TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Guiping A1 - Liu, Ye A1 - Schultz, Thorsten A1 - Exner, Moritz A1 - Muydinov, Ruslan A1 - Wang, Hui A1 - Scheurell, Kerstin A1 - Huang, Jieyang A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Pinna, Nicola A1 - Koch, Norbert A1 - Adelhelm, Philipp A1 - Bojdys, Michael J. T1 - One‐Pot Synthesis of High‐Capacity Sulfur Cathodes via In‐Situ Polymerization of a Porous Imine‐Based Polymer N2 - AbstractLithium‐ion batteries, essential for electronics and electric vehicles, predominantly use cathodes made from critical materials like cobalt. Sulfur‐based cathodes, offering a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g−1 and environmental advantages due to sulfur's abundance and lower toxicity, present a more sustainable alternative. However, state‐of‐the‐art sulfur‐based electrodes do not reach the theoretical capacities, mainly because conventional electrode production relies on mixing of components into weakly coordinated slurries. Consequently, sulfur‘s mobility leads to battery degradation—an effect known as the “sulfur‐shuttle”. This study introduces a solution by developing a microporous, covalently‐bonded, imine‐based polymer network grown in situ around sulfur particles on the current collector. The polymer network (i) enables selective transport of electrolyte and Li‐ions through pores of defined size, and (ii) acts as a robust host to retain the active component of the electrode (sulfur species). The resulting cathode has superior rate performance from 0.1 C (1360 mAh g−1) to 3 C (807 mAh g−1). Demonstrating a high‐performance, sustainable sulfur cathode produced via a simple one‐pot process, our research underlines the potential of microporous polymers in addressing sulfur diffusion issues, paving the way for sulfur electrodes as viable alternatives to traditional metal‐based cathodes. KW - In-situ polymerization KW - Sulfur cathodes PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604215 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202400382 SN - 1433-7851 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-60421 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Das, Prasenjit A1 - Chakraborty, Gouri A1 - Friese, Nico A1 - Roeser, Jérôme A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Schmidt, Johannes A1 - Thomas, Arne T1 - Heteropolyaromatic Covalent Organic Frameworks via One-Pot Multicomponent Reactions N2 - Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer a platform to create different chemical structures and linkages for highly stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs). As an illustrative example, the multicomponent Povarov reaction generates 2,4-phenylquinoline from aldehydes and amines in the presence of electron-rich alkenes. In this study, we introduce a new domino reaction to generate unprecedented 2,3-phenylquinoline COFs in the presence of epoxystyrene. This work thus presents, for the first time, structural isomeric COFs produced by multicomponent domino and Povarov reactions. Furthermore, 2,3-phenylquinolines can undergo a Scholl reaction to form extended aromatic linkages. With this approach, we synthesize two thermally and chemically stable MCR-COFs and two heteropolyaromatic COFs using both domino and in situ domino and Scholl reactions. The structure and properties of these COFs are compared with the corresponding 2,4-phenylquinoline-linked COF and imine-COF, and their activity toward benzene and cyclohexane sorption and separation is investigated. The position of the pendant phenyl groups within the COF pore plays a crucial role in facilitating the industrially important sorption and separation of benzene over cyclohexane. This study opens a new avenue to construct heteropolyaromatic COFs via MCR reactions. KW - COF PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604038 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c02551 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-60403 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dudziak, Mateusz A1 - Bhatia, Riya A1 - Dey, R. A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Ullrich, M. S. A1 - Thomsen, C. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Wastewater phosphorus enriched algae as a sustainable flame retardant in polylactide N2 - Revolutionizing our polymer industry for adaption to a sustainable carbon circular economy has become one of today’s most demanding challenges. Exploiting renewable resources to replace fossil-fuel—based plastics with biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is inevitable while using waste streams as a raw material resource at least is promising. When it comes to using PLA as technical polymer, its high flammability must be addressed by flame retardants compatible with the thermoplastic processing of PLA and its compostability. This study proposes microalgae enriched with phosphorus from wastewater (P-Algae) as an elegant way towards a kind of sustainable organophosphorus flame retardant. The concept is demonstrated by investigating the processing, pyrolysis, flammability, and fire behavior of PLA/P-Algae, while varying the P-Algae content and comparing P-Algae with four alternative bio-fillers (phosphorylated lignin, biochar, thermally treated sewage sludge, and metal phytate) with different P-contents as meaningful benchmarks. KW - PLA KW - Flame Retardancy KW - Phosphorylated Algae KW - Wastewater flame retardants KW - Zink phytate KW - Phosphorylated lignin KW - Thermally treated sludge PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604150 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110885 SN - 1873-2321 SN - 0141-3910 VL - 227 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60415 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glazyrin, Konstantin A1 - Spektor, Kristina A1 - Bykov, Maxim A1 - Dong, Weiwei A1 - Yu, Ji‐Hun Yu A1 - Yang, Sangsun Yang A1 - Lee, Jai‐Sung Lee A1 - Divinski, Sergiy V. A1 - Hanfland, Michael A1 - Yusenko, Kirill V. T1 - High‐Entropy Alloys and Their Affinity with Hydrogen: From Cantor to Platinum Group Elements Alloys N2 - AbstractProperties of high‐entropy alloys are currently in the spotlight due to their promising applications. One of the least investigated aspects is the affinity of these alloys to hydrogen, its diffusion, and reactions. In this study, high pressure is applied at ambient temperature and stress‐induced diffusion of hydrogen is investigated into the structure of high‐entropy alloys (HEA) including the famous Cantor alloy as well as less known, but nevertheless important platinum group (PGM) alloys. By applying X‐ray diffraction to samples loaded into diamond anvil cells, a comparative investigation of transition element incorporating HEA alloys in Ne and H2 pressure‐transmitting media is performed at ambient temperature. Even under stresses far exceeding conventional industrial processes, both Cantor and PGM alloys show exceptional resistance to hydride formation, on par with widely used industrial grade Cu–Be alloys. The observations inspire optimism for practical HEA applications in hydrogen‐relevant industry and technology (e.g., coatings, etc), particularly those related to transport and storage. KW - XRD KW - HIgh entropy, KW - Cantor KW - Alloys KW - Synchrotron PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604170 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202401741 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-60417 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pallasch, Sebastian M. A1 - Bhosale, Manik A1 - Smales, Glen J. A1 - Schmidt, Caroline A1 - Riedel, Sibylle A1 - Zhao-Karger, Zhirong A1 - Esser, Birgit A1 - Dumele, Oliver T1 - Porous Azatruxene Covalent Organic Frameworks for Anion Insertion in Battery Cells N2 - Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) containing well-defined redox-active groups have become competitive materials for next-generation batteries. Although high potentials and rate performance can be expected, only a few examples of p-type COFs have been reported for charge storage to date with even fewer examples on the use of COFs in multivalent ion batteries. Herein, we report the synthesis of a p-type highly porous and crystalline azatruxene-based COF and its application as a positive electrode material in Li- and Mg-based batteries. When this material is used in Li-based half cells as a COF/carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode, a discharge potential of 3.9 V is obtained with discharge capacities of up to 70 mAh g−1 at a 2 C rate. In Mg batteries using a tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)borate electrolyte, cycling proceeds with an averge discharge voltage of 2.9 V. Even at a fast current rate of 5 C, the capacity retention amounts to 84% over 1000 cycles. KW - COFs PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c04044 VL - 146 IS - 25 SP - 17318 EP - 17324 PB - Journal of the American Chemical Society AN - OPUS4-60419 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matthews, Lauren T1 - Breaking the Wall of Rapid Diagnostics N2 - In this short presentation the diagnostics, biomarkers and analysis are interrelated. The specificity and sensitivity of the DNA structures as well as the high-throughput option of the nanopore sensing are discussed. T2 - Falling Walls Lab Berlin-Adlershof CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.09.2023 KW - Nanopipettes KW - Sensing KW - Diagnosis KW - DNA structures PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60450 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - John, Elisabeth A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Stockmann, Jörg M. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Hodoroaba, Dan T1 - Towards a high-entropy alloy thin-film reference material N2 - Analyzing materials composed of multiple elements with spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Auger-Electron Spectroscopy (AES) or Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), can be challenging due to spectral overlap. Moreover, each analytical method introduces its own set of challenges, e.g., the strong secondary fluorescence effect for neighbor elements in EPMA, thus, making the accurate elemental quantification in such materials difficult. When the material is available as thin film, additional constraints are inherently present. To provide a reference material for these analytical challenges high entropy alloys (HEAs) are excellent candidates. Currently, there is no thin film reference available containing more than 2 elements. Unlike traditional alloys, which typically consist of one or two main elements and smaller amounts of secondary elements, HEAs are characterized by the presence of multiple principal elements in almost equal proportions. This unique composition results in a high degree of disorder at the atomic level, leading to exceptional mechanical, physical, and often unexpected properties. HEAs have garnered significant attention in materials science and engineering due to their potential applications in a wide range of industries, from aerospace and automotive to electronics and renewable energy. For the preparation of a dedicated thin film reference material, we have chosen to prepare HEAs by magnetron sputtering, since it is not associated with elemental segregation that may occur due to the high configurational entropy of HEAs, which promotes atomic rearrangements. Our goal was to prepare films with a homogeneous thickness and defined chemical composition to be analyzed by various methods dedicated to surface analysis. The material, consisting of titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, and nickel was deposited as film on silicon substrates - to our knowledge the first HEA thin film of this type reported in literature. A set of different thickness of the films was chosen, on the one hand to facilitate the analysis with different techniques, and on the other side to evaluate the limitations of the respective methods. The films morphology was characterized as prepared by SEM followed by the analysis of their 2D compositional homogeneity by EDX, XRF, ToF-SIMS and XPS. in-depth chemical composition was evaluated by ToF-SIMS and AES. The outcomes of analyzing the initial batches of films will be presented. T2 - European Conference on Applications Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA 2024) CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 10.06.2024 KW - High-entropy alloy KW - Thin film KW - Magnetron sputtering PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60455 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sänger, Johanna C. A1 - Riechers, Birte A1 - Pauw, Brian R. A1 - Maaß, Robert A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Microplastic response of 2PP‐printed ceramics N2 - AbstractTwo‐photon polymerization (2PP) additive manufacturing (AM) utilizes feedstocks of ceramic nanoparticles of a few nanometers in diameter, enabling the fabrication of highly accurate technical ceramic design with structural details as small as 500 nm. The performance of these materials is expected to differ from conventional AM ceramics, as nanoparticles and three‐dimensional printing at high resolution introduce new microstructural aspects. This study applies 2PP‐AM of yttria‐stabilized zirconia to investigate the mechanical response behavior under compressive load, probing the influence of smallest structural units induced by the line packing during the printing process, design of sintered microblocks, and sintering temperature and thereby microstructure. We find a dissipative mechanical response enhanced by sintering at lower temperatures than conventional. The pursued 2PP‐AM approach yields a microstructured material with an increased number of grain boundaries that proposedly play a major role in facilitating energy dissipation within the here printed ceramic material. This microplastic response is further triggered by the filigree structures induced by hollow line packing at the order of the critical defect size of ceramics. Together, these unique aspects made accessible by the 2PP‐AM approach contribute to a heterogeneous nano‐ and microstructure, and hint toward opportunities for tailoring the mechanical response in future ceramic applications. KW - Manufacturing KW - Mechanical properties KW - Microstructure KW - Plasticity KW - Zirconia: yttria stabilized PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605176 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.19849 SN - 1551-2916 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley CY - Oxford [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-60517 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Madbouly, Loay Akmal A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul A1 - Schusterbauer, Robert A1 - Stockmann, Jörg Manfred A1 - Jones, E. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Chemical Analysis of Functionalized Graphene along the Production Chain N2 - Graphene has been commercialized for over a decade. It is usually used in the form of suspensions or inks. In this study, we analyze the starting material for commercial functionalized graphene (FG) solutions and inks as well as their starting material (FG powders) using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Graphene was functionalized with fluorine, oxygen, ammonia, and carboxylic acid. Our results suggest a significant effect of water and commercial resins on the presence as well as the morphological behavior of graphene and associated functionalized group. For example, XPS analysis shows some significant differences between the solutions and the starting materials (powders). These changes can be explained by the location of the functionalization at the outer most surface as indicated by Chemello et al. T2 - European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA 2024) CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 09.06.2024 KW - Functionalized graphene KW - Commercial graphene KW - Graphene inks PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60446 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Madbouly, Loay Akmal A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul A1 - Schusterbauer, Robert A1 - Schusterbauer, Jörg Manfred A1 - Jones,, E. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Chemical Analysis of Functionalized Graphene along the Production Chain N2 - Graphene has been commercialized for over a decade. It is usually used in the form of suspensions or inks. In this study, we analyze the starting material for commercial functionalized graphene (FG) solutions and inks as well as their starting material (FG powders) using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Graphene was functionalized with fluorine, oxygen, ammonia, and carboxylic acid. Our results suggest a significant effect of water and commercial resins on the presence as well as the morphological behavior of graphene and associated functionalized group. For example, XPS analysis shows some significant differences between the solutions and the starting materials (powders). These changes can be explained by the location of the functionalization at the outer most surface as indicated by Chemello et al. T2 - MaterialsWeek 2024 CY - Limassol, Cyprus DA - 17.06.2024 KW - Functionalized graphene KW - Commercial graphene KW - Graphene inks PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60448 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -