TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Acquiring and Documenting Reproducible Spectra, Depth Profiles and Images: XPS, AES and SIMS N2 - In this talk sample prep/handling, instrument calibration and data acquisition methods with examples from XPS, Auger and SIMS will be addressed in terms of their contributions to the reproducibility of data delivered by the methods. Active parties in the field are VAMAS TWA 2 “Surface chemical analysis” (http://www.vamas.org/twa2/index.html), ISO/TC 201 “Surface chemical analysis” (https://www.iso.org/committee/54618.html) and the Surface Analysis Working Group (SAWG) at the International Meter Convention (https://www.bipm.org/en/ committees/cc/wg/sawg.html). The tools to improve the reproducibility of spectra, depth profiles and images at these international platforms are inter-laboratory comparisons, validated SOPs, standards and certified reference materials (CRM) as well as uncertainty budgets and establishment of traceability chains. The last point is of specific importance because all the methods, XPS, Auger and SIMS, are not primary methods. To address quantitative XPS, AES and SIMS results of relevant inter-laboratory comparisons organized by SAWG considering measurands as alloy surface composition and thickness of thin films will be introduced. These comparisons delivered results which are viewed to be benchmarking, some of them resulted in ISO/TC 201 standards. For quantitative XPS and AES the principal outline of an uncertainty budget will be discussed together with the audience. Another issue of quantitative XPS which definitely needs consideration are valid methods for a determination of the transmission function of the instruments and even for the emission angle in the respective experiments. Concerning the field of depth profiling it has to be investigated together with the audience whether the ISO (or ASTM) standards we have are sufficient to guarantee comparable results. Having in mind the number of different sputter ion species available today and range of samples of interest (metals, semiconductors, organic films) this might be questionable. And, how do depth profiling by AR-XPS and variable excitation energy XPS compete here? For imaging surface chemical analysis, the characterization of the imaging system is an issue to be investigated. Here the determination of lateral resolution is a relevant topic. Finally, the future needs to develop metrology for new applications e.g., ambient-pressure XPS, bio samples, and core-shell nanoparticles, will be issues raised for a discussion with the audience. T2 - 17th Topical Conference on Quantitative Surface Analysis (QSA 17) CY - Long Beach, CA, USA DA - 21.10.2018 KW - Depth Profiles and Images KW - X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) KW - Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) KW - SIMS KW - Reproducible Spectra PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46470 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rietz, U. A1 - Lerche, D. A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Grunwald, Daniel A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Determination of coating properties by using analytical centrifugation N2 - The majority of all products have coated surfaces designed to fulfil different requirements. Building constructions are exposed to external influences like a wide temperature and humidity range, rain and UV radiation to name a few. The extension of machine life for metal cutting tools, like drills or milling cutters is another field of application for coated surfaces. The surfaces have to be modified in a way to maintain their specific functionality. Although adhesion testing of coatings is of great interest, it is still a challenge to obtain reliable quantitative results and to meet economic requirements. In this talk we deal with the curing behaviour of different 2-component epoxy paint systems for corrosion protection of metal constructions. After preparation of specimens the strength was determined in specified time intervals during curing. It could be shown that epoxy paints differ significantly on curing time as well as final strength. The second experimental study deals with coating systems on glass fibre reinforced plastics which are used for wind power turbines to reduce abrasive wear and ice adhesion for aerodynamic and safety reasons. All measurements have been carried out by CAT-TechnologyTM (Centrifugal Adhesion Testing), which uses the radially directed centrifugal force as test-load. The multi-sample test instrument analyses up to eight test specimen under identical testing conditions. By varying the rotational speed (100 rpm up to 13,000 rpm), forces from 0.1 N to 6.5 kN are applied. Upon reaching the critical rupture force, the stamp separates from the substrate and a sample related IR-signal is sent from the spinning rotor. For each test specimen breaking force is calculated and displayed in real-time. The innovative measurement principle meets the requirements of DIN EN 15870 and ISO 4624. T2 - EURADH 2018 CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 05.07.2018 KW - Adhesive strength determination KW - CAT-technology KW - Centrifugal adhesion testing KW - Metal coatings KW - Decorative coatings on polymer substrates PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46001 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Gargouri, H. A1 - Kärkkänen, I. A1 - Naumann, F. T1 - Plasma Activation and Plasma-assisted ALD Surface Modification of Polymers for Improved Bonding and Adhesive Strength N2 - Bonding strength is crucial on polymers of low surface energy, for clean surfaces limited to 0.5, 1, and 2 MPa for PTFE, PP, and PE. Plasma treatment may improve bonding strength by a factor of 2 (PTFE) or 5 (PP and PE). The efficiency of treatment is usually 10% as both low pressure and atmospheric pressure processes show low topographic conformity. Besides, lifetime of activation/modification is rather short. Hence, bonding has to be carried out immediately after plasma treatment. The concept of plasma-assisted ALD (atomic layer deposition) interlayers was introduced in the project HARFE of SENTECH (modification/deposition/in-situ monitoring) and BAM (bonding, characterization, testing). ALD deposition has a high surface conformity and for dielectric films of Al2O3 also a good long-term stability given that the films are dense enough. Based on TMA and O2/O3 precursors, ALD layer stacks from 60 to 375 monolayers were prepared under different conditions. For a transfer time of 24 hours from deposition to measurement, bonding strength could be increased up to 5 MPa (PTFE) respectively 10 MPa (PP, PE). The huge potential of ALD layers as adhesive interlayers was demonstrated for Al2O3 on stainless steel with bonding strength beyond 15 MPa, i.e. interface strength within the ALD stack is also in this range. This is a prerequisite for subsequent PVD/CVD-deposition in hybrid systems. By means of the SI ALD LL system of SENTECH thermal and plasma-supported ALD processes can be alternatively realized. Ellipsometric in-situ monitoring provides monolayer sensitivity and reveals that the efficient bonding of the lower ALD layers on the polymer has to be further improved. Testing of bonding strength was realized by CAT (centrifugal adhesion testing) technology. It was shown that ALD modification correlates with the increase of surface energy and bonding strength. T2 - PSE 2018 - 16th Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 17.09.2018 KW - Plasma activation KW - Plasma-assisted ALD modification KW - Adhesive ALD interlayer KW - Bonding strength KW - Adhesive strength PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46015 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Mechanochemical Syntheses of Metal Phosphonates N2 - Mechanochemistry is a suitable method for synthesizing a variety of metal phosphonates. By varying the ratio of the reactants, it is possible to control the reaction pathway. With this approach targeted synthesis of a certain composition is possible. Several new metal phosphonate structures were solved from the powder X-ray diffraction data including molecular metal phosphonates. The results demonstrate a new fast, facile, and environmental friendly alternative for the preparation of metal phosphonates. In situ investigations of the milling processes provided insights into the formation process of metal phosphonates. A multi-step diffusion mechanism was identified for most systems. Crystalline phases were obtained intermediately, suggesting that the synthesis is following Ostwald’s rules of stages. T2 - 1st European Workshop on Metalphophantes CY - Swanse, UK DA - 18.09.2018 KW - Mechanochemistry PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46382 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Kormunda, M. A1 - Ryšánek, P. A1 - Ivanov, L. T1 - Characterisation of magnetron sputtered SnZnOx by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry - how can we analyse TCO materials optically? N2 - Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films are a vital part of a large part of modern technology. The production of TCO materials has sparked much development in plasma coating technology. Quality control measurements of these layers are therefore important in many fields of optics and electronics such as high efficiency thin film photovoltaics. In this presentation, we report on optical measurements of ZnSnOx layers generated by DC/RF magnetron plasma co-sputtering. By changing the respective power on two different targets, the overall power, the gas composition and post-treatment, the properties of this type of layers can be varied in a number of parameters. The optical, electrical, and chemical properties of TCO layers are the technically most important properties together with the layer thickness. The dielectric function of layers is accessible by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry, which also yields the very important value for the layer thickness at the same time. It would be a significant step forward in quality control to use this non-destructive method also as a fast test for electrical properties. Therefore, we report on the optical properties connected to the production parameters, and also on our preliminary results connecting the optical dielectric function (in the visible and near infrared) to the electrical conductivity of the layers. We discuss the effect of deposition parameters on the optical properties of the layers and present an approach for correlating optical and electrical properties. Further, we discuss the question of accuracy of optical properties gained from model-fit-based optical methods and the use of different parameterised models for the dielectric function to achieve this. T2 - PSE 2018 - 16th Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 17.09.2018 KW - Mixed Oxides KW - TCO KW - Quality Control KW - Ellipsometry KW - Optical Constants PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46388 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Joshi, Yogita A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - 3D printing material filled with metal organic frameworks analyzed by synchrotron based absorption edge tomography N2 - Absorption edge tomography, also known as differential tomography at absorption edges, is a method which exploits the sudden change of the attenuation coefficient, when the photon energy crosses the absorption edge of an element. Synchrotron radiation is the best source for absorption edge tomography, because of its small bandwidth, high intensity and easily adjustable photon energy. The synchrotron beamline BAMline at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II in Berlin, which is operated by the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), provides a monochromatized beam in a photon energy range from 5 keV up to 80 keV with a bandwidth of 2%, when the double multilayer monochromator is used. Together with the microtomography setup, this enables differential tomography with submicron resolution at the K edge of the elements from chromium up to the lanthanides, and up to uranium, when the L edges are used as well. In this work, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) embedded in polymer are characterized using differential tomography. MOFs are microporous structures of metal ions, coordinated by organic linker molecules, that can be used in a broad field of applications, especially in gas storage and catalysis. In this work, polymer embedded MOFs were extruded into filaments, which could be used for 3d-printing to profit from the specific properties of the MOFs in polymeric materials combined with the arbitrary shapes provided by 3d-printing. For the extrusion, different polymer classes like ABS, polyester- and polyetherurethanes, as well as different MOFs (ZIF-8, ZIF-67, HKUST-1) were used to create MOF containing filaments with a nominal diameter of 3.0 mm. Differential tomography at the edges of the Zn, Co, and Cu was then used to find the distribution of the corresponding MOF in the filament and to analyze the shape of the inclusions. T2 - MSE 2018 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 26.09.2018 KW - Absorption edge KW - Tomography KW - Metal organic framework KW - Synchrotron PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46429 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Witte, Steffen A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Grunewald, Christian A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - XAFS@BAMline N2 - X-ray Absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) is a frequently employed technique in order to investigate structural composition and Change of chemical compounds such as catalytic species or corrosion processes. These structural properties are essential (i) to understand underlying reaction mechanism and (ii) to further improve the design of materials. While XAFS measurements are usually performed with ionization Chambers or simple fluorescence detectors, we at BAMline specialize in measurements with innovative set-ups that meet Specialrequirements such as time resolution, (3D-) spatial Resolution or demanding sample environments. This contribution presents various available XAFS configurations with their corresponding applications. In particular, these comprise single -shot XAFS for time- resolved measurements, grazing-exit XAFS with energy and a spatially resolved detector for the characterization of thin films and an in situ grazing incidence Setup for the characterization of corrosion layers. Additionally,the possibility of analyzing Minute samples in total-reflection geometry is demonstrated. T2 - EXRS 2018 CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 24.06.2018 KW - XANES KW - XAFS KW - BAMline KW - Synchrotron KW - TXRF PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46361 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Scharf, o T1 - The colour X-ray camera – Basics and applications of a 2D X-ray detector N2 - The Color X-ray Camera CXC or SLcam® is an energy-resolving X-ray camera capable of energy- and space-resolved measurements. It consists of a high-speed CCD detector coupled to a polycapil-lary optic that conducts the X-ray photons from the probe to distinct pixels onto the detector. The camera is capable of fast acquisition of spatially and energy resolved fluorescence images. A dedicated software enables the acquisition and the online processing of the spectral data for all 69696 pixels, leading to a real-time visualization of the elements distribution in a sample. It was developed in a joint project with BAM, IFG Berlin and PN Sensors. In this contribution we will mainly discuss the use of the CXC at our beamline, the BAMline at BESSY II and imaging applications of the CXC from different areas, like biology and archaeometry. Additionally new developments for the use of the detector without optics, like wavelength dispersive detection or 1shot-XANES, will be presented. T2 - Seminar Strahlenphysikalische Anwendungen in Technik und Medizin CY - ATi Wien, Austria DA - 24.01.2018 KW - XRF KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46365 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Rietz, U. A1 - Lerche, D. T1 - State-of-the-Art in Multiple-Sample Evaluation of Adhesive and Bonding Strength N2 - The paper addresses the “State-of-the-Art in Multiple-Sample Evaluation of Adhesive and Bonding Strength” and the following points are discussed in more detail: 1. Motivation (coatings, varnishes, tapes, laminates, CFRP, adhesive-bonded joints) 2. Conventional single-sample testing (evaluation of adhesive and bonding strength; failure pattern) 3. Multiple-sample handling (MSH), bonding (MSB), and testing: centrifugal adhesion testing (CAT) (multiple-sample approach, tensile test within a centrifuge) 4. Application examples of CAT-Technology™ (laminates, optical coatings, CFRP joints) Finally, a summary is given regarding status quo and benefits of CAT-technology under tensile stress conditions whereas examples of testing in a centrifuge under compressive stress conditions are mentioned in the outlook. T2 - The 5th International Conference Competitive Materials and Technology Processes CY - Miskolc-Lillafüred, Hungary DA - 08.10.2018 KW - Centrifugal Adhesion Testing KW - CAT KW - Multiple-sample handling (MSH) KW - Multiple-sample bonding (MSB) KW - Tensile strength of laminates KW - Tensile strength of coatings KW - Adhesive strength KW - Bonding strength PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46336 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kormunda, M. A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Rysanek, P. A1 - Ivanov, L. T1 - Optical and Electrical Properties of reactive/nonreactive Magnetron Deposited SnZnOxCoatings Annealed at Various Temperatures N2 - ZnSnOx coatings were deposited from two 2in magnetron targets made of ZnO and SnO2 connected to DC pulsed and RF power supplies, respectively. The pure Ar and reactive gas mixture Ar/O2 were used. DC pulsed power applied on ZnO target was kept constant 50W 50kHz, 20% d.c. and the RF power applied on SnO2 target was set to values from 0W (pure ZnO deposited) up to 150W (up to 8 at.% of Sn in films). The deposited films were investigated by multiple techniques as deposited at RT as well as after annealing at temperatures 200o C and 450o C. The lower annealing temperature is still compatible with many of common polymeric substrates. The amount of Sn in the films is proportional to applied RF power on SnO2 target. But there is also significant influence of the post Deposition annealing on the film compositions. The ratio Zn/Sn is reduced by the annealing process. Therefore the annealing is promoting the migration of Sn toward the surface and Zn to inside. Moreover the films deposited in oxygen rich reactive gas mixture does not reduces the resistivity with added Sn in contrary to films deposited in Ar where the resistivity was reduced by 5 orders of magnitudes. The plasma parameters were investigated and mean energies of dominant species were in DC pulsed only about 3eV and DC + RF powered plasma up to 15eV. The expected higher energetic particles in the RF influenced plasma deliver an additional energy to the growing film. Therefore, we observed systematic differences between refractive indexes in the films deposited with low RF powered SnO2 magnetron at RT and post-annealed at 200 ° and practically no difference between RT and post-annealed film at higher RF power above 50 W. The XRD results proved the transitions from an amorphous to more crystalline structure by post-annealing of the films. T2 - PSE 2018 - 16th Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 17.09.2018 KW - Reactive sputtering KW - Plasma diagnostics KW - Optical films KW - TCO PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46347 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Saloga, Patrick E. J. T1 - SAXS in Analysis of Ultra-small Size-adjustable Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Controlled Band Gap Engineering N2 - Zinc oxide (ZnO) as a wide-bandgap II-VI semiconductor finds application in areas like optoelectronics, photocatalysis as well as in detection systems. While band-gap engineering in macroscopic ZnO can be performed by alloying, the band-gap of ZnO nanoparticles is also dependent on their size. Since small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provides a much higher resolution in terms of ultra-small nanoparticle size analysis compared to other techniques, it allows for a careful examination of the correlation between particle size and band-gap. We report on the microwave-assisted synthesis of oleate-capped, photoluminescent zinc oxide nanoparticles with adjustable size as dispersions in organic solvents. The spherical particles were obtained by hydrolysis of the metal precursor in presence of a strong base at temperatures above the solvent’s boiling point. Hence, the reaction is dramatically accelerated and within seconds – instead of hours at lower temperatures –, narrowly dispersed particle systems are yielded. The particles’ sizes as derived from SAXS strongly depend on the reaction temperature and time. Choosing the right reaction conditions, the particle size and thus their band gap can be finely tuned. A size increase can be achieved both by increasing the reaction temperature and the reaction time. See Figure 1 for an exemplary comparison of five-minute syntheses at different temperatures. Here, the yielded particles display diameters between 5.0 and 7.6 nm and corresponding band-gaps of 3.32 up to 3.41 eV. The size increase is accompanied by a red-shift of the UV/Vis absorption edges and fluorescence emission. Furthermore, these particles can be transferred into water by coating with polysorbates. T2 - SAS2018 XVII International Small Angle Scattering Conference CY - Traverse City, Michigan, USA DA - 07.10.2018 KW - SAXS KW - Zinc oxide nanoparticles KW - Microwave synthesis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46348 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobol, Oded T1 - Hydrogen assisted cracking phenomena in duplex stainless steels elucidated by in- and ex-situ ToF-SIMS experiments N2 - In the presented research, the high potential and abilities of secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to detect and locally map the hydrogen distribution in two types of duplex stainless steels are shown. The research validates certain proposed mechanisms by combining ToF-SIMS with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and electron-backscattered diffraction. The combination of data from several techniques on the same region was conducted in this field for the first time by applying data treatment of the ToF-SIMS raw data and data fusion approach. This powerful combination of methods allows reviewing of the occurring processes related to hydrogen assisted cracking. The step beyond the state of the art in this field was gained here by developing permeation and mechanical loading experiments within the ToF-SIMS during chemometric imaging of the hydrogen distribution in the microstructure. The research presents the necessary correlation between the hydrogen distribution and the resulted structural changes, the diffusion behavior in a duplex microstructure and stress induced diffusion of hydrogen by applying external load at the microscale. T2 - 6th WMRIF Early Career Scientist Summit CY - NPL Teddington UK DA - 18.06.2018 KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Duplex stainless steel KW - LDX KW - EBSD KW - Data-fusion PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46865 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobol, Oded A1 - Böllinghaus, Thomas T1 - BAM’s role in materials science and hydrogen in metals: TOF-SIMS imaging N2 - Due to its low mass and high diffusivity in presence of compositional, thermal and mechanical gradients, hydrogen within a metallic microstructure can result in severe loss in ductility even at low concentrations and might lead eventually to a catastrophic and unpredictable failure of structural components during service. In this context, hydrogen mapping at the microscale is still considered among the most important challenges on the pathway towards a better understanding of the hydrogen transport and assisted cracking phenomena in metals, specifically in structural components, e.g. steels. Among the very few available techniques to localize hydrogen at the microscale, Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was proven to be a reliable tool. Based on the assumption that deuterium influence the microstructure similarly to hydrogen, in the following contribution ToF-SIMS was applied as the main technique to detect and locally map the deuterium distribution in several alloys: lean 2101 and standard 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS), AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel and titanium 6Al-4V alloy. These alloys were selected as case studies in this work due to the wide use of them in many applications and environments which frequently provide critical conditions for hydrogen absorption and assisted degradation. The innovative design of in-situ and ex-situ experiments enabled us to elucidate the permeation, transport and trapping of deuterium in the microstructure in sub-micron resolution for the first time. In addition to the novel experimental setups, further progress was gained by applying computational multivariate data analysis (MVA) on the raw data and data fusion with high resolution structural characterization methods (scanning electron microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction – SEM/EBSD). This combination allowed us to correlate the deuterium distribution and the influence on the microstructure. T2 - 4th Symposium on Innovative Measurement and Analysis for Structural Materials CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 13.11.2018 KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Duplex stainless steel KW - Austenitic stainless steel KW - Principal Component Analysis KW - Data-fusion PY - 2018 UR - https://unit.aist.go.jp/tia-co/project/SIP-IMASM/sympo/2018/index.html AN - OPUS4-46867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Breitfeld, Steffen A1 - Scholz, Gudrun A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Kemnitz, Erhard T1 - BaF-Coordination polymers: Mechanochemical syntheses of new coordination polymers with a direct Ba-F bond N2 - Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers (CPs) Play an important role in different fields of applications like e.g. catalysis, separations, gas storages, sensors or optoelectronics. Moreover, particularly fluorinated metal-organic frameworks (FMOFs) are in the focus of interest during the last years. Due to the strong electronegativity of fluorine the FMOFs show beside an enhanced thermal stability excellent optical and electrical properties compared to non-fluorinated frameworks. In most cases fluorine is implemented using perfluorinated organic linkers at the synthesis, usually performed by solvothermal synthesis. However, only few examples are known so far where fluorine is coordinated directly to the metal cation. Recently we reported about successful mechanochemical syntheses and characterization of fluorine-containing coordination polymers of alkaline earth metals by milling M(OH)2 (M: Ca, Sr, Ba) with fluorinated benzene dicarboxylic acids. In the present study, it was shown that it is possible to connect fluorine directly to Barium using a mechanochemical synthesis route. A new phase pure barium coordination polymer, BaF-benzene-dicarboxylate (BaF(p-BDC)0.5), was synthesized by milling starting either from barium hydroxide or from barium acetate as sources for barium cations. In both cases the second reactant was 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2(p-BDC)). Ammonium fluoride was used as fluorinating agent directly at milling. Although single crystals are not accessible so far and the structure was not solved yet, both the 19F MAS NMR spectrum and the FT IR spectrum give strong evidence that fluorine as well as 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate are connected to barium. This is the first mechanochemical synthesis of coordination polymers where fluorine is directly coordinated to the metal cation. The new compound BaF(p-BDC)0.5 was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, FT IR- and 19F, 1H-13C CP MAS NMR spectroscopies, DTA-TG and elemental analysis. T2 - Konferenz CY - Oberjoch, Germany DA - 22.07.20108 KW - Mechanochemical syntheses KW - Coordination polymers KW - Direct fluorine-metal bond KW - Alkaline earth metal PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46897 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Mechanistic investigations of mechanosyntheses N2 - Mechanochemistry is a fast and efficient method applicable for the synthesis of new organic, metal-organic, and inorganic compounds. The direct monitoring of milling reactions is still challenging. The underlying reaction mechanisms often remain unclear. In the last years, we have established a tandem in situ approach for investigating mechanochemical reactions using time-resolved in situ XRD coupled with Raman spectroscopy. A further development is the in situ coupling of synchrotron XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and thermography allowing the observation of mechanochemical reactions in real time. [5] Information on the crystalline, molecular, and temperature state of the materials during grinding could be collected. The chemical composition of the reaction mixture was found to be directly correlated with changes in the temperature profile of the reaction. Furthermore, the presented setup allows the detection of crystalline, amorphous, eutectic as well as liquid intermediates. Based on these data, metastable polymorphs of cocrystals and coordination polymorphs could be isolated and struc-turally characterized. A multi-step diffusion mechanism was identified for most systems. Crystalline phases were obtained intermediately, suggesting that the synthesis is following Ostwald’s rules of stages. The resulting deeper kinetic and thermodynamic understanding of milling processes is the key for future optimization of mechanochemical syntheses. T2 - Beilstein Symposium MECHANOCHEMISTRY: MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC ASPECTS CY - Rüdesheim, Germany DA - 13.11.2018 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Phosphonates KW - In situ PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46758 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinrich, Thomas T1 - BAM and Division 6.1 N2 - This is a short overview of BAM and Division 6.1. We have insight into BAM's roles and responsibilities and the work we are doing in Division 6.1. T2 - Visit at CSEM Landquart CY - Landquart, Switzerland DA - 13.08.2018 KW - ToF-SIMS KW - AES KW - XPS KW - SEM PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Broadband dielectric spectroscopy to study soft matter systems N2 - The basics of broadband dielectric spectroscopy were introduced in detail. The analysis of the data was discussed. As application of broadband dielectric spectroscopy the alpha-relaxation (dynamic glass transition) and the chain dynamics of polymers were ilustrated. Further the application of dielectric spectroscopy to polymerbased nanocomposites and high preformance polymers was discussed in detail. T2 - Kolloquiumsvotrag am Karlsruher Instiut of Technology CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 05.12.2018 KW - Broadband dielectric spectroscopy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46910 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - In-situ investigations of mechanochemical reactions N2 - Mechanochemistry is a fast and efficient method applicable for the synthesis of new organic[1], metal-organic[2], and inorganic[3] compounds. The direct monitoring of milling reactions is still challenging. The underlying reaction mechanisms remain often unclear. In the last years, have established a tandem in situ approach for investigating mechanochemical reactions using time-resolved in situ XRD coupled with Raman spectroscopy.[4] Here, we present an in situ coupling of synchrotron XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and thermography allowing the observation of mechanochemical reactions in real time.[5] Information on the crystalline, molecular, and temperature state of the materials during grinding could be collected. The chemical composition of the reaction mixture was found to be directly correlated with changes in the temperature profile of the reaction. Furthermore, the presented setup allows the detection of crystalline, amorphous, eutectic as well as liquid intermediates. The resulting deeper kinetic and thermodynamic understanding of milling processes is the key for future optimization of mechanochemical syntheses. T2 - ACS Conference Boston CY - Boston, USA DA - 19.08.2018 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ KW - Kinetic PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46989 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - New insights in mechanochemical processes using real-time in situ investigations N2 - Mechanochemistry is increasingly used for synthesizing various materials including metal organic compounds and cocrystals. Although this synthesis approach offers a fast and pure synthesis in high yields, there is a lack in understanding the mechanisms of milling reactions. The necessary data can only be obtained in in situ experiments, which were only recently established for milling reactions. Herein, we present a novel setup enabling a combined in situ investigation of mechanochemical reactions using synchrotron XRD and Raman spectroscopy. T2 - ECM31 CY - Oviedo, Spain DA - 18.08.2018 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - In situ investigations of mechanochemical reactions N2 - Presentation of the recent results in the context of in situ investigations of reactions using X-ray diffraction. T2 - Germany Brazil Workshop: New light on mechanisms of chemical reactions CY - Kiel, Germany DA - 31.07.2018 KW - In situ KW - XRD PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Kjaervik, Marit T1 - New work item proposal for a technical report for ISO/TC 201 WG 4 “Surface characterization of biomaterials”: Surface chemical analysis – Surface chemical analysis of cells and biofilms N2 - The proposed ISO Technical Report provides a description of a variety of physical methods of analytical chemistry by which bacteria and biofilms can be analysed. The state of the art, sample requirements and strengths associated with each method are identified. T2 - 27th Plenary Meeting of ISO/TC 201 CY - Cancun, Mexico DA - 2018-09-20 KW - Surface chemical analysis of biofilms KW - XPS KW - Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy KW - 3D nano SIMS KW - Raman-spectroscopy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46214 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kjaervik, Marit A1 - Dietrich, P. A1 - Thissen, A. A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Investigations of biofilms in various conditions by near-ambient pressure XPS N2 - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides elemental and chemical information from the outermost ~10 nm of the sample surface. This is in the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the outer bacterial membrane of gram-negative bacteria, as well as outer membrane molecules as exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides, commonly attached to the cell surface. With the development of near-ambient pressure (NAP)-XPS, bacteria can be analysed with minimal sample preparation. EnviroESCA is a laboratory based NAP-XPS instrument, equipped with a monochromated Al Kα radiation source and a differentially pumped energy analyser connected to an exchangeable sample environment. It allows for measurements in various gas-atmospheres, including water vapor, which makes it possible to characterise bacteria and other biological samples close to their natural, hydrated state. Artificial model-biofilms of exopolysaccharides, planktonic Pseudomonas Fluorescens and biofilms of Escherichia Coli have been characterised in hydrated and dried state. High-resolution XPS-spectra from carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous can be assigned to carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in general agreement with literature. Especially the carbon 1s peak is of interest. A series of measurements of an E. coli biofilm from 11 mbar in humid environment to 1 mbar air reveal changes in the C1s peak, which suggests that the bacterial surface undergo substantial Change. T2 - BAM PhD-retreat CY - Warnemünde, Germany DA - 28.09.2018 KW - Biofilms KW - E. coli KW - NAP-XPS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46132 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Saleh, Maysoon I. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Investigation of core-shell nanoparticles using a combination of scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) N2 - Products containing engineered nanoparticles already encounter us in most areas of our daily life including cosmetics, clothing, detergents, paints, batteries and displays. In most cases the particles exhibit a core-shell morphology either voluntarily or involuntarily. The properties of the nanoparticle shell determine the interaction with their environment and, thus, reliable control over these properties means reliable control over the particles performance and their toxicity. Therefore, sophisticated techniques to measure thickness and elemental composition of the nanoparticle shell are urgently required. Scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) is a powerful technique with a lateral resolution below 10 nm and a chemical contrast based on the characteristic kinetic energy of Auger electrons related to specific atomic levels and, thus, to a specific element. This work explores the potential of SAM for characterizing the core-shell structure of nanoparticles. A sample system of upconversion NaYF4:Yb,Er cores coated with SiO2 is investigated. Auger spectra, line scans and elemental maps of single nanoparticles will be presented. Challenges encountered will be highlighted, such as damage to the sample by electron beam irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are performed on the same samples, in order to verify the SAM results. T2 - BAM PhD Retreat CY - Warnemünde, Germany DA - 28.09.2018 KW - Core-shell nanoparticles KW - SAM KW - SEM KW - Surface analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cant, D. A1 - Shard, A. A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Clifford, C. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface chemical analysis – Electron spectroscopies – Measurement of the thickness and nature of nanoparticle coatings N2 - Recent years have seen increasing development of nanoparticles for applications in a wide range of fields, including but not limited to areas of great impact such as catalysis, medicine, energy, optoelectronics, cosmetics, and many others. In particular, nanoparticles bearing some form of coating layer, whether by design or due to incidental processes such as contamination or oxidation, are among the most commonly studied and utilised. In the characterisation of nanoparticles, the surface properties are of great importance, because a large proportion of the particle forms a part of the surface or interface. In the case of coated nanoparticles, the thickness of the coating is significant in determining the properties of the nanoparticle, and defines its interactions with its environment. Measurement of surface chemistry and coating thickness of nanoparticles is a challenge to which electron spectroscopies are well suited, due to high surface sensitivity, well-understood physical principles and accessibility. T2 - Annual Meeting of ISO/TC 201/SC7 CY - Cancun, Mexico DA - 21.09.2018 KW - Nanoparticle characterization KW - X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) KW - Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) KW - Core-shell nanoparticles PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46259 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Haferkamp, Sebastian A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Mechanochemie N2 - In 3 Minuten sollte das Thema der Dissertation ohne zusätzliche Materialien vorgestellt werden. T2 - FameLab Germany 2018 CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 15.03.2018 KW - Mechanochemie PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46319 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinrich, Thomas A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Chemical characterisation of (core-shell) nanoparticles using PCA assisted ToF-SIMS and XPS N2 - The analysis of nanomaterials is currently an important task - especially in case of risk assessment – as the properties of these material class are not well understood. The rather high surface area of these objects renders their interactions significantly different to their corresponding bulk. Thus, the surface’s chemical composition must be investigated to get a better understanding and prediction of the nanomaterials’ behavior. ToF-SIMS and XPS have proven to be powerful tools to determine the general chemical composition. The superior surface sensitivity of ToF-SIMS furthermore allows us to study mainly the utmost atomic layers and thus gives us an idea of the interactions involved. Here, we present initial data on the analysis of Hyflon®-polystyrene core-shell nanoparticles which can be used as a model system due to the known preparation and a rather good chemical as well as physical separation of core and shell. Furthermore, results on Au nanoparticles with and without an antibody shell are presented. Principle component analysis (PCA) will be used to detect the influence of sample preparation and for a better separation of different samples. ToF-SIMS imaging is desired to be implemented for single particle detection as well. T2 - 3rd NanoSafety Forum for Young Scientists CY - Valetta, Malta DA - 08.09.2018 KW - Nanoparticles KW - ToF-SIMS KW - XPS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46248 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinrich, Thomas A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Schneider, Markus A1 - Sparnacci, Katja A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Chemical characterisation and classification of (Core-Shell) nanoparticles using PCA assisted ToF-SIMS N2 - The analysis of nanomaterials is currently an important task - especially in case of risk assessment – as the properties of these material class are not well understood and their growing use in everyday life. The rather high surface area of these objects renders their interactions significantly different to their corresponding bulk. Thus, the surface’s chemical composition must be investigated to get a better understanding and prediction of the nanomaterials’ behaviour. ToF-SIMS and XPS have proven to be powerful tools to determine the general chemical composition. The superior surface sensitivity of ToF-SIMS furthermore allows us to study mainly the utmost atomic layers and thus gives us an idea of possible interactions involved. Supported by multivariate data analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA), the method can also be used for sub-classification of different materials using slight differences in surface chemistry. Here, we present data of the analysis of Hyflon®-polystyrene core-shell nanoparticles which can be used as a model system due to the known preparation and a rather good chemical as well as physical separation of core and shell. Principle component analysis (PCA) will be used to detect the influence of sample preparation and for a better separation of different samples. This is achieved by measurement of a statistically relevant set of samples for every particle sample. We acquired surface spectra under static SIMS conditions with Bi32+ and analysed the resulting spectra by PCA. The carefully selected and refined peaks allow a reasonable categorization and further a reliable allocation of blank feeds. In detail, the fluorine containing, organic fragments are an indication for a heterogeneous shell that has errors. Furthermore, results on Au nanoparticles with and without an antibody shell are presented. ToF-SIMS imaging is desired to be implemented for single particle detection as well. T2 - SIMS-Europe CY - Münster, Germany DA - 16.09.2018 KW - Nanoparticles KW - ToF-SIMS KW - XPS KW - PCA KW - Titania KW - Core-Shell PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46249 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Overview on the most advanced and suitable NanoDefine measurement methods N2 - The EC Recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial, based solely on size of the constituent particles, foresees development of harmonised measurement methods ensuring ‘consistent results across materials and over time’. The EU/FP7 research project NanoDefine has been exclusively dedicated to support the implementation of this EC Recommendation for the European Union’s legislation. For the first time, measurement techniques able to determine the size of nanoparticles have been evaluated systematically on a well-defined set of quality control materials (spherical, monodisperse) as well as industrial materials of complex shapes and considerable polydispersity. Particularly based on the analytical performance of the measurement techniques as tested on the challenging real-world particulate materials, it was possible to formulate recommendations for use of a new tiered approach consisting of screening and confirmatory techniques. Thus, a consistent framework of guidance for nanomaterial identification according to the EC Definition has been issued in form of the NanoDefiner e-tool, with a transparent decision flow scheme and an extensive user manual. Selected examples of analysis and classification as nano-/non-nanomaterials will be given, highlighting the limits of applicability of the available measurement techniques in dependence on sample properties. On some recent relevant developments in sample preparation – as a crucial part for an accurate analysis - will be also reported. T2 - VCI-NanoDefine Follow-up Meeting CY - VCI, Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 25.09.2018 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Nanomaterial KW - EC definition of nanomaterial KW - Nanoparticle size distribution PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46251 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - EMPIR nPSize - improved traceability chain of nanoparticle size measurements - Is a liaison to CEN/TC 352 nanotechnologies useful? N2 - The main objectives of the new EMPIR project nPSize are to establish EU capability of traceable measurement of NP size and shape, lower uncertainties of NP size measurement by developement of new nano-CRMs, new models (physical and machine learning), 3D method combination, and also by new ISO and CEN standards on accurate NP size measurement and guidance and knowledge transfer. The envisaged outcomes of the project will be presented and their suitability will be discussed to be taken over as pertinent contributions to normative projects within CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnologies. T2 - Joint Working Groups and 24th CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnologies Meetings CY - DIN, Berlin, Germany DA - 09.10.2018 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Size KW - Particle size distribution KW - Particle shape KW - Traceability KW - Standardisation KW - CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnologies PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46252 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Thin polymer films as model systems for polymer nanocomposites N2 - Polymers at interfaces play a major role in a broad variety of applications ranging from engineering purposes (for instance polymer based nanocomposites) to high tech implications (for instance light emitting diodes). Here, thin films with thicknesses down to few nanometers are prepared on different substrates as model systems for polymer composites. The thin films are investigated by a combination of surface analytical and volume sensitive methods. As surface analytical methods atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements (CAM) are employed. As volume sensitive broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), specific heat spectroscopy (SHS), and ellipsometry are used. Especially attention is paid to understand the glass transition behavior of thin films because the glass transition is the key phenomenon determines the application of polymers also in thin films. To understand the glass transition behavior of thin films, which is controversially discussed in literature, a three layer model is discussed. Firstly, a mobile surface layer is assumed at polymer air interface of the film due to missing of segment/segment interactions. Secondly, in the middle of the film a bulk-like layer should be expected. Thirdly, for polymers having non-repulsive interactions with the substrate an irreversibly adsorbed layer is expected to be formed. Due the adsorption the molecular mobility of the segments in this layer is slowed down. What is measured for the glass transition of thin films is a complicated average of all of these effects. The different layers are hardly to address separately. Therefore, in the presentation especially model systems are selected and investigated to verify the layer model. T2 - Kolloquiumsvortrag and der Universität des Saarlandes CY - Saarbrücken, Gemany DA - 20.11.2018 KW - Thin polymer films PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46692 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sachse, René A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Krähnert, R. T1 - Multi-method analysis of pore-controlled mesoporous oxide materials N2 - Determining the porosity of catalytic layers is crucial for quality assurance. We present results of a multi-method study to determine thickness, porosity, dielectric function and other properties of pure and mixed iridium and titanium oxide layers used in electrocatalytic water splitting. T2 - European Optical Society Biennial Meeting (EOSAM) 2018 CY - Delft, The Netherlands DA - 08.10.2018 KW - Multi-method analysis KW - Mesoporous oxide materials KW - Electro catalytic water splitting KW - Electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) KW - Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) KW - Optical porosimetry PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46740 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hertwig, Andreas T1 - Multi-methods surface analysis involving spectroscopic ellipsometry: New measurements for optical and energy applications N2 - Surface analysis is still gaining importance, as most modern technology is in essence surface and thin film technology. In microelectronics and optics but also in many fields of energy storage and conversion, thin surface layers or structured surfaces are key components. Optical surface measurements are useful because of their reliability, robustness, and scalability – properties, which are especially desirable in a production environment. However, many of these methods take require considerable effort in data analysis. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is maybe the prime example of this class of methods. To combine the advantages of SE with metrological trueness and traceability, we combine it in a group of other methods, such as electron microscopy, instrumental surface analysis, X-ray diffraction. This presentation will give an overview on the principles of SE, its available quantities and the general properties of this measurement technique. Several examples from current and past projects of BAM-6.7 will show how a measurement community involving ellipsometry can benefit many fields of interest, from polymer science to energy applications. In the context of creating a “measurement landscape”, standardisation and standard compliance play an important role. The efforts of BAM in standardisation and accrediting of ellipsometry will be shown demonstrating the possible impact on quality assurance in different fields of technology. T2 - Abteilungskolloquium 2018, BAM CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 12.12.2018 KW - Spectroscopic ellipsometry KW - Surface analysis KW - Thin film technology KW - Reference materials PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane A1 - Nützmann, Kathrin A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Menneken, Martina A1 - Falk, Florian T1 - High temperature oxidation/sulfidation meets X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) N2 - Ferritic-martensitic alloys with 12-16 % Cr in weight are subject to devices for various energy systems, such as coal power plants and waste incineration plants. These materials are exposed to a highly corrosive environment which lead to a degradation of the material. Especially the simultaneous oxidation and sulfidation is thereby of special interest. Proper spatially resolved measurements that determine not only chemical compositions but phases are rare. However, precise phase identification and quantification of corrosion products within the multi-phase corrosion scales is a key aspect to understand diffusion paths of metal ions and gas ions/molecules. This study investigated Fe-Cr model alloys with Cr contents from 0 to 13 % in weight in 0.5 % SO2 and 99.5 % Ar atmosphere to aim in a fundamental and systematic analysis. Samples were aged at 650 °C for time scales from 12 h to 250 h. The results presented here correspond to depth dependent phase identification of oxide and sulphide phases in the corrosion scales by using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Per sample a series of ca. 20 spots (1-5 µm spot size) from scale-gas to scale-metal interface were measured. XANES spectroscopy was performed at the Fe-K edge (7.11 keV) on polished cross sections. The collected spectra were fitted to a combination of reference materials to quantify the present phases at different positions within the scale.The phase distribution differs with Cr content and the Cr diffusion through pure Fe-oxide and mixed Fe-Cr-oxide phases is discussed. T2 - EFC Workshop "High Temperature Corrosion" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 26.09.2018 KW - High temperature corrosion KW - XANES PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47277 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Goedecke, Caroline A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Detektion von Kunststoffen mittels TED-GC-MS N2 - Vortrag zur Funktionsweise der TED-GC-MS für die Analyse von Mikroplastik in Umweltproben T2 - Arbeitsgespräch der Ressortforschungseinrichtungen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.11.2018 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC-MS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47184 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Villajos Collado, José Antonio A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Thiel, Erik A1 - Altenburg, Simon T1 - Already producing or still assembling? – Perspectives towards modular production and quality control in a digitized process industry N2 - The CLEAN ENERGY Flagship is an initiative designed to utilize recent game changing developments in digital, materials and manufacturing technologies to catalyze a radical paradigm shift towards clean, reliable, efficient and cost-optimal energy. Unifying and drastically accelerating radically new energy material design, processing and integration across the entire value chain addressing energy production, conversion, storage and systems. CLEAN ENERGY participants are all distinguished research organisations that each benefit from their own industry networks and contacts with regions and state-level activities and have a long history of collaborating with each other (for 10 years now under the umbrella of EERA) within a European collaborative framework. Through EERA, CLEAN ENERGY aims to become a crucial partner in the SET-Plan, supporting long-lasting approaches through its established networks and internal collaborations. T2 - Clean Energy Workshop on Autonomous Materials Development Platforms CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 02.10.2018 KW - Digitization KW - Energy production KW - Energy storage KW - Energy systems KW - Clean energy technology PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46135 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Progress Talk 3 / Non-destructive depth profiling of core-shell nanoparticles by ER-XPS N2 - This presentation deals with the progress between month twenty and twenty-nine of my PhD thesis. I prepared it, in order to update my supervisor Prof. Kemnitz and my colleagues from the department of chemistry at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HU). T2 - Working Group Meeting of Prof. Erhard Kemnitz CY - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HU), Germany DA - 20.11.2018 KW - ER-XPS KW - Synchrotron KW - Core-shell nanoparticles KW - Depth-profiling PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46676 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Chapartegui, Ander A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Metal-Organic Frameworks as turn on fluorescent optical sensors against endocrine disrupting phthalate plasticizers N2 - The development of quick and simple optical sensing technologies for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) is needed to facilitate monitoring of these substances to ensure consumer safety. Optical sensing was achieved against phthalates acting as EDC that have host guest interaction with an intercalated Metal-organic framework (MOF), resulting in a fluorescence emission upon excitation. The fluorescent turn-on signal was generated by using a fluorophore with a structural component that has little fluorescence unless excimers are formed. Strategies to engineer functional MOF structures suitable for sensing EDC phthalates were developed, and the characterization of the MOFs with and without present phthalates was done by single crystal XRD, PXRD, RAMAN and Thermogravimetry. Extensive photo-physical characterization of host-guest complexes of different phthalates and the MOF as well as the resulting exciplex fluorescence was performed. Photo physical characterization revealed an analyte specific fluorescence fingerprint that allows discerning even minute changes in chemical structures of the analyte and therefore paving the way for sensing tools in real world analytical applications. The presented capability of MOFs to sense EDCs is envisioned to complement established methods from analytical chemistry such as mass spectrometry based methods which can’t be used on site and are often associated with infrastructural capacity constraints T2 - EURoptrode CY - Naples, Italy DA - 25.03.2018 KW - MOF KW - Short chained Phthalates PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46890 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - XPS at BAM - Some insights into our activities N2 - Some examples will be given showing the application of XPS in different fields, like polymers, nanoparticles, solar cells and inorganic thin films. T2 - Besuch beim GFZ Potsdam CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 18.05.2018 KW - XPS KW - Surface analytics KW - Nanoparticles KW - Polymers KW - Solar cells PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44981 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Polymerwissenschaften@BAM - Sicherheit macht Märkte N2 - Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) ist eine Ressortforschungseinrichtung, die zum Schutz von Mensch, Umwelt und Sachgüter, forscht, prüft und berät. Im Fokus aller Tätigkeiten in der Materialwissenschaft, der Werkstofftechnik und der Chemie steht dabei die technische Sicherheit von Produkten und Prozessen. Dazu werden Substanzen, Werkstoffe, Bauteile, Komponenten und Anlagen sowie natürliche und technische Systeme erforscht und auf sicheren Umgang oder Betrieb geprüft und bewertet. Schwerpunkt des Vortrages sind multimodale Polymeranalytik, nanoskalige Sensormaterialien und die Charakterisierung von technischen Eigenschaften von Polymeren sowie ihre Alterung und Umweltrelevanz. T2 - Institutsvortrag CY - Fraunhofer IAP, Potsdam, Germany DA - 18.05.2018 KW - Polymerwissenschaften PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45243 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Crasselt, Claudia A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Influence of rheology modifying admixtures on hydration of cementitious suspensions N2 - The state of fresh concrete is predominantly determined by the rheological properties of the cement paste. In order to control performance spectra and requirements of novel concretes and to better understand macroscopic phenomena, comprehensive knowledge of the material behavior of fresh cement suspensions as well as of the complex relationships of mechanisms at the nano and micro scale are necessary. This work focuses on micro and nano rheology of suspensions of cementitious model systems and the influence of polycarboxylate-based admixtures on the rheology. The phenomena are driven by multiple parameters such as adsorption and particle interactions. Hence, the first part examines the interaction between polycarboxylate ether (PCE) and synthesized clinker phases and hydration products as model systems with regard to early hydration products. T2 - 6th International Symposium on Nanotechnology in Construction CY - Hong Kong, China DA - 02.12.2018 KW - Cement KW - Early hydration KW - Polycarboxylate ether (PCE), PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46980 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Separation of polystyrene nanoparticles with different coatings using 2D off-line coupling of asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) N2 - Nowadays, different nanoparticles have been developed for commercial applications. However, since data on toxicity are barely available, their increasing application in cosmetic products, food and their release in the environment might cause severe problems. An accurate separation, identification and characterization of nanoparticles becomes increasingly important1,2. In this presentation, a two-dimensional separation approach based on AF4 and CE was showed and used to separate NPs with similar sizes but different coatings. Standard reference polystyrene NPs having comparable core sizes but different coatings were investigated. Different migration time and profiles were compared. Separation in either method resulted in non-baseline resolved or non-separated peaks. In contrast, two-dimensional coupling of AF4 and CE resulted in clearly separated regions in their 2 D plots in case of 20 and 50 nm particle mixtures, whereas the 100 nm NP mixture could not be separated. Various factors affecting the separation like hydrodynamic diameter or SDS concentration were discussed. Future investigations will be focussed on inorganic NPs with differently charged coatings. There, AF4-CE coupling can be coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to enhance the sensitivity of this method. T2 - 6th FFF-MS Tagung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.11.2018 KW - Nanoparticles separation capillary electrophoresis asymmetrcial flow field flow fractionation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47191 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Nanoparticles separation using capillary electrophoresis N2 - Nowadays, different nanoparticles have been developed for commercial applications. However, since data on toxicity are barely available, their increasing application in cosmetic products, food and their release in the environment might cause severe problems. An accurate separation, identification and characterization of nanoparticles becomes increasingly important. A common method for nanoparticle separation, which was introduced in 1976 by Giddings, represents asymmetrical field-flow fractionation (AF4). It is a flow based separation method, which can be theoretically used to separate particles range from 1 nm to 50 µm. However, when the particles are smaller than 10 nm, separation with AF4 will become difficult to perform. Because in this case strong separation force, which induces aggregation of particles, should be applied. This will decrease recoveries of analytes and limit its application in accurate quantitative analysis. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is another well-developed separation technique, in which samples will be separated in relation to their electrophoretic mobility. In recent years, CE has been used to separate different kinds of nanoparticles like, gold colloids or CdSe Quantum dots. However, till now only separation of particles smaller than 50 nm was reported. Because large size distribution of bigger particles will result in strong peak broadening and long separation time. A two-dimensional coupling of AF4 and CE might provide us a new separation method, which can extend the separation ranges of both methods and be a way to characterise particles with large size distributions. T2 - ESAS-CANAS Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.03.2018 KW - Nanoparticles separation capillary electrophoresis asymmetrcial flow field flow fractionation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47188 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Nanoparticles separation using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and asymmerical flow-field flow fractionation (AF4) N2 - Nowadays, different nanoparticles have been developed for commercial applications. However, since data on toxicity are barely available, their increasing application in cosmetic products, food and their release in the environment might cause severe problems. An accurate separation, identification and characterization of nanoparticles becomes increasingly important. A common method for nanoparticle separation, which was introduced in 1976 by Giddings, represents asymmetrical field-flow fractionation (AF4). It is a flow based separation method, which can be theoretically used to separate particles range from 1 nm to 50 µm. However, when the particles are smaller than 10 nm, separation with AF4 will become difficult to perform. Because in this case strong separation force, which induces aggregation of particles, should be applied. This will decrease recoveries of analytes and limit its application in accurate quantitative analysis. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is another well-developed separation technique, in which samples will be separated in relation to their electrophoretic mobility. In recent years, CE has been used to separate different kinds of nanoparticles like, gold colloids or CdSe Quantum dots. However, till now only separation of particles smaller than 50 nm was reported. Because large size distribution of bigger particles will result in strong peak broadening and long separation time. A two-dimensional coupling of AF4 and CE might provide us a new separation method, which can extend the separation ranges of both methods and be a way to characterise particles with large size distributions. T2 - BAM PhD seminar CY - PhD seminar, Berlin, Germany DA - 22.06.2018 KW - Nanoparticles separation capillary electrophoresis asymmetrcial flow field flow fractionation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47187 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stajanca, Pavol A1 - Topolniak, Ievgeniia A1 - Pötschke, Samuel A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Solution doping of commercial plastic optical fibers N2 - Solution doping of off-the-shelf plastic optical fibers (POFs) represents rather simple and cheap way for preparing custom cladding-doped POFs (CD-POFs) with short to medium lengths. CD-POFs are especially attractive for environmental sensing applications, but might be of interest for illumination task as well. In this work, the proposed doping technique is tested with three different commercial low-cost polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) POFs; Eska CK-40 and Eska GK-40 from Mitsubishi Rayon and Raytela PGU-FB1000 from Toray. The aim of the work is to aid the selection of the most suitable fiber yielding highest optical quality of prepared CD-POFs. Firstly, the optimal doping times are determined for the individual fiber types using short fiber samples. Secondly, longer 10 m CD-POFs are prepared from all tested fibers using the optimized doping procedure. Finally, attenuation of pristine POFs and prepared CD-POFs is measured using optical time domain reflectometry in order to characterize the impacts of the doping on fiber optical properties. In addition, the importance of post-doping drying procedure for CD-POF optical performance is investigated as well. The results suggest that, although doping of all tested fibers is generally feasible, Eska CK-40 is the most suitable candidate with regard to the doping efficiency and fiber post-doping performance. T2 - SPIE Photonics Europe 2018 CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 22.04.2018 KW - Plastic optical fibers KW - Solution doping KW - Polymethyl methacrylate KW - PMMA KW - Rhodamine B KW - Fluorescent optical fibers KW - Cladding-doped fibers PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44908 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Development of a standard procedure for the irradiation of biomolecules N2 - The damage caused by ionizing radiation to DNA and proteins is the reason to treat cancer by radiation therapy. A better understanding of the molecular processes and quantification of the different damaging mechanisms is the prerequisite to develop more efficient therapies. Hereby the understanding of the processes involved in the damage to DNA are of key interest due to its central role in reproduction and mutation. For radiation with low linear energy transfer (LET), most of the damage is caused by the secondary particles produced by scattering of the ionizing radiation with water. Thereby a multitude of species are produced, whereby especially kinetic low energy electrons, prehydrated electrons, OH-radicals and ions are of importance. With higher LET the relative amount of the direct damaging effects increases. This is especially important considering the increased usage of high LET nucleons in radiation therapy. Therefore, the quantification of the contribution to DNA damage of direct and indirect effects and the different secondary species is of high interest due to the increase of radio biological efficiency when applying high LET radiation. Here we present an approach to investigate the relative contributions to DNA strand break yield for radiation of different LET within a single electron microscope in combination with electron scattering simulations. T2 - IRPA 2018 CY - Havanna, Cuba DA - 16.04.2018 KW - DNA KW - Radiation damage KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Linear energy transfer KW - IRPA KW - LET KW - Electrons KW - SEM KW - Cancer therapy KW - OH radicals KW - LEE KW - Geant4 PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44821 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Solomun, Tihomir A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - DNA strand break yields by OH-radicals, low energy electrons and prehydrated electrons N2 - Universität Berlin Radiation damage to biomolecules such as DNA, is the reason to treat cancer via radiation therapy. The understanding of the molecular processes and the quantification of the underlying damaging mechanisms is necessary to develope more efficient irradiation protocols for cancer therapy. Thereby damage to DNA is of key interest due to its central role in reproduction and mutation. Due to the high amount of water in biological tissue, most of the damage is caused by the secondary particles which are produced by the interaction of ionizing radiation with water. Thereby a multitude of species are produced, e.g. kinetic low energy electrons, prehydrated electrons, OH-radicals and ions. The quantification of the contribution to DNA damage by the various species is of interest. Here we present an experimental approach to disentangle their relative DNA strand break yields. Plasmid DNA (pUC19 ) is irradiated in water with electrons under the presence of different scavengers. The presented preliminary results reveal the relative contributions of OH-radicals, low energy electrons and prehydrated electrons and their DNA single and double strand break yields. T2 - DPG-Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Kondensierte Materie gemeinsam mit der EPS CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.03.2018 KW - DNA KW - Radiation damage KW - Dosimetry KW - Low energy electrons KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - Geant4 KW - Prehydrated electrons KW - Scavenger KW - Radiation damage to DNA KW - Plasmid DNA KW - Strand breaks KW - Double strand breaks KW - Single strand breaks PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44566 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Quantifizierung der Schädigung von DNA in wässriger Lösung unter direkter Elektronenbestrahlung N2 - To cure cancer radiation therapy is used to kill tumor cells. It is based on radiation induced damage to biomolecules. Especially DNA damage is of key interest due to its central role in apoptosis and mutation. Because of the high amount of water in biological tissue, most of the damage is caused by the secondary particles produced by the inelastic scattering of ionizing radiation and water. A detailed understanding of the underlying molecular processes under physiological conditions is the prerequisite to develop more efficient therapies. Goal of this work is to quantify the DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation in dependence of the inelastic scattering events and the energy deposit within the microscopic target volume of biological relevance. The irradiations have to be performed in liquid, under consideration of the chemical environment. Therefore, a new combination of experiment and Monte-Carlo simulations was developed and tested. To make it possible to irradiate liquids with electrons within scanning electron microscopes a new sample holder was constructed incorporating an electron transparent nanomembrane. It makes it possible to irradiate DNA, proteins or cells at different pH, salinity and in the presence of cosolutes. %The most important results of this work are as follows: The median lethal dose for a model system of plasmid DNA and water was determined by the combination of experimental data, particle scattering simulations (Geant4-DNA) and diffusion calculations as D0.5=(1.7+-0.3) Gy. From the convolution of plasmid positions and the spatially resolved energy deposit, as determined by electron scattering simulations, the histogram of the energy deposit within the target volume of the plasmids and the microscopic median lethal energy deposit was calculated as E0.5=6+-4eV. It could be deduced that on average less than two ionization events are sufficient to cause a single-strand-break. The relation of single-strand-breaks (SSB) to double-strand-breaks (DSB), which is of importance for microdosimetric modeling, was determined as SSB:DSB = 12:1. The presented method for the determination of microscopic dose-damage relations was further extended to be applicable for general irradiation experiments. It becomes independent of the type of primary radiation used, the experimental geometry, and the diffusional properties of the molecules under investigation. This way different experimental systems with varying, inhomogeneous energy deposit characteristics become comparable with each other, which is not possible when only macroscopic averaged values are taken into account. In addition, the radiation protection properties of the compatible solute ectoine, as well as its influence on the water properties and biomolecules were investigated. %In addition, the influence of the compatible solute ectoine on water, biomolecules and its radiation protection properties were investigated. Raman spectroscopy revealed a concentration dependent increase of the collective water modes in the OH-stretching region, which was found to be independent of the sodium chloride concentration. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the zwitterionic properties of ectoine lead to its half-chair conformation. The hydrogen bonds in the first hydration shell are more stable and have an increased lifetime compared to the bulk water. Irradiation experiments with DNA in the presence of 1M ectoine revealed an increase of the survival rate by a factor of 1.41 as compared to the absence of ectoine. The protective properties of ectoine result from the increase of the inelastic scattering probabilities of low energy electrons at the acoustic vibrational modes of water and its properties as OH-radical scavenger. This was shown by Raman spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements (EPR). T2 - Vortrag CY - Freie Universität Berlin, Germany DA - 14.02.2018 KW - DNA KW - Radiation damage KW - Ionizing radiation KW - DNA strand break KW - Dosimetry KW - Microdosimetry KW - Ectoine KW - Ectoine radiation protection KW - Salt KW - Water PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44280 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Photoelectron spectroscopy N2 - A short introduction into the basics of Photoelectron Spectroscopy with the focus on surface sensitivity and applications is presented. T2 - Industrietreffen im Forschungs- und Innovationszentrum (FIZ) der BMW Group CY - Munich, Germany DA - 09.01.2018 KW - XPS KW - ESCA KW - Surface analytics PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43737 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Solomun, Tihomir T1 - Bestimmung des mikroskopischen Energiedeposits an DNA in komplexen Geometrien N2 - Mikrodosimetrie zum Einsatz in der Charakterisierung von per 3D Druck erstellen medizinischen Röntgenphantomen. T2 - Charite PhantomX CY - Charite Campus Berlin, Germany DA - 21.03.2018 KW - Dosimetrie KW - Phantome KW - Strahlentherapie KW - Computertomographie KW - Medizintechnik KW - Geant4 KW - Monte-Carlo Simulationen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44564 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Von Ägypten bis Hiddensee – Analyse von Gold mit Synchrotronstrahlung - Update 2018 N2 - Gold ist eines der sieben schon im Altertum bekannten Metalle und wurde wg. seines Glanzes und seiner Seltenheit von alters her als Tauschmittel und zur Herstellung von Schmuck benutzt. Außerdem ist es einfach bearbeitbar und weitestgehend gegen chemische Einflüsse resistent. Die Untersuchungen von Gold mit synchrotronstrahlungsangeregter Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse sind zerstörungsfrei und geben Auskunft über die in der untersuchten Probe vorhandenen chemischen Elemente. Bei den hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen an der BAMline stehen Fragestellungen wie Herkunft, Herstellungsverfahren und Zusammengehörigkeit von Goldfunden im Vordergrund. Die verschiedenen Fragestellungen werden an einer Reihe von Beispielen erläutert die vom Wikingerschatz aus Hiddensee über die Himmelsscheibe von Nebra bis hin zu Funden aus Ägypten langen. Zusätzlich werden die modernen Messmethoden vorgestellt, die am Synchrotron heutzutage zur Verfügung stehen. T2 - Vorlesung FU Berlin Einführung in die Archäometrie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.11.2018 KW - Gold KW - Synchrotron KW - XRF KW - BAMline PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46451 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -