TY - CONF A1 - Nguyen, Thi Yen A1 - Bernardes, C. A1 - Minas da Piedade, M. E. A1 - Rademann, K. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Direct evidence of polyamorphism in paracetamol N2 - While polymorphism is a common phenomenon in the crystallization processes of organic compounds, polyamorphism has gained importance only recently. Using sophisticated sample environments and applying in situ scattering methods and vibrational spectroscopy, the complete crystallization process of organic compounds from solution can be traced and characterized. Diffuse scattering from amorphous intermediates can be investigated by analyzing the atomic pair Distribution function (PDF) to gain further insights into molecular pre-orientation. The crystallization behavior of Paracetamol was studied exemplarily under defined, surface-free conditions. Based on the choice of the solvent, the formation of different polymorphs is promoted. The thermodynamically stable form I and the metastable orthorhombic form II could be isolated in pure form directly from solution. For both polymorphs, the crystallization from solution proceeds via a distinct amorphous precursor phase. PDF analyses of these different amorphous states indicate a specific pre-orientation of the analyte molecules introduced by the solvent. The resulting crystalline polymorph is already imprinted in these proto-crystalline precursors. Direct experimental evidence for the polyamorphism of paracetamol is provided. T2 - Annual CM1402 crystallize COST meeting CY - Coimbra, Portugal DA - 06.04.2016 KW - Paracetamol KW - Crystallization KW - In situ analysis KW - Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35873 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heilmann, Maria A1 - Bienert, Ralf A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Synthesis of bimetallic nickel nanoparticles as catalysts for the Sabatier reaction N2 - Nanoparticles (NP) have become important materials for a variety of chemical technologies. The enhanced surface-area-to-volume ratio of NPs, making them excellent for use as catalyst, in analytical assays, and for antimicrobial applications. Nickel NPs have exhibited immense potential as important catalyst for the Sabatier reaction, i.e. converting waste to energy via transformation of CO2 into CH4, and could replace the rare earth elements such as Ru, PT, or Rh. In this work we describe the solvothermal synthesis of monometallic and bimetallic nickel nanoparticles. Monodisperse monometallic Ni NPs were synthesized using Oleylamin as solvent and reducing agent. The nanoparticles were investigated using small angle scattering (SAXS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), showing that the NPs are stable while the surface is not entirely covered. However, Ni has a high propensity to undergo oxidation, and becoming deactivated by coke formation. Hence, we further explore the preparation of bimetallic NPs, where a second metal is added to stabilize the Ni. Bimetallic Cu-Ni NPs were synthesized by simultaneous solvothermal reduction. These bimetallic NPs exhibit excellent catalytic properties are promising candidates to be used as catalysts for efficient energy storage. T2 - 31. Tag der Chemie 2019 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.07.2019 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Catalysis KW - Synthesis PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50171 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heilmann, Maria A1 - Bienert, Ralf A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Synthesis of bimetallic nickel nanoparticles for catalysis N2 - We present the synthesis of monodisperse monometallic Ni nanoparticles (NPs) and bimetallic NiCu respectively NiCo NPs. The NPs were investigated using SAXS, STEM, EDX, and XANES, showing that the NPs are size tunable and stable while the surface is not entirely covered. Nickel NPs have exhibited immense potential as important catalyst for the Sabatier reaction, i.e. converting waste to energy via transformation of CO2 into CH4. T2 - 11th Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.12.2019 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Catalysis KW - Synthesis PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50172 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heilmann, Maria A1 - Bienert, Ralf A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Synthesis of bimetallic nickel nanoparticles as catalysts for the Sabatier reaction N2 - Nanoparticles (NPs) have become important materials for a variety of chemical technologies. The enhanced surface-area-to-volume ratio of NPs, making them excellent for use as catalyst, in analytical assays, and for antimicrobial applications. Nickel NPs have exhibited immense potential as important catalyst for the Sabatier reaction, i.e. converting waste to energy via transformation of CO2 into CH4, and could replace the rare earth elements such as Ru, PT, or Rh. In this work we describe the solvothermal synthesis of monometallic and bimetallic nickel nanoparticles. Monodisperse monometallic Ni NPs were synthesized using Oleylamin as solvent and reducing agent. The nanoparticles were investigated using small angle scattering (SAXS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), showing that the NPs are stable while the surface is not entirely covered. However, Ni has a high propensity to undergo oxidation, and becoming deactivated by coke formation. Hence, we further explore the preparation of bimetallic NPs, where a second metal is added to stabilize the Ni. Bimetallic Cu-Ni NPs were synthesized by simultaneous solvothermal reduction. These bimetallic NPs exhibit excellent catalytic properties are promising candidates to be used as catalysts for efficient energy storage. T2 - Adlershofer Forschungsforum 2019 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2019 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Catalysis KW - Synthesis PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50173 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Haferkamp, Sebastian A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Akhmetova, Irina A1 - Kulla, Hannes A1 - Rademann, K. T1 - Insights into the mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensation N2 - Mechanochemistry paves the way to simple, fast, and green syntheses, but there is a lack in understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we present a universal strategy for simultaneous real-time in situ analysis, combining X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and thermography. T2 - Bessy User Meeting 2019 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2019 KW - Mechanochemistry PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50122 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Colini, Claudia A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - A black ink by any other name...: Typologies of arabic inks and their detection limits N2 - In this poster we will present some results of a research projects dealing with Arabic recipes of black inks [1-2]. To improve conservation practices of Arabic manuscripts we have assessed the feasibility of the recipes collected from many Arabic sources on bookmaking and reproduced the most common inks. Ink samples were then artificially aged and analysed using an array of analytical techniques, mostly non-invasive, in order to build a database of Arabic inks and their ingredients and also to verify the detection limits of the portable equipment employed. We will show procedures and problems concerning the identification of ink types and ingredients using reflectography (in Vis, IR and UV), X-Ray Fluorescence, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The focus will be in particular on squid ink [3] and mixed inks – both in the form of carbon inks with the addition of tannins and of a mixture of carbon and iron gall inks – which are particularly difficult to detect [4]. We will also examine the results of iron gall inks made with iron filings or nails instead of vitriol, the various precursor used to extract gallic acid that are mentioned in the sources as surrogates of gall nuts. [1] A. Schopen, Tinten und Tuschen des arabisch-islamischen Mittelalters, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004 [2] S. Fani, Le arti del libro secondo le fonti arabe originali. I ricettari arabi per la fabbricazione degli inchiostri (sec. IX-XIII): loro importanza per una corretta valutazione e conservazione del patrimonio manoscritto, PhD thesis, Napoli: Università L’Orientale, 2013 [3] S. Centeno, J. Shamir Journal of Molecular Structure, 873 (2008), 149-159 [4] C. Colini et. al, Manuscript cultures, 11 (2018) 43-50 T2 - Jahrestagung „Archäometrie und Denkmalpflege 2019“ CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.09.2019 KW - Inks KW - Reflectography KW - XRF KW - Raman Spectroscopy KW - ATR PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50162 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilbig, Janka A1 - Borges de Oliveira, F. A1 - Schwentenwein, M. A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Quality Aspects of Additively Manufactured Medical Implants - Defect Detection in Lattice Parts N2 - Additive Manufacturing technologies are developing fast to enable a rapid and flexible production of parts. Tailoring products to individual needs is a big advantage of this technology, which makes it of special interest for the medical device industry and the direct manufacturing of final products. Due to the fast development, standards to assure reliability of the AM process and quality of the printed products are often lacking. The EU project Metrology for Additively Manufactured Medical Implants (MetAMMI) is aiming to fill this gap by investigating alternative and cost efficient non-destructive measurement methods. T2 - yCAM Forum CY - Mons, Belgium DA - 03.03.2019 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Metrology PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49141 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Artzt, K. A1 - Haubrich, J. A1 - Requena, G. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - New aspects about the search for the most relevant parameters optimizing SLM materials N2 - Using non-optimum combination of manufacturing parameters in selective laser melting (SLM) may lead to reduction of quality of component: defects generation, distortion of geometry and even cracking. Usually, the optimization of parameters is performed by changing volumetric energy density (Ev) and selecting parameters giving low porosity values. However, not only low porosity but also stable microstructure and low residual stresses will help to achieve advanced mechanical behavior of the component. In present work, we investigated cuboid-shaped Ti-6Al-4V samples produced with different manufacturing parameters. The parameters leading to the same Ev were considered as well as parameters which are not included in Ev. Residual stresses in subsurface region were investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, which allows to penetrate around 100 µm from the surface therefore overcome the problem of high roughness of SLM components without additional sample preparation. Only tensile stresses were found along the building direction, that can play critical role especially during cyclic loading. The pore shape and spatial distribution obtained by computed tomography varied for samples produced with the same Ev. However, by using some process parameters it was possible to decrease residual stresses and obtain uniform α+β Ti microstructure and relatively low porosity. Additionally, it was found that not included in Ev (e.g., base plate position, focus distance) should be considered as additional manufacturing parameters during SLM process. T2 - ESIAM 2019 CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Computed tomography KW - Residual stress PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49216 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fleck, M. A1 - Tielemann, Christopher A1 - Scheffler, F. A1 - Brauer, D. S. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Surface crystallization of BT0.75S (fresnoite) glass in different atmosphere N2 - Fresnoite glass with excess SiO2 exhibits oriented surface crystallization, in contrast to the stoichiometric glass composition. Recent EBSD studies documented that the crystals in BTS (2BaO-TiO2-xSiO2, x=0-3) can occur in a distinct [101]-orientation perpendicular to the surface and claimed that this orientation is not a result of growth selection. During these previous studies, however, the effect of surface preparation and surrounding atmosphere during the crystallization experiments were not considered. As these parameters may influence crystal orientation, we studied the surface crystallization of a BTS glass (2BaO-TiO2–2.75SiO2) under controlled conditions with the help of light, electron and polarisation microscopy as well as EBSD. Heat treatments for one hour at 840°C of fractured BTS glass surfaces in air resulted in a large number of not-separable surface crystals. This large number of crystals can be caused by dust particles, which act as nucleation agents. As crystal growth velocity could further be influenced by humidity, our experiments are performed in a filtered and dried air atmosphere. The crystal morphology and orientation will be analysed in dependence of the sample preparation and a differing surrounding atmosphere. T2 - 93rd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Glass Technology in Conjunction with the Annual Meeting of French Union for Science and Glass Technology (USTV) CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - BTS KW - Fresnoit KW - Glass ceramic KW - Glass-ceramic KW - Glass PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49294 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Busch, R. A1 - Tielemann, Christopher A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Patzig, C. A1 - Höche, T. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Characterization of early crystallization stages in surface-crystallized diopside glass-ceramics N2 - Structure formation in glass-ceramics by means of surface crystallization is a challenging open question and remains elusive to definite answers. In several glass-ceramic systems, oriented crystal layers have been observed at the immediate surface, including diopside and some fresnoite systems. However, it is still open to debate, whether oriented surface crystallization is the result of oriented nucleation or growth selection effects. In the same vein, there is still discussion whether surface nucleation is governed by surface chemistry effects or by defects serving as active nucleation sites. In order to help answer these questions, annealing experiments at 850°C have been performed on a MgO·CaO·2SiO2 glass, leading to the crystallization of diopside at the surface. Different annealing durations and surface treatment protocols (i.a. lapping with diamond slurries between 16 µm and 1 µm grain size) have been applied. Particular focus has been put on earliest crystallization stages, with crystal sizes down to about 200 nm. The resultant microstructure has been analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and two different kinds of textures have been observed, with the a- or b-axis being perpendicular to the sample surface and the c-axis lying in the sample plane. Even at shortest annealing durations, a clear texture was present in the samples. Additionally, selected samples have been investigated with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM-EDX). The diopside crystals have been found to exhibit distinguished submicron structure variations and the glass around the crystals was shown to be depleted of Mg. T2 - 93rd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Glass Technology in Conjunction with the Annual Meeting of French Union for Science and Glass Technology (USTV) CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - Glass KW - Crystallization KW - Diopside KW - EBSD KW - Orientation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49296 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Scanning White Light Interference Microscopy - Measurement of Topometry and Layer Thickness N2 - 3D coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) is anoptical, non-contact and rapide measurement technique using a defined bandwidth of white light at normal incidence. White light interference microscopy (WLIM) providest here-dimensional surface topometry data up to a resolution of 0.4 µm lateral and 0.1 nm vertical. Three operating modi, surface, films and advanced films, enable measurements of step heights, roughness, wear volume, cone angle, surface pattern and layer thickness. Traceability to SI system is ensured by certified standards (PTB/NIST) within a DAkkS DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018 accredited lab. T2 - EFDS, V2019, Vakuum und Plasma, WS 4, Beschichtungen für Werkzeuge & Bauteile CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 08.10.2019 KW - DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018 KW - Certified standards KW - White light interference microscopy(WLIM) KW - 3D coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) KW - Topometry PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49323 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Rades, Steffi A1 - Borghetti, P. A1 - Ortel, Erik A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Garcia, S. A1 - Gómez, E. A1 - Blanco, M. A1 - Alberto, G. A1 - Martra, G. T1 - Organic Surface Modification and Analysis of Titania Nanoparticles for Self-Assembly in Multiple Layers N2 - The characteristics of TiO2 coatings can greatly influence their final performance in large-scale applications. In the present study self-assembly of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in multiple layers was selected as a deposition procedure on various substrates. For this, the main prerequisite constitutes the surface modification of both NPs and substrate with e.g. silane coupling agents. A set of functionalized TiO2 NPs has been produced by reaction with either (3- aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) or (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid (APPA) to functionalize the NP surface with free amino-groups. Then, the complementary functionalized NP set can be obtained from an aliquot of the first one, through the conversion of free surface amino-groups to aldehydes by reaction with glutaraldehyde (GA). Several types of TiO2 NPs differing in size, shape and specific surface area have been functionalized. FTIR, TGA, SEM/EDS, XPS, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and ToF-SIMS analyses have been carried out to evaluate the degree of functionalization, all the analytical methods employed demonstrating successful functionalization of TiO2 NP surface with APTES or APPA and GA. T2 - European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis ECASIA 2019 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 15.09.2019 KW - TiO2 KW - Layer-by-layer deposition KW - Surface functionalization KW - P25 KW - Surface characterization PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49279 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Werner, Tiago A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Zerbst, Uwe T1 - Investigation on short crack propagation in additive manufactured steel N2 - The assessment of high cycle fatigue in additive manufactured (AM) components is a challenge due to complex microstructure, anisotropic material behavior, residual stresses and porosity / lack-of-fusion defects. Due to the statistical distribution of defects, a high scatter band of S-N-curves is expected. The fracture mechanics-based fatigue assessment of additive manufactured components must consider the propagation of short cracks emanating from defects. In this work, the fatigue crack propagation resistance in the short and large crack regimes of additive and conventionally manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel is examined experimentally based on the cyclic R-curve. However, remaining residual stresses in the AM specimen lead to unexpected and dramatic crack-growth during the pre-cracking procedure. T2 - Workshop on Additive Manufacturing CY - BAM Berlin, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - Fatigue crack growth KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - 316L KW - Cyclic R-curve KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion KW - AM KW - L-PBF PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49419 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin T1 - Microbial modelling of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (ME) using iron N2 - Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) are commonly found in the oil and gas environments. The formation of hydrogen sulfide (HS-) is particularly concerning for the petroleum industry due to its corrosiveness. However, the activities of SRB are limited to the concentration of sulfate present in the environment, whereas methanogens can utilize substrates such as H¬2 for methanogenesis. MA is commonly found in sulfate-free environments, such as deep sediments, and are known to form interspecies electron transfer relationships with SRB. Recently, SRB and MA capable of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by using elemental iron as a direct electron source (EMIC) have gained increased attention. On the iron surface, EMIC-SRB can outcompete EMIC-MA in the presence of sulfate, but this changes as sulfate depletes. The formation of FeS on the metal surface can be further utilized by MA for methanogenesis as it provides a conductive path. However, the possible kinetics involved of the overall process are currently unknown. We obtained a co-culture of EMIC-SRB and EMIC-MA to investigate the growth rates and electrical potential changes under different environmental conditions, including changes in pH, temperature and salinity. Results indicate that under neutral conditions and using iron as the sole substrate, methane production (up to 5 mM) starts after sulfate was depleted. Electrochemical measurements will be conducted on the co-culture under different conditions to determine the changes in the electrical potential in correlation with the sulfate and methane concentration. Fluorescence and electron microscope images of the biofilm structure will be used to visualize cell distribution and morphology. This study embarks the first step of understanding the relationship between EMIC-SRB and EMIC-MA. Such knowledge is important for the field of microbial electrophysiology and can be further explored for industrial applications. T2 - 7th International Symposium on Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology in Oil Systems (ISMOS-7) CY - Halifax, Canada DA - 18.06.2019 KW - MIC KW - Corrosion KW - FIB/SEM KW - Corrosion products KW - Bacteria KW - Archaea KW - Iron PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49420 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. A1 - Schwirn, K. A1 - Völker, D. T1 - Test Guideline on Particle Size and Size Distribution of Manufactured Nanomaterials N2 - The particle size distribution is considered the most relevant information for nanoscale property identification and material characterization. The current OECD test guideline on particle size and size distribution (TG 110) is not applicable to ‘nano-sized’ objects. In this project we thus develop a new OECD test guideline for the measurement of the size and size distribution of particles and fibers with at least one dimension in the nanoscale. A fiber is defined as an object having an aspect ratio of length/diameter l/d >3. The width and length of each fiber should be measured concurrently. In order to measure the particle size distributions, many techniques are available. 9 methods for particles and 2 methods for fibres have been tested in a prevalidation study and appropriate methods will be compared in an interlaboratory round robin test starting in February 2019. T2 - Workshop zur gemeinsamen Forschungsstrategie der Bundesoberbehörden „Nanomaterialien und andere innovative Werkstoffe: anwendungssicher und umweltverträglich“ CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.09.2019 KW - OECD KW - Nano KW - Guideline KW - Particle size distributuion KW - Prüfrichtlinie PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49507 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - von Werder, Julia A1 - Simon, Sebastian A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Hydrothermal Treatment of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: Mechanical Propertoes and Phase Composition N2 - The advantages of treating prefabricated components made of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UCPC) at 90 °C are largely recognized, while hydrothermal treatment at 185 °C and the corresponding saturation pressure of 1.1 MPa, in contrast, is not applied in building practice so far and was studied only by a few researchers. In the research presented, the parameters pre-storage-time before treatment and dwell time in the autoclave were systematically varied. The results illustrate in which way compressive strength increases with the duration of treatment. Already samples which were only heated up and immediately cooled down show an increase in strength compared to the 28-day reference of about 10 %. After 20 h the maximum increase of about 25 % is reached. Interestingly the compressive strength of samples treated very long hardly decreases. It can be therefore concluded that for the composition investigated the achievable mechanical strength is not severely sensitive regarding the duration of the treatment. Also, pre-storage times before autoclaving longer than 0.5 days showed no significant impact on strength development. The phase composition measured by XRD exhibits significant changes compared to the reference. The amount of ettringite and portlandite have vanished, the cement clinker phases are substantially decreased and hydroxylellestadite and hydrogarnet are formed as new phases. The increase in strength can be assigned to an improved pozzolanic and hydraulic reaction. Contradictory to literature, there was found no obermorite, a mineral which is known to be susceptible for disintegration at Long autoclaving duration. This explains why no significant strength loss appeared. T2 - 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement CY - Prague, Czech Republik DA - 16.09.2019 KW - Hydrothermal treatment KW - UHPC KW - Phase composition KW - Mechanical strength PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49469 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ziemann, M. A. A1 - Sigmund, Sandra A1 - Simon, Sebastian A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Insight into Concrete Deterioration with Raman Spectroscopy N2 - Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a serious Problem concerning the deterioration of concrete. This leads to significant maintenance and reconstruction costs for concrete infrastructures all over the world. The geographical regions, which play a major role in concrete deterioration, are for example coastal Areas or in general, areas with a high air humidity/salinity due to closeness of rivers or lakes. These exemplary results show, the application of Raman spectroscopy establishes a valuable approach for characterizing the chemical and structural composition of ASR-products. The results prove the potential to trace the kind of reaction products, developing in dependence on the aggregate and to follow up its local alteration from origin of the gel. T2 - 10th International Congress on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology (RAA2019) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 03.09.2019 KW - Building Materials KW - Alkali-silica-reaction KW - ASR KW - Raman Spectroscopy PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49471 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk A1 - Lausch, T. T1 - Issues and challenges in component welding of high strength fine-grained structural steels N2 - When assessing the performance of welded components residual stresses are vital. The possibilities of transferring the real boundary conditions of welding, which influence the residual stress, into the laboratory are highlighted in this contribution. The potentials of a test system specially developed for this purpose are demonstrated. The component design induces global process-, geometry- and material-dependent stresses, which can be simulated and quantified in the system. In addition, the resulting local residual stress distribution can be exactly determined with high spatial resolution with the aid of X-ray diffraction. Examples are presented of how the conditions to be found during production are simulated in the laboratory. T2 - AJP 2019 CY - Ponta Delgada, Azores (Portugal) DA - 24.10.2019 KW - Residual stress KW - Welding KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Creep-resistant steel KW - Large-scale test PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Colini, Claudia A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - A black ink by any other name...: Typologies of Arabic inks and their detection limits N2 - In this poster we will present some results of a research projects dealing with Arabic recipes of black inks. To improve conservation practices of Arabic manuscripts we have assessed the feasibility of the recipes collected from many Arabic sources on bookmaking and reproduced the most common inks. Ink samples were then artificially aged and analysed using an array of analytical techniques, mostly non-invasive, in order to build a database of Arabic inks and their ingredients and also to verify the detection limits of the portable equipment employed. First, we will provide an overview of the sources [1-2] employed in the study – dating from 9th to 14th century, although the manuscripts in which they can be found dates up to the 20th century – with an eye on the ink typologies (real and perceived by the compilers). Then we will show how, by reproducing the recipes, it was possible to shed light on some oddities in the procedures and the choice of ingredients. In the end we will discuss problems concerning the identification of ink types and ingredients using reflectography (in Vis, IR and UV), X-Ray Fluorescence, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The focus will be in particular on mixed inks – both in the form of carbon inks with the addition of tannins and of a mixture of carbon and iron gall inks – which are particularly difficult to detect [3]. We will also examine the results of iron gall inks made with iron filings or nails instead of vitriol and the various precursor used to extract gallic acid that are mentioned in the sources as surrogates of gall nuts. [1] A. Schopen, Tinten und Tuschen des arabisch-islamischen Mittelalters, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004 [2] S. Fani, Le arti del libro secondo le fonti arabe originali. I ricettari arabi per la fabbricazione degli inchiostri (sec. IX-XIII): loro importanza per una corretta valutazione e conservazione del patrimonio manoscritto, PhD thesis, Napoli: Università L’Orientale, 2013 [3] C. Colini et. al, Manuscript cultures, 11 (2018) 43-50 T2 - Technart 2019 CY - Bruges, Belgium DA - 07.05.2019 KW - Inks KW - Reflectography KW - XRF KW - Raman Spectroscopy KW - ATR PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50112 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - Puskar, Ljiljana A1 - Schade, U. A1 - Jaunich, Matthias A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Bär, Sylke T1 - Photolytically and Thermally Initiated Destruction on the Stability of (Ultra)High Molecular Polyethylene N2 - THz and mid IR spectroscopy of high-molecular PE (HMW) and ultra high-molecular PE (UHMW) reveals modifications of the molecular structure. Characteristic absorption bands are changed if the two materials are exposed by γ-Co60 radiation up to 600 kGy and subsequently stored at an annealing temperature of 398 K until for 729 days. UHMW-PE and HMW-PE behave differently during the ageing process because of their molecular weight and inherent structure distinctions. The spectroscopic data offer characteristic absorption bands, which have been used to describe the complete ageing process in more detail. For instance, the integral absorption in the B1u THz-region can be used to describe quantitatively the reduction of crystallinity. The formation of trans vinylene unsaturation and the decay of vinyl during ageing can be observed in detail in the mid IR range. T2 - 9th International Workshop on Terahertz Technology and Applications CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany DA - 03.03.2020 KW - Degradation KW - MID IR Spectroscopy PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50555 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -