TY - JOUR A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos A1 - Hicke, Konstantin A1 - Wosniok, Aleksander A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Distributed humidity fiber-optic sensor based on BOFDA using a simple machine learning approach N2 - We report, to our knowledge for the first time, on distributed relative humidity sensing in silica polyimide-coated optical fibers using Brillouin optical frequency domain analysis (BOFDA). Linear regression, which is a simple and well-interpretable algorithm in machine learning and statistics, is utilized. The algorithm is trained using as features the Brillouin frequency shifts and linewidths of the fiber’s multipeak Brillouin spectrum. To assess and improve the effectiveness of the regression algorithm, we make use of machine learning concepts to estimate the model’s uncertainties and select the features that contribute most to the model’s performance. In addition to relative humidity, the model is also able to simultaneously provide distributed temperature information addressing the well-known cross-sensitivity effects. KW - Fiber optics sensors KW - Machine learning KW - Brillouin distributed sensing KW - Humidity sensing KW - Simultaneous temperature and humidity sensing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-546294 DO - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.453906 VL - 30 IS - 8 SP - 12484 EP - 12494 PB - OPTICA AN - OPUS4-54629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos A1 - Hicke, Konstantin A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Temperature and humidity discrimination in Brillouin distributed fiber optic sensing using machine learning algorithms N2 - In the last few years, the use of machine learning has emerged in the field of distributed fiber optic sensors as a promising approach to enhance their performance and provide new capabilities. In this study, we use machine learning for simultaneous measurements of temperature and humidity in polyimide (PI)-coated optical fibers based on Brillouin Brillouin optical frequency domain analysis (BOFDA). Different non-linear machine learning algorithms are employed, namely polynomial regression, decision trees and artificial neural networks (ANNs), and their discrimination performance is benchmarked against that of the conventional linear regression. The performance is evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation to ensure that the models are reliable and able to generalize well on new data. We show that nonlinear machine learning algorithms outperform the conventional linear regression and thus could pave the way towards simultaneous cost-effective temperature and humidity distributed sensing, which has the potential to find attractive new applications in the field of civil and geotechnical engineering, from structural health monitoring of dikes and bridges to subsea cables and long pipelines corrosion detection. T2 - SPIE Photonics Europe CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 03.04.2022 KW - Distributed Brillouin sensing KW - Machine learning KW - Artificial neural networks KW - Humidity sensing KW - Simultaneous temperature and humidity sen PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wander, Lukas A1 - Lommel, Lukas A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Paul, Andrea T1 - Development of a low-cost method for quantifying microplastics in soils and compost using near-infrared spectroscopy N2 - Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a promising candidate for low-cost, nondestructive, and high-throughput mass quantification of micro¬plastics in environmental samples. Widespread application of the technique is currently hampered mainly by the low sensitivity of NIR spectroscopy compared to thermo-analytical approaches commonly used for this type of analysis. This study shows how the application of NIR spectroscopy for mass quantification of microplastics can be extended to smaller analyte levels by combining it with a simple and rapid microplastic enrichment protocol. For this purpose, the widely used flotation of microplastics in a NaCl solution, accelerated by centrifugation, was chosen which allowed to remove up to 99 % of the matrix at recovery rates of 83–104 %. The spectroscopic measurements took place directly on the stainless-steel filters used to collect the extracted particles to reduce sample handling to a minimum. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were used to identify and quantify the extracted microplastics in the mass range of 1–10 mg. The simple and fast extraction procedure was systematically optimized to meet the requirements for the quantification of microplastics from common PE-, PP-, and PS-based packaging materials with a particle size < 1 mm found in compost or soils with high natural organic matter content (> 10 % determined by loss on ignition). Microplastics could be detected in model samples at a mass fraction of 1 mg g-1. The detectable microplastic mass fraction is about an order of magnitude lower compared to previous studies using NIR spectroscopy without additional enrichment. To emphasize the cost-effectiveness of the method, it was implemented using some of the cheapest and most compact NIR spectrometers available. KW - NIR KW - Soil KW - compost KW - PLSR PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-546405 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac5e5f SN - 0957-0233 VL - 33 IS - 7 SP - 075801 EP - 075814 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd. CY - UK AN - OPUS4-54640 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dariz, P. A1 - Wortmann, U. G. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Schmid, Thomas T1 - Beautiful Pietàs in South Tyrol (Northern Italy): local or imported works of art? N2 - The study, dedicated to Beautiful Pietàs conserved in South Tyrol (Northern Italy), aims to establish, for the first time, a connection between Austroalpine raw materials and the high-fired gypsum mortars constituting the Gothic figure groups in question. The origin and chronology of this stylistically and qualitatively differing ensemble have been subject of art historical debate for nearly a century. The discourse is dominated by three main hypotheses: itinerary of an Austrian artist versus itinerary of the work of art created in an artist’s workshop in Austria versus itinerary of the stylistic vocabulary via graphical or three-dimensional models. The comparison of the δ34S values and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the gypsum mortars and Austroalpine sulphate deposits (in a compilation of own reference samples and literature data) points to the exploitation of sediments in the Salzkammergut and possibly also in the evaporite district of the Eastern Calcareous Alps, thus evidencing the import of the sculptures and not the activities of local South Tyrolean or itinerant artists. Two geochronological units are distinguishable: The Pietà in the Church St. Martin in Göflan can be assigned to Upper Permian raw material, whereas the metrologically consistent sculptures in the Church of Our Lady of the Benedictine Abbey Marienberg and in the Chapel St. Ann in Mölten correlate with deposits of the Early Triassic (or the Lower-Middle Triassic transition). The medieval gypsum mortars also differ in their mineralogical characteristics, i.e. in their geologically related minor components, as in the first case, characterised by a significant proportion of primary anhydrite, natural carbonate impurities mainly consist of calcite (partly converted to lime-lump-like aggregates), whereas in the second group dolomite (or rather its hydration products after pyrometamorphic decomposition) predominates, accompanied by celestine, quartz and potassium feldspar. The Pietà in the Cathedral Maria Himmelfahrt in Bozen turned out to be made of Breitenbrunn calcareous sandstone (Leitha Mountains, Burgenland, Austria), which is why the sample is not considered in the geochemical analysis. KW - High-fired gypsum mortar KW - Sulphur isotope KW - Strontium isotope KW - Polarised light microscopy KW - Raman microspectroscopy PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545610 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00678-6 SN - 2050-7445 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-54561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falqueto, J. B. A1 - Clark, A. H. A1 - Štefančič, A. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Vaz, C. A. F. A1 - Schuler, A. J. A1 - Bocchi, N. A1 - Kazzi, M. E. T1 - High performance doped Li-rich Li1+xMn2–xO4 cathodes nanoparticles synthesized by facile, fast, and efficient microwave-assisted hydrothermal route N2 - Li-rich nanoparticles of Li1+xMn2–xO4 doped with Al, Co, or Ni are successfully synthesized using a facile, fast, and efficient microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of the crystalline cubic spinel phase type. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis at the Co and Ni K- and L-edges verifies that the dopants are within the Li1+xMn2–xO4 spinel structure and are inactive during cycling in the bulk and at the surface. Moreover, we demonstrate that nanocrystallinity and cationic doping play an important role in improving the electrochemical performance with respect to LiMn2O4 microparticles. They significantly reduce the charge-transfer resistance, lower the first cycle irreversible capacity loss to 6%, and achieve a capacity retention between 85 and 90% after 380 cycles, with excellent Coulombic efficiency close to 99% without compromising the specific charge at a 5C cycling rate. Furthermore, the Mn K- and L-edges attest that after long cycling, the Mn oxidation state in the bulk differs from that at the surface caused by the Mn disproportion reaction; however, the cationic doping helps mitigate the Mn dissolution with respect to the undoped Li1+xMn2–xO4 nanoparticles, as indicated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. KW - XAS KW - SAXS KW - Li-ion battery KW - Cathode material KW - Spinel KW - The MOUSE PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c00902 SN - 2574-0962 VL - 5 IS - 7 SP - 8357 EP - 8370 PB - ACS Publ. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-55359 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Ireland - A QI-FoKuS study N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Ireland. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on Irish CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Digitalization KW - Testing KW - Laboratory KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Digital transformation KW - TIC KW - Conformity assessment body KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554877 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55487 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Germany - A QI-FoKuS study T1 - Digitalisierung in der Konformitätsbewertung in Deutschland - Eine QI-FoKuS-Studie N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Germany. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on German CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). N2 - Dieser Bericht fasst die Ergebnisse der ersten umfassenden Studie zur Digitalisierung der Konformitätsbewertung in Deutschland zusammen. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf Daten einer Umfrage unter Konformitätsbewertungsstellen (KBS), die 2022 durchgeführt wurde. Sie beleuchten den digitalen Reifegrad der Organisationen, die Motive, Vorteile und Hindernisse der digitalen Transformation sowie die aktuellen Technologietrends. Die Studie zu KBS in Deutschland ist Teil eines globalen Projekts, das verschiedene andere Länder umfasst (siehe www.qi-fokus.de). KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Digitalization KW - Testing KW - Conformity assessment KW - Certification KW - Laboratory KW - Digital transformation KW - TIC KW - Conformity assessment body KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Corona KW - Digitalisierung KW - Kalibrierung KW - Konformitätsbewertung KW - Konformitätsbewertungsstelle KW - Labor KW - Prüfung KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Zertifizierung KW - Digitale Transformation PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554885 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55488 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mani, Deepak A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Diffraction Enhanced Imaging Analysis with Pseudo-Voigt Fit Function N2 - Diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) is an advanced digital radiographic imaging technique employing the refraction of X-rays to contrast internal interfaces. This study aims at qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating images acquired using this technique and to assess how different fitting functions to the typical rocking curves (RCs) influence the quality of images. RCs are obtained for every image pixel. This allows the separate determination of the absorption and the refraction properties of the material in a position-sensitive manner. Comparison of various types of fitting functions reveals that the Pseudo-Voigt (PsdV) function is best suited to fit typical RCs. A robust algorithm was developed in the Python programming language, which reliably extracts the physically meaningful information from each pixel of the image. We demonstrate the potential of the algorithm with two specimens: a silicone gel specimen that has well-defined interfaces, and an additively manufactured polycarbonate specimen. KW - Diffraction Enhanced Imaging KW - Analyzer-Based Imaging KW - X-ray refraction KW - Non-Destructive Evaluation KW - Pseudo-Voigt fit function KW - Python PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-553791 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8080206 SN - 2313-433X VL - 8 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-55379 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ecke, Alexander A1 - Bohm, Konrad A1 - Bell, Jérémy A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - An Immunosensor for Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Water Supply N2 - Contamination of drinking water with pharmaceuticals is an emerging problem and a potential health threat. Immunochemical methods based on the binding of the analyte to specific antibodies enable fast & cost-effective on-site analyses. Magnetic bead-based immunoassays (MBBAs) allow for implementation into an immunosensor for online testing. Particles are prepared by either coupling the analyte molecule (diclofenac) or the respective antibody (amoxicillin) to the surface. For miniaturization, detection is performed electrochemically (chronoamperometry) on a microfluidic chip. The developed immunosensor will enable detection of pharmaceuticals directly in water supply pipes. T2 - Analytica Conference CY - München, Germany DA - 21.06.2022 KW - Immunosensor KW - Magnetic Particles KW - Microfluidics KW - Amperometry KW - Diclofenac KW - Amoxicillin PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55381 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Metrologie für fortschrittliche Wasserstoffspeicherlösungen – Das EU-Projekt MefHySto T1 - Metrology for advanced hydrogen storage solutions – The EU project MefHySto N2 - Das europäische Projekt MefHySto befasst sich mit dem Bedarf an großmaßstäblichen Energiespeichern, die für eine Umstellung der Energieversorgung auf erneuerbare Energien erforderlich sind. Eine solche Speicherung ist entscheidend, um Energie zu Spitzenzeiten zu liefern, wenn die erneuerbaren Energiequellen schwanken. Eine mögliche Lösung für die Energiespeicherung ist der großtechnische Einsatz von Wasserstoff. Die messtechnische Rückführbarkeit in der Energieinfrastruktur für die Wasserstoffspeicherung ist dann von entscheidender Bedeutung und eine bessere Kenntnis der chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Wasserstoff sowie rückführbare Messungen und validierte Techniken unverzichtbar. N2 - The European project MefHySto addresses the need of large-scale energy storage, which is required for a shift to renewable energy supply. Such storage is mandatory to supply energy at peak times when renewable sources fluctuate. A possible solution for energy storage is large-scale use of hydrogen. Metrological traceability in the energy infrastructure for hydrogen storage is then crucial and a better knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of hydrogen as well as traceable measurements and validated techniques are indispensable. KW - Wasserstoff KW - Wasserstoffspeicher KW - Infrastruktur KW - Metrologie KW - PEM-Wasserelektrolyse KW - Rückverstromung KW - Lastwechsel KW - Wasserstoff-Qualität PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556451 UR - https://gwf-gas.de/forschung-entwicklung/metrologie-fuer-fortschrittliche-wasserstoffspeicherloesungen-das-eu-projekt-mefhysto/ SN - 2366-9594 VL - 163 IS - 9 SP - 38 EP - 45 PB - Vulkan Verlag CY - Essen AN - OPUS4-55645 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pütz, E. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Jegel, O. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Tremel, W. T1 - Tuning ceria catalysts in aqueous media at the nanoscale: how do surface charge and surface defects determine peroxidase- and haloperoxidase-like reactivity N2 - Designing the shape and size of catalyst particles, and their interfacial charge, at the nanometer scale can radically change their performance. We demonstrate this with ceria nanoparticles. In aqueous media, nanoceria is a functional mimic of haloperoxidases, a group of enzymes that oxidize organic substrates, or of peroxidases that can degrade reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 by oxidizing an organic substrate. We show that the chemical activity of CeO2−x nanoparticles in haloperoxidase- and peroxidaselike reactions scales with their active surface area, their surface charge, given by the ζ-potential, and their surface defects (via the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio). Haloperoxidase-like reactions are controlled through the ζ-potential as they involve the adsorption of charged halide anions to the CeO2 surface, whereas peroxidase-like reactions without charged substrates are controlled through the specific surface area SBET. Mesoporous CeO2−x particles, with large surface areas, were prepared via template-free hydrothermal reactions and characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering. Surface area, ζ-potential and the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio are controlled in a simple and predictable manner by the synthesis time of the hydrothermal reaction as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, sorption and ζ-potential measurements. The surface area increased with synthesis time, whilst the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio scales inversely with decreasing ζ-potential. In this way the catalytic activity of mesoporous CeO2−x particles could be tailored selectively for haloperoxidase- and peroxidase-like reactions. The ease of tuning the surface properties of mesoporous CeO2x particles by varying the synthesis time makes the synthesis a powerful general tool for the preparation of nanocatalysts according to individual needs. KW - SAXS KW - Ceria KW - Zeta potential PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR03172H SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-55649 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moufid, M. A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - El Bari, N. A1 - Hamada, D. A. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Bouchikhi, B. T1 - Pollution parameters evaluation of wastewater collected at different treatment stages from wastewater treatment plant based on E-nose and E-tongue systems combined with chemometric techniques N2 - Wastewater contains harmful chemicals and heavy metals that are known to cause various environmental and health problems. Therefore, the water quality control using sensitive, simple, fast, accurate, and portable tools is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the pollution parameters of wastewaters collected at different treatment stages from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that treats domestic and industrial wastewaters by using an electronic nose (E-nose) and a voltammetric electronic tongue (E-tongue) combined with chemometric techniques. Water and wastewater pollution parameters determination were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for the determination of cations, and anions by using ion chromatography. Chemometric techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), were used to process the E-nose and E-tongue datasets to describe the similarities between the samples. In addition, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model was constructed using electronic sensing data to simultaneously predict the concentration values of physicochemical parameters. The obtained correlation coefficient, for training and testing sets, is higher than 0.91 for the prediction of the concentration of all physicochemical parameters, except for iron (Fe) which remains 0.84. These results suggest that simple, portable, and inexpensive tools such as electronic nose and tongue are suitable for wastewater analysis. KW - Wastewater KW - Electronic nose KW - Voltammetric electronic tongue KW - Water quality control KW - Chemometric techniques KW - Gas sensing PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2022.104593 VL - 227 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-55652 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Gawek, M. A1 - Madkour, S. A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Omar, Hassan A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Energy-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements on the concentration profile of thin blended poly(vinyl methyl ether)/polystyrene films N2 - The composition of thin films of polymer blends in vertical direction is still under discussion. For explaining the thickness dependence of some properties like the thermal glass transition temperature, a three-layer model has been introduced consisting of an adsorbed layer with a reduced segmental mobility at the substrate, a bulk-like layer in the middle of the film and an outermost surface layer with a higher molecular mobility. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ER-XPS) measurements with a varying excitation energy from 400 eV to 1486.6 eV and, herewith, an information depth from 1.5 nm to 10 nm were performed at PVME/PS films with compositions of 25/75 wt% and 50/50 wt% and thicknesses between 15 nm and 190 nm. As expected, it was found that the PVME concentration decreases with increasing information depth. Secondly, a complex correlation between the PVME concentration at the surface and the film thickness was found. The PVME concentration increases with decreasing film thickness until a maximum at 30 nm. For thinner films, the PVME concentration decreases. These data agree with previous investigations obtained with specific heat spectroscopy. We thank BESSY II (HZB) for the allocation of beamtime at the HE-SGM beamline and for technical support. DFG (Project number 124846229) is acknowledged for financial support. T2 - German Conference for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons and Ion Beams at Large Facilities (SNI2022) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.09.2022 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Miscible polymer films KW - Depth profiling PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55654 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Braml, T. T1 - On the Treatment of Measurement Uncertainty in Stochastic Modeling N2 - Measurement uncertainty calculations in stochastic moddeling of time-independent, NDT-based random variables to be used in refined assessment of existing structures T2 - International Probabilistic Workshop 2022 (IPW2022) CY - Stellenbosch, South Africa DA - 08.09.2022 KW - Reliability KW - Assessment KW - Existing structures KW - Measurement uncertainty PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55657 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Braml, T. ED - Sykora, M. ED - Lenner, R. ED - de Koker, N. T1 - On the Treatment of Measurement Uncertainty in Stochastic Modeling of Basic Variables N2 - The acquisition and appropriate processing of relevant information about the considered system remains a major challenge in assessment of existing structures. Both the values and the validity of computed results such as failure probabilities essentially depend on the quantity and quality of the incorporated knowledge. One source of information are onsite measurements of structural or material characteristics to be modeled as basic variables in reliability assessment. The explicit use of (quantitative) measurement results in assessment requires the quantification of the quality of the measured information, i.e., the uncertainty associated with the information acquisition and processing. This uncertainty can be referred to as measurement uncertainty. Another crucial aspect is to ensure the comparability of the measurement results.This contribution attempts to outline the necessity and the advantages of measurement uncertainty calculations in modeling of measurement data-based random variables to be included in reliability assessment. It is shown, how measured data representing time-invariant characteristics, in this case non-destructively measured inner geometrical dimensions, can be transferred into measurement results that are both comparable and quality-evaluated. The calculations are based on the rules provided in the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). The GUM-framework is internationally accepted in metrology and can serve as starting point for the appropriate processing of measured data to be used in assessment. In conclusion, the effects of incorporating the non-destructively measured data into reliability analysis are presented using a prestressed concrete bridge as case-study. T2 - International Probabilistic Workshop 2022 (IPW2022) CY - Stellenbosch, South Africa DA - 09.09.2022 KW - Reliability KW - Assessment KW - Existing structures KW - Measurement uncertainty PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556580 DO - https://doi.org/10.14311/APP.2022.36.0109 SN - 2336-5382 VL - 36 SP - 109 EP - 118 PB - Czech Technical University CY - Prague AN - OPUS4-55658 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana T1 - Wie steht es um die Digitalisierung in Prüflaboratorien in Deutschland? Einblicke aus der QI-FoKuS-Studie N2 - Im Vortrag werden Erkenntnisse aus einer Umfrage unter deutschen Konformitätsbewertungsstellen (KBS) zum Stand der digitalen Transformation vorgestellt, inkl. deren digitaler Reifegrad, Vorteile und Hindernisse sowie aktuelle Technologietrends. T2 - Forum Akkreditierung CY - Online meeting DA - 06.09.2022 KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Digitalisierung KW - Prüflaboratorien KW - Konformitätsbewertung KW - Prüfung KW - digitale Transformation KW - Digitaler Reifegrad PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55634 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Claudia T1 - Vertrauen in Qualität und Sicherheit in der Digitalisierung. QI-Digital: Eine Initiative der zentralen Akteure der Qualitätsinfrastruktur in Deutschland N2 - „Made in Germany“ steht für Vertrauen in Qualität und Sicherheit, das auch in der digitalen und grünen Transformation gelten soll.  In einer zunehmend digitalisierten Welt muss auch die Qualitätssicherung von Produkten, Prozessen und Dienstleistungen neu gedacht werden. Ziel der Initiative QI-Digital ist es, die bewährte Qualitätsinfrastruktur (QI) noch besser zu machen. Für eine moderne und effiziente Qualitätssicherung. Die zentralen Akteure der deutschen QI haben sich in QI-Digital zusammengeschlossen, um konkrete Lösungen für innovative Anwendungsfälle zu entwickeln. Dabei ist ein ganzheitlicher und praxisbezogener Ansatz wichtig, in dem ein weiter Kreis interessierter Stakeholder aktiv eingebunden wird. Im Kurzvortrag wird die Initiative, inkl. ihrer Akteure, Ziele, Projekte und Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten vorgestellt. T2 - Treffen BDI Arbeitskreis Technikpolitik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.09.2022 KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Digitalisierung KW - Wasserstofftankstelle KW - Additive Fertigung KW - QI-Cloud KW - digitale Transformation PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55635 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Schönsee, Eric A1 - Jeyifous, Olubunni Anthony A1 - Mezhov, Alexander A1 - Hüsken, Götz T1 - Introduction of a monitoring system for Bingham fluids in additive manufacturing with concrete N2 - Freeform additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a rising technology in civil engineering with several fascinating advantages. Nonetheless, to ensure reliability and structural integrity, standards and quality control are required in the future to bring this technology into the market. As the concrete is manufactured continuously, continuous quality control of the printing process is also required, i.e. comprehensive process monitoring. At BAM, a test rig will be installed, enabling the printing of concrete structures with a maximum size of 2 m x 1 m x 1 m (l x w x h). Here, process monitoring is the focus of the test rig. In this study, we show the results of the first pump tests, including the measurement of several parameters such as temperature and pressure along the supply system, i.e. from the concrete pump to the printer head. T2 - NDT-CE 2022 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Additive manufacturing of concrete KW - Process monitoring KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Bingham fluid PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556367 SP - 1 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-55636 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Schönsee, Eric A1 - Jeyifous, Olubunmi Anthony A1 - Mezhov, Alexander A1 - Hüsken, Götz T1 - Introduction of a monitoring system for Bingham fluids in additive manufacturing with concrete N2 - Freeform additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a rising technology in civil engineering with several fascinating advantages. Nonetheless, to ensure reliability and structural integrity, standards and quality control are required in the future to bring this technology into the market. As the concrete is manufactured continuously, continuous quality control of the printing process is also required, i.e. comprehensive process monitoring. At BAM, a test rig will be installed, enabling the printing of concrete structures with a maximum size of 2 m x 1 m x 1 m (l x w x h). Here, process monitoring is the focus of the test rig. In this study, we show the results of the first pump tests, including the measurement of several parameters such as temperature and pressure along the supply system, i.e. from the concrete pump to the printer head. T2 - NDT-CE 2022 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Additive manufacturing of concrete KW - Process monitoring KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Bingham fluid PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55637 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on accredited conformity assessment bodies: insights from a multinational study N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic posed new and manifold challenges to organizations and their operations worldwide. Conformity assessment bodies (CABs), such as testing or medical laboratories, certification, and inspection bodies, were also affected by the associated disruptions. Their role in this crisis is highly relevant, as CABs are essential pillars of the quality infrastructure: their activities ensure that products and services meet requirements as defined in standards and regulations, thereby contributing to their safety and reliability. The question arises of how CABs and their operations were affected by the pandemic and how they responded. To this end, we present the results of an international survey of 986 CABs of all types in Germany, the UK, Italy, and New Zealand. Overall, CABs reported, on average, a reduction in demand for their services during the pandemic, facing restrictions in all countries. In addition, the pandemic had an overall negative impact on the CABs’ investment and innovation activities. However, investments in digital infrastructure were increased as a countermeasure, with CABs reporting a higher need for digitalization. The paper highlights and discusses results from in-depth analyses relevant to policymakers and industry alike. KW - Quality Infrastructure KW - Digitalization KW - Testing laboratories KW - Conformity assessment KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Corona KW - Covid-19 KW - Resilience PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556396 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-022-01514-x SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-55639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Brazil - A QI-FoKuS study N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Brazil. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on Brazilian CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556330 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Oelze, Marcus A1 - Rosner, M. A1 - Rienitz, O. T1 - Isotope reference materials N2 - The variation of isotope ratios is increasingly used to unravel natural and technical questions. In the past, the investigation and interpretation of such variations was the field of a limited number of experts. With new upcoming techniques and research topics in the last decades, such as provenance or food authenticity studies, the number of published isotope data strongly increased. Instrumental developments such as the enhancement of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (ICP-MS) from an instrument for simple quantitative analysis to highly sophisticated isotope ratio machines influenced this process significantly. While in former times only experts in mass spectrometry were able to produce reliable isotope data, nowadays many laboratories, never been in touch with mass spectrometry before, produce isotope data with an ICP-MS. Isotope reference materials (iCRM) are indispensable to enable a reliable method validation or in rare cases even SI-traceability. The fast development and the broad availability of ICP-MS also lead to an expansion of the classical research areas and new elements are under investigation. Irrespective of the investigated element or the knowledge of the user all isotope ratio applications require reference materials either for correction of instrumental isotope fractionation, for method validation or to provide a common accepted basis as needed for delta measurements. This presentation will outline the basic principles and illustrate the urgent need for new iCRMs. Consequently, the production and certification of iCRMs will be discussed and illustrated by examples of already completed certification projects. Finally, plans for future iCRMs to be produced at BAM will be presented. T2 - ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen 2022 CY - Leoben, Austria DA - 05.09.2022 KW - Absolute isotope ratio KW - Traceability KW - Metrology KW - Comparability KW - Uncertainty KW - Isotope reference materials KW - Delta scale PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kazlagic, Anera A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Rosner, M. A1 - Cipriani, A. A1 - Frick, D. A. A1 - Glodny, J. A1 - Hoffmann, J. E. A1 - Hora, J. M. A1 - Irrgeher, J. A1 - Lugli, F. A1 - Magna, T. A1 - Meisel, T. C. A1 - Meixner, A. A1 - Possolo, A. A1 - Pramann, A. A1 - Pribil, M. A1 - Prohaska, T. A1 - Retzmann, A. A1 - Rienitz, O. A1 - Rutherford, D. A1 - Paula-Santos, G. A1 - Tatzel, M. A1 - Widhalm, S. A1 - Willbold, M. A1 - Zuliani, T. T1 - Investigating the differences in 87Sr/ 86Sr isotope ratio measurements between MC-ICP-MS and MC-TIMS in cement RMs N2 - Thirteen laboratories participated in an international interlaboratory comparison for the determination of 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in four cement reference materials (RM) using the conventional method for 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios analyses. Sample dissolution and Sr isolation via ion exchange chromatography were required since the cement samples were distributed as powders. Analytical preparation included the use of various digestion methods including mixed mineral acids, microwave/acid, bomb/acid digestion or borate fusion, followed by Sr separation using ion exchange chromatography. In this study, we evaluated whether any statistically significant differences were attributable to instrumental differences (i.e., MC-ICP-MS and MC-TIMS), or to laboratory-specific techniques (different sample preparation techniques, Sr isolation and the procedures for correcting the data outputs). To evaluate these effects, consensus values for cement RMs and associated standard uncertainties were estimated by fitting a linear, Gaussian mixed effects model using the R function “lmer” defined in package “lme4”. No statistically significant effects (SSE) attributable to instrumental differences regardless of whether the materials are considered together or separately were evident. There were SSE attributable to differences between laboratories for three cement RMs when the individual cements were considered separately. Since consideration or disregard for such differences does not induce significant changes in the estimate of the consensus values for the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in cement RMs, these effects can safely be neglected when calculating the best estimates for the true values of 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in these RMs. T2 - ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen 2022 CY - Leoben, Austria DA - 05.09.2022 KW - Conventional isotope ratio KW - Reference material KW - Metrology KW - Traceability KW - Uncertainty PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55682 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Micro Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation N2 - What is meant by ‘Micro Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation’? This was the central subject of debate in this Special Issue. At present, sub-millimeter-size components or even assemblies are pervading the industrial and scientific world. Classic examples are electronic devices and watches (as well as parts thereof), but recent examples encompass additively manufactured lattice structures, stents, or other microparts. Moreover, most assemblies contain micro-components. Testing such components or their miniaturized parts would fit well within the topic of micro non-destructive testing and evaluation. In all cases, performance and integrity testing, quality control, and dimensional tolerances need to be measured at the sub-millimeter level (ideally with a spatial resolution of about a micron); most of the time, such features and components are embedded in much larger assemblies, which also need to be taken into account. The solution to this dilemma (i.e. measuring large parts with high resolution) depends on the part and on the problem under consideration. Another possible definition of micro non-destructive testing and evaluation can relate to the characterization of micro-features (e.g., the microstructure) in much larger specimens, such as damage in concrete cores or porosity in additively manufactured components. A further aspect is the use of microscopic probes to evaluate macroscopic properties. This is the case, for instance but not at all exclusively, in the use of diffraction techniques to determine macroscopic stress. The splits between testing and characterization at the micro-level (or of micro parts) from one side and handling of macroscopic assemblies on the other represent a great challenge for many fields of materials characterization. On top of that, including the use of microscopic methods to test integrity would add a further level of complexity. Imaging, mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, measurement of properties, structural health monitoring, and dimensional metrology all need to be re-defined if we want to cope with the multi-faceted topic of micro non-destructive testing and evaluation. The challenge has already been accepted by the scientific and engineering communities for a while but is still far from being universally tackled. This Special Issue yields an interesting answer to the questions posed above. It presents the progress made and the different aspects of the challenge as well as at indicates the paths for the future of NDT&E. KW - Ultrasound KW - Materials Characterization KW - Residual Stress KW - Thermography Computed KW - Tomography KW - Non-destructive Testing KW - Magnetic Methods PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556849 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175923 VL - 15 IS - 17 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-55684 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diewald, F. A1 - Epple, Niklas A1 - Kraenkel, T. A1 - Gehlen, C. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Impact of External Mechanical Loads on Coda Waves in Concrete N2 - During their life span, concrete structures interact with many kinds of external mechanical loads. Most of these loads are considered in advance and result in reversible deformations. Nevertheless, some of the loads cause irreversible, sometimes unnoticed changes below the macroscopic scale depending on the type and dimension of the impact. As the functionality of concrete structures is often relevant to safety and society, their condition must be known and, therefore, assessed on a regular basis. Out of the spectrum of non-destructive monitoring methods, Coda Wave Interferometry using embedded ultrasonic sensors is one particularly sensitive technique to evaluate changes to heterogeneous media. However, there are various influences on Coda waves in concrete, and the interpretation of their superimposed effect is ambiguous. In this study, we quantify the relations of uniaxial compression and uniaxial tension on Coda waves propagating in normal concrete. We found that both the signal correlation of ultrasonic signals as well as their velocity variation directly reflect the stress change in concrete structures in a laboratory environment. For the linear elastic range up to 30% of the strength, we calculated a velocity variation of −0.97‰/MPa for compression and 0.33%/MPa for tension using linear regression. In addition, these parameters revealed even weak irreversible changes after removal of the load. Furthermore, we show the time-dependent effects of shrinkage and creep on Coda waves by providing the development of the signal parameters over time during half a year together with creep recovery. Our observations showed that time-dependent material changes must be taken into account for any comparison of ultrasonic signals that are far apart in time. The study’s results demonstrate how Coda Wave Interferometry is capable of monitoring stress changes and detecting even small-size microstructural changes. By indicating the stated relations and their separation from further impacts, e.g., temperature and moisture, we anticipate our study to contribute to the qualification of Coda Wave Interferometry for its application as an early-warning system for concrete structures. KW - Ultrasound KW - Coda Wave Interferometry (CWI) KW - Mechanical Load KW - Microstructure KW - Concrete PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556878 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165482 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 15 IS - 16 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-55687 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Al-Falahat, A M A1 - Kardjilov, N A1 - Woracek, R A1 - Boin, M A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Kuhn, L T A1 - Makowska, M A1 - Strobl, M A1 - Pfretzschner, B A1 - Banhart, J A1 - Manke, I T1 - Temperature dependence in Bragg edge neutron transmission measurements N2 - A systematic study has been carried out to investigate the neutron transmission signal as a function of sample temperature. In particular, the experimentally determined wavelength-dependent neutron attenuation spectra for a martensitic steel at temperatures ranging from 21 to 700°C are compared with simulated data. A theoretical description that includes the Debye–Waller factor in order to describe the temperature influence on the neutron cross sections was implemented in the nxsPlotter software and used for the simulations. The analysis of the attenuation coefficients at varying temperatures shows that the missing contributions due to elastic and inelastic scattering can be clearly distinguished: while the elastically scattered intensities decrease with higher temperatures, the inelastically scattered intensities increase, and the two can be separated from each other by analysing unique sharp features in the form of Bragg edges. This study presents the first systematic approach to quantify this effect and can serve as a basis , for example, to correct measurements taken during in situ heat treatments, in many cases being a prerequisite for obtaining quantifiable results. KW - Neutron Bragg edge imaging KW - Debye–Waller factor KW - Temperature-dependent neutron transmission KW - Super martensitic stainless steel PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556896 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576722006549 VL - 55 IS - Pt 4 SP - 919 EP - 928 PB - International Union of Crystallography AN - OPUS4-55689 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Sintschuk, Michael A1 - Britzke, Ralf A1 - Dayani, Shahabeddin A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Upgraded imaging capabilities at the BAMline (BESSY II) N2 - The BAMline at the BESSY II synchrotron X-ray source has enabled research for more than 20 years in widely spread research fields such as materials science, biology, cultural heritage and medicine. As a nondestructive characterization method, synchrotron X-ray imaging, especially tomography, plays a particularly important role in structural characterization. A recent upgrade of key equipment of the BAMline widens its imaging capabilities: shorter scan acquisition times are now possible, in situ and operando studies can now be routinely performed, and different energy spectra can easily be set up. In fact, the upgraded double-multilayer monochromator brings full flexibility by yielding different energy spectra to optimize flux and energy resolution as desired. The upgraded detector (based on an sCMOS camera) also allows exploiting the higher flux with reduced readout times. Furthermore, an installed slip ring allows the sample stage to continuously rotate. The latter feature enables tomographic observation of processes occurring in the time scale of a few seconds. KW - Synchrotron radiation KW - Computed tomography KW - Double-multilayer monochromators KW - Pink beams KW - X-ray optics PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556907 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577522007342 SN - 1600-5775 VL - 29 IS - Pt 5 SP - 1292 EP - 1298 PB - International Union of Crystallography CY - Chester AN - OPUS4-55690 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. T1 - A Long Way of Plasma Modeling: Personal Experience N2 - Modeling is an important tool for understanding a physical phenomenon. It helps to interpret results of experiments and optimize experimental parameters for obtaining a desirable result. Modeling laser induced plasma is beneficial for many scientific and industrial fields, e.g., analytical chemistry, pulsed laser deposition, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, laser welding, additive manufacturing etc. In this presentation, a personal experience in development of a physical model of laser induced plasma will be given in a chronological sequence starting from early 2000th and until now. Over the time, the model evolved from its simple analytical form that described plasma emission spectra to its current numerical form that describes plasma dynamics, chemistry, and interaction with a substrate surface. Several examples will be given for the application of the model to practical problems such as spectroscopic chemical analysis, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and surface modification by laser ablation. T2 - XII World Conference on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy CY - Bari, Italy DA - 05.09.2022 KW - Laser induced plasma KW - CFD computational fluid dynamic KW - Plasma modeling KW - Plasma chemistry PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55669 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR ED - Resch-Genger, Ute ED - Koch, Matthias ED - Meermann, Björn ED - Weller, Michael G. T1 - Topical collection: Analytical methods and applications in the materials and life sciences N2 - Current trends in materials and life sciences are flanked by the need to push detection limits to single molecules or single cells, enable the characterization of increasingly complex matrices or sophisticated nanostructures, speed up the time of analysis, reduce instrument complexity and costs, and improve the reliability of data. This requires suitable analytical tools such as spectroscopic, separation and imaging techniques, mass spectrometry, and hyphenated techniques as well as sensors and their adaptation to application-specific challenges in the environmental, food, consumer product, health sector, nanotechnology, and bioanalysis. Increasing concerns about health threatening known or emerging pollutants in drinking water, consumer products, and food and about the safety of nanomaterials led to a new awareness of the importance of analytical sciences. Another important driver in this direction is the increasing demand by legislation, particularly in view of the 17 sustainable development goals by the United Nations addressing clean energy, industry, and innovation, sustainable cities, clean water, and responsible consumption and production. In this respect, also the development of analytical methods that enable the characterization of material flows in production processes and support recycling concepts of precious raw materials becomes more and more relevant. In the future, this will provide the basis for greener production in the chemical industry utilizing recycled or sustainable starting materials. This makes analytical chemistry an essential player in terms of the circular economy helping to increase the sustainability of production processes. In the life sciences sector, products based on proteins, such as therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies, increase in importance. These increasingly biotechnologically produced functional biomolecules pose a high level of complexity of matrix and structural features that can be met only by highly advanced methods for separation, characterization, and detection. In addition, metrological traceability and target definition are still significant challenges for the future, particularly in the life sciences. However, innovative reference materials as required for the health and food sector and the characterization of advanced materials can only be developed when suitable analytical protocols are available. The so-called reproducibility crisis in sciences underlines the importance of improved measures of quality control for all kinds of measurements and material characterization. This calls for thorough method validation concepts, suitable reference materials, and regular interlaboratory comparisons of measurements as well as better training of scientists in analytical sciences. The important contribution of analytical sciences to these developments is highlighted by a broad collection of research papers, trend articles, and critical reviews from these different application fields. Special emphasis is dedicated to often-overlooked quality assurance and reference materials. T2 - 150 years BAM: Science with impact CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.01.2021 KW - 150th anniversary KW - ABC KW - Analysis KW - Analytical sciences KW - BAM KW - Collection KW - Environment KW - Fluorescence KW - Life sciences KW - Limit of detection KW - Material sciences KW - Method KW - Nanoparticle KW - Pollutant KW - Quality assurance KW - Reference material KW - Sensor KW - Special issue KW - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung KW - Jahrestag PY - 2022 UR - https://link.springer.com/journal/216/topicalCollection/AC_16a2ef9b81853377e321ef84d9c4a431 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 414 SP - 4267 EP - 4529 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55670 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völker, Tobias A1 - Klewe, Tim A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Application of LIBS to identify construction and demolition waste for circular economy N2 - Responsible treatment of the environment and resources is a key element of sustainability. The building and construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources. Consequently, there is a particular need for regulations and technologies that help to create closed material cycles. From the technological point of view, such efforts are complicated by the growing material diversity and the amount of composites contained in present and future construction and demolition waste (CDW). Nowadays, simple but proven techniques like manual sorting are mainly used. However, this practice not only poses health risks and dangers to the staff performing the work, but also relies on merely obvious, visually striking differences. Automated, sensor-based sorting of these building materials could complement or replace this practice to improve processing speed, recycling rates, sorting quality, and prevailing health conditions. The preliminary results for the identification of a wide variety of building materials with LIBS are presented. T2 - XII Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS 2022) CY - Bari, Italy DA - 04.09.2022 KW - LIBS KW - Construction and demolition waste KW - Circular economy PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55679 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völker, Tobias A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. A1 - Millar, S. A1 - Licht, M. T1 - Interlaboratory comparison for quantitative chlorine analysis in cement pastes with LIBS N2 - Concrete structures often show severe damage during their lifetime. One such damage is pitting corrosion of the steel reinforcement caused by chloride ingress into the porous concrete structure. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising method in civil engineering, which is used for detection of chlorine in concrete structures in addition to conventional methods of wet chemistry. To assess LIBS as a trustful analytical technique, its accuracy and robustness is carefully tested. The presentation will outline the results of the interlaboratory comparison of chlorine quantification in cement paste samples, which was carried out by 12 laboratories in 10 countries. Two sets of samples with chloride content ranging from 0.06-1.95 wt.% in the training set and 0.23-1.51 wt.% in the test sample set (“unknowns”), with additional variations in the type of cement and chlorine source (salt type) were sent to the laboratories. The overall result demonstrates that LIBS is suitable for the quantification of the investigated sample compositions: average relative bias was mostly below 15 %. Considering that the laboratories did not receive instructions on how to perform the analysis or how to process the data, the results can be evaluated as a true status quo of the LIBS technique for this type of analysis. T2 - XII Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS 2022) CY - Bari, Italy DA - 04.09.2022 KW - LIBS KW - Chlorine KW - Cement pastes KW - Interlaboratory comparison PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shaheen, Sabahat T1 - Earthquake Monitoring N2 - A brief introduction of my previous research experince involving design of Photonic Crystal Fiber followed by introduction to my current PhD project at BAM involving earthquake monitoring. First results of my original setup for measuring geometric Phase are included. T2 - Intro to PhD project on Earthquake Monitoring CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.04.2022 KW - Earthquake Monitoring KW - Geometric Phase PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55707 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shaheen, Sabahat T1 - Geometric phase in distributed fiber sensing N2 - Introduction to Geometric Phase in time and space domain. Results showing successful detection of Geometric Phase using a distributed fiber optic sensor setup are presented. T2 - Detecting Geometric Phase CY - Online Meeting DA - 10.05.2022 KW - Coherent Heterodyne KW - Geometric Phase KW - Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55708 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shaheen, Sabahat A1 - Konstantin, Hicke T1 - Measurement of Geometric Phase using a φ-OTDR setup N2 - Geometric phase showing sensitivity to changes in polarisation state (SOP) and intensity of backscattered light is measured using a novel φ-OTDR setup based on coherent heterodyne detection. Principle is demonstrated using a polarisation scrambler inline a fiber-under-test. T2 - 27th Optical Fiber Sensors conference CY - Alexandria, United States DA - 29.08.2022 KW - Coherent Heterodyne KW - Geometric Phase KW - Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55710 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knoche, Lisa A1 - Lisec, Jan A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Analysis of electrochemical and liver microsomal transformation products of lasalocid by LC/HRMS N2 - Rationale: Lasalocid (LAS), an ionophore, is used in cattle and poultry farming as feed additive for its antibiotic and growth-promoting properties. Literature on transformation products (TP) resulting from LAS degradation is limited. So far, only hydroxylation is found to occur as the metabolic reaction during the LAS degradation. To investigate potential TPs of LAS, we used electrochemistry (EC) and liver microsome (LM) assays to synthesize TPs, which were identified using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS). Methods: Electrochemically produced TPs were analyzed online by direct coupling of the electrochemical cell to the electrospray ionization (ESI) source of a Sciex Triple-TOF high resolution mass spectrometer. Then, EC-treated LAS solution was collected and analyzed offline using LC/HRMS to confirm stable TPs and improve their annotation with a chemical structure due to informative MS/MS spectra. In a complementary approach, TPs formed by rat and human microsomal incubation were investigated using LC/HRMS. The resulting data were used to investigate LAS modification reactions and elucidate the chemical structure of obtained TPs. Results: The online measurements identified a broad variety of TPs, resulting from modification reactions like (de-)hydrogenation, hydration, methylation, oxidation as well as adduct formation with methanol. We consistently observed different ion complexations of LAS and LAS-TPs (Na+; 2Na+ K+; NaNH4 +; KNH4 +). Two stable methylated EC-TPs were found, structurally annotated, and assigned to a likely modification reaction. Using LM incubation, seven TPs were formed, mostly by oxidation/hydroxylation. After the identification of LM-TPs as Na+-complexes, we identified LM-TPs as K+-complexes. Conclusion: We identified and characterized TPs of LAS using EC- and LM-based methods. Moreover, we found different ion complexes of LAS-based TPs. This knowledge, especially the different ion complexes, may help elucidate the metabolic and environmental degradation pathways of LAS. KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Electrochemistry KW - ECR KW - Lasalocid KW - Ionophore KW - Transformation products PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-553919 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9349 VL - 36 IS - 18 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley online library AN - OPUS4-55391 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shapovalov, O. A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Weiß, S. T1 - External Acoustical Damping on a Metallic Angle Wedge in a High Temperature Resistant Ultrasonic Probe N2 - Ultrasonic probes for high-temperature applications are provided with metallic wedges, which can withstand the contact with the high temperature of the inspected structure. The ultrasonic signal travels within the wedge and gets reflected from its boundaries, causing interference signals called “ghost echoes”. The current work presents an investigation of the additional damping effect provided by porous sintered metal plates applied onto the surface of the wedge. In particular, the study evaluates the effect of damping plate thickness on the interference signal level at different transmission frequencies. Damping plates made of sintered metal SIKA-R 15 AX were attached to a wedge prototype made of steel 1.4301. The study revealed, that the most effective thickness of damping plates in the selected frequency interval of 1 to 4 MHz is equal to 4 mm. The evaluation of the interference signal has shown that the application of such damping plates to the wedge surface contributes to an additional attenuation of an interference signal of 10 to 30 dB after 500 μs of signal propagation. KW - Ultrasonic testing KW - High temperature KW - Acoustical damping KW - Angle wedge KW - Ultrasonic probe PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-553920 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40857-022-00270-9 SN - 0814-6039 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-55392 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nattuveettil, Keerthana A1 - Brunner, Nanine A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Melzer, Michael A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Einsatz von Sensortechnologien an einer Wasserstofftankstelle als Beitrag zur digitalen Qualitätsinfrastruktur T1 - Use of sensor technologies at hydrogen test platform as a part of QI Digital N2 - Die Optimierung und Validierung des digitalen Wasserstofftankstellenmanagements mit Sensortechnologien ist das übergeordnete Ziel des Teilprojekts Digitale Qualitätsinfrastruktur mit Sensortechnologien (QIST) am Use Case H2, im Rahmen der digitalen Qualitätsinfrastruktur (QI digital[1]). Hierfür sollen u.a. Sensornetzwerke mit digital-gestützten Auswertungsstrategien intelligent gestaltet werden (Stichwort KI bzw. digitaler Zwilling). Verschiedene, sich ergänzende Sensoren, Systemkomponenten und KI-Methoden stehen als Bausteine intelligenter Sensorsysteme zur Verfügung, mit dem Zweck, die physikalischen und chemischen Parameter an und in Anlagen umfassend und effizient zu überwachen sowie Fehlfunktionen zuverlässig zu detektieren und zu interpretieren, Abbildung 1. Konkrete Arbeitsschritte sind, nach dem Aufbau der Versuchsplattform „Wasserstofftankstelle“, die Instrumentierung von Sensorik und deren digitale Integration in das Tankstellenmanagementsystem sowie die Validierung im Realbetrieb. Die somit erzielten Messergebisse sowie die Messunsicherheiten, Historien und Verfahren werden in digitaler Form aufbereitet, gespeichert und fortlaufend in die KI-basierte Datenauswertung einbezogen, inkl. der Anbindung an die metrologische Rückführungskette. Ziele sind: • Einführung eines neuen messtechnischen Ansatzes und eines digitalen Zwillings für den Anwendungsfall "Wasserstofftankstelle" auf Basis der H2-Sensorik sowie der Zustandsgrößen Druck und Temperatur • Qualitätssicherung durch Applikationen zuverlässiger Gassensorik, Manometer und Thermometer sowie KI-Methoden zur Prozesskontrolle und Detektion von Fehlfunktionen • Nutzung von digitalen Kalibrierscheinen (DCCs) insbesondere für die Messgröße Temperatur zur Realisierung der metrologischen Rückführung in einer digitalen Qualitätsinfrastruktur T2 - Sensorik für die Digitalisierung chemischer Produktionsanlagen CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 13.06.2022 KW - QI Digital KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - Wasserstoff KW - Hydrogen KW - Sensorik KW - Digitalisierung KW - Digitalisation PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monks, M.-J. A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Kemnitz, Erhard A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Dopant ion concentration-dependent upconversion luminescence of cubic SrF2:Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals prepared by a fluorolytic sol–gel method N2 - A fluorolytic sol–gel method was used for the fast and simple synthesis of small cubic-phase SrF2:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion (UC) nanocrystals (UCNC) of different composition at room temperature. Systematic studies of the crystal phase and particle size of this Yb3+,Er3+-concentration series as well as excitation power density (P)-dependent UC luminescence (UCL) spectra, UCL quantum yields (ΦUCL), and UCL decay kinetics yielded maximum UCL performance for doping amounts of Yb3+ of 13.5% and Er3+ of 1.3% in the studied doping and P-range (30–400 W cm−2). Furthermore, ΦUCL were determined to be similar to popular β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+. The relative spectral UCL distributions revealed that all UCNC show a strong red emission in the studied doping and P-range (30–400 W cm−2) and suggest that the UCL quenching pathway for unshelled cubic-phase SrF2:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNC differs from the commonly accepted population and depopulation pathways of β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNC. In SrF2:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNC the 4S3/2 → 4I13/2 transition exhibits a notably stronger sensitivity towards P and reveals increasing values for decreasing Yb3+–Yb3+ distances while the 4I9/2 → 4I15/2 transition is significantly less affected by P and energy migration facilitated UCL quenching. These results emphasize the complexity of the UC processes and the decisive role of the crystal phase and symmetry of the host lattice on the operative UCL quenching mechanism in addition to surface effects. Moreover, the room temperature UCNC synthesis enabled a systematic investigation of the influence of the calcination temperature on the crystal phase of powder-UCNC and the associated UCL properties. Calcination studies of solid UCNC of optimized doping concentration in the temperature range of 175 °C and 800 °C showed the beneficial influence of temperature- induced healing of crystal defects on UCL and the onset of a phase separation connected with the oxygenation of the lanthanide ions at elevated temperature. This further emphasizes the sensitivity of the UC process to the crystal phase and quality of the host matrix. KW - Upconversion nanoparticle KW - Lanthanide KW - Photophysics KW - Synthesis PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2nr02337g SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-55364 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Srivastava, Priyanka A1 - Tavernaro, Isabella A1 - Genger, C. A1 - Welker, P. A1 - Huebner, Oskar A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Multicolor Polystyrene Nanosensors for the Monitoring of Acidic, Neutral, and Basic pH Values and Cellular Uptake Studies N2 - A first tricolor fluorescent pH nanosensor is presented, which was rationally designed from biocompatible carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles and two analyte-responsive molecular fluorophores. Its fabrication involved particle staining with a blue-red-emissive dyad, consisting of a rhodamine moiety responsive to acidic pH values and a pH-inert quinoline fluorophore, followed by the covalent attachment of a fluorescein dye to the particle surface that signals neutral and basic pH values with a green fluorescence. These sensor particles change their fluorescence from blue to red and green, depending on the pH and excitation wavelength, and enable ratiometric pH measurements in the pH range of 3.0−9.0. The localization of the different sensor dyes in the particle core and at the particle surface was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy utilizing analogously prepared polystyrene microparticles. To show the application potential of these polystyrene-based multicolor sensor particles, fluorescence microscopy studies with a human A549 cell line were performed, which revealed the cellular uptake of the pH nanosensor and the differently colored emissions in different cell organelles, that is, compartments of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. Our results demonstrate the underexplored potential of biocompatible polystyrene particles for multicolor and multianalyte sensing and bioimaging utilizing hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic stimuli-responsive luminophores. KW - Microparticle KW - Fluorescence KW - Sensor KW - pH KW - Quantum yield KW - Multiplexing KW - Imaging KW - Cell KW - Quality assurance KW - Nano KW - Polymer KW - Bioimaging KW - Particle KW - Application PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00944 VL - 94 IS - 27 SP - 9656 EP - 9664 PB - ACS AN - OPUS4-55365 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Italy - A QI-FoKuS study N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Italy. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on Italian CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Laboratory KW - Testing KW - Certification KW - Calibration KW - Digitalization KW - Digital transformation KW - COVID-19 KW - TIC PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-553708 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55370 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hülagü, Deniz A1 - Tobias, Charlie A1 - Gojani, Ardian B. A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - From 2D and Single Particle to 3D and Batch Analysis as a Routine Quality Check Procedure for the Morphological Characterization of Core-Shell Microparticles N2 - CS particles show unique properties by merging individual characteristics of the core and the shell materials. An alteration particularly in their surface roughness affects the final performance of the particles in the targeted application. Quantitative evaluation of the roughness of CS microparticles is, however, a challenging task employing microscopic techniques being scarce and showing large differences in terms of methodology and results. In our previous work, we have reported a systematic study with a reliable analysis tool, which evaluates profile roughness quantitatively, for individual core-shell microparticles using electron microscopy (EM) images of both types, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and transmission mode SEM (or TSEM). The SEM images contain two-dimensional (2D) information, therefore, provide profile roughness data only from the projection in the horizontal plane (in other words, from the “belly”) of a spherical particle. The present study offers a practical procedure to give access to more information by tilting the sample holder and hence allowing images of a single particle to be recorded at different orientations under the same view angle. From the analysis of these images, extended information on surface roughness of the particle can be extracted. Thus, instead of obtaining 2D information from a single SEM image, three-dimensional (3D) information is obtained from 2D projections recorded at different particle orientations. T2 - Microscopy and Microanalysis 2022 CY - Oregon, Portland, USA DA - 31.07.2022 KW - Core-shell particles KW - Image processing KW - Roughness KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Tilting PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927622002094 SN - 1431-9276 VL - 28 IS - S1 SP - 332 EP - 334 PB - Cambridge University Press AN - OPUS4-55373 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hauffen, J. C. A1 - Kästner, L. A1 - Ahmadi, Samim A1 - Jung, P. A1 - Caire, G. A1 - Ziegler, Mathias T1 - Learned block iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm for photothermal super resolution imaging N2 - Block-sparse regularization is already well known in active thermal imaging and is used for multiple-measurement-based inverse problems. The main bottleneck of this method is the choice of regularization parameters which differs for each experiment. We show the benefits of using a learned block iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (LBISTA) that is able to learn the choice of regularization parameters, without the need to manually select them. In addition, LBISTA enables the determination of a suitable weight matrix to solve the underlying inverse problem. Therefore, in this paper we present LBISTA and compare it with state-of-the-art block iterative shrinkage thresholding using synthetically generated and experimental test data from active thermography for defect reconstruction. Our results show that the use of the learned block-sparse optimization approach provides smaller normalized mean square errors for a small fixed number of iterations. Thus, this allows us to improve the convergence speed and only needs a few iterations to generate accurate defect reconstruction in photothermal super-resolution imaging. KW - Thermography KW - Laser KW - Machine learning KW - Optimization KW - Non-destructive testing KW - NDT KW - Neural network KW - Defect reconstruction KW - Block-sparsity KW - Active thermal imaging KW - Regularization KW - Laser thermography PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554598 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155533 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 15 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-55459 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Standardized workflow for checking the performance of an EDS X-ray spectrometer at a Scanning Electron Microscope N2 - For test laboratories operating under accreditation schemes like ISO/IEC 17025 (ISO/IEC 17025), as the international reference for testing and calibration laboratories wanting to demonstrate their capacity to deliver reliable results, a periodical control of the critical instrumental parameters of an Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) is required. This periodical check of an EDS is specified with exact procedures and materials in the ISO 15632:2021 ”Microbeam Analysis – Selected instrumental performance parameters for the specification and checking of energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers for use in electron probe microanalysis” (ISO 15632). The EDS check can be simplified to the acquisition of only one 10 kV spectrum from a dedicated test material, EDS-TM002, which is made available by BAM since 2009 (https://webshop.bam.de/webshop_en/). The optional BAM software “EDX spectrometer check” is destined to automatically evaluate this spectrum and determine the performance of the EDS in terms of energy resolution and calibration, as well as possible alteration of low-energy efficiency due to detector contamination. Nearly 200 laboratories have the EDS-TM and associated software package in use. Practical examples based on various types of artifacts occurred in the EDS spectra and a long-term (>10 years) meticulous observation of the own spectrometers will be discussed. Different types of EDS spectrometers are considered, e.g. Si(Li) and SDD, of various window types (AP, the recent one Si3N4 or even windowless), and with different front contact layers (Au and Ni) (Hodoroaba and Procop, 2014). Evaluation of other parameters or effects such as the deadtime at different count rates or pileup effects is also explained with examples. T2 - Workshop "Automated Mineralogy" @ GEOANALYSIS 2022 CY - Freiberg, Germany DA - 06.08.2022 KW - EDS KW - X-ray spectrometer KW - Performance check KW - Test material KW - Standardized check KW - EDS-TM002 PY - 2022 UR - https://geoanalysis2021.de/en/workshops/automated-mineralogy AN - OPUS4-55460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Mauch, Tatjana A1 - Riedel, Juliane T1 - Development of a Hydrazine-Based Solid-Phase Extraction and Clean-Up Method for Highly Selective Quantification of Zearalenone in Edible Vegetable Oils by HPLC-FLD N2 - Rapid, cost-efficient, and eco-friendly methods are desired today for routine analysis of the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) in edible vegetable oils. Liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) is commonly used to reliably control the specified ZEN maximum levels, which requires efficient sample clean-up to avoid matrix interferences. Therefore, a highly selective extraction and clean-up method based on reversible covalent hydrazine chemistry (RCHC) using hydrazine-functionalized silica was developed. This efficient solid-phase extraction (SPE) involves reversible hydrazone formation of ZEN with the hydrazine moiety covalently bound to a solid phase. Optimal conditions were achieved with 1 mL SPE cartridges filled with 400 mg of hydrazine-functionalized silica. The developed RCHC-SPE method was validated in an interlaboratory comparison study (ILC) with twelve participants analyzing six edible vegetable oils with a focus on maize oils. The derived method parameters (ZEN recovery 83%, repeatability 7.0%, and reproducibility 18%) meet the performance criteria of Commission Regulation (EC) No 401/2006. The developed RCHC-SPE-based HPLC-FLD method allows the reliable quantification of ZEN in the range of 47–494 μg/kg for different types of edible vegetable oils, also for matrix-reach native oils. Due to the high efficiency, the significantly reduced matrix load helps to extend the lifetime of analytical equipment. Furthermore, the re-useability of the RCHC-SPE cartridges contributes to an eco-friendly approach and reduced analysis costs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on ZEN quantification in edible vegetable oils based on manual RCHC-SPE cartridges. Due to its high performance, the developed RCHC-SPE method is a promising alternative to the current European standard method EN 16924:2017 (HPLC-FLD part). KW - Mycotoxin KW - Food KW - Reversible covalent hydrazine chemistry (RCHC) KW - Quantitative determination PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554812 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080549 VL - 14 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-55481 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zou, Q. A1 - Marcelot, C. A1 - Ratel-Ramond, N. A1 - Yi, X. A1 - Roblin, P. A1 - Frenzel, Florian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Eftekhari, A. A1 - Bouchet, A. A1 - Coudret, C. A1 - Verelst, M. A1 - Chen, X. A1 - Mauricot, R. A1 - Roux, C. T1 - Heterogeneous Oxysulfide@Fluoride Core/ Shell Nanocrystals for Upconversion-Based Nanothermometry N2 - Lanthanide (Ln3+)-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) often suffer from weak luminescence, especially when their sizes are ultrasmall (less than 10 nm). Enhancing the upconversion luminescence (UCL) efficiency of ultrasmall UCNPs has remained a challenge that must be undertaken if any practical applications are to be envisaged. Herein, we present a Ln3+-doped oxysulfide@fluoride core/shell heterostructure which shows efficient UCL properties under 980nm excitation and good stability in solution. Through epitaxial heterogeneous growth, a ∼4 nm optically inert β-NaYF4 shell was coated onto ∼5 nm ultrasmall Gd2O2S:20%Yb,1%Tm. These Gd2O2S:20%Yb,1%Tm@NaYF4 core/shell UCNPs exhibit a more than 800-fold increase in UCL intensity compared to the unprotected core, a 180-fold increase in luminescence decay time of the 3H4 → 3H6 Tm3+ transition from 5 to 900 μs, and an upconversion quantum yield (UCQY) of 0.76% at an excitation power density of 155 W/cm2. Likewise, Gd2O2S:20%Yb,2%Er@NaYF4 core/shell UCNPs show a nearly 5000-fold increase of their UCL intensity compared to the Gd2O2S:20%Yb,2%Er core and a maximum UCQY of 0.61%. In the Yb/Er core−shell UCNP system, the observed variation of luminescence intensity ratio seems to originate from a change in lattice strain as the temperature is elevated. For nanothermometry applications, the thermal sensitivities based on thermally coupled levels are estimated for both Yb/Tm and Yb/Er doped Gd2O2S@NaYF4 core/shell UCNPs. KW - Upconversion nanoparticle KW - Nanosensor KW - Lanthanide KW - Surface coating KW - Quantum yield KW - Photophysic PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c02423 SN - 1936-0851 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-55440 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana T1 - Global Status and Trends in Digital Transformation and Conformity Assessment – The Case of Germany N2 - This presentation summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) in Germany conducted in 2022, as well as some first insights from Latin American countries. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on CABs is part of a global project that covers various countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). T2 - IAAC webinar Digital Transformation in Accreditation CY - Online meeting DA - 28.07.2022 KW - Quality Infrastructure KW - Digitalization KW - Testing laboratories KW - Conformity assessment KW - Certification KW - Digital transformation PY - 2022 UR - www.qi-fokus.de AN - OPUS4-55400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana T1 - Digitalisierung in der Konformitätsbewertung - Wo stehen wir in Deutschland? Aktuelle Einblicke aus unserer Studie N2 - Im Vortrag werden Erkenntnisse aus einer Umfrage unter deutschen Konformitätsbewertungsstellen (KBS) zum Stand der digitalen Transformation vorgestellt, inkl. deren digitaler Reifegrad, Vorteile und Hindernisse sowie aktuelle Technologietrends. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Prüflaboratorien. T2 - VUP Jahrestagung der Laborbranche 2022: Laborbranche Digital - Gemeinsam in die Zukunft CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 23.06.2022 KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Digitalisierung KW - Prüflaboratorien KW - Konformitätsbewertung KW - Zertifizierungsstellen KW - Digitale Transformation KW - Digitaler Reifegrad PY - 2022 UR - www.qi-fokus.de AN - OPUS4-55401 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Klas T1 - Flexible Prozessanalytik für die pharmazeutische Produktion - Benchtop-NMR-Spektroskopie im industriellen Einsatz N2 - Im Rahmen des EU-Projekts „CONSENS – Integrated Control and Sensing“ wurde ein vollautomatisiertes, gemäß Atmosphère-Explosibles(ATEX)-Regeln zertifiziertes Analysatormodul auf Basis eines kommerziellen Benchtop-Kernspinresonanzspektrometers (Engl. nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR) entwickelt und im Umfeld einer modularen containerbasierten Produktionsanlage validiert. Auf Basis der gewonnenen Daten konnten sowohl eine iterative Optimierung der Prozessparameter erfolgen als auch Referenzdaten für die Kalibrierung eines Nahinfrarot-Spektrometers gewonnen werden. KW - Prozessanalytik KW - NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Modulare Produktion KW - Kalibriertransfer PY - 2022 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 122 EP - 129 PB - Editio Cantor Verlag CY - Aulendorf AN - OPUS4-55402 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei A1 - Sevostianov, I. A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Cabeza, S. A1 - Koos, R. A1 - Hofmann, M. A1 - Requena, G. A1 - Garcés, G. T1 - Damage and stress evolution in multi-phase metal matrix composites N2 - While there is a extensive literature on the micro-mechanical behavior of metal matrix composites (MMCs) under uniaxial applied stress, very little is available on multi-phase MMCs. In order to cast light on the reinforcement and damage processes in such multi-phase composites, an Al alloy with one and two ceramic reinforcements (planar-random oriented alumina fibers and SiC particles) were studied. In-situ compression tests during neutron diffraction experiments were used to track the load transfer among phases, while X-ray computed tomography was used to investigate pre-strained samples, in order to monitor and quantify damage. We found that damage progresses differently in composites with different orientations of the fiber mat. Because of the presence of the intermetallic network, it was observed that the second ceramic reinforcement changes the load transfer scenario only at very high applied load, when also intermetallic particles break. We rationalized the experimental results by means of a micromechanical model based on Maxwell’s homogenization scheme, and we could explain why no damage is observed in the ductile matrix under compression: the matrix finds itself in hydrostatic compression, and the Poisson’s tensile strain is totally carried by the reinforcement phases T2 - CIMTEC CY - Perugia, Italy DA - 20.06.2022 KW - Load transfer KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - Michromechanical modeling KW - Computed Tomography KW - Machine Learning PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55404 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei A1 - Sevostianov, I. A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Cabeza, S. A1 - Koos, R. A1 - Hofmann, M. A1 - Requena, G. A1 - Garcés, G. T1 - Explaining deviatoric residual stresses and load transfer in aluminum alloys and composites with complex microstructure N2 - The residual stresses and load transfer in multiphase metal alloys and their composites (with both random planar-oriented short fibers and particles) will be shown, as studied by neutron diffraction, by X-ray computed tomography, and by a model based on the reformulation of classic Maxwell’s homogenization method. Contrary to common understanding and state-of-the-art models, we experimentally observe that randomly oriented phases possess non-hydrostatic residual stress. Moreover, we disclose that the unreinforced matrix alloy stays under hydrostatic compression even under external uniaxial compression. The recently developed modeling approach allows calculating the residual stress in all phases of the composites. It rationalizes the presence of deviatoric stresses accounting for the interaction of random oriented phases with fibers having preferential orientation. It also allows the explanation of the unconventional in-situ behavior of the unreinforced alloy and the prediction of the micromechanical behavior of other similar alloys. T2 - MLZ Conference 2022: Neutrons for Mobility CY - Lenggries, Germany DA - 31.05.2022 KW - Load transfer KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - micromechanical modeling KW - Computed tomography PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55405 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei A1 - Khrapov, D. A1 - Paveleva, A. A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Surmenev, R. A1 - Surmenev, M. A1 - Koptyug, A. T1 - Procedures to Quantitatively Characterize Morphological Features of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structures (TPMSS) N2 - The residual stresses and load transfer in multiphase metal alloys and their composites (with both random planar-oriented short fibers and particles) will be shown, as studied by neutron diffraction, by X-ray computed tomography, and by a model based on the reformulation of classic Maxwell’s homogenization method. Contrary to common understanding and state-of-the-art models, we experimentally observe that randomly oriented phases possess non-hydrostatic residual stress. Moreover, we disclose that the unreinforced matrix alloy stays under hydrostatic compression even under external uniaxial compression. The recently developed modeling approach allows calculating the residual stress in all phases of the composites. It rationalizes the presence of deviatoric stresses accounting for the interaction of random oriented phases with fibers having preferential orientation. It also allows the explanation of the unconventional in-situ behavior of the unreinforced alloy and the prediction of the micromechanical behavior of other similar alloys. T2 - 5th International Conference on Tomography of Materials and Structures CY - Grenoble, France DA - 27.06.2022 KW - Load transfer KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - Micromechanical modeling KW - Computed tomography PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55406 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Towards Characterisation of Elastic Constants of Composite Materials by means of Ultrasonic Guided Waves N2 - The availability of non-destructive methods is particularly important for composites, e.g., carbon or glass fiber-reinforced polymers because their properties strongly depend on the manufacturing process and in-service conditions. Composites are mostly used in thin-walled components which are perfectly suited for the characterisation with ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs). In this contribution, we demonstrate sensitivities of UGW to different elastic constants of a composite material. Then we present a characterisation procedure which can be used to in-fer elastic properties. Our approach is based on an inverse procedure in which the numeri-cally calculated dispersion curves are fitted to the measured curves. The acquisition is done by applying a broadband piezoelectric transducer (PZT) to excite various UGW modes and a 3D laser Doppler vibrometer (3D LDV) to record them. Compared to the approaches based on laser excitation, the PZT provides a better signal-to-noise ratio because more energy is brought into the structure. Whereas the 3D LDV compared to a 1D LDV or a PZT allows cap-turing in-plane and out-of-plane components giving more dispersion information for a better characterisation. Since the inverse procedure requires many iterations before elastic prop-erties are retrieved, an efficient tool for the calculation of the dispersion curves is necessary. For this, the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method is used. All in all, a good agreement be-tween theoretical and experimental curves is demonstrated. T2 - ASME 2022 49th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE2022) CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 25.07.2022 KW - Carbon fibre reinforced polymer KW - Glass fibre reinforced polymer KW - Inverse procedure PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55425 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya A1 - Memmolo, V. A1 - Olino, M. A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Application of Temperature Compensation Strategies for Ultrasonic Guided Waves to Distributed Sensor Networks N2 - The application of temperature compensation strategies is crucial in structural health monitoring approaches based on guided waves. Actually, the varying temperature influences the performance of the inspection system inducing false alarms or missed detection, with a consequent reduction of reliability and impact on probability of detection (POD). This paper quantitatively describes two different methods to compensate the temperature effect, namely the optimal baseline selection (OBS) and the baseline signal stretch (BSS) extending their application to the case of a distributed sensor networks (DSN). This latter introduces a number of possible data to explore compensation strategies which do not necessarily returns univocal results. Hence, a decision framework is needed, which takes into consideration multiple ultrasonic time traces with different arrival times and amplitude. In detail, the effect of temperature separation between baseline time-traces in OBS are investigated considering multiple couples of sensors employed in the DSN. A combined strategy that uses both OBS and a frequent value warning is introduced to find the more probable temperature with increasing reliability of the assessment. The same procedure is applied using the BSS algorithm. Finally, the use of both approaches is introduced, comparing the capability of the mixed algorithm to correctly sort temperature information from OBS and then apply the BSS combining the frequent value warning to have a unique correction all over the DSN. Theoretical results are compared, using data from two several experiments, which use different frequency analysis with either predominantly A0 mode or S0 mode data or both. The focus is given on the fact that different paths are available in a sensor network and several possible combinations of results are available. Nonetheless, introducing a frequent value warning it is possible to increase the efficiency of the OBS and BSS approaches making use of fewer signal processing algorithms. These confirm that the performance of OBS quantitatively agrees with predictions. In addition, the possibility to combine BSS approached also demonstrates that the use of compensation strategies improves detectability and localization of damage even in a DSN. This result can be used to improve the SHM system reliability, with promising perspectives in increasing POD. T2 - ASME 2022 49th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE2022) CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 25.07.2022 KW - Performance assessment KW - Elastic waves KW - Structural Health Monitoring PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55427 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reuter, T. A1 - Plotzki, David A1 - Borges de Oliveira, F. A1 - Wohlgemuth, F. A1 - Bauer, F. A1 - Ballach, F. A1 - Kimmig, W. A1 - Wagner, G. A1 - Watzl, C. A1 - Weiß, D. A1 - Hausotte, T. T1 - Numerical measurement uncertainty evaluation for X-ray computed tomography using simulations – A first approach to build a digital twin N2 - The ability of industrial X-ray computed tomography (CT) to scan an object with several internal and external features at once causes increasing adoption in dimensional metrology. In order to evaluate the quality of a measurement value, the task-specific measurement uncertainty has to be determined. Currently, VDI/VDE 2630 part 2.1 gives a guideline to determine the uncertainty of CT measurements experimentally by conducting repeated measurements. This is costly and time-consuming. Thus, the aim is to determine the task-specific measurement uncertainty numerically by simulations (e. g. according to the guide to expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) Supplement 1). To achieve that, a digital twin is necessary. This contribution presents a simple first approach how a digital twin can be built. In order to evaluate this approach, a study comparing measurements and simulations of different real CT systems was carried out by determining the differences between the measurement results of the digital twin and of the measurement results of the real-world CT systems. The results have shown a moderate agreement between real and simulated data. To improve on this aspect, a standardized method to characterize CT systems and methods to implement CT parameters into the simulation with sufficient accuracy will be developed. N2 - Die industrielle Röntgencomputertomografie (CT) wird durch ihre Fähigkeit, ein Messobjekt mit unterschiedlichen inneren und äußeren Merkmalen auf einmal zu messen, immer häufiger auch in der dimensionellen Messtechnik eingesetzt. Um die Güte eines Messwertes beurteilen zu können, muss die aufgabenspezifische Messunsicherheit ermittelt werden. Mit der Richtlinie VDI/VDE 2630 Blatt 2.1 kann derzeit die aufgabenspezifische Messunsicherheit von CT-Messungen experimentell durch eine Vielzahl an Wiederholmessungen ermittelt werden. Diese Vorgehensweise ist allerdings kosten- und zeitintensiv. Daher wird die Bestimmung der aufgabenspezifischen Messunsicherheit numerisch durch Simulationen angestrebt (z. B. Leitfaden zur Angabe der Unsicherheit beim Messen (GUM) Supplement 1). Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, ist es notwendig, einen Digitalen Zwilling von der Messung mit dem verwendeten CT-System zu erstellen. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen ersten Ansatz zur Erstellung eines Digitalen Zwillings vor. Um diesen anschließend zu testen, wurden in einem ersten Test mehrere CT-Scans auf verschiedenen Anlagen durchgeführt und anschließend anhand der verfügbaren Parameter simuliert. Um die Qualität des jeweiligen Digitalen Zwillings einschätzen zu können, wurden die Abweichungen der resultierenden Messwerte von ihren jeweiligen Sollwerten miteinander verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine bedingte Übereinstimmung zwischen realen und simulierten Daten. Um diese zu verbessern, wird eine standardisierte Methode zur Charakterisierung der realen CT-Systeme angestrebt. Darüber hinaus sollten Methoden entwickelt werden, die Charakterisierungsparameter in einer Simulationsumgebung hinreichend genau umzusetzen. KW - Computed tomography KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - Simulation KW - Digital twin PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0025 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55428 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kornev, R. A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. A1 - Nazarov, V. A1 - Shkrunin, V. A1 - Ermakov, A. T1 - Features of hydrogen reduction of SiF4 in ICP plasma N2 - Probe diagnostics is used to determine the electron temperature and electron number density in a low pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ignited in the mixture of SiF4, Ar and H2. Emission spectra of mixtures with different stoichiometry of components are investigated and the electron density distribution function (EDDF) is estimated. The optimal conditions for high conversion of SiF4 into Si are found by studying the dependence of the yield of silicon upon the ratio of reagents. The maximum achieved yield of silicon is 85% under the optimal conditions. Based on the analysis of IR and MS spectra of exhaust gases, 5% of initial SiF4 converts into volatile fluorosilanes. A rate of production of Si is 0.9 g/h at the energy consumption 0.56 kWh /g. KW - Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition KW - PECVD KW - Silicon tetrafluoride KW - Emission spectroscopy KW - Probe diagnostics PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2022.106502 SN - 0584-8547 VL - 195 SP - 106502 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-55316 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kröll, Mirco A1 - Grundtner, R. A1 - Pagano, F. A1 - Nyberg, E. A1 - Heino, V. A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk A1 - Gradt, Thomas T1 - Effects of harmonised procedures in tribology testing N2 - i-TRIBOMAT will provide the world's first Open Innovation Test Bed dedicated to analysing and simulating materials in tribological systems. In order to make necessary results of tribological tests comparable, harmonised ways to produce data are mandatory. Many sources influence the outcome of a Tribological test. Different approaches of institutes were evaluated in best practices via quality management tools minimising the impact on results. T2 - 7th World Tribology Congress - WTC 2022 CY - Lyon, France DA - 11.07.2022 KW - Tribology KW - i-TRIBOMAT KW - Characterisation KW - Digitalisation KW - Harmonisation KW - Round robin tests KW - Interlaboratory tests PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55317 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zabala, A. A1 - Aginagalde, A. A1 - Llavori, I. A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk A1 - Blunt, L. T1 - Ball-on-flat linear reciprocating tests: Critical assessment of wear volume determination methods N2 - This work presents a critical assessment of wear volume determination methods for ball-on-flat linear reciprocating sliding tribological tests. T2 - 7th World Tribology Congress - WTC 2022 CY - Lyon, France DA - 11.07.2022 KW - Wear KW - Sliding KW - Surface KW - Analysis PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55319 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Saatz, Jessica A1 - Ascher, Lena A1 - Boyraz, B. A1 - Hahndorf, J. A1 - Schnorr, J. A1 - Schellenberger, E. A1 - Tauber, R. T1 - Unraveling the interaction of MRI contrast agents with tissue using LA ICP MS N2 - Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is increasingly used to study the distribution of metal-containing drugs, imaging probes and nanomaterials in connection with disease related changes and therapy progress. Additionally, biomolecules can be detected indirectly by using metal-tagged antibodies. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is, besides the cells, an important component of all body tissues. The macromolecular network of the ECM consists of structural proteins (e.g., collagen, elastin) and proteoglycans composed of highly negatively charged carbohydrates, the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are covalently linked to a protein core. Many diseases, including inflammatory processes and tumors, are associated with characteristic ECM changes at an early stage. Recent studies have shown that contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are based on gadolinium containing chelate complexes or iron oxide nanoparticles, can bind themselves to ECM components. To elucidate the role of GAGs like keratan sulfate (KS) and its modification state in disease, highly specific tools are necessary. As a complement to conventional immunohistochemistry LA-ICP-MS was applied to investigate the distribution of KS in tissue thin sections using a well characterized anti-KS antibody labelled with metal ions. Furthermore, LA-ICP-MS was used for the detection of MRI contrast agents and the identification of their target cells and molecules in tissue samples from animal models, e.g. for cardiovascular diseases. The results show the possibilities of LA-ICP-MS for the elucidation of pathological tissue changes. T2 - European Workshop on Laser Ablation (EWLA 2022) CY - Berne, Switzerland DA - 12.07.2022 KW - Laser ablation KW - Imaging KW - ICP-MS KW - Antibody PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55315 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Climent Terol, Estela A1 - Wan, Wei A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Toward Label-Free Optical Multiplexing of Analytes in Indicator Release Lateral Flow Assays via Detection Zones Containing Tailored Capture Materials N2 - The use of macromolecules and materials immobilized in the detection zone of test strips for indicator capture and focusing in label-free lateral flow assays (LFAs) is described, with emphasis on its future use in low number multiplexing. Several materials such as polyelectrolytes, functionalized mesoporous silica micro- and nanoparticles, chemically modified cellulose or glass fibre (GF) membranes and molecularly imprinted polymer gels coated onto membranes were studied in model assays, before the most promising materials were combined with antibody-gated indicator delivering (gAID) sensor materials. Cellulose, nitrocellulose and GF membranes were used as supports and highly fluorescent dyes of different charge states as model indicators. Combination of the best performing capture materials with gAID systems made it possible to distinctly increase the sensitivity and reduce the measurement uncertainty in the LFA testing of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) in aqueous samples. In addition, dual-plexing of PETN and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was realized on a single test strip containing two dedicated capture zones. KW - Rapid tests KW - Vor-Ort-Analytik KW - Multiplexing KW - Teststreifen KW - Molecularly imprinted polymers PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557873 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anse.202100062 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-55787 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander T1 - Advantages of N2-MICAP-MS for Trace Metal Analysis in Steel N2 - The climate and energy crisis are extreme challenges. One possible solution could be hydrogen technology. Safety is a big concern. Steel used for pipelines and storage is under permanent stress from low temperatures and high pressures. The content of different alloyed metals determines the performance of the steel. Nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmosphere pressure plasma mass spectrometry (N2-MICAP-MS) is a promising method for trace metal analysis in steel. Nitrogen is cheap and can be generated on site. It has fewer interferences than argon. Additionally, MICAP-MS is very matrix tolerant, proving the matrix-matched calibration expendable. Safety in technology and chemistry is the mission of BAM. Providing reference methods and materials can create trust in future technologies like hydrogen. T2 - SALSA Make and Measure 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2022 KW - Trace analysis KW - Steel KW - Microwave plasma KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Safety PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55792 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Riedel, Soraya A1 - Hülagü, Deniz A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Carl, Peter A1 - Flemig, Sabine A1 - Schmid, Thomas A1 - Schenk, Jörg A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Application of 3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in Amperometric Immunoassays for Mycotoxin Detection N2 - Electrochemical methods make great promise to meet the demand for user-friendly on-site devices for monitoring important parameters. Food industry often runs own lab procedures, e.g., for mycotoxin analysis, but it is a major goal to simplify analysis, linking analytical methods with miniaturized technologies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with photometric detection of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) substrate 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), form a good basis for sensitive detection. To provide a straight-forward approach for the miniaturization of the detection step, we have studied the pitfalls of the electrochemical TMB detection. By cyclic voltammetry, it could be shown that TMB electrochemistry is strongly dependent on the pH and the electrode material. It was found that screen-printed gold electrodes and a very low pH value (pH 1) are well-suited to perform the electrochemical detection of TMB, due to the reversible character of the redox reaction under these conditions. Under these conditions, a good signal stability over several measuring cycles is achieved, providing the basis for analyzing multiple samples. In contrast to this, for carbon screen-printed electrodes, it was found that the signal response has changed after the electrochemical reaction with TMB at pH 1. At moderately acidic conditions (pH 4), neither with carbon nor with gold electrodes a reproducible electrochemical detection of TMB could be achieved. Based on these findings, we created a smartphone-based, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) and ergometrine in food samples. A competitive assay is performed on magnetic beads using HRP and TMB/H2O2 to generate the signal. Enzymatically oxidized TMB is quantified after addition of H2SO4 by amperometry with screen-printed gold electrodes in a custom-made wall-jet flow cell. The results are in good correlation with the established photometric detection method, providing a solid basis for sensing of further analytes in HRP-based assays using the newly developed miniaturized smartphone-based, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay. T2 - 73rd Annual Meeting of the ISE CY - Online meeting DA - 12.09.2022 KW - Cylic Voltammetry KW - Immunoassay KW - Mycotoxins KW - Amperometry KW - Electrochemistry PY - 2022 N1 - Geburtsname von Riedel, Soraya: Höfs, S. - Birth name of Riedel, Soraya: Höfs, S. AN - OPUS4-55793 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Singh, S. A1 - Palani, I. A. A1 - Paul, C. P. A1 - Funk, Alexander A1 - Gokuldoss, P. K. T1 - Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of NiTi 4D Structures: Influence of Interlayer Delay N2 - Shape memory alloy structures for actuator and vibration damper applications may be manufactured using wire arc additive manufacturing (W AAM), which is one of the additive manufacturing technologies. Multilayer deposition causes heat accumulation during W AAM, which rises the preheat temperature of the previously created layer. This leads to process instabilities, which result in deviations from the desired dimensions and mechanical properties changes. During W AAM deposition of the wall structure, a systematic research is carried out by adjusting the interlayer delay from 10 to 30 s. When the delay period is increased from 10 to 30 s, the breadth decreases by 45% and the height increases by 33%. Grain refinement occurs when the interlayer delay duration is increased, resulting in better hardness, phase transformation temperature, compressive strength, and shape recovery behavior. This study shows how the interlayer delay affects the behavior of W AAM-built nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) structures in a variety of applications. KW - Wire are additive manufacturing KW - Shape memory alloy KW - Nitinol KW - Interlayer delay PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2021.0296 SN - 2329-7662 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Liebert CY - New Rochelle, NY AN - OPUS4-55795 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Braml, T. T1 - Towards NDT supported decisions on the reliability of existing bridges N2 - 1) Concept for the NDT-supported assessment of existing structures 2) Demonstration: Shear force analysis of a prestressed concrete bridge T2 - ICOSSAR 2021-2022,13th International Conference on Structural Safety & Reliability CY - Online meeting DA - 13.09.2022 KW - Nachrechnung KW - Zuverlässigkeitsbewertung KW - Messunsicherheit KW - Querkraftnachweis PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55796 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wander, Lukas A1 - Lommel, Lukas A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Paul, Andrea T1 - Development of a Low-Cost Method for Quantifying Microplastics in Soils and Compost Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy N2 - Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a promising candidate for low-cost, nondestructive, and highthroughput mass quantification of microplastics in environmental samples. Widespread application of the technique is currently hampered mainly by the low sensitivity of NIR spectroscopy compared to thermoanalytical approaches commonly used for this type of analysis. This study shows how the application of NIR spectroscopy for mass quantification of microplastics can be extended to smaller analyte levels by combining it with a simple and rapid microplastic enrichment protocol. For this purpose, the widely used flotation of microplastics in a NaCl solution, accelerated by centrifugation, was chosen which allowed to remove up to 99 % of the matrix at recovery rates of 83–104 %. The spectroscopic measurements took place directly on the stainless-steel filters used to collect the extracted particles to reduce sample handling to a minimum. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were used to identify and quantify the extracted microplastics in the mass range of 1–10 mg. The simple and fast extraction procedure was systematically optimized to meet the requirements for the quantification of microplastics from common PE-, PP-, and PS-based packaging materials with a particle size < 1 mm found in compost or soils with high natural organic matter content (> 10 % determined by loss on ignition). Microplastics could be detected in model samples at a mass fraction of 1 mg g-1. The detectable microplastic mass fraction is about an order of magnitude lower compared to previous studies using NIR spectroscopy without additional enrichment. To emphasize the cost-effectiveness of the method, it was implemented using some of the cheapest and most compact NIR spectrometers available. KW - Mikroplastik KW - NIR KW - Sensor KW - Kompost KW - Multivariat PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-552605 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac5e5f VL - 33 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-55260 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. A1 - Völker, Tobias T1 - Intrinsic Performance of Monte Carlo Calibration-Free Algorithm for Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy N2 - The performance of the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm for calibration-free LIBS was studied on the example of a simulated spectrum that mimics a metallurgical slag sample. The underlying model is that of a uniform, isothermal, and stationary plasma in local thermodynamical equilibrium. Based on the model, the algorithm generates from hundreds of thousands to several millions of simultaneous configurations of plasma parameters and the corresponding number of spectra. The parameters are temperature, plasma size, and concentrations of species. They are iterated until a cost function, which indicates a difference between synthetic and simulated slag spectra, reaches its minimum. After finding the minimum, the concentrations of species are read from the model and compared to the certified values. The algorithm is parallelized on a graphical processing unit (GPU) to reduce computational time. The minimization of the cost function takes several minutes on the GPU NVIDIA Tesla K40 card and depends on the number of elements to be iterated. The intrinsic accuracy of the MC calibration-free method is found to be around 1% for the eight elements tested. For a real experimental spectrum, however, the efficiency may turn out to be worse due to the idealistic nature of the model, as well as incorrectly chosen experimental conditions. Factors influencing the performance of the method are discussed. KW - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Calibration-free analysis KW - Monte Carlo algorithm PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-558016 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197149 VL - 22 IS - 19 SP - 7149 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-55801 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Völker, Tobias A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. T1 - Importance of physical units in the Boltzmann plot method N2 - The Boltzmann plot is one of the most widely used methods for determining the temperature in different types of laboratory plasmas. It operates on the logarithm as a function of the dimensional argument, which assumes that the correct physical units are used. In many works using the Boltzmann method, there is no analysis of the dimension of this argument, which may be the cause of a potential error. This technical note offers a brief description of the method and shows how to correctly use physical units when using transcendental functions like the logarithm. KW - Boltzmann plot KW - Laser induced plasma PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-558039 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ja00241h SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-55803 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Przyklenk, A. A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Bosse, H. A1 - Balsamo, A. A1 - O'Connor, D. A1 - Favre, G. A1 - Phillips, D. T1 - Progress of the European Metrology Network for Advanced Manufacturing N2 - The European Metrology Network (EMN) for Advanced Manufacturing has been established in June 2021. Currently nine EMNs focussing on different important topics of strategic importance for Europe exist and form an integral part of EURAMET, the European Association of National Metrology Institutes (NMI). EMNs are tasked to ▪ develop a high-level coordination of the metrology community in Europe in a close dialogue with the respective stakeholders (SH) ▪ develop a strategic research agenda (SRA) within their thematic areas ▪ provide contributions to the European Partnership on Metrology research programme Based on the analysis of existing metrology infrastructures and capabilities of NMIs, the metrology research needs for advanced manufacturing are identified in close cooperation with academic, governmental and industrial stakeholders. Here, we report on the progress of the EMN for Advanced Manufacturing. T2 - Euspen 22nd International Conference & Exhibition (Euspen 2022) CY - Genf, Switzerland DA - 30.05.2022 KW - JNP AdvManuNet KW - Metrology KW - Advanced manufacturing KW - European Metrology Network KW - EMN PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55805 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Geophysical methods delivering input to geostatistical methods for geotechnical site characterization N2 - Geophysical methods are able to contribute significantly to geotechnical site characterization. In-situ parameters are collected and gaps between boreholes or other direct tests are filled with information. However the limited resolution has to be considered and the indirect geophysical parameters have to be translated into something geotechnically useful. Moreover, the limitations have to be evaluated when including geophysical data into geostatistical models. If done properly, the use of geophysics will help in an efficient and effective site characterization. A comprehensive overview on existing geophysical (mostly seismic) methods is given as well as information on the calibration of geophysical against geotechnical parameters, pitfalls and limitations and some hints how to include these data into geostatistical/geotechnical models. T2 - ICGoES International Conference on Geologicalk Engineering and Geosciences CY - Yogyakarta, Indonesia DA - 21.09.2022 KW - Geophysics KW - Geostatistics KW - Geotechnics PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55806 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - VIDEO A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard T1 - How to run a (lab) SAXS instrument efficiently N2 - Here I talk about our holistic approach to X-ray scattering, and what improvements we made to our methodology to make measuring with us a very streamlined process. KW - laboratory management KW - MOUSE KW - X-ray scattering KW - instrument utilization KW - research efficiency KW - automation KW - metadata collection KW - laboratory automation PY - 2022 UR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncadUQ43Uwc PB - YouTube, LLC CY - San Bruno, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-55761 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob T1 - The Human Factor: Results of a Data Analysis Round Robin N2 - How much do we, the small-angle scatterers, influence the results of an investigation? What uncertainty do we add by our human diversity in thoughts and approaches, and is this significant compared to the uncertainty from the instrumental measurement factors? After our previous Round Robin on data collection, we know that many laboratories can collect reasonably consistent small-angle scattering data on easy samples1. To investigate the next, human component, we compiled four existing datasets from globular (roughly spherical) scatterers, each exhibiting a common complication, and asked the participants to apply their usual methods and toolset to the quantification of the results https://lookingatnothing.com/index.php/archives/3274). Accompanying the datasets was a modicum of accompanying information to help with the interpretation of the data, similar to what we normally receive from our collaborators. More than 30 participants reported back with volume fractions, mean sizes and size distribution widths of the particle populations in the samples, as well as information on their self-assessed level of experience and years in the field. While the Round Robin is still underway (until the 25th of April, 2022), the initial results already show significant spread in the results. Some of these are due to the variety in interpretation of the meaning of the requested parameters, as well as simple human errors, both of which are easy to correct for. Nevertheless, even after correcting for these differences in understanding, a significant spread remains. This highlights an urgent challenge to our community: how can we better help ourselves and our colleagues obtain more reliable results, how could we take the human factor out of the equation, so to speak? In this talk, we will introduce the four datasets, their origins and challenges. Hot off the press, we will summarize the anonymized, quantified results of the Data Analysis Round Robin. (Incidentally, we will also see if a correlation exists between experience and proximity of the result to the median). Lastly, potential avenues for improving our field will be offered based on the findings, ranging from low-effort yet somehow controversial improvements, to high-effort foundational considerations. T2 - International Small-Angle Scattering Conference (SAS2022) CY - Campinas, Brazil DA - 11.09.2022 KW - Round robin KW - Data analysis KW - Small angle scattering KW - Nanomaterials KW - MOUSE KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - Intercomparability KW - Reliability KW - Data analysis round robin KW - Large number of participants PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55762 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deumer, J. A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Marguet, S. A1 - Skroblin, D. A1 - Taché, O. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gollwitzer, C. T1 - Small-angle X-ray scattering: characterization of cubic Au nanoparticles using Debye’s scattering formula N2 - A versatile software package in the form of a Python extension, named CDEF (computing Debye’s scattering formula for extraordinary form factors), is proposed to calculate approximate scattering profiles of arbitrarily shaped nanoparticles for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). CDEF generates a quasi-randomly distributed point cloud in the desired particle shape and then applies the open-source software DEBYER for efficient evaluation of Debye’s scattering formula to calculate the SAXS pattern (https://github.com/j-from-b/CDEF). If self-correlation of the scattering signal is not omitted, the quasi-random distribution provides faster convergence compared with a true-random distribution of the scatterers, especially at higher momentum transfer. The usage of the software is demonstrated for the evaluation of scattering data of Au nanocubes with rounded edges, which were measured at the four-crystal monochromator beamline of PTB at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II in Berlin. The implementation is fast enough to run on a single desktop computer and perform model fits within minutes. The accuracy of the method was analyzed by comparison with analytically known form factors and verified with another implementation, the SPONGE, based on a similar principle with fewer approximations. Additionally, the SPONGE coupled to McSAS3 allows one to retrieve information on the uncertainty of the size distribution using a Monte Carlo uncertainty estimation algorithm. KW - X-ray scattering KW - SAXS KW - Non-spherical nanoparticles KW - Nanoparticles KW - Nanomaterials KW - Debye scattering equation KW - Simulation KW - Data fitting PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557652 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S160057672200499X VL - 55 IS - Pt 4 SP - 993 EP - 1001 PB - International Union of Crystallography CY - Chester, England AN - OPUS4-55765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shaheen, Sabahat T1 - Distributed fiber optic sensing for earthquake monitoring N2 - Earthquake monitoring using geometric phase. Planned foeld measurements at Horstwalde (BAM TTS) are discussed with Professor Serge Shapiro of Free University for a possible collaboration. T2 - Invitation for coolaboration on Earthquake Monitoring project CY - Online Meeting DA - 15.09.22 KW - Coherent Heterodyne KW - Geometric Phase KW - Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55767 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - VIDEO A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard T1 - Just a minute: X-ray scattering N2 - An extremely brief summary of what X-ray scattering can do for you (X-ray scattering encompasses small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS/XRD), amongst others). See my other videos for more detailed explanations on sample selection, data correction, data analysis, etc. KW - X-ray scattering KW - Introduction KW - Materials science KW - Nanostructure investigation KW - MOUSE PY - 2022 UR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWWNQyaCTHA PB - YouTube, LLC CY - San Bruno, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-55768 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Distributed fiber optic sensing @BAM N2 - Research and developement activities of BAM regarding Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing are portrayed using exemplary previous and current projects. Shown results pertain to distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), distributed temperagture sensing (DTS) and distributed strain sensing (DSS). T2 - Seismic seminar FU Berlin (group Prof. Shapiro) CY - Online meeting DA - 15.09.2022 KW - Distributed fiber optic sensing KW - Distributed acoustic sensing KW - Distributed temperature sensing KW - Distributed strain sensing KW - Infrastructure monitoring PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55721 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Rienitz, O. A1 - Pramann, A. A1 - Flierl, L. T1 - Scale Conversion and Uncertainty Calculations in Isotope Delta Measurements N2 - Isotope ratio applications are on the increase and a major part of which are delta measurements, because they are easier to perform than the determination of absolute isotope ratios while offering lower measurement uncertainties. Delta measurements use artefact-based scales and therefore scale conversions are required due to the lack of the scale defining standards. Such scale conversions often form the basis for comparing data being generated in numerous projects andtherefore need to be as accurate as possible. In practice, users are tempted to apply linear approximations, which are not sufficiently exact, because delta values are defined by nonlinear relationships. The bias of such approximations often is beyond typical measurement uncertainties and its extent can hardly be predicted. Therefore, exact calculations are advised. Here, the exact equations and the bias of the approximations are presented, and calculations are illustrated by real-world examples. Measurement uncertainty is indispensable in this context and therefore, its calculation is described as well for determining delta values but also for scale conversions. Approaches for obtaining a single delta measurement and for repeated measurements are presented. For the latter case, a new approach for calculating the measurement uncertainty is presented, which considers covariances between the isotope ratios. KW - Delta isotope standard KW - Delta scale KW - In-house calibration solution KW - Isotope ratios KW - Isotope reference material KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - Scale conversion PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557254 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12450 SN - 1639-4488 VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 773 EP - 787 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-55725 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohlbrecher, J. A1 - Breßler, Ingo T1 - Updates in SASfit for fitting analytical expressions and numerical models to small-angle scattering patterns N2 - Small-angle scattering is an increasingly common method for characterizing particle ensembles in a wide variety of sample types and for diverse areas of application. SASfit has been one of the most comprehensive and flexible curve-fitting programs for decades, with many specialized tools for various fields. Here, a selection of enhancements and additions to the SASfit program are presented that may be of great benefit to interested and advanced users alike: (a) further development of the technical basis of the program, such as new numerical algorithms currently in use, a continuous integration practice for automated building and packaging of the software, and upgrades on the plug-in system for easier adoption by third-party developers; (b) a selection of new form factors for anisotropic scattering patterns and updates to existing form factors to account for multiple scattering effects; (c) a new type of a very flexible distribution called metalog [Keelin (2016). Decis. Anal. 13, 243–277], and regularization techniques such as the expectation-maximization method [Dempster et al. (1977). J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodological), 39, 1–22; Richardson (1972) J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 55; Lucy (1974). Astron. J. 79, 745; Lucy (1994). Astron. Astrophys. 289, 983–994], which is compared with fits of analytical size distributions via the non-linear least-squares method; and (d) new structure factors, especially for ordered nano- and meso-scaled material systems, as well as the Ornstein–Zernike solver for numerical determination of particle interactions and the resulting structure factor when no analytical solution is available, with the aim of incorporating its effects into the small-angle scattering intensity model used for fitting with SASfit. KW - Small-angle scattering KW - Numerical models KW - Structure factors KW - Regularization KW - SAXS KW - SANS PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565069 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576722009037 SN - 0021-8898 SN - 1600-5767 VL - 55 IS - 6 SP - 1677 EP - 1688 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-56506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pérez-Padilla, Victor A1 - Burnage, Samual A1 - Valderrey, Virginia A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Fluorescence detection of perfluorocarboxylic acids with core-shell particles N2 - Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are a family of compounds that consist of a fully perfluorinated carbon backbone and a carboxylic acid moiety1. PFCAs have been classified as substances of very high concern by REACH regulations due to their persistence in the environment, non biodegradability and toxicological effects2. Thus, there is significant interest in detecting PFCAs in ground, waste, surface and drinking water. Fluorescence detection is a portable, easy-to-operate and cost-effective alternative, enabling the onsite detection of these analytes e.g., with miniaturized fluidic sensors. Here, a guanidine benzoxadiazole (BD) dye covalently attached to a polymerizable methacrylate unit was developed for the integration of the dye into polymers and on surfaces. The response behavior of the dye toward PFCAs was assessed in monophasic (EtOAc) and biphasic (EtOAc-H2O) solvent systems, the biphasic system being advantageous for the extraction of the hydrophobic organic acids from the aqueous phase. The BD dye was integrated into sensory silica core-polymer shell particles for the sensing of PFCAs directly in aqueous media. Submicron SiO2 particles were functionalized with 3 (trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate followed by radical polymerization with the BD dye and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. TEM images showed a homogeneous polymer shell with a thickness of 75±2 nm. By incorporating the BD dye into core-shell particles, lower limits of detection (1.52 µM for perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA) were achieved if compared to the use of the neat BD dye in a biphasic assay (17.3 µM for PFOA), and excellent discrimination against inorganic acids thanks to the hydrophobic polymer shell. The particle sensory platform has proven to be an alternative for the sensing of PFCAs directly in water. T2 - 5th International Conference on Applied Surface Science (ICASS) 2022 CY - Palma de Mallorca, Spain DA - 25.04.2022 KW - PFOA KW - Emerging pollutants KW - Polymer nanolayers KW - Fluorescence detection KW - Guanidine benzoxadiazole KW - Core-shell particles PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56513 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pérez-Padilla, Victor A1 - Kimani, Martha Wamaitha A1 - Valderrey, Virginia A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Direct detection of glyphosate in water with fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer particles N2 - Analysis of environmental contaminants such as pesticides is increasing in importance due to frequent detection of residues in water reserves and food stuff, as well as lowering of maximum residue levels (MRLs). Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been developed for preconcentration of these analytes prior to analysis by chromatographic techniques [1]. MIPs are prepared by polymerization of monomers in a matrix containing the analyte, followed by extraction of the analyte to obtain binding sites that are complementary to the analyte of interest. Recently, our group developed MIPs containing fluorescent reporter molecules that can be used for direct detection and quantification of 2,4-D in contaminated water. Core/shell MIP particles were employed, consisting of sub-micron silica nanoparticles coated with a MIP shell containing a fluorescent reporter whose signal was enhanced upon binding with 2,4-D in water. A limit of detection of 20 nM was attained [2]. We present here a comparable system, composed of fluorescent core-shell MIPs for the direct analysis of pesticides in environmental samples. T2 - UK-Poland-Ukraine Bioinspired Materials Conference CY - Online meeting DA - 29.11.2022 KW - Core-Shell Particles KW - Fluorescent Probes KW - Molecularly Imprinted Polymers KW - Glyphosate KW - Guanidinium Receptors PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56514 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Muth, Thilo T1 - QI-CLOUD Perspektiven zur Entwicklung einer digitalen Qualitätsinfrastruktur N2 - In diesem Vortrag wird die Perspektive einer digitalen Qualitätsinfrastruktur (QI) auf informatischer Seite vorgestellt. Eine zu entwickelnde QI-Cloud ist die Grundlage einer verteilten IT-Plattform über die digitalisierte Prozesse der QI abgewickelt, Daten sicher vorgehalten und ausgetauscht sowie digitale Zertifikate ausgestellt werden können. Dazu werden Methoden wie die Distributed Ledger Technologie sowie Smart Standards beschrieben, die das Potential haben, essentielle technologische Bestandteile einer digital transformierten QI zu werden. T2 - VMPA Tagung CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 31.05.2022 KW - Digital quality infrastructure KW - QI-Digital KW - QI-Cloud KW - smart standards PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56680 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Muth, Thilo T1 - The promise of mass spectrometry-based virus proteomics: taking a peek at current bioinformatics applications and limitations N2 - Driven by recent technological advances and the need for improved viral diagnostic applications, mass spectrometry-based proteomics comes into play for detecting viral pathogens accurately and efficiently. However, the lack of specific algorithms and software tools presents a major bottleneck for analyzing data from host-virus samples. For example, accurate species- and strain-level classification of a priori unidentified organisms remains a very challenging task in the setting of large search databases. Another prominent issue is that many existing solutions suffer from the protein inference issue, aggravated because many homologous proteins are present across multiple species. One of the contributing factors is that existing bioinformatic algorithms have been developed mainly for single-species proteomics applications for model organisms or human samples. In addition, a statistically sound framework was lacking to accurately assign peptide identifications to viral taxa. In this presentation, an overview is given on current bioinformatics developments that aim to overcome the above-mentioned issues using algorithmic and statistical methods. The presented methods and software tools aim to provide tailored solutions for both discovery-driven and targeted proteomics for viral diagnostics and taxonomic sample profiling. Furthermore, an outlook is provided on how the bioinformatic developments might serve as a generic toolbox, which can be transferred to other research questions, such as metaproteomics for profiling microbiomes and identifying bacterial pathogens. T2 - European Virus Bioinformatics Center in-silico lecture series CY - Online meeting DA - 28.02.2022 KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Data science KW - Virus detection KW - Bioinformatic algorithms PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56682 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Bresch, Sophie A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Munzke, Dorit A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Eisermann, René A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz A1 - Strohhäcker, J. A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - Sensoren und Analytik für Sicherheit und Prozesskontrolle in Wasserstofftechnologien N2 - Der Beitrag beinhaltet Themen vom H2Safety@BAM-Kompetenzfeld Sensorik, Analytik und zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien (SensRef) mit Fokus auf Mess- und Prüfverfahren mit verschiedenen Sensortechnologien und Ultraschallwellen: Metrologie zur Wasserstoffspeicherung - Euramet-Vorhaben "MefHySto", Erkennung von freigesetztem Wasserstoff sowie die Bestimmung des Wasserstoff-Luftverhälntisses mit Gassensoren, zerstörungsfreie Fehlstellenerkennung mit integriertem Zustandsüberwachungssystem basierend auf geführten Ultraschallwellen zur Lebensdauerüberwachung von Composite-Behältern (Wasserstoffspeicher) sowie faseroptische Sensorik zur Schadenfrüherkennung von Wasserstoffspeichern aufgrund erkennbarer Dehnungsänderungen an Druckbehältern. T2 - DVGW Kongress H2 Sicherheit CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2022 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - SensRef KW - Faseroptische Sensorik KW - Gassensorik KW - Geführte Ultraschallwellen KW - Leckdetektion KW - Metrologie zur Wasserstoffspeicherung KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56683 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Zunkel, Astrid A1 - Klein, Ulrich A1 - Schlischka, Jörg A1 - Klinger, Christian T1 - Materialuntersuchungen zur Schadensanalyse an einem explodierten Umlaufkühler N2 - Ein Umlaufkühler ist im Betrieb explodiert. Splitter des zerborstenen Gehäuses aus Kunststoff wurden mit dem Kühlwasser in die Umgebung geschleudert, am Betriebsort entstand Personenschaden. Bei Funktionsprüfungen am beschädigten Gerät traten unerwartet - aber reproduzierbar - Knalleffekte bei Berührung der Außenoberfläche der Kupfer-Kühlschlange auf. Ein möglicher Mechanismus konnte im Labor durch Synthese von Kupferazid auf Kupferproben und Auslösung vergleichbarer Knalleffekte nachgestellt werden. Damit ist die Plausibilität des beschriebenen Schadensereignisses mit diesem oder einem ähnlich reagierenden Stoff belegt. Ein eindeutiger Nachweis darüber, dass bei dem aufgetretenen Schadensfall dieselbe chemische Reaktion stattgefunden hat, war nicht möglich, da die Belag-Überreste aus dem explodierten Kühlgerät für eine Analyse nicht mehr in ausreichender Menge verfügbar gewesen sind. T2 - BG RCI Präventionstagung, Teil 11 - Inkompatible Systeme – Wenn Chemikalien und Werkstoffe heftig reagieren CY - Online meeting DA - 19.01.2022 KW - Explosion KW - Gutachten KW - Kupferazid KW - Materialuntersuchung KW - Schadensanalyse KW - Umlaufkühler PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56686 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kister, Alexander A1 - Wrobel, S. A1 - Wirtz, T. A1 - Paul, N. T1 - Multi-Agent Neural Rewriter for Vehicle Routing with Limited Disclosure of Costs N2 - We interpret solving the multi-vehicle routing problem as a team Markov game with partially observable costs. For a given set of customers to serve, the playing agents (vehicles) have the common goal to determine the team-optimal agent routes with minimal total cost. Each agent thereby observes only its own cost. Our multi-agent reinforcement learning approach, the so-called multi-agent Neural Rewriter, builds on the single-agent Neural Rewriter to solve the problem by iteratively rewriting solutions. Parallel agent action execution and partial observability require new rewriting rules for the game. We propose the introduction of a so-called pool in the system which serves as a collection point for unvisited nodes. It enables agents to act simultaneously and exchange nodes in a conflict-free manner. We realize limited disclosure of agent-specific costs by only sharing them during learning. During inference, each agents acts decentrally, solely based on its own cost. First empirical results on small problem sizes demonstrate that we reach a performance close to the employed OR-Tools benchmark which operates in the perfect cost information setting. T2 - Gamification and Multiagent Solutions Workshop (ICLR 2022) CY - Online meeting DA - 29.04.2022 KW - Reinforcement learning KW - Deep Learning KW - Vehicle Routing PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56687 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kessler, R. W. A1 - Kessler, W. A1 - Maiwald, Michael ED - Meyers, R. A. T1 - Inline and Online Process Analytical Technology with a Focus on Optical Spectroscopy N2 - Process analytical technology (PAT) is a cross-sectional technology and thus essential for future smart production. While in the past decades, the focus of process optimization strategies was on increasing efficiency, in the future, the focus will be on the sustainability of a production and its products. In addition, products will be increasingly personalized in order to match the property profile exactly to the intended use. PAT is able to provide context-sensitive information at the molecular level for process control. Spectroscopic sensors can determine inline and simultaneously both the chemical composition and its sub-microscopic morphology. The article will focus on the optical spectroscopy and therefore starts with a brief introduction on the basic concepts of molecular spectroscopy. In addition, the particularities of measuring liquids, surfaces, or particulate systems in PAT applications are described. This should enable the reader to select the appropriate method for the specific problem. Many examples from everyday industrial practice illustrate the applications. The areas covered are the manufacturing industry, process and pharmaceutical industry, food industry, as well as biotechnology and medical technology. Future will show that PAT is especially important for applications in the field of medicine (point of care) circular economy (recycling, water–wastewater, etc.). It is important to emphasize that sustainability in industrial production can only be successful with an inter- and transdisciplinary close exchange between the different disciplines. KW - Process Analytical Technology KW - Optical Spectroscopy KW - Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry KW - Sensors KW - Process Industry PY - 2022 SN - 978-0-47002-731-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a9791 SP - 1 EP - 31 PB - JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd. AN - OPUS4-56688 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Ashari, Parsa Asna A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in North Macedonia - A QI-FoKuS study N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in North Macedonia. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. This study is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565986 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56598 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Melzer, Michael A1 - Kreuter, Daniel A1 - Pelkner, Matthias T1 - Flexible GMR sensors for novel flux leakage testing capabilities N2 - In order to detect small and hidden material defects or micro-cracks, weak and localized magnetic stray fields need to be detected and characterized on the magnetic surface. Current flux leakage sensor elements are rigid and rely on air gaps to detect stray fields several hundred micrometers above the surface. Furthermore, the increasing complexity of critical components, enabled by novel fabrication technologies, primarily additive manufacturing, poses a significant challenge to the available flux leakage testing technologies. The emergence of flexible magneto-electronics paves the way to a compliant form of magnetic sensors that, on one hand, are able to adapt to highly curved surfaces, allowing these measurements to be conducted on irregularly formed components, which are inaccessible for nowadays electromagnetic NDT equipment and, on the other hand, could enhance the detection limit for small magnetic stray fields, by allowing the magneto-sensitive elements to approximate the object’s surface until only a few µm, mediated by thin and flexible packaging. T2 - 38th Danubia-Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Poros, Greece DA - 20.09.2022 KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Flux leakage testing KW - Flexible sensorics KW - GMR Sensors KW - Flexible electronics PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56628 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bauer, R. A1 - Pham, M. A1 - Becker, T. A1 - Melzer, Michael A1 - Pelkner, Matthias A1 - Böhle, B. A1 - op den Winkel, F. A1 - Kliche, K. A1 - Welker, F. A1 - Becker, P. A1 - Pfeffer, A. A1 - Gerber, J. A1 - Holzhey, R. A1 - Wenzel, B. A1 - Slatter, R. A1 - Grönefeld, M. A1 - Nasaruk, M. A1 - Buß, R. A1 - Hille, P. A1 - Bartos, A. A1 - Schreiner, I. T1 - Anforderungen an die technische Darstellung von magnetischen Maßverkörperungen in Konstruktionszeichnungen N2 - Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an die technische Darstellung von Geometrie und magnetischen Eigenschaften in Konstruktionszeichnungen von magnetischen Maßverkörperungen fest und definiert die dazu notwendige Terminologie. KW - Magnetische Maßverkörperungen KW - Konstruktionszeichnungen KW - Terminologie KW - Magnetische Messsysteme PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.31030/3359425 IS - DIN SPEC 91411:2022-08 SP - 1 EP - 48 PB - Beuth CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56631 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nickl, Philip A1 - Hilal, T. A1 - Olal, D. A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Ludwig, K. A1 - Haag, R. T1 - A New Support Film for Cryo Electron Microscopy Protein Structure Analysis Based on Covalently Functionalized Graphene N2 - Protein adsorption at the air–water interface is a serious problem in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) as it restricts particle orientations in the vitrified ice-film and promotes protein denaturation. To address this issue, the preparation of a graphene-based modified support film for coverage of conventional holey carbon transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids is presented. The chemical modification of graphene sheets enables the universal covalent anchoring of unmodified proteins via inherent surface-exposed lysine or cysteine residues in a one-step reaction. Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) trough approach is applied for deposition of functionalized graphene sheets onto commercially available holey carbon TEM grids. The application of the modified TEM grids in single particle analysis (SPA) shows high protein binding to the surface of the graphene-based support film. Suitability for high resolution structure determination is confirmed by SPA of apoferritin. Prevention of protein denaturation at the air–water interface and improvement of particle orientations is shown using human 20S proteasome, demonstrating the potential of the support film for structural biology. KW - Functionalized graphene KW - Transmission electron microsocpy KW - Protein structure PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-566443 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202205932 SN - 1613-6810 SP - 2205932 PB - Wiley VCH AN - OPUS4-56644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. ED - Galbács, G. T1 - Calibration-Free Quantitative Analysis N2 - Calibration-free methods in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, CF LIBS, serve as an alternative to calibration-based LIBS techniques. Their major advantage is the ability for fast chemical analysis in situations where matrix-matched standards are not readily available (as, e.g., in the analysis of biological materials and remote analysis) or amount of samples are limited. Their main applications are in the industry, geology, biology, archeology, and even space exploration. This chapter overviews the principle of operation and performance of CF LIBS techniques. KW - Laser induced plasma KW - Calibration-free LIBS PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-14501-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14502-5 SP - 67 EP - 100 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG AN - OPUS4-56651 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bühling, Benjamin A1 - Maack, Stefan T1 - Using a spectral entropy criterion for improved onset picking in ultrasonic testing N2 - In ultrasonic testing, the time of flight (ToF) of a signal can be used to infer material and structural properties of a test item. In dispersive media, extracting the bulk wave velocity from a received signal is challenging as the waveform changes along its path of propagation. When using signal features such as the first peak or the envelope maximum, the calculated velocity changes with the propagation distance. This does not occur when picking the signal onset. Borrowing from seismology, researchers used the Akaike information criterion (AIC) picker to automatically obtain onset times. In addition to being dependent on arbitrarily set parameters, the AIC picker assumes no prior knowledge of the spectral properties of the signal. This is unnecessary in ultrasonic through-transmission testing, where the signal spectrum is known to differ significantly from noise. In this contribution, a novel parameter-free onset picker is proposed, that is based on a spectral entropy criterion (SEC) to model the signal using the AIC framework. Synthetic and experimental data are used to compare the performance of SEC and AIC pickers, showing an improved accuracy for densely sampled data. T2 - 183rd Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 05.12.2022 KW - ToF KW - Arrival time KW - Nondestructive testing KW - Through-transmission KW - AIC picker PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56616 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander A1 - Hoffmann, Volker A1 - Morcillo, Dalia A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Leonhardt, Robert A1 - Richter, Silke A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique A1 - You, Zengchao T1 - Investigation of degradation of the aluminum current collector in lithium-ion batteries by GD-OES N2 - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one technology to overcome the challenges of climate and energy crisis. They are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, or as storage for renewable energy sources. However, despite innovations in batteries' components like cathode and anode materials, separators, and electrolytes, the aging mechanism related to metallic aluminum current collector degradation causes a significant drop in their performance and prevents the durable use of LIBs. Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) is a powerful method for depth-profiling of batteries' electrode materials. This work investigates aging-induced aluminum deposition on commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries' cathodes. The results illustrate the depth-resolved elemental distribution from the cathode surface to the current collector. An accumulation of aluminum is found on the cathode surface by GD-OES, consistent with results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) combined with focused ion beam (FIB) cutting. In comparison to FIB-EDX, GD-OES allows a fast and manageable depth-profiling. Results from different positions on an aged cathode indicate an inhomogeneous aluminum film growth on the surface. The conclusions from these experiments can lead to a better understanding of the degradation of the aluminum current collector, thus leading to higher lifetimes of LIBs. T2 - Empa Group Meeting CY - Dübendorf, Switzerland DA - 22.11.2022 KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - GD-OES KW - FIB KW - SEM KW - EDX PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56584 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuner, Maximilian A1 - Kühn, Susanne A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Haase, Hajo T1 - Cleaving ergot alkaloids - development of a novel food screening method N2 - Mycotoxins (toxic compounds formed by fungi) in food and feed have caused problems for mankind since the beginning of time. The group of ergot alkaloids plays a special role in human history. Several tens of thousands of deaths during the middle ages caused by to ergotism (the disease caused by continuous intake of ergot alkaloid contaminated food) underscore the importance of reliable analytical methods to ensure food safety. More than 50 compounds belong to the group of ergot alkaloids. The 12 most found structures – the major ergot alkaloids – are typically measured, when it comes to ergot alkaloid quantification. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) is typically used to quantify the ergot alkaloid content. The main disadvantage of this method are the high costs for calibration standards (12 different calibration substances are required). But also, the time and effort required for the analysis of 12 peaks and overlapping signals that occur in complex food samples such as bread. As all ergot alkaloids share the ergoline structure and just differ in the substituents attached to this backbone, measurement of all ergot alkaloids in one sum parameter presents a time and cost saving alternative. The most important step for the development of such a sum parameter method is the reaction used to transfer all ergot alkaloids to one uniform structure. Two promising reactions, the acidic esterification to lysergic acid methyl ester and hydrazinolysis to lysergic acid hydrazide, were examined for possible use in a routine analysis method. In addition to yield and reaction rate, factors such as handling of the reaction and the possibility of parallel sample workup play a role. T2 - Adlershofer Forschungsforum 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2022 KW - Ergot alkaloids KW - Screening PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuner, Maximilian T1 - Quantification of ergot alkaloids - a glimpse into the future N2 - Mycotoxins (toxins formed by fungi) in food and have caused problems for mankind since the beginning of time. The group of ergot alkaloids plays a special role in human history. Several tens of thousands of deaths during the middle ages caused by to ergotism (the disease caused by continuous intake of ergot alkaloid contaminated food) underscore the importance of reliable analytical methods to ensure food safety. More than 50 compounds belong to the group of ergot alkaloids. The 12 most found structures – the major ergot alkaloids – are typically measured, when it comes to ergot alkaloid quantification. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) is typically used to quantify the ergot alkaloid content. The main disadvantage of this method are the high costs for calibration standards (12 different calibration substances are required). But also the time and effort required for the analysis of 12 peaks and overlapping signals that occur in complex food samples such as bread. As all ergot alkaloids share the ergoline structure and just differ in the substituents attached to this backbone, measurement of all ergot alkaloids in one sum parameter presents a time and cost saving alternative. The most important step for the development of such a sum parameter method is the reaction used to transfer all ergot alkaloids to one uniform structure. In the talk two promising reactions, the acidic esterification to lysergic acid methyl ester and hydrazinolysis to lysergic acid hydrazide, are examined for possible use in a routine analysis method. In addition to yield and reaction rate, factor such as the handling of the reaction and the possibility of parallelization play a role. Next to the current status of the ongoing research project, in this talk, current approaches to ergot alkaloid quantitation will be discussed. T2 - FOODMETNET MycoTWIN JOINT TRAINING COURSE 2022 CY - Gebze, Turkey DA - 22.11.2022 KW - Ergot alkaloids KW - Sum Parameter PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56586 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Khanipour, Peyman T1 - Real time mass spectrometry - From Unravelling Electrochemical Reaction Mechanism to Trace Analysis of Impurities in Hydrogen Gas N2 - Climate change and related energy policies, exacerbated by unforeseen geopolitical developments, pose new challenges for gas analytics, such as the use of hydrogen, hydrogen-containing alternative gaseous fuels (NH3, etc.), the use of alternative methane-based energy gases (LNG, LPG, etc.) or decarbonisation via CCSU. In all topics, the quality, i.e. the actual chemical composition of the gases, naturally plays a decisive role. BAM is meeting this strategic importance with the further development of hydrogen analytics and is continuing to develop the methods used in order to support the German economy and research landscape with traceability, reference materials and analytical procedures as quickly as possible. Mass spectrometry plays an important role for trace analysis in hydrogen matrix. The presentation shows first experimental results from the application of PTR-TOF-MS (Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry). T2 - 11th International GAS Analysis Symosium & Exhibition CY - Paris, France DA - 17.05.2022 KW - Gas Analysis KW - Hydrogen KW - Metrology KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Trace Analysis PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56589 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Melzer, Michael T1 - Taxonomie magnetischer Maßverkörperungen N2 - Darstellung der Taxonomie magnetischer Maßverkörperungen im Zusammenhang mit der DIN SPEC 91411 "Anforderungen an die technische Darstellung von magnetischen Maßverkörperungen in Konstruktionszeichnungen" KW - Magnetische Maßverkörperungen KW - Magnetische Messysteme KW - Taxonomie PY - 2022 UR - https://innomag.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/DIN-SPEC-Poster_final.pdf SP - 1 EP - 1 PB - Innovationsplattform Magnetische Mikrosysteme INNOMAG CY - Kaiserslautern AN - OPUS4-56633 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Magkos, Sotirios T1 - Iterative reconstruction from under-sampled Computed Tomography data N2 - In X-ray computed tomography (XCT), an X-ray beam of intensity I0 is transmitted through an object and its attenuated intensity I is measured when it exits the object. The attenuation of the beam depends on the attenuation coefficients along its path. The attenuation coefficients provide information about the structure and composition of the object and can be determined through mathematical operations that are referred to as reconstruction. The standard reconstruction algorithms are based on the filtered backprojection (FBP) of the measured data. While these algorithms are fast and relatively simple, they do not always succeed in computing a precise reconstruction, especially from under-sampled data. Alternatively, an image or volume can be reconstructed by solving a system of linear equations. Typically, the system of equations is too large to be solved but its solution can be approximated by iterative methods, such as the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) and the Conjugate Gradient Least Squares (CGLS). This dissertation focuses on the development of a novel iterative algorithm, the Direct Iterative Reconstruction of Computed Tomography Trajectories (DIRECTT). After its reconstruction principle is explained, its performance is assessed for real parallel- and cone-beam CT (including under-sampled) data and compared to that of other established algorithms. Finally, it is demonstrated how the shape of the measured object can be modelled into DIRECTT to achieve even better reconstruction results. KW - Computed tomography KW - DIRECTT KW - Iterative algorithm KW - X-ray imaging KW - Metrics PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 94 PB - Universitätsbibliothek Potsdam CY - Potsdam AN - OPUS4-56465 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Linberg, Kevin A1 - Röder, Bettina A1 - Al-Sabbagh, Dominik A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Michalchuk, Adam T1 - Controlling polymorphism in molecular cocrystals by variable temperature ball milling N2 - Mechanochemistry offers a unique opportunity to modify and manipulate crystal forms, often providing new products as compared with conventional solution methods. While promising, there is little known about how to control the solid form through mechanochemical means, demanding dedicated investigations. Using a model organic cocrystal system (isonicotinamide:glutaric acid), we here demonstrate that with mechanochemistry, polymorphism can be induced in molecular solids under conditions seemingly different to their conventional thermodynamic (thermal) transition point. Whereas Form II converts to Form I upon heating to 363 K, the same transition can be initiated under ball milling conditions at markedly lower temperatures (348 K). Our results indicate that mechanochemical techniques can help to reduce the energy barriers to solid form transitions, offering new insights into controlling polymorphic forms. Moreover, our results suggest that the nature of mechanochemical transformations could make it difficult to interpret mechanochemical solid form landscapes using conventional equilibrium-based tools. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Polymorphism KW - TRIS PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-564728 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2fd00115b SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-56472 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Linberg, Kevin A1 - Röder, Bettina A1 - Al-Sabbagh, Dominik A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Michalchuk, Adam T1 - Polymorphism in molecular cocrystals controlled by variable temperature ball milling N2 - Mechanochemistry offers a unique opportunity to modify or synthesize new crystal forms. Although the method is very promising, little is known about the mechanochemical means to control the synthesis of a solid form. Using an polymorphic organic cocrystal system, we show here that mechanochemistry can be used to obtain a polymorph transformation under the apparently conventional (thermal) transition point. T2 - Bessy User Meeting 2022 CY - Online meeting DA - 08.12.2022 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Polymorphism KW - TRIS PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56473 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prabhakara, Prathik A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Stolpe, Heiko A1 - Behrens, Matthias A1 - Lay, Vera A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Validation of novel ultrasonic phased array borehole probe by using simulation and measurement N2 - Low-frequency ultrasonic testing is a well-established non-destructive testing (NDT) method in civil engineering for material characterization and the localization of cracks, reinforcing bars and delamination. A novel ultrasonic borehole probe is developed for in situ quality assurance of sealing structures in radioactive waste repositories using existing research boreholes. The aim is to examine the sealing structures made of salt concrete for any possible cracks and delamination and to localize built-in components. A prototype has been developed using 12 individual horizontal dry point contact (DPC) shear wave transducers separated by equidistant transmitter/receiver arrays. The probe is equipped with a commercially available portable ultrasonic flaw detector used in the NDT civil engineering industry. To increase the sound pressure generated, the number of transducers in the novel probe is increased to 32 transducers. In addition, the timed excitation of each transducer directs a focused beam of sound to a specific angle and distance based on the previously calculated delay time. This narrows the sensitivity of test volume and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signals. In this paper, the newly designed phased array borehole probe is validated by beam computation in the CIVA software and experimental investigations on a half-cylindrical test specimen to investigate the directional characteristics. In combination with geophysical reconstruction methods, it is expected that an optimised radiation pattern of the probe will improve the signal quality and thus increase the reliability of the imaging results. This is an important consideration for the construction of safe sealing structures for the safe disposal of radioactive or toxic waste. KW - Ultrasound KW - Phased array KW - Concrete KW - Borehole PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565722 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249823 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 24 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Moufid, M. A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - El Bari, N. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Bouchikhi, B. T1 - Advance in electronic nose technology developed for the detection and discrimination of ethanol, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide gases N2 - This work focuses on the design and fabrication of low-cost and fast-response of an electronic nose (E-nose) based on semiconductor gas sensors, for discriminating some synthetic gases such as ammonia (NH3), ethanol (C2H5OH), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Additionally, the capability of separating different concentration levels of each considered gases was checked. Dataset treatment of E-nose by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a good discrimination of the different synthetic gases. Furthermore, perfect classification was reached of different concentration levels of the analysed gases by using Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). In the light of these results, it could be stated that the developed E-nose system constitutes an inexpensive, rapid, simple to use, and efficient tool for synthetic gases detection. T2 - IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN) CY - Aveiro, Portugal DA - 29.05.2022 KW - Electronic nose KW - Metal oxide semiconductor KW - Chemometric techniques KW - Environmental analysis PY - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-5860-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISOEN54820.2022.9789636 SP - 1 EP - 3 AN - OPUS4-56574 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -