TY - CONF A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian T1 - Synchrotron based absorption edge tomography for §D characterization of the microstructure of MG-Y-Zn alloys N2 - Absorption edge tomography is a method which exploits the sudden change of the attenuation coefficient, when the photon energy crosses the absorption edge of an element. The beamline BAMline at BESSY II, which is operated by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, can provide a monochromatized beam in a photon energy range from 5 keV up to 80 keV with a bandwidth of 2%. Together with the microtomography setup, this enables differential tomography sensitive to any element with N >= 24 (Cr) by using an appropriate K- or L-edge in this range. Here, absorption edge tomography at the Yttrium edge is employed to perform a non-destructive 3D characterization of the microstructure of a high strength Mg-Y-Zn alloy. The long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase which forms fibres in this material was extracted based on the Yttrium content and the fibre length distribution was analysed. T2 - Ninth Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.12.2017 KW - Synchrotron KW - Computed Tomography KW - Absorption edge KW - BAMline PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43854 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fabry, Çağtay T1 - Sensorgestütztes MSG-Engspaltschweißen mit modifizierter Prozessführung (IGF-Nr. 17.923N / DVS-Nr. 03.111) N2 - Präsentation von Versuchsaufbau und Ergebnissen zu IGF-Projekt 17.923N. Darstellung einer Methodik zur automatisierten Regressionsmodellierung eines Lichtbogensensors zur Höhenführung mittels künstlicher neuronaler Netze durch Einbindung optischer Sensorik als Referenzmesswert. T2 - Sitzung DVS AG V 2.4 „Schweißen mit abschmelzender Elektrode MIG/MAG” CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.04.2018 KW - MSG-Engspaltschweißen KW - Automatisierung KW - Lichtbogensensorik KW - Künstliche neuronale Netze KW - Digitalisierung PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-44543 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Dynamics of nanoscopically confined PVME in thin films of an asymmetric PVME/PS blend N2 - In recent years, substantial efforts have been devoted to investigating nanoscopic confinement of polymers, and its effect on glassy dynamics. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) was used to study the dynamics of ultra-thin films of PVME/PS 50/50 wt% blend, employing a novel nano-structured capacitor sample arrangement. The investigated system shows a complex dynamic behavior. First, an α-relaxation, related to a bulk-like layer was found. Second, an α’-relaxation was observed, characteristic for dynamically asymmetric blends, where the out of equilibrium dynamics is attributed to weakly-cooperative PVME segments relaxing within a frozen environment of PS segments. Thirdly, for thinnest films, an Arrhenius-like process was dominant in the dielectric spectra, indicating localized fluctuations of the segments. Relaxation rates of this process resembled that of the degenerated α-relaxation of the adsorbed layer, found for pure PVME, thus it was assigned accordingly. For thinnest films, this process undergoes a further confinement, due to the topological constraints, introduced by PS. Such multiple confinement effect has not been reported for ultra-thin films of polymer blends, before this study. T2 - Spring Meeting of German Physical Society CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.03.2018 KW - Thin polymeric films PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44502 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Collective Orientational Order and Phase Behavior of a Discotic Liquid Crystal under Confinement N2 - Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are a promising class of soft matter for electronic applications. This is due to their ability to self-organize into columns in a hexagonal columnar mesophase, driven by the overlapping of the π orbitals of their aromatic cores. This leads to a high charge-carrier mobility along the column axis. Previous studies on DLCs showed that their properties, such as phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, are susceptible to nanoconfinement. In this study, 2,3,6,7,10,11 hexakis[hexyloxy] triphenylene (HAT6) was confined into parallel aligned cylindrical nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes by melt infiltration. Furthermore, the pore surfaces of a series of membranes were chemically modified, resulting in a more hydrophobic pore surface than the unmodified ones. Collective orientational order and phase behavior of HAT6 confined into modified and unmodified nanopores of AAO were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry respectively. T2 - Spring Meeting of German Physical Society CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.03.2018 KW - Discotic Liquid Crystals PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Omara, Shereen T1 - Structure−property relationships of hyperbranched polyamine ester/Ka-DCA nanocomposites N2 - Hyperbranched polyamine ester (HPAE)/ kaolinite nanocomposites were papered via an ex situ (solution-based) method. The kaolinite has been modified by dodecylamine (DCA). SAXS measurements revealed that the Ka interlayer space increased from 0.71 to 3.6 nm-1. A partly exfoliated structure of the HPA/Ka-DCA nanocomposites was proved by SAXS and TEM. By a combination of BDS and SHS, the relaxation properties of the nanocomposites were investigated in dependence on frequency and temperature. The activation energies of γ-relaxation for the nanocomposites were lower than the values found for the pure HPAE. The segmental dynamics (α- relaxation) was found to be screened out by the conductivity contribution. While it is retrieved by SHS employing AC-chip calorimetry. A systematic change of the dynamic glass transition estimated by AC-chip calorimetry was observed, which is in agreement with a behavior expected for a confined sample. The confinement effect of the Ka-DCA nanofillers reduces the glass transition temperature Tg and enhances, meanwhile, the electrical conductivity of the polymer. By comparing the temperature dependence of the dynamic glass transition measured with SHS and that of the dc conductivity measured by dielectric spectroscopy, a decoupling in their temperature dependencies was found. With increasing concentration of the nanofiller, which results in a stronger glass-formation behavior, this decoupling becomes weaker. T2 - Spring Meeting of German Physical Society CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.03.2018 KW - Nanocomposites PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44522 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gawek, Marcel T1 - Growth Kinetics and Molecular Mobility of Irreversibly Adsorbed Layers in Thin Polymer Films N2 - In well-annealed thin polymer films, with non-repulsive polymer/substrate interactions, an irreversibly adsorbed layer is expected to form. These adsorbed layers have shown great potential for technological applications. However, their growth kinetics and molecular dynamics are still not fully understood. This is partially due to the hard accessibility of these layers in thin films. Here, the irreversibly adsorbed layers of homopolymer thin films are revealed by solvent-leaching experiments. First, the growth kinetics of these layers is investigated as a function of annealing times and original film thickness. The thickness, topography and quality of the adsorbed layer is controlled with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Secondly, the molecular mobility of the adsorbed layer is investigated with Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). A recently developed nanostructured capacitor is employed to measure the adsorbed layers with a free surface layer. The results are quantitatively compared and discussed with respect to recently published work. T2 - Spring Meeting of German Physical Society CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.03.2018 KW - Thin polymeric films KW - Dielectric spectroscopy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Age-hardening behaviour, microstructure and corrosion resistance of the copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 N2 - The copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 (X5CrNiCuNb16-4) is used in different areas due to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Strength and corrosion resistance can be adjusted by the heat treatment, which is of importance for the application of this alloy. The mechanical properties (strength and hardness) are attributed to the dispersive precipitation of the copper rich ε–Phase. The additional precipitation of chromi-um carbides can reduce the corrosion resistance. Different ageing states were produced to investigate the precipitation behaviour with various methods. Furthermore, the influence of cold-rolling on the precipitation behaviour was studied in comparison to a solution annealed state without deformation. The microstructure was studied by SEM and the variations of hardness and magnetic proportion were characterised. The electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) was used to determine the corrosion resistance and detect chromium depletion in all heat-treated states. The results show that a work hard-ening accelerates the precipitation rate, while ageing at 600 °C reduces the corrosion resistance due to chromium depletion. T2 - 20. Werkstofftechnischen Kolloquium CY - Chemnitz, Germany DA - 14.03.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - Heat treatment KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - EPR KW - Corrosion testing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44553 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kulla, Hannes T1 - In situ investigations of a mechanochemical cocrystal formation by X-ray diffraction for two different milling jar materials N2 - Mechanochemistry has become a valuable method for the synthesis of new materials, especially for pharmaceutical cocrystals. The Advantages of fast reactions in high purity and yield face a lack of understanding the underlying mechanism. Therefore, in situ setups to study mechanochemical reactions have been established. Herein, we present an in situ investigation of the mechanochemical cocrystal formation of pyrazinamide (PZA) with pimelic acid (PM) using synchrotron XRD. Two new polymorphs of PZA:PM (1:1) were synthesized by milling the starting materials in milling jars of different materials. While Form I is only obtained using a steel jar, Form II can be obtained purely in jars made of Perspex. In situ XRD experiments reveal a direct formation of Form II in Perspex and an intermediate formation of Form II in steel jars converting to Form I upon further grinding. Heating experiments and DFT calculations predict that Form II is the thermodynamically more stable polymorph. Therefore, the reaction progress in the steel jar contradicts Ostwald’s rules of stages as the more stable Form II converts into the metastable Form I. Hence, mechanochemistry offers the possibility to synthesize new materials that cannot be obtained using conventional methods. T2 - Adlershofer Forschungsforum 2017 CY - HU-Berlin, Erwin-Schrödinger Zentrum, Germany DA - 10.11.2017 KW - Cocrystal KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Polymorph KW - In situ KW - Milling PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42956 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Moldenhauer, Laura T1 - Experimental modeling approach for determining the moisture damping exponent of a bluetooth low energy signal in moist building material N2 - We investigated, the damped Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signal, transmitted from the BLE-module embedded in building materials with changing moisture content, Fig. 1. The BLE-module communicates with a mobile Smart Device as tablet via 2.45 GHz-ISM-frequency band where water dipoles start to oscillate, Fig. 2. The damping model demonstrates this damping effect on RSSI by the abstraction of the reality observed in a real system. Through the reproduction of the active relationships, the system behavior is decomposed in such a way that a separate consideration of the required system parameters is possible. T2 - 34th DANUBIA ADRIA SYMPOSIUM on Advances in Experimental Mechanics (DAS 2017) CY - Trieste, Italy DA - 18.09.2017 KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Long-term monitoring KW - Bluetooth Low Energy KW - BLE KW - Moisture KW - Network Communication KW - Experimental study KW - Modellierung PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42966 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclega, D. T1 - High temperature corrosion resistance of Inconel 686 coatings in aggresive environments N2 - The work presents the microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties of Inconel 686 coatings after high - temperature corrosion in environment of aggressive gases. To produce the Ni - base weld overlays the QS Nd:YAG laser beam was used. The substrates were 13Mo4-5 boilers plate steel. Ni - base alloys characterize the excellent high temperature corrosion resistance, good strength and good ability to work in aggressive environments. Applied overlays had a proper combination of the metal substrate in particular small amount of Fe. This could be achieved by the reduction of the melting of the substrate and its dissolution into the overlays. The microstructure, chemical composition of the obtained overlays were investigated by means of a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with the EDS detector. The overlays had cellular-dendritic structure. The variations of the chemical composition (especially Mo, Ni and W ) in the interdendritic and dendritic regions were observed. The interdendritic regions were enriched during solidifications in Mo and W and had lower content of Ni. T2 - EUROCORR 2017 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 03.09.2017 KW - Inconel 686 KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Laser cladding PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44197 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclega, D. T1 - The microstructure of weld overlay Ni - base alloy deposited on carbon steel by laser QS-Nd:YAG N2 - Ni- base alloys are used as a one of the most important coating material and can be applied in a different environments and elements of devices having various applications. To protect the surface of the material from aggressive gases at high temperature, there are use different kinds of the Ni- base alloys. One of such alloy is Ni-Cr-Mo-W called commercial Inconel 686. This alloy based on NiCr22Mo9Nb (Inconel 625), in which content of molybdenum increased and niobium was replaced with the addition of tungsten, in order to counteract the strong segregation in the microstructure, which results in homogeneity of the chemical composition of the structure. Inconel 686 is also characterized by greater resistance to high temperature corrosion and heat resistance than Inconel 625. The Inconel 686 alloy was deposited on 13CrMo4-5 steel by laser QS - Nd:YAG. In the poster the microstructure (SEM) and chemical composition (EDS) of obtained weld overlays were investigated. T2 - EUROMAT 2017 CY - Thessaloniki, Greece DA - 17.09.2017 KW - Nickel based alloy KW - Laser cludding KW - High temperature corrosion resistance PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44195 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Patzig, C. T1 - Surface-initiated microstructure formation in glass ceramics N2 - Up to now, the mechanisms of surface nucleation and surface-induced texture formation are far from being understood. Corresponding phenomena are discussed hypothetically or even controversial, and related studies are restricted to very few glasses. As a main drawback, the vast majority of previous work on oriented growth of surface crystals do not consider the possible effects of glass surface treatments (like polishing defects, adhered particles and cracks, …) or ambient annealing conditions (vacuum or atmospheric pressure) which both can influence crystal nucleation and growth. Moreover, very few observations of crystal orientation related to surface crystallization were focused on separately growing crystals. In conclusion, up to now, no systematic studies on initially oriented crystal growth or nucleation from defined active nucleation sites have been pursued. Therefore, the main objective of the proposed project is to gain a basic understanding of the mechanisms of surface-induced microstructure formation in glass ceramics. We shall answer the question whether preferred orientation of surface crystals is the result of oriented nucleation or caused by other orientation selection mechanisms acting during early crystal growth. In both cases, crystal orientation may be caused by the orientation of the glass surface itself or the anisotropy and orientation of active surface nucleation defects. New techniques of experimental characterization of surface-crystallized glasses shall be applied to find answers to the questions posed above. Based on a controlled preparation and annealing of the glass sample surfaces, that includes the defined creation of active nucleation defects, and followed by the microstructural characterization especially during the very early growth stages of separated surface crystals, the orientation relations between defect and initiated surface crystal will be analyzed. In order to gain new insights, a couple of entirely new microstructure diagnostics techniques, including chemically contrasted XRM, laser-based sample preparation for XRM, and 3D electron backscatter diffraction shall be developed or applied. This way, using X-ray microscopy as a pivotal technique for the non-destructive 3D characterization of relatively large samples at superior spatial resolution (but also complemented by other microstructure diagnostics techniques, e.g. TEM elemental mappings at cross-sectioned samples) unprecedented insights into the microstructure evolution upon surface crystallization of model glasses will be gained. T2 - DFG Begutachtungskolloquium (PAK 949/1 und PAK 950/1) CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 07.03.2017 KW - Oberflächenkeimbildung KW - Glaskeramik KW - Orientierung PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44221 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclęga, Damian T1 - Optimization of laser treatment parameters of Inconel 686 overlay weld on carbon steel 13Mo4-5 N2 - The work presents the effects of the change of the laser cladding parameters on microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties of Inconel 686 overlays (coatings). To obtain the best quality of these coatings the various parameters of laser cladding such as the power density of the laser beam, the laser beam velocity and overlapping ratio of the weld tracks were applied. The substrates were boilers plate made of the 13Mo4-5 steel. Ni - base alloys characterize by the excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance, good strength and good ability to work in aggressive environments. Applied overlays had a proper combination of the metal substrate in particular small amount of Fe. This could be achieved by the reduction of the substrate melting and its dissolution into the overlays. The microstructure, chemical composition of the obtained overlays were investigated by means of a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with the EDS detector. The overlays had cellular-dendritic structure. The variations of the chemical composition (especially Mo, Ni and W ) in the interdendritic and dendritic regions were observed. The interdendritic regions were enriched during solidifications in Mo and W and had lower content of Ni. T2 - METAL 2017 CY - Brno, Czech Republic DA - 24.05.2017 KW - Laser cladding KW - Overlay KW - Chemical composition KW - Inconel 686 PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44464 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kern, Simon T1 - Novel Flow Cell Designs for Process Monitoring with Compact NMR Spectroscopy N2 - Compact nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instruments make NMR spectroscopy and relaxometry accessible in industrial and harsh environments for reaction characterization and process control. Robust field integration of NMR systems have to face explosion protection or integration into process control systems with short set-up times. This paves the way for industrial automation in real process environments. The design of failsafe, temperature and pressure resistant flow through cells along with their NMR-specific requirements is an essential cornerstone to enter industrial production plants and fulfill explosion safety requirements. Additionally, if fast reactions are monitored, suitable mixing devices need to be placed in close vicinity to the measuring volume to mix the reactants properly. NMR-specific requirements aim at full quantitative pre-magnetization and acquisition with maximum sensitivity while reducing sample transfer times and dwell-times. All parameters are individually dependent on the applied NMR instrument. Luckily, an increasing number of applications are reported together with an increasing variety of commercial equipment. However, these contributions have to be reviewed thoroughly. The performance of sample flow cells commonly used in online analytics and especially for low-field NMR spectroscopy was experimentally and theoretically investigated by 1H-NMR experiments and numerical simulations. Especially, the applicability of 3D printed zirconium dioxide for innovative flow cell designs was of interest. Here, we demonstrate and discuss an automated test method to determine the critical parameters of flow through cells for quantitative online NMR spectroscopy. The setup is based on randomized setpoints of flow rates in order to reduce temperature related effects. Five flow cells and tubing were assessed and compared for high-field as well as low-field NMR spectrometers. T2 - Practical Applications of NMR in Industry Conference ​(PANIC) 2018 CY - La Jolla, California, USA DA - 04.03.2018 KW - Process Monitoring KW - Process Control KW - Flow Cell KW - Online NMR Spectroscopy KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - CONSENS PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-444364 N1 - Geburtsname von Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin: Bornemann, M. - Birth name of Bornemann-Pfeiffer, Martin: Bornemann, M. AN - OPUS4-44436 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lange, Thorid T1 - HARFE: Haftfestigkeit Reproduzierbarkeit Festigkeit „Nanoskalige Haftvermittler zur Erhöhung der Haft- bzw. Klebfestigkeit unter Verwendung von ALD-Hybridprozessen“ N2 - Das Poster „HARFE: Haftfestigkeit Reproduzierbarkeit Festigkeit“ widmet sich den nanoskaligen Haftvermittlern zur Erhöhung der Haft- bzw. Klebfestigkeit unter Verwendung von ALD-Hybridprozessen. T2 - Netzwerksymposium “Schützen und Veredeln von Oberflächen”, Wildau CY - TH Wildau, Germany DA - 01.03.2018 KW - Verbundfestigkeit KW - Oberflächenenergie KW - ALD-Beschichtung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44399 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kulla, Hannes T1 - In situ investigations of a mechanochemical cocrystal formation by X-ray diffraction in two different milling jars N2 - We present an in situ PXRD investigation of the mechanochemical cocrystal formation of pyrazinamide with pimelic acid in two milling jar materials. DFT calculations of the two synthesized polymorphs suggest that the relative stability is based on a conformation change of pyrazinamide in the cocrystal. T2 - 3. BAM-BfR Workshop CY - Berlin, Adlershof, Germany DA - 15.02.2018 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Cocrystal KW - Polymorph KW - In situ XRD KW - DFT PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44315 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina T1 - Research and reconstruction of historic gold mosaics N2 - A research project of reconstructing historical gold mosaics deals with reconstructing weatherproof gold and silver mosaics according to historical models. The gold mosaics examinded originate mainly from germany from 1880 to 1920 and are composed of three parts. They consist of a matching support glass, the gold or silver layer and a cover glass. By examining the morphology and layer thicknesses with the ESEM, and using chemical analysis with the EDX, the relationship of glass composition and damage patterns was established. The glass analysis provided quantitative composition data and made it possible to determine its chemical stability. It supplied the basis for calculating glass characteristics and was referred to when casting suitable historical mosaic glass. The analysis of the qualitative composition of the gold and silver layers also served as a model for reconstruction. After testing selected reconstructed gold mosaics in the climate chamber, the ESEM was used for capturing leaching and other process data and the glass composition was optimized accordingly. Over 100 predominantly historical gold mosaics were analyzed and the results entered into a database which can now be consulted for comparative investigations to determine both origin and date. T2 - What comes to mind when you hear mosaics, conserving mosaics from ancient to modern CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 15.10.2017 KW - Gold mosaics KW - Leaching process KW - Composition KW - Database PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43216 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hiller, Th. A1 - Costabel, S. A1 - Müller-Petke, M. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Evaluation of different laboratory NMR devices in a tripartite round robin test N2 - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a well established laboratory / borehole method to characterize the storage and transport properties of rocks due to its direct sensitivity to the corresponding pore fluid saturation (water or oil) and pore sizes. For petrophysical applications there are several different NMR laboratory devices commercially available varying over a wide range of e.g. magnetic field strength / frequency (2 MHz to 30 MHz), applicable measurement protocols (T1, T2, T1-T2, T2-D, etc.) and sample sizes (2.5 cm to 10 cm in diameter). In this work we present NMR measurements, layed out in a round robin like manner, on a set of 20 sandstone samples. We use three different NMR devices containing two standard setups with homogenous magnetic fields (LIAG and RWTH) and one single-sided setup with gradient field (BGR) to measure T1 and T2 relaxation data. In our evaluation we especially focus on the comparison of the individually inverted relaxation time distributions to quantify the differences arising from different laboratory setups. Diverging results can be deduced on the one hand to the inherit differences between homogeneous and gradient fields but on the other hand also due to quality differences between the two homogeneous setups. Additionally, we also examine the influence of the individually chosen inversion parameters (signal processing, distribution sampling points, error weighting, regularization, etc.) to establish a general standardized best practice recommendation for future petrophysical NMR laboratory measurements. T2 - 77. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 27.03.2017 KW - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance KW - Sandstone PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43244 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüth, Peter T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Ringversuchsprogramm für die Chemikaliensicherheit – Methodenvalidierung N2 - Bei der Bewertung der Verlässlichkeit der im Labor gewonnenen Prüfergebnisse spielen Ringversuche eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) unterstützt deshalb den weiteren Ausbau des Ringversuchsprogramms des im Jahr 2007 gegründeten Kompetenzzentrums zur Qualitätssicherung für Prüfungen von Gefahrgütern und Gefahrstoffen auf physikalische Gefahren (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, CEQAT-DGHS). Bei allen bisher untersuchten Prüfmethoden besteht ein Verbesserungsbedarf. Die RV müssen daher zunächst auf die Methodenentwicklung, -verbesserung und -validierung und auf die Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit der jeweiligen Prüfmethode abzielen und nicht auf Leistungstests. T2 - 13. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit CY - Köthen, Germany DA - 16.11.2017 KW - Gefahrgut KW - Gefahrstoff KW - Ringversuch KW - Prüfmethode KW - Validierung KW - Qualitätssicherung PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43301 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. T1 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures on steel for tribological applications N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) can be generated by irradiation of almost any material with linearly polarized laser beams, particularly when using ultrashort laser pulses. Within this work, different types of steel were irradiated at optimized conditions for the processing of large surface areas. For these nanostructured surfaces, the coefficient of friction (COF) using different lubricants was determined and the corresponding wear tracks were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our experiments provide a qualification of the tribologicalperformance of the fs-LIPSS on different steel surfaces, which are relevant for technical applications. T2 - International Conference on Laser Ablation (COLA) CY - Marseille, France DA - 3.09.2017 KW - Femtosecond laser ablation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Tribology KW - Friction and wear KW - Steel PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42358 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. T1 - LiNaBioFluid Laser-induced nanostructures as biomimetic model of fluid transport in the integument of animals N2 - Laser-induced Nanostructures as Biomimetic Model of Fluid Transport in the Integument of Animals”, aims on laser-fabrication of biomimetic surfaces with unique wetting properties, which are inspired by the hierarchical micro- and/or nano- structures of animal body surfaces. LiNaBioFluid is a Research and Innovation Action funded by the European Commissions’ Horizon 2020 - FET Open Programme, which supports early-stage research on any idea for a new technology (Grant Agreement no: 665337). It brings together 7 partners from 4 different countries and is strongly interdisciplinary combining renowned experts from the fields of zoology, physics, mechatronics, life sciences, materials sciences, laser-matter interaction, production technology, tribology, and biomimetics. www.laserbiofluid.eu/ T2 - Science Sets Sail CY - Baltic Sea DA - 2.08.2017 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - EU H2020 project KW - Biomimetics KW - Wetting KW - Tribology KW - Friction and wear KW - Laser ablation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42359 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulte, Petra T1 - Kritische Bewertung der Prüfergebnisse in chemikalienrechtlichen Verfahren: Wie agiert die Behörde? Welche Folgen haben die Ergebnisse für die Rechtsetzung? N2 - Mit nicht-konformen oder schlecht dokumentierten Prüfergebnissen können weder Behörden noch Unternehmen etwas anfangen. Belastbare und eindeutige Informationen aus den Registrierungsdossiers sind entscheidend, damit industrielle und gewerbliche Verwender der Stoffe das Gefahrenpotenzial einschätzen und ggf. Maßnahmen zum Schutz von Menschen und Umwelt treffen können. Darüber hinaus benötigen die Behörden verlässliche Daten aus den Registrierungen, um ihrer Verantwortung bei der Identifizierung regulierungsbedürftiger Stoffe nachkommen zu können. T2 - 13. Fachtagung "Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit" CY - Köthen, Germany DA - 16.11.2017 KW - Prüfmethoden KW - Einstufung KW - REACH KW - CLP KW - Registrierungsdossiers KW - SIEF KW - Qulitätssicherung KW - IUCLID KW - ECHA KW - OECD PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43081 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Griepentrog, Michael T1 - Size effects in electrodeposited Ni-coatings N2 - Polycrystalline Ni materials with grain sizes less than 100 nm (nano crystalline NC) and with grain sizes in the micrometer range (micro crystalline MC) in form of thin films have become important in many technologies due to their improved physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Usual the mechanical properties of such coatings are described by a Hardness value and a Young´s modulus measured by Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT).The behavior of such coatings during indentation test is influenced by different size effects having their representative length scale – grain size, coating thickness, length that characterizes the depth dependence of the hardness (Indentation Size Effect ISE). To estimate realistic values for the intrinsic coating Hardness and Young´s modulus all size effects have to be considered. For this work thin nano crystalline Ni – coatings (average grain size 30 nm) with thickness from 1 μm to 5 μm were electrodeposited on brass substrates. Indentation tests in the continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) mode were provided on as prepared Ni – coatings using a G200 Nanoindentation system (Fa. Keysight). For estimation of the intrinsic hardness of the coatings from composite hardness values calculated from the measured force –displacement curve using the Oliver & Pharr method, the model described by Z.S. Ma [1] was used. It was found that the experimental data can be well described by the model. The fitted values for the intrinsic hardness and the fitting parameters will be given. The different values of intrinsic hardness and of length characterizing depth dependence of the hardness for different coating thickness are discussed as results of changes in the coating structure because of changes in deposition parameters. [1] Z.S. Ma, Y.C. Zhou, S.G. Long, C. Lu: On the intrinsic hardness of a metallic film/substrate system: Indentation size and substrate effects. International Journal of Plasticity 34 (2012) 1-11. This work is supported by European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) (JRP 14IND03 Strength – ABLE) T2 - Conference: Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development CY - Dubrovnik, Croatia DA - 01.10.2017 KW - Size effect KW - Substrate effect KW - Electrodeposited Ni - coatings KW - Instrumented indentation testing PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42664 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai T1 - Localized laser dispersing of titanium-di-boride with pulsed fiber laser N2 - In this paper, titanium-di-boride is dispersed on a cold-working tool steel by use of a pulsed fiber laser with high beam quality to produce separated and elevated surface features. The potential to adjust the geometry as well as the mechanical properties of the produced structures in dependence on the process parameters (pulse power, pulse duration) is described by means of metallographic and topographical investigations. It can be ascertained that very hard (hardness > 1000 HV1) surface features of different shape (spots and short lines) can be produced. They are characterized by a fine-grained microstructure resulting from a rapid solidification and finely dispersed TiB2 particles. Finally, the paper proposes different applications for this structuring technique. T2 - ICALEO 2017 - International congress on applications of lasers & electro-optics CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 22.10.2017 KW - Laser dispersing KW - Titanium-di-boride KW - Surface structuring KW - Laser implantation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Myrach, Philipp A1 - Ziegler, Mathias T1 - Online Laser-thermografische Rissprüfung an Stahl bei hohen Temperaturen N2 - Die Detektion bzw. Charakterisierung von Oberflächenrissen in Stahl ist eine herausfordernde Aufgabe für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn eine solche Prüfung bereits während der Produktion selbst erfolgen soll. Die hier vorgefundenen Randbedingungen, wie z.B. die hohen Probentemperaturen (>700°C) oder Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten von bis zu 0,9 m/min, machen die Anwendung etablierter und vor allem berührender ZfP-Methoden praktisch meist unmöglich. Laser-thermografische Verfahren können hier eine Alternative bieten, da sie berührungslos und schnell arbeiten. Wir stellen die Ergebnisse einer Weiterentwicklung der Laser-thermografischen Prüfung vor, bei der die Anwendbarkeit bzw. die Übertragbarkeit der Methode auf die Bedingungen der Stahlproduktion untersucht wurde. Neben der Simulation der Produktionsbedingungen im Labor und der experimentellen Untersuchung der entscheidenden Einflussgrößen, wurden umfangreiche FEM-Simulationen durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe dieser theoretischen und experimentellen Ergebnisse wurde das Verfahren auch hinsichtlich der Analyse-Algorithmen weiterentwickelt, um eine zuverlässige und schnelle In-Line Prüfung während des Produktionsprozesses zu ermöglichen. Um zudem die Fähigkeiten der Thermografiekamera für schnelle online-Messungen und ihre Integrierbarkeit in verschiedene Anwendungssysteme zu verbessern, wurde die für die Verarbeitung der Detektordaten erforderliche Non-Uniformity Correction der Pixeldaten auf schneller Spezialhardware innerhalb der Kamera implementiert. T2 - Thermografie-Kolloquium 2017 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.09.2017 KW - Rissprüfung KW - Laserthermografie KW - Thermografie KW - Risse PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42922 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Wärmebehandlung und Korrosionsbeständigkeit druckaufgestickter nichtrostender Stähle N2 - Gefüge und Eigenschaften nichtrostender Stählen werden maßgeblich von ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Wärmebehandlung bestimmt. Eine spezielle Werkstoffgruppe der austenitischen nichtrostenden Stähle enthält ca. 19 Gew.-% Mangan und 0,8 Gew.-% Stickstoff, um das austenitische Gefüge ohne das Legieren mit Nickel sicherzustellen. Die herausragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Werkstoffe (Rm von 900 2.000 MPa, A5 > 50 %, Av > 350 J) werden nach der Wärmebehandlung (Lösungsglühen und Abschrecken) durch gezielte Kaltverfestigung eingestellt. Das Lösungsglühen beseitigt vorhandene Kaltverfestigung und unerwünschte Ausscheidungsphasen (Cr2N, M23C6 und Sigma-Phase) und bewirkt die homogene Verteilung der Legierungselemente (insbesondere Stickstoff) im Austenit. Dies ist zur Erzielung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit von entscheidender Bedeutung. Im Poster werden systematische Untersuchungen zur Korrosionsbeständigkeit dieser vielversprechenden Werkstoffklasse vorgestellt und die Interaktion zwischen Legierungszusammensetzung, Wärmebehandlung, Gefüge und Korrosionsbeständigkeit dargestellt. Insbesondere der Einfluss von Warmauslagerungsversuchen nach dem Abschrecken wird dabei charakterisiert. Die vom Gefüge bedingten Veränderungen der Korrosionsbeständigkeit werden durch verschiedene Methoden (EPR, KorroPad, Lochkorrosionspotentiale) ermittelt und interpretiert. T2 - Werkstoffwoche 2017 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.09.2017 KW - Wärmebehandlung KW - Korrosion KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - EPR KW - KorroPad KW - Sensibilisierung KW - Stickstoff KW - ThermoCalc PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42831 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dieck, S. A1 - Ecke, M. A1 - Harnisch, K. A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Gefüge- und Phasenanalyse biokompatibler Co-Cr-Mo-Legierung N2 - Co-Cr-Mo-Werkstoffe sind im Bereich der Biomaterialien weit verbreitet und werden für Endoprothesen eingesetzt. Deren Lebensdauer ist jedoch durch tribologische und korrosive Dauerbelastung begrenzt. Um die Anzahl operativer Eingriffe am Patienten zu minimieren, ist es notwendig den Werkstoff hinsichtlich Verschleißbeständigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit zu optimieren. Hierfür ist ein umfassendes Verständnis der legierungsabhängigen Phasenbildung und –entwicklung während Herstellung und Wärmebehandlung notwendig. An einer speziellen Co-Cr-Mo Legierung werden verschiedene Untersuchungen zur Gefügecharakterisierung durchgeführt. Dabei werden die auftretenden Phasen thermodynamisch berechnet, mittels XRD nachgewiesen, die Phasenmorphologie durch EBSD analysiert, die Elementverteilung durch EDX-Analyse ermittelt und die Ergebnisse durch Farbätzen verifiziert. Das Ziel der Untersuchungen ist es, Optimierungspotentiale bei Herstellung und Wärmebehandlung zu identifizieren. T2 - Werkstoffwoche 2017 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.09.2017 DA - 29.09.2017 KW - CoCrMo KW - Gefüge KW - ThermoCalc KW - EBSD KW - Farbätzen PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42832 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, C. T1 - Wärmebehandlung und Korrosionsbeständigkeit druckaufgestickter nichtrostender Stähle N2 - Gefüge und Eigenschaften nichtrostender Stählen werden maßgeblich von ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Wärmebehandlung bestimmt. Eine spezielle Werkstoffgruppe der austenitischen nichtrostenden Stähle enthält ca. 19 Gew.-% Mangan und 0,8 Gew.-% Stickstoff, um das austenitische Gefüge ohne das Legieren mit Nickel sicherzustellen. Die herausragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Werkstoffe (Rm von 900 2.000 MPa, A5 > 50 %, Av > 350 J) werden nach der Wärmebehandlung (Lösungsglühen und Abschrecken) durch gezielte Kaltverfestigung eingestellt. Das Lösungsglühen beseitigt vorhandene Kaltverfestigung und unerwünschte Ausscheidungsphasen (Cr2N, M23C6 und Sigma-Phase) und bewirkt die homogene Verteilung der Legierungselemente (insbesondere Stickstoff) im Austenit. Dies ist zur Erzielung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit von entscheidender Bedeutung. Im Poster werden systematische Untersuchungen zur Korrosionsbeständigkeit dieser vielversprechenden Werkstoffklasse vorgestellt und die Interaktion zwischen Legierungszusammensetzung, Wärmebehandlung, Gefüge und Korrosionsbeständigkeit dargestellt. Die vom Gefüge bedingten Veränderungen der Korrosionsbeständigkeit werden durch verschiedene Methoden ermittelt und interpretiert. T2 - GfKORR-Jahrestagung 2017 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 07.11.2017 KW - Wärmebehandlung KW - Korrosion KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - EPR KW - KorroPad KW - Sensibilisierung KW - Stickstoff KW - ThermoCalc PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42833 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Sensibilisierungsverhalten vom nichtrostenden Lean-Duplexstahl 1.4062 N2 - Der nichtrostende Lean-Duplexstahl 1.4062 (X2CrNiN22-2) verbindet die hohe Festigkeit des Ferrits mit der Duktilität und Zähigkeit des Austenits in einem zweiphasigen Gefüge mit sehr hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Die höchste Korrosionsbeständigkeit wird erreicht, wenn das ferritisch-austenitische Gefüge frei von weiteren Sekundärphasen ist. Dies wird durch ein gezieltes Lösungsglühen bei 1050 °C mit anschließender Abschreckung in Wasser erreicht. Durch thermische Beeinflussung (z.B. beim Schweißen) können Sekundärphasen ausgeschieden und die Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Werkstoffs gesenkt werden. Dies wurde durch eine isotherme Warmauslagerung bei 500 °C bis 900 °C für 0,1 h bis zu 72 h simuliert. Die Veränderung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit wurde mit dem DL-EPR-Verfahren und durch die angepasste KorroPad-Prüfung ermittelt. Die ermittelten Anfälligkeitsbereiche wurden miteinander Verglichen und in zwei Sensibilisierungsschaubildern zusammengefasst. T2 - GfKORR-Jahrestagung CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 07.11.2017 KW - Duplexstahl KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - Wärmebehandlung KW - Korrosion KW - EPR KW - KorroPad KW - Sensibilisierung PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42834 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kulla, Hannes T1 - In situ PXRD monitoring of a mechanochemical cocrystal formation in milling jars of different material N2 - We present an in situ PXRD investigation of the mechanochemical cocrystal formation of pyrazinamide with pimelic acid in two milling jar materials. In the steel jar a polymorph transformation presenting an exception of Ostwald’s rule of stages is observed. T2 - BESSY User Meeting 2017 CY - Bessy II (HZB), Berlin, Germany DA - 14.12.2017 KW - In situ KW - XRD KW - Polymorph KW - Cocrystal KW - Milling PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43502 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kormunda, M. T1 - Study of magnetron sputtering deposited ultrathin FeSnOx films for Surface Plasmon Resonance sensors towards gas sensing applications N2 - In this study, series of coatings with the goal of sensitising gold SPR sensors towards CO, NH4, etc. were prepared. To better understand the mechanism behind the sensitizing effect and to enable the targeted production of optimized layers, the wide range of coatings was studied by multiple methods from spectroscopic ellipsometry for their dielectric function, by XPS for chemical composition and SEM, TEM to determine their microscopic structure. The coatings were deposited at inert Ar gas and reactive Ar/O2 gas mixture by RF magnetron sputtering or DC pulsed magnetron sputtering with settable RF bias on the substrates. The plasma processes were monitors by mass spectrometry. The metal oxide coatings in SPR sensors have to be prepared reproducible with thickness about 5 nm therefore lower deposition rate conditions were advantages. T2 - THE 14th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SPUTTERING & PLASMA PROCESSES,ISSP 2017 CY - Kanazawa, Japan DA - 05.07.2017 KW - Surface Plasmon Resonance KW - Magnetron sputtering KW - FeSnOx PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43536 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - In situ investigations of mechanochemical reactions - new insights in formation pathways N2 - Mechanochemistry is increasingly used for synthesizing soft matter materials including metal organic compounds and cocrystals. The ever-increasing interest in this method is contrasted by a limited mechanistic understanding of the mechanochemical reactivity and selectivity. Time-resolved in situ investigations of milling reactions provide direct insights in the underlying mechanisms. We recently introduced a setup enabling in situ investigation of mechanochemical reactions using synchrotron XRD combined with Raman spectroscopy. The specific combination allows to study milling processes comprehensively on the level of the molecular and crystalline structure and thus obtaining reliable data for mechanistic studies. In situ Raman spectroscopy coupled with thermography revealed a low temperature increase during milling reactions due to the mechanical impact and clear temperature increases because of the reaction heat. Based on the data, temperature rises as postulated in the magma plasma and hot spot theory can be excluded for soft matter milling syntheses. Our results indicate that in situ investigation of milling reactions offer a new approach to tune and optimize mechanochemically synthesized compounds. T2 - Wissenschaftsforum Chemie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.09.17 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43563 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kelly, U. A1 - Richter, S. A1 - Schladitz, K. A1 - Scheuerlein, C. T1 - Nb3Sn wire shape and cross sectional area inhomogeneity in Rutherford cables N2 - During Rutherford cable production the wires are plastically deformed and their initially round shape is distorted. Using X-ray absorption tomography we have determined the 3D shape of an unreacted Nb3Sn 11 T dipole Rutherford cable, and of a reacted and impregnated Nb3Sn cable double stack. State-of-theart image processing was applied to correct for tomographic artefacts caused by the large cable aspect ratio, for the segmentation of the individual wires and subelement bundles inside the wires, and for the calculation of the wire cross sectional area and shape variations. The 11 T dipole cable cross section oscillates by 2% with a frequency of 1.24 mm (1/80 of the transposition pitch length of the 40 wire cable). A comparatively stronger cross sectional area variation is observed in the individual wires at the thin edge of the keystoned cable where the wire aspect ratio is largest. T2 - 13th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity, EUCAS 2017 CY - Geneva, Switzerland DA - 17.09.2017 KW - X-ray computer tomography KW - Image processing KW - Superconducting KW - CERN KW - µCT PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43493 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heilmann, Maria T1 - Real Time In Situ Study of Simvastatin Crystallization on Levitated Droplets N2 - In this contribution we describe an in-situ study of the crystallization of simvastatin in three solvents. The studies were carried out by solvent evaporation at the µSpot beamline using acoustically levitated solution droplets in combination with simultaneous X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and imaging analysis. T2 - 10th Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2018 KW - Crystallization KW - Simvastatin KW - In-Situ Characterization PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46965 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akhmetova, Irina T1 - Mechanochemical synthesis of metal phosphonates N2 - The exploration of metal phosphonates chemistry has gained great interest during the last decades, because of their structural diversity. Transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates for an application as electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Here, we present the in situ investigation of mechanochemical syntheses of different manganese phosphonates by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Nitrilotri(methylenephosphonic acid) and N,N-Bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine were chosen as ligands. The liquid-assisted milling process can be divided into three steps, including an amorphous stage. One of the products has not been obtained by classical solution chemistry before. These metal phosphonates and/or their derivatives are considered to be active in electrochemical energy conversion. The verification of their applicability is one of the topics of our resent research. T2 - Fundamental Bases of Mechanochemical Technologies CY - Novosibirsk, Russia DA - 25.06.2018 KW - Metal phosphonates KW - Mechanochemistry KW - PXRD KW - Thermography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46996 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Haferkamp, Sebastian T1 - In situ investigation of mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensations of benzaldehyde derivates N2 - Mechanochemistry is known for short reaction times, nearly quantitative conversions, and decreasing amount of solvents. Among organic syntheses, the Knoevenagel condensation is an important C-C bond forming reaction. We investigated the reaction of benzaldehyde derivates (nitro- and fluoro-derivates) with malononitrile syntheses by a combination of different in situ investigation techniques. T2 - BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2018 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akhmetova, Irina T1 - In situ investigation of milling reactions and structure determination of the products using X-ray diffraction N2 - Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. By milling the reactants, various organic, inorganic, and metal-organic compounds can be obtained in high yields. Although mechanochemistry is widely used, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood making mechanochemical reactions difficult to predict. Metal phosphonates are metal-organic compounds accessible by grinding. Because of their structural diversity, the exploration of the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained considerable interest during the last decades. Transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates for an application as electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we present the in situ investigation of the mechanochemical synthesis of a manganese(II)-phosphonate by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and thermography. The product has not been obtained by classical solution chemistry before and its crystal structure was determined from PXRD data. The milling process can be divided into different steps, with the product crystallization corresponding with the highest temperature rise. The activity of this metal phosphonate towards OER was measured and is presented here. T2 - International School of Crystallography - 52nd Course: Quantum Crystallography CY - Erice, Italy DA - 1.06.2018 KW - Metal phosphonates KW - Mechanochemistry KW - PXRD KW - OER KW - Thermography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46998 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akhmetova, Irina T1 - In situ investigation of mechanochemical syntheses of manganese phosphonates with N-containing ligands N2 - Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. The exploration of the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained considerable interest during the last decades due to their structural diversity. We synthesized manganese phosphonates in milling reactions. The mechanochemical reactions were investigated in situ to reveal the underlying mechanisms. T2 - Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2018 KW - Metal phosphonates KW - Mechanochemistry KW - PXRD KW - In situ KW - Thermography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46999 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Breitfeld, Steffen T1 - High energy ball milling of a new representative of coordination polymers without organofluorine linkers N2 - Metal organic frameworks and coordination polymers play an important role in different fields of applications. Moreover, particularly fluorinated metal-organic frameworks (FMOFs) are in the focus of interest during the last years. In most cases, fluorine is implemented using perfluorinated organic linkers at the synthesis, usually performed by solvothermal synthesis. However, only few examples are known so far where fluorine is coordinated directly to the metal cation. Recently, we reported about mechanochemical syntheses and characterization of fluorine-containing coordination polymers of alkaline earth metals by milling M(OH) (M: Ca, Sr, Ba) with fluorinated benzene dicarboxylic acids 2 and we reported about mechanochemical syntheses of alkaline earth metal fluorides with ammonium fluoride. Now we are reporting about a combination of both synthesis routes. That is the first mechanochemical synthesis of coordination polymers where fluorine is coordinated directly to the metal cation. T2 - Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 30.11.2017 KW - Metal organic frameworks KW - Coordination polymer KW - Mechanochemical syntheses KW - Direct fluorine-metal bond KW - Alkaline earth metal PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-46898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pfretzschner, Beate T1 - Characterization of texture in SLM IN 718 samples using monochromatic neutron radiography N2 - Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers the opportunity to produce easier geometrically complex parts compared to traditional production technologies. An important AM technology for metals is selective laser melting (SLM) where a part is produced by melting and solidifying powder in layers. This technique is known to cause a pronounced texture in the produced AM products due to the specific heat flow and the associated solidification of the material during SLM deposition. In order to evaluate the influence of the deposition hatch length during SLM of nickel based superalloy Inconel 718 samples on the texture and in order to identify any preferred crystallographic direction, we performed monochromatic neutron radiography scans (using wavelength from 1.6 Å to 4.4 Å, step size 0.05 Å) to image the samples while rotating it through 90°. Samples produced with short hatch length showed fine textured columnar grains oriented along the sample building direction in high-resolution radiographs. Whereas processing the sample using a ten-fold longer hatch length reduced the texture. The neutron radiographic experiments were accompanied by scanning electron microscopy including electron back-scattered diffraction to visualize and verify the microstructure and texture. T2 - German Conference for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons and Ion Beams at Large Facilities CY - Garching, Germany DA - 17.09.2018 KW - Bragg-edge KW - Neutron KW - Texture KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47260 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kabelitz, Anke T1 - A02: In situ WAXS studies on the crystallization of Al 13 keggin clusters in water N2 - Polynuclear aluminium species (Al13 keggin cluster) find application in different areas like water purification [1], contaminant transport [2], and as pilling clays with high specific surface areas[3], due to their strong binding ability to aggregates and high positive charge. In the present contribution, we report on the in situ investigation of the Al13 sulfate synthesis by synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Al13 cluster were crystallized by precipitating hydrolyzed aluminum solutions by the addition of sodium sulfate. The measurements were performed using a custom-made acoustic levitator as sample holder. The study provides information about the intermediates during the crystallization process. From the data, a mechanism was derived indicating the influence of the crystallization process. T2 - Final Meeting of the CRC 1109 & Edith Flanigen Award Ceremony 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.10.2018 KW - Crystallization KW - WAXS KW - Keggin Cluster PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47005 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kratzig, Andreas T1 - Interaction of Reactive Components in CO2 Streams with Transport Pipeline Steel X70 N2 - In context of CLUSTER project, impacts of impurities (SO2, NO2, O2, CO, H2S, H2, N2, Ar and H2O) in CO2 streams captured from different sources in a regional cluster on transport, injection and storage were investigated. Corrosion studies of oxidizing, reductive or mixed atmospheres towards transport pipeline steel X70 were carried out applying high pressure (10 MPa) at low temperatures (278 K or 313 K). T2 - GHGT-14 Conference CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 22.10.2018 KW - Carbon capture KW - CCS KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Corrosion PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47017 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rütters, H. T1 - Combining CO2 Streams from Different Emitters – A Challenge For Transport And Storage Infrastructure N2 - The European Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of CO2 envisages an open access of CO2 streams from different emitters to a nation- or even EUwide CO2 pipeline network if CO2 stream compositions meet “reasonable minimum composition thresholds”. As of today it is not known how such “composition thresholds” may be defined and which impurity levels may be viable in practical application. To set up recommendations for criteria and respective threshold values for CO2 stream compositions, the project “CLUSTER” will investigate how a dynamic interplay – both in terms of mass fluxes and compositions – of CO2 streams from regionally clustered CO2 sources sharing a transport and storage infrastructure will impact corrosion, e.g., of pipelines and plant components, and geochemical alteration of cap rocks and reservoir rocks. In addition, the behaviour of such a highly dynamic CCS system will be considered for an overall optimization of system design including CO2 stream mixing schemes and facilities or interim CO2 storage. T2 - TCCS-8 – The 8th Trondheim Conference on CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 16.06.2015 KW - Carbon capture KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Corrosion KW - CCS PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-47018 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sommer, Konstantin T1 - Microstructure characterization of additive produced parts N2 - Due to the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM), it has been increasingly integrated into many industrial sectors. The application of AM materials for safety-critical parts requires the detailed knowledge about their microstructure stability under thermo-mechanical or mechanical load and knowledge on ageing process mechanisms. Ageing processes are characterized by change of the material microstructure that is to be initially investigated. This work deals with the Investigation of 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). Describing Parameters must be defined and applied on the microstructure of these materials in their initial state and after loads were applied. The findings of this work form the basis for the investigation of AM material ageing. T2 - FEMS Junior EUROMAT 2018 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Selective laser melting KW - 316L KW - Material characterization KW - Microstructure PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47176 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kiefer, P. T1 - Statistical analysis of Vickers induced subcritical crack growth in soda-lime silicate glasses N2 - Studies on Vickers induced subcritical crack growth are controversially discussed since the stresses that drive the crack growth are distributed three dimensionally within the material and cannot be retraced by available methods. Hence, empirical approaches are used to calculate mechanical material parameters such as the stress intensity factor KI. However, the results of these approaches show large deviations from those measured by standardized techniques such as double cantilever beam (DCB) or double cleavage drilled compression (DCDC). Yet, small specimen sizes and low specimen quantities can prevent the execution of DCB and DCDC measurements. Here we present an approach that is based on a statistical analysis of Vickers induced radial cracks. For this purpose more than 150 single radial cracks were analyzed. The cracks were generated in a commercial soda-lime silicate glass. The experiments were performed in a glovebox purged with dry nitrogen gas to minimize the influence of atmospheric water on crack growth. The temporally resolved evolution of the radial cracks was monitored in-situ using an inverted microscope equipped with a camera system directly below the Vickers indenter. An automated image analysis software was used to determine the crack length over time. The data show that the crack propagation and thereby the crack velocities are not uniformly but statistically distributed. These findings allow, using the statistical mean value of the distributions in combination with DCB data, a precise formulation of KI for each measured crack length. T2 - 92nd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Glass Technology in Conjunction with the Annual Meetings of the Czech Glass Society & the Slovak Glass Society CY - Bayreuth, Germany DA - 28.05.2018 KW - Crack growth KW - Soda-lime silicate glass KW - Vickers PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45703 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclęga, Damian A1 - Radziszewska, A. A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Dymek, S. T1 - Microstructure characterization of the Inconel 686 clad layer after high-temperature corrosion tests in aggressive gases and ashes N2 - The Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy is characterized by the excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance, good strength and ability to work in aggressive environments. To protect the surface of the substrate 13CrMo4-5 steel against aggressive environments the Inconel 686 as clad layer was used. The corrosion process was performed in oxidizing mixture of gases like O2, COx, SOx. The second part of corrosion Experiment concerned the corrosion test of the coating in reducing atmosphere of the specified gases with ashes, which contained e.g. Na, Cl, Ca, Si, C, Fe, Al. T2 - Junior EUROMAT 2018 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Laser Cladding KW - Inconel 686 KW - High temperature corrosion KW - Aggressive environement KW - Material oxidation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Even, Morgane T1 - Investigations on emission properties of VOCs from consumer products made of polymers N2 - There is a need for an assessment of the emission properties of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from consumer products. A method comparison was carried out to evaluate adapted and cost-effective procedures for such items. Smaller and automated emission chambers de-picted similar kinetics compared to a 203 L standard chamber. Toy samples made of PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) emitted more VOCs compared to other tested polymeric products. The emissions from 2 selected samples were studied to allow an evaluation of the resulting room concentration and external exposure of a child. Obtained concentrations were not of concern. T2 - Conference on Indoor Air 2018 CY - Philadelphia, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Emission chamber testing KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Consumer articles PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45662 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Heyn, A. A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - How to Detect Sensitivity on Aged Lean-Duplex Stainless Steel With Electrochemical Methods N2 - The influence of isothermal ageing on microstructure, sensitisation and pitting corrosion resistance of the lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) X2CrNiN23-4 was investigated with various electrochemical methods. The aging at 600 °C (from 0.1 h up to 20 h) lead to the formation of precipitations at the ferrite-ferrite (α/α) and ferrite-austenite (α/γ) grain boundaries, inducing sensitisation due to chromium depletion. The degree of sensitisation was evaluated with the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method (DL-EPR) according to ASTM G108 and correlated with critical pitting potentials (Epit) as well as critical pitting temperature (CPT) measured in an electrolyte according to ASTM G48 using electrochemical noise. Up to an ageing time of 1 h, the sensitisation did rise significantly, stabilising at a nearly constant level with a slight drop at 20 h. This behaviour correlated perfectly with the potentiodynamically determined pitting potentials Epit and sensitisation. The CPT showed a higher sensitivity at short ageing times compared to the DL-EPR and Epit. Finally, the KorroPad method was applied to visualise the sensitisation induced reduction of pitting corrosion resistance. The “KorroPad” is an agar-based gel-electrolyte containing 0.1 mol/l sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.1 mol/l potassium ferricyanide III (K3[Fe(CN)6]), invented at the Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing in Berlin (Germany) to detect surfaces of stainless steel prone to pitting corrosion. The standard configuration of the KorroPad showed no differentiation for the various aging conditions. Increasing the concentration of both NaCl and potassium ferrocyanide III to 0.5 M shifts the detection limit of the KorroPad method to stainless steels with higher corrosion resistance, producing the same trends detected by standard electrochemical pitting corrosion values (Epit, CPT) and sensitisation (DL-EPR). By that, the KorroPad method was successfully adjusted to the lean-duplex stainless steel X2CrNiN23-4, enabling short-time testing to detect sensitization. T2 - Electrochemical Methods in Corrosion Research 2018 CY - Cambridge, UK DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Corrosion testing KW - Duplex stainless steels KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Pitting corrosion KW - EPR KW - Electrochemical noise KW - Stainless steel PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Comparison of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Emission Test Chambers Using EN 717-1 and EN 16516 N2 - For many years EN 717-1 (Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method) is the standard for formaldehyde emission testing of wooden boards. In 2017 EN 16516 (Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air) was published as a new harmonised standard for the emission testing of construction products. Because test chamber conditions are different, both standards give different concentrations for formaldehyde. For the determination of a conversion factor four test series were set up with different wooden boards. T2 - Conference on Indoor Air CY - Philadelphia, PA, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Loading factor KW - Construction products KW - European standard KW - Air exchange rate PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Heat treatment and corrosion resistance of cutlery N2 - Hardness and pitting corrosion resistance are the major quality criteria of cutlery. Both are achieved by the heat treatment (austenitization, quenching and tempering) of the normally used martensitic stainless steels. The established quality control method regarding the pitting corrosion resistance is an alternating immersion test in 1 % NaCl solution at 60 °C according to DIN EN ISO 8442. This standard test shows a high deviation, which limits any optimization of the heat treatment process. New approaches for corrosion testing of martensitic stainless-steels were developed and used in the last years to connect the weak pitting corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless-steels with the phenomenon of chromium depletion. The tempering temperatures used in the industrial heat treatment of cutlery are too low to explain the appearance of chromium depletion. For this reason, a systematic investigation of three heat treatment parameters (austenitization time, cooling speed and tempering temperature) were performed on the martensitic stainless-steels X50CrMoV15 (1.4116) to detect their contribution to chromium depletion. The electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR), which is very sensitive to any change of the microstructure, was used to quantify the degree of chromium depletion. The KorroPad indicator-test was applied to correlate low pitting corrosion resistance to the presence of chromium depletion. The results of all investigations allow conclusions about the very small process window, which is necessary to achieve cutlery with high pitting corrosion resistance. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Heat treatment KW - EPR KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Martensitic stainless steels KW - REM PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45952 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Kauss, N. T1 - Visualization of material-related susceptibility to pitting corrosion with the “KorroPad” indicator test N2 - The KorroPad indicator test was invented at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing to detect stainless-steel surfaces susceptible to pitting corrosion. The KorroPad indicator test is thus an interesting alternative for manufacturers, processors, users and researchers to time consuming exposition experiments and complex electrochemical investigations, which are normally used to reveal surface-related processing errors resulting in reduced pitting corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the KorroPad indicator test can be used to visualize alloy- and microstructure-related factors causing susceptibility to pitting corrosion. The detection limit of the KorroPad indicator test was characterized in this work using reference alloys with different chromium content (5 % to 18 %). The alloy-specific detection limit was shifted successfully to higher chromium content by increasing the concentrations of NaCl and K3[Fe(CN)6]. The modified KorroPads can now be used to establish an alloy-specific quality control regarding the pitting corrosion resistance of different stainless steel grades. T2 - EUROCORR CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Corrosion testing KW - Pitting corrosion PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45953 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Roßberg, S. A1 - Pensel, P. A1 - Halle, T. A1 - Burkert, A. T1 - Precipitation behavior and corrosion resistance of nickel-free, high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels N2 - Nickel-free, nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless-steels, with about 19 wt.-% Mn and 0,8 wt. % N, are an interesting alternative to classic CrNi austenitic stainless steels due to their superior mechanical properties (Rm > 900 MPa, A5 > 50 %, Av > 350 J) in the solution annealed condition. The formation of chromium-rich nitrides during suboptimal heat treatment, processing or application leads to an inhomogeneous distribution of alloying elements in the microstructure, which reduces the corrosion resistance. Consequently, an accurate knowledge of the sensitization behavior is indispensable for the use of nickel-free, high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels. The relationship between artificial aging, phase formation and corrosion resistance was investigated on the alloys X8CrMnN18-19 (1.3815) and X8CrMnMoN18-19-2 (1.4456), both alloyed with 0,8 wt.-% Nitrogen, in the present work. The microstructural evolution was studied by LM and SEM while the corrosion resistance was characterized with the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) and the KorroPad indicator-test. Both alloys showed increased corrosion susceptibility within critical aging parameters. Finally, a sensitization diagram was described successfully for both alloys showing the positive effect of molybdenum. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - KorroPad KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Heat treatment KW - ThermoCalc KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Nitrogen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45954 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Age-hardening behaviour, microstructure and corrosion resistance of the copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 N2 - The copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 (X5CrNiCuNb16-4) is used in different areas due to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Strength and corrosion re-sistance can be adjusted by the heat treatment, which is of importance for the application of this alloy. The mechanical properties (strength and hardness) are attributed to the dispersive precipitation of the copper rich ε–Phase. The additional precipitation of chromium carbides can reduce the corrosion resistance. Different ageing states were produced to investigate the precipitation behaviour with various methods. Furthermore, the influence of cold-rolling on the precipitation behaviour was studied in comparison to a solution annealed state without deformation. The microstructure was studied by SEM and the variations of hardness and magnetic proportion were characterised. The electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) was used to determine the corrosion resistance and detect chromium depletion in all heat-treated states. The results show that a work hardening accelerates the precipitation rate, while ageing at 600 °C reduces the corrosion re-sistance due to chromium depletion. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Corrosion resistance KW - EPR KW - Corrosion testing KW - Heat treatment KW - ThermoCalc KW - REM KW - Martensitic stainless steels PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45955 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Collective Orientational Order and Phase Behavior of a Discotic Liquid Crystal under Confinement N2 - Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are a promising class of soft matter for electronic applications. This is due to their ability to self-organize into columns in a hexagonal columnar mesophase, driven by the overlapping of the π orbitals of their aromatic cores. This leads to a high charge-carrier mobility along the column axis. Embedding liquid crystals into nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) results in a 2D nanoconfinement of these materials. This confinement affects their properties, compared to the bulk, such as phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, molecular mobility, and crystallization. In this study, 2,3,6,7,10,11 hexakis[hexyloxy] triphenylene (HAT6) was confined into parallel aligned cylindrical nanopores of AAO membranes by melt infiltration. The membrane as confining hosts used have varying pore diameters, from 10 nm to 160 nm, covering a broad pore size range, thus, a better understanding of the confinement effect on phase behavior and molecular configuration in the pores. Furthermore, it is aimed to obtain axial ordering or to increase degree of axial ordering by chemically modifying the surfaces of the pores. Therefore, the pore surfaces the membranes were chemically modified, resulting in a more hydrophobic pore surface than the unmodified ones. The phase behavior was explored by a power-compensated DSC allowing the detecting of small changes in the phase behavior. In the literature, dielectric spectroscopy was demonstrated as a method to monitor molecular order inside the pores. Here, we also investigate the collective orientational order, corresponding to dominating molecular ordering, by dielectric spectroscopy. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussles, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Confined Columnar Liquid Crystals PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Molecular dynamics of an asymmetric PVME/PS Blend investigated by broadband dielectric and specific heat spectroscopy N2 - Over the past decades research on the molecular dynamics of miscible polymer blends are of topical interest in the literature, in an attempt to understand the segmental mobilty of individual components, as it is affected by blending. In general, miscible polymer blends exhibit a complex behavior of the molecular mobility. For an A/B blend the relaxation times of component A and component B are affected by the spatial local compositional heterogeneity, present in binary systems on a microscopic level, regardless of the macroscopic homogeneity. Here, a combination of broadband dielectric and specific heat spectroscopy was employed to study the dynamically asymmetric PVME/PS blend with seven different compositions, focusing on samples with high PS contents. Considering that PS is dielectrically invisible, BDS is a powerful technique to study the response of PVME, as it is affected by PS segments. In this work the well-known binary relaxation times distribution of PVME in a blend, originating from the spatial local heterogeneity, was studied over ten decades in frequency, for the first time in literature. Secondly, one of the detected processes, α’-relaxation, shows a crossover from high-temperature behavior (system in equilibrium) towards a low temperature regime, where PS undergoes the thermal glass transition, resulting in confined segmental dynamics of PVME within a frozen network of PS. Here, we introduce a precise mathematical tool to distinguish between the temperature dependency regimes of the process, and examine the composition dependence of the crossover temperature, detected by dielectric spectroscopy. Moreover, the dielectric data was compared in detail with results obtained by specific heat spectroscopy. This comparison provides new insights in the dynamics and dynamic heterogeneity of the PVME/PS blend system. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Polymer blends KW - Dielectric spectroscopy KW - Specific heat spectroscopy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45917 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Molecular dynamics of dipole functionalized triphenylene-based discotics N2 - Since discovery of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs), consisting of a disklike rigid aromatic core and flexible alkyl chains attached to the core, dating back to Chandrasekhar’s work in 1977, they have been extensively investigated to reveal their fundamental properties and potential for applications. The researches on DLCs in last decades showed that DLCs can be considered as promising materials for organic electronic applications since they exhibit one dimensional high charge mobility along the column axis in a columnar mesophase. The mobilies of the rigid aromatic core and the flexible alkyl chains can influence their application properites, e.g. the charge carrier mobility, therefore, it needs to be explored in detailed. In this study, a series of dipole functionalized triphenylene-based discotics, forming a columnar mesophase, were investigated to reveal the influence of the functionalization on phase behavior, molecular dynamics and as well as conductivity. The molecular mobility of the discotics was probed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). In addition to conductivity and localized dynamics, glassy dynamics were also observed. The phase behavior of the material was explored by a power-compansated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Beside the phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, thermal glass transitions were found for all the materials. Moreover, the glassy dynamics were further investigated by Flash DSC, which is a chip-based calorimetry technique allows fast heating and cooling rates as high as 10000K/s. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussles, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Columnar liquid crystals PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45918 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Dynamics of nanoscopically confined PVME in thin films of an asymmetric miscible PVME/PS blend N2 - In recent years, substantial efforts have been devoted to investigating nanoscopic confinement of polymers, and its effect on glassy dynamics. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) was used to study the dynamics of ultra-thin films of PVME/PS 50/50 wt% blend, employing a novel nano-structured capacitor sample arrangement. The investigated system shows a complex dynamic behavior. First, an α-relaxation, related to a bulk-like layer was found. Second, an α’-relaxation was observed, characteristic for dynamically asymmetric blends, where the out of equilibrium dynamics is attributed to weakly-cooperative PVME segments relaxing within a frozen environment of PS segments. Third, for thinnest films, an Arrhenius-like process was dominant in the dielectric spectra, indicating localized fluctuations of the segments. Relaxation rates of this process resembled that of the degenerated α-relaxation of the adsorbed layer, found for pure PVME [1], thus it was assigned accordingly. For thinnest films, this process undergoes a further confinement, due to the topological constraints, introduced by PS. Such multiple confinement effect has not been reported for ultra-thin films of polymer blends, before this study [2]. [1] Madkour, S. et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 7535. [2] Madkour, S. et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 37289. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Polymer blends KW - Thin polymer films KW - Dielectric spectroscopy KW - Specific heat spectroscopy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45919 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit T1 - Investigations on the degree of damage of polyethylene grades as materials of heating oil storage tanks after a service life of more than 30 years N2 - Tanks for heating oil made of polyethylene grades have been on the market since the early 1970s in Germany. Tank manufacturers recommend the replacement of the tanks after a period of 30 years due to guarantee safety. Polyethylene grades are subject to ageing by alteration of the properties during their life cycle. The degree of ageing and the nature of the degradation process mainly depend on the chemical degradation of the polyethylene, the wall thickness of the tank and the environmental conditions. There are no results available on the long-term behavior of the polyethylene grades, especially after a service life of more than 30 years. The aim of this investigation was the determination of the factual degree of damage in comparison to the uncontaminated polyethylene grades. Material data of the used polyethylene grades are available because the BAM was the competent authority for the tests and expert reports for the approval of these tanks until the middle of the 1990s. The determination of the Melt Flow Rate (MFR) and the Fourier Transmission IR Spectroscopy (FTIR) of tank sections from the bottom, the shell and the roof of 10 segregated heating oil storage tanks produced of polyethylene grades A and B were used as tests methods. The MFR measurements of the tank sections showed differences in the values depending on the weight which was used (5 kg or 21.6 kg). A reduction of the MFR values was measured for most of the sections of tanks made of polyethylene grade B after a service life of the tanks of more than 30 years. This grade is mainly subject to the internal ageing by cross-linkages, increased degree of branched molecules and loss of the plasticizer, and to a lesser extent by oxidative degradation. The FTIR analysis, especially of tank sections of the bottom and the shell showed that the intensity of the CH2 asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations in the range: 2800 - 2900 cm-1 and the CH2 bending deformation vibration at 1400 cm-1 increased due chain scissions. The intensity of the carbonyl stretching vibration C=O at 1740 cm-1 is low. The carbonyl index characterizes the degree of oxidation. T2 - EUROCORR 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Heating oil storage tanks KW - Polyethylene KW - Degree of damage KW - Melt Flow Rate (MFR) KW - FTIR PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45939 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Baumann, O. A1 - Müller, C. T1 - Influence of the post-weld surface treatment on the corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel 1.4062 N2 - The duplex stainless steel 1.4062 (X2CrNiN22-2) is used as alternative material to austenitic stainless steels in the construction industry. The corrosion resistance of welded seams is influenced by the base material, the weld filler material, the welding process and also by the final surface treatment. The scale layer next to the weld seam can be removed by grinding, pickling, electro-polishing or blasting depending on the requested corrosion resistance. Blasted surfaces are often used in the industrial practice due to the faster and cheaper manufacturing process compared to pickled or electro-polished surfaces. Furthermore blasting with corundum-grain is more effective than blasting with glass-beads which also lower the process costs. In recent years, stainless steel surfaces showed an unusually high susceptibility to pitting corrosion after grinding with corundum. For this reason, it is now also questioned critically whether the corrosion resistance is influenced by the applied blasting agent. This question was specifically investigated by comparing grinded, pickled, corundum-grain- and glass-bead-blasted welding seams. Results of the SEM analyses of the blasting agents and the blasted surfaces will be presented and correlated with the results of different corrosion tests (KorroPad-testing and pitting potentials). T2 - Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (MSE) CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 26.09.2018 KW - Duplexstahl KW - Korrosion KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - Schweißen KW - Oberflächenbearbeitung KW - Strahlen KW - KorroPad PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46090 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Haferkamp, Sebastian T1 - Mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensations of benzaldehyde derivates investigated in situ N2 - Mechanochemistry is widely applicable for the synthesis of inorganic, metal-organic, and organic compounds. It is known for short reaction times, nearly quantitative conversions, and decreasing amount of solvents, which opens the field to more environmentally friendly syntheses routes. Among organic syntheses, the Knoevenagel condensation is an important C-C bond forming reaction leading to α,β-unsaturated compounds. To gain more information on the underlying processes, we investigated the syntheses by a combination of different in situ investigation techniques, including synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and thermography. This combination provides information on the structural changes and temperature influences during milling. Benzaldehyde derivates (nitro- and fluoro-derivates) reacted with malononitrile to the respective benzylidenemalononitriles. The in situ investigations show direct and quantitative conversions. In the case of the fluorinated benzaldehyde derivates we showed the possibility of using liquid substrates in mechanochemical organic synthesis. Surprisingly, after crystallization from a viscous state, the material was suitable for single-crystal X-ray analysis. T2 - Powder Diffraction School 2018 CY - Villigen, Switzerland DA - 24.09.2018 KW - C-C coupling KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ KW - Knoevenagel PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46320 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Chapartegui, Ander T1 - MOFs as optical sensor elements against endocrine disrupting phthalates N2 - The development of optical sensing technologies for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) was urgently needed to facilitate currently unmet demands on comprehensive monitoring of These substances, thus ensuring consumer safety. T2 - SALSA CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.05.2018 KW - MOF KW - Short chained phthalates PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46889 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gardei, André T1 - Probenpräparation für LIBS-Messungen - ein häufig unterschätztes Thema N2 - Die Probenpräparation ist ein Teil im Prozess der Baustoffuntersuchung und muss dementsprechend sorgfältig geplant werden. Die Probenpräparation ist letztendlich der Grundstein für alle folgenden Untersuchungen, somit wirken sich alle hier getroffenen Entscheidungen direkt auf die Qualität der Ergebnisse aus. T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.02.2018 KW - Probenpräparation KW - LIBS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44656 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Griesche, Axel T1 - Hydrogen in Iron visualized in 3D by neutron tomography N2 - Presented are neutron tomographies on hydrogen charged iron samples. T2 - RACIRI Summer School 2015 CY - Sellin, Rügen, Germany DA - 22.08.2015 KW - Tomographie KW - Wasserstoff KW - Neutronen KW - Hydrogen KW - Neutron KW - Tomography PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-44838 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertin, Annabelle T1 - Upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type thermoresponsive polymers from monomers with hydrogen-bonding interactions N2 - UCST-type thermoresponsive polymers (i.e. that phase separate from solution upon cooling) present a tremendous potential not only in aqueous media with applications in the field of drug delivery, diagnostic and microfluidic applications, but also in water/alcohol mixtures, where they can be used for instance in sensing systems for alcohol-soluble drugs. However, only a few thermoresponsive polymers have been reported that present an UCST in a relevant temperature range and “green” solvents such as water or ethanol. In this context, acrylamide-based monomers can be very useful building blocks for designing novel non-ionic UCST-type polymers because of their hydrophilic nature (with the appropriate side chain) and propensity to form hydrogen bonds. We will present our latest results on the UCST-type thermoresponsive behaviour of acrylamide- and/or 2,6-diaminopyridine-based homopolymers and copolymers in water or water/alcohol mixtures, and give some insights about the rational design of UCST polymers relying on H-bonding. T2 - 7. Jahrestreffen der Seniorexperten Chemie CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 02.05.2018 KW - Thermoresponsive polymer KW - UCST-type polymer KW - Polyacrylamide KW - Water/alcohol mixtures PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44845 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüth, Peter T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Interlaboratory test programme for chemical safety - status and activities N2 - Safety experts, carriers or traders must be able to rely on the validity of the method and on correct results of safety tests and assessments in the laboratory. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Berlin and Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig have extensive experience in the field of testing and assessment of physical hazards of chemicals. Interlaboratory tests on different test methods have been performed by BAM and PTB during the last 10 years. Significant differences between the results of the participating laboratories were observed in all interlaboratory test. The deviations of the test results were not caused only by laboratory faults but also by deficiencies of the test method; i.e. many of the method descriptions are too ambiguous and allow divergences for interpretation. Therefore, it is necessary to know exactly how good the method is that is used to classify dangerous goods or hazardous substances or to determine safety-relevant parameters. A key criterion is the measurement uncertainty. One can choose simple methods with large error limits, but the measurement uncertainties should be known and always communicated together with the test results. This would allow safety specialists to be able to assess test results correctly and make well-founded decisions, e.g. for adequate protective measures. Interlaboratory tests play a decisive role in assessing the reliability of test results. Participation in interlaboratory tests is not only a crucial element of the quality assurance of laboratories; as such it is explicitly recommended in DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025. In addition, interlaboratory tests are also used to develop and validate test methods and can be used for the determination of the measurement uncertainty. Therefore, the BAM and PTB continue to support the further development of the interlaboratory test programme of CEQAT-DGHS (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, www.ceqat-dghs.bam.de), established in 2007. This programme is run by BAM in collaboration with the PTB and the QuoData Gesellschaft für Qualitätsmanagement und Statistik mbH, Dresden. A new interlaboratory test for methods validation on the test method UN Test N.5 "Test method for substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases” is currently being prepared and will be carried out in 2018. Laboratories that specialise in this test are invited to participate in the interlaboratory test. Interested laboratories can check the details and register to participate in the interlaboratory test at the CEQAT-DGHS website. T2 - MEETINGS OF IGUS EOS GROUP CY - Shanghai, P. R. China DA - 09.04.2018 KW - Dangerous goods KW - Hazardous substances KW - Test methods validation KW - Quality assurance PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44858 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Manolov, Manol T1 - Bestimmung der Maschinennachgiebigkeit beim Einsatz sphärischer Indenter in der Instrumentierten Eindringprüfung N2 - Der Einfluss der Maschinennachgiebigkeit einschließlich der elastischen Verformung des Indenters ist bei der Bestimmung der entsprechenden Werkstoffcharakteristiken insbesondere beim Einsatz von sphärischen Indentern unter höheren Prüfkräften von Bedeutung. Mit zunehmender Prüfkraft wird die Maschinennachgiebigkeit kraftabhängig und kann im idealen Fall als Funktion von Prüfkraft und gemessener Eindringtiefe für vorgegebene Indenterradien dargestellt werden. Angegeben ist ein vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Maschinennachgiebigkeit. T2 - Sensoren und Messsysteme CY - Nürnberg, Germany DA - 26.06.2018 KW - Maschinennachgiebigkeit KW - Instrumentierte Eindringprüfung KW - Sphärische Indenter KW - Vereinfachtes Verfahren KW - Kraftabhängige Funktion KW - Härtevergleichsplatten KW - Eindringmodul PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45390 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falk, Florian A1 - Menneken, Martina T1 - Early oxidation and sulfidation of high temprature alloys: An EDXRD in-situ study N2 - P92 is one of the important steels for super heater tubes used in combustion plants. However, in fossil fuel fired environments the formation of oxides and sulfides are challenging the material. To understand early corrosion mechanisms, which are important for process prediction, high temperature in-situ ageing experiments of Fe-Cr-Mn alloys in SO2 and SO2+H2O atmosphere were performed, applying energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) analysis. T2 - Bessy usermeeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.12.2017 KW - Corrosion KW - In-situ KW - EDXRD PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-45368 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüth, Peter A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Frost, K. A1 - Kurth, Lutz A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Uhlig, S. T1 - CEQAT-DGHS Ringversuchsprogramm für die Chemikaliensicherheit -Methodenvalidierung N2 - Bei der Bewertung der Verlässlichkeit der im Labor gewonnenen Prüfergebnisse spielen Ringversuche eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) unterstützt deshalb den weiteren Ausbau des Ringversuchsprogramms des im Jahr 2007 gegründeten Kompetenzzentrums zur Qualitätssicherung für Prüfungen von Gefahrgütern und Gefahrstoffen auf physikalische Gefahren (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, CEQAT-DGHS). Bei allen bisher untersuchten Prüfmethoden besteht ein Verbesserungsbedarf. Die RV müssen daher zunächst auf die Methodenentwicklung, -verbesserung und -validierung und auf die Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit der jeweiligen Prüfmethode abzielen und nicht auf Leistungstests. T2 - Behörden-Erfahungsaustausch CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 4. Juni 2018 KW - Prüfmethode KW - Methodenvalidierung KW - Gefahrgut KW - Gefahrstoff KW - Qualitätssicherung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45297 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wollschläger, N. A1 - Nützmann, Kathrin T1 - What happens during S-corrosion in Fe13Cr in the early stage? N2 - Ferritic alloys containing Cr form Cr5S6 precipitates along grain boundaries in hot SO2 environment. Grain boundary precipitates may influence the steel’s mechanical behavior. Cr5S6 precipitates were reconstructed three-dimensionally using FIB tomography analysis to determine the volume, number, and penetration depth. The volume growth of Cr5S6 precipitates increased only for the initial aging time of 3 h but became constant after 6 h. The number of precipitates increased linearly. T2 - Meeting on Focused Ion Beams in Berlin - FIBiB2017 CY - Berlin, HZB Wannsee Campus, Germany DA - 06.11.2017 KW - Grain boundary corrosion KW - 3D tomography KW - Sulfidation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-45061 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in epoxy/Boehmite and epoxy/LDH nanocomposites N2 - The interphase between the inorganic filler and the polymer matrix is considered as one of the most important characteristics of inorganic/polymer nanocomposites. The segmental dynamics of this interphase is expected to be altered as compared to the pure matrix, which might percolate into the entire system. For instance, it was found that a so-called Rigid Amorphous Phase (RAF) is formed by adsorption of segments onto the nanoparticles yielding to its immobilization. The RAF is available from the decrease of the specific heat capacity Δcp in the glass transition region of the nanocomposites. Here, precise Temperature Modulated DSC (TMDSC) was employed to study Δcp of epoxy/Boehmite nanocomposites with different nanofiller concentrations. Surprisingly, the investigated system showed an increase of Δcp with increasing filler concentration up to 10 wt%. This implies an increased fraction of mobile segments, and is in accordance with the found decreased value of the glass transition temperature Tg. Although for higher filler contents Tg further slightly decreases, Δcp decreases in contrary, indicating a formation of RAF. This behavior was discussed as a competition of mobilization effects, due to an incomplete crosslinking reaction, and the formation of RAF. T2 - 15thLähnwitzseminar on Calorimetry 2018 CY - Rostock, Germany DA - 04.06.2018 KW - Nanocomposites KW - Rigid amorphous fraction KW - TMDSC KW - Boehmite PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45148 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hertwig, Andreas T1 - Calibration samples and the GUM-compliant determination of uncertainties in ellipsometry N2 - Ellipsometry is well known as a highly sensitive and reproducible surface analysis technique. However, in a context of metrological applications, the most important property of a measurement process is accuracy, relying on statistical precision, (reproducibility) and trueness (in an absolute sense versus a given standard). The latter is much more difficult to achieve. In this presentation, we discuss the possibility of establishing ellipsometry in a diverse metrological landscape by means of defining standard procedures and best practice methodologies for the measurement and for calibration purposes. The most important task of this approach is to determine the model-inherent uncertainty, originating from parameter coupling. We achieve this by means of sensitivity analysis of the parameters resulting from the fit process. We discuss the definition of reference materials by which accuracy can be made available for ellipsometry, passed along between ellipsometry laboratories and for other measurement techniques. The determination of uncertainty is presented in this work for a number of examples involving difficult analysis models employed for samples from different production environments. We present a standardization initiative with the goal to disseminate this work into an international standard alongside an inter-laboratory study comparing the results for complex samples gained by laboratories with different instrumentation. We also present the results gained within EURAMET projects focused on the metrology of materials with strong non-idealities used in photovoltaics and other energy technology. T2 - Workshop Ellipsometry 2018 CY - Chemnitz, Germany DA - 19.03.2018 KW - Ellipsometric metrology KW - Reference samples KW - Reference procedures KW - Standardization PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44674 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane T1 - Real time observation of crystallization and growth of corrosion products by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction N2 - Ferritic-martensitic high temperature alloys are widely used as boiler tube and heat exchanger materials in combustion based power plants. All technologies have in common that the applied materials are exposed to different temperatures, process pressures and reactive atmospheres which lead to a change of the material properties and a further degradation of the material. To date corrosion analytics mainly proceeds via the use of various microscopic techniques and the analysis of the corrosion products after the reaction is completed. Comprehensive efforts have been made to study high temperature corrosion by the use of environmental SEM’s or in-situ TEM technologies. The here presented work will show a different approach to study high temperature gas corrosion in a multiple gas atmosphere by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD). For this technique high energetic white X-ray radiation (10-100 keV) was used as radiation source instead of conventional monochromatic radiation. It enables us to study crystallization procedures on short and medium time scales (1 min < t < 24 h) and the collection of Bragg-Signals of the phases of interest as a function of process time. Their occurrence can directly be correlated with thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. A special designed corrosion reactor was used to combine high temperature gas corrosion experiments with the collection of diffraction patter. The crystallization and reaction paths for oxide and sulfide formation was followed in-situ on Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-Mn model alloys in a hot SO2 containing (T=650 °C) atmosphere. T2 - Gordon Research Conference on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY - New London, NH, USA DA - 09.07.2017 KW - Corrosion KW - In situ diffraction KW - Crystallization PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Barnefske, Lena T1 - Self-healing silicone rubber for F-POF partial discharge sensors in HV cable accessories N2 - To avoid a catastrophic failure of insulation in high-voltage (HV) applications, a monitoring of partial discharges (PD) is necessary. Fluorescently labelled polymer optical fibres (F-POF) offer an electrically passive method for PD detection in HV facilities. F-POF could be embedded into HV cable insulation material, which are usually made of silicone rubber. Due to the difficult accessibility of HV cable accessories, a self-healing silicone rubber, based on incorporated capsules, with prolonged service life after PD detection represents an attractive material design for HV electrical insulation. T2 - 26th International Conference on Plastic Optical Fibres CY - Aveiro, Portugal DA - 13.09.2017 KW - Fluorescent polymer optical fibres KW - Partial discharge detection KW - High voltage cable accessories KW - Self-healing KW - Silicone rubber PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42511 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stajanca, Pavol T1 - Post-fabrication cladding doping of commercial PMMA polymer optical fiber N2 - Possibility of post-fabrication doping of commercial PMMA fibers using well-known solution doping technique is presented. The cladding of 1 mm PMMA fiber is doped with Rhodamine B with the help of methanol-mediated diffusion of the dye molecules into the fiber material. Doping of the fiber core was not possible even at extended doping times. The proposed method represents rather simple and cheap way for preparing custom cladding-doped POFs with high flexibility of dopant choice and fiber length. Produced cladding-doped fibers have potential for various sensing or lighting applications. T2 - 26th International Conference on Plastic Optical Fibres (POF 2017) CY - Aveiro, Portugal DA - 13.09.2017 KW - Polymer optical fibers KW - Fluorescent dyes KW - Solution doping KW - Polymethyl methacrylate PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42321 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Einfluss der Schweißnaht-Nachbehandlung auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von nichtrostenden Duplexstählen N2 - Der Duplexstahl 1.4062 (X2CrNiN22-2) hat sich im Bauwesen als Werkstoffalternative zu den nichtrostenden Austeniten etabliert. Die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Schweißverbindungen wird, neben dem Grundwerkstoff, dem Schweißzusatzwerkstoff und dem Schweißverfahren, auch sehr stark von der Oberflächennachbehandlung der Schweißnaht beeinflusst. Je nach zukünftigem Anwendungsbereich und geforderter Optik sowie Korrosionsbeständigkeit wird der Schweißnahtbereich anschließend geschliffen, gebeizt, elektropoliert, oder gestrahlt, um die beim Schweißen entstehenden Zunderschicht zu entfernen. Gestrahlte Oberfläche sind in der industriellen Praxis häufig anzutreffen, da sie deutlich einfacher und kostengünstiger herzustellen sind als gebeizte oder elektropolierte Oberflächen. Die Auswahl des Strahlmittels bestimmt auch die Prozesskosten, wobei das Strahlen mit Korund effektiver als das Strahlen mit Glasperlen ist. In den letzten Jahren wurden bei nichtrostenden Stählen korrosionsanfällige Oberflächen beobachtet, wenn diese mit Korund geschliffen wurden. Daher wird nun auch beim Strahlen kritisch hinterfragt, ob das Strahlmittel die Korrosionsbeständigkeit verändert. Diese Fragestellung wird beantwortet indem geschliffene, gebeizte, mit Korund gestrahlte und mit Glasperlen gestrahlte Schweißverbindungen vergleichend untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse der REM-Untersuchungen von den Strahlmitteln und den gestrahlten Oberflächen werden dazu mit den Ergebnissen verschiedener Korrosionsuntersuchungen (KorroPad-Indikatortest, Potentialmessungen und Bestimmung der kritischen Lochkorrosionspotentiale) korreliert und vorgestellt. T2 - Werkstoffwoche 2017 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.09.2017 KW - Duplexstahl KW - Korrosion KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - Oberflächenbearbeitung KW - Schweißen KW - Strahlen PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42830 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Einfluss von Korundschleifprozessen auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit nichtrostender Stähle N2 - Das Poster stellt aktuelle Eregbnisse des AiF-Vorhabens 18823 N/1 zum Einfluss von Schleifprozessen auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit nichtrostender Stähle vor. T2 - Jahrestagung 2017 der GfKORR CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 07.11.2017 KW - Korrosion KW - Corrosion KW - Korundschleifen KW - Corundum grinding KW - Nichtrostende Stähle KW - Stainless Steels PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42773 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dieck, S. A1 - Ecke, M. A1 - Fritsch, S. A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Wagner, M. A1 - Halle, T. T1 - SD effect in martensitic stainless steel under Q&P heat treatment condition N2 - The quenching and partitioning (Q&P) heat treatment enables a higher deformability of high strength martensitic steels. The Q&P heat treatment was applied on the martensitic stainless steel 1.4034 (X46Cr13) to study the influence of partitioning time. Therefore, extensive characterizations of the mechanical properties, focussing on the materials behaviour under different mechanical load scenarios, were performed. A comprehensive analysis of the microstructural evolution was per-formed for different heat treatment and mechanical loading states. A complete solution of chromium carbides was detected to be a first requirement for successful Q&P heat treatment. The comparison of common quenching and tempering with the Q&P heat treatment verifies the extensively enhanced materials strength whereat the formability is still acceptable. The microstructural reason was detected to be an increasing aus-tenite fraction due to austenite reversion at subgrain boundaries of martensite besides the stabilising of retained austenite. Further a distinctive strength differential effect was observed. T2 - 11th European Symposium on Martensitic Transformations CY - Metz, France DA - 27.08.2018 KW - Martensitic stainless steels KW - Heat treatment KW - EBSD KW - Quenching and partitioning KW - TRIP PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45803 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulte, Petra T1 - Kritische Bewertung der Prüfergebnisse in chemikalienrechtlichen Verfahren: Wie agiert die Behörde? Welche Folgen haben die Ergebnisse für die Rechtsetzung? N2 - Mit nicht-konformen oder schlecht dokumentierten Prüfergebnissen können weder Behörden noch Unternehmen etwas anfangen. Belastbare und eindeutige Informationen aus den Registrierungsdossiers sind entscheidend, damit industrielle und gewerbliche Verwender der Stoffe das Gefahrenpotenzial einschätzen und ggf. Maßnahmen zum Schutz von Menschen und Umwelt treffen können. Darüber hinaus benötigen die Behörden verlässliche Daten aus den Registrierungen, um ihrer Verantwortung bei der Identifizierung regulierungsbedürftiger Stoffe nachkommen zu können. T2 - Behörden-Erfahrungsaustausch CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.06.2018 KW - Prüfmethode KW - Einstufung KW - REACH KW - CLP KW - IUCLID KW - ECHA KW - OECD PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45808 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Efficient modelling of guided ultrasonic waves using the Scaled Boundary FEM towards SHM of composite pressure vessels N2 - The Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) is a semi-analytical method that shows promising results in modelling of guided ultrasonic waves. Efficiency and low computational cost of the method are achieved by a discretisation of the boundary of a computational domain only, whereas for the domain itself the analytical solution is used. By means of the SBFEM different types of defects, e.g. cracks, pores, delamination, corrosion, integrated into a structure consisting of anisotropic and isotropic materials can be modelled. In this contribution, the SBFEM is used to analyse the propagation of guided waves in a structure consisting of an isotropic metal bonded to anisotropic carbon fibre reinforced material. The method allows appropriate wave types (modes) to be identified and to analyse their interaction with different defects. Results obtained are used to develop a structural health monitoring system for composite pressure vessels used in automotive and aerospace industries. T2 - 9th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM) CY - Manchester, UK DA - 10.07.2018 KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Pressure tanks KW - Hydrogen storage KW - Finite Element Modelling KW - Composites PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45486 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piedade, M. F. M. T1 - Crystal Engineering through Solvent Mediated Control of Molecular Conformation: The Case of 5-Hydroxynicotinic Acid N2 - The importance of molecular conformation for polymorphism and its repercussions in terms of tight control over the industrial production of crystalline organic materials with highly reproducible physicochemical properties has long been recognized. Efforts to understand how a crystallization solvent can direct the formation of a polymorph containing a specific molecular conformation are, however, relatively scarce. Nicotinic acid (NA) and its hydroxyl derivatives (2-, 4-, 5-, and 6-hydroxynicotinic acids) are very good models for such studies. Indeed, regardless of the solvent, NA always crystallizes as a single polymorph with the molecule in the same neutral conformation. In contrast, the hydroxyl derivatives are prone to polymorphism and solvate formation and, depending on the crystallization conditions, the molecules in the crystal lattice can exhibit hydroxyl, oxo, or zwitterionic conformations. The present study focused on 5-hydroxynicotinicacid (5HNA) shows that by judicious selection of the solvent it is possible to obtain 1:1 solvates, where solvation memory is not completely lost and the tautomer preferred in solution persists in the crystalline state: zwitterionic in 5HNA·H2O and neutral in 5HNA·DMSO. Nevertheless, upon thermal desolvation the obtained materials evolve to the same unsolvated form where the molecule is in a zwitterionic conformation. The structures of 5HNA·H2O and 5HNA·DMSO obtained from single crystal-ray diffraction are discussed and compared with that of 5HNA solved from powder data. The energetics of the dehydration/desolvation process was also fully characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Calvet microcalorimetry. T2 - BACG 2018 CY - Limerick, Ireland DA - 20.06.2018 KW - Crystal Engineering KW - 5-hydroxynicotinic acid KW - Molecular Conformation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45519 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falk, Florian T1 - Early oxidation and sulfidation of high temperature model alloys: An EDXRD in situ study N2 - The fundamental impact of sulfur and water on corrosion rates and potential failure of the exposed material is well known. However, the access to the related corrosion mechanism causing material degradation is often a problem to solve. This study investigates the effect of SO2 and water vapor in the initial stages of corrosion of an Fe9Cr0.5Mn model alloy at 650 °C in situ. The analysis was carried out under laboratory conditions using energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD). T2 - Dechema EFC Workshop CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 26.09.2018 KW - Sulfidation KW - Model alloy KW - Oxidation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46134 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wolter, Christian T1 - Metallsulfide als Reibungsstabilisatoren in Bremsbelägen - tribologische Untersuchungen an Modellsystemen N2 - Der Posterbeitrag handelt davon, wie das Reibverhalten und die Temperaturabhängikgeit durch den Einsatz von Metallsulfiden maßgeblich beeinflusst wird und zur Stabilität beiträgt. T2 - 59. Tribologie-Fachtagung CY - Goettingen, Germany DA - 24.09.2018 KW - Metallsulfide KW - Bremsbeläge KW - Tribologie PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46187 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pfretzschner, Beate T1 - Hydrogen in blistered iron visualized in 3D by neutron tomography N2 - Presented are neutron tomographies on hydrogen charged iron samples. T2 - RACIRI Summerschool CY - Sellin, Germany DA - 22.08.2015 KW - Eisen KW - Neutronenradiographie KW - Wasserstoff PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-47786 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisermann, R. T1 - Distributed acoustic/vibration sensing: Towards advanced transformer condition monitoring N2 - A novel method for transformer vibration monitoring using intensity-based distributed acoustic/vibration sensing (DAS/DVS) is presented. Fibre optic sensors were fully integrated into an oil-filled medium voltage distribution transformer. Opencircuit in-situ measurements were carried out using a single and three-phase supply with an electrical power of up to 30 kVA. Spectral analysis of the mechanical vibrations were performed by measuring the frequency response of the transformer using plain fibre- and transducer-based DVS approaches. The results were compared with the spectra of a microphone mounted on the outside of the transformer housing and the electrical measurements on the high voltage side. Using the fibre optic DVS based monitoring we were able to detect changes in operating power and frequency. Further it could be shown, that it is possible to identify anomalous behaviour such as electrical/mechanical noise sources using the determined vibration spectra. T2 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Applications (ICHVE) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 18.08.2024 KW - Distributed acoustic sensing KW - Condition monitoring KW - Transformer monitoring PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61799 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blaeß, Carsten T1 - Binder jetting of crystallizing bioactive glass powders N2 - Customized artificial bone replacement implants made of resorbable bioactive glass (BG) have not yet become widely accepted in clinical use. This is mainly due to the contrariness of sintering ability and appropriate bioactivity. Concurrent crystallization often prevents the generation of dense sinter bodies, especially for additive manufactured 3D scaffolds. The presented study investigates the limits and advantages of crystallization of powder compacts manufactured by binder jetting and uniaxial pressing for different particle size fractions (psf) of two BGs. T2 - CeramicAM 2024 - 1º CY - Sao Paulo, Brasil DA - 19.09.2024 KW - Bioactive glass KW - Sintering KW - Crystallization KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62594 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lapšanská, Ivana T1 - Thermographic detection and AI evaluation of leading-edge erosion N2 - The European Green Deal and the global fight against climate change call for more and larger wind turbines. To meet the increasing demand for maintenance and inspection, semi-autonomous methods of remote inspection are increasingly being developed in addition to industrial climbers performing the inspection [1, 2]. Rotor blades are exposed to extreme weather conditions throughout their lifetime causing leading edge erosion which changed the aerodynamic features of blades and can cause structural damages. The estimated annual energy production (AEP) losses caused by erosion damages are between 0.5% and 2% per year. The classification of the severity of the damage and the quantification of the resulting AEP losses are subject of scientific research. With such information, cost efficient repairs and maintenance efforts can improve the power production of wind turbines. Passive thermography presents a viable method for inspecting rotor blades, capable of identifying internal damage [3, 4] and surface erosion [5, 6]. An advantage of this method is that it not only detects rain erosion damage but also reveals temperature variations caused by resulting turbulence on the blade's surface. These turbulent effects reduce rotor blade efficiency, leading to losses in AEP. The inspection process takes approximately 10 minutes per turbine and is carried out while the turbine is fully operational, eliminating downtime and revenue losses typically associated with traditional blade inspections. This efficient inspection procedure is further enhanced by an automatic data analysis system, resulting in a substantial number of wind turbines being inspected within a specified timeframe. The automated evaluation of thermal images is executed using a fully convolutional network (FCN). The initial phase involved training an FCN using over 1500 thermal images. The primary objective was to accurately identify the thermal patterns associated with erosion damage at the leading edge. In the ongoing second phase, the emphasis is on integrating thermographic and visual images to assess the extent of the damage using an FCN. Additionally, this phase involves leveraging human factors in the FCN training process and providing a precise estimation of Annual Energy Production losses attributed to the identified rain erosion damages. T2 - EERA Deep Wind 2024 CY - Trondheim , Norway DA - 17.01.2024 KW - Wind KW - Turbulent flow KW - Thermography KW - Wind rotor blade KW - Inspection PY - 2024 UR - https://www.sintef.no/globalassets/project/eera-deepwind-2024/posters/operation-and-maintenance_ivana_lapsanska_thermographic-detection.pdf AN - OPUS4-62501 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Munsch, Sarah Mandy T1 - Ermittlung der Porosität von Sandsteinen - Vergleich von Quecksilberporosimetrie, Tauchwägung und NMR N2 - Die Porosität sowie die Porengrößenverteilung (PSD) eines Baustoffs sind wichtige petrophysikalische Eigenschaften, die Transportprozesse im Material beeinflussen und im direkten Zusammenhang mit der Schadensanfälligkeit stehen (Frost-Tau-Schäden, Schäden durch Salzeinträge und sauren Regen). Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Porosität stellen die Quecksilberporosimetrie (MIP), das Prinzip der Tauchwägung nach Archimedes (triple weighing method, TWM) und die Nuklear Magnetische Resonanz (NMR) dar. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist der Vergleich der drei Methoden für die Porositätsbestimmung. Als Untersuchungsmaterial wurde Sandstein gewählt. Als Baustoff wird Sandstein trotz einer teilweise geringen Festigkeit, aber aufgrund seiner Farbvielfalt häufig für Kulturbauten, Gehwegmaterial und Fassaden eingesetzt. Sandsteine weisen zudem meist eine hohe effektive Porosität (bis zu ca. 30 %) und teilweise breite Porengrößenspektren auf, wodurch Feuchte- und Ioneneinträge begünstigt werden und zu z. B. langfristigen Verfärbungen an Sandsteinfassaden führen können. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden die Porositäten von 10 verschiedenen Sandsteinen aus Deutschland und Tschechien bestimmt. Für die Untersuchungen mittels TWM und NMR wurden für jede Sandsteinart zwei zylinderförmige Proben unter Unterdruck mit Leitungswasser aufgesättigt. Beim Vergleich der Verfahren liegt der Fokus insbesondere auf NMR und der verwendeten Gerätetechnik, die mit einer minimalen Echozeit von 50 µs ein Wasserstoffsignal in Sandsteinen aus bis zu ca. 2 nm kleine Poren erfassen kann. Darüber hinaus wird das Auflösungsvermögen von MIP und NMR bezüglich der Poren- bzw. Poreneingangsgrößen diskutiert. Für den Vergleich von NMR und MIP werden an ausgewählten Sandsteinproben ebenfalls die zusätzlich ermittelten PSD in Korrelation zueinander gebracht. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute Korrelation von NMR- und TWM-Daten, aber teilweise starke Abweichungen zu den mit MIP bestimmten Porositäten. Ergebnisse zu den PSD zeigen teilweise nahezu identische Kurvenverläufe. Jedoch ist die Abschätzung des Umrechnungsfaktors für die NMR-Daten ohne Hinzuziehen von zusätzlichen Referenzverfahren wie Röntgen-Computer-Tomographie oder Spektral Induzierte Polarisation teilweise sehr schwierig. T2 - Bauwerksdiagnose CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.02.2020 KW - NMR KW - Porosität KW - Sandsteine KW - Quecksilberporosimetrie KW - Tauchwägung PY - 2020 N1 - Geburtsname von Munsch, Sarah Mandy: Nagel, S. M. - Birth name of Munsch, Sarah Mandy: Nagel, S. M. AN - OPUS4-50405 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Matthias A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Einsatz der Quecksilberporosimetrie zur Charakterisierung von Feinkornbetonen für elektrochemische Untersuchungen N2 - Im Rahmen eines DFG-Forschungsvorhabens (FOR 537) wird ein Teilprojekt an der BAM bearbeitet. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die quantitative Beschreibung und Bewertung des Korrosionsfortschrittes an Stahlproben mit kleinen Kathodenflächen (Eigenkorrosion) mittels elektrochemischer Messungen. Für die Untersuchungen wurden Betonproben mit eingebetteten Stahlelektroden hergestellt. Dabei wurden gezielt betontechnologische Parameter variiert. Dabei ist der Beton als Elektrolyt zu betrachten. Nach bestimmten Zeitintervallen werden die Betonproben aufgebrochen und die eingebetteten Stahlelektroden durch visuelle Inspektion und anschließende Bestimmung des Masseverlustes bewertet. Zur Charakterisierung des Betons (Elektrolyt) dient das Verfahren der Quecksilberporosimetrie. Mit dem Verfahren lassen sich die Zusammenhänge zwischen den betontechnologischen Parametern und der Porenstruktur aufzeigen und mittels der umfangreichen Variation der Betonparameter die Auswirkung auf den Korrosionsfortschritt nachweisen. T2 - XIII. Workshop über die Charakterisierung von feinteiligen und porösen Festkörpern CY - Bad Soden, Germany DA - 14.11.2006 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14294 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grunert, Wiebke T1 - ODYSSEUS N2 - Vorstellung des Forschungsprojekts ODYSSEUS und Darstellung der Aufgaben der BAM. Hierbei sollen neue Instrumente chemische Ausgangsstoffe zur Herstellung von Explosivstoffen und Bomben aufspüren, um zukünftig Anschläge zu verhindern. T2 - 46. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik CY - Siegen, Germany DA - 25.04.2025 KW - Home-made explosives KW - Anschläge KW - Bomben KW - Ausgangsstoffe PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62995 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lohrer, Christian T1 - Initiierungsvermögen von Anzündern (sonstige Pyrotechnik für Fahrzeuge) an Sekundärsprengstoffen N2 - Um eine schwere missbräuchliche Verwendung von Pyrotechnik zu verhindern, ist eine mögliche Initiierung von Sekundärsprengstoffen durch Pyrotechnik gemäß der wesentlichen Sicherheitsanforderungen der Richtlinie 2013/29/EU nicht zulässig. Aus diesem Grund müssen pyrotechnische Gegenstände auch in dieser Hinsicht bewertet werden. In einem pränormativen Forschungsansatz wurden leistungsfähige und für die Allgemeinheit vergleichsweise leicht verfügbare Anzünder aus dem Bereich der Fahrzeugpyrotechnik speziellen Prüfungen für die Bewertung dieser Auslösefähigkeit unterzogen. T2 - 46. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik CY - Siegen, Germany DA - 25.04.2025 KW - Sekundärsprengstoffe KW - Pyrotechnik KW - Konformuitätsbewertung PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62997 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Porzig, Ekkehard T1 - Zerstörungsarme Bauzustandsanalyse selbsttätig vorgespannter Stahlbetonfachwerkträger im Flughafen Berlin-Tempelhof N2 - - einer der größten zusammenhängenden Gebäudekomplexe in Europa - Anfang der dreißiger Jahre von Prof. Sagebiel geplant, 1936 Baubeginn, heute zu 70%fertiggestellt - steht heute wegen großer verkehrs- und baugeschichtlicher Bedeutung unter Denkmalschutz - in Abfertigungshalle befindliche Fachwerkträger mit selbsttätiger Vorspannung zeigen Anfang des Spannbetonbaus - ab 1997 Überarbeitung des Nutzungskonzeptes der Räume über den Fachwerkträgern durch Berliner Flughafengesellschaft - Erfordernis der Abschätzung der Tragfähigkeit der Fachwerkträger T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose - Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen CY - Munich, Germany DA - 21.01.1999 KW - Fachwerkträger KW - Mechanische Kennwertermittlung KW - Vergleichsstahlproben PY - 1999 AN - OPUS4-36517 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Combined cell and nanoparticle models for TOPAS to study radiation dose enhancement by Monte-Carlo based particle scattering Simulations N2 - Dose enhancement by gold nanoparticles (AuNP) increases the biological effectiveness of radiation damage in biomolecules and tissue. To apply them effectively during cancer therapy their influence on the locally delivered dose has to be determined.[1] Hereby, the AuNP locations strongly influence the energy deposit in the nucleus, mitochondria, membrane and the cytosol of the targeted cells. To estimate these effects, particle scattering simulations are applied. In general, different approaches for modeling the AuNP and their distribution within the cell are possible. In this work, two newly developed continuous and discrete-geometric models for simulations of AuNP in cells are presented. [2] These models are applicable to simulations of internal emitters and external radiation sources. Most of the current studies on AuNP focus on external beam therapy. In contrast, we apply the presented models in Monte-Carlo particle scattering simulations to characterize the energy deposit in cell organelles by radioactive 198AuNP. They emit beta and gamma rays and are therefore considered for applications with solid tumors. Differences in local dose enhancement between randomly distributed and nucleus targeted nanoparticles are compared. Hereby nucleus targeted nanoparticels showed a strong local dose enhancement in the radio sensitive nucleus. These results are the foundation for ongoing experimental work which aims to obtain a mechanistic understanding of cell death induced by radioactive 198Au. T2 - #RSCposter 2023 CY - Online meeting DA - 28.02.2023 KW - AuNP KW - Beta decay KW - Brachytherapy KW - Cancer treatment KW - Clustered nanoparticles KW - DNA KW - DNA damage KW - Dosimetry KW - Energy deposit KW - Geant4 KW - Geant4-DNA KW - Gold Nanoparticles KW - LEE KW - Livermore model KW - Low energy electrons KW - MCS KW - Microdosimetry KW - Monte-Carlo simulation KW - NP KW - OH radical KW - Penelope model KW - Radiation damage KW - Radiation therapy KW - Radiationtherapy KW - Radiotherapy KW - Radioactive decay KW - Radiolysis KW - Simulation KW - TOPAS KW - TOPAS-nbio KW - beta particle KW - particle scattering PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57060 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hoell, A. T1 - On the usage of anomalous SAXS to analyzethe structure and composition of bimetallic nanoparticles and quantum dots N2 - Tailor-made nanoparticles are of increasing interest in e.g. catalysis, as sensor materials, analytical assays, or can have superior photophysical properties. A major issue concerning the preparation of high-quality and functional nanoparticles is a good control of particle size, shape, polydispersity, and composition. Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is a non-destructive method for the analysis of nanostructures in a wide variety of materials. This method allows determining averaged structural parameters on a length scale from just above atomic sizes up to several 100 nanometers such as sizes, size distributions, volume fractions, and inner surface sizes. Moreover, anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (ASAXS) exploits the anomalous dispersion of the scattering amplitudes near the X-ray absorption edges of the elements contained in the sample. These element sensitive contrast variations can be used to analyse average composition fluctuations on the nm scale. Two kinds of nanoparticles are chosen here to elaborate the advantages of ASAXS in the analysis of complex materials. A facile and efficient methodology is developed for the thermal synthesis of size-tunable, stable, and uniform bimetallic NiCu core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) for various application in catalysis. Their diameter can be tuned in a range from 6 nm to 30 nm and the Ni:Cu ratio is adjustable in a wide range from 1:1 to 30:1. The NPs are structurally characterized by a method combination of transmission electron microscopy, anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS), X-ray absorption fine structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Here, we focus on the ASAXS method and its ability to analyses nanostructure parts and their compositions at once. As a result, a NiCu alloyed core surrounded by a Ni enriched shell and an outer NiO shell was found. Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) are well known for their superior photophysical properties and enabled advancements in several key technologies of the 21st century and numerous technological applications like in photovoltaics, LED displays, photocatalysis, and biosensing. To achieve high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) and enhanced photostability the QD core needs to be passivated by a second semiconductor, which possess a larger band gap to confine the charges within the QD core. An important parameter is thereby the lattice mismatch between the core and shell. To avoid strong lattice strain, which would alter the photophysical properties, an intermediary shell can be used as a lattice adapter between the core and the outer shell leading to core/shell/shell systems. These systems have shown to possess high PLQYs combined with a strong long-term stability and can be found in modern QLED displays. ASAXS was used here to better understand the core/shell/shell structure of InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs to enable a correlation between their structural and photophysical properties. T2 - IUCr - International Union of Crystallography CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 22.08.2023 KW - ASAXS KW - Quantum dot KW - Core/shell materials KW - Safer by design PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58812 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herbst, Tristan T1 - Einsatzpotenzial und nachhaltige Verwertung von Hausmüllverbrennungsaschen als Gesteinskörnungen im Beton N2 - Im Hinblick auf eine nachhaltige Entwicklung sollen nach dem KrW/AbfG der Rohstoffeintrag und der Abfallaustrag in den Lebensphasen eines Bauwerks durch weitgehende Verwertung von Sekundärrohstoffen (Reststoffen) möglichst gering gehalten werden. Ein Einsatz von Reststoffen wie Hausmüllverbrennungsaschen (MV-Aschen) im Betonbau kann potenziell einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung leisten. T2 - Tagung Bauchemie CY - Freiberg, Germany DA - 08.10.2009 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-22966 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Sebastian A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Selleng, Christian T1 - A new sample holder for fast xrd investigation on UHPC N2 - A new sample holder is described in this poster. It was developed in BAM for fast XRD investigation on UHPC (ultra high performance concrete). Results measuring solid, i.e. not pulverized, samples are shown. T2 - GeoBerlin 2015 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.10.2015 KW - Building Materials KW - UHPC KW - X-ray diffractometry PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36949 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Haamkens, Frank A1 - Linde, O. T1 - Untersuchungen an Beton mit Hausmüllverbrennungsasche als Gesteinskörnung N2 - Hausmüllverbrennungsasche soll aufgrund ihrer chemisch-mineralogischen Eigenschaften als Gesteinskörnung zur Herstellung von Normalbetonen eingesetzt werden. Durch Bestandteile, wie Chloride, metallisches Aluminium und Altglasfragmente, entstehen aber in kürzester Zeit beträchtliche Betonschäden. Durch zusätzliche mechanische, chemische oder thermische Aufbereitungsschritte können diese betonschädigenden Inhaltsstoffe minimiert werden. Dadurch lässt sich die Qualität der Asche soweit verbessern, dass sie gut zur Betonherstellung verwendbar ist. T2 - GDCh-Fachtagung Bauchemie CY - Siegen, Germany DA - 27.09.2007 KW - Normalbeton KW - Chloride KW - Aluminium KW - Altglasfragmente KW - Betonschäden PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-36506 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Fritz, Thomas T1 - Untersuchungen zur Präzision von Porositätsmessungen an Zementmörtel N2 - Ermittlung der Präzision des Messverfahrens Quecksilberporosimetrie für die Materialklasse Zementmörtel durch Ringversuche nach ISO 5725 T2 - 10. Workshop über die Charakterisierung von Feinteiligen und Porösen Festkörpern CY - Bad Soden, Germany DA - 14.11.2000 KW - Quecksilberporosimetrie KW - Ringversuche KW - ISO 5725 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-36512 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Rübner, J. A1 - Knölle, G. A1 - Tschritter, H. T1 - Porosität neuer anorganisch-organischer Nanoverbunde N2 - Kiefernholz wird durch Imprägnieren mit einem Vorkondensat aus organischen Disäuren und Glycerin, das kolloidale Kieselsäure enthält, sowie nachfolgende Ofenhärtung in Kieselsäure/Alkydharz/Holz-Verbunde umgewandelt. Diese Nanoverbunde haben eine geringere Porosität als Holz, da Teile der Holzzellen mit Harz und Kieselsäure ausgefüllt sind. Die kugelförmigen, etwa 60 nm großen (SiO1)x-Teilchen liegen in der Polymermatrix mikrophasensepariert vor. Der kolloidale Zustand der eingebrachten Polykieselsäure bleibt erhalten. Durch ihr günstiges Eigenschaftsprofil sind die Verbundmaterialien als modifizierter Holzbaustoff interessant. T2 - 3. Tagung Bauchemie CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 27.09.2001 KW - Kiefernholz KW - Disäuren KW - Glycerin KW - Kieselsäure KW - Holzbaustoff PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-36507 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Munsch, Sarah Mandy T1 - 1H NMR Relaxometry: A Reliable Tool for Predicting Durability Properties? N2 - Resistance to carbonation and chloride migration are critical durability properties in cementitious construction materials. The ingress of CO2 and chlorides can lead to concrete deterioration and reinforcement corrosion, underscoring the importance of ensuring high resistance to these durability-reducing factors. Traditional methods, such as determinating the carbonation coefficient using standard procedures, are time-consuming and resource-intensive. These tests typically require 42 days of preconditioning, followed by 70 days before the final results can be determined using a phenolphthalein test, for a total duration of 112 days. In addition, some test chambers can only accommodate four samples at a time. In this study, we investigate whether 1H NMR relaxometry can effectively predict not only the carbonation resistance, KAC,3%, but also the chloride migration coefficient, DRCM, and the compressive strength, fc, of concrete, providing a method that could potentially streamline and accelerate the material development process by directing us quickly to potentially well-suited formulations. We performed measurements on non-carbonated fully saturated concrete and mortar samples at 28, 56, and 92 days using the NMR tomograph at BAM (8.9 MHz). Notably, the NMR measurements taken at 28 days showed no significant differences, suggesting that this timeframe is sufficient for meaningful results. The samples analyzed were drill cores, each 70 mm in diameter and approximately 120 mm in height. The NMR features we focused on included the initial amplitude E0, the x and y values of the dominant T2 relaxation time, and the logarithmic mean of the T2 relaxation time distribution. Another key feature was the surface relaxivity, which was determined by comparing the NMR curves with results from mercury intrusion porosimetry. We examined the correlation of these NMR features with the aforementioned durability properties, which were determined in a laboratory on sister samples using standard procedures. No chloride migration tests were performed on the mortar samples, and the carbonation procedure was carried out unter atmospheric conditions. The preliminary results show that the correlation factors for the NMR features with the carbonation coefficients of concrete were particularly remarkable. The strongest correlations were observed for the dominant relaxation time and the logarithmic mean, with values approaching 1. The preliminary results also indicate that there are high correlations between the compressive strength and amplitude-related features. In contrast, no strong correlations are observed for the DRCM. Although the results related to the mortar samples are still being analyzed, these initial correlations suggest that 1H NMR relaxometry could be a valuable tool for early assessment of material properties. Furthermore, the rapid and non-destructive nature of NMR measurements, requiring only a few minutes per sample, suggests that this technique has the potential to significantly accelerate the process of evaluating durability properties in cementitious materials. This capability also paves the way for the use of NMR features as input for AI-driven predictive models. T2 - Magnetic Resonance in Porous Media 2024 CY - Tromso, Norway DA - 26.08.2024 KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance KW - SLAMD KW - Carbonation KW - Durability PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61058 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bahlmann, Stefanie A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Untersuchungen zur Verwertung industrieller Reststoffe als Ersatz von Primärrohstoffen in Mörtel und Beton N2 - Um den Abbau primärer Rohstoffe zu reduzieren, wurden deponierte oder niederwertig eingesetzte industrielle Reststoffe hinsichtlich einer höherwertigen Verwendung im Betonbau untersucht. Zur Bewertung des Einsatzpotentials als Zementbestandteil oder Betonzusatzstoff erfolgte zunächst eine chemisch-mineralogische und betontechnologische Charakterisierung der Materialien. Reststoffe, die die normativen Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Zementzusammensetzung erfüllen, wurden anschließend zu verschiedenen Anteilen als Zementsubstitut in Mörtel eingesetzt. In vergleichenden Untersuchungen erfolgte die Ermittlung der Frisch- und Festmörteleigenschaften. Kalorimetrische Untersuchungen sollten die Auswirkungen der Reststoffe auf die Zementhydratation zeigen. Ausgewählte Untersuchungsergebnisse an Reststoffen aus der Industrieabwasseraufbereitung, dem Altpapierrecycling, der Biomasseverbrennung und der Metallurgie werden vorgestellt. T2 - 17. Internationale Baustofftagung IBAUSIL 2009 CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 23.09.2009 KW - Industrieabwasseraufbereitung KW - Altpapierrecycling KW - Biomasseverbrennung KW - Metallurgie PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-36516 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -