TY - CONF A1 - Müller, C. T1 - Wärmebehandlung und Korrosionsbeständigkeit druckaufgestickter nichtrostender Stähle N2 - Gefüge und Eigenschaften nichtrostender Stählen werden maßgeblich von ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Wärmebehandlung bestimmt. Eine spezielle Werkstoffgruppe der austenitischen nichtrostenden Stähle enthält ca. 19 Gew.-% Mangan und 0,8 Gew.-% Stickstoff, um das austenitische Gefüge ohne das Legieren mit Nickel sicherzustellen. Die herausragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Werkstoffe (Rm von 900 2.000 MPa, A5 > 50 %, Av > 350 J) werden nach der Wärmebehandlung (Lösungsglühen und Abschrecken) durch gezielte Kaltverfestigung eingestellt. Das Lösungsglühen beseitigt vorhandene Kaltverfestigung und unerwünschte Ausscheidungsphasen (Cr2N, M23C6 und Sigma-Phase) und bewirkt die homogene Verteilung der Legierungselemente (insbesondere Stickstoff) im Austenit. Dies ist zur Erzielung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit von entscheidender Bedeutung. Im Poster werden systematische Untersuchungen zur Korrosionsbeständigkeit dieser vielversprechenden Werkstoffklasse vorgestellt und die Interaktion zwischen Legierungszusammensetzung, Wärmebehandlung, Gefüge und Korrosionsbeständigkeit dargestellt. Die vom Gefüge bedingten Veränderungen der Korrosionsbeständigkeit werden durch verschiedene Methoden ermittelt und interpretiert. T2 - GfKORR-Jahrestagung 2017 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 07.11.2017 KW - Wärmebehandlung KW - Korrosion KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - EPR KW - KorroPad KW - Sensibilisierung KW - Stickstoff KW - ThermoCalc PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42833 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Sensibilisierungsverhalten vom nichtrostenden Lean-Duplexstahl 1.4062 N2 - Der nichtrostende Lean-Duplexstahl 1.4062 (X2CrNiN22-2) verbindet die hohe Festigkeit des Ferrits mit der Duktilität und Zähigkeit des Austenits in einem zweiphasigen Gefüge mit sehr hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Die höchste Korrosionsbeständigkeit wird erreicht, wenn das ferritisch-austenitische Gefüge frei von weiteren Sekundärphasen ist. Dies wird durch ein gezieltes Lösungsglühen bei 1050 °C mit anschließender Abschreckung in Wasser erreicht. Durch thermische Beeinflussung (z.B. beim Schweißen) können Sekundärphasen ausgeschieden und die Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Werkstoffs gesenkt werden. Dies wurde durch eine isotherme Warmauslagerung bei 500 °C bis 900 °C für 0,1 h bis zu 72 h simuliert. Die Veränderung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit wurde mit dem DL-EPR-Verfahren und durch die angepasste KorroPad-Prüfung ermittelt. Die ermittelten Anfälligkeitsbereiche wurden miteinander Verglichen und in zwei Sensibilisierungsschaubildern zusammengefasst. T2 - GfKORR-Jahrestagung CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 07.11.2017 KW - Duplexstahl KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - Wärmebehandlung KW - Korrosion KW - EPR KW - KorroPad KW - Sensibilisierung PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42834 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kulla, Hannes T1 - In situ PXRD monitoring of a mechanochemical cocrystal formation in milling jars of different material N2 - We present an in situ PXRD investigation of the mechanochemical cocrystal formation of pyrazinamide with pimelic acid in two milling jar materials. In the steel jar a polymorph transformation presenting an exception of Ostwald’s rule of stages is observed. T2 - BESSY User Meeting 2017 CY - Bessy II (HZB), Berlin, Germany DA - 14.12.2017 KW - In situ KW - XRD KW - Polymorph KW - Cocrystal KW - Milling PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43502 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kormunda, M. T1 - Study of magnetron sputtering deposited ultrathin FeSnOx films for Surface Plasmon Resonance sensors towards gas sensing applications N2 - In this study, series of coatings with the goal of sensitising gold SPR sensors towards CO, NH4, etc. were prepared. To better understand the mechanism behind the sensitizing effect and to enable the targeted production of optimized layers, the wide range of coatings was studied by multiple methods from spectroscopic ellipsometry for their dielectric function, by XPS for chemical composition and SEM, TEM to determine their microscopic structure. The coatings were deposited at inert Ar gas and reactive Ar/O2 gas mixture by RF magnetron sputtering or DC pulsed magnetron sputtering with settable RF bias on the substrates. The plasma processes were monitors by mass spectrometry. The metal oxide coatings in SPR sensors have to be prepared reproducible with thickness about 5 nm therefore lower deposition rate conditions were advantages. T2 - THE 14th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SPUTTERING & PLASMA PROCESSES,ISSP 2017 CY - Kanazawa, Japan DA - 05.07.2017 KW - Surface Plasmon Resonance KW - Magnetron sputtering KW - FeSnOx PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43536 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - In situ investigations of mechanochemical reactions - new insights in formation pathways N2 - Mechanochemistry is increasingly used for synthesizing soft matter materials including metal organic compounds and cocrystals. The ever-increasing interest in this method is contrasted by a limited mechanistic understanding of the mechanochemical reactivity and selectivity. Time-resolved in situ investigations of milling reactions provide direct insights in the underlying mechanisms. We recently introduced a setup enabling in situ investigation of mechanochemical reactions using synchrotron XRD combined with Raman spectroscopy. The specific combination allows to study milling processes comprehensively on the level of the molecular and crystalline structure and thus obtaining reliable data for mechanistic studies. In situ Raman spectroscopy coupled with thermography revealed a low temperature increase during milling reactions due to the mechanical impact and clear temperature increases because of the reaction heat. Based on the data, temperature rises as postulated in the magma plasma and hot spot theory can be excluded for soft matter milling syntheses. Our results indicate that in situ investigation of milling reactions offer a new approach to tune and optimize mechanochemically synthesized compounds. T2 - Wissenschaftsforum Chemie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.09.17 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43563 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kelly, U. A1 - Richter, S. A1 - Schladitz, K. A1 - Scheuerlein, C. T1 - Nb3Sn wire shape and cross sectional area inhomogeneity in Rutherford cables N2 - During Rutherford cable production the wires are plastically deformed and their initially round shape is distorted. Using X-ray absorption tomography we have determined the 3D shape of an unreacted Nb3Sn 11 T dipole Rutherford cable, and of a reacted and impregnated Nb3Sn cable double stack. State-of-theart image processing was applied to correct for tomographic artefacts caused by the large cable aspect ratio, for the segmentation of the individual wires and subelement bundles inside the wires, and for the calculation of the wire cross sectional area and shape variations. The 11 T dipole cable cross section oscillates by 2% with a frequency of 1.24 mm (1/80 of the transposition pitch length of the 40 wire cable). A comparatively stronger cross sectional area variation is observed in the individual wires at the thin edge of the keystoned cable where the wire aspect ratio is largest. T2 - 13th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity, EUCAS 2017 CY - Geneva, Switzerland DA - 17.09.2017 KW - X-ray computer tomography KW - Image processing KW - Superconducting KW - CERN KW - µCT PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43493 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heilmann, Maria T1 - Real Time In Situ Study of Simvastatin Crystallization on Levitated Droplets N2 - In this contribution we describe an in-situ study of the crystallization of simvastatin in three solvents. The studies were carried out by solvent evaporation at the µSpot beamline using acoustically levitated solution droplets in combination with simultaneous X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and imaging analysis. T2 - 10th Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2018 KW - Crystallization KW - Simvastatin KW - In-Situ Characterization PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46965 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akhmetova, Irina T1 - Mechanochemical synthesis of metal phosphonates N2 - The exploration of metal phosphonates chemistry has gained great interest during the last decades, because of their structural diversity. Transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates for an application as electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Here, we present the in situ investigation of mechanochemical syntheses of different manganese phosphonates by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Nitrilotri(methylenephosphonic acid) and N,N-Bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine were chosen as ligands. The liquid-assisted milling process can be divided into three steps, including an amorphous stage. One of the products has not been obtained by classical solution chemistry before. These metal phosphonates and/or their derivatives are considered to be active in electrochemical energy conversion. The verification of their applicability is one of the topics of our resent research. T2 - Fundamental Bases of Mechanochemical Technologies CY - Novosibirsk, Russia DA - 25.06.2018 KW - Metal phosphonates KW - Mechanochemistry KW - PXRD KW - Thermography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46996 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Haferkamp, Sebastian T1 - In situ investigation of mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensations of benzaldehyde derivates N2 - Mechanochemistry is known for short reaction times, nearly quantitative conversions, and decreasing amount of solvents. Among organic syntheses, the Knoevenagel condensation is an important C-C bond forming reaction. We investigated the reaction of benzaldehyde derivates (nitro- and fluoro-derivates) with malononitrile syntheses by a combination of different in situ investigation techniques. T2 - BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2018 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akhmetova, Irina T1 - In situ investigation of milling reactions and structure determination of the products using X-ray diffraction N2 - Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. By milling the reactants, various organic, inorganic, and metal-organic compounds can be obtained in high yields. Although mechanochemistry is widely used, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood making mechanochemical reactions difficult to predict. Metal phosphonates are metal-organic compounds accessible by grinding. Because of their structural diversity, the exploration of the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained considerable interest during the last decades. Transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates for an application as electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we present the in situ investigation of the mechanochemical synthesis of a manganese(II)-phosphonate by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and thermography. The product has not been obtained by classical solution chemistry before and its crystal structure was determined from PXRD data. The milling process can be divided into different steps, with the product crystallization corresponding with the highest temperature rise. The activity of this metal phosphonate towards OER was measured and is presented here. T2 - International School of Crystallography - 52nd Course: Quantum Crystallography CY - Erice, Italy DA - 1.06.2018 KW - Metal phosphonates KW - Mechanochemistry KW - PXRD KW - OER KW - Thermography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46998 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akhmetova, Irina T1 - In situ investigation of mechanochemical syntheses of manganese phosphonates with N-containing ligands N2 - Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. The exploration of the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained considerable interest during the last decades due to their structural diversity. We synthesized manganese phosphonates in milling reactions. The mechanochemical reactions were investigated in situ to reveal the underlying mechanisms. T2 - Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2018 KW - Metal phosphonates KW - Mechanochemistry KW - PXRD KW - In situ KW - Thermography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46999 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Breitfeld, Steffen T1 - High energy ball milling of a new representative of coordination polymers without organofluorine linkers N2 - Metal organic frameworks and coordination polymers play an important role in different fields of applications. Moreover, particularly fluorinated metal-organic frameworks (FMOFs) are in the focus of interest during the last years. In most cases, fluorine is implemented using perfluorinated organic linkers at the synthesis, usually performed by solvothermal synthesis. However, only few examples are known so far where fluorine is coordinated directly to the metal cation. Recently, we reported about mechanochemical syntheses and characterization of fluorine-containing coordination polymers of alkaline earth metals by milling M(OH) (M: Ca, Sr, Ba) with fluorinated benzene dicarboxylic acids 2 and we reported about mechanochemical syntheses of alkaline earth metal fluorides with ammonium fluoride. Now we are reporting about a combination of both synthesis routes. That is the first mechanochemical synthesis of coordination polymers where fluorine is coordinated directly to the metal cation. T2 - Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 30.11.2017 KW - Metal organic frameworks KW - Coordination polymer KW - Mechanochemical syntheses KW - Direct fluorine-metal bond KW - Alkaline earth metal PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-46898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pfretzschner, Beate T1 - Characterization of texture in SLM IN 718 samples using monochromatic neutron radiography N2 - Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers the opportunity to produce easier geometrically complex parts compared to traditional production technologies. An important AM technology for metals is selective laser melting (SLM) where a part is produced by melting and solidifying powder in layers. This technique is known to cause a pronounced texture in the produced AM products due to the specific heat flow and the associated solidification of the material during SLM deposition. In order to evaluate the influence of the deposition hatch length during SLM of nickel based superalloy Inconel 718 samples on the texture and in order to identify any preferred crystallographic direction, we performed monochromatic neutron radiography scans (using wavelength from 1.6 Å to 4.4 Å, step size 0.05 Å) to image the samples while rotating it through 90°. Samples produced with short hatch length showed fine textured columnar grains oriented along the sample building direction in high-resolution radiographs. Whereas processing the sample using a ten-fold longer hatch length reduced the texture. The neutron radiographic experiments were accompanied by scanning electron microscopy including electron back-scattered diffraction to visualize and verify the microstructure and texture. T2 - German Conference for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons and Ion Beams at Large Facilities CY - Garching, Germany DA - 17.09.2018 KW - Bragg-edge KW - Neutron KW - Texture KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47260 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kabelitz, Anke T1 - A02: In situ WAXS studies on the crystallization of Al 13 keggin clusters in water N2 - Polynuclear aluminium species (Al13 keggin cluster) find application in different areas like water purification [1], contaminant transport [2], and as pilling clays with high specific surface areas[3], due to their strong binding ability to aggregates and high positive charge. In the present contribution, we report on the in situ investigation of the Al13 sulfate synthesis by synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Al13 cluster were crystallized by precipitating hydrolyzed aluminum solutions by the addition of sodium sulfate. The measurements were performed using a custom-made acoustic levitator as sample holder. The study provides information about the intermediates during the crystallization process. From the data, a mechanism was derived indicating the influence of the crystallization process. T2 - Final Meeting of the CRC 1109 & Edith Flanigen Award Ceremony 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.10.2018 KW - Crystallization KW - WAXS KW - Keggin Cluster PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47005 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kratzig, Andreas T1 - Interaction of Reactive Components in CO2 Streams with Transport Pipeline Steel X70 N2 - In context of CLUSTER project, impacts of impurities (SO2, NO2, O2, CO, H2S, H2, N2, Ar and H2O) in CO2 streams captured from different sources in a regional cluster on transport, injection and storage were investigated. Corrosion studies of oxidizing, reductive or mixed atmospheres towards transport pipeline steel X70 were carried out applying high pressure (10 MPa) at low temperatures (278 K or 313 K). T2 - GHGT-14 Conference CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 22.10.2018 KW - Carbon capture KW - CCS KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Corrosion PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47017 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rütters, H. T1 - Combining CO2 Streams from Different Emitters – A Challenge For Transport And Storage Infrastructure N2 - The European Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of CO2 envisages an open access of CO2 streams from different emitters to a nation- or even EUwide CO2 pipeline network if CO2 stream compositions meet “reasonable minimum composition thresholds”. As of today it is not known how such “composition thresholds” may be defined and which impurity levels may be viable in practical application. To set up recommendations for criteria and respective threshold values for CO2 stream compositions, the project “CLUSTER” will investigate how a dynamic interplay – both in terms of mass fluxes and compositions – of CO2 streams from regionally clustered CO2 sources sharing a transport and storage infrastructure will impact corrosion, e.g., of pipelines and plant components, and geochemical alteration of cap rocks and reservoir rocks. In addition, the behaviour of such a highly dynamic CCS system will be considered for an overall optimization of system design including CO2 stream mixing schemes and facilities or interim CO2 storage. T2 - TCCS-8 – The 8th Trondheim Conference on CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 16.06.2015 KW - Carbon capture KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Corrosion KW - CCS PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-47018 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sommer, Konstantin T1 - Microstructure characterization of additive produced parts N2 - Due to the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM), it has been increasingly integrated into many industrial sectors. The application of AM materials for safety-critical parts requires the detailed knowledge about their microstructure stability under thermo-mechanical or mechanical load and knowledge on ageing process mechanisms. Ageing processes are characterized by change of the material microstructure that is to be initially investigated. This work deals with the Investigation of 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). Describing Parameters must be defined and applied on the microstructure of these materials in their initial state and after loads were applied. The findings of this work form the basis for the investigation of AM material ageing. T2 - FEMS Junior EUROMAT 2018 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Selective laser melting KW - 316L KW - Material characterization KW - Microstructure PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47176 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kiefer, P. T1 - Statistical analysis of Vickers induced subcritical crack growth in soda-lime silicate glasses N2 - Studies on Vickers induced subcritical crack growth are controversially discussed since the stresses that drive the crack growth are distributed three dimensionally within the material and cannot be retraced by available methods. Hence, empirical approaches are used to calculate mechanical material parameters such as the stress intensity factor KI. However, the results of these approaches show large deviations from those measured by standardized techniques such as double cantilever beam (DCB) or double cleavage drilled compression (DCDC). Yet, small specimen sizes and low specimen quantities can prevent the execution of DCB and DCDC measurements. Here we present an approach that is based on a statistical analysis of Vickers induced radial cracks. For this purpose more than 150 single radial cracks were analyzed. The cracks were generated in a commercial soda-lime silicate glass. The experiments were performed in a glovebox purged with dry nitrogen gas to minimize the influence of atmospheric water on crack growth. The temporally resolved evolution of the radial cracks was monitored in-situ using an inverted microscope equipped with a camera system directly below the Vickers indenter. An automated image analysis software was used to determine the crack length over time. The data show that the crack propagation and thereby the crack velocities are not uniformly but statistically distributed. These findings allow, using the statistical mean value of the distributions in combination with DCB data, a precise formulation of KI for each measured crack length. T2 - 92nd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Glass Technology in Conjunction with the Annual Meetings of the Czech Glass Society & the Slovak Glass Society CY - Bayreuth, Germany DA - 28.05.2018 KW - Crack growth KW - Soda-lime silicate glass KW - Vickers PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45703 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclęga, Damian A1 - Radziszewska, A. A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Dymek, S. T1 - Microstructure characterization of the Inconel 686 clad layer after high-temperature corrosion tests in aggressive gases and ashes N2 - The Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy is characterized by the excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance, good strength and ability to work in aggressive environments. To protect the surface of the substrate 13CrMo4-5 steel against aggressive environments the Inconel 686 as clad layer was used. The corrosion process was performed in oxidizing mixture of gases like O2, COx, SOx. The second part of corrosion Experiment concerned the corrosion test of the coating in reducing atmosphere of the specified gases with ashes, which contained e.g. Na, Cl, Ca, Si, C, Fe, Al. T2 - Junior EUROMAT 2018 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Laser Cladding KW - Inconel 686 KW - High temperature corrosion KW - Aggressive environement KW - Material oxidation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Even, Morgane T1 - Investigations on emission properties of VOCs from consumer products made of polymers N2 - There is a need for an assessment of the emission properties of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from consumer products. A method comparison was carried out to evaluate adapted and cost-effective procedures for such items. Smaller and automated emission chambers de-picted similar kinetics compared to a 203 L standard chamber. Toy samples made of PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) emitted more VOCs compared to other tested polymeric products. The emissions from 2 selected samples were studied to allow an evaluation of the resulting room concentration and external exposure of a child. Obtained concentrations were not of concern. T2 - Conference on Indoor Air 2018 CY - Philadelphia, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Emission chamber testing KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Consumer articles PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45662 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Heyn, A. A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - How to Detect Sensitivity on Aged Lean-Duplex Stainless Steel With Electrochemical Methods N2 - The influence of isothermal ageing on microstructure, sensitisation and pitting corrosion resistance of the lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) X2CrNiN23-4 was investigated with various electrochemical methods. The aging at 600 °C (from 0.1 h up to 20 h) lead to the formation of precipitations at the ferrite-ferrite (α/α) and ferrite-austenite (α/γ) grain boundaries, inducing sensitisation due to chromium depletion. The degree of sensitisation was evaluated with the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method (DL-EPR) according to ASTM G108 and correlated with critical pitting potentials (Epit) as well as critical pitting temperature (CPT) measured in an electrolyte according to ASTM G48 using electrochemical noise. Up to an ageing time of 1 h, the sensitisation did rise significantly, stabilising at a nearly constant level with a slight drop at 20 h. This behaviour correlated perfectly with the potentiodynamically determined pitting potentials Epit and sensitisation. The CPT showed a higher sensitivity at short ageing times compared to the DL-EPR and Epit. Finally, the KorroPad method was applied to visualise the sensitisation induced reduction of pitting corrosion resistance. The “KorroPad” is an agar-based gel-electrolyte containing 0.1 mol/l sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.1 mol/l potassium ferricyanide III (K3[Fe(CN)6]), invented at the Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing in Berlin (Germany) to detect surfaces of stainless steel prone to pitting corrosion. The standard configuration of the KorroPad showed no differentiation for the various aging conditions. Increasing the concentration of both NaCl and potassium ferrocyanide III to 0.5 M shifts the detection limit of the KorroPad method to stainless steels with higher corrosion resistance, producing the same trends detected by standard electrochemical pitting corrosion values (Epit, CPT) and sensitisation (DL-EPR). By that, the KorroPad method was successfully adjusted to the lean-duplex stainless steel X2CrNiN23-4, enabling short-time testing to detect sensitization. T2 - Electrochemical Methods in Corrosion Research 2018 CY - Cambridge, UK DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Corrosion testing KW - Duplex stainless steels KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Pitting corrosion KW - EPR KW - Electrochemical noise KW - Stainless steel PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Comparison of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Emission Test Chambers Using EN 717-1 and EN 16516 N2 - For many years EN 717-1 (Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method) is the standard for formaldehyde emission testing of wooden boards. In 2017 EN 16516 (Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air) was published as a new harmonised standard for the emission testing of construction products. Because test chamber conditions are different, both standards give different concentrations for formaldehyde. For the determination of a conversion factor four test series were set up with different wooden boards. T2 - Conference on Indoor Air CY - Philadelphia, PA, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Loading factor KW - Construction products KW - European standard KW - Air exchange rate PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Heat treatment and corrosion resistance of cutlery N2 - Hardness and pitting corrosion resistance are the major quality criteria of cutlery. Both are achieved by the heat treatment (austenitization, quenching and tempering) of the normally used martensitic stainless steels. The established quality control method regarding the pitting corrosion resistance is an alternating immersion test in 1 % NaCl solution at 60 °C according to DIN EN ISO 8442. This standard test shows a high deviation, which limits any optimization of the heat treatment process. New approaches for corrosion testing of martensitic stainless-steels were developed and used in the last years to connect the weak pitting corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless-steels with the phenomenon of chromium depletion. The tempering temperatures used in the industrial heat treatment of cutlery are too low to explain the appearance of chromium depletion. For this reason, a systematic investigation of three heat treatment parameters (austenitization time, cooling speed and tempering temperature) were performed on the martensitic stainless-steels X50CrMoV15 (1.4116) to detect their contribution to chromium depletion. The electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR), which is very sensitive to any change of the microstructure, was used to quantify the degree of chromium depletion. The KorroPad indicator-test was applied to correlate low pitting corrosion resistance to the presence of chromium depletion. The results of all investigations allow conclusions about the very small process window, which is necessary to achieve cutlery with high pitting corrosion resistance. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Heat treatment KW - EPR KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Martensitic stainless steels KW - REM PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45952 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Kauss, N. T1 - Visualization of material-related susceptibility to pitting corrosion with the “KorroPad” indicator test N2 - The KorroPad indicator test was invented at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing to detect stainless-steel surfaces susceptible to pitting corrosion. The KorroPad indicator test is thus an interesting alternative for manufacturers, processors, users and researchers to time consuming exposition experiments and complex electrochemical investigations, which are normally used to reveal surface-related processing errors resulting in reduced pitting corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the KorroPad indicator test can be used to visualize alloy- and microstructure-related factors causing susceptibility to pitting corrosion. The detection limit of the KorroPad indicator test was characterized in this work using reference alloys with different chromium content (5 % to 18 %). The alloy-specific detection limit was shifted successfully to higher chromium content by increasing the concentrations of NaCl and K3[Fe(CN)6]. The modified KorroPads can now be used to establish an alloy-specific quality control regarding the pitting corrosion resistance of different stainless steel grades. T2 - EUROCORR CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Corrosion testing KW - Pitting corrosion PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45953 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Roßberg, S. A1 - Pensel, P. A1 - Halle, T. A1 - Burkert, A. T1 - Precipitation behavior and corrosion resistance of nickel-free, high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels N2 - Nickel-free, nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless-steels, with about 19 wt.-% Mn and 0,8 wt. % N, are an interesting alternative to classic CrNi austenitic stainless steels due to their superior mechanical properties (Rm > 900 MPa, A5 > 50 %, Av > 350 J) in the solution annealed condition. The formation of chromium-rich nitrides during suboptimal heat treatment, processing or application leads to an inhomogeneous distribution of alloying elements in the microstructure, which reduces the corrosion resistance. Consequently, an accurate knowledge of the sensitization behavior is indispensable for the use of nickel-free, high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels. The relationship between artificial aging, phase formation and corrosion resistance was investigated on the alloys X8CrMnN18-19 (1.3815) and X8CrMnMoN18-19-2 (1.4456), both alloyed with 0,8 wt.-% Nitrogen, in the present work. The microstructural evolution was studied by LM and SEM while the corrosion resistance was characterized with the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) and the KorroPad indicator-test. Both alloys showed increased corrosion susceptibility within critical aging parameters. Finally, a sensitization diagram was described successfully for both alloys showing the positive effect of molybdenum. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Heat treatment KW - ThermoCalc KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Nitrogen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45954 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Age-hardening behaviour, microstructure and corrosion resistance of the copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 N2 - The copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 (X5CrNiCuNb16-4) is used in different areas due to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Strength and corrosion re-sistance can be adjusted by the heat treatment, which is of importance for the application of this alloy. The mechanical properties (strength and hardness) are attributed to the dispersive precipitation of the copper rich ε–Phase. The additional precipitation of chromium carbides can reduce the corrosion resistance. Different ageing states were produced to investigate the precipitation behaviour with various methods. Furthermore, the influence of cold-rolling on the precipitation behaviour was studied in comparison to a solution annealed state without deformation. The microstructure was studied by SEM and the variations of hardness and magnetic proportion were characterised. The electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) was used to determine the corrosion resistance and detect chromium depletion in all heat-treated states. The results show that a work hardening accelerates the precipitation rate, while ageing at 600 °C reduces the corrosion re-sistance due to chromium depletion. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - EPR KW - Corrosion testing KW - Heat treatment KW - ThermoCalc KW - REM KW - Martensitic stainless steels PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45955 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Collective Orientational Order and Phase Behavior of a Discotic Liquid Crystal under Confinement N2 - Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are a promising class of soft matter for electronic applications. This is due to their ability to self-organize into columns in a hexagonal columnar mesophase, driven by the overlapping of the π orbitals of their aromatic cores. This leads to a high charge-carrier mobility along the column axis. Embedding liquid crystals into nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) results in a 2D nanoconfinement of these materials. This confinement affects their properties, compared to the bulk, such as phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, molecular mobility, and crystallization. In this study, 2,3,6,7,10,11 hexakis[hexyloxy] triphenylene (HAT6) was confined into parallel aligned cylindrical nanopores of AAO membranes by melt infiltration. The membrane as confining hosts used have varying pore diameters, from 10 nm to 160 nm, covering a broad pore size range, thus, a better understanding of the confinement effect on phase behavior and molecular configuration in the pores. Furthermore, it is aimed to obtain axial ordering or to increase degree of axial ordering by chemically modifying the surfaces of the pores. Therefore, the pore surfaces the membranes were chemically modified, resulting in a more hydrophobic pore surface than the unmodified ones. The phase behavior was explored by a power-compensated DSC allowing the detecting of small changes in the phase behavior. In the literature, dielectric spectroscopy was demonstrated as a method to monitor molecular order inside the pores. Here, we also investigate the collective orientational order, corresponding to dominating molecular ordering, by dielectric spectroscopy. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussles, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Confined Columnar Liquid Crystals PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Molecular dynamics of an asymmetric PVME/PS Blend investigated by broadband dielectric and specific heat spectroscopy N2 - Over the past decades research on the molecular dynamics of miscible polymer blends are of topical interest in the literature, in an attempt to understand the segmental mobilty of individual components, as it is affected by blending. In general, miscible polymer blends exhibit a complex behavior of the molecular mobility. For an A/B blend the relaxation times of component A and component B are affected by the spatial local compositional heterogeneity, present in binary systems on a microscopic level, regardless of the macroscopic homogeneity. Here, a combination of broadband dielectric and specific heat spectroscopy was employed to study the dynamically asymmetric PVME/PS blend with seven different compositions, focusing on samples with high PS contents. Considering that PS is dielectrically invisible, BDS is a powerful technique to study the response of PVME, as it is affected by PS segments. In this work the well-known binary relaxation times distribution of PVME in a blend, originating from the spatial local heterogeneity, was studied over ten decades in frequency, for the first time in literature. Secondly, one of the detected processes, α’-relaxation, shows a crossover from high-temperature behavior (system in equilibrium) towards a low temperature regime, where PS undergoes the thermal glass transition, resulting in confined segmental dynamics of PVME within a frozen network of PS. Here, we introduce a precise mathematical tool to distinguish between the temperature dependency regimes of the process, and examine the composition dependence of the crossover temperature, detected by dielectric spectroscopy. Moreover, the dielectric data was compared in detail with results obtained by specific heat spectroscopy. This comparison provides new insights in the dynamics and dynamic heterogeneity of the PVME/PS blend system. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Polymer blends KW - Dielectric spectroscopy KW - Specific heat spectroscopy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45917 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Molecular dynamics of dipole functionalized triphenylene-based discotics N2 - Since discovery of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs), consisting of a disklike rigid aromatic core and flexible alkyl chains attached to the core, dating back to Chandrasekhar’s work in 1977, they have been extensively investigated to reveal their fundamental properties and potential for applications. The researches on DLCs in last decades showed that DLCs can be considered as promising materials for organic electronic applications since they exhibit one dimensional high charge mobility along the column axis in a columnar mesophase. The mobilies of the rigid aromatic core and the flexible alkyl chains can influence their application properites, e.g. the charge carrier mobility, therefore, it needs to be explored in detailed. In this study, a series of dipole functionalized triphenylene-based discotics, forming a columnar mesophase, were investigated to reveal the influence of the functionalization on phase behavior, molecular dynamics and as well as conductivity. The molecular mobility of the discotics was probed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). In addition to conductivity and localized dynamics, glassy dynamics were also observed. The phase behavior of the material was explored by a power-compansated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Beside the phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, thermal glass transitions were found for all the materials. Moreover, the glassy dynamics were further investigated by Flash DSC, which is a chip-based calorimetry technique allows fast heating and cooling rates as high as 10000K/s. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussles, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Columnar liquid crystals PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45918 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Dynamics of nanoscopically confined PVME in thin films of an asymmetric miscible PVME/PS blend N2 - In recent years, substantial efforts have been devoted to investigating nanoscopic confinement of polymers, and its effect on glassy dynamics. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) was used to study the dynamics of ultra-thin films of PVME/PS 50/50 wt% blend, employing a novel nano-structured capacitor sample arrangement. The investigated system shows a complex dynamic behavior. First, an α-relaxation, related to a bulk-like layer was found. Second, an α’-relaxation was observed, characteristic for dynamically asymmetric blends, where the out of equilibrium dynamics is attributed to weakly-cooperative PVME segments relaxing within a frozen environment of PS segments. Third, for thinnest films, an Arrhenius-like process was dominant in the dielectric spectra, indicating localized fluctuations of the segments. Relaxation rates of this process resembled that of the degenerated α-relaxation of the adsorbed layer, found for pure PVME [1], thus it was assigned accordingly. For thinnest films, this process undergoes a further confinement, due to the topological constraints, introduced by PS. Such multiple confinement effect has not been reported for ultra-thin films of polymer blends, before this study [2]. [1] Madkour, S. et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 7535. [2] Madkour, S. et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 37289. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Polymer blends KW - Thin polymer films KW - Dielectric spectroscopy KW - Specific heat spectroscopy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45919 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit T1 - Investigations on the degree of damage of polyethylene grades as materials of heating oil storage tanks after a service life of more than 30 years N2 - Tanks for heating oil made of polyethylene grades have been on the market since the early 1970s in Germany. Tank manufacturers recommend the replacement of the tanks after a period of 30 years due to guarantee safety. Polyethylene grades are subject to ageing by alteration of the properties during their life cycle. The degree of ageing and the nature of the degradation process mainly depend on the chemical degradation of the polyethylene, the wall thickness of the tank and the environmental conditions. There are no results available on the long-term behavior of the polyethylene grades, especially after a service life of more than 30 years. The aim of this investigation was the determination of the factual degree of damage in comparison to the uncontaminated polyethylene grades. Material data of the used polyethylene grades are available because the BAM was the competent authority for the tests and expert reports for the approval of these tanks until the middle of the 1990s. The determination of the Melt Flow Rate (MFR) and the Fourier Transmission IR Spectroscopy (FTIR) of tank sections from the bottom, the shell and the roof of 10 segregated heating oil storage tanks produced of polyethylene grades A and B were used as tests methods. The MFR measurements of the tank sections showed differences in the values depending on the weight which was used (5 kg or 21.6 kg). A reduction of the MFR values was measured for most of the sections of tanks made of polyethylene grade B after a service life of the tanks of more than 30 years. This grade is mainly subject to the internal ageing by cross-linkages, increased degree of branched molecules and loss of the plasticizer, and to a lesser extent by oxidative degradation. The FTIR analysis, especially of tank sections of the bottom and the shell showed that the intensity of the CH2 asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations in the range: 2800 - 2900 cm-1 and the CH2 bending deformation vibration at 1400 cm-1 increased due chain scissions. The intensity of the carbonyl stretching vibration C=O at 1740 cm-1 is low. The carbonyl index characterizes the degree of oxidation. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Heating oil storage tanks KW - Polyethylene KW - Degree of damage KW - Melt Flow Rate (MFR) KW - FTIR PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45939 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Baumann, O. A1 - Müller, C. T1 - Influence of the post-weld surface treatment on the corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel 1.4062 N2 - The duplex stainless steel 1.4062 (X2CrNiN22-2) is used as alternative material to austenitic stainless steels in the construction industry. The corrosion resistance of welded seams is influenced by the base material, the weld filler material, the welding process and also by the final surface treatment. The scale layer next to the weld seam can be removed by grinding, pickling, electro-polishing or blasting depending on the requested corrosion resistance. Blasted surfaces are often used in the industrial practice due to the faster and cheaper manufacturing process compared to pickled or electro-polished surfaces. Furthermore blasting with corundum-grain is more effective than blasting with glass-beads which also lower the process costs. In recent years, stainless steel surfaces showed an unusually high susceptibility to pitting corrosion after grinding with corundum. For this reason, it is now also questioned critically whether the corrosion resistance is influenced by the applied blasting agent. This question was specifically investigated by comparing grinded, pickled, corundum-grain- and glass-bead-blasted welding seams. Results of the SEM analyses of the blasting agents and the blasted surfaces will be presented and correlated with the results of different corrosion tests (KorroPad-testing and pitting potentials). T2 - Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (MSE) CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 26.09.2018 KW - Duplexstahl KW - Korrosion KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - Schweißen KW - Oberflächenbearbeitung KW - Strahlen KW - KorroPad PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46090 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Haferkamp, Sebastian T1 - Mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensations of benzaldehyde derivates investigated in situ N2 - Mechanochemistry is widely applicable for the synthesis of inorganic, metal-organic, and organic compounds. It is known for short reaction times, nearly quantitative conversions, and decreasing amount of solvents, which opens the field to more environmentally friendly syntheses routes. Among organic syntheses, the Knoevenagel condensation is an important C-C bond forming reaction leading to α,β-unsaturated compounds. To gain more information on the underlying processes, we investigated the syntheses by a combination of different in situ investigation techniques, including synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and thermography. This combination provides information on the structural changes and temperature influences during milling. Benzaldehyde derivates (nitro- and fluoro-derivates) reacted with malononitrile to the respective benzylidenemalononitriles. The in situ investigations show direct and quantitative conversions. In the case of the fluorinated benzaldehyde derivates we showed the possibility of using liquid substrates in mechanochemical organic synthesis. Surprisingly, after crystallization from a viscous state, the material was suitable for single-crystal X-ray analysis. T2 - Powder Diffraction School 2018 CY - Villigen, Switzerland DA - 24.09.2018 KW - C-C coupling KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ KW - Knoevenagel PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46320 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Chapartegui, Ander T1 - MOFs as optical sensor elements against endocrine disrupting phthalates N2 - The development of optical sensing technologies for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) was urgently needed to facilitate currently unmet demands on comprehensive monitoring of These substances, thus ensuring consumer safety. T2 - SALSA CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.05.2018 KW - MOF KW - Short chained phthalates PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46889 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gardei, André T1 - Probenpräparation für LIBS-Messungen - ein häufig unterschätztes Thema N2 - Die Probenpräparation ist ein Teil im Prozess der Baustoffuntersuchung und muss dementsprechend sorgfältig geplant werden. Die Probenpräparation ist letztendlich der Grundstein für alle folgenden Untersuchungen, somit wirken sich alle hier getroffenen Entscheidungen direkt auf die Qualität der Ergebnisse aus. T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.02.2018 KW - Probenpräparation KW - LIBS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44656 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Griesche, Axel T1 - Hydrogen in Iron visualized in 3D by neutron tomography N2 - Presented are neutron tomographies on hydrogen charged iron samples. T2 - RACIRI Summer School 2015 CY - Sellin, Rügen, Germany DA - 22.08.2015 KW - Tomographie KW - Wasserstoff KW - Neutronen KW - Hydrogen KW - Neutron KW - Tomography PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-44838 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertin, Annabelle T1 - Upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type thermoresponsive polymers from monomers with hydrogen-bonding interactions N2 - UCST-type thermoresponsive polymers (i.e. that phase separate from solution upon cooling) present a tremendous potential not only in aqueous media with applications in the field of drug delivery, diagnostic and microfluidic applications, but also in water/alcohol mixtures, where they can be used for instance in sensing systems for alcohol-soluble drugs. However, only a few thermoresponsive polymers have been reported that present an UCST in a relevant temperature range and “green” solvents such as water or ethanol. In this context, acrylamide-based monomers can be very useful building blocks for designing novel non-ionic UCST-type polymers because of their hydrophilic nature (with the appropriate side chain) and propensity to form hydrogen bonds. We will present our latest results on the UCST-type thermoresponsive behaviour of acrylamide- and/or 2,6-diaminopyridine-based homopolymers and copolymers in water or water/alcohol mixtures, and give some insights about the rational design of UCST polymers relying on H-bonding. T2 - 7. Jahrestreffen der Seniorexperten Chemie CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 02.05.2018 KW - Thermoresponsive polymer KW - UCST-type polymer KW - Polyacrylamide KW - Water/alcohol mixtures PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44845 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüth, Peter T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Interlaboratory test programme for chemical safety - status and activities N2 - Safety experts, carriers or traders must be able to rely on the validity of the method and on correct results of safety tests and assessments in the laboratory. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Berlin and Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig have extensive experience in the field of testing and assessment of physical hazards of chemicals. Interlaboratory tests on different test methods have been performed by BAM and PTB during the last 10 years. Significant differences between the results of the participating laboratories were observed in all interlaboratory test. The deviations of the test results were not caused only by laboratory faults but also by deficiencies of the test method; i.e. many of the method descriptions are too ambiguous and allow divergences for interpretation. Therefore, it is necessary to know exactly how good the method is that is used to classify dangerous goods or hazardous substances or to determine safety-relevant parameters. A key criterion is the measurement uncertainty. One can choose simple methods with large error limits, but the measurement uncertainties should be known and always communicated together with the test results. This would allow safety specialists to be able to assess test results correctly and make well-founded decisions, e.g. for adequate protective measures. Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of test results. Participation in interlaboratory tests is not only a crucial element of the quality assurance of laboratories; as such it is explicitly recommended in DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025. In addition, interlaboratory tests are also used to develop and validate test methods and can be used for the determination of the measurement uncertainty. Therefore, the BAM and PTB continue to support the further development of the interlaboratory test programme of CEQAT-DGHS (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, www.ceqat-dghs.bam.de), established in 2007. This programme is run by BAM in collaboration with the PTB and the QuoData Gesellschaft für Qualitätsmanagement und Statistik mbH, Dresden. A new interlaboratory test for methods validation on the test method UN Test N.5 "Test method for substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases” is currently being prepared and will be carried out in 2018. Laboratories that specialise in this test are invited to participate in the interlaboratory test. Interested laboratories can check the details and register to participate in the interlaboratory test at the CEQAT-DGHS website. T2 - MEETINGS OF IGUS EOS GROUP CY - Shanghai, P. R. China DA - 09.04.2018 KW - Dangerous goods KW - Hazardous substances KW - Test methods validation KW - Quality assurance PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44858 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Manolov, Manol T1 - Bestimmung der Maschinennachgiebigkeit beim Einsatz sphärischer Indenter in der Instrumentierten Eindringprüfung N2 - Der Einfluss der Maschinennachgiebigkeit einschließlich der elastischen Verformung des Indenters ist bei der Bestimmung der entsprechenden Werkstoffcharakteristiken insbesondere beim Einsatz von sphärischen Indentern unter höheren Prüfkräften von Bedeutung. Mit zunehmender Prüfkraft wird die Maschinennachgiebigkeit kraftabhängig und kann im idealen Fall als Funktion von Prüfkraft und gemessener Eindringtiefe für vorgegebene Indenterradien dargestellt werden. Angegeben ist ein vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Maschinennachgiebigkeit. T2 - Sensoren und Messsysteme CY - Nürnberg, Germany DA - 26.06.2018 KW - Maschinennachgiebigkeit KW - Instrumentierte Eindringprüfung KW - Sphärische Indenter KW - Vereinfachtes Verfahren KW - Kraftabhängige Funktion KW - Härtevergleichsplatten KW - Eindringmodul PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45390 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falk, Florian A1 - Menneken, Martina T1 - Early oxidation and sulfidation of high temprature alloys: An EDXRD in-situ study N2 - P92 is one of the important steels for super heater tubes used in combustion plants. However, in fossil fuel fired environments the formation of oxides and sulfides are challenging the material. To understand early corrosion mechanisms, which are important for process prediction, high temperature in-situ ageing experiments of Fe-Cr-Mn alloys in SO2 and SO2+H2O atmosphere were performed, applying energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) analysis. T2 - Bessy usermeeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2017 KW - Corrosion KW - In-situ KW - EDXRD PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-45368 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Frost, K. A1 - Kurth, Lutz A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Uhlig, S. T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Ringversuchsprogramm für die Chemikaliensicherheit -Methodenvalidierung N2 - Bei der Bewertung der Verlässlichkeit der im Labor gewonnenen Prüfergebnisse spielen Ringversuche eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) unterstützt deshalb den weiteren Ausbau des Ringversuchsprogramms des im Jahr 2007 gegründeten Kompetenzzentrums zur Qualitätssicherung für Prüfungen von Gefahrgütern und Gefahrstoffen auf physikalische Gefahren (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, CEQAT-DGHS). Bei allen bisher untersuchten Prüfmethoden besteht ein Verbesserungsbedarf. Die RV müssen daher zunächst auf die Methodenentwicklung, -verbesserung und -validierung und auf die Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit der jeweiligen Prüfmethode abzielen und nicht auf Leistungstests. T2 - Behörden-Erfahungsaustausch CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 4. Juni 2018 KW - Prüfmethode KW - Methodenvalidierung KW - Gefahrgut KW - Gefahrstoff KW - Qualitätssicherung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45297 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Juds, Carmen T1 - Finding peptide binders for polypropylene using phage display and next generation sequencing N2 - Phage display is used to find specific target binding peptides for polypropylene (PP) surfaces. PP is one of the most commonly used plastics in the world. Millions of tons are produced every year. PP binders are of particular interest because so far gluing or printing on PP is challenging due to its low surface energy. A phage display protocol for PP was developed followed by Next Generation DNA Sequencing of the whole phage library. Data analysis of millions of sequences yields promising peptide candidates which were synthesized as PEG conjugates. Fluorescence-based adsorption-elution-experiments show high adsorption on PP for several sequences. T2 - BAM PhD Day CY - Berlin-Adlershof, Germany DA - 31.05.2018 KW - Polymer KW - Glue KW - Amplification KW - Illumina KW - PEG KW - Sanger sequencing KW - SALSA KW - Data analysis KW - Fluorescence PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wollschläger, N. A1 - Nützmann, Kathrin T1 - What happens during S-corrosion in Fe13Cr in the early stage? N2 - Ferritic alloys containing Cr form Cr5S6 precipitates along grain boundaries in hot SO2 environment. Grain boundary precipitates may influence the steel’s mechanical behavior. Cr5S6 precipitates were reconstructed three-dimensionally using FIB tomography analysis to determine the volume, number, and penetration depth. The volume growth of Cr5S6 precipitates increased only for the initial aging time of 3 h but became constant after 6 h. The number of precipitates increased linearly. T2 - Meeting on Focused Ion Beams in Berlin - FIBiB2017 CY - Berlin, HZB Wannsee Campus, Germany DA - 06.11.2017 KW - Grain boundary corrosion KW - 3D tomography KW - Sulfidation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-45061 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in epoxy/Boehmite and epoxy/LDH nanocomposites N2 - The interphase between the inorganic filler and the polymer matrix is considered as one of the most important characteristics of inorganic/polymer nanocomposites. The segmental dynamics of this interphase is expected to be altered as compared to the pure matrix, which might percolate into the entire system. For instance, it was found that a so-called Rigid Amorphous Phase (RAF) is formed by adsorption of segments onto the nanoparticles yielding to its immobilization. The RAF is available from the decrease of the specific heat capacity Δcp in the glass transition region of the nanocomposites. Here, precise Temperature Modulated DSC (TMDSC) was employed to study Δcp of epoxy/Boehmite nanocomposites with different nanofiller concentrations. Surprisingly, the investigated system showed an increase of Δcp with increasing filler concentration up to 10 wt%. This implies an increased fraction of mobile segments, and is in accordance with the found decreased value of the glass transition temperature Tg. Although for higher filler contents Tg further slightly decreases, Δcp decreases in contrary, indicating a formation of RAF. This behavior was discussed as a competition of mobilization effects, due to an incomplete crosslinking reaction, and the formation of RAF. T2 - 15thLähnwitzseminar on Calorimetry 2018 CY - Rostock, Germany DA - 04.06.2018 KW - Nanocomposites KW - Rigid amorphous fraction KW - TMDSC KW - Boehmite PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45148 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hertwig, Andreas T1 - Calibration samples and the GUM-compliant determination of uncertainties in ellipsometry N2 - Ellipsometry is well known as a highly sensitive and reproducible surface analysis technique. However, in a context of metrological applications, the most important property of a measurement process is accuracy, relying on statistical precision, (reproducibility) and trueness (in an absolute sense versus a given standard). The latter is much more difficult to achieve. In this presentation, we discuss the possibility of establishing ellipsometry in a diverse metrological landscape by means of defining standard procedures and best practice methodologies for the measurement and for calibration purposes. The most important task of this approach is to determine the model-inherent uncertainty, originating from parameter coupling. We achieve this by means of sensitivity analysis of the parameters resulting from the fit process. We discuss the definition of reference materials by which accuracy can be made available for ellipsometry, passed along between ellipsometry laboratories and for other measurement techniques. The determination of uncertainty is presented in this work for a number of examples involving difficult analysis models employed for samples from different production environments. We present a standardization initiative with the goal to disseminate this work into an international standard alongside an inter-laboratory study comparing the results for complex samples gained by laboratories with different instrumentation. We also present the results gained within EURAMET projects focused on the metrology of materials with strong non-idealities used in photovoltaics and other energy technology. T2 - Workshop Ellipsometry 2018 CY - Chemnitz, Germany DA - 19.03.2018 KW - Ellipsometric metrology KW - Reference samples KW - Reference procedures KW - Standardization PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44674 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane T1 - Real time observation of crystallization and growth of corrosion products by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction N2 - Ferritic-martensitic high temperature alloys are widely used as boiler tube and heat exchanger materials in combustion based power plants. All technologies have in common that the applied materials are exposed to different temperatures, process pressures and reactive atmospheres which lead to a change of the material properties and a further degradation of the material. To date corrosion analytics mainly proceeds via the use of various microscopic techniques and the analysis of the corrosion products after the reaction is completed. Comprehensive efforts have been made to study high temperature corrosion by the use of environmental SEM’s or in-situ TEM technologies. The here presented work will show a different approach to study high temperature gas corrosion in a multiple gas atmosphere by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD). For this technique high energetic white X-ray radiation (10-100 keV) was used as radiation source instead of conventional monochromatic radiation. It enables us to study crystallization procedures on short and medium time scales (1 min < t < 24 h) and the collection of Bragg-Signals of the phases of interest as a function of process time. Their occurrence can directly be correlated with thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. A special designed corrosion reactor was used to combine high temperature gas corrosion experiments with the collection of diffraction patter. The crystallization and reaction paths for oxide and sulfide formation was followed in-situ on Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-Mn model alloys in a hot SO2 containing (T=650 °C) atmosphere. T2 - Gordon Research Conference on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY - New London, NH, USA DA - 09.07.2017 KW - Corrosion KW - In situ diffraction KW - Crystallization PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Barnefske, Lena T1 - Self-healing silicone rubber for F-POF partial discharge sensors in HV cable accessories N2 - To avoid a catastrophic failure of insulation in high-voltage (HV) applications, a monitoring of partial discharges (PD) is necessary. Fluorescently labelled polymer optical fibres (F-POF) offer an electrically passive method for PD detection in HV facilities. F-POF could be embedded into HV cable insulation material, which are usually made of silicone rubber. Due to the difficult accessibility of HV cable accessories, a self-healing silicone rubber, based on incorporated capsules, with prolonged service life after PD detection represents an attractive material design for HV electrical insulation. T2 - 26th International Conference on Plastic Optical Fibres CY - Aveiro, Portugal DA - 13.09.2017 KW - Fluorescent polymer optical fibres KW - Partial discharge detection KW - High voltage cable accessories KW - Self-healing KW - Silicone rubber PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42511 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stajanca, Pavol T1 - Post-fabrication cladding doping of commercial PMMA polymer optical fiber N2 - Possibility of post-fabrication doping of commercial PMMA fibers using well-known solution doping technique is presented. The cladding of 1 mm PMMA fiber is doped with Rhodamine B with the help of methanol-mediated diffusion of the dye molecules into the fiber material. Doping of the fiber core was not possible even at extended doping times. The proposed method represents rather simple and cheap way for preparing custom cladding-doped POFs with high flexibility of dopant choice and fiber length. Produced cladding-doped fibers have potential for various sensing or lighting applications. T2 - 26th International Conference on Plastic Optical Fibres (POF 2017) CY - Aveiro, Portugal DA - 13.09.2017 KW - Polymer optical fibers KW - Fluorescent dyes KW - Solution doping KW - Polymethyl methacrylate PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42321 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Einfluss der Schweißnaht-Nachbehandlung auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von nichtrostenden Duplexstählen N2 - Der Duplexstahl 1.4062 (X2CrNiN22-2) hat sich im Bauwesen als Werkstoffalternative zu den nichtrostenden Austeniten etabliert. Die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Schweißverbindungen wird, neben dem Grundwerkstoff, dem Schweißzusatzwerkstoff und dem Schweißverfahren, auch sehr stark von der Oberflächennachbehandlung der Schweißnaht beeinflusst. Je nach zukünftigem Anwendungsbereich und geforderter Optik sowie Korrosionsbeständigkeit wird der Schweißnahtbereich anschließend geschliffen, gebeizt, elektropoliert, oder gestrahlt, um die beim Schweißen entstehenden Zunderschicht zu entfernen. Gestrahlte Oberfläche sind in der industriellen Praxis häufig anzutreffen, da sie deutlich einfacher und kostengünstiger herzustellen sind als gebeizte oder elektropolierte Oberflächen. Die Auswahl des Strahlmittels bestimmt auch die Prozesskosten, wobei das Strahlen mit Korund effektiver als das Strahlen mit Glasperlen ist. In den letzten Jahren wurden bei nichtrostenden Stählen korrosionsanfällige Oberflächen beobachtet, wenn diese mit Korund geschliffen wurden. Daher wird nun auch beim Strahlen kritisch hinterfragt, ob das Strahlmittel die Korrosionsbeständigkeit verändert. Diese Fragestellung wird beantwortet indem geschliffene, gebeizte, mit Korund gestrahlte und mit Glasperlen gestrahlte Schweißverbindungen vergleichend untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse der REM-Untersuchungen von den Strahlmitteln und den gestrahlten Oberflächen werden dazu mit den Ergebnissen verschiedener Korrosionsuntersuchungen (KorroPad-Indikatortest, Potentialmessungen und Bestimmung der kritischen Lochkorrosionspotentiale) korreliert und vorgestellt. T2 - Werkstoffwoche 2017 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.09.2017 KW - Duplexstahl KW - Korrosion KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - Oberflächenbearbeitung KW - Schweißen KW - Strahlen PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42830 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Einfluss von Korundschleifprozessen auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit nichtrostender Stähle N2 - Das Poster stellt aktuelle Eregbnisse des AiF-Vorhabens 18823 N/1 zum Einfluss von Schleifprozessen auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit nichtrostender Stähle vor. T2 - Jahrestagung 2017 der GfKORR CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 07.11.2017 KW - Korrosion KW - Corrosion KW - Korundschleifen KW - Corundum grinding KW - Nichtrostende Stähle KW - Stainless Steels PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42773 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dieck, S. A1 - Ecke, M. A1 - Fritsch, S. A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Wagner, M. A1 - Halle, T. T1 - SD effect in martensitic stainless steel under Q&P heat treatment condition N2 - The quenching and partitioning (Q&P) heat treatment enables a higher deformability of high strength martensitic steels. The Q&P heat treatment was applied on the martensitic stainless steel 1.4034 (X46Cr13) to study the influence of partitioning time. Therefore, extensive characterizations of the mechanical properties, focussing on the materials behaviour under different mechanical load scenarios, were performed. A comprehensive analysis of the microstructural evolution was per-formed for different heat treatment and mechanical loading states. A complete solution of chromium carbides was detected to be a first requirement for successful Q&P heat treatment. The comparison of common quenching and tempering with the Q&P heat treatment verifies the extensively enhanced materials strength whereat the formability is still acceptable. The microstructural reason was detected to be an increasing aus-tenite fraction due to austenite reversion at subgrain boundaries of martensite besides the stabilising of retained austenite. Further a distinctive strength differential effect was observed. T2 - 11th European Symposium on Martensitic Transformations CY - Metz, France DA - 27.08.2018 KW - Martensitic stainless steels KW - Heat treatment KW - EBSD KW - Quenching and partitioning KW - TRIP PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45803 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulte, Petra T1 - Kritische Bewertung der Prüfergebnisse in chemikalienrechtlichen Verfahren: Wie agiert die Behörde? Welche Folgen haben die Ergebnisse für die Rechtsetzung? N2 - Mit nicht-konformen oder schlecht dokumentierten Prüfergebnissen können weder Behörden noch Unternehmen etwas anfangen. Belastbare und eindeutige Informationen aus den Registrierungsdossiers sind entscheidend, damit industrielle und gewerbliche Verwender der Stoffe das Gefahrenpotenzial einschätzen und ggf. Maßnahmen zum Schutz von Menschen und Umwelt treffen können. Darüber hinaus benötigen die Behörden verlässliche Daten aus den Registrierungen, um ihrer Verantwortung bei der Identifizierung regulierungsbedürftiger Stoffe nachkommen zu können. T2 - Behörden-Erfahrungsaustausch CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.06.2018 KW - Prüfmethode KW - Einstufung KW - REACH KW - CLP KW - IUCLID KW - ECHA KW - OECD PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45808 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Efficient modelling of guided ultrasonic waves using the Scaled Boundary FEM towards SHM of composite pressure vessels N2 - The Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) is a semi-analytical method that shows promising results in modelling of guided ultrasonic waves. Efficiency and low computational cost of the method are achieved by a discretisation of the boundary of a computational domain only, whereas for the domain itself the analytical solution is used. By means of the SBFEM different types of defects, e.g. cracks, pores, delamination, corrosion, integrated into a structure consisting of anisotropic and isotropic materials can be modelled. In this contribution, the SBFEM is used to analyse the propagation of guided waves in a structure consisting of an isotropic metal bonded to anisotropic carbon fibre reinforced material. The method allows appropriate wave types (modes) to be identified and to analyse their interaction with different defects. Results obtained are used to develop a structural health monitoring system for composite pressure vessels used in automotive and aerospace industries. T2 - 9th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM) CY - Manchester, UK DA - 10.07.2018 KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Pressure tanks KW - Hydrogen storage KW - Finite Element Modelling KW - Composites PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45486 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piedade, M. F. M. T1 - Crystal Engineering through Solvent Mediated Control of Molecular Conformation: The Case of 5-Hydroxynicotinic Acid N2 - The importance of molecular conformation for polymorphism and its repercussions in terms of tight control over the industrial production of crystalline organic materials with highly reproducible physicochemical properties has long been recognized. Efforts to understand how a crystallization solvent can direct the formation of a polymorph containing a specific molecular conformation are, however, relatively scarce. Nicotinic acid (NA) and its hydroxyl derivatives (2-, 4-, 5-, and 6-hydroxynicotinic acids) are very good models for such studies. Indeed, regardless of the solvent, NA always crystallizes as a single polymorph with the molecule in the same neutral conformation. In contrast, the hydroxyl derivatives are prone to polymorphism and solvate formation and, depending on the crystallization conditions, the molecules in the crystal lattice can exhibit hydroxyl, oxo, or zwitterionic conformations. The present study focused on 5-hydroxynicotinicacid (5HNA) shows that by judicious selection of the solvent it is possible to obtain 1:1 solvates, where solvation memory is not completely lost and the tautomer preferred in solution persists in the crystalline state: zwitterionic in 5HNA·H2O and neutral in 5HNA·DMSO. Nevertheless, upon thermal desolvation the obtained materials evolve to the same unsolvated form where the molecule is in a zwitterionic conformation. The structures of 5HNA·H2O and 5HNA·DMSO obtained from single crystal-ray diffraction are discussed and compared with that of 5HNA solved from powder data. The energetics of the dehydration/desolvation process was also fully characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Calvet microcalorimetry. T2 - BACG 2018 CY - Limerick, Ireland DA - 20.06.2018 KW - Crystal Engineering KW - 5-hydroxynicotinic acid KW - Molecular Conformation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45519 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falk, Florian T1 - Early oxidation and sulfidation of high temperature model alloys: An EDXRD in situ study N2 - The fundamental impact of sulfur and water on corrosion rates and potential failure of the exposed material is well known. However, the access to the related corrosion mechanism causing material degradation is often a problem to solve. This study investigates the effect of SO2 and water vapor in the initial stages of corrosion of an Fe9Cr0.5Mn model alloy at 650 °C in situ. The analysis was carried out under laboratory conditions using energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD). T2 - Dechema EFC Workshop CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 26.09.2018 KW - Sulfidation KW - Model alloy KW - Oxidation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46134 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wolter, Christian T1 - Metallsulfide als Reibungsstabilisatoren in Bremsbelägen - tribologische Untersuchungen an Modellsystemen N2 - Der Posterbeitrag handelt davon, wie das Reibverhalten und die Temperaturabhängikgeit durch den Einsatz von Metallsulfiden maßgeblich beeinflusst wird und zur Stabilität beiträgt. T2 - 59. Tribologie-Fachtagung CY - Goettingen, Germany DA - 24.09.2018 KW - Metallsulfide KW - Bremsbeläge KW - Tribologie PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46187 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pfretzschner, Beate T1 - Hydrogen in blistered iron visualized in 3D by neutron tomography N2 - Presented are neutron tomographies on hydrogen charged iron samples. T2 - RACIRI Summerschool CY - Sellin, Germany DA - 22.08.2015 KW - Eisen KW - Neutronenradiographie KW - Wasserstoff PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-47786 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisermann, R. T1 - Distributed acoustic/vibration sensing: Towards advanced transformer condition monitoring N2 - A novel method for transformer vibration monitoring using intensity-based distributed acoustic/vibration sensing (DAS/DVS) is presented. Fibre optic sensors were fully integrated into an oil-filled medium voltage distribution transformer. Opencircuit in-situ measurements were carried out using a single and three-phase supply with an electrical power of up to 30 kVA. Spectral analysis of the mechanical vibrations were performed by measuring the frequency response of the transformer using plain fibre- and transducer-based DVS approaches. The results were compared with the spectra of a microphone mounted on the outside of the transformer housing and the electrical measurements on the high voltage side. Using the fibre optic DVS based monitoring we were able to detect changes in operating power and frequency. Further it could be shown, that it is possible to identify anomalous behaviour such as electrical/mechanical noise sources using the determined vibration spectra. T2 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Applications (ICHVE) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 18.08.2024 KW - Distributed acoustic sensing KW - Condition monitoring KW - Transformer monitoring PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61799 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blaeß, Carsten T1 - Binder jetting of crystallizing bioactive glass powders N2 - Customized artificial bone replacement implants made of resorbable bioactive glass (BG) have not yet become widely accepted in clinical use. This is mainly due to the contrariness of sintering ability and appropriate bioactivity. Concurrent crystallization often prevents the generation of dense sinter bodies, especially for additive manufactured 3D scaffolds. The presented study investigates the limits and advantages of crystallization of powder compacts manufactured by binder jetting and uniaxial pressing for different particle size fractions (psf) of two BGs. T2 - CeramicAM 2024 - 1º CY - Sao Paulo, Brasil DA - 19.09.2024 KW - Bioactive glass KW - Sintering KW - Crystallization KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62594 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lapšanská, Ivana T1 - Thermographic detection and AI evaluation of leading-edge erosion N2 - The European Green Deal and the global fight against climate change call for more and larger wind turbines. To meet the increasing demand for maintenance and inspection, semi-autonomous methods of remote inspection are increasingly being developed in addition to industrial climbers performing the inspection [1, 2]. Rotor blades are exposed to extreme weather conditions throughout their lifetime causing leading edge erosion which changed the aerodynamic features of blades and can cause structural damages. The estimated annual energy production (AEP) losses caused by erosion damages are between 0.5% and 2% per year. The classification of the severity of the damage and the quantification of the resulting AEP losses are subject of scientific research. With such information, cost efficient repairs and maintenance efforts can improve the power production of wind turbines. Passive thermography presents a viable method for inspecting rotor blades, capable of identifying internal damage [3, 4] and surface erosion [5, 6]. An advantage of this method is that it not only detects rain erosion damage but also reveals temperature variations caused by resulting turbulence on the blade's surface. These turbulent effects reduce rotor blade efficiency, leading to losses in AEP. The inspection process takes approximately 10 minutes per turbine and is carried out while the turbine is fully operational, eliminating downtime and revenue losses typically associated with traditional blade inspections. This efficient inspection procedure is further enhanced by an automatic data analysis system, resulting in a substantial number of wind turbines being inspected within a specified timeframe. The automated evaluation of thermal images is executed using a fully convolutional network (FCN). The initial phase involved training an FCN using over 1500 thermal images. The primary objective was to accurately identify the thermal patterns associated with erosion damage at the leading edge. In the ongoing second phase, the emphasis is on integrating thermographic and visual images to assess the extent of the damage using an FCN. Additionally, this phase involves leveraging human factors in the FCN training process and providing a precise estimation of Annual Energy Production losses attributed to the identified rain erosion damages. T2 - EERA Deep Wind 2024 CY - Trondheim , Norway DA - 17.01.2024 KW - Wind KW - Turbulent flow KW - Thermography KW - Wind rotor blade KW - Inspection PY - 2024 UR - https://www.sintef.no/globalassets/project/eera-deepwind-2024/posters/operation-and-maintenance_ivana_lapsanska_thermographic-detection.pdf AN - OPUS4-62501 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Munsch, Sarah Mandy T1 - Ermittlung der Porosität von Sandsteinen - Vergleich von Quecksilberporosimetrie, Tauchwägung und NMR N2 - Die Porosität sowie die Porengrößenverteilung (PSD) eines Baustoffs sind wichtige petrophysikalische Eigenschaften, die Transportprozesse im Material beeinflussen und im direkten Zusammenhang mit der Schadensanfälligkeit stehen (Frost-Tau-Schäden, Schäden durch Salzeinträge und sauren Regen). Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Porosität stellen die Quecksilberporosimetrie (MIP), das Prinzip der Tauchwägung nach Archimedes (triple weighing method, TWM) und die Nuklear Magnetische Resonanz (NMR) dar. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist der Vergleich der drei Methoden für die Porositätsbestimmung. Als Untersuchungsmaterial wurde Sandstein gewählt. Als Baustoff wird Sandstein trotz einer teilweise geringen Festigkeit, aber aufgrund seiner Farbvielfalt häufig für Kulturbauten, Gehwegmaterial und Fassaden eingesetzt. Sandsteine weisen zudem meist eine hohe effektive Porosität (bis zu ca. 30 %) und teilweise breite Porengrößenspektren auf, wodurch Feuchte- und Ioneneinträge begünstigt werden und zu z. B. langfristigen Verfärbungen an Sandsteinfassaden führen können. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden die Porositäten von 10 verschiedenen Sandsteinen aus Deutschland und Tschechien bestimmt. Für die Untersuchungen mittels TWM und NMR wurden für jede Sandsteinart zwei zylinderförmige Proben unter Unterdruck mit Leitungswasser aufgesättigt. Beim Vergleich der Verfahren liegt der Fokus insbesondere auf NMR und der verwendeten Gerätetechnik, die mit einer minimalen Echozeit von 50 µs ein Wasserstoffsignal in Sandsteinen aus bis zu ca. 2 nm kleine Poren erfassen kann. Darüber hinaus wird das Auflösungsvermögen von MIP und NMR bezüglich der Poren- bzw. Poreneingangsgrößen diskutiert. Für den Vergleich von NMR und MIP werden an ausgewählten Sandsteinproben ebenfalls die zusätzlich ermittelten PSD in Korrelation zueinander gebracht. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute Korrelation von NMR- und TWM-Daten, aber teilweise starke Abweichungen zu den mit MIP bestimmten Porositäten. Ergebnisse zu den PSD zeigen teilweise nahezu identische Kurvenverläufe. Jedoch ist die Abschätzung des Umrechnungsfaktors für die NMR-Daten ohne Hinzuziehen von zusätzlichen Referenzverfahren wie Röntgen-Computer-Tomographie oder Spektral Induzierte Polarisation teilweise sehr schwierig. T2 - Bauwerksdiagnose CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.02.2020 KW - NMR KW - Porosität KW - Sandsteine KW - Quecksilberporosimetrie KW - Tauchwägung PY - 2020 N1 - Geburtsname von Munsch, Sarah Mandy: Nagel, S. M. - Birth name of Munsch, Sarah Mandy: Nagel, S. M. AN - OPUS4-50405 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Matthias A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Einsatz der Quecksilberporosimetrie zur Charakterisierung von Feinkornbetonen für elektrochemische Untersuchungen N2 - Im Rahmen eines DFG-Forschungsvorhabens (FOR 537) wird ein Teilprojekt an der BAM bearbeitet. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die quantitative Beschreibung und Bewertung des Korrosionsfortschrittes an Stahlproben mit kleinen Kathodenflächen (Eigenkorrosion) mittels elektrochemischer Messungen. Für die Untersuchungen wurden Betonproben mit eingebetteten Stahlelektroden hergestellt. Dabei wurden gezielt betontechnologische Parameter variiert. Dabei ist der Beton als Elektrolyt zu betrachten. Nach bestimmten Zeitintervallen werden die Betonproben aufgebrochen und die eingebetteten Stahlelektroden durch visuelle Inspektion und anschließende Bestimmung des Masseverlustes bewertet. Zur Charakterisierung des Betons (Elektrolyt) dient das Verfahren der Quecksilberporosimetrie. Mit dem Verfahren lassen sich die Zusammenhänge zwischen den betontechnologischen Parametern und der Porenstruktur aufzeigen und mittels der umfangreichen Variation der Betonparameter die Auswirkung auf den Korrosionsfortschritt nachweisen. T2 - XIII. Workshop über die Charakterisierung von feinteiligen und porösen Festkörpern CY - Bad Soden, Germany DA - 14.11.2006 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14294 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grunert, Wiebke T1 - ODYSSEUS N2 - Vorstellung des Forschungsprojekts ODYSSEUS und Darstellung der Aufgaben der BAM. Hierbei sollen neue Instrumente chemische Ausgangsstoffe zur Herstellung von Explosivstoffen und Bomben aufspüren, um zukünftig Anschläge zu verhindern. T2 - 46. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik CY - Siegen, Germany DA - 25.04.2025 KW - Home-made explosives KW - Anschläge KW - Bomben KW - Ausgangsstoffe PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62995 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lohrer, Christian T1 - Initiierungsvermögen von Anzündern (sonstige Pyrotechnik für Fahrzeuge) an Sekundärsprengstoffen N2 - Um eine schwere missbräuchliche Verwendung von Pyrotechnik zu verhindern, ist eine mögliche Initiierung von Sekundärsprengstoffen durch Pyrotechnik gemäß der wesentlichen Sicherheitsanforderungen der Richtlinie 2013/29/EU nicht zulässig. Aus diesem Grund müssen pyrotechnische Gegenstände auch in dieser Hinsicht bewertet werden. In einem pränormativen Forschungsansatz wurden leistungsfähige und für die Allgemeinheit vergleichsweise leicht verfügbare Anzünder aus dem Bereich der Fahrzeugpyrotechnik speziellen Prüfungen für die Bewertung dieser Auslösefähigkeit unterzogen. T2 - 46. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik CY - Siegen, Germany DA - 25.04.2025 KW - Sekundärsprengstoffe KW - Pyrotechnik KW - Konformuitätsbewertung PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62997 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Porzig, Ekkehard T1 - Zerstörungsarme Bauzustandsanalyse selbsttätig vorgespannter Stahlbetonfachwerkträger im Flughafen Berlin-Tempelhof N2 - - einer der größten zusammenhängenden Gebäudekomplexe in Europa - Anfang der dreißiger Jahre von Prof. Sagebiel geplant, 1936 Baubeginn, heute zu 70%fertiggestellt - steht heute wegen großer verkehrs- und baugeschichtlicher Bedeutung unter Denkmalschutz - in Abfertigungshalle befindliche Fachwerkträger mit selbsttätiger Vorspannung zeigen Anfang des Spannbetonbaus - ab 1997 Überarbeitung des Nutzungskonzeptes der Räume über den Fachwerkträgern durch Berliner Flughafengesellschaft - Erfordernis der Abschätzung der Tragfähigkeit der Fachwerkträger T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose - Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen CY - Munich, Germany DA - 21.01.1999 KW - Fachwerkträger KW - Mechanische Kennwertermittlung KW - Vergleichsstahlproben PY - 1999 AN - OPUS4-36517 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Combined cell and nanoparticle models for TOPAS to study radiation dose enhancement by Monte-Carlo based particle scattering Simulations N2 - Dose enhancement by gold nanoparticles (AuNP) increases the biological effectiveness of radiation damage in biomolecules and tissue. To apply them effectively during cancer therapy their influence on the locally delivered dose has to be determined.[1] Hereby, the AuNP locations strongly influence the energy deposit in the nucleus, mitochondria, membrane and the cytosol of the targeted cells. To estimate these effects, particle scattering simulations are applied. In general, different approaches for modeling the AuNP and their distribution within the cell are possible. In this work, two newly developed continuous and discrete-geometric models for simulations of AuNP in cells are presented. [2] These models are applicable to simulations of internal emitters and external radiation sources. Most of the current studies on AuNP focus on external beam therapy. In contrast, we apply the presented models in Monte-Carlo particle scattering simulations to characterize the energy deposit in cell organelles by radioactive 198AuNP. They emit beta and gamma rays and are therefore considered for applications with solid tumors. Differences in local dose enhancement between randomly distributed and nucleus targeted nanoparticles are compared. Hereby nucleus targeted nanoparticels showed a strong local dose enhancement in the radio sensitive nucleus. These results are the foundation for ongoing experimental work which aims to obtain a mechanistic understanding of cell death induced by radioactive 198Au. T2 - #RSCposter 2023 CY - Online meeting DA - 28.02.2023 KW - AuNP KW - Beta decay KW - Brachytherapy KW - Cancer treatment KW - Clustered nanoparticles KW - DNA KW - DNA damage KW - Dosimetry KW - Energy deposit KW - Geant4 KW - Geant4-DNA KW - Gold Nanoparticles KW - LEE KW - Livermore model KW - Low energy electrons KW - MCS KW - Microdosimetry KW - Monte-Carlo simulation KW - NP KW - OH radical KW - Penelope model KW - Radiation damage KW - Radiation therapy KW - Radiationtherapy KW - Radiotherapy KW - Radioactive decay KW - Radiolysis KW - Simulation KW - TOPAS KW - TOPAS-nbio KW - beta particle KW - particle scattering PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57060 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hoell, A. T1 - On the usage of anomalous SAXS to analyzethe structure and composition of bimetallic nanoparticles and quantum dots N2 - Tailor-made nanoparticles are of increasing interest in e.g. catalysis, as sensor materials, analytical assays, or can have superior photophysical properties. A major issue concerning the preparation of high-quality and functional nanoparticles is a good control of particle size, shape, polydispersity, and composition. Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is a non-destructive method for the analysis of nanostructures in a wide variety of materials. This method allows determining averaged structural parameters on a length scale from just above atomic sizes up to several 100 nanometers such as sizes, size distributions, volume fractions, and inner surface sizes. Moreover, anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (ASAXS) exploits the anomalous dispersion of the scattering amplitudes near the X-ray absorption edges of the elements contained in the sample. These element sensitive contrast variations can be used to analyse average composition fluctuations on the nm scale. Two kinds of nanoparticles are chosen here to elaborate the advantages of ASAXS in the analysis of complex materials. A facile and efficient methodology is developed for the thermal synthesis of size-tunable, stable, and uniform bimetallic NiCu core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) for various application in catalysis. Their diameter can be tuned in a range from 6 nm to 30 nm and the Ni:Cu ratio is adjustable in a wide range from 1:1 to 30:1. The NPs are structurally characterized by a method combination of transmission electron microscopy, anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS), X-ray absorption fine structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Here, we focus on the ASAXS method and its ability to analyses nanostructure parts and their compositions at once. As a result, a NiCu alloyed core surrounded by a Ni enriched shell and an outer NiO shell was found. Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) are well known for their superior photophysical properties and enabled advancements in several key technologies of the 21st century and numerous technological applications like in photovoltaics, LED displays, photocatalysis, and biosensing. To achieve high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) and enhanced photostability the QD core needs to be passivated by a second semiconductor, which possess a larger band gap to confine the charges within the QD core. An important parameter is thereby the lattice mismatch between the core and shell. To avoid strong lattice strain, which would alter the photophysical properties, an intermediary shell can be used as a lattice adapter between the core and the outer shell leading to core/shell/shell systems. These systems have shown to possess high PLQYs combined with a strong long-term stability and can be found in modern QLED displays. ASAXS was used here to better understand the core/shell/shell structure of InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs to enable a correlation between their structural and photophysical properties. T2 - IUCr - International Union of Crystallography CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 22.08.2023 KW - ASAXS KW - Quantum dot KW - Core/shell materials KW - Safer by design PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58812 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herbst, Tristan T1 - Einsatzpotenzial und nachhaltige Verwertung von Hausmüllverbrennungsaschen als Gesteinskörnungen im Beton N2 - Im Hinblick auf eine nachhaltige Entwicklung sollen nach dem KrW/AbfG der Rohstoffeintrag und der Abfallaustrag in den Lebensphasen eines Bauwerks durch weitgehende Verwertung von Sekundärrohstoffen (Reststoffen) möglichst gering gehalten werden. Ein Einsatz von Reststoffen wie Hausmüllverbrennungsaschen (MV-Aschen) im Betonbau kann potenziell einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung leisten. T2 - Tagung Bauchemie CY - Freiberg, Germany DA - 08.10.2009 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-22966 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Sebastian A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Selleng, Christian T1 - A new sample holder for fast xrd investigation on UHPC N2 - A new sample holder is described in this poster. It was developed in BAM for fast XRD investigation on UHPC (ultra high performance concrete). Results measuring solid, i.e. not pulverized, samples are shown. T2 - GeoBerlin 2015 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.10.2015 KW - Building Materials KW - UHPC KW - X-ray diffractometry PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36949 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Haamkens, Frank A1 - Linde, O. T1 - Untersuchungen an Beton mit Hausmüllverbrennungsasche als Gesteinskörnung N2 - Hausmüllverbrennungsasche soll aufgrund ihrer chemisch-mineralogischen Eigenschaften als Gesteinskörnung zur Herstellung von Normalbetonen eingesetzt werden. Durch Bestandteile, wie Chloride, metallisches Aluminium und Altglasfragmente, entstehen aber in kürzester Zeit beträchtliche Betonschäden. Durch zusätzliche mechanische, chemische oder thermische Aufbereitungsschritte können diese betonschädigenden Inhaltsstoffe minimiert werden. Dadurch lässt sich die Qualität der Asche soweit verbessern, dass sie gut zur Betonherstellung verwendbar ist. T2 - GDCh-Fachtagung Bauchemie CY - Siegen, Germany DA - 27.09.2007 KW - Normalbeton KW - Chloride KW - Aluminium KW - Altglasfragmente KW - Betonschäden PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-36506 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Fritz, Thomas T1 - Untersuchungen zur Präzision von Porositätsmessungen an Zementmörtel N2 - Ermittlung der Präzision des Messverfahrens Quecksilberporosimetrie für die Materialklasse Zementmörtel durch Ringversuche nach ISO 5725 T2 - 10. Workshop über die Charakterisierung von Feinteiligen und Porösen Festkörpern CY - Bad Soden, Germany DA - 14.11.2000 KW - Quecksilberporosimetrie KW - Ringversuche KW - ISO 5725 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-36512 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Rübner, J. A1 - Knölle, G. A1 - Tschritter, H. T1 - Porosität neuer anorganisch-organischer Nanoverbunde N2 - Kiefernholz wird durch Imprägnieren mit einem Vorkondensat aus organischen Disäuren und Glycerin, das kolloidale Kieselsäure enthält, sowie nachfolgende Ofenhärtung in Kieselsäure/Alkydharz/Holz-Verbunde umgewandelt. Diese Nanoverbunde haben eine geringere Porosität als Holz, da Teile der Holzzellen mit Harz und Kieselsäure ausgefüllt sind. Die kugelförmigen, etwa 60 nm großen (SiO1)x-Teilchen liegen in der Polymermatrix mikrophasensepariert vor. Der kolloidale Zustand der eingebrachten Polykieselsäure bleibt erhalten. Durch ihr günstiges Eigenschaftsprofil sind die Verbundmaterialien als modifizierter Holzbaustoff interessant. T2 - 3. Tagung Bauchemie CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 27.09.2001 KW - Kiefernholz KW - Disäuren KW - Glycerin KW - Kieselsäure KW - Holzbaustoff PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-36507 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Munsch, Sarah Mandy T1 - 1H NMR Relaxometry: A Reliable Tool for Predicting Durability Properties? N2 - Resistance to carbonation and chloride migration are critical durability properties in cementitious construction materials. The ingress of CO2 and chlorides can lead to concrete deterioration and reinforcement corrosion, underscoring the importance of ensuring high resistance to these durability-reducing factors. Traditional methods, such as determinating the carbonation coefficient using standard procedures, are time-consuming and resource-intensive. These tests typically require 42 days of preconditioning, followed by 70 days before the final results can be determined using a phenolphthalein test, for a total duration of 112 days. In addition, some test chambers can only accommodate four samples at a time. In this study, we investigate whether 1H NMR relaxometry can effectively predict not only the carbonation resistance, KAC,3%, but also the chloride migration coefficient, DRCM, and the compressive strength, fc, of concrete, providing a method that could potentially streamline and accelerate the material development process by directing us quickly to potentially well-suited formulations. We performed measurements on non-carbonated fully saturated concrete and mortar samples at 28, 56, and 92 days using the NMR tomograph at BAM (8.9 MHz). Notably, the NMR measurements taken at 28 days showed no significant differences, suggesting that this timeframe is sufficient for meaningful results. The samples analyzed were drill cores, each 70 mm in diameter and approximately 120 mm in height. The NMR features we focused on included the initial amplitude E0, the x and y values of the dominant T2 relaxation time, and the logarithmic mean of the T2 relaxation time distribution. Another key feature was the surface relaxivity, which was determined by comparing the NMR curves with results from mercury intrusion porosimetry. We examined the correlation of these NMR features with the aforementioned durability properties, which were determined in a laboratory on sister samples using standard procedures. No chloride migration tests were performed on the mortar samples, and the carbonation procedure was carried out unter atmospheric conditions. The preliminary results show that the correlation factors for the NMR features with the carbonation coefficients of concrete were particularly remarkable. The strongest correlations were observed for the dominant relaxation time and the logarithmic mean, with values approaching 1. The preliminary results also indicate that there are high correlations between the compressive strength and amplitude-related features. In contrast, no strong correlations are observed for the DRCM. Although the results related to the mortar samples are still being analyzed, these initial correlations suggest that 1H NMR relaxometry could be a valuable tool for early assessment of material properties. Furthermore, the rapid and non-destructive nature of NMR measurements, requiring only a few minutes per sample, suggests that this technique has the potential to significantly accelerate the process of evaluating durability properties in cementitious materials. This capability also paves the way for the use of NMR features as input for AI-driven predictive models. T2 - Magnetic Resonance in Porous Media 2024 CY - Tromso, Norway DA - 26.08.2024 KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance KW - SLAMD KW - Carbonation KW - Durability PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61058 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bahlmann, Stefanie A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Untersuchungen zur Verwertung industrieller Reststoffe als Ersatz von Primärrohstoffen in Mörtel und Beton N2 - Um den Abbau primärer Rohstoffe zu reduzieren, wurden deponierte oder niederwertig eingesetzte industrielle Reststoffe hinsichtlich einer höherwertigen Verwendung im Betonbau untersucht. Zur Bewertung des Einsatzpotentials als Zementbestandteil oder Betonzusatzstoff erfolgte zunächst eine chemisch-mineralogische und betontechnologische Charakterisierung der Materialien. Reststoffe, die die normativen Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Zementzusammensetzung erfüllen, wurden anschließend zu verschiedenen Anteilen als Zementsubstitut in Mörtel eingesetzt. In vergleichenden Untersuchungen erfolgte die Ermittlung der Frisch- und Festmörteleigenschaften. Kalorimetrische Untersuchungen sollten die Auswirkungen der Reststoffe auf die Zementhydratation zeigen. Ausgewählte Untersuchungsergebnisse an Reststoffen aus der Industrieabwasseraufbereitung, dem Altpapierrecycling, der Biomasseverbrennung und der Metallurgie werden vorgestellt. T2 - 17. Internationale Baustofftagung IBAUSIL 2009 CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 23.09.2009 KW - Industrieabwasseraufbereitung KW - Altpapierrecycling KW - Biomasseverbrennung KW - Metallurgie PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-36516 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wallau, Wilma T1 - Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion in Beton - Entwicklung eines Prognoseverfahrens N2 - Zur Vermeidung der schädigenden Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion in Betonbauwerken wird die Alkalireaktivität von Gesteinskörnungen im Vorhinein getestet. Der 60°C-Betonversuch ermöglicht eine vergleichsweise schnelle Einschätzung nach fünf-monatiger Testzeit. Dazu wird die Dehnung von Betonprüfkörpern, die mit der zu testenden Gesteinskörnung hergestellt wurden, manuell alle 28 Tage gemessen. Ein alternatives, an der BAM in den vergangen Jahren entwickeltes Verfahren setzt Dehnungssensoren ein, um kontinuierlich und online zu messen. Die Dehnungskurven sind eine gute Grundlage sowohl für die Prognose vom Expansionsverhalten während des Tests als auch für die Validierung von Expansionsmodellen. T2 - 3. Workshop im Themenfeld Material zu den Schwerpunktthemen "Laufende Projekte und neue Aktivitäten" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.10.2016 KW - Baustoffe KW - Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-40156 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stohl, Leonie T1 - Bioreceptivity of structured concrete panels N2 - Understanding the fundamentals of bioreceptivity enables the developement of functionalized materials. Concrete as the most used building material worldwide is of special interest as microbially greened panels may represent an alternative to classic façade greening with plants. � This project includes extensive outdoor experiments, in which eight differently structured concrete panels are weathered under different conditions, aiming to grow a stable biofilm of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Documentation and data analysis of this experiment will be demonstrated using an example of one of the surfaces. T2 - Word Green Infrastructure Congress 2023 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.06.2023 KW - Bioreceptivity KW - Concrete KW - Material design PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57919 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Höhne, Patrick T1 - Utilization of an ultra sound atomizer for spray granulation of oxide ceramic fine powder N2 - Spray drying based granulation processes aim for flowable granules neither containing voids nor hard shells thus leading to a homogenous microstructure in the green and sinter bodies without strength reducing large pores. The increase of the specific surface area due to the utilization of finer powders as raw materials makes the production of granules of demanded quality more sophisticated. Innovations regarding additives as well as process engineering are therefore required. While conventional spray granulation processes of ceramic materials are based on rotational, one stream or two stream nozzles for nebulization, the investigations in the ZIM project concentrate on the applicability of an ultra sound atomizer unit. A spray dryer comprised of the aforementioned ultra sound atomization unit implemented in a commercial spray dryer (Niro, Denmark) was used as test system. Potential advantages of the ultra sound nebulization are investigated for model systems of alumina, zirconia and a ZTA composite while focusing on solids content, yield, pressability and granule properties (size, size distribution, flowability, shape and microstructure) as well as the final sinter body properties (density, microstructure and flexural strength). First ultra sound spray drying experiments yielded granules with excellent processability. Spray drying of identical slurries, as before tested and optimized for a two stream nozzle atomization process, resulted in a more suitable size distribution for dry pressing (less particles below 20 µm) and a higher yield. Furthermore, sinter bodies produced of ultra sound granules seem to have less large pores and a more homogenous microstructure T2 - 92. Jahrestagung der deutschen keramischen Gesellschaft CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.03.2017 KW - Ceramics KW - Spray drying KW - Ultra sound KW - Atomization KW - Microstructure PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-39588 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sentker, Kathirn A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Fabrication of organic nanowires by melt infiltration of a discotic liquid crystal: A combined X-ray diffraction and optical birefringence study N2 - Optical polarimetry and angle dependent X-ray scattering in employed to study the structure of a discotic liquid crystal confined into nanochannels. The pore size dependence of the obtauned data are discussed in detail. T2 - DPG Spring Meeting 2017 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 20.03.2017 KW - Discotic Liquid Crystals KW - Nanoconfinement PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-39591 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Structure, Dynamics and Phase Behavior of a Discotic Liquid Crystal Confined in Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membranes N2 - The interest in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) has been rapidly growing due to its numerous applications in separation, catalysis, energy generation and storage, electronics, and sensors. From the scientific point of view, AAO is a topical interest in soft matter fields. Spatial confinement of soft matter in nanoporous media influences its structure, thermodynamics, and mobility. Embedding polymers and liquid crystals into nanopores of AAO results in a 2D nanoconfinement of these materials. This confinement affects their properties, compared to the bulk, such as phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, molecular mobility, and architecture of the crystallization. On the other hand, discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are a promising class of soft matter for electronic applications. This is due to their ability to organize and stack themselves into columns in a hexagonal columnar mesophase, a mesophase in between the plastic crystalline and isotropic phase, driven by the overlap of the π orbitals of their aromatic core. This leads to a high charge-carrier mobility along the column axis. Further, these columns could then be considered as “molecular nanowires”. In this study, 2,3,6,7,10,11 hexakis[hexyloxy] triphenylene (HAT6), a triphenylene based DLC, was confined into nanoporous AAO membranes. The structure, dynamics and the phase behavior of the confined HAT6 were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). HAT6 was embedded into nanoporous AAO membranes by melt infiltration in the isotropic phase under argon atmosphere. The membranes have parallel aligned cylindrical nanopores, with pore diameter of 10, 20, 25, 40, 80, 120 and 180 nm. The filling degree for each sample was checked by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to ensure complete filling. Bulk HAT6 forms a hexagonal columnar phase; in between the isotropic phase above 371 K and the plastic crystalline phase below 340 K. Unlike the bulk, the confined HAT6 split the plastic crystalline-to-hexagonal columnar phase transition in two, which might be interpret as two different phase structures; close to the wall and at the pore center. Moreover, the isotropic-to-columnar transition of the confined HAT6 shifted, with decreasing pore diameter, to lower temperatures. Furthermore, pore surfaces of a series of membranes were chemically modified, resulting in a more hydrophobic pore surface than the unmodified ones. HAT6 was embedded into the modified membranes by the same aforementioned preparation. The influence of the changed host-guest-interaction, on the structure, dynamics, and the phase behavior of HAT6 confined in the modified membranes, was also investigated by BDS and DSC. T2 - 9th International Conference on Porous Media & Annual Meeting CY - Rotterdam, The Netherlands DA - 08.05.2017 KW - Nanoporous media KW - Anodic Aluminum Oxide KW - Discotic Liquid Crystal PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40089 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schadow, Florian T1 - Sende-Empfangs-Prüfköpfe auf Ferroelektret-Basis für Luftultraschall-Anwendungen N2 - Leichtbaustrukturen aus Verbundwerkstoffen stellen einen immer größeren Anteil im Flugzeug- und Automobilbau dar. Hiermit steigt die Nachfrage nach zuverlässigen, zerstörungsfreien Prüfmethoden, welche an solche Strukturen angepasst sind. Besonders Luftultraschall (LUS) eignet sich für diese Aufgabe, da hier kein Koppelmedium benötigt wird. Derzeit wird für diese Methode jedoch oft ein beidseitiger Bauteilzugang für eine Prüfung in Durchschallung vorausgesetzt. Handelsübliche Prüfköpfe für Luftultraschallanwendungen nutzen zudem meist Anpassschichten um den Impedanzunterschied zwischen Schwinger und Luft zu reduzieren. Sowohl Signal-Rausch-Abstand als auch die Bandbreite der resultieren-den Prüfköpfe ist für viele Anwendungen jedoch nicht ausreichend. Durch den Einsatz von Ferroelektreten wie zellulärem Polypropylen (zPP) kann hingegen vollständig auf Anpassschichten verzichtet werden. Hierbei handelt es sich um polarisierte, zelluläre Polymerschichten mit sehr geringer Dichte, Steifigkeit und Schallgeschwindigkeit. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir drei verschiedene Sende-Empfangs-Prüfköpfe vor, welche auf zellulärem Polypropylen basieren. Anhand von Schallfeld, Signal-Rausch-Abstand und Sendepegel werden diese Prüfköpfe charakterisiert. Die Ergebnisse werden mit den Ergebnissen von Referenzprüfköpfen ohne Sende-Empfangs-Charakteristik verglichen. Bei den Referenzprüfköpfen werden sowohl handelsübliche LUS-Prüfköpfe, sowie bisher entwickelte Prüfköpfe aus zellulärem Polypropylen berücksichtigt. T2 - DGZFP Jahrestagung 2017 CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 22.05.2017 KW - Sende-Empfangs Prüfkopf KW - Ferroelektret KW - Zelluläres Polypropylen KW - Charakterisierung KW - Luftultraschall PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40430 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Testing of pressurized vessels N2 - The results are based on data1. Figure 3 displays temperatures of the tank wall and of the gas phase over testing time. It can be seen that a complete coating strongly delayed the heating of tank wall and gas phase, whereas the partly coated tanks only had a minor influence on temperature development. There was no significant difference between a half coated and a thirdly coated tank measurable. Figure 4 shows the internal pressure of tanks over testing time. Only the fully coated tank enabled a low pressure over 90 min testing time. Hence, a complete coating is necessary to guarantee the fire safety of hazmat tanks and a partly coating is not sufficient. T2 - Annual Conference on Engineering and Information Technology CY - Nagoya - Japan DA - 29.03.2017 KW - Fire KW - Testing KW - Vessels KW - Dangerous goods PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-39843 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlichting, S. A1 - Hönig, Gerald T1 - Tuning of the quantum-confined Stark effect in wurtzite [0001] nanostructures by the internal-field-guarded-active-region design N2 - In this work we eliminate the QCSE without having any special requirements on the growth procedure or the material. Hönig et al. developed the Internal-Field-Guarded-Active-Region Design (IFGARD), which we experimentally investigate in this work based on GaN/AlN nanodiscs (NDs). T2 - Compound Semiconductor Week 2017 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.05.2017 KW - Halbleiterphysik KW - Nanophysik KW - Optoelektronik KW - Piezopolarisation KW - Spontane Polarisation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40174 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulz, Bärbel T1 - High-temperature stability of ceramic springs N2 - Metallic springs undergo oxidation and creep at elevated temperatures and their use is limited to temperature of about 650°C. Therefore, there is a need for stable materials which can easily withstand temperatures up to 1000°C for long periods in different atmospheres. Ceramic materials have been drawing attention due to their excellent properties. This work aimed at investigating the high-temperature stability of zirconia and alumina ceramic springs at elevated temperatures under different atmospheres (air, N2 and H2) in order to determine the limitation of use of these ceramic springs. T2 - DKG 2017 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.03.2017 KW - Ceramic spring KW - High-temperature stability KW - Harsh environments KW - Spring constant PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40289 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Czarnecki, Sebastian T1 - Synthesis of hybrid inorganic/organic homopolymers via ATRP and RAFT: A practical comparison N2 - The synthesis of hybrid inorganic/organic copolymers, using reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques, has been an intensively studied research topic over recent years. A plethora of hybrid inorganic/organic copolymers were synthesized, including hybrid inorganic/organic block copolymers as well as random copolymers,[1–4] that showed great potential in fabricating hybrid (nano)materials with tailored properties [5]. Two widely employed RDRP techniques to prepare such hybrid inorganic/organic copolymers are atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [1,2] and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization [3,4]. In order, to afford hybrid inorganic/organic copolymers with narrow dispersity, high conversions and precise structures, it is required to choose proper reaction conditions. Due to the importance of both ATRP and RAFT in the preparation of such hybrid polymers, we aim to compare both RDRP techniques by preparing 2-acetoxyethyl methacrylate (AcEMA) and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TESPMA) based homopolymers. For this purpose, AcEMA and TESPMA were polymerized in 1,4-dioxane at 60 °C mediated by CuBr/N,N,N',N'-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) and 2-(2-carboxylethylsulfanylthiocarbonyl-sufanyl) propionic acid (TTC) as well as cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) to evaluate the suitability and reliability of ATRP and RAFT to prepare such hybrid (co)polymers. T2 - Berlin Chemie Symposium 2017 CY - TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany DA - 06.04.2017 KW - Hybrid inorganic/organic copolymers KW - ATRP KW - RAFT PY - 2017 UR - https://bcs.jcf-berlin.de/BCS2017/BoA2017.pdf AN - OPUS4-40280 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kotschate, Daniel T1 - Hochauflösende Reinheitsgradbestimmung – Fertigung von Referenzfehlern N2 - Regelwerke zur zerstörungsfreien Bestimmung des Reinheitsgrades wie das SEP 1927 und die ASTM E588 erreichen ihre Vergleichbarkeit unter Anwendung von - vergleichsweise einfachen - Referenzfehlern. Hinsichtlich Realisierbarkeit wird somit der Kompromiss zwischen Herstellung des Referenzfehlers und der erreichbaren Nachweisgrenze gefunden. Zur Weiterentwicklung über die Grenzen der SEP1927 hinaus, wurde der Versuch unternommen Fehler kleiner 500 μm herzustellen - welche aufgrund der geringen geometrischen Ausdehnung fertigungsbedingt schwierig zu realisieren sind. Bei den vergleichenden Untersuchungen kristallisierten sich zwei Fertigungsverfahren, Funkenerosion (EDM: electrical discharge maching) und die Fertigung der Bohrungen unter Verwendung eines Hochleistungslasers, als vielversprechend heraus. Zunächst wurden die Fehler mit beiden Verfahren in unterschiedlichen Größen (100, 250 und 100 μm) und Tiefen (1, 1,5 und 2 mm) unter Anwendung von computertomographischen Verfahren der Röntgenprüfung, die Geometrie der eingebrachten Fehlstellen und anschließend durch hochauflösende Tauchtechnikmessungen das Reflektionsverhalten charakterisiert. T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 22.05.2017 KW - Materialcharakterisierung KW - Reinheitsgradbestimmung KW - Ultraschalltauchtechnik PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40353 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Woydt, Mathias T1 - Potentials of niobium carbide (NbC) as cutting tools and for wear protection N2 - Niobium is today largely available. NbC grades displayed lower dry sliding friction over WC grades. The softer Ni- and NiMo-bondes NbC1.0-grades have a higher abrasive wear resistance (ASTM G65), even with lower toughnesses, as the tougher WC-Co grades. T2 - 19. Plansee Seminar CY - Reutte, Austria DA - 29.05.2017 KW - Niobium carbide (NbC) KW - Cutting tools KW - Hardness PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40512 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wäsche, Rolf T1 - Colloidal processing of metal bonded niobium carbide (NbC-Ni) N2 - The manufacturing of NbC with Ni binder with addition of titanium carbide by using a colloidal process for blending the different powders without a milling step were investigated. The the sintering process and formation of the resulting microstructures, the phase relations and the hardness of the produced cermet materials are characterized. T2 - 19. Plansee Seminar CY - Reutte, Austria DA - 29.05.2017 KW - Niobium carbide (NbC) KW - Cermets KW - Hardness PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40513 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Léonard, Fabien T1 - CT for additive manufacturing process characterisation: assessment of melt strategies on defect population N2 - Selective Electron Beam Melting (SEBM) is a promising powder bed Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique for near net-shape manufacturing of high-value titanium components. However, as with every emerging technique, the manufacturing processes can still be greatly improved and optimised. In particular, the links between AM settings and the resulting sample porosity is of great interest, as the fatigue life of SEBM parts is currently dominated by the presence of porosity. In this study, the size, volume fraction, and spatial distribution of the pores in model samples have been characterised in 3D, using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), and correlated to the SEBM process variables. A strong relationship was found with the different beam strategies used to contour, and infill by hatching, a part section. The majority of pores were found to be small spherical gas pores, concentrated in the infill hatched region. Rarer irregular shaped pores were mostly located in the contour region and have been attributed to a lack of fusion between powder particles. T2 - Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography iCT2016 CY - Wels, Austria DA - 09.02.2016 KW - Titanium KW - Additive Manufacture KW - Selective Electron Beam Melting KW - Pores KW - Defects KW - X-ray Computed Tomography PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-39186 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kabelitz, Anke T1 - Time resolved WAXS studies on the crystallization of Al13 keggin clusters N2 - We report on the in situ investigation of the Al13 sulfate synthesis by WAXS. Al13 sulfates were crystallized by precipitating hydrolyzed aluminum solutions by the addition of sodium sulfate. The measurements were performed using an acoustic levitator. The study provides information about the intermediates during the crystallization process. T2 - Eighth Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.12.2016 KW - In situ KW - Crystallization KW - WAXS PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-39365 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kabelitz, Anke T1 - A02: Time-resolved WAXS studies on the crystallization of Al13 keggin clusters N2 - Polynuclear aluminium species (Al13 keggin cluster) find application in different areas like water purification, contaminant transport, and as pilling clays with high specific surface areas, due to their strong binding ability to aggregates and high positive charge. In the present contribution, we report on the in situ investigation of the Al13 sulfate synthesis by synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Al13 cluster were crystallized by precipitating hydrolyzed aluminum solutions by the addition of sodium sulfate. The measurements were performed using a custom-made acoustic levitator as sample holder. The study provides information about the intermediates during the crystallization process. From the data, a mechanism was derived indicating the influence of the crystallization process. T2 - International Symposium of the CRC 1109 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.02.2017 KW - WAXS KW - In situ KW - Crystallization PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-39367 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Becker, Ben T1 - Aging of composite pressure cylinder (COD-AGE) N2 - Subject, Aim and methods within the Project COD-AGE. Test methods and condition monitoring for Composite-cylinders T2 - Follow-up Workshop on statistical safety assessment CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Aging KW - Composite cylinder KW - Non destructive testing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-39087 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - John, Sebastian T1 - Lebensdauerabschätzung von Composite-Druckgefäßen / COD-AGE N2 - Ermittlung von Kennwerten und Modelbildung zur Lebensdauerabschätzung von Composite-Druckgefäßen. T2 - 3. Workshop Themenfeld Material CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.10.2016 KW - Composite-Druckgefäße KW - Lebensdauer KW - FEM KW - Bruchmechanik PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-39090 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Stefan T1 - Elastic wave propagation of ultrasound in bituminous road surfaces – simulations and measurements N2 - Maintenance costs of road infrastructure are increasing steadily. Adverse environmental impacts on infrastructure get more and more important as well. Therefore, it is important to determine how limited financial resources can be directed with an optimum pay-out. The present study takes first steps towards the usage of low-frequency ultrasound as a tool to evaluate the road condition. T2 - International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering 2015 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2015 KW - Wave propagation KW - Ultrasonic KW - NDT KW - Simulation PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-38837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akhmetova, Irina T1 - In situ investigation of mechanochemical syntheses of metal phosphonates N2 - We report on the in situ investigation of mechanochemical syntheses of metal phosphonates. The metal phosphonates are formed in milling reactions starting from a metal acetate and a phosphonic acid. The conversions are observed by synchrotron PXRD and Raman spectroscopy to shed light on the reaction mechanisms including possible intermediates. T2 - 8th HZB User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.12.2016 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ KW - Metal phosphonates KW - XRD KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38780 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Einfluss der Oberflächennachbearbeitung auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Schweiß-nähten des Duplexstahls 1.4062 N2 - Die Korrosionsbeständigkeit geschweißter Konstruktionen aus nichtrostenden Duplexstählen wird von den Schweißparametern und der Nachbehandlung der Oberflächen bestimmt. Eine etablierte Methode der Schweißnahtnachbehandlung ist das Strahlen der Oberfläche mit Glasperlen. Diese Methode soll aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen durch das Strahlen mit Korund ersetzt werden, welches deutliche Zeit- und Kostenvorteile bietet. Besonders bei der Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit hat sich das Schleifen mit Korund bereits als nachteilig erwiesen, weshalb diese Umstellung auch beim Stahlen kritisch hinterfragt wird. Daher wurden Probeschweißungen bei der Firma Modersohn hergestellt und mit verschiedenen Oberflächenbearbeitungsmethoden (Glasperlenstrahlen, Korundstrahlen, Beizen, Elektropolieren, Schleifen) nachbehandelt. Diese verschiedenen Oberflächenzustände wurden analytisch (REM, Rauheit) charakterisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit vergleichend untersucht werden, um die Eignung des Strahlens mit Korund zu beurteilen. T2 - GfKORR-Jahrestagung 'Duplex-Stähle – Nische oder Zukunft ?' CY - Frankfurt/M., Germany DA - 15.11.2016 KW - Korrosionsbeständigkeit KW - Schweißnähte KW - Duplexstahl PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-39470 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Kauss, Norman T1 - Einfluss des Schwefelgehalts auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit des nichtrostenden Stahls 1.4404 N2 - Die Korrosionsbeständigkeit nichtrostender Stähle wird maßgeblich von ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung bestimmt. Der tendenzielle Einfluss ist für die Hauptlegierungselemente in der wissenschaftlichen Fachliteratur beschrieben. Bei Begleitelement Schwefel gibt es dagegen keine konkreten Untersuchungen die belegen, ab welchem Gehalt mit einer Verringerung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit zu rechnen ist. Im Lichtbogenschmelzofen wurden verschiedene Legierungen mit abgestuftem Schwefelgehalten hergestellt, um den Einfluss dieses Begleitelementes auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit systematisch zu untersuchen. Die KorroPad-Prüfung und die Bestimmung kritischer Lochkorrosionspotentiale wurden zur Charakterisierung der Legierungen genutzt. Beide Methoden belegen eine zunehmende Verringerung der Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit mit dem Schwefelgehalt. T2 - GfKORR-Jahrestagung 'Duplex-Stähle – Nische oder Zukunft ? CY - Frankfurt/M., Germany DA - 15.11.2016 KW - Schwefelgehalt KW - Korrosionsbeständigkeit KW - Nichtrostender Stahl PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-39472 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, C. T1 - Einfluss der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit martensitischer nichtrostender Stähle N2 - Martensitische nichtrostende Stähle werden in verschiedenen technischen Bereichen eingesetzt, bei denen eine optimale Kombination aus hoher mechanischer Festigkeit und guter korrosiver Beständigkeit gefordert wird. Beide Eigenschaften werden in der Industrie primär durch die Wärmebehandlung gesteuert. Die Korrosionseigenschaften sind dabei stark von der diffusionsbedingten Bildung und Auflösung von Chromkarbiden abhängig. In vergangenen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit nach dem Austenitisieren einen großen Einfluss auf die Bildung solcher Karbide hat. Der Einfluss der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit auf die Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit wurde an den Stählen 1.4108 und 1.4116 systematisch untersucht. Mit Hilfe des Stirnabschreckversuches wurde dabei die Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten variiert und anschließend die Veränderung von Gefüge, Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit und Härte untersucht. Als Ergebnis konnten kritische Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten ermittelt werden, bei denen eine kritische Verringerung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit einsetzt. T2 - GfKORR-Jahrestagung 'Duplex-Stähle – Nische oder Zukunft ?' CY - Frankfurt/M., Germany DA - 15.11.2016 KW - Korrosionsbeständigkeit KW - Martensitische nichtrostende Stähle KW - Abkühlgeschwindigkeit PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-39473 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh T1 - Determination of an approximate anisotropic model for a given geometrical complex isotropic structure by means of finite element method and least-squares adjustment N2 - Many engineering structures are made of composite materials or metal foam. To simulate the deformational behaviour of these structures often requires a high number of discretisation elements. This in turn yields a very large system of linear equations that are extremely time and memory consuming or practically impossible to solve. It is therefore desirable to find an approach to overcome this obstacle. T2 - PhD Day 2016 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.09.2016 KW - Least-Squares Adjustment KW - Inverse Analysis KW - Finite Element Method PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37521 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh T1 - Approximate model for geometrical complex structures N2 - Many engineering structures are made of composite materials or metal foam. To simulate the deformational behaviour of these structures often requires a high number of discretisation elements. This in turn yields a very large system of linear equations that are extremely time and memory consuming or practically impossible to solve. It is therefore desirable to find an approach to overcome this obstacle. T2 - 33rd Danubia- Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Inverse analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Least-squares adjustment PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37523 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Madkour, Sherif T1 - Dielectric investigations on carbon nanomembranes N2 - Multilayer carbon nanomembrances (CNMs) could pave the way for a new ultrathin functional conductive coatings with tunable electrical, optical, and chemical properties. Due to their molecular thickness, they can also be regarded as “interfaces without bulk” separating regions of different gaseous, liquid, or solid components and controlling the materials exchange between them, making them optimal materials for membranes applications. Furthermore, their physical and chemical properties depend strongly on their structure, molecular composition, and the surroundings of either sides, thus allowing for tailored properties. Here, nanolayers of Aromatic p-terphenylthiol (TPT) self-assembled into 2D carbon monolayers (thickness - 1.6 nm) were synthesized and further crosslinked by ion bombardment, forming CNMs. Here, though a recently developed multilayer nanosheets routine, stacks of 5, 10, 15 and 20 TPT sheets where transferred on top of each other forming a multilayered CNMs. However, this transfer routine could introduce some intrinsic defects to the sheets, which would alter the molecular composition and / or structure, thus consequently the CNMs properties. Therefore, it is essential to characterize defects in “pure” TPT nanomembranes, before tailoring the molecular compositions, e.g. adding functional groups. For this reason, broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) was utilized to characterize any defects that could be rasied during preparation. Due the structure of pure TPT membranes, no dipole moment should exsist. However, the presence of other elements, e.g. water or sulphur, would result in a dipole moment that could be probed by BDS. As a main result, for all different stacked-layer numbers, a clear relaxation process is seen, which moves to higher frequencies with increasing the temperature. The temperature dependence of the relaxation rate of this process is independent of film thickness and can be well described by a common VFT function, hence a corporative motion. This relaxation process was assigned to intrinisic defects in the membranes, introduced during preparation, which was further confimed by a detailed anaylsis of the dielectric strength. This is the first BDS measurment on TPT CNMs. T2 - 9th International Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Pisa, Italy DA - 11.09.2016 KW - Carbon nanomembranes PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37527 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -