzierbarkeit Festigkeit „Nanoskalige Haftvermittler zur Erhöhung der Haft- bzw. Klebfestigkeit unter Verwendung von ALD-Hybridprozessen“ N2 - Das Poster „HARFE: Haftfestigkeit Reproduzierbarkeit Festigkeit“ widmet sich den nanoskaligen Haftvermittlern zur Erhöhung der Haft- bzw. Klebfestigkeit unter Verwendung von ALD-Hybridprozessen. T2 - Netzwerksymposium “Schützen und Veredeln von Oberflächen”, Wildau CY - TH Wildau, Germany DA - 01.03.2018 KW - Verbundfestigkeit KW - Oberflächenenergie KW - ALD-Beschichtung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44399 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kulla, Hannes T1 - In situ investigations of a mechanochemical cocrystal formation by X-ray diffraction in two different milling jars N2 - We present an in situ PXRD investigation of the mechanochemical cocrystal formation of pyrazinamide with pimelic acid in two milling jar materials. DFT calculations of the two synthesized polymorphs suggest that the relative stability is based on a conformation change of pyrazinamide in the cocrystal. T2 - 3. BAM-BfR Workshop CY - Berlin, Adlershof, Germany DA - 15.02.2018 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Cocrystal KW - Polymorph KW - In situ XRD KW - DFT PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44315 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina T1 - Research and reconstruction of historic gold mosaics N2 - A research project of reconstructing historical gold mosaics deals with reconstructing weatherproof gold and silver mosaics according to historical models. The gold mosaics examinded originate mainly from germany from 1880 to 1920 and are composed of three parts. They consist of a matching support glass, the gold or silver layer and a cover glass. By examining the morphology and layer thicknesses with the ESEM, and using chemical analysis with the EDX, the relationship of glass composition and damage patterns was established. The glass analysis provided quantitative composition data and made it possible to determine its chemical stability. It supplied the basis for calculating glass characteristics and was referred to when casting suitable historical mosaic glass. The analysis of the qualitative composition of the gold and silver layers also served as a model for reconstruction. After testing selected reconstructed gold mosaics in the climate chamber, the ESEM was used for capturing leaching and other process data and the glass composition was optimized accordingly. Over 100 predominantly historical gold mosaics were analyzed and the results entered into a database which can now be consulted for comparative investigations to determine both origin and date. T2 - What comes to mind when you hear mosaics, conserving mosaics from ancient to modern CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 15.10.2017 KW - Gold mosaics KW - Leaching process KW - Composition KW - Database PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43216 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hiller, Th. A1 - Costabel, S. A1 - Müller-Petke, M. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Evaluation of different laboratory NMR devices in a tripartite round robin test N2 - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a well established laboratory / borehole method to characterize the storage and transport properties of rocks due to its direct sensitivity to the corresponding pore fluid saturation (water or oil) and pore sizes. For petrophysical applications there are several different NMR laboratory devices commercially available varying over a wide range of e.g. magnetic field strength / frequency (2 MHz to 30 MHz), applicable measurement protocols (T1, T2, T1-T2, T2-D, etc.) and sample sizes (2.5 cm to 10 cm in diameter). In this work we present NMR measurements, layed out in a round robin like manner, on a set of 20 sandstone samples. We use three different NMR devices containing two standard setups with homogenous magnetic fields (LIAG and RWTH) and one single-sided setup with gradient field (BGR) to measure T1 and T2 relaxation data. In our evaluation we especially focus on the comparison of the individually inverted relaxation time distributions to quantify the differences arising from different laboratory setups. Diverging results can be deduced on the one hand to the inherit differences between homogeneous and gradient fields but on the other hand also due to quality differences between the two homogeneous setups. Additionally, we also examine the influence of the individually chosen inversion parameters (signal processing, distribution sampling points, error weighting, regularization, etc.) to establish a general standardized best practice recommendation for future petrophysical NMR laboratory measurements. T2 - 77. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 27.03.2017 KW - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance KW - Sandstone PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43244 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüth, Peter T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Ringversuchsprogramm für die Chemikaliensicherheit – Methodenvalidierung N2 - Bei der Bewertung der Verlässlichkeit der im Labor gewonnenen Prüfergebnisse spielen Ringversuche eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) unterstützt deshalb den weiteren Ausbau des Ringversuchsprogramms des im Jahr 2007 gegründeten Kompetenzzentrums zur Qualitätssicherung für Prüfungen von Gefahrgütern und Gefahrstoffen auf physikalische Gefahren (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, CEQAT-DGHS). Bei allen bisher untersuchten Prüfmethoden besteht ein Verbesserungsbedarf. Die RV müssen daher zunächst auf die Methodenentwicklung, -verbesserung und -validierung und auf die Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit der jeweiligen Prüfmethode abzielen und nicht auf Leistungstests. T2 - 13. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit CY - Köthen, Germany DA - 16.11.2017 KW - Gefahrgut KW - Gefahrstoff KW - Ringversuch KW - Prüfmethode KW - Validierung KW - Qualitätssicherung PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43301 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. T1 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures on steel for tribological applications N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) can be generated by irradiation of almost any material with linearly polarized laser beams, particularly when using ultrashort laser pulses. Within this work, different types of steel were irradiated at optimized conditions for the processing of large surface areas. For these nanostructured surfaces, the coefficient of friction (COF) using different lubricants was determined and the corresponding wear tracks were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our experiments provide a qualification of the tribologicalperformance of the fs-LIPSS on different steel surfaces, which are relevant for technical applications. T2 - International Conference on Laser Ablation (COLA) CY - Marseille, France DA - 3.09.2017 KW - Femtosecond laser ablation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Tribology KW - Friction and wear KW - Steel PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42358 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. T1 - LiNaBioFluid Laser-induced nanostructures as biomimetic model of fluid transport in the integument of animals N2 - Laser-induced Nanostructures as Biomimetic Model of Fluid Transport in the Integument of Animals”, aims on laser-fabrication of biomimetic surfaces with unique wetting properties, which are inspired by the hierarchical micro- and/or nano- structures of animal body surfaces. LiNaBioFluid is a Research and Innovation Action funded by the European Commissions’ Horizon 2020 - FET Open Programme, which supports early-stage research on any idea for a new technology (Grant Agreement no: 665337). It brings together 7 partners from 4 different countries and is strongly interdisciplinary combining renowned experts from the fields of zoology, physics, mechatronics, life sciences, materials sciences, laser-matter interaction, production technology, tribology, and biomimetics. www.laserbiofluid.eu/ T2 - Science Sets Sail CY - Baltic Sea DA - 2.08.2017 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - EU H2020 project KW - Biomimetics KW - Wetting KW - Tribology KW - Friction and wear KW - Laser ablation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42359 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulte, Petra T1 - Kritische Bewertung der Prüfergebnisse in chemikalienrechtlichen Verfahren: Wie agiert die Behörde? Welche Folgen haben die Ergebnisse für die Rechtsetzung? N2 - Mit nicht-konformen oder schlecht dokumentierten Prüfergebnissen können weder Behörden noch Unternehmen etwas anfangen. Belastbare und eindeutige Informationen aus den Registrierungsdossiers sind entscheidend, damit industrielle und gewerbliche Verwender der Stoffe das Gefahrenpotenzial einschätzen und ggf. Maßnahmen zum Schutz von Menschen und Umwelt treffen können. Darüber hinaus benötigen die Behörden verlässliche Daten aus den Registrierungen, um ihrer Verantwortung bei der Identifizierung regulierungsbedürftiger Stoffe nachkommen zu können. T2 - 13. Fachtagung "Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit" CY - Köthen, Germany DA - 16.11.2017 KW - Prüfmethoden KW - Einstufung KW - REACH KW - CLP KW - Registrierungsdossiers KW - SIEF KW - Qulitätssicherung KW - IUCLID KW - ECHA KW - OECD PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43081 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Griepentrog, Michael T1 - Size effects in electrodeposited Ni-coatings N2 - Polycrystalline Ni materials with grain sizes less than 100 nm (nano crystalline NC) and with grain sizes in the micrometer range (micro crystalline MC) in form of thin films have become important in many technologies due to their improved physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Usual the mechanical properties of such coatings are described by a Hardness value and a Young´s modulus measured by Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT).The behavior of such coatings during indentation test is influenced by different size effects having their representative length scale – grain size, coating thickness, length that characterizes the depth dependence of the hardness (Indentation Size Effect ISE). To estimate realistic values for the intrinsic coating Hardness and Young´s modulus all size effects have to be considered. For this work thin nano crystalline Ni – coatings (average grain size 30 nm) with thickness from 1 μm to 5 μm were electrodeposited on brass substrates. Indentation tests in the continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) mode were provided on as prepared Ni – coatings using a G200 Nanoindentation system (Fa. Keysight). For estimation of the intrinsic hardness of the coatings from composite hardness values calculated from the measured force –displacement curve using the Oliver & Pharr method, the model described by Z.S. Ma [1] was used. It was found that the experimental data can be well described by the model. The fitted values for the intrinsic hardness and the fitting parameters will be given. The different values of intrinsic hardness and of length characterizing depth dependence of the hardness for different coating thickness are discussed as results of changes in the coating structure because of changes in deposition parameters. [1] Z.S. Ma, Y.C. Zhou, S.G. Long, C. Lu: On the intrinsic hardness of a metallic film/substrate system: Indentation size and substrate effects. International Journal of Plasticity 34 (2012) 1-11. This work is supported by European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) (JRP 14IND03 Strength – ABLE) T2 - Conference: Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development CY - Dubrovnik, Croatia DA - 01.10.2017 KW - Size effect KW - Substrate effect KW - Electrodeposited Ni - coatings KW - Instrumented indentation testing PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42664 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai T1 - Localized laser dispersing of titanium-di-boride with pulsed fiber laser N2 - In this paper, titanium-di-boride is dispersed on a cold-working tool steel by use of a pulsed fiber laser with high beam quality to produce separated and elevated surface features. The potential to adjust the geometry as well as the mechanical properties of the produced structures in dependence on the process parameters (pulse power, pulse duration) is described by means of metallographic and topographical investigations. It can be ascertained that very hard (hardness > 1000 HV1) surface features of different shape (spots and short lines) can be produced. They are characterized by a fine-grained microstructure resulting from a rapid solidification and finely dispersed TiB2 particles. Finally, the paper proposes different applications for this structuring technique. T2 - ICALEO 2017 - International congress on applications of lasers & electro-optics CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 22.10.2017 KW - Laser dispersing KW - Titanium-di-boride KW - Surface structuring KW - Laser implantation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Myrach, Philipp A1 - Ziegler, Mathias T1 - Online Laser-thermografische Rissprüfung an Stahl bei hohen Temperaturen N2 - Die Detektion bzw. Charakterisierung von Oberflächenrissen in Stahl ist eine herausfordernde Aufgabe für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn eine solche Prüfung bereits während der Produktion selbst erfolgen soll. Die hier vorgefundenen Randbedingungen, wie z.B. die hohen Probentemperaturen (>700°C) oder Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten von bis zu 0,9 m/min, machen die Anwendung etablierter und vor allem berührender ZfP-Methoden praktisch meist unmöglich. Laser-thermografische Verfahren können hier eine Alternative bieten, da sie berührungslos und schnell arbeiten. Wir stellen die Ergebnisse einer Weiterentwicklung der Laser-thermografischen Prüfung vor, bei der die Anwendbarkeit bzw. die Übertragbarkeit der Methode auf die Bedingungen der Stahlproduktion untersucht wurde. Neben der Simulation der Produktionsbedingungen im Labor und der experimentellen Untersuchung der entscheidenden Einflussgrößen, wurden umfangreiche FEM-Simulationen durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe dieser theoretischen und experimentellen Ergebnisse wurde das Verfahren auch hinsichtlich der Analyse-Algorithmen weiterentwickelt, um eine zuverlässige und schnelle In-Line Prüfung während des Produktionsprozesses zu ermöglichen. Um zudem die Fähigkeiten der Thermografiekamera für schnelle online-Messungen und ihre Integrierbarkeit in verschiedene Anwendungssysteme zu verbessern, wurde die für die Verarbeitung der Detektordaten erforderliche Non-Uniformity Correction der Pixeldaten auf schneller Spezialhardware innerhalb der Kamera implementiert. T2 - Thermografie-Kolloquium 2017 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.09.2017 KW - Rissprüfung KW - Laserthermografie KW - Thermografie KW - Risse PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42922 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Wärmebehandlung und Korrosionsbeständigkeit druckaufgestickter nichtrostender Stähle N2 - Gefüge und Eigenschaften nichtrostender Stählen werden maßgeblich von ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Wärmebehandlung bestimmt. Eine spezielle Werkstoffgruppe der austenitischen nichtrostenden Stähle enthält ca. 19 Gew.-% Mangan und 0,8 Gew.-% Stickstoff, um das austenitische Gefüge ohne das Legieren mit Nickel sicherzustellen. Die herausragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Werkstoffe (Rm von 900 2.000 MPa, A5 > 50 %, Av > 350 J) werden nach der Wärmebehandlung (Lösungsglühen und Abschrecken) durch gezielte Kaltverfestigung eingestellt. Das Lösungsglühen beseitigt vorhandene Kaltverfestigung und unerwünschte Ausscheidungsphasen (Cr2N, M23C6 und Sigma-Phase) und bewirkt die homogene Verteilung der Legierungselemente (insbesondere Stickstoff) im Austenit. Dies ist zur Erzielung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit von entscheidender Bedeutung. Im Poster werden systematische Untersuchungen zur Korrosionsbeständigkeit dieser vielversprechenden Werkstoffklasse vorgestellt und die Interaktion zwischen Legierungszusammensetzung, Wärmebehandlung, Gefüge und Korrosionsbeständigkeit dargestellt. Insbesondere der Einfluss von Warmauslagerungsversuchen nach dem Abschrecken wird dabei charakterisiert. Die vom Gefüge bedingten Veränderungen der Korrosionsbeständigkeit werden durch verschiedene Methoden (EPR, KorroPad, Lochkorrosionspotentiale) ermittelt und interpretiert. T2 - Werkstoffwoche 2017 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.09.2017 KW - Wärmebehandlung KW - Korrosion KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - EPR KW - KorroPad KW - Sensibilisierung KW - Stickstoff KW - ThermoCalc PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42831 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dieck, S. A1 - Ecke, M. A1 - Harnisch, K. A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Gefüge- und Phasenanalyse biokompatibler Co-Cr-Mo-Legierung N2 - Co-Cr-Mo-Werkstoffe sind im Bereich der Biomaterialien weit verbreitet und werden für Endoprothesen eingesetzt. Deren Lebensdauer ist jedoch durch tribologische und korrosive Dauerbelastung begrenzt. Um die Anzahl operativer Eingriffe am Patienten zu minimieren, ist es notwendig den Werkstoff hinsichtlich Verschleißbeständigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit zu optimieren. Hierfür ist ein umfassendes Verständnis der legierungsabhängigen Phasenbildung und –entwicklung während Herstellung und Wärmebehandlung notwendig. An einer speziellen Co-Cr-Mo Legierung werden verschiedene Untersuchungen zur Gefügecharakterisierung durchgeführt. Dabei werden die auftretenden Phasen thermodynamisch berechnet, mittels XRD nachgewiesen, die Phasenmorphologie durch EBSD analysiert, die Elementverteilung durch EDX-Analyse ermittelt und die Ergebnisse durch Farbätzen verifiziert. Das Ziel der Untersuchungen ist es, Optimierungspotentiale bei Herstellung und Wärmebehandlung zu identifizieren. T2 - Werkstoffwoche 2017 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.09.2017 DA - 29.09.2017 KW - CoCrMo KW - Gefüge KW - ThermoCalc KW - EBSD KW - Farbätzen PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42832 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, C. T1 - Wärmebehandlung und Korrosionsbeständigkeit druckaufgestickter nichtrostender Stähle N2 - Gefüge und Eigenschaften nichtrostender Stählen werden maßgeblich von ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Wärmebehandlung bestimmt. Eine spezielle Werkstoffgruppe der austenitischen nichtrostenden Stähle enthält ca. 19 Gew.-% Mangan und 0,8 Gew.-% Stickstoff, um das austenitische Gefüge ohne das Legieren mit Nickel sicherzustellen. Die herausragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Werkstoffe (Rm von 900 2.000 MPa, A5 > 50 %, Av > 350 J) werden nach der Wärmebehandlung (Lösungsglühen und Abschrecken) durch gezielte Kaltverfestigung eingestellt. Das Lösungsglühen beseitigt vorhandene Kaltverfestigung und unerwünschte Ausscheidungsphasen (Cr2N, M23C6 und Sigma-Phase) und bewirkt die homogene Verteilung der Legierungselemente (insbesondere Stickstoff) im Austenit. Dies ist zur Erzielung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit von entscheidender Bedeutung. Im Poster werden systematische Untersuchungen zur Korrosionsbeständigkeit dieser vielversprechenden Werkstoffklasse vorgestellt und die Interaktion zwischen Legierungszusammensetzung, Wärmebehandlung, Gefüge und Korrosionsbeständigkeit dargestellt. Die vom Gefüge bedingten Veränderungen der Korrosionsbeständigkeit werden durch verschiedene Methoden ermittelt und interpretiert. T2 - GfKORR-Jahrestagung 2017 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 07.11.2017 KW - Wärmebehandlung KW - Korrosion KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - EPR KW - KorroPad KW - Sensibilisierung KW - Stickstoff KW - ThermoCalc PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42833 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Sensibilisierungsverhalten vom nichtrostenden Lean-Duplexstahl 1.4062 N2 - Der nichtrostende Lean-Duplexstahl 1.4062 (X2CrNiN22-2) verbindet die hohe Festigkeit des Ferrits mit der Duktilität und Zähigkeit des Austenits in einem zweiphasigen Gefüge mit sehr hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Die höchste Korrosionsbeständigkeit wird erreicht, wenn das ferritisch-austenitische Gefüge frei von weiteren Sekundärphasen ist. Dies wird durch ein gezieltes Lösungsglühen bei 1050 °C mit anschließender Abschreckung in Wasser erreicht. Durch thermische Beeinflussung (z.B. beim Schweißen) können Sekundärphasen ausgeschieden und die Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Werkstoffs gesenkt werden. Dies wurde durch eine isotherme Warmauslagerung bei 500 °C bis 900 °C für 0,1 h bis zu 72 h simuliert. Die Veränderung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit wurde mit dem DL-EPR-Verfahren und durch die angepasste KorroPad-Prüfung ermittelt. Die ermittelten Anfälligkeitsbereiche wurden miteinander Verglichen und in zwei Sensibilisierungsschaubildern zusammengefasst. T2 - GfKORR-Jahrestagung CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 07.11.2017 KW - Duplexstahl KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - Wärmebehandlung KW - Korrosion KW - EPR KW - KorroPad KW - Sensibilisierung PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42834 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kulla, Hannes T1 - In situ PXRD monitoring of a mechanochemical cocrystal formation in milling jars of different material N2 - We present an in situ PXRD investigation of the mechanochemical cocrystal formation of pyrazinamide with pimelic acid in two milling jar materials. In the steel jar a polymorph transformation presenting an exception of Ostwald’s rule of stages is observed. T2 - BESSY User Meeting 2017 CY - Bessy II (HZB), Berlin, Germany DA - 14.12.2017 KW - In situ KW - XRD KW - Polymorph KW - Cocrystal KW - Milling PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43502 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kormunda, M. T1 - Study of magnetron sputtering deposited ultrathin FeSnOx films for Surface Plasmon Resonance sensors towards gas sensing applications N2 - In this study, series of coatings with the goal of sensitising gold SPR sensors towards CO, NH4, etc. were prepared. To better understand the mechanism behind the sensitizing effect and to enable the targeted production of optimized layers, the wide range of coatings was studied by multiple methods from spectroscopic ellipsometry for their dielectric function, by XPS for chemical composition and SEM, TEM to determine their microscopic structure. The coatings were deposited at inert Ar gas and reactive Ar/O2 gas mixture by RF magnetron sputtering or DC pulsed magnetron sputtering with settable RF bias on the substrates. The plasma processes were monitors by mass spectrometry. The metal oxide coatings in SPR sensors have to be prepared reproducible with thickness about 5 nm therefore lower deposition rate conditions were advantages. T2 - THE 14th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SPUTTERING & PLASMA PROCESSES,ISSP 2017 CY - Kanazawa, Japan DA - 05.07.2017 KW - Surface Plasmon Resonance KW - Magnetron sputtering KW - FeSnOx PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43536 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - In situ investigations of mechanochemical reactions - new insights in formation pathways N2 - Mechanochemistry is increasingly used for synthesizing soft matter materials including metal organic compounds and cocrystals. The ever-increasing interest in this method is contrasted by a limited mechanistic understanding of the mechanochemical reactivity and selectivity. Time-resolved in situ investigations of milling reactions provide direct insights in the underlying mechanisms. We recently introduced a setup enabling in situ investigation of mechanochemical reactions using synchrotron XRD combined with Raman spectroscopy. The specific combination allows to study milling processes comprehensively on the level of the molecular and crystalline structure and thus obtaining reliable data for mechanistic studies. In situ Raman spectroscopy coupled with thermography revealed a low temperature increase during milling reactions due to the mechanical impact and clear temperature increases because of the reaction heat. Based on the data, temperature rises as postulated in the magma plasma and hot spot theory can be excluded for soft matter milling syntheses. Our results indicate that in situ investigation of milling reactions offer a new approach to tune and optimize mechanochemically synthesized compounds. T2 - Wissenschaftsforum Chemie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.09.17 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43563 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kelly, U. A1 - Richter, S. A1 - Schladitz, K. A1 - Scheuerlein, C. T1 - Nb3Sn wire shape and cross sectional area inhomogeneity in Rutherford cables N2 - During Rutherford cable production the wires are plastically deformed and their initially round shape is distorted. Using X-ray absorption tomography we have determined the 3D shape of an unreacted Nb3Sn 11 T dipole Rutherford cable, and of a reacted and impregnated Nb3Sn cable double stack. State-of-theart image processing was applied to correct for tomographic artefacts caused by the large cable aspect ratio, for the segmentation of the individual wires and subelement bundles inside the wires, and for the calculation of the wire cross sectional area and shape variations. The 11 T dipole cable cross section oscillates by 2% with a frequency of 1.24 mm (1/80 of the transposition pitch length of the 40 wire cable). A comparatively stronger cross sectional area variation is observed in the individual wires at the thin edge of the keystoned cable where the wire aspect ratio is largest. T2 - 13th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity, EUCAS 2017 CY - Geneva, Switzerland DA - 17.09.2017 KW - X-ray computer tomography KW - Image processing KW - Superconducting KW - CERN KW - µCT PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43493 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heilmann, Maria T1 - Real Time In Situ Study of Simvastatin Crystallization on Levitated Droplets N2 - In this contribution we describe an in-situ study of the crystallization of simvastatin in three solvents. The studies were carried out by solvent evaporation at the µSpot beamline using acoustically levitated solution droplets in combination with simultaneous X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and imaging analysis. T2 - 10th Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2018 KW - Crystallization KW - Simvastatin KW - In-Situ Characterization PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46965 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akhmetova, Irina T1 - Mechanochemical synthesis of metal phosphonates N2 - The exploration of metal phosphonates chemistry has gained great interest during the last decades, because of their structural diversity. Transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates for an application as electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Here, we present the in situ investigation of mechanochemical syntheses of different manganese phosphonates by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Nitrilotri(methylenephosphonic acid) and N,N-Bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine were chosen as ligands. The liquid-assisted milling process can be divided into three steps, including an amorphous stage. One of the products has not been obtained by classical solution chemistry before. These metal phosphonates and/or their derivatives are considered to be active in electrochemical energy conversion. The verification of their applicability is one of the topics of our resent research. T2 - Fundamental Bases of Mechanochemical Technologies CY - Novosibirsk, Russia DA - 25.06.2018 KW - Metal phosphonates KW - Mechanochemistry KW - PXRD KW - Thermography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46996 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Haferkamp, Sebastian T1 - In situ investigation of mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensations of benzaldehyde derivates N2 - Mechanochemistry is known for short reaction times, nearly quantitative conversions, and decreasing amount of solvents. Among organic syntheses, the Knoevenagel condensation is an important C-C bond forming reaction. We investigated the reaction of benzaldehyde derivates (nitro- and fluoro-derivates) with malononitrile syntheses by a combination of different in situ investigation techniques. T2 - BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2018 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akhmetova, Irina T1 - In situ investigation of milling reactions and structure determination of the products using X-ray diffraction N2 - Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. By milling the reactants, various organic, inorganic, and metal-organic compounds can be obtained in high yields. Although mechanochemistry is widely used, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood making mechanochemical reactions difficult to predict. Metal phosphonates are metal-organic compounds accessible by grinding. Because of their structural diversity, the exploration of the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained considerable interest during the last decades. Transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates for an application as electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we present the in situ investigation of the mechanochemical synthesis of a manganese(II)-phosphonate by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and thermography. The product has not been obtained by classical solution chemistry before and its crystal structure was determined from PXRD data. The milling process can be divided into different steps, with the product crystallization corresponding with the highest temperature rise. The activity of this metal phosphonate towards OER was measured and is presented here. T2 - International School of Crystallography - 52nd Course: Quantum Crystallography CY - Erice, Italy DA - 1.06.2018 KW - Metal phosphonates KW - Mechanochemistry KW - PXRD KW - OER KW - Thermography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46998 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akhmetova, Irina T1 - In situ investigation of mechanochemical syntheses of manganese phosphonates with N-containing ligands N2 - Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. The exploration of the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained considerable interest during the last decades due to their structural diversity. We synthesized manganese phosphonates in milling reactions. The mechanochemical reactions were investigated in situ to reveal the underlying mechanisms. T2 - Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2018 KW - Metal phosphonates KW - Mechanochemistry KW - PXRD KW - In situ KW - Thermography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46999 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Breitfeld, Steffen T1 - High energy ball milling of a new representative of coordination polymers without organofluorine linkers N2 - Metal organic frameworks and coordination polymers play an important role in different fields of applications. Moreover, particularly fluorinated metal-organic frameworks (FMOFs) are in the focus of interest during the last years. In most cases, fluorine is implemented using perfluorinated organic linkers at the synthesis, usually performed by solvothermal synthesis. However, only few examples are known so far where fluorine is coordinated directly to the metal cation. Recently, we reported about mechanochemical syntheses and characterization of fluorine-containing coordination polymers of alkaline earth metals by milling M(OH) (M: Ca, Sr, Ba) with fluorinated benzene dicarboxylic acids 2 and we reported about mechanochemical syntheses of alkaline earth metal fluorides with ammonium fluoride. Now we are reporting about a combination of both synthesis routes. That is the first mechanochemical synthesis of coordination polymers where fluorine is coordinated directly to the metal cation. T2 - Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 30.11.2017 KW - Metal organic frameworks KW - Coordination polymer KW - Mechanochemical syntheses KW - Direct fluorine-metal bond KW - Alkaline earth metal PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-46898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pfretzschner, Beate T1 - Characterization of texture in SLM IN 718 samples using monochromatic neutron radiography N2 - Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers the opportunity to produce easier geometrically complex parts compared to traditional production technologies. An important AM technology for metals is selective laser melting (SLM) where a part is produced by melting and solidifying powder in layers. This technique is known to cause a pronounced texture in the produced AM products due to the specific heat flow and the associated solidification of the material during SLM deposition. In order to evaluate the influence of the deposition hatch length during SLM of nickel based superalloy Inconel 718 samples on the texture and in order to identify any preferred crystallographic direction, we performed monochromatic neutron radiography scans (using wavelength from 1.6 Å to 4.4 Å, step size 0.05 Å) to image the samples while rotating it through 90°. Samples produced with short hatch length showed fine textured columnar grains oriented along the sample building direction in high-resolution radiographs. Whereas processing the sample using a ten-fold longer hatch length reduced the texture. The neutron radiographic experiments were accompanied by scanning electron microscopy including electron back-scattered diffraction to visualize and verify the microstructure and texture. T2 - German Conference for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons and Ion Beams at Large Facilities CY - Garching, Germany DA - 17.09.2018 KW - Bragg-edge KW - Neutron KW - Texture KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47260 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kabelitz, Anke T1 - A02: In situ WAXS studies on the crystallization of Al 13 keggin clusters in water N2 - Polynuclear aluminium species (Al13 keggin cluster) find application in different areas like water purification [1], contaminant transport [2], and as pilling clays with high specific surface areas[3], due to their strong binding ability to aggregates and high positive charge. In the present contribution, we report on the in situ investigation of the Al13 sulfate synthesis by synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Al13 cluster were crystallized by precipitating hydrolyzed aluminum solutions by the addition of sodium sulfate. The measurements were performed using a custom-made acoustic levitator as sample holder. The study provides information about the intermediates during the crystallization process. From the data, a mechanism was derived indicating the influence of the crystallization process. T2 - Final Meeting of the CRC 1109 & Edith Flanigen Award Ceremony 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.10.2018 KW - Crystallization KW - WAXS KW - Keggin Cluster PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47005 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kratzig, Andreas T1 - Interaction of Reactive Components in CO2 Streams with Transport Pipeline Steel X70 N2 - In context of CLUSTER project, impacts of impurities (SO2, NO2, O2, CO, H2S, H2, N2, Ar and H2O) in CO2 streams captured from different sources in a regional cluster on transport, injection and storage were investigated. Corrosion studies of oxidizing, reductive or mixed atmospheres towards transport pipeline steel X70 were carried out applying high pressure (10 MPa) at low temperatures (278 K or 313 K). T2 - GHGT-14 Conference CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 22.10.2018 KW - Carbon capture KW - CCS KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Corrosion PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47017 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rütters, H. T1 - Combining CO2 Streams from Different Emitters – A Challenge For Transport And Storage Infrastructure N2 - The European Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of CO2 envisages an open access of CO2 streams from different emitters to a nation- or even EUwide CO2 pipeline network if CO2 stream compositions meet “reasonable minimum composition thresholds”. As of today it is not known how such “composition thresholds” may be defined and which impurity levels may be viable in practical application. To set up recommendations for criteria and respective threshold values for CO2 stream compositions, the project “CLUSTER” will investigate how a dynamic interplay – both in terms of mass fluxes and compositions – of CO2 streams from regionally clustered CO2 sources sharing a transport and storage infrastructure will impact corrosion, e.g., of pipelines and plant components, and geochemical alteration of cap rocks and reservoir rocks. In addition, the behaviour of such a highly dynamic CCS system will be considered for an overall optimization of system design including CO2 stream mixing schemes and facilities or interim CO2 storage. T2 - TCCS-8 – The 8th Trondheim Conference on CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 16.06.2015 KW - Carbon capture KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Corrosion KW - CCS PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-47018 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sommer, Konstantin T1 - Microstructure characterization of additive produced parts N2 - Due to the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM), it has been increasingly integrated into many industrial sectors. The application of AM materials for safety-critical parts requires the detailed knowledge about their microstructure stability under thermo-mechanical or mechanical load and knowledge on ageing process mechanisms. Ageing processes are characterized by change of the material microstructure that is to be initially investigated. This work deals with the Investigation of 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). Describing Parameters must be defined and applied on the microstructure of these materials in their initial state and after loads were applied. The findings of this work form the basis for the investigation of AM material ageing. T2 - FEMS Junior EUROMAT 2018 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Selective laser melting KW - 316L KW - Material characterization KW - Microstructure PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47176 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kiefer, P. T1 - Statistical analysis of Vickers induced subcritical crack growth in soda-lime silicate glasses N2 - Studies on Vickers induced subcritical crack growth are controversially discussed since the stresses that drive the crack growth are distributed three dimensionally within the material and cannot be retraced by available methods. Hence, empirical approaches are used to calculate mechanical material parameters such as the stress intensity factor KI. However, the results of these approaches show large deviations from those measured by standardized techniques such as double cantilever beam (DCB) or double cleavage drilled compression (DCDC). Yet, small specimen sizes and low specimen quantities can prevent the execution of DCB and DCDC measurements. Here we present an approach that is based on a statistical analysis of Vickers induced radial cracks. For this purpose more than 150 single radial cracks were analyzed. The cracks were generated in a commercial soda-lime silicate glass. The experiments were performed in a glovebox purged with dry nitrogen gas to minimize the influence of atmospheric water on crack growth. The temporally resolved evolution of the radial cracks was monitored in-situ using an inverted microscope equipped with a camera system directly below the Vickers indenter. An automated image analysis software was used to determine the crack length over time. The data show that the crack propagation and thereby the crack velocities are not uniformly but statistically distributed. These findings allow, using the statistical mean value of the distributions in combination with DCB data, a precise formulation of KI for each measured crack length. T2 - 92nd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Glass Technology in Conjunction with the Annual Meetings of the Czech Glass Society & the Slovak Glass Society CY - Bayreuth, Germany DA - 28.05.2018 KW - Crack growth KW - Soda-lime silicate glass KW - Vickers PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45703 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclęga, Damian A1 - Radziszewska, A. A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Dymek, S. T1 - Microstructure characterization of the Inconel 686 clad layer after high-temperature corrosion tests in aggressive gases and ashes N2 - The Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy is characterized by the excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance, good strength and ability to work in aggressive environments. To protect the surface of the substrate 13CrMo4-5 steel against aggressive environments the Inconel 686 as clad layer was used. The corrosion process was performed in oxidizing mixture of gases like O2, COx, SOx. The second part of corrosion Experiment concerned the corrosion test of the coating in reducing atmosphere of the specified gases with ashes, which contained e.g. Na, Cl, Ca, Si, C, Fe, Al. T2 - Junior EUROMAT 2018 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Laser Cladding KW - Inconel 686 KW - High temperature corrosion KW - Aggressive environement KW - Material oxidation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Even, Morgane T1 - Investigations on emission properties of VOCs from consumer products made of polymers N2 - There is a need for an assessment of the emission properties of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from consumer products. A method comparison was carried out to evaluate adapted and cost-effective procedures for such items. Smaller and automated emission chambers de-picted similar kinetics compared to a 203 L standard chamber. Toy samples made of PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) emitted more VOCs compared to other tested polymeric products. The emissions from 2 selected samples were studied to allow an evaluation of the resulting room concentration and external exposure of a child. Obtained concentrations were not of concern. T2 - Conference on Indoor Air 2018 CY - Philadelphia, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Emission chamber testing KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Consumer articles PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45662 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Heyn, A. A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - How to Detect Sensitivity on Aged Lean-Duplex Stainless Steel With Electrochemical Methods N2 - The influence of isothermal ageing on microstructure, sensitisation and pitting corrosion resistance of the lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) X2CrNiN23-4 was investigated with various electrochemical methods. The aging at 600 °C (from 0.1 h up to 20 h) lead to the formation of precipitations at the ferrite-ferrite (α/α) and ferrite-austenite (α/γ) grain boundaries, inducing sensitisation due to chromium depletion. The degree of sensitisation was evaluated with the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method (DL-EPR) according to ASTM G108 and correlated with critical pitting potentials (Epit) as well as critical pitting temperature (CPT) measured in an electrolyte according to ASTM G48 using electrochemical noise. Up to an ageing time of 1 h, the sensitisation did rise significantly, stabilising at a nearly constant level with a slight drop at 20 h. This behaviour correlated perfectly with the potentiodynamically determined pitting potentials Epit and sensitisation. The CPT showed a higher sensitivity at short ageing times compared to the DL-EPR and Epit. Finally, the KorroPad method was applied to visualise the sensitisation induced reduction of pitting corrosion resistance. The “KorroPad” is an agar-based gel-electrolyte containing 0.1 mol/l sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.1 mol/l potassium ferricyanide III (K3[Fe(CN)6]), invented at the Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing in Berlin (Germany) to detect surfaces of stainless steel prone to pitting corrosion. The standard configuration of the KorroPad showed no differentiation for the various aging conditions. Increasing the concentration of both NaCl and potassium ferrocyanide III to 0.5 M shifts the detection limit of the KorroPad method to stainless steels with higher corrosion resistance, producing the same trends detected by standard electrochemical pitting corrosion values (Epit, CPT) and sensitisation (DL-EPR). By that, the KorroPad method was successfully adjusted to the lean-duplex stainless steel X2CrNiN23-4, enabling short-time testing to detect sensitization. T2 - Electrochemical Methods in Corrosion Research 2018 CY - Cambridge, UK DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Corrosion testing KW - Duplex stainless steels KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Pitting corrosion KW - EPR KW - Electrochemical noise KW - Stainless steel PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Comparison of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Emission Test Chambers Using EN 717-1 and EN 16516 N2 - For many years EN 717-1 (Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method) is the standard for formaldehyde emission testing of wooden boards. In 2017 EN 16516 (Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air) was published as a new harmonised standard for the emission testing of construction products. Because test chamber conditions are different, both standards give different concentrations for formaldehyde. For the determination of a conversion factor four test series were set up with different wooden boards. T2 - Conference on Indoor Air CY - Philadelphia, PA, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Loading factor KW - Construction products KW - European standard KW - Air exchange rate PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Heat treatment and corrosion resistance of cutlery N2 - Hardness and pitting corrosion resistance are the major quality criteria of cutlery. Both are achieved by the heat treatment (austenitization, quenching and tempering) of the normally used martensitic stainless steels. The established quality control method regarding the pitting corrosion resistance is an alternating immersion test in 1 % NaCl solution at 60 °C according to DIN EN ISO 8442. This standard test shows a high deviation, which limits any optimization of the heat treatment process. New approaches for corrosion testing of martensitic stainless-steels were developed and used in the last years to connect the weak pitting corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless-steels with the phenomenon of chromium depletion. The tempering temperatures used in the industrial heat treatment of cutlery are too low to explain the appearance of chromium depletion. For this reason, a systematic investigation of three heat treatment parameters (austenitization time, cooling speed and tempering temperature) were performed on the martensitic stainless-steels X50CrMoV15 (1.4116) to detect their contribution to chromium depletion. The electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR), which is very sensitive to any change of the microstructure, was used to quantify the degree of chromium depletion. The KorroPad indicator-test was applied to correlate low pitting corrosion resistance to the presence of chromium depletion. The results of all investigations allow conclusions about the very small process window, which is necessary to achieve cutlery with high pitting corrosion resistance. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Heat treatment KW - EPR KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Martensitic stainless steels KW - REM PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45952 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Kauss, N. T1 - Visualization of material-related susceptibility to pitting corrosion with the “KorroPad” indicator test N2 - The KorroPad indicator test was invented at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing to detect stainless-steel surfaces susceptible to pitting corrosion. The KorroPad indicator test is thus an interesting alternative for manufacturers, processors, users and researchers to time consuming exposition experiments and complex electrochemical investigations, which are normally used to reveal surface-related processing errors resulting in reduced pitting corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the KorroPad indicator test can be used to visualize alloy- and microstructure-related factors causing susceptibility to pitting corrosion. The detection limit of the KorroPad indicator test was characterized in this work using reference alloys with different chromium content (5 % to 18 %). The alloy-specific detection limit was shifted successfully to higher chromium content by increasing the concentrations of NaCl and K3[Fe(CN)6]. The modified KorroPads can now be used to establish an alloy-specific quality control regarding the pitting corrosion resistance of different stainless steel grades. T2 - EUROCORR CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Corrosion testing KW - Pitting corrosion PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45953 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Roßberg, S. A1 - Pensel, P. A1 - Halle, T. A1 - Burkert, A. T1 - Precipitation behavior and corrosion resistance of nickel-free, high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels N2 - Nickel-free, nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless-steels, with about 19 wt.-% Mn and 0,8 wt. % N, are an interesting alternative to classic CrNi austenitic stainless steels due to their superior mechanical properties (Rm > 900 MPa, A5 > 50 %, Av > 350 J) in the solution annealed condition. The formation of chromium-rich nitrides during suboptimal heat treatment, processing or application leads to an inhomogeneous distribution of alloying elements in the microstructure, which reduces the corrosion resistance. Consequently, an accurate knowledge of the sensitization behavior is indispensable for the use of nickel-free, high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels. The relationship between artificial aging, phase formation and corrosion resistance was investigated on the alloys X8CrMnN18-19 (1.3815) and X8CrMnMoN18-19-2 (1.4456), both alloyed with 0,8 wt.-% Nitrogen, in the present work. The microstructural evolution was studied by LM and SEM while the corrosion resistance was characterized with the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) and the KorroPad indicator-test. Both alloys showed increased corrosion susceptibility within critical aging parameters. Finally, a sensitization diagram was described successfully for both alloys showing the positive effect of molybdenum. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Heat treatment KW - ThermoCalc KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Nitrogen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45954 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Age-hardening behaviour, microstructure and corrosion resistance of the copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 N2 - The copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 (X5CrNiCuNb16-4) is used in different areas due to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Strength and corrosion re-sistance can be adjusted by the heat treatment, which is of importance for the application of this alloy. The mechanical properties (strength and hardness) are attributed to the dispersive precipitation of the copper rich ε–Phase. The additional precipitation of chromium carbides can reduce the corrosion resistance. Different ageing states were produced to investigate the precipitation behaviour with various methods. Furthermore, the influence of cold-rolling on the precipitation behaviour was studied in comparison to a solution annealed state without deformation. The microstructure was studied by SEM and the variations of hardness and magnetic proportion were characterised. The electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) was used to determine the corrosion resistance and detect chromium depletion in all heat-treated states. The results show that a work hardening accelerates the precipitation rate, while ageing at 600 °C reduces the corrosion re-sistance due to chromium depletion. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - EPR KW - Corrosion testing KW - Heat treatment KW - ThermoCalc KW - REM KW - Martensitic stainless steels PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45955 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Collective Orientational Order and Phase Behavior of a Discotic Liquid Crystal under Confinement N2 - Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are a promising class of soft matter for electronic applications. This is due to their ability to self-organize into columns in a hexagonal columnar mesophase, driven by the overlapping of the π orbitals of their aromatic cores. This leads to a high charge-carrier mobility along the column axis. Embedding liquid crystals into nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) results in a 2D nanoconfinement of these materials. This confinement affects their properties, compared to the bulk, such as phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, molecular mobility, and crystallization. In this study, 2,3,6,7,10,11 hexakis[hexyloxy] triphenylene (HAT6) was confined into parallel aligned cylindrical nanopores of AAO membranes by melt infiltration. The membrane as confining hosts used have varying pore diameters, from 10 nm to 160 nm, covering a broad pore size range, thus, a better understanding of the confinement effect on phase behavior and molecular configuration in the pores. Furthermore, it is aimed to obtain axial ordering or to increase degree of axial ordering by chemically modifying the surfaces of the pores. Therefore, the pore surfaces the membranes were chemically modified, resulting in a more hydrophobic pore surface than the unmodified ones. The phase behavior was explored by a power-compensated DSC allowing the detecting of small changes in the phase behavior. In the literature, dielectric spectroscopy was demonstrated as a method to monitor molecular order inside the pores. Here, we also investigate the collective orientational order, corresponding to dominating molecular ordering, by dielectric spectroscopy. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussles, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Confined Columnar Liquid Crystals PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Molecular dynamics of an asymmetric PVME/PS Blend investigated by broadband dielectric and specific heat spectroscopy N2 - Over the past decades research on the molecular dynamics of miscible polymer blends are of topical interest in the literature, in an attempt to understand the segmental mobilty of individual components, as it is affected by blending. In general, miscible polymer blends exhibit a complex behavior of the molecular mobility. For an A/B blend the relaxation times of component A and component B are affected by the spatial local compositional heterogeneity, present in binary systems on a microscopic level, regardless of the macroscopic homogeneity. Here, a combination of broadband dielectric and specific heat spectroscopy was employed to study the dynamically asymmetric PVME/PS blend with seven different compositions, focusing on samples with high PS contents. Considering that PS is dielectrically invisible, BDS is a powerful technique to study the response of PVME, as it is affected by PS segments. In this work the well-known binary relaxation times distribution of PVME in a blend, originating from the spatial local heterogeneity, was studied over ten decades in frequency, for the first time in literature. Secondly, one of the detected processes, α’-relaxation, shows a crossover from high-temperature behavior (system in equilibrium) towards a low temperature regime, where PS undergoes the thermal glass transition, resulting in confined segmental dynamics of PVME within a frozen network of PS. Here, we introduce a precise mathematical tool to distinguish between the temperature dependency regimes of the process, and examine the composition dependence of the crossover temperature, detected by dielectric spectroscopy. Moreover, the dielectric data was compared in detail with results obtained by specific heat spectroscopy. This comparison provides new insights in the dynamics and dynamic heterogeneity of the PVME/PS blend system. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Polymer blends KW - Dielectric spectroscopy KW - Specific heat spectroscopy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45917 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Molecular dynamics of dipole functionalized triphenylene-based discotics N2 - Since discovery of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs), consisting of a disklike rigid aromatic core and flexible alkyl chains attached to the core, dating back to Chandrasekhar’s work in 1977, they have been extensively investigated to reveal their fundamental properties and potential for applications. The researches on DLCs in last decades showed that DLCs can be considered as promising materials for organic electronic applications since they exhibit one dimensional high charge mobility along the column axis in a columnar mesophase. The mobilies of the rigid aromatic core and the flexible alkyl chains can influence their application properites, e.g. the charge carrier mobility, therefore, it needs to be explored in detailed. In this study, a series of dipole functionalized triphenylene-based discotics, forming a columnar mesophase, were investigated to reveal the influence of the functionalization on phase behavior, molecular dynamics and as well as conductivity. The molecular mobility of the discotics was probed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). In addition to conductivity and localized dynamics, glassy dynamics were also observed. The phase behavior of the material was explored by a power-compansated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Beside the phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, thermal glass transitions were found for all the materials. Moreover, the glassy dynamics were further investigated by Flash DSC, which is a chip-based calorimetry technique allows fast heating and cooling rates as high as 10000K/s. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussles, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Columnar liquid crystals PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45918 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Dynamics of nanoscopically confined PVME in thin films of an asymmetric miscible PVME/PS blend N2 - In recent years, substantial efforts have been devoted to investigating nanoscopic confinement of polymers, and its effect on glassy dynamics. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) was used to study the dynamics of ultra-thin films of PVME/PS 50/50 wt% blend, employing a novel nano-structured capacitor sample arrangement. The investigated system shows a complex dynamic behavior. First, an α-relaxation, related to a bulk-like layer was found. Second, an α’-relaxation was observed, characteristic for dynamically asymmetric blends, where the out of equilibrium dynamics is attributed to weakly-cooperative PVME segments relaxing within a frozen environment of PS segments. Third, for thinnest films, an Arrhenius-like process was dominant in the dielectric spectra, indicating localized fluctuations of the segments. Relaxation rates of this process resembled that of the degenerated α-relaxation of the adsorbed layer, found for pure PVME [1], thus it was assigned accordingly. For thinnest films, this process undergoes a further confinement, due to the topological constraints, introduced by PS. Such multiple confinement effect has not been reported for ultra-thin films of polymer blends, before this study [2]. [1] Madkour, S. et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 7535. [2] Madkour, S. et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 37289. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Polymer blends KW - Thin polymer films KW - Dielectric spectroscopy KW - Specific heat spectroscopy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45919 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -