TY - JOUR A1 - Seneschal-Merz, Karine A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Feldmann, Ines T1 - Low melting glasses for transparent and environmentally-resistant enamels N2 - Today glass is broadly used in modern architecture. For indoor applications it is possible to produce decorated glass by using enamel colours and glass painting techniques without any problems. However, this is more limited for applications out of doors. Humidity and environmental pollution attack the surface of the coating and can damage it. There are only a few colours on the market which are resistant towards acids and bases until now. Additionally, most of those colours are opaque. To extend the colour palette, chemically resistant low melting coloured glasses are being developed which are transparent and intensively toned even in thin coating thicknesses. To achieve such an ambitious aim, many parameters have to combine and act in a complex manner. New compositions of lead borosilicate, zinc borosilicate and lead-zinc borosilicate glasses were produced and milled as powder. The thermal properties as well as the environmental stability were analysed. The influence of PbO and ZnO on the thermal properties and the environmental stability were investigated. Evaluation of the fusing results shows that the production and mixture of transparent vitreous enamels for the exterior side of glasses is possible. The tests made it clear that the original materials for making the vitreous enamels must be excellently ground and prepared to achieve a satisfactory result. The method to produce durable vitreous enamels for exterior application also seems to allow the production of glass colours. KW - Low melting glasses KW - Enamels KW - Heavy metal free KW - Corrosion KW - Chemical durability KW - Aging tests KW - Architecture KW - Colored glasses PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.13036/17533546.60.4.002 SN - 1753-3546 SN - 1753-3554 VL - 60 IS - 4 SP - 97 EP - 104 PB - Society of Glass Technology CY - Sheffield, UK AN - OPUS4-48835 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Seneschal-Merz, Karine A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Oleszczuk, S. T1 - EDX-Analysis on medieval glasses and innovative protection of stained glass panels N2 - The church of Koszewko (Poland) is a brick building edified in the 15th century built on cobblestone foundations. There are five windows in the sanctuary. Three of them enclose heraldic panels from the Küssow’s family from the 15th century which are surrounded with Goethe glass from the 18th century to complete the windows. The colored heraldic panels are strongly damaged and corroded with massive paint layer losses, glass- and leadbreakages. Those medieval glass fragments have been shortly discovered and are of particular interest for Poland since only few medieval glazing have been conserved. The damages as well as the glass compositions have been investigated with ESEM/EDX. Two categories of medieval glass compositions have been identified. The blue glass is particularly sensible to corrosion because of his high content in K2O. The colorless and the red glass samples belong to a stable glass type. Due to the thickness of the gel layer, it is easy to see that the degradation is strongly proceeded. The protection of those medieval stained-glass panels is absolute necessary. The medieval panels have been restored and surrounded from a copper frame. Then they have been fixed on the wood frame in the church. The exterior glazing has been closed with a panel of Goethe glass. The gap between the Goethe- and the medieval glass is about 3 cm. The Goethe glass panel has been stabilized with a film based on polyester to protect the medieval glasses against any damages. In this way, a low cost protective glazing has been installed for a long-term conservation of each medieval stained-glass panels. The climate measurements over the period of one year on the restored windows are in process. The temperature and the relative humidity are recorded in the church interior, in the gap between the original and the Goethe glass and outdoors. T2 - 93rd Annual Meeting of DGG and Annual Meeting of USTV CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - Medieval glasses KW - Stained glasses KW - EDX Analysis KW - Corrosion PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48025 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Reimann, M. T1 - Conservation of damaged architectural aluminum elements N2 - Aluminum is an often-used building material in modern architecture. In recent years buildings from the 1950th and 1960th are increasingly subject of conservation works including the aluminum parts. Typical surface damages are signs of corrosion caused by weathering processes or scratches in the anodized layer due to extensive wear. To repair damaged aluminum surfaces, there are usually two options: smaller areas are repaired by using a touch-up pen, for larger damages it is necessary to remove the anodized layer completely. Both possibilities are disadvantageous for the objects; the touch-up pen often does not match the color together with an insufficient corrosion protection, while newly anodized layers often differ in color and gloss from the original surface. For this reason, a research project was initiated to develop a mobile method to repair anodized aluminum parts. The first step focusses on the mobile anodization process by using the electrolyte with a gel substrate. Different cathodic materials are to be tested together with appropriate cooling material. The anodized area should be isolated to protect undamaged areas. Examinations of the produced layers are conducted by using Keyence microscope, eddy current testing and ESEM analysis. Further steps are to transform the coloring and sealing process for mobile application. Color could be applied by using a brush or by spray while the sealing process could be performed with water vapor. An heatable putty knife could be used, if heating up the area will be necessary. Once the application process is developed, the anodization will be tested on samples with artificial damages, fixed in horizontal and vertical positions. The stability of the anodized surface will be examined by accelerated ageing in a climate chamber and outdoor weathering. The electrolyte (diluted sulfuric acid) was combined with a gel binder to enable a mobile application. Several thickening agents were tested concerning their conductivity and stability in acid systems. Anodization tests with different cathodic material and shapes were conducted. The temperature during anodization was controlled and adjusted if necessary. The anodized area was restricted by using either a lacquer, an adhesive or a removable silicon barrier. The fist results show the feasibility of the method on enclosed areas. The achieved thickness was measured by eddy current testing and the structure was controlled by ESEM analysis. The examinations show a connection between thickness and porosity of the anodized layers and the temperature during the application process. Next steps are testing mobile coloring and sealing methods followed by mobile anodization on artificial damaged areas. T2 - Metal 2019 CY - Neuchâtel, Switzerland DA - 02.09.2019 KW - Mobile anodisation KW - Aluminium KW - Conservation KW - Damage repair PY - 2020 UR - https://www.lulu.com/shop/claudia-chemello-and-laura-brambilla-and-edith-joseph/metal-2019-proceedings-of-the-interim-meeting-of-the-icom-cc-metals-working-group-september-2-6-2019-neuch%C3%A2tel-switzerland-ebook/ebook/product-24517161.html AN - OPUS4-51479 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald T1 - Standard Operating Procedures in the digital context N2 - The intention of the presentation is to inspire a discussion on the needs and challenges for the digitalisation of SOPs. SOPs are available for the disciplines of physical-chemical characterisation, for toxicology, for environmental applications and for exposure applications. Furthermore the SOPs need to be integrated in the regulatory framework and need to be detailed enough for the digital processing. This is highlighted in this presentation. T2 - Nanosafety 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 07.10.2020 KW - Nano KW - SOP KW - NFDI KW - Digitalisation KW - Operating Procedure PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51491 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rühle, Bastian A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnick, Jörg T1 - Perspektive der BAM auf neuartige Materialien N2 - Neuartige Materialien, die bekannte (Werk-)Stoffe mit neuen Funktionalitäten ausstatten, spielen eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle im Bereich der Materialforschung und -prüfung. Das Spektrum neuartiger Materialien reicht von der gezielten Oberflächenfunktionalisierung und -strukturierung makroskopischer Materialien, dünnen Beschichtungen bis hin zu mikro- und nanoskaligen Kompositmaterialien und funktionalen Materialien an der Schnittstelle zur Biologie, Biotechnologie, nachhaltige Energiespeicherung und Sensorik. Dabei bieten neuartige Materialien die Chance, Werkstoffe und Produkte mit erweiterter oder verbesserter Funktionalität zu erhalten und Sicherheit bereits im Designprozess zu berücksichtigen. Durch dieses breite Anwendungsspektrum und die Herausforderungen, die solche Materialien für die Sicherheit in Chemie und Technik mit sich bringen, sind diese in allen Themenfeldern der BAM repräsentiert (Material, Analytical Sciences, Energie, Infrastruktur und Umwelt). Die Aufgaben der BAM erstrecken sich dabei von der Herstellung von Referenzmaterialien für Industrie, Forschung und Regulation, über die Erstellung von standardisierten Referenzverfahren für nachhaltige Messungen im Umwelt- und Lebenswissenschaftsbereich bis hin zur Bereitstellung von belastbaren und zitierbaren Referenzdaten. Durch die genaue Charakterisierung neuartiger Materialien können potentiell problematische Substanzen identifiziert und deren Risiken besser abgeschätzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden einige aktuelle Beispiele aus diesen Bereichen vorgestellt. T2 - NanoDialog der Bundesregierung - Chancen und Risiken von Neuartigen Materialien CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.05.2019 KW - Advanced Materials KW - Nanomaterialien KW - Neuartige Materialien PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49594 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Hutler, C. A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Vieth, B. A1 - Luch, A. T1 - Investigations on emission properties of VOCs from consumer products made of polymers N2 - There is a need for an assessment of the emission properties of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from consumer products. A method comparison was carried out to evaluate adapted and cost-effective procedures for such items. Smaller and automated emission chambers depicted similar kinetics compared to a 203 L standard chamber. Toy samples made of PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) emitted more VOCs compared to other tested polymeric products. The emissions from 2 selected samples were studied to allow an evaluation of the resulting room concentration and external exposure of a child. Obtained concentrations were not of concern. T2 - Indoor Air Conference 2018 CY - Philadelphia, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Emission chamber KW - VOC KW - Consumer article PY - 2018 SP - Paper 381, 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-45654 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Comparison of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Emission Test Chambers Using EN 717-1 and EN 16516 N2 - For many years EN 717-1 (Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method) is the standard for formaldehyde emission testing of wooden boards. In 2017 EN 16516 (Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air) was published as a new harmonised standard for the emission testing of construction products. Because test chamber conditions are different, both standards give different concentrations for formaldehyde. For the determination of a conversion factor four test series were set up with different wooden boards. T2 - Conference on Indoor Air CY - Philadelphia, PA, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Loading factor KW - Construction products KW - European standard KW - Air exchange rate PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Seneschal-Merz, Karine A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Oleszczuk, O. T1 - EDX-Untersuchungen an mittelaltelichen Gläsern und innovativer Schutz der Glasmalereien N2 - In Vorbereitung einer Restaurierung erfolgten naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu Schadensphänomenen und Glaszusammensetzungen an mittelalterlichen Gläsern aus der Dorfkirche in Koszewko (Polen)im Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) mit EDX. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Glasverwitterung schon sehr stark vorangeschritten ist und ein zukünftiger Schutz der mittelalterlichen Glasmalereifelder vor Umwelteinflüssen unbedingt notwendig ist. Es wurde ein Schutzverglasungsystem entwickelt, das speziell auf den langfristigen Erhalt der einzelnen mittelalterlichen Glasmalereifelder ausgelegt ist. T2 - 21th Congress of Association Internationale pour l´Histoire du Verre CY - Istanbul, Turkey DA - 03.09.2018 KW - Glasanalyse KW - ESEM KW - Schutzverglasung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45947 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klinge, A. A1 - Roswag-Klinge, E. A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Fontana, P. A1 - Hoppe, Johannes A1 - Payet, J. ED - Venkatarama Reddy, B. V. ED - Mani, M. ED - Walker, P. T1 - The Relevance of Earthen Plasters for Eco Innovative, Cost-Efficient and Healthy Construction—Results from the EU-Funded Research Project [H]house N2 - The European building sector is moving towards more complex and high-tech building approaches. While focusing on energy efficiency, aspects e.g. occupant health, sustainability and life cycle costing are often neglected. This study highlights the potential of earthen plasters in combination with natural ventilation for low-tech solutions. The EU funded project [H]house established the outstanding performance of earthen materials in light of hygrothermal and air purifying properties, which were further supported by experimental data from monitoring of naturally ventilated pilot buildings in Berlin. Additionally, [H]house demonstrated through LCC an increased cost efficiency of earth based low-tech solutions in comparison to conventional constructions relying on mechanical ventilation. KW - Climate responsive materials KW - Low-tech approach KW - IEQ KW - natural ventilation KW - LCC PY - 2019 SN - 978-981-13-5882-1 SN - 978-981-13-5883-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_32 SN - 2363-7633 SN - 2363-7641 SP - 371 EP - 382 PB - Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. CY - Singapur AN - OPUS4-47792 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Standardisierte Formaldehyd- (und VOC-) Messungen bei Holzwerkstoffen zur Einspeisung der Daten in Normungsprozesse N2 - UBA und BAM schlagen die Durchführung der Prüfkammermessungen bei 23 °C und 50% relativer Luftfeuchte, einer Beladung von 1,8 m²/m³ und einem Luftwechsel von 0,5 pro Stunde vor. Diese Parameter orientieren sich an der EN 16516, die als zukünftige „Referenznorm“ zu betrachten ist. Die Schmalflächenversiegelung ist auch zukünftig wie in der EN 717-1 beschrieben vorzunehmen. Nach 28 Tagen wird der Mittelwert einer Doppelbestimmung als Endkonzentration („entsprechend der Ausgleichskonzentration“) berechnet. Alternativ dazu kann die Prüfung vorzeitig abgebrochen werden, wenn an 5 Messtagen der Prüfung eine Formaldehydkonzentration von 0,1 ppm nicht überschritten wird. Prüfungen nach der EN 717-1 sollen weiterhin gleichberechtigt möglich sein. Ergebnisse von Messungen, die nach der EN 717-1 ermittelt wurden, sind mit dem Faktor 2,0 zu multiplizieren. Abgeleitete Verfahren wie z.B. das Gasanalyseverfahren sollen weiterhin möglich sein. Das Perforatorverfahren entfällt hier, da eine allgemeine für alle Holzwerkstoffe gültige Korrelationen nicht existiert. Die entsprechenden Änderungen sind in der vom BMUB veröffentlichten „Bekanntmachung analytischer Verfahren für Probenahmen und Untersuchungen für die im Anhang der Chemikalien-Verbotsverordnung genannten Stoffe und Stoffgruppen“ entsprechend zu ändern. T2 - UFOPLAN Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.06.2018 KW - EN 717-1 KW - Prüfkammer KW - Formaldehyd KW - EN 16516 PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45632 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -