TY - JOUR A1 - Beyer, Sebastian A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Schürmann, Robin A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Zimathies, Annett A1 - Blocki, Anna A1 - Bald, Ilko A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Ultra-sonication of ZIF-67 crystals results in ZIF-67 nano-flakes JF - ChemistrySelect N2 - Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) are crystalline materials that comprise of metal nodes and Imidazole derivatives as linkers. ZIF-67 is often used in polymer composite materials e. g. for gas separation membranes. Post-synthesis treatment of ZIF-67 crystals with ultrasound leads to unforeseen plasticity that resulted in sintered ZIF-67 and ZIF-67 nano-flakes. Consequently, ultrasound increases the external surface area of ZIF-67 which might improve e.g. blending with polymers in composite materials. These new morphologies of ZIF-67 were characterized by transmission electron, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy. The ultrasound treatment of ZIF-67 did not result in the formation of an amorphous framework or a meta-stable crystal structure as indicated by powder x-ray diffraction. In addition, ultra-sonicated ZIF-67 retained the high gas adsorption capacity and pore size compared to synthesized ZIF-67. The morphological changes are hard to detect with standard analytical methods that are usually utilized for MOF characterization. These findings also suggest that sonochemical treatment of ZIFs leads to structural effects beyond increasing the amount of nucleation clusters during sono-chemical synthesis, which is currently not addressed in the field. KW - ZIF PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201601513 SN - 2365-6549 VL - 1 IS - 18 SP - 5905 EP - 5908 AN - OPUS4-38496 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fernandez, L. A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Cunha, A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Tome, J. P. C. T1 - Photodegradation of organic pollutants in water by immobilized porphyrins and phthalocyanines JF - Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines N2 - New methods for water treatment are required as a result from an increasing awareness in the reduction of the pollution impact in the environment. In the perspective of the photo-oxidation of organic pollutants present in water, the principal incentive for the preparation of heterogeneous photocatalysts is their easy recovery from the reaction mixture, which allows their reuse in successive runs, minimizing the loss of their original photocatalytic properties. Different types of supports can be used in the immobilization of photoactive species, such as porphyrins (Pors) and phthalocyanines (Pcs). This mini-review will consider the different methodologies for the immobilization of Pors and Pcs and their photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of organic pollutants in water, addressing also their recycling ability in successive water treatments. KW - Porphyrins KW - Phthalocyanines KW - Water treatment KW - Organic pollutants KW - Advanced oxidation processes KW - Heterogeneous photocatalysis KW - TiO2 KW - Microporous KW - Nanoparticles PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1142/S108842461630007X VL - 2016 IS - 20 SP - 150 EP - 166 PB - World Scientific Publishing AN - OPUS4-38503 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scala-Benuzzi, M. L. A1 - Takara, E. A. A1 - Alderete, M. A1 - Soler-Illia, G. J. A. A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Raba, J. A1 - Messina, G. A. T1 - Ethinylestradiol quantification in drinking water sources using a fluorescent paper based immunosensor JF - Microchemical Journal N2 - In this work we report a novel paper-based analytical device read-out via LED-induced fluorescence detection (FPAD) for the quantification of the emerging pollutant ethinylestradiol (EE2) in river water samples. The PAD was used as a reaction platform for a competitive enzyme immunoassay. For the PAD development, microzones of filter paper, printed by a wax printing method, were modified with amino-functionalized SBA-15 and subsequently, anti-EE2 specific antibodies were covalently immobilized. The determination of EE2 in water was carried out by adding a fixed concentration of EE2 conjugated with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to samples and standards. Then, the FPAD were added and incubated for 10 min. Finally, the detection was performed by the reaction of 10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (ADHP) whose oxidation is catalyzed by HRP in the presence of H2O2, obtaining the highly fluorescent resorufin (R). Resorufin was detected by LED excitation at 550 nm, observing emission at 585 nm. The EE2 concentration in the samples was inversely proportional to the relative fluorescence obtained from the enzymatic reaction products. The FPAD assay showed a detection Limit (LOD) of 0.05 ng L−1 and coefficients of variation (CV) below 4.5% within-assay and below 6.5% between-assay, respectively. The results obtained show the potential suitability of our FPAD for the selective and sensitive quantification of EE2 in river water samples. In addition, it has the PADs advantages of being disposable, easy to apply and inexpensive. KW - Immunoassay KW - Arzneimittel KW - Antikörper KW - LED-induzierte Fluoreszenz KW - Paper based devices KW - Mesoporöses Silica KW - Partikel PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.038 SN - 0026-265X VL - 141 SP - 287 EP - 293 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam, NL AN - OPUS4-45269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abdelshafi, Nahla A. A1 - Bell, Jérémy A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for the trace analysis of cocaine in water and body fluids JF - Drug Testing and Analysis N2 - Quick but accurate testing and on‐the‐spot monitoring of cocaine in oral fluids and urine continues to be an important toxicological issue. In terms of drug testing, a number of devices have been introduced into the market in recent decades, notably for workplace inspection or roadside testing. However, these systems do not always fulfill the requirements in terms of reliability, especially when low cut‐off levels are required. With respect to surface water, the presence of anthropogenic small organic molecules such as prescription and over‐the‐counter pharmaceuticals as well as illicit drugs like cannabinoids, heroin, or cocaine, has become a challenge for scientists to develop new analytical tools for screening and on‐site analysis because many of them serve as markers for anthropogenic input and consumer behavior. Here, a modular approach for the detection of cocaine is presented, integrating an electrochemical enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed on antibody‐grafted magnetic beads in a hybrid microfluidic sensor utilizing flexible tubing, static chip and screen‐printed electrode (SPE) elements for incubation, recognition, and cyclic voltammetry measurements. A linear response of the sensor vs. the logarithm of cocaine concentration was obtained with a limit of detection of 0.15 ng/L. Within an overall assay time of 25 minutes, concentrations down to 1 ng/L could be reliably determined in water, oral fluids, and urine, the system possessing a dynamic working range up to 1 mg/L. KW - ELISA KW - Kokain KW - Lab-on-chip KW - Speichel KW - Urin KW - Drogenanalytik KW - Schnelltest KW - Biosensor PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2515 SN - 1942-7611 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 492 EP - 500 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA AN - OPUS4-46888 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scala-Benuzzi, M. L. A1 - Raba, J. A1 - Soler-Illia, G. J. A. A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Messina, G. A. T1 - Novel electrochemical paper-based immunocapture assay for the quantitative determination of ethinylestradiol in water samples JF - Analytical Chemistry N2 - We report a novel and innovative electrochemical paper-based immunocapture assay (EPIA) to address the need for ultrasensitive detection of emerging pollutants without regulatory status and whose effects on environment and human health are not completely yet understood. In particular, we present the application of this system toward highly sensitive detection of the emerging pollutant ethinyl estradiol (EE2). The EPIA approach is based on the use of paper microzones modified with silica nanoparticles (SNs) and anti-EE2 specific antibodies for capture and preconcentration of EE2 from river water samples. After the preconcentration procedure, the paper microzones are placed onto a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with electrochemically reduced graphene (RG). The bound EE2 is subsequently desorbed adding a diluted solution of sulfuric acid on the paper microzones. Finally, recovered EE2 is electrochemically detected by OSWV. The proposed novel methodology showed an appropriate LOD and linear range for the quantification of EE2 for water samples with different origins. The nonsophisticated equipment required, the adequate recovery values obtained (from 97% to 104%, with a RSD less than 4.9%), and the appropriate LOD and linear range value (0.1 ng L−1 and 0.5−120 ng L−1, respectively) achieved by our immunocapture sensor present significant analytical figures of merit, particularly when the routine quantification of EE2 is considered. In addition, our System was based on electrochemical paper-based technology, which allows obtainment of portable, easy-to-use, inexpensive, and disposable devices. The EPIA can also serve as a general-purpose immunoassay platform applicable to quantitation of other drugs and emerging pollutants in environmental samples. KW - Immunoassay KW - EE2 KW - Estrogens KW - Screen-printed electrode KW - Square-wave voltammetry PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00028 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 90 IS - 6 SP - 4104 EP - 4111 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, D.C., USA AN - OPUS4-44690 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Almeida, Ângela A1 - Calisto, Vânia A1 - Domingues, M. Rosário M. A1 - Esteves, Valdemar I. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Soares, Amadeu M.V.M. A1 - Figueira, Etelvina A1 - Freitas, Rosa T1 - Comparison of the toxicological impacts of carbamazepine and a mixture of its photodegradation products in Scrobicularia plana JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials N2 - In the aquatic environment, pharmaceutical drugs are submitted to degradation processes, where pho-todegradation is one of the most important mechanisms affecting the fate, persistence and toxicity of thecompounds. Carbamazepine, a widely used antiepileptic, is known to suffer photodegradation in waterbodies and generate photoproducts, some of them with higher potential toxicity than the parent com-pound. Therefore, to evaluate the toxic effects of CBZ when combined with its photoproducts, an acuteexposure (96 h) with the edible clam Scrobicularia plana was performed using environmental concentra-tions of CBZ (0.00–9.00 µg/L) irradiated (and non-irradiated) with simulated solar radiation. The analysisof the irradiated CBZ solutions by mass spectrometry revealed the formation of 5 photoproducts, includ-ing acridine (a compound known to be carcinogenic). Oxidative stress results showed that the exposureto CBZ photoproducts did not increase the toxicity to clams, by comparison with the parent compound. KW - Pharmaceutical drugs KW - Photodegradation KW - Biomarkers KW - Oxidative stress KW - Bivalves PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.009 VL - 323 SP - 220 EP - 232 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-39151 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scala-Benuzzi, M. L. A1 - Soler-Illia, G. J. A. A. A1 - Rabia, J. A1 - Battaglini, F. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Pereira, S. V. A1 - Messina, G. A. T1 - Immunosensor based on porous gold and reduced graphene platform for the determination of EE2 by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy JF - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry N2 - In this work, we report an electrochemical immunosensor to detect ethinylestradiol in water samples, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a detection technique. For the development of this immunosensor, the direct modification of the working electrode of a screen-printed carbon electrode was carried out. First, to reduce the resistance of the electrode, electroreduced graphene was incorporated on the surface. Second, a porous gold structure was electrodeposited on reduced graphene by electrodeposition and the dynamic hydrogen bubble template assisted method. Thus, a marked increase in surface area was obtained for anti-EE2 antibodies immobilization. Subsequently, the specific anti-EE2 antibodies were covalently immobilized using α-lipoic acid for attaching them to the gold surface. The electrode modified with the antibodies was incubated for 30 min in the samples containing EE2, producing the specific Antigen antibody binding. As the charge transfer resistance of a redox probe in the electrode surface is governed by the surface blocking effects, the charge transfer resistance was related to the amount of EE2 captured to realize a quantitative determination. For this, the EIS measurements were performed in a 4 mM [Fe(CN)6]4−/3− solution in 0.1 M KCl. The obtained Nyquist diagrams were adjusted using the Randles circuit as an equivalent circuit to obtain the corresponding resistances. The developed methodology showed good selectivity, precision, and sensitivity; although the LOD obtained was higher than those presented in other published articles, it turned out to be an alternative that allows the determination of ethinylestradiol using a simple disposable electrode. KW - Ethinylestradiol KW - Biosensor KW - Elektrochemisch KW - Impedanz PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115604 SN - 1572-6657 VL - 897 SP - 115604 EP - 115611 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-54048 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberleitner, Lidia A1 - Garbe, L.-A. A1 - Dahmen-Levison, Ursula A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Improved strategies for selection and characterization of new monoclonal anticarbamazepine antibodies during the screening process using feces and fluorescence polarization immunoassay JF - Analytical Methods N2 - Immunoassays are suitable tools for high-throughput screenings. The prerequisite for accurate determinations by these methods is the selection of an excellent antibody. The production and selection of monoclonal antibodies is usually a tedious process. In this study, new strategies for improving antibody production and characterization were applied. This includes the monitoring of the immunization progress in mice through antibodies extracted from feces, which allows a time-resolved and animal-friendly monitoring of the immune response. Additionally, fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) could be successfully applied for fast and easy examination of cell culture supernatants and the investigation of antibody/antigen interactions including kinetics and fluorescence properties. These methods simplify the selection of the optimal antibody. As a target analyte, carbamazepine was chosen. This is a widely used antiepileptic drug which also frequently occurs in the environment. The new antibody enables CBZ determination in the concentration range 0.66–110 µg L-1 within 10 min using a high-throughput microtiter plate-based FPIA, and between 1.4 and 79 µg L-1 within 5 min applying an automated cuvette-based FPIA instrument, and from 0.05–36 µg L-1 using ELISA. The measurements were performed at a non-equilibrium state which improved the sensitivity and selectivity of the assays. Due to low cross-reactivity especially towards the main CBZ metabolite and other pharmaceuticals (<1%), this antibody gives the opportunity for application in medical and environmental analyses. KW - Antikörper KW - Emerging Pollutants KW - Schadstoffe KW - Monoklonal KW - Pharmazeutika KW - Arzneistoffe KW - Assay KW - Pesticide parathion-methyl KW - Waste-water KW - Samples KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Quantification PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-392473 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ay01968d SN - 1759-9660 VL - 8 SP - 6883 EP - 6894 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-39247 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raysyan, Anna A1 - Moerer, R. A1 - Coesfeld, Bianca A1 - Eremin, S. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the determination of diclofenac in wastewater JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry N2 - Pharmacologically active compounds are often detected in wastewater and surface waters. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) was included in the European watch list of substances that requires its environmental monitoring in the member states. DCF may harmfully influence the ecosystem already at concentrations ≤ 1 μg L−1. The fast and easy quantification of DCF is becoming a subject of global importance. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a homogeneous mix-and-read method which does not require the immobilization of reagents. FPIA can be performed in one phase within 20–30 min, making it possible to analyse wastewater without any complicated pre-treatment. In this study, new tracermolecules with different structures, linking fluorophores to derivatives of the analyte, were synthesized, three homologous tracers based on DCF, two including a C6 spacer, and one heterologous tracer derived from 5-hydroxy-DCF. The tracer molecules were thoroughly assessed for performance. Regarding sensitivity of the FPIA, the lowest limit of detection reached was 2.0 μg L−1 with a working range up to 870 μg L−1. The method was validated for real wastewater samples against LC-MS/MS as reference method with good agreement of both methods. KW - Abwasser KW - Umweltschadstoffe KW - Antikörper KW - Antibody PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-518398 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-03058-w SN - 1618-2642 VL - 413 IS - 4 SP - 999 EP - 107 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-51839 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ecke, Alexander A1 - Bell, Jérémy A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - A three-dimensional microfluidic flow cell and system integration for improved electrochemical substrate detection in HRP/TMB-based immunoassays JF - Sensors & Diagnostics N2 - Immunoassays, based on the recognition and capture of analytes by highly selective antibodies, are now used extensively in all areas of diagnostics, but the challenge is to further integrate them into online sensors. To improve the transition from laboratory immunoassays to immunosensors, we have developed a complete flow system, based on a microfluidic core flow cell to enable automated detection of one of the most commonly used immunoassay substrates, TMB, by chronoamperometry. The architecture and fluidic optimisation of the system showed that a specially designed 3D flow cell allows higher flow rates (500 μL min−1) than a standard enlarged microfluidic channel (50 μL min−1) resulting in a significantly shorter detection time of 30 seconds per sample and making the system more robust against interferences due to bubble formation in the chip. The electrochemical measurements showed an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and thus higher sensitivity for a model immunoassay for diclofenac (SNR = 59), compared to the analytical performance of a conventional laboratory microplate-based assay with optical detection (SNR = 19). In general, this system facilitates the conversion of any conventional immunoassay into an immunosensor with automatic and continuous detection. KW - Microfluidic KW - Immunoassay KW - Electrochemical KW - Mikrofluidik KW - Immunassay KW - Elektrochemie PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-580159 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sd00095h VL - 2 SP - 887 EP - 892 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London, United Kingdom AN - OPUS4-58015 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ecke, Alexander A1 - Westphalen, Tanja A1 - Hornung, J. A1 - Voetz, M. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - A rapid magnetic bead-based immunoassay for sensitive determination of diclofenac JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry N2 - Increasing contamination of environmental waters with pharmaceuticals represents an emerging threat for the drinking water quality and safety. In this regard, fast and reliable analytical methods are required to allow quick countermeasures in case of contamination. Here, we report the development of a magnetic bead-based immunoassay (MBBA) for the fast and cost-effective determination of the analgesic diclofenac (DCF) in water samples, based on diclofenac-coupled magnetic beads and a robust monoclonal anti-DCF antibody. A novel synthetic strategy for preparation of the beads resulted in an assay that enabled for the determination of diclofenac with a significantly lower limit of detection (400 ng/L) than the respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With shorter incubation times and only one manual washing step required, the assay demands for remarkably shorter time to result (< 45 min) and less equipment than ELISA. Evaluation of assay precision and accuracy with a series of spiked water samples yielded results with low to moderate intra- and inter-assay variations and in good agreement with LC–MS/MS reference analysis. The assay principle can be transferred to other, e.g., microfluidic, formats, as well as applied to other analytes and may replace ELISA as the standard immunochemical method. KW - Immunoassay KW - Magnetic beads KW - Diclofenac KW - Water analysis KW - LC-MS/MS PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-542346 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03778-7 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 414 SP - 1563 EP - 1573 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-54234 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raysyan, Anna A1 - Zwigart, S. A1 - Eremin, S. A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - BPA Endocrine Disruptor Detection at the Cutting Edge: FPIA and ELISA Immunoassays JF - Biosensors N2 - BPA is a chemical commonly used in the production of polymer-based materials that can have detrimental effects on the thyroid gland and impact human reproductive health. Various expensive methods, such as liquid and gas chromatography, have been suggested for detecting BPA. The fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is an inexpensive and efficient homogeneous mix-and-read method that allows for high-throughput screening. FPIA offers high specificity and sensitivity and can be carried out in a single phase within a timeframe of 20–30 min. In this study, new tracer molecules were designed that linked the fluorescein fluorophore with and without a spacer to the bisphenol A moiety. To assess the influence of the C6 spacer on the sensitivity of an assay based on the respective antibody, hapten–protein conjugates were synthesized and assessed for performance in an ELISA setup, and this resulted in a highly sensitive assay with a detection limit of 0.05 µg/L. The lowest limit of detection was reached by employing the spacer derivate in the FPIA and was 1.0 µg/L, working range from 2 to 155 µg/L. The validation of the methods was conducted using actual samples compared to LC–MS/MS, which served as the reference method. The FPIA and ELISA both demonstrated satisfactory concordance. KW - Fluorescence Polarization KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Endokriner Disruptor KW - Bisphenol A KW - Freisetzung PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579497 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13060664 VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-57949 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberleitner, Lidia A1 - Dahmen-Levison, U. A1 - Garbe, L.-A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Application of fluorescence polarization immunoassay for determination of carbamazepine in wastewater JF - Journal of Environmental Management N2 - Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug that can be used as a marker for the cleaning efficiency of wastewater treatment plants. Here, we present the optimization of a fast and easy on-site measurement system based on fluorescence polarization immunoassay and the successful application to wastewater. A new monoclonal highly specific anti-carbamazepine antibody was applied. The automated assay procedure takes 16 min and does not require sample preparation besides filtration. The recovery rates for carbamazepine in wastewater samples were between 60.8 and 104% with good intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variations (less than 15 and 10%, respectively). This automated assay enables for the onsite measurement of carbamazepine in wastewater treatment plants. KW - On-site measurement KW - Wastewater treatment plant KW - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay KW - Assay optimization KW - Mix-and-read assay PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.063 SN - 0301-4797 SN - 1095-8630 VL - 193 SP - 92 EP - 97 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-39152 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carl, Peter A1 - Ramos, Inês I. A1 - Segundo, Marcela A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Antibody conjugation to carboxyl-modified microspheres through N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry for automated immunoassay applications: A general procedure JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Immunochemical techniques are the workhorse for sample enrichment and detection of a large variety of analytes. In contrast to classical microtiter plate-based assays, microparticles are a next generation solid support, as they promote automation of immunoassays using flow-based techniques. Antibody immobilization is a crucial step, as these reagentsmare expensive, and inefficient coupling can result in low sensitivities. This paper proposes a general procedure for efficient immobilization of antibodies onto TentaGel particles, via Nhydroxysuccinimide chemistry. The goal was the preparation of solid supports with optimum immunorecognition, while increasing the sustainability of the process. The influence of buffer composition, activation and coupling time, as well as the amount of antibody on the immobilization efficiency was investigated, resorting to fluorophore-labeled proteins and fluorescence imaging. Buffer pH and activation time are the most important parameters for efficient coupling. It is demonstrated, that the hydrolysis of N-hydroxysuccinimide esters occurs at similar rates as in solution, limiting the utilizable time for coupling. Finally, applicability of the generated material for automated affinity extraction is demonstrated on the mesofluidic platform lab-on-valve. KW - Mesofluidics KW - Bead injections KW - ELISA KW - Carbamazepine KW - Biomarkers PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-483919 DO - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218686 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - e0218686, 1 EP - 18 PB - Public Library of Science CY - San Francisco, California, USA AN - OPUS4-48391 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riedel, Soraya A1 - Jaut, Valerie A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Ergometrine sensing in rye flour by a magnetic bead-based immunoassay followed by flow injection analysis with amperometric detection JF - Talanta N2 - A certain group of mycotoxins, the ergot alkaloids, has caused countless deaths throughout human history. They are found in rye and other cereals and ingesting contaminated foods can cause serious health problems. To identify contaminated food exceeding the legal limits for ergot alkaloids, a portable and cost-effective test system is of great interest to the food industry. Rapid analysis can be achieved by screening for a marker compound, for which we chose ergometrine. We developed a magnetic bead-based immunoassay for ergometrine with amperometric detection in a flow injection system using a handheld potentiostat and a smartphone. With this assay a limit of detection of 3 nM (1 μg/L) was achieved. In spiked rye flour, ergometrine levels from 25 to 250 μg/kg could be quantified. All results could be verified by optical detection. The developed assay offers great promise to meet the demand for on-site ergometrine detection in the food industry. KW - Ergot alkaloids KW - Amperometry KW - Magnetic beads KW - Immunoassay KW - Food analysis KW - Fow injection analysis KW - Mycotoxins PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565906 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124172 SN - 0039-9140 N1 - Geburtsname von Riedel, Soraya: Höfs, S. - Birth name of Riedel, Soraya: Höfs, S. VL - 254 IS - 124172 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-56590 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raysyan, Anna A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Development of a Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) to Screen for the Release of the Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A from Polymer Materials and Products JF - Biosensors N2 - One of the most important chemicals used in the production of polymer plastics and coatings is bisphenol A. However, despite the large number of studies on the toxicity and hormonal activity of BPA, there are still open questions and thus considerable media attention regarding BPA toxicity. Hence, it is necessary to develop a sensitive, simple, cost-efficient, specific, portable, and rapid method for monitoring bisphenol A and for high sample throughput and on-site screening analysis. Lateral flow immunoassays have potential as rapid tests for on-site screening. To meet sensitivity criteria, they must be carefully optimized. A latex microparticle-based LFIA for detection of BPA was developed. The sensitivity of the assay was improved by non-contact printing of spot grids as the control and test lines with careful parameter optimization. Results of the test could be visually evaluated within 10 min with a visual cut-off of 10 µg/L (vLOD). Alternatively, photographs were taken, and image analysis performed to set up a calibration, which allowed for a calculated limit of detection (cLOD) of 0.14 µg/L. The method was validated for thermal paper samples against ELISA and LC–MS/MS as reference methods, showing good agreement with both methods KW - Endokrine Disruptoren KW - Polymere KW - Schnelltest KW - Endocrine disruptor KW - Bisphenol A KW - LFIA KW - Immunoassay PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-540492 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11070231 VL - 11 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-54049 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raysyan, Anna A1 - Galvidis, I. A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Eremin, S. A. A1 - Burkin, M. A. T1 - Development of a latex particles-based lateral flow immunoassay for group determination of macrolide antibiotics in breast milk JF - Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis N2 - A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) using latex particles labeled with antibody to BSAclarithromycin (CLA) was developed for the rapid simultaneous group determination of six macrolide antibiotics. Optimization of antigen spotting on the membrane and latex probe loading allowed improving visual detectability (vLOD) 100 times, which was 1, 1, 10, 10, 50, and 1000 ng/mL for CLA, roxithromycin, erythromycin, dirithromycin, azithromycin, and oleandomycin in buffer, respectively. The calculated limits of instrumental detection (cLOD) were respectively 0.12, 0.15, 1.4, 2.1, 2.4, and 3.3 ng/mL. To avoid a strong influence of breast milk of a very diverse and variable composition, a sample pretreatment is proposed. The six macrolides mentioned can be visually detected in breast milk after 20 minutes pretreatment at concentrations of 10-1000 ng / ml or instrumentally with cLOD of 4.0, 2.5, 30, 42, 42 and 180 ng/mL. The recovery rate from the spiked samples carried out using a strip scanner device ranged from 71% to 110%, and precision expressed as relative standard deviation was between 3-14%. The described rapid on-site diagnostic assay format can be useful for monitoring the content of antibiotics in breast milk during macrolide treatment to ensure safe breastfeeding of infants. KW - Clarithromycin KW - Roxithromycin KW - Erythromycin KW - Dirithromycin KW - Azithromycin KW - Oleandomycin KW - Macrolide antibiotics KW - Makrolide KW - Antibiotika PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113450 SN - 0731-7085 VL - 189 IS - 113450 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam, NL AN - OPUS4-51343 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Korsak, B. A1 - Almeida, G. M. A1 - Rocha, S. A1 - Pereira, C. A1 - Mendes, N. A1 - Osorio, H. A1 - Pereira, P. M. A1 - Rodrigues, J. M. M. A1 - Sarmento, B. A1 - Tome, J. P. C. A1 - Oliveira, C. T1 - Porphyrin modified trastuzumab improves efficacy of HER2 targeted photodynamic therapy of gastric cancer JF - Cancer Therapy and Prevention N2 - Gastric cancer (GC) is the 3rd deadliest cancer worldwide, due to limited treatment options and late diagnosis. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is overexpressed in similar to 20% of GC cases and anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab in combination with conventional chemotherapy, is recognized as standard therapy for HER2-positive metastatic GC. This strategy improves GC patients' survival by 2-3 months, however its optimal results in breast cancer indicate that GC survival may be improved. A new photoimmunoconjugate was developed by conjugating a porphyrin with trastuzumab (Trast: Porph) for targeted photodynamic therapy in HER2-positive GC. Using mass spectrometry analysis, the lysine residues in the trastuzumab structure most prone for porphyrin conjugation were mapped. The in vitro data demonstrates that Trast: Porph specifically binds to HER2-positive cells, accumulates intracellularly, co-localizes with lysosomal marker LAMP1, and induces massive HER2-positive cell death upon cellular irradiation. The high selectivity and cytotoxicity of Trast: Porph based photoimmunotherapy is confirmed in vivo in comparison with trastuzumab alone, using nude mice xenografted with a HER2-positive GC cell line. In the setting of human disease, these data suggest that repetitive cycles of Trast: Porph photoimmunotherapy may be used as an improved treatment strategy in HER2-positive GC patients. KW - Photoimmunotherapy KW - Photoimmunoconjugate KW - Gastric cancer PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30844 SN - 0020-7136 VL - 141 IS - 7 SP - 1478 EP - 1489 PB - International Journal of Cancer AN - OPUS4-43315 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Carvalho, A. M. A1 - Manicardi, A. A1 - Montes, C. V. A1 - Gunnoo, S. B. A1 - Madder, A. T1 - Decoration of trastuzumab with short oligonucleotides: synthesis and detailed characterization JF - Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry N2 - Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is an FDA-approved therapeutic antibody currently employed in the treatment of metastatic stages of breast cancer. Herein, we propose a simple, fast and cost-effective methodology to conjugate trastuzumab with 22-mer 5' thiol-modified oligonucleotides using a bifunctional crosslinker. The conjugates were successfully characterized by MALDI-ToF MS and SDS-PAGE, obviating the need for enzymatic digestion and difficult chromatographic separations. Furthermore, ELISA was performed to ensure that trastuzumab activity is not affected by oligonucleotide conjugation. KW - MALDI-ToF KW - ELISA PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ob02216f SN - 1477-0539 VL - 15 IS - 42 SP - 8923 EP - 8928 AN - OPUS4-43328 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramos, I. I. A1 - Carl, Peter A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Segundo, M. A. T1 - Automated lab-on-valve sequential injection ELISA for determination of carbamazepine JF - Analytica Chimica Acta N2 - The development of an automated miniaturized analytical system that allows for the rapid monitoring of carbamazepine (CBZ) levels in serum and wastewater is proposed. Molecular recognition of CBZ was achieved through its selective interaction with microbeads carrying anti-CBZ antibodies. The proposed method combines the advantages of the micro-bead injection spectroscopy and of the flow-based platform lab-on-valve for implementation of automatic immunosorbent renewal, rendering a new recognition surface for each sample. The sequential (or simultaneous) perfusion of CBZ and the horseradish peroxidase-labelled CBZ through the microbeads is followed by real-time on-column Monitoring of substrate (3,30,5,50-tetramethylbenzidine) oxidation by colorimetry. The evaluation of the initial oxidation rate and also the absorbance value at a fixed time point provided a linear response versus the logarithm of the CBZ concentration. Under the selected assay conditions, a single analysis was completed after only 11 min, with a quantification range between 1.0 and 50 µg L⁻¹. Detection of CBZ levels in undiluted wastewater samples was feasible after a simple filtration step while good recoveries were attained for spiked certified human serum, analyzed without sample clean-up. KW - Automation KW - Bead injection spectroscopy KW - Human serum KW - Microparticles KW - Therapeutic Drug Monitoring KW - Wastewater PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.017 SN - 0003-2670 VL - 1076 SP - 91 EP - 99 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-48317 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chapartegui-Arias, Ander A1 - Villajos Collado, José Antonio A1 - Myxa, Anett A1 - Beyer, Sebastian A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Covalently Fluorophore-Functionalized ZIF‑8 Colloidal Particles as a Sensing Platform for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Such as Phthalates Plasticizers JF - ACS Omega N2 - We present the optical sensing of phthalate Esters (PAEs), a group of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The sensing takes place as changes in the fluorescence emission intensity of aminopyrene covalently bound to the organic ligands of the metal−organic framework compound ZIF-8. In the presence of PAEs, a quenching of the fluorescence emission is observed. We evaluated strategies to engineer colloidal size distribution of the sensing particles to optimize the sensory response to PAEs. A thorough characterization of the modified ZIF-8 nanoparticles included powder X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and photophysical characterization. The presented capability of the fluorophore-functionalized ZIF-8 to sense PAEs complements established methods such as chromatography-based procedures, which cannot be used on-site and paves the way for future developments such as hand-held quick sensing devices. KW - Sensing KW - MOF PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01051 VL - 4 IS - 17 SP - 17090 EP - 17097 PB - ACS AN - OPUS4-49562 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carvalho, Ana Margarida A1 - Véliz Montes, Cinthya A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Madder, A. T1 - An anti-caffeine antibody−oligonucleotide conjugate for DNA-directed immobilization in environmental immunoarrays JF - Langmuir N2 - The development of fast and cheap highthroughput platforms for the detection of environmental contaminants is of particular importance to understand the human-related impact on the environment. The application of DNA-directed immobilization (DDI) of IgG molecules is currently limited to the clinical diagnostics scenario, possibly because of the high costs of production of such addressable platforms. We here describe the efficient and specific hybridization of an antibody−oligonucleotide conjugate to a short 12-mer capture probe. The specific antibody used is a monoclonal antibody against caffeine, a stimulant and important anthropogenic marker. With this work, we hope to contribute to broadening the application potential of DDI to environmental markers in order to develop cheaper and more stable high-throughput screening platforms for standard Routine analysis of pollutants in a variety of complex matrices. KW - Oligo KW - Antikörperkonjugate KW - Antikörper KW - Biokonjugation KW - Koffein KW - Array PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01347 SN - 0743-7463 VL - 34 IS - 49 SP - 14834 EP - 14841 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA AN - OPUS4-46982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Freitas, R. A1 - Almeida, Ângela A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Velez, C. A1 - Moreira, A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Wrona, F. J. A1 - Figueira, E. A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. T1 - The impacts of pharmaceutical drugs under ocean acidification: Newdata on single and combined long-term effects of carbamazepine on Scrobicularia plana JF - Science of the Total Environment N2 - Ocean acidification and increasing discharges of pharmaceutical contaminants into aquatic systems are among key and/or emerging drivers of environmental change affecting marine ecosystems. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that ocean acidification can have direct and indirect impacts on marine organisms although combined effects with other stressors, namely with pharmaceuticals, have received very little attention to date. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the pharmaceutical drug Carbamazepine and pH 7.1, acting alone and in combination, on the clamScrobicularia plana. For this, a long-termexposure (28 days)was conducted and a set of oxidative stress markers was investigated. The results obtained showed that S. plana was able to develop mechanisms to prevent oxidative damage when under low pH for a long period, presenting higher survival when exposed to this stressor compared to CBZ or the combination of CBZ with pH 7.1. Furthermore, the toxicity of CBZ on S. plana was synergistically increased under ocean acidification conditions (CBZ + pH 7.1): specimens survival was reduced and oxidative stress was enhanced when compared to single exposures. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that ocean acidification will act to increase the toxicity of CBZ to marine organisms,which has clear implications for coastal benthic ecosystems suffering chronic pollution from pharmaceutical drugs. KW - Ocean acidification KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Biomarkers KW - Oxidative stress KW - Clams KW - Long-term exposures PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.138 VL - 541 SP - 977 EP - 985 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-38502 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chapartegui-Arias, Ander A1 - Raysyan, A. A1 - Belenguer, A. M. A1 - Jaeger, Carsten A1 - Tchipilov, Teodor A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique A1 - Beyer, S. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Tailored mobility in a zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) antibody conjugate JF - Chemistry - a European journal N2 - Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) hybrid fluorescent nanoparticles and ZIF antibody conjugates have been synthesized, characterized, and employed in lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA). The bright fluorescence of the conjugates and the possibility to tailor their mobility gives a huge potential for diagnostic assays. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as label, proved the integrity, stability, and dispersibility of the antibody conjugates, LC-MS/MS provided evidence that a covalent link was established between these metal-organic frameworks and lysine residues in IgG antibodies. KW - ZIF KW - ELISA PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-532096 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202100803 SN - 0947-6539 SN - 1521-3765 VL - 27 IS - 36 SP - 9414 EP - 9421 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-53209 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ecke, Alexander A1 - Westphalen, Tanja A1 - Retzmann, Anika A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Factors affecting the hydrolysis of the antibiotic amoxicillin in the aquatic environment JF - Chemosphere N2 - The environmental fate of the frequently used broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX) is of high concern regarding the potential evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Moreover, it is known that AMX is prone to hydrolysis, yielding a variety of hydrolysis products (HPs) with yet unknown effects. Studies to identify those HPs and investigate their formation mechanisms have been reported but a long-term study on their stability in real water samples was missing. In this regard, we investigated the hydrolysis of AMX at two concentration levels in four distinct water types under three different storage conditions over two months. Concentrations of AMX and four relevant HPs were monitored by an LC-MS/MS method revealing pronounced differences in the hydrolysis rate of AMX in tap water and mineral water on the one hand (fast) and surface water on the other(slow). In this context, the occurrence, relative intensities, and stability of certain HPs are more dependent on the water type than on the storage condition. As clarified by ICP-MS, the main difference between the water types was the content of the metals copper and zinc which are supposed to catalyze AMX hydrolysis demonstrating an effective method to degrade AMX at ambient conditions. KW - β-lactam KW - Stability KW - Degradation KW - Hydrolysis products KW - LC-MS/MS KW - ICP-MS PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136921 SN - 0045-6535 VL - 311 SP - 136921 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-56124 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silva, C. P. A1 - Carvalho, T. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Lima, D. L. D. T1 - ELISA as an effective tool to determine spatial and seasonal occurrence of emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment JF - Analytical Methods N2 - During the last two decades, studies related to the occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment have received great attention from the international scientific community. The monitoring of the presence of these compounds is particularly important since they are known to induce adverse effects in aquatic environments, even at extremely low concentrations. This work aimed to apply a simple and effective methodology, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in the monitoring of 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and 17b-estradiol (E2) (a synthetic and a natural hormone, respectively), carbamazepine (CBZ, an antiepileptic), cetirizine (CET, an antihistamine) and caffeine (CAF, a stimulant) in water matrices with differing salinity and organic matter contents. ELISA was proven to be a valid and practical tool, especially for screening purposes in contrast to traditional chromatographic techniques which are prohibitively expensive for an application on a broader base. The main originality of this work was to establish seasonal and spatial effects on the occurrence of the referred contaminants by using the effectiveness of ELISA to screen those compounds in samples with different characteristics. This work reports both the seasonal and spatial quantification of the referred contaminants in the aquatic environment of the central region of Portugal, with concentrations ranging as follows: 5–87 ng L-1, for E2, 2–17 ng L-1, for EE2, 10–1290 ng L-1, for CBZ, 10–190 ng L-1, for CET, and 62–6400 ng L-1, for CAF. KW - Estrogen KW - Estradiol KW - Ethinylestradiol KW - Carbamazepine KW - Portugal KW - Wasser PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY00426J SN - 1759-9679 VL - 12 IS - 19 SP - 2517 EP - 2526 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry RSC CY - London AN - OPUS4-51340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dippong, Martin A1 - Carl, Peter A1 - Lenz, C. A1 - Schenk, J. A. A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Schwaar, Timm A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Kuhne, Maren T1 - Hapten-specific single-cell selection of hybridoma clones by fluorescence-activated cell sorting for the generation of monoclonal antibodies JF - Analytical Chemistry N2 - The conventional hybridoma screening and subcloning process is generally considered to be one of the most critical steps in hapten-specific antibody production. It is time-consuming, monoclonality is not guaranteed, and the number of clones that can be screened is limited. Our approach employs a novel hapten-specific labeling technique of hybridoma cells. This allows for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and single-cell deposition and thereby eliminates the above-mentioned problems. A two-step staining approach is used to detect antigen specificity and antibody expression: in order to detect antigen specificity, hybridoma cells are incubated with a hapten−horseradish peroxidase conjugate (hapten−HRP), which is subsequently incubated with a fluorophore-labeled polyclonal anti-peroxidase antibody (anti-HRP−Alexa Fluor 488). To characterize the expression of membrane-bound immunoglobulin G (IgG), a fluorophore-labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody (anti-IgG−Alexa Fluor 647) is used. Hundreds of labeled hybridoma cells producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for a hapten were rapidly isolated and deposited from a fusion mixture as single-cell clones via FACS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements of the supernatants of the sorted hybridoma clones revealed that all hapten-specific hybridoma clones secrete antibodies against the target. There are significant improvements using this high-throughput technique for the generation of mAbs including increased yield of antibody-producing hybridoma clones, ensured monoclonality of sorted cells, and reduced development times. KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - FACS KW - Hybridoma cells PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04569 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 89 IS - 7 SP - 4007 EP - 4012 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-40320 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pires, A. A1 - Almeida, Ângela A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Wrona, F. J. A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Figueira, E. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Long-term exposure of polychaetes to caffeine: Biochemical alterations induced in Diopatra neapolitana and Arenicola marina JF - Environmental Pollution N2 - In the last decade studies have reported the presence of several pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic environments worldwide and an increasing effort has been done to understand the impacts induced on wildlife. Among the most abundant drugs in the environment is caffeine, which has been reported as an effective chemical anthropogenic marker. However, as for the majority of pharmaceuticals, scarce information is available on the adverse effects of caffeine on marine benthic organisms, namely polychaetes which are the most abundant group of organisms in several aquatic ecossystems. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical alterations induced by environmentally relevant concentrations of caffeine on the polychaete species Diopatra neapolitana and Arenicola marina. The results obtained demonstrated that after 28 days exposure oxidative stress was induced in both species, especially noticed in A. marina, resulting from the incapacity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes to prevent cells from lipid peroxidation. The present study further revealed that D. neapolitana used glycogen and proteins as energy to develop defense mechanisms while in A. marina these reserves were maintained independently on the exposure concentration, reinforcing the low capacity of this species to fight against oxidative stress. KW - Invertebrates KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Oxidative stress biomarkers KW - Energy reserves PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.031 VL - 2016 IS - 214 SP - 456 EP - 463 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-38505 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Almeida, Â. A1 - Freitas, R. A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Figueira, E. A1 - Campos, B. A1 - Barata, C. T1 - Effects of carbamazepine and cetirizine under an ocean acidification scenario on the biochemical and transcriptome responses of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum JF - Environmental Pollution N2 - Several works evaluated the toxicity of pharmaceutical drugs and climate related changes in invertebrates but few explored the combined effects of both stressors, namely considering their mode of action (MoA). Carbamazepine (CBZ) and cetirizine (CTZ) are pharmaceutical drugs detected in the environment and the toxicity derived from the combined effects of these drugs with ocean acidification (OA) is poorly explored. Thus, the present study investigated the biochemical parameters related to an oxidative stress response and the transcription of genes related to the MoA of CBZ (1.0 mg/L) and CTZ (0.6 mg/L) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum chronically exposed (28 days) to control (7.8) and low (7.5) pH conditions. The results obtained showed that despite the clams accumulated both drugs, at low pH the clams exposed to CTZ decreased drug concentration and BCF values (CTZ uptake: 2.0 ± 0.5 ng/g fresh weight; BCF: 3.8 ± 0.9) in comparison with clams exposed to control pH (CTZ uptake: 2.9 ± 0.3 ng/g fresh weight; BCF: 5.5 ± 0.6). No oxidative stress was induced by the exposure to CBZ or CTZ at each pH level, but the transcription of several genes related with the MoA (neurotransmission, immunity and biomineralization) was altered by low pH, drug exposure and the combination of both stressors. At both pH conditions, CBZ increased the transcription of GABA receptor gene (neurotransmission) and CTZ led to a decrease of Perlucin gene (biomineralization) transcription. The transcription of MyD88 gene (immunity) decreased at low pH (7.5) combined with drug exposure (CBZ or CTZ). Thus, it was highlighted that the interaction of drug exposure and low pH conditions can change bivalves’ sensitivity to drugs or alter drugs toxicity. KW - Carbamazepine KW - Biomarker KW - ELISA KW - Biochemische Parameter PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.121 SN - 0269-7491 VL - 235 SP - 857 EP - 868 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam, NL AN - OPUS4-44739 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beyer, Sebastian A1 - Schürmann, Robin A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Blocki, A. A1 - Bald, Ilko A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Maintaining Stable Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF) Templates during Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coating JF - Colloid and Interface Science Communications N2 - Equipping ZIF particles with a polyelectrolyte membrane provides functional groups at their interface, enabling further conjugations necessary for applications such as targeted drug delivery. Previous approaches to coat ZIF particles with polyelectrolytes led to surface corrosion of the template material. This work overcomes previous limitations by performing a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte coating onto ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 particles in nonaqueous environment. Using the 2-methylimidazolium salt of polystyrensulfonic acid instead of the acid itself and polyethyleneimine in methanol led to intact ZIF particles after polyelectrolyte coating. This was verified by electron microscopy. Further, zetapotential and atomic force microscopy measurements confirmed a continuous polyelectrolyte multilayer built up. The here reported adaption to the well-studied (LbL) polyelectrolyte selfassembly process provides a facile method to equip ZIF particles with a nanometer thin polyelectrolyte multilayer membrane. KW - Zeolithe KW - Molecular Organic Frameworks KW - MOF KW - ZIF KW - Layer-by-Layer KW - Beschichtung KW - Polyelektrolyt PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-447729 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2017.11.004 SN - 2215-0382 VL - 22 SP - 14 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam, NL AN - OPUS4-44772 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riedel, Soraya A1 - Hülagü, Deniz A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Carl, Peter A1 - Flemig, Sabine A1 - Schmid, Thomas A1 - Schenk, J. A. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Electrochemical Immunomagnetic Ochratoxin A Sensing: Steps Forward in the Application of 3,3’,5,5’- Tetramethylbenzidine in Amperometric Assays JF - ChemElectroChem N2 - Electrochemical methods offer great promise in meeting the demand for user-friendly on-site devices for Monitoring important parameters. The food industry often runs own lab procedures, for example, for mycotoxin analysis, but it is a major goal to simplify analysis, linking analytical methods with smart technologies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with photometric detection of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB),form a good basis for sensitive detection. To provide a straightforward approach for the miniaturization of the detectionstep, we have studied the pitfalls of the electrochemical TMB detection. By cyclic voltammetry it was found that the TMB electrochemistry is strongly dependent on the pH and the electrode material. A stable electrode response to TMB could be achieved at pH 1 on gold electrodes. We created a smartphonebased, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay for the detection of ochratoxin A in real samples, providing a solid basis forsensing of further analytes. KW - Ochratoxin A KW - Amperometry KW - Cyclic voltammetry KW - Electrochemistry KW - Immunoassay PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-530421 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202100446 N1 - Geburtsname von Riedel, Soraya: Höfs, S. - Birth name of Riedel, Soraya: Höfs, S. VL - 8 IS - 13 SP - 2597 EP - 2606 AN - OPUS4-53042 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Véliz Montes, Cinthya A1 - Memczak, H. A1 - Gyssels, E. A1 - Torres, T. A1 - Madder, A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Photoinduced cross-linking of short Furan-modified DNA on surfaces JF - Langmuir N2 - We report for the first time the formation of sitespecific interstrand cross-linked (ICL) surface-immobilized furanmodified DNA duplexes via singlet oxygen. 1O2, necessary for effecting furan-mediated ICL formation, was produced in situ using methylene blue or a zinc phthalocyanine derivative (TT1) as a photosensitizer. Via surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, we show that surface ICL was achieved, and a robust link formed that enhances the stability of the 12-mer duplex even after surface regeneration. The described method represents a novel platform technology based on surfaces with addressable and stable DNA duplexes requiring only short oligonucleotides. KW - DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) KW - Furanmodified DNA duplexes KW - Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03855 SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 1197 EP - 1201 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-39155 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Stephan A1 - Hoffmann, Holger A1 - Garbe, L.-A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection of diclofenac and related compounds in water samples JF - Journal of Chromatography A N2 - A frequently studied environmental contaminant is the active substance diclofenac, which is removed insufficiently in sewage treatment plants. Since its inclusion in the watch list of the EU Water Framework Directive, the concentrations in surface waters will be determined throughout Europe. For this, still, more precise analytical methods are needed. As a reference, HPLC-MS is frequently employed. One of the major metabolites is 4’-hydroxydiclofenac (4’-OH-DCF). Also, diclofenac lactam is important for assessing degradation and transformation. Aceclofenac (ACF), the glycolic acid ester of diclofenac is used as a drug, too, and could potentially be cleaved to yield diclofenac again. In various sewage treatment plant influent samples, diclofenac, 4’-OH-DCF, DCF lactam and ACF could be determined with detection limits of 3 µg/L, 0.2 µg/L, 0.17 µg/L and 10 ng/L, respectively. KW - Diclofenac KW - Festphasenextraktion KW - HPLC-MS KW - Probenvorbereitung KW - Kläranlage KW - Abwasser KW - Zyklisierung KW - Diclofenac KW - Solid-phase extraction KW - Sewage treatment plant KW - Cyclization KW - Sample treatment KW - HPLC–MS PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.037 SN - 0021-9673 SN - 1873-3778 VL - 1538 SP - 112 EP - 116 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam, NL AN - OPUS4-44183 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Stephan A1 - Hoffmann, Holger A1 - Garbe, Leif-Alexander A1 - Harrer, Andrea A1 - Steiner, Markus A1 - Himly, Martin A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Re-assessment of monoclonal antibodies against diclofenac for their application in the analysis of environmental waters JF - Analytical Methods N2 - The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac (DCF) is an important environmental contaminant occurring in surface waters all over the world, because, after excretion, it is not adequately removed from wastewater in sewage treatment plants. To be able to monitor this pollutant, highly efficient analytical methods are needed, including immunoassays. In a medical research project, monoclonal antibodies against diclofenac and its metabolites had been produced. Based on this monoclonal anti-DCF antibody, a new indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and applied for environmental samples. The introduction of a spacer between diclofenac and the carrier protein in the coating conjugate led to higher sensitivity. With a test midpoint of 3 mg L−1 and a measurement range of 1–30 mg L−1, the system is not sensitive enough for direct analysis of surface water. However, this assay is quite robust against matrix influences and can be used for wastewater. Without adjustment of the calibration, organic solvents up to 5%, natural organic matter (NOM) up to 10 mg L−1, humic acids up to 2.5 mg L−1, and salt concentrations up to 6 g L−1 NaCl and 75 mg L−1 CaCl2 are tolerated. The antibody is also stable in a pH range from 3 to 12. Cross-reactivity (CR) of 1% or less was determined for the metabolites 40-hydroxydiclofenac (40-OH-DCF), 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DCF), DCF lactam, and other NSAIDs. Relevant cross-reactivity occurred only with an amide derivative of DCF, 6-aminohexanoic acid (DCF-Ahx), aceclofenac (ACF) and DCF methyl ester (DCF-Me) with 150%, 61% and 44%, respectively. These substances, however, have not been found in samples. Only DCF-acyl glucuronide with a cross-reactivity of 57% is of some relevance. For the first time, photodegradation products were tested for cross-reactivity. With the ELISA based on this antibody, water samples were analysed. In sewage treatment plant effluents, concentrations in the range of 1.9–5.2 mg L−1 were determined directly, with recoveries compared to HPLC-MS/MS averaging 136%. Concentrations in lakes ranged from 3 to 4.4 ng L−1 and were, after pre-concentration, determined with an average recovery of 100% KW - Antikörper KW - Immunoassay KW - Wasser PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602280 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ay01333b VL - 16 IS - 21 SP - 3349 EP - 3363 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) CY - London AN - OPUS4-60228 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baldofski, Stefanie A1 - Canitz, C. A1 - Garbe, L.-A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Studies on the development of antibodies for the highly hydrophobic plasticizers DINCH and DEHT JF - Analytical Biochemistry N2 - Diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) and di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT), two of the most important substitutes for phthalate plasticizers, are used for a wide range of applications. Consequently, an increasing occurrence in urine and environmental samples is reported. Reliable and fast analytical methods for the quantification of these plasticizers are needed. So far, mainly GC-MS or LC-MS methods are used. We aimed to develop the first antibodies and immunoassays allowing for high-throughput analysis of samples. We designed two DINCH hapten structures and one DEHT hapten structure and employed hapten-protein conjugates for the immunization of rabbits. Sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) against each hapten using the produced polyclonal antibodies were established. Yet, binding of DINCH to the respective antibodies was not observed in neither direct nor indirect assay formats, even when using protein conjugates with the heterologous haptens and different carrier proteins in the indirect format. The use of surfactants and solvents in the sample buffer did not result in recognition of the plasticizers. Also, no binding of DEHT in ELISA employing the respective antibodies was detected. We speculate that the production of antibodies against these highly hydrophobic molecules is not possible via our route, however a different hapten design could overcome this obstacle. KW - Weichmacher KW - Phthalate KW - Antikörper KW - Selektivität KW - Ersatzstoffe KW - Polyclonal antibodies KW - Phthalate substitutes KW - Antibody production for hydrophobic molecules KW - DEHT KW - DINCH KW - Hapten design PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2017.12.006 SN - 0003-2697 VL - 543 SP - 90 EP - 96 PB - Elsevier Inc. CY - Amsterdam, NL AN - OPUS4-44015 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cruz, D. A1 - Almeida, Ângela A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Wrona, F. J. A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Figueira, E. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Caffeine impacts in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum: Alterations on energy reserves, metabolic activity and oxidative stress biomarkers JF - Chemosphere N2 - Caffeine is known to be one of the most consumed psychoactive drugs. For this reason, caffeine is continuously released into the environment with potential impacts on inhabiting organisms. The current study evaluated the biochemical alterations induced in the clam species Ruditapes philippinarum after exposure for 28 days to caffeine (0.5, 3.0 and 18.0 mg/L). The results obtained showed that, with the increasing caffeine concentrations, an increase in clams defense mechanisms (such as antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes activity) was induced which was accompanied by an increase in protein content. Nevertheless, although an increase on defense mechanisms was observed, clams were not able to prevent cells from lipid peroxidation that increased with the increase of caffeine concentration. Furthermore, with the increase of exposure concentrations, clams increased their metabolic activity (measured by electron transport activity), reducing their energy reserves (glycogen content), to fight against oxidative stress. Overall, the present study demonstrated that caffeine may impact bivalves, even at environmentally relevant concentrations, inducing oxidative stress in organisms. The present study is an important contribution to address knowledge gaps regarding the impacts of long-term exposures to pharmaceuticals since most of the studies assessed the effects after acute exposures, most of them up to 96 h. KW - Bivalves KW - Oxidative stress KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Long-term exposure KW - Environmentally relevant concentrations PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.068 VL - 2016 IS - 160 SP - 95 EP - 103 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-38508 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sarma, Dominik A1 - Carl, Peter A1 - Climent Terol, Estela A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Multifunctional polystyrene core/silica shell microparticles with antifouling properties for bead-based multiplexed and quantitative analysis JF - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces N2 - Commercial bead-based assays are commonly built upon polystyrene particles. The polymeric carrier can be encoded with organic dyes and has ideal material properties for cytometric applications such as low density and high refractive index. However, functional groups are conventionally integrated during polymerization and subsequent modification is limited to the reactivity of those groups. Additionally, polystyrene as the core material leads to many hydrophobic areas still being present on the beads’ surfaces even after functionalization, Rendering the particles prone to nonspecific adsorption during an application. The latter calls for several washing steps and the use of additives in (bio)analytical assays. In this contribution, we show how these limitations can be overcome by using monodisperse polystyrene (PS) core/silica (SiO2) shell particles (SiO2@PS). Two different hydrophobic BODIPY (boron−dipyrromethene) dyes were encapsulated inside a poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) -stabilized polystyrene core in different concentrations to create 5-plex arrays in two separate detection channels of a cytometer. A subsequent modification of the silica shell with an equimolar APTES/PEGS (aminopropyltriethoxysilane/polyethylene glycol silane) blend added multifunctional properties to the hybrid core/Shell microparticles in a single step: APTES provides amino groups for the attachment of a caffeine derivative (as a hapten) to create antigen-coupled microspheres; the PEG moiety effectively suppresses nonspecific binding of antibodies, endowing the surface with antifouling properties. The particles were applied in a competitive fluorescence immunoassay in suspension, and a highly selective wash-free assay for the detection of caffeine in beverages was developed as a proof of concept. KW - Core−shell particles KW - Bead-based assay KW - Multiplex KW - Antifouling surface KW - Mixed surface PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-472931 UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.8b10306 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b10306 SN - 1944-8244 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1321 EP - 1334 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Online Library AN - OPUS4-47293 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Schmidt, S. A1 - Hanelt, S. A1 - Canitz, C. A1 - Hoffmann, H. A1 - Garbe, L.-A. T1 - Synthetic Strategies for the Modification of Diclofenac JF - Synlett N2 - For many heterogeneous sensor applications as well as the synthesis of hapten antigens to produce antibodies, protein conjugates of the target substance are essential. A requirement is that the target substance already offers or is modified to contain a functionality that allows for coupling to a protein, that is, an amino acid residue. Ideally, to avoid shielding of the compound by the carrier protein, a sufficient distance to the protein surface should be provided. With its carboxyl function diclofenac (DCF) allows for direct binding to lysine residues after in situ synthesis of the NHS ester. One problem is that diclofenac as free acid tends to autocondensation, which results in low yields. Here we describe the 'insertion' of a C6 spacer via synthesis of the amide with 6-aminohexanoic acid. To carry out the reaction in solution, first the methyl ester of the amino acid had to be produced. Due to otherwise low yields and large cleaning efforts, solid-phase synthesis on Fmoc Ahx Wang resin is recommended. The crude product is mainly contaminated by cleavage products from the resin which were removed by chromatography. The structure of the highly pure hapten was completely determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. KW - Diclophenac KW - Hapten synthesis KW - Solid-phase synthesis PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588858 SN - 0936-5214 VL - 28 IS - 15 SP - 1984 EP - 1989 PB - Georg Thieme Verlag AN - OPUS4-43316 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Holger A1 - Knizia, Christian A1 - Kuhne, Maren A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - LC–ELISA as a contribution to the assessment of matrix effects with environmental water samples in an immunoassay for estrone (E1) JF - Accreditation and Quality Assurance N2 - Estrone (E1), a metabolite of the estrogenic hormones 17β-estradiol (β-E2) and 17α-estradiol (α-E2), is itself a potent estrogen which can have a significant impact on the hormonal balance. Due to ist high potential for adverse effects on human health and aquatic life even at pg/L to ng/L levels, its appearance in water should be monitored. E1 has also been considered a marker substance for the presence of other estrogens. This study presents a newly developed direct competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification of E1 in environmental water samples using new monoclonal antibodies. The quantification range of the ELISA is 0.15 μg/L to 8.7 μg/L E1, and the limit of detection is around 60 ng/L for not pre-concentrated water samples. A pre-concentration step after careful selection of suitable phases for SPE was developed, too. The influence of organic solvents and natural organic matter on the ELISA was assessed. The high selectivity of the monoclonal antibody was demonstrated by determining the cross-reactivity against 20 structurally related compounds. For the assessment of matrix effects, a concept (“LC–ELISA”) is thoroughly exploited, i.e., separating complex samples by HPLC into 0.3 min fractions and determination of the apparent E1 concentration. Furthermore, fractions with interferences for nontarget/suspected-target analysis can be assigned. A dilution approach was applied to distinguish between specific interferences (cross-reactants) and non-specific interferences (matrix effects). In the determination of 18 environmental samples, a good agreement of the E1 concentration in the respective fractions was obtained with mean recoveries of 103 % to 132 % comparing ELISA to LC–MS/MS. KW - Validierung KW - Immunoassay KW - Matrixeffekte KW - Abwasser KW - Oberflächenwasser KW - ELISA KW - LC-MS/MS KW - Hormone KW - Endokrine Disruptoren PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-018-1351-7 SN - 1432-0517 SN - 0949-1775 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 349 EP - 364 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-46891 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nadejde, C. A1 - Neamtu, M. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Ababei, G. A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Catalytical degradation of relevant pollutants from waters using magnetic nanocatalysts JF - Applied Surface Science N2 - The catalytic efficiency of two magnetically responsive nanocatalysts was evaluated for the Degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Yellow 84 (RY84) azo dyes using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant undervery mild conditions (atmospheric pressure, room temperature). In order to obtain the nanocatalysts, thesurface of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, prepared by a co-precipitation method, was further modified with ferrous oxalate, a highly sensitive non-hazardous reducing agent. The sensitized nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry, and used in the catalytic wet hydrogen peroxideoxidation (CWHPO) of RB5 and RY84, in laboratory-scale experiments. The effect of important variables such as catalyst dosage, H2O2 concentration, and contact time was studied in the dye Degradation kinetics. The results showed that it was possible to remove up to 99.7% dye in the presence of 20 mM H2O2 after 240 min of oxidation for a catalyst concentration of 10 g L−1at 25◦C and initial pH value of 9.0.CWHPO of reactive dyes using sensitized magnetic nanocatalysts can be a suitable pre-treatment methodfor complete decolorization of effluents from textile dyeing and finishing processes, once the Optimum operating conditions are established. T2 - 10th International Conference On Physics Of Advanced Materials (ICPAM-10) CY - Iasi, Romania DA - 22.09.2014 KW - Sensitized magnetic nanocatalysts KW - Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation KW - Reactive azo dye degradation PY - 2015 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433215000483 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.01.036 SN - 0169-4332 VL - 352 SP - 42 EP - 48 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-38760 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nadejde, C. A1 - Neamtu, M. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Ababei, G. A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Hybrid iron-based core-shell magnetic catalysts for fast degradation of bisphenol A in aqueous systems JF - Chemical Engineering Journal N2 - Three types of hybrid modified magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles, functionalized with either chitosan, chitosan/iron (II) oxalate or chitosan/iron (III) citrate, were synthesized by chemical precipitation method. The obtained nanomaterials were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, scanning and Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The prepared composites were further tested as magnetic catalysts for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous media. The kinetic Degradation experiments were performed at laboratory scale, while the best operational parameters for all three materials were established: 1.00 g L⁻¹ of catalyst, 10 mmol L⁻¹ H₂O₂, under simulated solar light irradiation. After 15 min of UVA irradiation under the experimental conditions mentioned above, it was possible to decompose up to 99% of the micropollutant over all catalysts. Fe₃O₄/chitosan/iron oxalate catalyst showed the highest and fastest catalytic activity in BPA removal. Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of non-biodegradable micropollutants on such iron-based hybrid nanoparticles can be a suitable pre-treatment method for wastewater decontamination, as an environment-friendly simplified Approach for water clean-up. KW - Katalysator KW - Bisphenol A KW - Nano KW - Fenton KW - Magnetische Nanopartikel PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.090 SN - 1385-8947 VL - 302 SP - 587 EP - 594 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-37126 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carl, Peter A1 - Sarma, Dominik A1 - Gregório, Bruno J. R. A1 - Hoffmann, Kristin A1 - Lehmann, Andreas A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Wash-Free Multiplexed Mix-and-Read Suspension Array Fluorescence Immunoassay for Anthropogenic Markers in Wastewater JF - Analytical Chemistry N2 - Pharmaceuticals, certain food ingredients, and mammalian endogenous metabolic products in wastewater are mostly of human origin. They are anthropogenic markers. Proper knowledge of their levels in wastewater helps to track sources of pollutants in natural waters and allows for calculation of removal efficiencies in wastewater Treatment plants. Here, we describe the development and application of an indirect competitive, multiplexing suspension Array fluorescence immunoassay (SAFIA) for the detection of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF), caffeine (CAF), and isolithocholic acid (ILA) in wastewater, covering those classes of anthropogenic markers. The assay consists of haptens covalently conjugated to fluorescence-encoded polystyrene core/silica shell microparticles to create a site for competitive binding of the antibodies (Abs). Bound Abs are then stained with fluorophore-labeled Abs. Encoding and signaling fluorescence of the particles are determined by an automated flow cytometer. For compatibility of the immunoassay with the 96-well microtiter plate format, a stop reagent, containing formaldehyde, is used. This enables a wash-free procedure while decreasing time-to-result. Detection limits of 140 ± 40 ng/L for CBZ, 180 ± 110 ng/L for CAF, 4 ± 3 ng/L for DCF, and 310 ± 70 ng/L for ILA are achieved, which meet the sensitivity criteria of wastewater analysis. We demonstrate the applicability of SAFIA to real wastewater samples from three different wastewater Treatment plants, finding the results in good agreement with LC-MS/MS. Moreover, the accuracy in general exceeded that from classical ELISAs. We therefore propose SAFIA as a quick and reliable approach for wastewater analysis meeting the requirements for process analytical technology. KW - Suspension Array KW - Immunoassay KW - Carbamazepine KW - Caffeine KW - Diclofenac KW - SAFIA PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03040 SN - 0003-2700 VL - 91 IS - 20 SP - 12988 EP - 12966 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-49305 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Almeida, Â. A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Salinity-dependent impacts on the effects of antiepileptic and antihistaminic drugs in Ruditapes philippinarum JF - Science of the Total Environment N2 - In Coastal Systems, pollutants as pharmaceutical drugs exert changes from the molecular to the organism level in marine bivalves. Besides pollutants, Coastal Systems are prone to changes in environmental Parameters, as the alteration of salinity values because of Climate Change. Together, these Stressors (pharmaceutical drugs and salinity changes) can exert different threats than each Stressor acting individually; for example, salinity can change the physical-chemical properties of the drugs and/or the sensitivity of the organisms to them. However, limited Information is available on this subject, with variable results, and for this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of salinity changes (15,25 and 35) on the effects of the antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ, 1 (ig/L) and the antihistamine cetirizine (CTZ, 0.6 pg/L), when acting individually and combined (CBZ + CTZ), in the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum. After 28 days ofexposure, drugs concentrations, bioconcentration factors and biochemical parameters, related to clam's metabolic caparity and oxidative stress were evaluated. The results showed that dams under low salinity suffered more changes in metabolic, antioxidant and biotransformation activities, in comparison with the remaining salinities under study. However, limited impacts were observed when comparing drug effects at low salinity. Indeed, it seemed that CTZ and CBZ + CTZ, under high salinity (salinity 35) were the worst exposure conditions for the dams, since they caused higher leveis of cellular damage. It Stands out that salinity changes altered the impact of pharmaceutical drugs on marine bivalves. KW - Muscheln KW - Salinität KW - Carbamazepin KW - Cetirizin KW - ELISA KW - Immunoassay KW - Antiepileptikum PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150369 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 806 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-55561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pires, A. A1 - Almeida, Ângela A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Wrona, F. J. A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Figueira, E. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Hediste diversicolor as bioindicator of pharmaceutical pollution: Results from single and combined exposure to carbamazepine and caffeine JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C N2 - Several environmental stressors have been identified as key and/or emerging drivers of habitat change that could significantly influence marine near-shore ecosystems. These include increasing discharges of pharmaceutical contaminants into the aquatic coastal systems. Pharmaceutical drugs are often detected in aquatic environments but still information on their toxicity impacts on inhabiting species is scarce, especially when acting in combination. Furthermore, almost no information is available on the impacts of pharmaceuticals in polychaetes, often the most abundant taxon in benthic communities and commonly used as indicator species of environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical alterations induced in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor, from a low contaminated area at the Ria de Aveiro lagoon (Portugal), by the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (0.0 - control, 0.3, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 μg/L) and the stimulant caffeine (0.0 - control, 0.5, 3.0, and 18.0 μg/L), acting alone and in combination (0.3 CBZ + 0.5 CAF and 6.0 CBZ + 3.0 CAF). Glutathione Stransferases (GSTs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities was determined in Hediste diversicolor from each condition. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione reduced and oxidized (GSH and GSSG), glycogen and electron transport system (ETS) were also measured. The results obtained clearly revealed that both drugs induced oxidative stress in H. diversicolor, shown by the increase on LPO levels and decrease on total glutathione and GSH/GSSG ratio with the increase of exposure concentrations. Furthermore, the present findings demonstrated that polychaetes biotransformation capacity as well as antioxidant defense mechanisms were not sufficiently efficient to fight against the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to LPO when organisms were exposed to both drugs. Our results also demonstrated that polychaetes tended to decrease the activity of ETSwhen exposed to drugs, avoiding energy expenditurewhich may prevent them fromgreater damages. The present study further revealed that the impacts induced by the combination of both drugswere similar to those obtained at the highest drugs concentrations acting alone. KW - Invertebrates KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Oxidative stress biomarkers KW - Energy reserves PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.06.003 VL - 2016 IS - 188 SP - 30 EP - 38 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-38509 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Almeida, Â. A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Responses of Ruditapes philippinarum to contamination by pharmaceutical drugs under ocean acidification scenario JF - Science of the total environment N2 - In coastal systems, organisms are exposed to amultitude of stressors whose interactions and effects are poorly studied. Pharmaceutical drugs and Climate Change consequences, such as lowered pH, are examples of stressors affecting marine organisms, as bivalves. Although a vast literature is available for the effects of these stressors when acting individually, very limited information exists on the impacts that the combination of both can have on marine bivalves. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of a simulated ocean acidification scenario (control pH, 8.0; lowered pH, pH 7.6) on the effects of the antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ, 1 μg/L) and the antihistamine cetirizine (CTZ, 0.6 μg/L), when acting individually and combined (CBZ + CTZ), on the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum. After 28 days of exposure, drug concentrations, bioconcentration factors and biochemical parameters related to the clams' metabolic capacity and oxidative stress were evaluated. The results showed that R. philippinarum clams responded differently to pharmaceutical drugs depending on the pH tested, influencing both bioconcentration and biological responses. In general, drug combined treatments showed fewer impacts than drugs acting alone, and acidification seemed to activate at a higher extension the elimination processes that were not activated under control pH. Also, lowered pH per se exerted negative impacts (e.g., cellular damage) on R. philippinarum and the combination with pharmaceutical drugs did not enhance the toxicity. KW - Biosensoren KW - Immunoassay KW - ELISA KW - Vor-Ort-Analytik KW - Toxikologie KW - Pharmaceutical drugs KW - Bivalves KW - Ocean acidification KW - Biomarkers KW - Climate change PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153591 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 824 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-55590 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pieres, A. A1 - Almeida, Ângela A1 - Correia, J. A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Figueira, E. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Long-term exposure to caffeine and carbamazepine: Impacts on the regenerative capacity of the polychaete Diopatra neapolitana JF - Chemosphere N2 - The toxicity induced in non-target organisms by pharmaceutical drugs has been the focus of several studies. In the aquatic environment, most of the studies have been devoted to fish and bivalves, while little is known on the impacts induced in polychaetes. The present study evaluated the impacts of carbamazepine and caffeine on the regenerative capacity of Diopatra neapolitana, a polychaete species with high ecological and economic relevance. Under laboratory controlled conditions polychaetes were exposed, during 28 days, to carbamazepine (Ctl-0.0; 0.3; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 mg/L) and caffeine (Ctl-0.0; 0.5; 3.0; 18.0 mg/L). During the experiment, at days 11, 18, 25, 32, 39 and 46 after amputation, for each specimen, the percentage of the body width regenerated was determined and the number of new segments was counted. The regenerative capacity was assessed considering the number of days needed to achieve full regeneration and the total number of new segments. The obtained results revealed that with the increase of drugs concentrations organisms regenerated less new segments and took longer to completely regenerate. KW - Diopatra neapolitana KW - Pollution KW - Pharmaceutical drugs KW - Regenerative capacity PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.035 SN - 0045-6535 VL - 146 SP - 565 EP - 573 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-38497 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - He, Y. A1 - Zhu, R. A1 - Cai, Y. A1 - Zhang, Y. A1 - Zhang, Y. A1 - Pan, S. A1 - Zhang, Y. T1 - Transcriptomics and protein biomarkers reveal the detoxifying mechanisms of UV radiation for nebivolol toward zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae JF - Aquatic toxicology N2 - Nebivolol (NEB), a β-blocker frequently used to treat cardiovascular diseases, has been widely detected in aquatic environments, and can be degraded under exposure to UV radiation, leading to the formation of certain transformation products (UV-TPs). Thus, the toxic effects of NEB and its UV-TPs on aquatic organisms are of great importance for aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the degradation pathway of NEB under UV radiation was investigated. Subsequently, zebrafish embryos/larvae were used to assess the median lethal concentration (LC50) of NEB, and to clarify the sub-lethal effects of NEB and its UV-TPs for the first time. It was found that UV radiation could reduce the toxic effects of NEB on the early development of zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis identified the top 20 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in zebrafish larvae exposed to NEB, most of which were associated with the antioxidant, nervous, and immune systems. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pathways were reduced after UV radiation. Furthermore, the analysis of protein biomarkers, including CAT and GST (antioxidant response), AChE and ACh (neurotoxicity), CRP and LYS (immune response), revealed that NEB exposure reduced the activity of these biomarkers, whereas UV radiation could alleviate the effects. The present study provides initial insights into the mechanisms underlying toxic effects of NEB and the detoxification effects of UV radiation on the early development of zebrafish. It highlights the necessity of considering the toxicity of UV-TPs when evaluating the toxicity of emerging pollutants in aquatic systems. KW - Biomarker KW - Pharmazeutika KW - Toxikologie KW - UV Bestrahlung KW - Zebrafisch KW - Transformationsprodukte PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106241 SN - 0166-445X VL - 249 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-55559 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Holger A1 - Baldofski, Stefanie A1 - Hoffmann, Kristin A1 - Flemig, Sabine A1 - Silva, C. P. A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Structural considerations on the selectivity of an immunoassay for sulfamethoxazole JF - Talanta N2 - Sulfamethoxazol (SMX),a sulfonamide, is a widely used bacteriostatic antibiotic and therefore a promising marker for the entry of anthropogenic Pollution in the environment. SMX is frequently found in wastewater and surface water. This study presents the production of high affinity and selective polyclonal antibodies for SMX and the development and Evaluation of a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for the quantification of SMX in environmental watersamples. The crystal structures of the cross-reacting compounds sulfamethizole, N4-acetyl-SMX andsuccinimidyl-SMX were determined by x-ray diffraction aiming to explain their high cross-reactivity. These crystal structures are described for the first time. The quantification range of the ELISA is 0.82–63 µg/L. To verify our results, the SMX concentration in 20 environmental samples,including wastewater and surfacewater,was determined by ELISA and tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS).A good Agreement of the measured SMX concentrations was found with average recoveries of 97–113%for the results of ELISA compared to LC-MS/MS. KW - X-Ray diffraction KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - ELISA KW - LC-MS/MS PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.049 SN - 0039-9140 SN - 1873-3573 IS - 158 SP - 198 EP - 207 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands AN - OPUS4-36676 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neamtu, Mariana A1 - Nadejde, C. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Ababei, G. A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Photocatalysis of γ-cyclodextrin-functionalised Fe3O4 nanoparticles for degrading Bisphenol A in polluted waters JF - Environmental Chemistry N2 - The efficiency, relatively low cost and eco-friendly nature of hydrogen peroxide-assisted photocatalysis treatment procedures are significant advantages over conventional techniques for wastewater remediation. Herein, we evaluate the behaviour of g-cyclodextrin (g-CD) immobilised on either bare or chitosan (CS)–functionalised Fe3O4 nanoparticles, for photodegrading Bisphenol A (BPA) in ultrapure water and in real wastewater samples. The BPA removal efficiencies with Fe3O4/g-CD and Fe3O4/CS/g-CD were compared with those of Fe3O4/b-CD, and were monitored under UVA irradiation at near-neutral pH. The addition of H2O2 at low concentrations (15 mmol L-1) significantly increased BPA photodegradation in the presence of each nanocomposite. The highest catalytic activity was shown by both Fe3O4/g-CD and Fe3O4/CS/g-CD nanocomposites (,60 and 27%BPA removal in ultrapure water and real wastewater effluent, respectively). Our findings reveal the superior performance of g-CD-functionalised Fe3O4 relative to that of Fe3O4/b-CD. The use of CD-based nanocomposites as photocatalytic materials could be an attractive option in the pre- or post-treatment stage of wastewaters by advanced oxidation processes before or after biological treatment. KW - Photooxidation KW - Sonochemical synthesis KW - Wastewater PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1071/EN18181 SN - 1448-2517 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 125 EP - 136 PB - CSIRO Publishing CY - Clayton South AN - OPUS4-48316 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nadejde, C. A1 - Neamtu, M. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Ababei, G. A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Tannic acid- and natural organic matter-coated magnetite as green Fenton-like catalysts for the removal of water pollutants JF - Journal of Nanoparticle Research N2 - The use of magnetic materials as heterogeneous catalysts has attracted increasing attention in the last years since they proved to be promising candidates for water treatment. In the present study, two types of surface-modified magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, coated with non-hazardous naturally occurring agents—either tannic acid (TA) or dissolved natural organic matter—were evaluated as magnetic heterogeneous catalysts. Chemical synthesis (co-precipitation) was chosen to yield the nanocatalysts due to its well-established simplicity and efficiency. Subsequently, the properties of the final products were fully assessed by various characterization techniques. The catalytic activity in heterogeneous oxidation of aqueous solutions containing a model pollutant, Bisphenol A (BPA), was comparatively studied. The effect of operational parameters (catalyst loading, H2O2 dosage, and UV light irradiation) on the Degradation performance of the oxidation process was investigated. The optimum experimental parameters were found to be 1.0 g/L of catalysts and 10 mM H2O2, under UV irradiation. The highest mineralization rates were observed for Fe3O4-TA catalyst. More than 80 % of BPA was removed after 30 min of reaction time under the specified experimental conditions. The obtained results showed that the two catalysts studied here are suitable candidates for the removal of pollutants in wastewaters by means of heterogeneous reaction using a green sustainable treatment method. KW - Nanocatalysts KW - Photo-Fenton oxidation KW - Wastewater KW - Bisphenol A degradation KW - Environment KW - Mitigation PY - 2015 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-015-3290-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-015-3290-0 VL - 17 IS - 12 SP - 476 (1) EP - 476 (10) PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-38758 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -