TY - CONF A1 - Sachse, René A1 - Bernsmeier, Denis A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Kraehnert, Ralph T1 - Spectroscopic ellipsometry for the determination of thickness and porosity of mesoporous metal oxide films N2 - Thin mesoporous metal oxide films are versatile and attractive candidates for several energy applications like photovoltaics, electrolysis or batteries. Due to their high surface area and ordered pore structure, mesoporous metal oxides demonstrate higher activities. The performance of the porous films is affected by properties like size and shape of the mesopores as well as the crystallinity of the framework. The exact determination and metrological evaluation of the complex morphology of thin mesoporous films requires a new analytical approach employing to combined data of different analytical methods. In this contribution we present a novel evaluation procedure for spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) to analyse thin mesoporous iridium oxide films. Mesoporous iridium oxide films were prepared via dip-coating of a solution containing a triblock-copolymer as structure directing agent and an iridium precursor in ethanol. Deposited films were calcined in air at temperatures between 300 and 600 °C. Their morphology was studied with SEM and an electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and correlated via SE with a Bruggeman effective medium approximation (BEMA). The developed SE model described the film thickness as well as the porosity. ... The contribution will assess in detail the novel approach to analyse the morphology and porosity of thin metal oxide films with spectroscopic ellipsometry. Moreover, the advantages of the new developed approach will be discussed as well as combination of datasets from multiple measurements to development new methods for innovative energy technologies. T2 - 30. Deutsche Zeolith-Tagung gemeinsam mit dem Jahrestreffen der ProcessNet-Fachgruppe Adsorption CY - Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany DA - 28.02.2018 KW - Mesoporous materials KW - Iridium oxide films KW - Electro catalyst KW - Spectroscopic ellipsometry KW - Thin film metrology KW - Multi-sample analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45134 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hertwig, Andreas T1 - Multi-methods surface analysis involving spectroscopic ellipsometry: New measurements for optical and energy applications N2 - Surface analysis is still gaining importance, as most modern technology is in essence surface and thin film technology. In microelectronics and optics but also in many fields of energy storage and conversion, thin surface layers or structured surfaces are key components. Optical surface measurements are useful because of their reliability, robustness, and scalability – properties, which are especially desirable in a production environment. However, many of these methods take require considerable effort in data analysis. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is maybe the prime example of this class of methods. To combine the advantages of SE with metrological trueness and traceability, we combine it in a group of other methods, such as electron microscopy, instrumental surface analysis, X-ray diffraction. This presentation will give an overview on the principles of SE, its available quantities and the general properties of this measurement technique. Several examples from current and past projects of BAM-6.7 will show how a measurement community involving ellipsometry can benefit many fields of interest, from polymer science to energy applications. In the context of creating a “measurement landscape”, standardisation and standard compliance play an important role. The efforts of BAM in standardisation and accrediting of ellipsometry will be shown demonstrating the possible impact on quality assurance in different fields of technology. T2 - Abteilungskolloquium 2018, BAM CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 12.12.2018 KW - Spectroscopic ellipsometry KW - Surface analysis KW - Thin film technology KW - Reference materials PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Madkour, Sherif A1 - Gawek, Marcel A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Hertwig, Andreas T1 - Growth kinetics and molecular mobility of irreversibly adsorbed layers in thin polymer films N2 - In well-annealed thin polymer films, with non-repulsive polymer/substrate interactions, an irreversibly adsorbed layer is expected to from. These adsorbed layers have shown greate potential for technological applications. However, their growth kinetics and molecular dynamics are still not fully understood. This is partly due to the hard accessibility of these layers in thin films. Here, the irreversibly adsorbed layers of homopolymer thin films are revealed by solvent-leaching experiments. First, the growth kinetics of these layers is investigated as a function of annealing time, annealing temperature, leaching time and the original filme thickness. The film thickness, topography and the quality of the adsorbed layer is controlled by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Secondly, the molecular mobility of the adsorbed layer is investigated by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). A recently developed nanostructured capacitor arrangement is employed to measure the layer with a free surface. The results are quantitatively compared and discussed with respect to recently published work. T2 - 10th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Brussles, Belgium DA - 26.08.2018 KW - Thin polymer films PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Quantifizierung der Schädigung von DNA in wässriger Lösung unter direkter Elektronenbestrahlung N2 - To cure cancer radiation therapy is used to kill tumor cells. It is based on radiation induced damage to biomolecules. Especially DNA damage is of key interest due to its central role in apoptosis and mutation. Because of the high amount of water in biological tissue, most of the damage is caused by the secondary particles produced by the inelastic scattering of ionizing radiation and water. A detailed understanding of the underlying molecular processes under physiological conditions is the prerequisite to develop more efficient therapies. Goal of this work is to quantify the DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation in dependence of the inelastic scattering events and the energy deposit within the microscopic target volume of biological relevance. The irradiations have to be performed in liquid, under consideration of the chemical environment. Therefore, a new combination of experiment and Monte-Carlo simulations was developed and tested. To make it possible to irradiate liquids with electrons within scanning electron microscopes a new sample holder was constructed incorporating an electron transparent nanomembrane. It makes it possible to irradiate DNA, proteins or cells at different pH, salinity and in the presence of cosolutes. %The most important results of this work are as follows: The median lethal dose for a model system of plasmid DNA and water was determined by the combination of experimental data, particle scattering simulations (Geant4-DNA) and diffusion calculations as D0.5=(1.7+-0.3) Gy. From the convolution of plasmid positions and the spatially resolved energy deposit, as determined by electron scattering simulations, the histogram of the energy deposit within the target volume of the plasmids and the microscopic median lethal energy deposit was calculated as E0.5=6+-4eV. It could be deduced that on average less than two ionization events are sufficient to cause a single-strand-break. The relation of single-strand-breaks (SSB) to double-strand-breaks (DSB), which is of importance for microdosimetric modeling, was determined as SSB:DSB = 12:1. The presented method for the determination of microscopic dose-damage relations was further extended to be applicable for general irradiation experiments. It becomes independent of the type of primary radiation used, the experimental geometry, and the diffusional properties of the molecules under investigation. This way different experimental systems with varying, inhomogeneous energy deposit characteristics become comparable with each other, which is not possible when only macroscopic averaged values are taken into account. In addition, the radiation protection properties of the compatible solute ectoine, as well as its influence on the water properties and biomolecules were investigated. %In addition, the influence of the compatible solute ectoine on water, biomolecules and its radiation protection properties were investigated. Raman spectroscopy revealed a concentration dependent increase of the collective water modes in the OH-stretching region, which was found to be independent of the sodium chloride concentration. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the zwitterionic properties of ectoine lead to its half-chair conformation. The hydrogen bonds in the first hydration shell are more stable and have an increased lifetime compared to the bulk water. Irradiation experiments with DNA in the presence of 1M ectoine revealed an increase of the survival rate by a factor of 1.41 as compared to the absence of ectoine. The protective properties of ectoine result from the increase of the inelastic scattering probabilities of low energy electrons at the acoustic vibrational modes of water and its properties as OH-radical scavenger. This was shown by Raman spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements (EPR). T2 - Vortrag CY - Freie Universität Berlin, Germany DA - 14.02.2018 KW - DNA KW - Radiation damage KW - Ionizing radiation KW - DNA strand break KW - Dosimetry KW - Microdosimetry KW - Ectoine KW - Ectoine radiation protection KW - Salt KW - Water PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44280 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Photoelectron spectroscopy N2 - A short introduction into the basics of Photoelectron Spectroscopy with the focus on surface sensitivity and applications is presented. T2 - Industrietreffen im Forschungs- und Innovationszentrum (FIZ) der BMW Group CY - Munich, Germany DA - 09.01.2018 KW - XPS KW - ESCA KW - Surface analytics PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43737 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Von Ägypten bis Hiddensee – Analyse von Gold mit Synchrotronstrahlung - Update 2018 N2 - Gold ist eines der sieben schon im Altertum bekannten Metalle und wurde wg. seines Glanzes und seiner Seltenheit von alters her als Tauschmittel und zur Herstellung von Schmuck benutzt. Außerdem ist es einfach bearbeitbar und weitestgehend gegen chemische Einflüsse resistent. Die Untersuchungen von Gold mit synchrotronstrahlungsangeregter Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse sind zerstörungsfrei und geben Auskunft über die in der untersuchten Probe vorhandenen chemischen Elemente. Bei den hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen an der BAMline stehen Fragestellungen wie Herkunft, Herstellungsverfahren und Zusammengehörigkeit von Goldfunden im Vordergrund. Die verschiedenen Fragestellungen werden an einer Reihe von Beispielen erläutert die vom Wikingerschatz aus Hiddensee über die Himmelsscheibe von Nebra bis hin zu Funden aus Ägypten langen. Zusätzlich werden die modernen Messmethoden vorgestellt, die am Synchrotron heutzutage zur Verfügung stehen. T2 - Vorlesung FU Berlin Einführung in die Archäometrie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.11.2018 KW - Gold KW - Synchrotron KW - XRF KW - BAMline PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46451 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Berger, Achim T1 - Tragbare RFA an Gläsern: Ergebnisse und Grenzen N2 - Vorstellung der Ergebnisse der Messungen an Gläsern von Goethes Prismen. T2 - 3. Goethe/Ritter-Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.05.2018 KW - Goethe KW - Farbenlehre KW - Prisma KW - Handheld KW - XRF PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46369 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Witte, Steffen A1 - Kulow, Anicó A1 - Seeberg, D. A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Grunewald, Christian A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Wohlrab, S. T1 - S2XAFS@work: Customization for the Characterization of VOx based Catalysts N2 - X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) is a frequently employed technique in order to investigate structural composition and change of chemical compounds such as catalytic species. These structural properties are essential (i) to understand underlying reaction mechanism and (ii) to further improve the design of efficient catalysts. This investigation is based on a newly developed XAFS setup comprising both time- and lateral-resolved XAFS information simultaneously in a single-shot (S2XAFS). The primary broadband beam is generated by a filter/X-ray-mirror combination (bandpass). The transmitted beam through the sample is diffracted by a convexly bent Si (111) crystal, producing a divergent beam. This, in turn, is collected by an area sensitive detector with a theta to 2 theta geometry. This facile, stable and scanningless setup was tested at the BAMline @ BESSY-II (Berlin, Germany). This contribution focuses on further experimental optimizations allowing the characterization of supported vanadium oxide (VOx) based catalysts at the lower hard X-ray regime (5 to 6 keV). First S2XAFS measurements of these catalysts are presented herein. Supported VOx catalysts show promising results in the oxidation of methane to formaldehyde. S2XAFS allows determining the structural composition of the metal (i.e. vanadium) based on a fast and smart setup. It is therefore an ideal tool to identify crucial roles of chemical compounds in catalytic reactions. T2 - XAFS 2018 CY - Cracow, Poland DA - 22.07.2018 KW - XANES KW - XAFS KW - BAMline KW - Synchrotron PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46362 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Saadeh, Qais A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - In-Situ SAXS Techniques N2 - Our project's aim is to enhance the capabilities of additive manufacturing techniques, where enabling a Two-Photon-Polymerization (TPP) 3D printer of producing arrays of precisely aligned nanoparticles is of an enormous value. As heterogeneous functional nanostructures with arrays of oriented nanoparticles are very promising in many fields; electrochemistry, energy storage, nanoelectronics among other vital fields. The feasibility and the convenience of orienting nanoparticles using magnetic, electric fields and ultrasonic vibrations will be systematically investigated, using Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), since SAXS can provide detailed information about the orientation characteristics of nano-Ensembles. Corresponding to our prerequisites, a set ad hoc functional sample holders, sample stages and other In-Situ SAXS solutions were developed, and incorporated to be compatible with a state-of-the-arts SAXS machine, called Multi-scale Analyzer for Ultrafine Structures (MAUS). The MAUS has been customized and engineered to serve as a miniaturized synchrotron, and that is exactly what we need. Experiments attempting to orient superparamagnetic nanoparticles will be discussed, where the outcomes will not only help in understanding the mechanics of field-particle interactions, it will also help in further developing the adequate needed set of corrections to the SAXS data, that is especially regards oriented samples. T2 - XVII International Small Angle Scattering Conference – SAS 2018 CY - Traverse City, Michigan, USA DA - 07.10.2018 KW - In-Situ Techniques KW - SAXS KW - Magnetic nano-particles PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46443 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Kaestner, Claudia A1 - Thuenemann, Andreas T1 - How good is SAXS? Results from a large Round Robin on an easy sample N2 - 22 laboratories returned 45 small-angle scattering datasets on a suspension of silver nanoparticles. The variance of the results has been analyzed in order to estimate the expected accuracy and precision of the small-angle scattering technique. T2 - XVII International Small Angle Scattering Conference - SAS2018 CY - Traverse City, Michigan, USA DA - 07.10.2018 KW - Small-angle scattering KW - Round Robin KW - Silver nanoparticles KW - Quality KW - McSAS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46518 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Breßler, Ingo T1 - McSAS for SAS analysis: Usage, Benefits and Potential Pitfalls N2 - An introductory lecture for users at the Diamond Light Source, on how to use the McSAS software to analyze their data. T2 - Small Angle Scattering Training School CY - Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom DA - 04.06.2018 KW - Small-angle scattering KW - Software KW - Analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46517 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Snow, T. A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Smith, A. A1 - Terrill, N. A1 - Thuenemann, Andreas T1 - Modular SAXS data corrections N2 - A standardized methodology for the correction of scattering patterns, the calculation of uncertainties, the subtraction of backgrounds and solvents, optionally followed by the azimuthal averaging/reduction step, is presented. T2 - XVII International Small Angle Scattering Conference - SAS2018 CY - Traverse City, Michigan, USA DA - 07.10.2018 KW - Small-angle scattering KW - Software KW - Sata corrections KW - Quality PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46520 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - XPS at BAM - Some insights into our activities N2 - Some examples will be given showing the application of XPS in different fields, like polymers, nanoparticles, solar cells and inorganic thin films. T2 - Besuch beim GFZ Potsdam CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 18.05.2018 KW - XPS KW - Surface analytics KW - Nanoparticles KW - Polymers KW - Solar cells PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44981 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Development of a standard procedure for the irradiation of biomolecules N2 - The damage caused by ionizing radiation to DNA and proteins is the reason to treat cancer by radiation therapy. A better understanding of the molecular processes and quantification of the different damaging mechanisms is the prerequisite to develop more efficient therapies. Hereby the understanding of the processes involved in the damage to DNA are of key interest due to its central role in reproduction and mutation. For radiation with low linear energy transfer (LET), most of the damage is caused by the secondary particles produced by scattering of the ionizing radiation with water. Thereby a multitude of species are produced, whereby especially kinetic low energy electrons, prehydrated electrons, OH-radicals and ions are of importance. With higher LET the relative amount of the direct damaging effects increases. This is especially important considering the increased usage of high LET nucleons in radiation therapy. Therefore, the quantification of the contribution to DNA damage of direct and indirect effects and the different secondary species is of high interest due to the increase of radio biological efficiency when applying high LET radiation. Here we present an approach to investigate the relative contributions to DNA strand break yield for radiation of different LET within a single electron microscope in combination with electron scattering simulations. T2 - IRPA 2018 CY - Havanna, Cuba DA - 16.04.2018 KW - DNA KW - Radiation damage KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Linear energy transfer KW - IRPA KW - LET KW - Electrons KW - SEM KW - Cancer therapy KW - OH radicals KW - LEE KW - Geant4 PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44821 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Solomun, Tihomir A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - DNA strand break yields by OH-radicals, low energy electrons and prehydrated electrons N2 - Universität Berlin Radiation damage to biomolecules such as DNA, is the reason to treat cancer via radiation therapy. The understanding of the molecular processes and the quantification of the underlying damaging mechanisms is necessary to develope more efficient irradiation protocols for cancer therapy. Thereby damage to DNA is of key interest due to its central role in reproduction and mutation. Due to the high amount of water in biological tissue, most of the damage is caused by the secondary particles which are produced by the interaction of ionizing radiation with water. Thereby a multitude of species are produced, e.g. kinetic low energy electrons, prehydrated electrons, OH-radicals and ions. The quantification of the contribution to DNA damage by the various species is of interest. Here we present an experimental approach to disentangle their relative DNA strand break yields. Plasmid DNA (pUC19 ) is irradiated in water with electrons under the presence of different scavengers. The presented preliminary results reveal the relative contributions of OH-radicals, low energy electrons and prehydrated electrons and their DNA single and double strand break yields. T2 - DPG-Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Kondensierte Materie gemeinsam mit der EPS CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.03.2018 KW - DNA KW - Radiation damage KW - Dosimetry KW - Low energy electrons KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - Geant4 KW - Prehydrated electrons KW - Scavenger KW - Radiation damage to DNA KW - Plasmid DNA KW - Strand breaks KW - Double strand breaks KW - Single strand breaks PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44566 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Solomun, Tihomir T1 - Bestimmung des mikroskopischen Energiedeposits an DNA in komplexen Geometrien N2 - Mikrodosimetrie zum Einsatz in der Charakterisierung von per 3D Druck erstellen medizinischen Röntgenphantomen. T2 - Charite PhantomX CY - Charite Campus Berlin, Germany DA - 21.03.2018 KW - Dosimetrie KW - Phantome KW - Strahlentherapie KW - Computertomographie KW - Medizintechnik KW - Geant4 KW - Monte-Carlo Simulationen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44564 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Witt, Julia A1 - Dimper, Matthias A1 - Wagner, R. A1 - Lützenkirchen-Hecht, D. T1 - Changes in passive film chemistry of stainless steels in the presence of iron reducing bacteria N2 - Summary of the results obtained at DELTA-Beamline 8 in 2018. T2 - DELTA User Treffen CY - Dortmund, Germany DA - 28.11.2018 KW - MIC KW - Corrosion KW - XANES PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-50312 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Hampel, Marco A1 - Witt, Julia A1 - Schenderlein, Matthias T1 - Combined electrochemical techniques for the investigation of corrosion processes N2 - Short presentation of BAM, a summary of the methods available in FB 6.2 and recent results on MIC and high resolution corrosion studies T2 - Institute Seminar: Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry CY - Cracow, Poland DA - 07.11.2018 KW - MIC KW - Corrosion KW - Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) KW - Combined corrosive and mechanical load PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-50313 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stajanca, Pavol A1 - Topolniak, Ievgeniia A1 - Pötschke, Samuel A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Solution doping of commercial plastic optical fibers N2 - Solution doping of off-the-shelf plastic optical fibers (POFs) represents rather simple and cheap way for preparing custom cladding-doped POFs (CD-POFs) with short to medium lengths. CD-POFs are especially attractive for environmental sensing applications, but might be of interest for illumination task as well. In this work, the proposed doping technique is tested with three different commercial low-cost polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) POFs; Eska CK-40 and Eska GK-40 from Mitsubishi Rayon and Raytela PGU-FB1000 from Toray. The aim of the work is to aid the selection of the most suitable fiber yielding highest optical quality of prepared CD-POFs. Firstly, the optimal doping times are determined for the individual fiber types using short fiber samples. Secondly, longer 10 m CD-POFs are prepared from all tested fibers using the optimized doping procedure. Finally, attenuation of pristine POFs and prepared CD-POFs is measured using optical time domain reflectometry in order to characterize the impacts of the doping on fiber optical properties. In addition, the importance of post-doping drying procedure for CD-POF optical performance is investigated as well. The results suggest that, although doping of all tested fibers is generally feasible, Eska CK-40 is the most suitable candidate with regard to the doping efficiency and fiber post-doping performance. T2 - SPIE Photonics Europe 2018 CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 22.04.2018 KW - Plastic optical fibers KW - Solution doping KW - Polymethyl methacrylate KW - PMMA KW - Rhodamine B KW - Fluorescent optical fibers KW - Cladding-doped fibers PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44908 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Madkour, Sherif A1 - Gawek, Marcel A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Determination of the glass transition region of thin PVME films by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry N2 - In this presentation, we report on the Determination of the glass transition temperature of thin layers of Polyvinylmethylether (PVME) depending on the thickness of the polymer layer. The glass Transition of thin polymer layers is currently under much investigation due to the nano-confinement effects proposed to appear in dependence on the layer thicknesses in the nm range. The properties of the polymer, the temperature range, as well as the thicknesses range of the polymer layers pose a serious challenge to the investigation by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry. By careful choice of experimental parameters, we were able to investigate the thickness change by temperature of PVME layers in the range between 2 and 300 nm and in the temperature range between 200 K and 340 K. By optimizing the analysis process, we were able to determine Tg values within this parameter range with sufficient accuracy to investigate the Tg change due to confinement effects. Alongside the change of position of the glass transition with thickness, we discuss the details of the ellipsometric analysis and its implications for the resulting thermal properties of the thin polymer layers as well as the accuracy of the Tg value with respect to the method used in the analysis process. T2 - Workshop Ellipsometry 2018 CY - Chemnitz, Germany DA - 19.03.2018 KW - Polymers KW - PVME KW - Temperature dependent ellipsometry KW - Glass transition PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44672 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kjaervik, Marit A1 - Dietrich, P. A1 - Thissen, A. A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Quantitative biocide profile measurements by calibrated NAP-XPS N2 - Progress update for the EMPIR-project MetVBadBugs- Quantitative measurement and imaging of drug-uptake by bacteria with antimicrobial resistance. T2 - MetVBadBugs 26 M project meeting CY - South Mimms, UK DA - 05.07.2018 KW - Biofilms KW - Alginate KW - Antibiotics KW - E. coli KW - XPS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45402 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yildirim, Arda T1 - Liquid Crystals Forming a Columnar Mesophase: Structure, Dynamics and Electric Conductivity N2 - The molecular dynamics and ionic conductivity of ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) forming a columnar mesophase, two linear-shaped tetramethylated guanidinium triflates ILCs having different lengths of alkyl chains, were investigated by a combination of Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) and Specific Heat Spectroscopy (SHS). Three processes were detected by BDS; at low temperature γ-process, at higher temperatures α-process and at even higher temperatures conductivity. The γ-process indicates localized fluctuations, and the α-process designates cooperative fluctuations. Slightly different restrictions were found for conductivity processes of LC536 and LC537 due to the slightly different lengths of alky chains. The conductivity mechanisms in the plastic crystalline and the columnar mesophase have been revealed by BDS and different charge carriers were assigned for the different phases. Furthermore, the cooperative dynamics were also probed by SHS. The cooperative dynamics probed by the different techniques (BDS and SHS) compared, and assigned to the different restrictions on the cooperativity due to the difference in the sensitivity of the techniques. T2 - Seminar Vortrag Technische Universität Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.06.2018 KW - Columnar Liquid Crystals KW - Ionic Liquid Crystals PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45383 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Sparnacci, Katia A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Investigation of core-shell nanoparticles using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) N2 - A scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) based methodology is introduced for determining the dimensions (shell thickness, core and total diameter) of core-shell nanoparticles which exhibit a strong x-ray absorption contrast and a well-defined interface between core and shell material. A low radiation dosage during data acquisition and, therefore, less x-ray beam induced damage of the sample is achieved by recording STXM images only at two predetermined energies of maximum absorption contrast, instead of recording a stack of images across the whole absorption edge. A model core-shell nanoparticle, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cores with polystyrene (PS) shell, is used for demonstration. Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy confirms the significant difference in x-ray absorption behavior between PTFE and PS. Additionally, due to the insolubility of styrene in PTFE a well-defined interface between particle core and shell is expected. In order to validate the STXM results, both the naked PTFE cores as well as the complete core-shell nanoparticles are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The introduced STXM based methodology yields particle dimensions in good agreement with the SEM results (deviation equal or less than 10%) and provides additional information such as the position of the particle core which cannot be extracted from a SEM micrograph. T2 - DPG-Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Kondensierte Materie gemeinsam mit der EPS CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.03.2018 KW - STXM KW - SEM KW - PS KW - PTFE KW - Core-shell nanoparticles PY - 2018 N1 - Geburtsname von Müller, Anja: Hermanns, A. - Birth name of Müller, Anja: Hermanns, A. AN - OPUS4-44654 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lauer, Franziska A1 - Diehn, Sabrina A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kneipp, Janina T1 - A graphical user interface for a fast multivariate classification of MALDI-TOF MS data of pollen grains N2 - The common characterization and identification of pollen is a time-consuming task that mainly relies on microscopic determination of the genus-specific pollen morphology. A variety of spectroscopic and spectrometric approaches have been proposed to develop a fast and reliable pollen identification using specific molecular information. Amongst them, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) shows a high potential for the successful investigation of such complex biological samples. Based on optimized MALDI sample preparation using conductive carbon tape, the application of multivariate statistics (e.g. principal components analysis, PCA) yields an enormous improvement concerning taxonomic classification of pollen species compared to common microscopic techniques. Since multivariate evaluation of the recorded mass spectra is of vital importance for classification, it’s helpful to implement the applied sequence of standard Matlab functions into a graphical user interface (GUI). In this presentation, a stand-alone application (GUI) is shown, which provides multiple functions to perform fast multivariate analysis on multiple datasets. The use of a GUI enables a first overview on the measured dataset, conducts spectral pretreatment and can give classification information based on HCA and PCA evaluation. Moreover, it can be used to improve fast spectral classification and supports the development of a simple routine method to identify pollen based on mass spectrometry. T2 - 12. Interdisziplinäres Doktorandenseminar, GDCh AK Prozessanalytik CY - BAM, AH, Berlin, Germany DA - 25.03.2018 KW - MALDI KW - GUI KW - Pollen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44661 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Mitzkus, Anja A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Köppe, Enrico A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Schukar, Vivien T1 - Faser-basierter magneto-optischer Schicht-Sensor zum Monitoring von Bauteilen N2 - In Glasfasern eingeschriebene Bragg-Gitter (FBG: fibre-based Bragg gratings) sind über die Verschiebung der Bragg-Wellenlänge in der Lage, Stauchungen und Dehnungen von Glasfasern hochgenau zu erfassen. In Kompositwerkstoffe eingebettete faseroptische Sensoren können Bauteile bezüglich ihrer mechanischen Integrität überwachen und früh-zeitig Informationen über Materialveränderungen gewinnen. Um die Zuverlässigkeit eines solchen Sensors zu gewährleisten, ist es wichtig, die korrekte Funktion des Sensors im Verbund mit der Werkstoff-Matrix on-line und in-situ sicherzu-stellen. Im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts FAMOS² (FAser-basierter Magneto-Optischer SchichtSensor) wurde ein selbstdiagnosefähiger Schichtsensor entwickelt, der mit Hilfe von magnetostriktiven Aktorschichten aus Nickel bzw. Eisen-Nickel validiert werden kann. Der FAMOS²-Schichtsensor wird durch ein PVD (physical vapour deposition)/ECD (electro-chemical deposition) Hybridschichtsystem realisiert, das auf dem Fasermantel im Bereich des FBG haftfest, homogen und langzeitfunktional abzuscheiden ist. Dabei wird in einem ersten Schritt ein etwa 100 Nanometer dünnes PVD-Schichtsystem aus Chrom und Kupfer als Haftvermittler auf der Glasfaser bzw. als leitfähige Startschicht für den nachfolgenden ECD-Prozess abgeschieden. Um eine rotationssymmetrische Schich-tabscheidung zu gewährleisten, erfolgt während der PVD-Beschichtung eine Rotation der Glasfasern. In einem zweiten Schritt wird dann unter Verwendung eines klassischen Watts-Elektrolyten in einer speziell entwickelten ebenfalls rotationssymmetrisch aufgebau-ten ECD-Durchströmungszelle dann die etwa 30 Mikrometer dicke, magnetostriktive Ak-torschicht auf dem PVD-Schichtsystem abgeschieden, im Vergleich sowohl reine Nickel-Schichten als auch Nickel-Eisen-Schichten. Ein äußeres Magnetfeld dehnt die magnetostriktive Aktorschicht und damit auch die Faser reversibel. Diese Dehnung führt zu einer Verschiebung der Bragg-Wellenlänge, welche direkt mit der Stärke eines zu messenden oder zu Validierungszwecken vorgegebenen Magnetfeldes korreliert. Die Anpassung der Beschichtungsverfahren an die Fasergeome-trie und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Hybridschichten werden hinsichtlich der me-chanischen Integrität des faseroptischen Sensors diskutiert und der Nachweis der Selbst-diagnosefähigkeit erbracht. T2 - 13. ThGOT Thementage Grenz- und Oberflächentechnik und 11. Thüringer Biomaterial-Kolloquium CY - Zeulenroda, Germany DA - 13.03.2018 KW - Magneto-optischer Sensor KW - Faser-Bragg Gitter KW - Magnetostriktive Beschichtung KW - Selbstkalibrierung KW - Bauteilmonitoring PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44598 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kjaervik, Marit A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - New work item proposal for a technical report for ISO/TC 201 WG4 “Surface characterization of biomaterials”: Surface chemical analysis – Surface chemical analysis of cells and biofilms N2 - The proposed ISO Technical Report provides a description of a variety of physical methods of analytical chemistry by which bacteria and biofilms can be analysed. The state of the art, sample requirements and strengths associated with each method are identified. Presented at the DIN-meeting for NA 062-08-16 AA „Chemische Oberflächenanalyse und Rastersondenmikroskopie“ T2 - 18. Sitzung des DIN-meeting NA 062-08-16 AA "Chemische Oberflächenanalyse und Rastersondenmikroskopie“ CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 08.11.2018 KW - 3D nano SIMS KW - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy KW - Raman-spectroscopy KW - Biofilms KW - XPS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46548 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Kjaervik, Marit A1 - Cant, D. A1 - Shard, A. A1 - Clifford, C. T1 - Measurement of the thickness and nature of nanoparticle coatings - ISO/PWI TR 23173 N2 - This presentation explains the outline and scientific content of the ISO technical report 23173 "Measurement of the thickness and nature of nanoparticle coatings using electron spectroscopies". This technical report deals with those electron spectroscopy methods that are able to determine the coating thickness of nanoparticles. This specifically includes X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-resolved X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ERXPS) using synchrotron radiation, near abient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (NAPXPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). T2 - 18. Sitzung des DIN-Normenausschusses 062-08-16 AA CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 08.11.2018 KW - Core-shell nanoparticles KW - Electron spectroscopy KW - XPS KW - Synchrotron radiation KW - AES PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Nanoanalytik-Aktivitäten @ BAM N2 - In dieser Präsentation werden Aktivitäten im Bereich der 'nano'-Charakterisierung bei der BAM vorgestellt. Beispiele von F&E-Projekten und -Kooperationen im nano-Analytik-Bereich bei der BAM werden genannt. Thematische Kooperations-Möglichkeiten zwischen BAM und dem Netzwerk NanoAnalytik und -Messtechnik in der Produktion werden diskutiert. T2 - Treffen des Netzwerkes NanoAnalytik und -Messtechnik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.11.2018 KW - Nanoanalytik KW - Nano-Projekte KW - Nano-Kompetenzzentrum KW - Nano-Charakterisierung PY - 2018 UR - https://www.nanoinitiative-bayern.de/nanoanalytik/ AN - OPUS4-46563 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Saleh, Maysoon I. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Investigation of core-shell nanoparticles using a combination of scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) N2 - Products containing engineered nanoparticles already encounter us in most areas of our daily life including cosmetics, clothing, detergents, paints, batteries and displays. In most cases the particles exhibit a core-shell morphology either voluntarily or involuntarily. The properties of the nanoparticle shell determine the interaction with their environment and, thus, reliable control over these properties means reliable control over the particles performance and their toxicity. Therefore, sophisticated techniques to measure thickness and elemental composition of the nanoparticle shell are urgently required. Scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) is a powerful technique with a lateral resolution below 10 nm and a chemical contrast based on the characteristic kinetic energy of Auger electrons related to specific atomic levels and, thus, to a specific element. This work explores the potential of SAM for characterizing the core-shell structure of nanoparticles. A sample system of upconversion NaYF4:Yb,Er cores coated with SiO2 is investigated. Auger spectra, line scans and elemental maps of single nanoparticles will be presented. Challenges encountered will be highlighted, such as damage to the sample by electron beam irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are performed on the same samples, in order to verify the SAM results. T2 - BAM PhD Retreat CY - Warnemünde, Germany DA - 28.09.2018 KW - Core-shell nanoparticles KW - SAM KW - SEM KW - Surface analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Rietz, U. A1 - Lerche, D. T1 - State-of-the-Art in Multiple-Sample Evaluation of Adhesive and Bonding Strength N2 - The paper addresses the “State-of-the-Art in Multiple-Sample Evaluation of Adhesive and Bonding Strength” and the following points are discussed in more detail: 1. Motivation (coatings, varnishes, tapes, laminates, CFRP, adhesive-bonded joints) 2. Conventional single-sample testing (evaluation of adhesive and bonding strength; failure pattern) 3. Multiple-sample handling (MSH), bonding (MSB), and testing: centrifugal adhesion testing (CAT) (multiple-sample approach, tensile test within a centrifuge) 4. Application examples of CAT-Technology™ (laminates, optical coatings, CFRP joints) Finally, a summary is given regarding status quo and benefits of CAT-technology under tensile stress conditions whereas examples of testing in a centrifuge under compressive stress conditions are mentioned in the outlook. T2 - The 5th International Conference Competitive Materials and Technology Processes CY - Miskolc-Lillafüred, Hungary DA - 08.10.2018 KW - Centrifugal Adhesion Testing KW - CAT KW - Multiple-sample handling (MSH) KW - Multiple-sample bonding (MSB) KW - Tensile strength of laminates KW - Tensile strength of coatings KW - Adhesive strength KW - Bonding strength PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46336 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinrich, Thomas A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Chemical characterisation of (core-shell) nanoparticles using PCA assisted ToF-SIMS and XPS N2 - The analysis of nanomaterials is currently an important task - especially in case of risk assessment – as the properties of these material class are not well understood. The rather high surface area of these objects renders their interactions significantly different to their corresponding bulk. Thus, the surface’s chemical composition must be investigated to get a better understanding and prediction of the nanomaterials’ behavior. ToF-SIMS and XPS have proven to be powerful tools to determine the general chemical composition. The superior surface sensitivity of ToF-SIMS furthermore allows us to study mainly the utmost atomic layers and thus gives us an idea of the interactions involved. Here, we present initial data on the analysis of Hyflon®-polystyrene core-shell nanoparticles which can be used as a model system due to the known preparation and a rather good chemical as well as physical separation of core and shell. Furthermore, results on Au nanoparticles with and without an antibody shell are presented. Principle component analysis (PCA) will be used to detect the influence of sample preparation and for a better separation of different samples. ToF-SIMS imaging is desired to be implemented for single particle detection as well. T2 - 3rd NanoSafety Forum for Young Scientists CY - Valetta, Malta DA - 08.09.2018 KW - Nanoparticles KW - ToF-SIMS KW - XPS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46248 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinrich, Thomas A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Schneider, Markus A1 - Sparnacci, Katja A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Chemical characterisation and classification of (Core-Shell) nanoparticles using PCA assisted ToF-SIMS N2 - The analysis of nanomaterials is currently an important task - especially in case of risk assessment – as the properties of these material class are not well understood and their growing use in everyday life. The rather high surface area of these objects renders their interactions significantly different to their corresponding bulk. Thus, the surface’s chemical composition must be investigated to get a better understanding and prediction of the nanomaterials’ behaviour. ToF-SIMS and XPS have proven to be powerful tools to determine the general chemical composition. The superior surface sensitivity of ToF-SIMS furthermore allows us to study mainly the utmost atomic layers and thus gives us an idea of possible interactions involved. Supported by multivariate data analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA), the method can also be used for sub-classification of different materials using slight differences in surface chemistry. Here, we present data of the analysis of Hyflon®-polystyrene core-shell nanoparticles which can be used as a model system due to the known preparation and a rather good chemical as well as physical separation of core and shell. Principle component analysis (PCA) will be used to detect the influence of sample preparation and for a better separation of different samples. This is achieved by measurement of a statistically relevant set of samples for every particle sample. We acquired surface spectra under static SIMS conditions with Bi32+ and analysed the resulting spectra by PCA. The carefully selected and refined peaks allow a reasonable categorization and further a reliable allocation of blank feeds. In detail, the fluorine containing, organic fragments are an indication for a heterogeneous shell that has errors. Furthermore, results on Au nanoparticles with and without an antibody shell are presented. ToF-SIMS imaging is desired to be implemented for single particle detection as well. T2 - SIMS-Europe CY - Münster, Germany DA - 16.09.2018 KW - Nanoparticles KW - ToF-SIMS KW - XPS KW - PCA KW - Titania KW - Core-Shell PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46249 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Overview on the most advanced and suitable NanoDefine measurement methods N2 - The EC Recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial, based solely on size of the constituent particles, foresees development of harmonised measurement methods ensuring ‘consistent results across materials and over time’. The EU/FP7 research project NanoDefine has been exclusively dedicated to support the implementation of this EC Recommendation for the European Union’s legislation. For the first time, measurement techniques able to determine the size of nanoparticles have been evaluated systematically on a well-defined set of quality control materials (spherical, monodisperse) as well as industrial materials of complex shapes and considerable polydispersity. Particularly based on the analytical performance of the measurement techniques as tested on the challenging real-world particulate materials, it was possible to formulate recommendations for use of a new tiered approach consisting of screening and confirmatory techniques. Thus, a consistent framework of guidance for nanomaterial identification according to the EC Definition has been issued in form of the NanoDefiner e-tool, with a transparent decision flow scheme and an extensive user manual. Selected examples of analysis and classification as nano-/non-nanomaterials will be given, highlighting the limits of applicability of the available measurement techniques in dependence on sample properties. On some recent relevant developments in sample preparation – as a crucial part for an accurate analysis - will be also reported. T2 - VCI-NanoDefine Follow-up Meeting CY - VCI, Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 25.09.2018 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Nanomaterial KW - EC definition of nanomaterial KW - Nanoparticle size distribution PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46251 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - EMPIR nPSize - improved traceability chain of nanoparticle size measurements - Is a liaison to CEN/TC 352 nanotechnologies useful? N2 - The main objectives of the new EMPIR project nPSize are to establish EU capability of traceable measurement of NP size and shape, lower uncertainties of NP size measurement by developement of new nano-CRMs, new models (physical and machine learning), 3D method combination, and also by new ISO and CEN standards on accurate NP size measurement and guidance and knowledge transfer. The envisaged outcomes of the project will be presented and their suitability will be discussed to be taken over as pertinent contributions to normative projects within CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnologies. T2 - Joint Working Groups and 24th CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnologies Meetings CY - DIN, Berlin, Germany DA - 09.10.2018 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Size KW - Particle size distribution KW - Particle shape KW - Traceability KW - Standardisation KW - CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnologies PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46252 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cant, D. A1 - Shard, A. A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Clifford, C. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface chemical analysis – Electron spectroscopies – Measurement of the thickness and nature of nanoparticle coatings N2 - Recent years have seen increasing development of nanoparticles for applications in a wide range of fields, including but not limited to areas of great impact such as catalysis, medicine, energy, optoelectronics, cosmetics, and many others. In particular, nanoparticles bearing some form of coating layer, whether by design or due to incidental processes such as contamination or oxidation, are among the most commonly studied and utilised. In the characterisation of nanoparticles, the surface properties are of great importance, because a large proportion of the particle forms a part of the surface or interface. In the case of coated nanoparticles, the thickness of the coating is significant in determining the properties of the nanoparticle, and defines its interactions with its environment. Measurement of surface chemistry and coating thickness of nanoparticles is a challenge to which electron spectroscopies are well suited, due to high surface sensitivity, well-understood physical principles and accessibility. T2 - Annual Meeting of ISO/TC 201/SC7 CY - Cancun, Mexico DA - 21.09.2018 KW - Nanoparticle characterization KW - X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) KW - Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) KW - Core-shell nanoparticles PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46259 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kormunda, M. A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Rysanek, P. A1 - Ivanov, L. T1 - Optical and Electrical Properties of reactive/nonreactive Magnetron Deposited SnZnOxCoatings Annealed at Various Temperatures N2 - ZnSnOx coatings were deposited from two 2in magnetron targets made of ZnO and SnO2 connected to DC pulsed and RF power supplies, respectively. The pure Ar and reactive gas mixture Ar/O2 were used. DC pulsed power applied on ZnO target was kept constant 50W 50kHz, 20% d.c. and the RF power applied on SnO2 target was set to values from 0W (pure ZnO deposited) up to 150W (up to 8 at.% of Sn in films). The deposited films were investigated by multiple techniques as deposited at RT as well as after annealing at temperatures 200o C and 450o C. The lower annealing temperature is still compatible with many of common polymeric substrates. The amount of Sn in the films is proportional to applied RF power on SnO2 target. But there is also significant influence of the post Deposition annealing on the film compositions. The ratio Zn/Sn is reduced by the annealing process. Therefore the annealing is promoting the migration of Sn toward the surface and Zn to inside. Moreover the films deposited in oxygen rich reactive gas mixture does not reduces the resistivity with added Sn in contrary to films deposited in Ar where the resistivity was reduced by 5 orders of magnitudes. The plasma parameters were investigated and mean energies of dominant species were in DC pulsed only about 3eV and DC + RF powered plasma up to 15eV. The expected higher energetic particles in the RF influenced plasma deliver an additional energy to the growing film. Therefore, we observed systematic differences between refractive indexes in the films deposited with low RF powered SnO2 magnetron at RT and post-annealed at 200 ° and practically no difference between RT and post-annealed film at higher RF power above 50 W. The XRD results proved the transitions from an amorphous to more crystalline structure by post-annealing of the films. T2 - PSE 2018 - 16th Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 17.09.2018 KW - Reactive sputtering KW - Plasma diagnostics KW - Optical films KW - TCO PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46347 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Saloga, Patrick E. J. T1 - SAXS in Analysis of Ultra-small Size-adjustable Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Controlled Band Gap Engineering N2 - Zinc oxide (ZnO) as a wide-bandgap II-VI semiconductor finds application in areas like optoelectronics, photocatalysis as well as in detection systems. While band-gap engineering in macroscopic ZnO can be performed by alloying, the band-gap of ZnO nanoparticles is also dependent on their size. Since small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provides a much higher resolution in terms of ultra-small nanoparticle size analysis compared to other techniques, it allows for a careful examination of the correlation between particle size and band-gap. We report on the microwave-assisted synthesis of oleate-capped, photoluminescent zinc oxide nanoparticles with adjustable size as dispersions in organic solvents. The spherical particles were obtained by hydrolysis of the metal precursor in presence of a strong base at temperatures above the solvent’s boiling point. Hence, the reaction is dramatically accelerated and within seconds – instead of hours at lower temperatures –, narrowly dispersed particle systems are yielded. The particles’ sizes as derived from SAXS strongly depend on the reaction temperature and time. Choosing the right reaction conditions, the particle size and thus their band gap can be finely tuned. A size increase can be achieved both by increasing the reaction temperature and the reaction time. See Figure 1 for an exemplary comparison of five-minute syntheses at different temperatures. Here, the yielded particles display diameters between 5.0 and 7.6 nm and corresponding band-gaps of 3.32 up to 3.41 eV. The size increase is accompanied by a red-shift of the UV/Vis absorption edges and fluorescence emission. Furthermore, these particles can be transferred into water by coating with polysorbates. T2 - SAS2018 XVII International Small Angle Scattering Conference CY - Traverse City, Michigan, USA DA - 07.10.2018 KW - SAXS KW - Zinc oxide nanoparticles KW - Microwave synthesis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46348 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Microplastics: Degradation properties of polymers in the environment N2 - The accumulation of plastics leaked into the environment achieve a high perception in the last years. It is uncontroversial that often an uncontrolled, high consumption of plastic products and a poor waste management resulted in plastic findings all over in the environment. However, less is known about the relevant pathways and fate of plastic in the environment. Especially plastic fragments smaller 5 mmm, so called microplastics, achieve a high attention, because their amount and risks arising from these fragments are still unknown. The basic mechanisms of plastic or more precise, of different polymer degradation processes are often not considered, resulting in unrealistic statements. For generation of fundamental understanding of this problem we developed in the last years a fast thermoanalytical method for identification and mass quantification of microplastics in complex samples. The presentation will also give a short introduction about polymer degradation. T2 - Environmental Geosciences Seminar CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 19.11.2018 KW - Microplastic KW - Analysis KW - Standardisation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47182 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Kunststoffe in der Umwelt: Elastomere, Thermoplaste und Duroplaste – worüber sprechen wir eigentlich und was sind die analytischen Herausforderungen? N2 - Übersichtsvortrag zur Thematik Kunststoffe in der Umwelt. Es werden Aspekte zu Definitionen, Eigenschaften und Analytischen Möglichkeiten und Herrausforderungen angesprochen. T2 - Arbeitsgespräch der Ressortforschungseinrichtungen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.11.2018 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Umwelt KW - Polymere Eigenschaften PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47183 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Goedecke, Caroline A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Detektion von Kunststoffen mittels TED-GC-MS N2 - Vortrag zur Funktionsweise der TED-GC-MS für die Analyse von Mikroplastik in Umweltproben T2 - Arbeitsgespräch der Ressortforschungseinrichtungen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.11.2018 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC-MS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47184 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Dümichen, E. A1 - Bannick, C. G. A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Turning up the heat: a thermoanalytical approach for the detection of microplastics N2 - The presentation deals with the analysis of plastics in environmental samples using the TED-GC-MS method. The method and its working principles are presented, method characteristics and application examples are given. Advantages and disadvantages compared to other methods are highlighted. T2 - Linnaeus Eco-Tech 2018 CY - Kalmar, Sweden DA - 19.11.2018 KW - Microplastics KW - Tire wear KW - Thermoanalysis KW - TED-GC-MS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47185 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Nanoparticles separation using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and asymmerical flow-field flow fractionation (AF4) N2 - Nowadays, different nanoparticles have been developed for commercial applications. However, since data on toxicity are barely available, their increasing application in cosmetic products, food and their release in the environment might cause severe problems. An accurate separation, identification and characterization of nanoparticles becomes increasingly important. A common method for nanoparticle separation, which was introduced in 1976 by Giddings, represents asymmetrical field-flow fractionation (AF4). It is a flow based separation method, which can be theoretically used to separate particles range from 1 nm to 50 µm. However, when the particles are smaller than 10 nm, separation with AF4 will become difficult to perform. Because in this case strong separation force, which induces aggregation of particles, should be applied. This will decrease recoveries of analytes and limit its application in accurate quantitative analysis. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is another well-developed separation technique, in which samples will be separated in relation to their electrophoretic mobility. In recent years, CE has been used to separate different kinds of nanoparticles like, gold colloids or CdSe Quantum dots. However, till now only separation of particles smaller than 50 nm was reported. Because large size distribution of bigger particles will result in strong peak broadening and long separation time. A two-dimensional coupling of AF4 and CE might provide us a new separation method, which can extend the separation ranges of both methods and be a way to characterise particles with large size distributions. T2 - BAM PhD seminar CY - PhD seminar, Berlin, Germany DA - 22.06.2018 KW - Nanoparticles separation capillary electrophoresis asymmetrcial flow field flow fractionation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47187 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Nanoparticles separation using capillary electrophoresis N2 - Nowadays, different nanoparticles have been developed for commercial applications. However, since data on toxicity are barely available, their increasing application in cosmetic products, food and their release in the environment might cause severe problems. An accurate separation, identification and characterization of nanoparticles becomes increasingly important. A common method for nanoparticle separation, which was introduced in 1976 by Giddings, represents asymmetrical field-flow fractionation (AF4). It is a flow based separation method, which can be theoretically used to separate particles range from 1 nm to 50 µm. However, when the particles are smaller than 10 nm, separation with AF4 will become difficult to perform. Because in this case strong separation force, which induces aggregation of particles, should be applied. This will decrease recoveries of analytes and limit its application in accurate quantitative analysis. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is another well-developed separation technique, in which samples will be separated in relation to their electrophoretic mobility. In recent years, CE has been used to separate different kinds of nanoparticles like, gold colloids or CdSe Quantum dots. However, till now only separation of particles smaller than 50 nm was reported. Because large size distribution of bigger particles will result in strong peak broadening and long separation time. A two-dimensional coupling of AF4 and CE might provide us a new separation method, which can extend the separation ranges of both methods and be a way to characterise particles with large size distributions. T2 - ESAS-CANAS Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.03.2018 KW - Nanoparticles separation capillary electrophoresis asymmetrcial flow field flow fractionation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47188 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Separation of polystyrene nanoparticles with different coatings using 2D off-line coupling of asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) N2 - Nowadays, different nanoparticles have been developed for commercial applications. However, since data on toxicity are barely available, their increasing application in cosmetic products, food and their release in the environment might cause severe problems. An accurate separation, identification and characterization of nanoparticles becomes increasingly important1,2. In this presentation, a two-dimensional separation approach based on AF4 and CE was showed and used to separate NPs with similar sizes but different coatings. Standard reference polystyrene NPs having comparable core sizes but different coatings were investigated. Different migration time and profiles were compared. Separation in either method resulted in non-baseline resolved or non-separated peaks. In contrast, two-dimensional coupling of AF4 and CE resulted in clearly separated regions in their 2 D plots in case of 20 and 50 nm particle mixtures, whereas the 100 nm NP mixture could not be separated. Various factors affecting the separation like hydrodynamic diameter or SDS concentration were discussed. Future investigations will be focussed on inorganic NPs with differently charged coatings. There, AF4-CE coupling can be coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to enhance the sensitivity of this method. T2 - 6th FFF-MS Tagung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.11.2018 KW - Nanoparticles separation capillary electrophoresis asymmetrcial flow field flow fractionation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47191 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Thin polymer films as model systems for polymer nanocomposites N2 - Polymers at interfaces play a major role in a broad variety of applications ranging from engineering purposes (for instance polymer based nanocomposites) to high tech implications (for instance light emitting diodes). Here, thin films with thicknesses down to few nanometers are prepared on different substrates as model systems for polymer composites. The thin films are investigated by a combination of surface analytical and volume sensitive methods. As surface analytical methods atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements (CAM) are employed. As volume sensitive broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), specific heat spectroscopy (SHS), and ellipsometry are used. Especially attention is paid to understand the glass transition behavior of thin films because the glass transition is the key phenomenon determines the application of polymers also in thin films. To understand the glass transition behavior of thin films, which is controversially discussed in literature, a three layer model is discussed. Firstly, a mobile surface layer is assumed at polymer air interface of the film due to missing of segment/segment interactions. Secondly, in the middle of the film a bulk-like layer should be expected. Thirdly, for polymers having non-repulsive interactions with the substrate an irreversibly adsorbed layer is expected to be formed. Due the adsorption the molecular mobility of the segments in this layer is slowed down. What is measured for the glass transition of thin films is a complicated average of all of these effects. The different layers are hardly to address separately. Therefore, in the presentation especially model systems are selected and investigated to verify the layer model. T2 - Kolloquiumsvortrag and der Universität des Saarlandes CY - Saarbrücken, Gemany DA - 20.11.2018 KW - Thin polymer films PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46692 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobol, Oded T1 - Hydrogen assisted cracking phenomena in duplex stainless steels elucidated by in- and ex-situ ToF-SIMS experiments N2 - In the presented research, the high potential and abilities of secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to detect and locally map the hydrogen distribution in two types of duplex stainless steels are shown. The research validates certain proposed mechanisms by combining ToF-SIMS with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and electron-backscattered diffraction. The combination of data from several techniques on the same region was conducted in this field for the first time by applying data treatment of the ToF-SIMS raw data and data fusion approach. This powerful combination of methods allows reviewing of the occurring processes related to hydrogen assisted cracking. The step beyond the state of the art in this field was gained here by developing permeation and mechanical loading experiments within the ToF-SIMS during chemometric imaging of the hydrogen distribution in the microstructure. The research presents the necessary correlation between the hydrogen distribution and the resulted structural changes, the diffusion behavior in a duplex microstructure and stress induced diffusion of hydrogen by applying external load at the microscale. T2 - 6th WMRIF Early Career Scientist Summit CY - NPL Teddington UK DA - 18.06.2018 KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Duplex stainless steel KW - LDX KW - EBSD KW - Data-fusion PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46865 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobol, Oded A1 - Böllinghaus, Thomas T1 - BAM’s role in materials science and hydrogen in metals: TOF-SIMS imaging N2 - Due to its low mass and high diffusivity in presence of compositional, thermal and mechanical gradients, hydrogen within a metallic microstructure can result in severe loss in ductility even at low concentrations and might lead eventually to a catastrophic and unpredictable failure of structural components during service. In this context, hydrogen mapping at the microscale is still considered among the most important challenges on the pathway towards a better understanding of the hydrogen transport and assisted cracking phenomena in metals, specifically in structural components, e.g. steels. Among the very few available techniques to localize hydrogen at the microscale, Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was proven to be a reliable tool. Based on the assumption that deuterium influence the microstructure similarly to hydrogen, in the following contribution ToF-SIMS was applied as the main technique to detect and locally map the deuterium distribution in several alloys: lean 2101 and standard 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS), AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel and titanium 6Al-4V alloy. These alloys were selected as case studies in this work due to the wide use of them in many applications and environments which frequently provide critical conditions for hydrogen absorption and assisted degradation. The innovative design of in-situ and ex-situ experiments enabled us to elucidate the permeation, transport and trapping of deuterium in the microstructure in sub-micron resolution for the first time. In addition to the novel experimental setups, further progress was gained by applying computational multivariate data analysis (MVA) on the raw data and data fusion with high resolution structural characterization methods (scanning electron microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction – SEM/EBSD). This combination allowed us to correlate the deuterium distribution and the influence on the microstructure. T2 - 4th Symposium on Innovative Measurement and Analysis for Structural Materials CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 13.11.2018 KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Duplex stainless steel KW - Austenitic stainless steel KW - Principal Component Analysis KW - Data-fusion PY - 2018 UR - https://unit.aist.go.jp/tia-co/project/SIP-IMASM/sympo/2018/index.html AN - OPUS4-46867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Mechanistic investigations of mechanosyntheses N2 - Mechanochemistry is a fast and efficient method applicable for the synthesis of new organic, metal-organic, and inorganic compounds. The direct monitoring of milling reactions is still challenging. The underlying reaction mechanisms often remain unclear. In the last years, we have established a tandem in situ approach for investigating mechanochemical reactions using time-resolved in situ XRD coupled with Raman spectroscopy. A further development is the in situ coupling of synchrotron XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and thermography allowing the observation of mechanochemical reactions in real time. [5] Information on the crystalline, molecular, and temperature state of the materials during grinding could be collected. The chemical composition of the reaction mixture was found to be directly correlated with changes in the temperature profile of the reaction. Furthermore, the presented setup allows the detection of crystalline, amorphous, eutectic as well as liquid intermediates. Based on these data, metastable polymorphs of cocrystals and coordination polymorphs could be isolated and struc-turally characterized. A multi-step diffusion mechanism was identified for most systems. Crystalline phases were obtained intermediately, suggesting that the synthesis is following Ostwald’s rules of stages. The resulting deeper kinetic and thermodynamic understanding of milling processes is the key for future optimization of mechanochemical syntheses. T2 - Beilstein Symposium MECHANOCHEMISTRY: MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC ASPECTS CY - Rüdesheim, Germany DA - 13.11.2018 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Phosphonates KW - In situ PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46758 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinrich, Thomas T1 - BAM and Division 6.1 N2 - This is a short overview of BAM and Division 6.1. We have insight into BAM's roles and responsibilities and the work we are doing in Division 6.1. T2 - Visit at CSEM Landquart CY - Landquart, Switzerland DA - 13.08.2018 KW - ToF-SIMS KW - AES KW - XPS KW - SEM PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Kjaervik, Marit T1 - New work item proposal for a technical report for ISO/TC 201 WG 4 “Surface characterization of biomaterials”: Surface chemical analysis – Surface chemical analysis of cells and biofilms N2 - The proposed ISO Technical Report provides a description of a variety of physical methods of analytical chemistry by which bacteria and biofilms can be analysed. The state of the art, sample requirements and strengths associated with each method are identified. T2 - 27th Plenary Meeting of ISO/TC 201 CY - Cancun, Mexico DA - 2018-09-20 KW - Surface chemical analysis of biofilms KW - XPS KW - Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy KW - 3D nano SIMS KW - Raman-spectroscopy PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46214 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -