TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Soares, A.P. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Baum, D. A1 - Hesse, B. A1 - Zaslansky, P. T1 - Untersuchung der Integrität von glasfaserverstärkten Zahnstiften mittels Synchrotron-Röntgenrefraktion T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2022 N2 - Die Integrität der Verstärkungsfasern in Komposit-Zahnstiften ist entscheidend für die Biegefestigkeit und die langfristige Haftung am Zement in den Wurzelkanälen. Es wurde vermutet, dass die Integrität von glasfaserverstärkten Zahnstiften durch das Beschleifen während der zahnmedizinischen Behandlung beeinträchtigt wird. Eine Beschädigung der Fasern führt zu einer erheblichen strukturellen Schwächung über den gesamten Stiftdurchmesser. Glasfragmente, die durch den Kontakt mit dem Zahnbohrer entstehen, können sich vom Stift lösen und die Haftfähigkeit erheblich verringern. Mit Hilfe hochauflösender Synchrotron-Röntgen-Refraktions-Radiographie (SXRR) konnte das Ausmaß der Schäden zuverlässig identifiziert und charakterisiert werden. Dazu wurden die Glasfaserstifte sowohl im Herstellungszustand als auch nach der Bearbeitung mit einem Diamantbohrer untersucht. Die Datensätze wurden zur Visualisierung und Quantifizierung der morphologischen Charakteristika intakter und durch das Beschleifen beschädigter Regionen analysiert. Sie zeigen Schäden im bearbeiteten Bereich (z. B. Brüche, Splitter und Risse) sowie herstellungsbedingte Inhomogenitäten der Fasern mit einer signifikanten Zunahme der inneren Oberflächen in Probenregionen, die durch das Beschleifen beschädigt wurden. T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2022 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 23.05.2022 KW - Röntgen-Refraktion KW - Verbundwerkstoffe KW - Zahnstifte PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549231 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-54923 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pohl, P. A1 - Serrano Munoz, Itziar A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Göken, Mathias A1 - Höppel, H. W. T1 - Toughening mechanisms and enhanced damage tolerant fatigue behaviour in laminated metal composites N2 - In the present study, fatigue crack growth (FCG) in a laminated metal composite (LMC) consisting of Al-based constituents with dissimilar strength was studied. Additionally, the FCG in both monolithic constituent materials was determined and a linear elastic rule of mixture (ROM) concept was calculated as a reference for the FCG of the laminated composite. Crack networks in the laminates were analyzed post-mortem by means of light microscopy and synchrotron X-Ray tomography (SXCT). Significantly reduced FCG rates for the LMC were found at elevated stress intensity ranges compared to both the monolithic constituents as well as the ROM concept. This is the result of the formation of a complex 3D crack network in the laminated architecture caused by the appearance of the two different toughening mechanisms a) crack deflection and b) crack bifurcation at the vicinity of the interfaces. T2 - Ninth International Conference on Low Cycle Fatigue CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.06.2022 KW - Laminated metal composite KW - Damage tolerance KW - Fatigue crack growth KW - Toughening mechanism KW - Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.48447/LCF9-2022-035 SP - 153 EP - 158 PB - DVM AN - OPUS4-55231 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cysne Barbosa, Ana Paula A1 - Azevedo do Nascimento, Allana A1 - Pavasarytė, Lina A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Melo, D. T1 - Effect of addition of thermoplastic self-healing agent on fracture toughness of epoxy T2 - Proceedings of 6th Brazilian Conference on Composite Materials N2 - Self-healing agents have the potential to restore mechanical properties and extend service life of composite materials. Thermoplastic healing agents have been extensively investigated for this purpose in epoxy matrix composites due to their strong adhesion to epoxy and their ability to fill in microcracks. One of the most investigated thermoplastic additives for this purpose is poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA). Despite the ability of thermoplastic healing agents to restore mechanical properties, it is important to assess how the addition of thermoplastic healing agents affect properties of the original epoxy material. In this work, EMAA was added to epoxy resin and the effect of the additive on fracture toughness of epoxy was evaluated. Results indicate that although added in low concentrations, EMAA can affect fracture toughness. T2 - 6th Brazilian Conference on Composite Materials CY - Tiradentes, Minas Gerais, Brazil DA - 14.08.2022 KW - Epoxy KW - Self-healing KW - Thermoplastic KW - Fracture PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572707 SN - 978-65-00-49386-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.29327/566492 SN - 2316-1337 SP - 219 EP - 222 AN - OPUS4-57270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Munsch, Sarah A1 - Bintz, Thilo A1 - Heyn, R. A1 - Hirsch, H. A1 - Grunewald, J. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Detailed investigation of capillary active insulation materials by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetric drying T2 - NDT-CE 2022 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering N2 - Capillary active interior insulation materials are an important approach to minimize energy losses of historical buildings. A key factor for their performance is a high liquid conductivity, which enables redistribution of liquid moisture within the material. We set up an experiment to investigate the development of moisture profiles within two different interior insulation materials, calcium-silicate (CaSi) and expanded perlite (EP), under constant boundary conditions. The moisture profiles were determined by two different methods: simple destructive sample slicing with subsequent thermogravimetric drying as well as non-destructive NMR measurements with high spatial resolution. The moisture profiles obtained from both methods show good agreement, when compared at the low spatial resolution of sample slicing, which demonstrates the reliability of this method. Moreover, the measured T2-relaxation-time distributions across the sample depth were measured, which may give further insight into the saturation degree of the different pore sizes. In order to explain differences in the moisture profiles between CaSi and EP, we determined their pore-size distribution with different methods: conversion of the NMR T2 relaxationtime distribution at full saturation, mercury intrusion porosimetry and indirect determination from pressure plate measurements. CaSi shows a unimodal distribution at small pore diameters, while in EP, a bi-modal or wider distribution was found. We assume that the smaller pore diameters of CaSi lead to a higher capillary conductivity, which causes a more distributed moisture profile in comparison with that of EP. T2 - NDT-CE CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Insulation material KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance KW - Capillary conductivity KW - Pore-size distribution PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579172 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/27205 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 27 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-57917 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Prabhakara, Prathik A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Stolpe, Heiko A1 - Behrens, Matthias A1 - Lay, Vera A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Construction and validation of a novel phased array borehole probe for ultrasonic investigations at sealing structures in radioactive repositories T2 - Proceedings of NDT-CE 2022 N2 - A new type of ultrasonic borehole probe is currently under development for the quality assurance of sealing structures in radioactive waste repositories using existing research boreholes. The goal is to examine the sealing structures made of salt concrete for possible cracks, delamination, and embedded objects. Earlier prototype probes use 12 or 16 individual dry point contact (DPC) horizontal shear wave transducers grouped into a transmitter and a receiver array, each made up of six or eight individual transducers. They are operated with a commercially available portable ultrasonic flaw detector used in the civil engineering industry. To increase the generated sound pressure of the borehole probe, the number of transducers in the novel probe is increased to 32. In addition, timed excitation of each probe is used to direct a focused sound beam to a specific angle and distance based on calculated time delays. Hence, the sensitive test volume is limited, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signals is improved. This paper presents the validation of the newly developed phased array borehole probe by beam computation in CIVA software and experimental investigations on a semi-cylindrical test specimen to investigate the directional characteristics. In combination with geophysical reconstruction techniques, an optimised radiation pattern of the probe is expected to improve the signal quality and thus increase the reliability of the imaging results. This is of great importance for the construction of safe sealing structures needed for the disposal of radioactive or toxic waste. T2 - NDT-CE 2022 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Borehole probe KW - Phased array technique KW - SealWasteSafe KW - Monitoring KW - Engineered barrier; PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568016 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-56801 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Breese, Philipp Peter A1 - Becker, Tina A1 - Oster, Simon A1 - Altenburg, Simon A1 - Metz, C. A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane T1 - Aktive Laserthermografie im L-PBF-Prozess zur in-situ Detektion von Defekten T2 - DGZfP-Berichtsband N2 - Die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von metallischen Bauteilen hergestellt mit additiver Fertigung (Additive Manufacturing - AM) gewinnt zunehmend an industrieller Bedeutung. Grund dafür ist die Feststellung von Qualität, Reproduzierbarkeit und damit auch Sicherheit für Bauteile, die mittels AM gefertigt wurden. Jedoch wird noch immer ex-situ geprüft, wobei Defekte (z.B. Poren, Risse etc.) erst nach Prozessabschluss entdeckt werden. Übersteigen Anzahl und/oder Abmessung die vorgegebenen Grenzwerte für diese Defekte, so kommt es zu Ausschuss, was angesichts sehr langer Bauprozessdauern äußerst unrentabel ist. Eine Schwierigkeit ist dabei, dass manche Defekte sich erst zeitverzögert zum eigentlichen Materialauftrag bilden, z.B. durch thermische Spannungen oder Schmelzbadaktivitäten. Dementsprechend sind reine Monitoringansätze zur Detektion ggf. nicht ausreichend. Daher wird in dieser Arbeit ein Verfahren zur aktiven Thermografie an dem AM-Prozess Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) untersucht. Das Bauteil wird mit Hilfe des defokussierten Prozesslasers bei geringer Laserleistung zwischen den einzelnen gefertigten Lagen unabhängig vom eigentlichen Bauprozess erwärmt. Die entstehende Wärmesignatur wird ort- und zeitaufgelöst durch eine Infrarotkamera erfasst. Durch diese der Lagenfertigung nachgelagerte Prüfung werden auch zum Bauprozess zeitversetzte Defektbildungen nachweisbar. In dieser Arbeit finden die Untersuchungen als Proof-of-Concept, losgelöst vom AM-Prozess, an einem typischen metallischen Testkörper statt. Dieser besitzt eine Nut als oberflächlichen Defekt. Die durchgeführten Messungen finden an einer eigens entwickelten L-PBF-Forschungsanlage innerhalb der Prozesskammer statt. Damit wird ein neuartiger Ansatz zur aktiven Thermografie für L-PBF erforscht, der eine größere Bandbreite an Defektarten auffindbar macht. Der Ansatz wird validiert und Genauigkeit sowie Auflösungsvermögen geprüft. Eine Anwendung am AM-Prozess wird damit direkt forciert und die dafür benötigten Zusammenhänge werden präsentiert. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2022 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 23.05.2022 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion KW - Thermografie KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Aktive Laserthermografie PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550353 SN - 978-3-947971-25-1 VL - 177 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. AN - OPUS4-55035 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völker, Christoph A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Moreno Torres, Benjami A1 - Firdous, R. A1 - Zia, G. J..A. A1 - Stephan, D. T1 - Accelerating the search for alkali-activated cements with sequential learning T2 - FIB Conference 2022 N2 - With 8% of man-made CO2 emissions, cement production is an important driver of the climate crisis. By using alkali-activated binders, part of the energy-intensive clinker production process can be dispensed. However, as numerous raw materials are involved in the manufacturing process here, the complexity of the materials increases by orders of magnitude. Finding a properly balanced binder formulation is like looking for a needle in a haystack. We have shown for the first time that artificial intelligence (AI)-based optimization of alkali-activated binder formulations can significantly accelerate research. The "Sequential Learning App for Materials Discovery" (SLAMD) aims to accelerate practice transfer. With SLAMD, materials scientists have low-threshold access to AI through interactive and intuitive user interfaces. The value added by AI can be determined directly. For example, the CO2 emissions saved per ton of cement can be determined for each development cycle: the more efficient the AI optimization, the greater the savings. Our material database already includes more than 120,000 data points of alternative binders and is constantly being expanded with new parameters. We are currently driving the enrichment of the data with a life cycle analysis of the building materials. Based on a case study we show how intuitive access to AI can drive the adoption of techniques that make a real contribution to the development of resource-efficient and sustainable building materials of the future and make it easy to identify when classical experiments are more efficient. T2 - fib International Congress CY - Oslo, Norway DA - 12.06.2022 KW - Concrete KW - Materials Design KW - Sequential Learning KW - Machine Learning PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-56634 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -