TY - CONF A1 - Pfender, Max T1 - Einführung in das Leitthema: Prüfprobleme bei Verbundwerkstoffen N2 - Die Prüfprobleme bei Verbundwerkstoffen sind im wesentlichen bestimmt durch die Zweckbestimmung des betreffenden Gegenstandes, die materielle und organisatorische Basis für die Verwirklichung des Vorhabens, die untersuchende und vergleichende Auswahl geeigneter Stoffe und Verarbeitungsverfahren und durch die bestätigende und deshalb meist komplexe Prüfung seiner Funktion mit vorgegebenem Leitwert und darauf bezogenen Variablen bei oft nicht als Konstanten beherrschbaren Parametern. Die erfolgreiche Lösung einer solchen Aufgabe setzt voraus die ausreichende Kenntnis physikalischer, chemischer, mechanischer und technologischer Eigenschaften von verfügbaren und preiswürdigen Stoffen und Stoffzuständen, deren Beeinflußbarkeit und deren Auswirkungen auf den angestrebten Zweck einschließlich erwünschter belangloser oder auch unerwünschter aber erträglicher oder zusätzlich zu kompensierender Nebenwirkungen. Dafür wiederum braucht man ausreichende qualitative und quantitative Vorstellungen über die mit der angestrebten Funktion zusammenhängenden physikalischen Vorgänge, mechanischen Anstrengungen und chemischen Einwirkungen in dem so bedingten Verbundsystem von Werkstoffen entsprechender Eigenschaften. Aufgaben dieser Art sind z. B. Konstruktionen für die Wandlung, Verteilung, Nutzung oder Abwehr von Energie für die Herstellung, die Verarbeitung und den Transport von Stoffen, für die Darstellung von Wohnung, Kleidung und Nahrung sowie jener materiellen und organisatorischen Voraussetzungen, die dem Menschen als Gesellschaftswesen und über den physischen Bereich hinaus dienen. Hinweisende Beispiele zeigen, daß die Problematik der Prüfung von Verbundwerkstoffen am zuverlässigsten erfaßt und beherrscht werden kann, wenn die Kenntnis der Eigenschaften von Stoffen und Materialien dem konstruktiv zu behandelnden Funktionszweck entspricht, dadurch eine souveräne Auswahl im Sinne einer weiter reichenden Kombination einzelner hervorragender Eigenschaften möglich ist und das Geplante als geschaffene Wirklichkeit durch den prüfenden Versuch und die beobachtete Bewährung bestätigt wird. T2 - DVM-Tag 1967 CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 20.04.1967 PY - 1967 AN - OPUS4-54751 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Casperson, Ralf A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin A1 - Pohl, Rainer T1 - Wirbelstromprüfung an Eisenbahnschienen - Integration der Wirbelstromtechnik in Ultraschallprüfzüge T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2004: ZfP in Forschung, Entwicklung und Anwendung N2 - Eisenbahnschienen sind betriebsbedingt hohen mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Es ist notwendig, Schädigungen möglichst frühzeitig zu detektieren und hinsichtlich ihrer Schädigungstiefe zu bewerten, um sie durch gezielte Schienenbearbeitung (Schleifen, Hobeln, Fräsen) rechtzeitig zu beseitigen. Mit der bisher in Schienenprüfzügen eingesetzten Ultraschalltechnik lassen sich die Oberflächenfehler nur schwer detektieren. Eine Bewertung der Schädigungstiefe ist nicht möglich. Die Wirbelstromtechnik stellt als oberflächennahes Verfahren der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung eine ideale Ergänzung zur volumenhaften Ultraschallprüfung dar. Es wurde ein Wirbelstromprüfsystem entwickelt, das eine Detektion und Tiefenbewertung von Oberflächenfehlern bei einer Prüfgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 100 km/h und einem Messpunktabstand von 1 mm ermöglicht. Das Wirbelstromsystem kann in das vorhandene Ultraschallsystem integriert werden. Dieses beginnt mit der Übernahme der Dateinamen zur Speicherung der Messdaten, dem synchronen Start und Stopp der Messung, Ortssynchronisation über gemeinsamen Wegtakt und externe Kilometrierung bis hin zur gemeinsamen Darstellung der Prüfergebnisse. Die unterschiedlichen Ultraschallsysteme der verschiedenen Prüfzüge erfordern eine flexible Konfigurierbarkeit der Schnittstelle (Digital-IO, LAN). Wegen des enormen Umfanges der Urdaten ist es erforderlich, die Auswertung der Wirbelstromdaten so weit wie möglich zu automatisieren. Als Ergebnis der automatisierten Auswertung erhält der Prüfer Angaben über Lage, Art und Häufigkeit von Fehlern sowie die maximale Schädigungstiefe. Nebenbei ist das Wirbelstromsystem auch in der Lage, Schweißnähte in den Schienen zu detektieren. Da die Schweißnähte auch optisch zu erkennen sind, stellen sie ein wichtiges Merkmal zum Auffinden von Fehlstellen dar. T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2004: ZfP in Forschung, Entwicklung und Anwendung CY - Salzburg, Austria DA - 17.05.2004 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4083 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lexow, Jürgen T1 - Materials Properties - Acquisition and Treatment of Data at BAM N2 - Following to a brief introduction of BAM the procedures are explained how to prepare reference materials in analytical chemistry. Examples are given for collecting and presenting data in welding, thermomechanical properties and tribology. The use of data for modelling safety in technology and chemistry is demonstrated. Finally there is in outlook on the World Materials Research Institut Forum (WMRIF) and recommendations for action. T2 - NCSRD-Workshop CY - Daejon, South Korea DA - 28.10.2008 KW - Materials Data KW - Werkstoffdaten KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Fügetechnik KW - Modellierung KW - Werkstoffmechanik KW - Korea KW - National Center for Standards and Reference Data (NCSRD) KW - Tribologie KW - Industrielle Sicherheit KW - WMRIF PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-38022 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kind, Thomas T1 - GPR antenna array for the inspection of railway ballast N2 - A GPR antenna array was investigated for automated measurement of wave propagation velocity as a measure of the ballast quality. This goes beyond the regular application of conventional radar systems offering only qualitative structural information. The new approach provides a fast NDT method for the classification of ballast fouling. A main advantage of the multi-offset radar is that regular ballast digging for velocity evaluation can be avoided and travel time can be directly transformed into an equivalent depth by using the automatically evaluated velocity. Fast monitoring of ballast fouling condition can reduce maintenance cost significantly by supporting the works necessary for ballast cleaning and furthermore this method reduces interruption time for a better railway service. T2 - National Seminar & Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation, NDE 2011 of the INDIAN SOCIETY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (ISNT) CY - Chennai, India DA - 08.12.2011 KW - Radar KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Railroad PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-39811 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Fast Orientation Projection using OpenGL N2 - Electron backscatter diffraction produces an enormous number of single orientation data which need to be processed but also visualized. The presentation shows that standard hardware can be used to increase the presentation speed considerably. T2 - EBSD 2012 CY - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA DA - 19.06.2012 KW - electron backscatter diffraction KW - OpenGL KW - crystal orientation KW - pole figure PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-37900 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Payton, E. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - The BSE signal as an additional tool for phase assignment in EBSD N2 - The presentation demonstrates how the background signal of EBSD patterns can be used for a rough assignment of phases which cannot distinguished by the diffraction signal. T2 - EBSD 2012 CY - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA DA - 19.06.2012 KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Backscattered electrons KW - Kikuchi pattern KW - Phase distribution KW - Phase separation KW - Phase recognition PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-37901 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kind, Thomas T1 - Ortung von Spanngliedern zum schadensfreien Bohren im Rahmen von Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen N2 - Am Beispiel der Ertüchtigung einer Brücke in Bremen wird gezeigt, wie mit den zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren (ZfP) Radar- und Ultraschall die genau Lage vorgespannte Bewehrung gefunden bzw. bestätigt werden kann. Im Rahmen von Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen an Spannbetonbrücken werden häufig Kernbohrungen durchgeführt, die die vorhandenen Spannbewehrungen nicht beschädigen dürfen. Es wird die Vorgehensweise beschrieben, wie mit ZfP ein wesentlicher Beitrag geleistet wird, das Risiko einer Beschädigung zu minimieren und somit eine bessere Planungssicherheit für die Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen zu schaffen. Dabei werden auch die Grenzen der bei den Verfahren aufgezeigt. T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose 2012, Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen und Zukunftsaufgaben CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.02.2012 KW - Radar KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Stahlbeton KW - Ultraschall PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-39821 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kind, Thomas T1 - GPR Development and Applications in Germany N2 - The presentation was an invited talk for the final meeting of the Mara Nord Project. Projects purpose is to demonstrate the potential of GPR method use in road condition measurement and rehabilitation planning to the Nordic market. This will be achieved through cooperation between Finland, Sweden and Norway. The presentation gives an overview of road condition measurement and rehabilitation planning in Germany and several different kind of GPR applications in Germany. T2 - Ground Penetrating Radar in Road Monitoring and Evaluation Now and the Future - Seminar (Mara Nord Project) CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 18.04.2012 KW - Radar KW - Road inspection KW - Non-destructive testing PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-39816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brown, A. S. A1 - van der Veen, A. M. H. A1 - Arrhenius, K. A1 - Tuma, Dirk T1 - Traceable standards and methods for the analysis of non-conventional energy gases N2 - Declining European natural gas resources and increasing legislation mean that diversification towards ‘non-conventional gases’ is essential. Accurate and traceable measurements of the composition of non- conventional gases are required to ensure gases can be transported in existing pipeline networks, and used with existing appliances. The EMRP ‘Characterisation of energy gases’ project is successfully developing a metrology infrastructure to underpin these measurements. New standards and methods have been developed for biogas composition, biogas impurities, coal mine gases, refinery gases and environmentally-friendly odorants. The project is set to conclude in 2013 with the challenging analysis of a series of real non-conventional gas samples. T2 - 28th Meeting of the CCQM Gas Analysis Working Group (GAWG) CY - Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation DA - 24.10.2012 KW - metrology KW - traceable standards KW - energy gases PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-35946 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Hentschel, Matthias P. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, A. A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Staude, A. T1 - Applications of X-ray refraction to non-destructive characterization of ceramics and composites N2 - X-ray refraction is analogous to visible light deflection by matter, with two main differences: 1- convex objects cause divergence (i.e., the refraction index n is smaller than 1), and 2- deflection angles are very small, from a few seconds to a few minutes of arc (i.e., n is near to 1). Trivially but importantly, deflection of X-rays is also sensitive to the orientation of the object boundaries. These features make X-ray refraction techniques extremely suitable to a) detect defects such as pores and microcracks, and quantify their densities in bulk (light) materials, and b) evaluate porosity and particle properties such as orientation, size, and spatial distribution (by mapping). While X-ray refraction techniques cannot in general image single defects, their detectability is simply limited by the wavelength of the radiation. We will thereby show the application of X-ray refraction 2D mapping (topography) and tomography to different sorts of problems in ceramic science and technology: 1) Sintering of SiC green bodies; 2) Porosity analysis in diesel particulate filter silicates; 3) fiber de-bonding in metal and polymer matrix composites; 4) micro-cracking of glass-precursor -eucryptite. We will see that the use of X-ray refraction analysis yields quantitative results, also directly usable in available models. T2 - Herbsttreffen des Verbandes der Keramik Industrien CY - Fraunhofer IWM, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany DA - 27.10.2016 KW - Röntgenrefraktion KW - Kompositen KW - Keramiken KW - Computertomographie KW - TF Material PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-38301 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Winkelmann, Aimo A1 - Lühr, T. A1 - Westphal, C. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Improved analysis of EBSD patterns N2 - The presentation demonstrates how crystal structures can be derived from EBSD patterns. T2 - EBSD Meeting CY - London, UK DA - 31.03.2014 KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Kikuchi pattern KW - Crystal structure analysis PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-37893 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Symmetry and Euler angles N2 - The relationship between Euler angles and symmetry-equivalent descriptions of crystal orientations are explained. T2 - EBSD Meeting CY - London, UK DA - 31.03.2014 KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Crystal orientation KW - Euler angles KW - Crystal symmetry PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-37894 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Computational Advances N2 - The EBSD signal provides more information than the used Kikuchi pattern. The presentation discusses several parts of the detected signal and how they can be interpreted. T2 - EBSD 2014 CY - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA DA - 17.06.2014 KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Simulation KW - Kikuchi pattern KW - Magnetite KW - Maghemite KW - Hematite PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-37899 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kind, Thomas T1 - Sinn und Unsinn dichter Messraster bei Radaruntersuchungen von Betonbauteilen N2 - Schlaffe und vorgespannte Bewehrungen in Stahlbetonbauwerken lassen sich in einer Tiefe von etwa 30 – 35 cm gut mit dem Radarverfahren orten. In der Praxis zeigt sich aber häufig, daß der zeitliche Aufwand für eine Radarmessung stark variieren kann. Gründe dafür sind zum einen die Komplexität der Bewehrung im Betonbauteil, zum anderen aber auch die Unsicherheit des Anwenders bei der Durchführung der Radarmessung. Die Frage, ob die Bewehrung schon mit der Messung entlang einer einzelnen Messlinie gefunden werden kann, oder ob eine flächige Messung notwendig ist, kann häufig nicht schnell und einfach beantwortet werden. Bei flächigen Radarmessungen ist ein wesentlicher Punkt dabei die Frage, wie dicht das Messraster sein soll. In der Praxis stellt sich häufig im Nachhinein heraus, daß ein weniger dichtes Raster mit einem Messlinienabstand von 10 cm oder 20 cm statt eines dichteren Rasters von z. B. 5 cm Messlinienabstand keine merkliche Verschlechterung des Ergebnisses beim Orten der Bewehrung liefert. Der zeitliche Aufwand für eine Radarmessung kann sich deshalb bei einer aufgabenbezogenen Wahl des Messrasters im Vergleich zur ursprünglichen Messung um deutlich mehr als die Hälfte verringern. Seltener tritt in der Praxis der Fall auf, daß ein Messraster zu groß gewählt wurde. Anhand von Praxisbeispielen werden die Unterschiede von Radarergebnissen bei einer Variation von Messrastern gezeigt. Die Wahl eines aufgabenbezogenen Messrasters wird ebenso wie die Wahl einer geschickten Antennenpolarisation bei der Ortung vorgespannter Bewehrung betrachtet und der Einfluss der Antennenpolarisation auf den Aufwand der Radarmessung diskutiert. Abschließend wird ein kurzer Ausblick gegeben, was für ein Potential dichte Messraster trotzdem in der Forschung haben können. T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose 2014 der DGZfP CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.02.2014 KW - Radar KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Stahlbeton PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-39820 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Walter, Korvin A1 - Pogrzeba, T. A1 - Hamerla, T. A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Schomäcker, R. A1 - Wozny, G. T1 - Hydroformylation of long-chained alkenes in microemulsions: Raman-spectrometer assisted mini-plant operation N2 - Hydroformylation in microemulsions under mild reaction conditions is investigated using a Rhodium-based catalyst yields high selectivity of 98:2 of the desired linear product. A successful mini-plant operation for over 130 hours was performed. Online concentration monitoring of the system was done using 785nm Raman spectrometer. T2 - Conference: 9th International Symposium on Catalysis in Multiphase Reactors CY - Lyon, France DA - 07.12.2014 KW - Hydroformylierung KW - Reaction monitoring KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Online monitoring KW - Prozessanalytik PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-37400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Innovationen in der Prozessanalytik – Welches sind die neuen Herausforderungen? N2 - Der Vortrag stellt die aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkte zum Thema Prozessanalytik an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) vor und nennt aktuelle Entwicklungsfelder mit dem Ziel gemeinsamer F&E-Projekte. Zunächst wird die Prozessindustrie und ihre Wertschöpfungskette vorgestellt. Daraus ergibt sich eine Motivation für Prozessanalytik. Zwischen der Prozessanalytik in der Pharmazeutische Industrie und der Chemischen Industrie bzw. Verfahrenstechnik gibt es Unterschiede, die herausgearbeitet werden. Der Vortrag schließt mit Technologiewünschen und Technologievisionen und nennt Konkrete Beispiele für Visionen für PAT, insbesondere im Kontext des Zukunftsprojekts „Industrie 4.0“ T2 - Innovationen entwickeln – Von der Idee bis zum Projektstart CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 11.12.2014 KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Prozessindustrie KW - Innovationen KW - Pharmazeutische Industrie KW - Technologiewünsche KW - Technologievisionen KW - Industrie 4.0 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-36146 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Haftfestigkeit optischer und ophthalmischer Schichten auf Polymeren und Glas T1 - Adhesive strength of optical coatings on glass and ophthalmic coatings on polymers N2 - Die quantitative Bestimmung der Haftfestigkeit von Beschichtungen ist von entscheidender Bedeutung sowohl für die Entwicklung als auch für die Qualitätssicherung. In einer Vergleichsstudie zur Haftfestigkeit von optischen und ophthalmischen Schichten wurde mit Hilfe der Zentrifugentechnologie der Einfluss verschiedener Parameter (Substratdicke, Oberflächenvorbehand-lung, Haftvermittler) auf die Haftfestigkeit optischer Schichten auf silikatischen und ophthalmischer Schichten auf polymeren Substraten untersucht. Zur Bestimmung der Haftfestigkeit in der physikalisch korrekten Dimension Kraft pro Fläche im Stirnabzug stehen die Ein-Proben-Prüfung mit der Zugprüfmaschine und die Mehr-Proben-Prüfung mittels Zentri- fugentechnologie zur Verfügung. Die Zentrifugentechnologie wurde ausgewählt, da die Prüfung von bis zu acht Proben unter nahezu identischen Versuchsbedingungen und somit eine statistisch gesicherte Bestimmung der Haftfestigkeit möglich sind. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Substratdicke einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die gemessene Haftfestigkeit hat. Dies entspricht den Erwartungen, da es sich bei der Haftfestigkeit um eine System- eigenschaft des Schicht-Substrat-Systems handelt. Bei den Delaminationsbrüchen (DF) konnte zwischen Delamination des metallischen Reflektors (DF-R) und Delamination des Dielektrikums (DF-D) unter- schieden werden. Im Fall hinreichender Haftfestigkeit der Beschichtung traten auch Adhäsionsbrüche am Interface zum und Kohäsionsbrüche im Klebstoff auf. Nachfolgende Untersuchungen werden sich mit alternativen Klebstoffen und weiterentwickelten Fügestrategien befassen. N2 - The quantitative determination of adhesive strength of coatings is essential for both R&D and quality assurance. In a comparative study on adhesive strength of optical and ophthalmic coatings, centrifuge technology has been used for the investigation of the influence of certain parameters (e.g. substrate thickness, surface-pretreatment and adhesion promoters) on adhesive strength of optical coatings on silicate and ophthalmic coatings on polymer substrates. For determination of adhesive strength in the correct dimension force per area in the pull-off test, only two tests are available, the single-sample test in a tensile testing machine and the multi-sample test by means of centrifuge technology. The centrifuge technology has been chosen because up to eight samples can be tested under almost identical testing conditions at the same time. Hence, a statistical evaluation of adhesive strength is feasible. It has been shown that substrate thickness has a remarkable influence on the measured adhesive strength. This fulfils the expectations as adhesive strength is a system property of the coating-substrate system. Regarding delamination failure (DF) it could be differentiated between the delamination of reflective coatings (DF-R) and delamination of dielectric coatings (DF-D). In case of sufficient adhesive strength of the coating, adhesion failure at the interface of and cohesion failure within the adhesive were also observed. Following studies will address alternative adhesives and advanced bonding strategies. T2 - Werkstoffprüfung 2015 CY - Bad Neuenahr, Germany DA - 03.12.2015 KW - Haftfestigkeit KW - Optische Schichten KW - Ophthalmische Schichten KW - Zentrifugentechnologie KW - Mehr-Proben-Prüfung PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37022 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Bartusch, Jürgen A1 - Dohse, Elmar A1 - Schadow, Florian A1 - Köppe, Enrico T1 - Focusing of ferroelectret air-coupled ultrasound transducers N2 - Air-coupled ultrasound has been applied increasingly as a non-destructive testing method for lightweight construction in recent years. It is particularly appropriate for composite materials being used in automotive and aviation industry. Air-coupled ultrasound transducers mostly consist of piezoelectric materials and matching layers. However, their fabrication is challenging and their signal-to-noise ratio often not sufficient for many testing requirements. To enhance the efficiency, air-coupled ultrasound transducers made of cellular polypropylene have been developed. Because of its small density and sound velocity, this piezoelectric ferroelectret matches the small acoustic impedance of air much better than matching layers applied in conventional transducers. In our contribution, we present two different methods of spherical focusing of ferroelectret transducers for the further enhancement of their performance in NDT applications. Measurements on carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) samples and on metal adhesive joints performed with commercially available focused air-coupled ultrasound transducers are compared to measurements executed with self-developed focused ferroelectret transducers. T2 - 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA DA - 26.07.2015 KW - Focusing KW - Ferroelectret KW - Air-coupled KW - Transducer KW - Ultrasonic PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35957 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Introduction to PowderCell N2 - The presentation give a short introduction into the free-available software PowderCell (BAM)for the simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns of polycrystalline materials. T2 - PowderCell Users meeting CY - Joinville, Brazil DA - 19.10.2015 KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Simulation KW - Structure viewer KW - Subgroup relationships PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37791 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Winkelmann, Aimo A1 - Hielscher, R. A1 - Han, M. A1 - Li, L. A1 - Payton, E. T1 - EBSD: more reliable and accurate N2 - The presentation discusses numerous new approaches in order to increase precision and accuracy of electrom backscatter diffraction measurements. T2 - 1st EBSD Workshop CY - Belo Horizonte, Brazil DA - 17.09.2015 KW - Orientation mapping KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Lattice parameter determination KW - Orientation precision KW - Orientation noise PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37797 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Winkelmann, Aimo T1 - The challenge of band detection N2 - The presentation demonstrates different traps which are related to the detection of Kikuchi bands in EBSD patterns. T2 - EBSD 2015 CY - Glasgow, UK DA - 30.03.2015 KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Image processing KW - Pseudo symmerty KW - Crystal lattice KW - Pyrite KW - Pattern matching KW - Misindexing PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37805 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - SEM-TKD: Signal formation, practical challenges and related applications N2 - TKD and EBSD will be compared and benefits as well as limitations of TKD will be discussed. T2 - XIV Brazilian MRS Meeting CY - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil DA - 27.09.2015 KW - TKD KW - EBSD KW - Kikuchi diffraction KW - Nanoanalytic KW - Orientation mapping PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37788 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Simulation of powder diffraction patterns N2 - The theory of powder diffraction simulation is explained at the example of PowderCell, a free-available software of BAM. T2 - PowderCell Users meeting CY - Joinville, Brazil DA - 21.09.2015 KW - Powder diffraction KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Phase analysis KW - Simulation PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37789 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Keller, Julia A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Interactions of (1,3-dicarbonyl)-mycotoxins and metal ions N2 - Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi which have diverse detrimental effects on humans, animals and crops. Traceable worldwide in foods and animal feeds, these contaminants cause manifold diseases and extensive economic losses. Therefore, European legislation set maximum levels of distinct mycotoxins to minimize the risks for the buying public. But standardized food analysis techniques fail to detect masked mycotoxins, whose research increasingly moves to the fore in recent years. They are formed from detoxification metabolism of plants as well as from fungi, which conjugate for example with glucosides or dihexosides. All masked mycotoxins have one thing in common: They are not detectable with standard methods, thereby contributing to the overall exposure and pose an additional health risk for the consumer. The dissertation work will focus on the following potential new group of masked toxins. Food safety relevant mycotoxins like zearalenone and ochratoxin A possess one or more 1,3-dicarbonyl moieties. Latter are principally able to form thermodynamically stable chelate complexes with metal cations. First investigations at BAM showed interactions between zearalenone and copper ions and it is conceivable that they possibly build a complex. Our main focus is now to identify, characterize and quantify 1,3-dicarbonyl mycotoxin metal complexes as potential candidates within the group of conjugated mycotoxins. We will simulate processes of biotransformation and identify distinct metabolites by electrochemistry coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (EC-HPLC-MS). The obtained knowledge contributes to a better understanding of masked mycotoxins and an improved monitoring of foods and feeds, to ensure food safety. T2 - BAM PhD Retreat CY - Wandlitz, Germany DA - 05.06.2015 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Metal ions PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-38222 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tschaikner, Martin A1 - Redmer, Bernhard A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Bullinger, O. A1 - Schnars, U. A1 - Schulting, D. T1 - Laminographic inspection of large fibre composite structures at the production site N2 - Short describtion of the technology and results of laminography. T2 - 7th International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 16.11.2015 KW - Laminography KW - 3D Reconstruction KW - Inspection of CFRP KW - Laminografie KW - 3D Rekonstruktion KW - Untersuchung von CFK PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35610 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pellegrino, F. A1 - Pellutiè, L. A1 - Maurino, V. A1 - Ortel, Erik A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Isopescu, R. A1 - Toloi, D. T1 - Experimental approaches and paradigms for shape controlled synthsis of TiO2 nanoparticles N2 - Titanium dioxide is one of the most studied metal oxides due to its interesting chemical, surface, electronic and (photo)catalytic properties. These properties provide this material of multisectorial applications, ranging from healthcare, photocatalysis, smart materials with self cleaning and self sterilizing properties and solar energy harvesting (photovoltaics and water photosplitting). However it is difficult to correlate the functional properties of TiO₂ nanomaterials to the properties at single nanoparticle level due to the high polydispersity in shape, size and surface properties of the currently available TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) Although intensive experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted on the reactivity of different surfaces of metal oxides such as TiO₂ [1,2] much less attention is paid on the dependence of functional properties, like photocatalytic activity, dye adsorption, open circuit potential and fill factor in dye sensitized solar cells, on crystal facets in different orientations [3]. One of the goal of SETNanoMetro is the development of design rules to tune crystal facets of TiO₂ NPs in order to optimize and control functional properties. By tuning the ratio of different facets, the functional properties would be correspondingly changed. In the present work we have developed a series of design rules in order to obtain sets of anatase TiO₂ NPs with low polydispersity and to tune their shape and their size though hydrothermal processing of Ti(IV)-Triethanolamine complex in presence of different shape controllers (OH-, triethanolamine, fluoride). Through a careful experimental design the influence of many process parameters (pH, temperature, shape controller type and concentration) on the synthesis outcome (size, shape and polydispersity), a predictive soft model was developed. The model is able to predict reasonably well the synthesis outcome allowing to tune the shape factor from 5 (prisms) to 1.5 (bipyramids) to 0.2 (platelets). This allows to control the main crystal facets exposed ranging from (100) to (001). T2 - EMEC16, 16th European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry CY - Turin, Italy DA - 30.11.2015 KW - TiO2 KW - nanoparticles PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35933 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trela, Christiane A1 - Kind, Thomas A1 - Günther, Martin T1 - Ground penetrating radar in reflection vs transmission mode for void detection in concrete structures N2 - The concreting of prefabricated concrete structures can lead to insufficient bonding or even to remaining cavities. Honeycombs (aggregate clusters without cement) represent potential weakening of the structure and need to be detected non-destructively. In our study we tested the capability of ground penetrating radar (GPR) techniques for this purpose. We applied GPR in reflection mode and zero-offset profiling (ZOP) transmission mode on a precast concrete twin wall with built-in honeycombs. GPR measurements were performed as two channel measurement with ground coupled antennas with centre frequencies of 1.5 GHz and 2.6 GHz mounted to an automated scanner system. Our findings show that ZOP transmission measurements are a more efficient method to detect voids in reinforced concrete structures compared to reflection mode measurements. This holds for both the effort needed for the measurement and the evaluation as well as the validity of the data. Honeycombs (basically representing voids) are usually characterized by strongly reduced amplitudes and earlier arrivals of the transmitted wave. T2 - International Symposium Non-Destructive Tesing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE 2015) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2015 KW - Void detection KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Reflection KW - Transmission KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Prefabricated wall PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-40005 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Denkler, Tilman T1 - Guest lecture: Quality infrastructure & sustainability N2 - Gastvortrag an der TU Berlin zu Qualitätsinfrastruktur und Nachhaltigkeit, gehalten im Rahmen der Veranstaltungsreihe Sustainable Innovation N2 - Guest lecture at the TU Berlin on quality infrastructure and sustainability, held as part of the Sustainable Innovation lecture series. T2 - Guest lecture at Sustainable Innovation - WS 2015/2016 CY - TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany DA - 01.12.2015 KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Sustainability PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-41699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Isleyen, A. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Skrundric, N. A1 - Jotanovic, A. A1 - Näykki, T. A1 - Horvat, M. A1 - Zoń, A. A1 - Bulska, E. A1 - Ochsenkuhn- Petropoulou, M. A1 - Can, S. Z. A1 - Bilsel, M. A1 - Hafner, K. A1 - Perkola, N. A1 - Ari, B. A1 - Tunç, M. A1 - Binici, B. T1 - Matrix reference materials for environmental analysis N2 - This project aims to develop capacity to produce certified reference materials (CRMs) for environmental analysis by transferring know-how between the partners and combining their skills to focus on environmental CRM production. The production process includes good manufacturing practices for processing materials, method development, the validation and application of homogeneity, stability and characterisation tests, the calculation of individual uncertainties (between-unit inhomogeneity, long term stability, characterisation) and combination of uncertainties to determine overall uncertainty of the matrix reference materials. An inter laboratory comparison registered as a EURAMET project is set as the ultimate project outcome, confirming the partners’ capabilities in applying newly acquired skills. T2 - 9th International Conference on Instrumental Methods of Analysis: Modern Trends and Applications CY - Kalamata, Greece DA - 20.09.2015 KW - Priority substances KW - Toxic metals KW - PFOS KW - PFA PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-45252 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Zientek, Nicolai A1 - Paul, Andrea T1 - qNMR forever – reference material metrology at high pressures and high purities N2 - Due to recent advances in technical developments of NMR instruments such as acquisition electronics and probe design, detection limits of components in liquid mixtures were improved into the lower ppm range (approx. 5–10 ppm amount of substance). This showed that modern NMR equipment is also suitable for the observation of hydrocarbon samples in the expanded fluid phase or gas phase. Since Quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR) is a direct ratio method of analysis without the need of calibration it was used to determine impurities in appropriate liquid and liquefied hydrocarbon isomers up to C6, which are used for preparation of primary gas standards, e.g., natural gas or exhaust gas standards. At the same time it is possible to yield structural information with a minimum of sample preparation. Thus, cross contaminations between different isomers of the observed hydrocarbons and their (NMR-active) impurities can be identified and quantified. In general, most quantitative organic chemical measurements rely on the availability of highly purified compounds to act as calibration standards. The traceability and providence of these standards is an essential component of any measurement uncertainty budget and provides the final link of the result to the units of measurement, ideally the SI. The more recent increase in the use of qNMR for the direct assessment of chemical purity however can potentially improve the traceability and reduce the uncertainty of the measured chemical purity at a reduced cost and with less material. For example the method has beneficially been used by National Measurement institutes for recent CCQM comparisons including the CCQM–K55 series of purity studies. Traditional ‘indirect’ methods of purity analysis require that all impurities are identified and quantified, leading to a minimum of 4 individual analytical methods (organic impurities, water, solvents, inorganic residue). These multiple technique approaches measure an array of different chemical impurities normally present in purified organic chemical compounds. As many analytical methodologies have compound-specific response factors, the accuracy and traceability of the purity assessment is dependent on the availability of reference materials of the impurities being available. qNMR provides the most universally applicable form of direct purity determination without need for reference materials of impurities or the calculation of response factors but only exhibiting suitable NMR properties. The development of CRMs addressing qNMR specific measurement issues will give analysts compounds ideally suited for the analytical method and also provide full characterisation of qNMR related parameters to enable more realistic uncertainty budgets. These materials will give users the tools to exploit qNMR more easily and enable them to speed up analytical method development and reduce the time and financial burden of multiple analytical testing. T2 - 3rd Practical Application of NMR in Industry Conference (PANIC) 2015 CY - La Jolla, CA, USA DA - 09.02.2015 KW - qNMR KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Reference Material KW - Metrology PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Zientek, Nicolai A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Kern, Simon A1 - Paul, Andrea T1 - Quantitative and online NMR Spectroscopy at BAM N2 - Online NMR spectroscopy, Determination of impurities of fluids, NMR process Monitoring, purity assessment T2 - NMR-Kolloquium Buchs CY - Buchs, Switzerland DA - 29.05.2015 KW - qNMR KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Online NMR Spectroscopy KW - Reaction monitoring KW - Reference material KW - Metrology PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36143 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Zientek, Nicolai T1 - Towards online reaction monitoring with fully automated NMR data evaluation and modelling - Current results from simultaneous 19F-1H medium resolution NMR experiments N2 - NMR Process Monitoring Towards an automated field integration T2 - 3rd Practical Applications of NMR in Industry Conference (PANIC) - Mestrelab users' meeting CY - La Jolla, CA, USA DA - 08.02.2015 KW - Online NMR spectroscopy KW - Reaction monitoring KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Process analytical technology PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36145 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Forschung und Entwicklung für Prozessanalytik und Automatisierung in der Prozessindustrie N2 - Neue Prozess-Sensoren für neue Produktionskonzepte. Wie entsteht Innovation? Forschungsimpulse aus der Technologie-Roadmap „Prozess-Sensoren 2015+“. Herausforderungen durch das Zukunftsprojekt „Industrie 4.0“. Technologie-Roadmap „Prozess-Sensoren 4.0“ T2 - ACHEMA 2015: Automation im Dialog – Meet the experts CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 15.06.2015 KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Smart Sensors KW - Smarte Sensoren KW - Process Analytical Technology KW - Prozessanalytik PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36142 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Guthausen, G. A1 - Zientek, Nicolai A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Dalitz, F. T1 - Online measurements in a bypass: challenges and possibilities N2 - The design of sample flow cells, commonly used in online analytics and especially for medium resolution NMR spectroscopy (MR-NMR) in low magnetic fields, was experimentally and theoretically investigated by 1H-NMR and numerical simulations. The flow pattern was characterised to gain information about the residence time distribution and mixing effects. Both 1H-NMR imaging and spectroscopy were used to determine the characteristics of flow cells and their significance for on-line measurements such as reaction monitoring or hyphenated separation spectroscopy. The volume flow rates investigated were in the range from 0.1 to 10 ml/min, typically applied in the above mentioned applications. When compared to those commonly used in high-field NMR, the special characteristics of flow cells for MR-NMR were revealed by various NMR experiments and compared with CFD simulations. The influence of the design of the inlet and outlet on the flow pattern was investigated as well as the effect of the length of the cell. For practical use, a numerical estimation of the inflow length was given. In addition, it was shown how experiments on the polarisation build-up revealed insight into the flow characteristics in MR-NMR. T2 - Quantitative NMR Methods for Reaction and Process Monitoring (NMRPM) Symposium CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany DA - 15.01.2015 KW - Online NMR spectroscopy KW - Process analytical technology KW - Flow profiles KW - Online monitoring KW - Reaction monitoring PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36147 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Zientek, Nicolai A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Kern, Simon T1 - Low field NMR spectroscopy for online monitoring N2 - Online NMR spectroscopy is an excellent tool to study complex reacting multicomponent mixtures and gain process insight and understanding. For online studies under process conditions, flow NMR probes can be used in a wide range of temperature and pressure. This paper compiles the most important aspects towards quantitative process NMR spectroscopy in complex multicomponent mixtures and provides examples. After NMR spectroscopy is introduced as an online method and for technical samples without sample preparation in deuterated solvents, influences of the residence time distribution, pre-magnetization, and cell design are discussed. NMR acquisition and processing parameters as well as data preparation methods are presented and the most practical data analysis strategies are introduced. T2 - Sonderkolloquium der INVITE-GmbH CY - Leverkusen, Germany DA - 07.09.2016 KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - CONSENS KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Online NMR spectroscopy PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-361417 AN - OPUS4-36141 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Isleyen, A. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Scrundric, N. A1 - Jotanovic, A. A1 - Näykki, T. A1 - Horvat, M. A1 - Zon, A. A1 - Bulska, E. A1 - Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou, M. A1 - Can, S.Z. A1 - Bilsel, M. A1 - Hafner, K. A1 - Perkola, N. A1 - Ari, B. A1 - Tunc, M. A1 - Binici, B. T1 - Matrix reference materials for environmental analysis N2 - Reliable analysis of chemical indicators in water, sediment and soil samples for the purpose of environmental pollution assessment poses one of the greatest analytical challenges, having in mind the complexity of sample matrix and low concentrations of pollutants. Organics (pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, etc.) and heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Ni, Pb and As) represent target parameters. Laboratories performing sampling and tests in this field regulated by respective EU directives [1], need strong support in terms of providing them with appropriate matrix CRMs enabling the process of quality control. NMIs and DIs with proven metrological capabilities for the production and certification of such materials are necessary for the provision of quality data. This project is aiming to develop capacity to produce CRMs for environmental analysis by transferring the theoretical and practical know-how between the partners and combining their skills to focus on environmental CRM production in accordance with ISO Guide 34 [2]. Production process includes good manufacturing practices for processing materials, method development and validation for homogeneity, stability and characterisation tests, characterisation of selected analytes together with additional information about matrix constituents, the calculation of individual uncertainties (between units inhomogeneity, long term stability, characterisation) and combination of uncertainties to determine overall uncertainty of the matrix reference materials. Inter laboratory comparison registered as EURAMET project is set as the ultimate project outcome, confirming the partners’ capabilities in applying newly acquired skills. T2 - 9th International Conference on Instrumental Methods of Analysis: Modern Trends and Applications CY - Kalamata, Greece DA - 20.09.2015 KW - PFOS KW - Environment KW - CRM KW - Soil KW - Heavy metal KW - PFOA PY - 2015 UR - http://www.ima2015.teikal.gr/images/IMA-2015_book_of_abstracts.pdf AN - OPUS4-38799 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - qNMR-Referenzmaterialien und "Indirect Hard Modeling" (IHM) als Integrationsmethode N2 - Resolving overlapping peaks of multiple components. Relative primary analytical method - Fundamental relationship of qNMR. T2 - 4. Sitzung der Next-NMR-Arbeitsgruppe CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 08.12.2015 KW - qNMR KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM) KW - Referenzmaterialien PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36138 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - „NMR-METRONOMIE“ Die quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie (qNMR) gibt den Takt an N2 - qNMR is a pelative primary analytical method: Overview on fundamental relationships of qNMR T2 - Festkolloquium NMR-Spektroskopie (zum 25 jährigen Jubiläum der Firma Spectral Service, Köln) CY - Köln, Germany DA - 18.09.2015 KW - qNMR KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Metrologie PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36140 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Schmid, Thomas T1 - Möglichkeiten zur Sonderprobenanalytik - Gemeinsame Aktivitäten mit dem Salsa-Applikationslabor der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin N2 - Troubleshooting Samples Analytics: Impurities in products: unexpected & unwanted occurrence, unknown identity, analytical method unclear, often various analytical methods, necessary, short response time important (< 1 d), benefits: allocation of its source within hours safes cost • Investigations planned, coordinated and documented by TSA team • Variety of analytical methods available T2 - 3. Analytic-City-Forum Berlin Adlershof CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 08.10.2015 KW - Troubleshooting Samples Analytics KW - TSA KW - Sonderprobenanalytik KW - Salsa KW - Applikationslabor PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36139 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Drescher, Daniela A1 - Büchner, T. A1 - Zeise, Ingrid A1 - Kneipp, Janina A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - Studying cellular uptake and processing of nanoparticles by LA-ICP-MS N2 - In recent years, elemental imaging of biological samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is gaining in importance. Latest improvements regarding spatial resolution (down to 1 µm) and washout time make LA-ICP-MS particularly interesting for single cell analysis. Many current nanomaterials can serve as contrast agents in cellular or tissue imaging, drug delivery vehicles or therapeutics, whereas others can cause toxic effects. In order to evaluate nano-bio interactions, the number of nanoparticles (NPs) inside cells as well as their localisation within cellular substructures is of particular interest. LA-ICP-MS was used to study the NP pathway from uptake, via intracellular processing up to cell division. Fibroblast cells were incubated with different metallic NPs under varying experimental conditions. For LA analysis the cells were fixed with formaldehyde and dried. Our results show that LA-ICP-MS is able to localise NP aggregates within cellular substructures. The NPs accumulate in the perinuclear region in the course of intracellular processing, e.g. multivesicular fusion and endosomal maturation, but do not enter the nucleus [1, 2]. A strong dependence of NP uptake on concentration and incubation time was found. Additionally, the number of NPs internalized by individual cells was determined and variations within the cell population became visible. A new laser ablation system providing a short washout time (50 ms) together with small spot sizes (< 4 µm) and high repetition rates allows high spatial resolution applications. First results of cell imaging will be shown. The findings demonstrate the potential of LA-ICP-MS enabling insight into NP uptake and intracellular distribution dependent on experimental parameters. T2 - 8th Nordic Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Loen, Norway DA - 05.06.2016 KW - Imaging KW - LA-ICP-MS KW - Cell KW - Nanoparticles PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36500 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard T1 - Coping with the EU Nano-definition: abilities and limitations of particle sizing with SAXS N2 - Excelling in brevity but lacking in applicability, the 2011 EU nanomaterial definition has become a source of anguish for scientists and industry alike. Repeated pleas and discussions with our own envoy have demonstrated the strength of their resolve: this definition is unlikely to change. Manufacturers of many materials (cosmetics, pigments, foodstuffs, etc.) will have to characterise and label all their products accordingly, a task still impossible for lack of a clear metrological approach towards this goal. Therefore, the onus has fallen on the scientists to come up with a practicable measurement technique allowing inexpensive classification covering large swathes of the material landscape. Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) probes the size range in question, and can - with due care - deliver a bulk-averaged volume-weighted size distribution. Like any other real-world measurement method, however, it is not (and can never be) a universal solution. This presentation will clarify the SAXS technique, provide several application examples for nanomaterial characterisation, and will detail the limitations and pitfalls that accompany its abilities. At the end of this presentation, you will have the information to judge whether the technique is amenable to your materials or not. T2 - 2016 TechConnect World Innovation Conference CY - National Harbor, MD, USA DA - 23.05.2016 KW - SAXS KW - presentation KW - EU KW - Nanomaterial PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Asadujjaman, Asad A1 - Bertin, Annabelle T1 - Aggregation behavior of UCST-Type Poly(Acrylamide-co-Acrylonitrile) copolymer N2 - Thermoresponsive polymers have shown great potential in applications such as bioseparation, drug delivery and diagnostic. Only few thermoresponsive polymers that present an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in a relevant temperature range, i.e. phase separate from solution upon cooling, have been reported so far. Moreover, the most studied UCST type polymers namely polybetaines are difficult to use under physiological conditions, which significantly restricts their potential applications. Therefore, UCST polymers with sharp and robust phase transition in physiological conditions (in the presence of salts, ions etc.) are highly needed in order to extend the range of applications of this class of polymers. Herein, a robust UCST-type copolymer of acrylamide (AAm) and acrylonitrile (AN) (poly(AAm-co-AN)) was prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and its thermo-induced aggregation behavior in aqueous media was studied. At temperature below the UCST, the copolymer chains were aggregated together. The aggregate size was found to be larger with increasing AN contents and became smaller upon dilution of the copolymer solutions. While above the UCST, the copolymer chains were expanded and weekly associated in solution. The association between the copolymer chains formed smaller aggregates with increasing the AN contents or the dilution of the solutions. A model is proposed to explain such aggregation-association behavior of the Fig. 1. Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the proposed thermos-induced aggregation behavior of the poly(AAm-co-AN) in aqueous solution. T2 - World Congress on Living Polymerizations and Polymers 2016 CY - Budapest, Hungry DA - 29.05.2016 - 03.06.2016 KW - Polymer KW - UCST PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36491 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - ICP-MS with Sector Field Devices N2 - This lecture is an introduction to ICP-MS with a double focusing magnetic sector mass analyzer. It offers fundamental background, a thorough discussion of analytical features, and state of the art information on applications. Different types of double focusing instruments also are considered. Specific topics include fundamental aspects of ICP-MS (physical properties of a double focusing instrument, operational characteristics in comparison with quadrupole instruments); analytical characteristics (spectral and non-spectral interferences, figures of merit in low and high resolution modes, blanks and memory effects, HPLC and GC interfaces), and applications (industrial including ultra-pure reagents and alloys, environmental, geological, and biomedical materials). T2 - Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Tucson, Arizona, USA DA - 10.01.2016 KW - High-resolution ICP-MS KW - Figures of merit KW - Interfaces KW - Applications KW - Ultra-trace analysis PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37148 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grauel, Bettina T1 - Nd-sensitized tri-doped UCNP systems N2 - This presentation gives a short overview of the PhD student's research topics and interests, within the scope of the 2016 UPCON Spring School. T2 - UPCON 2016 Spring School CY - Breslau, Poland DA - 25.05.2016 KW - UCNP KW - Nd-sensitizer PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37223 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Frenzel, Florian T1 - Spectroscopic study of plasmon enhanced upconversion nanoparticles N2 - The presentation gave an overview of the topic, the aims and the task allocation of the M-ERA.NET founded project named “Nanohype”. In this project four research teams working hand in hand on computational modeling, synthesis and experimental validation to design novel metal-shelled Upconversion-NP combining plasmonic interactions. As Ph.D. student at the BAM I am responsible for the optical characterization (measurements of lifetimes, Quantum Yields and PL emissions ) of these promising novel systems. T2 - SpringSchool, UpCon2016 CY - Wrocław (Breslau), Polen DA - 25.05.2016 KW - Field Enhancement KW - Upconversion KW - Core-Shell KW - FRET KW - Plasmonic PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37225 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kage, Daniel A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Göhde, W. A1 - Thiele, T. A1 - Schedler, U. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Lifetime-encoded microparticles - application to flow cytometry N2 - Analytical methods require efficient and versatile strategies to measure an increasing number of analytes that can be used in conjunction with established platforms like flow cytometry. Spectral multiplexing suffers from problems such as spectral crosstalk and often requires different excitation light sources increasing instrumentation costs. Thus, the number of distinguishable reporters with intensity-based barcodes is limited. An alternative can be lifetime encoding for discrimination of fluorophores based on their fluorescence decay kinetics. We report on the suitability of µm-sized polymer particles stained with organic dyes for lifetime encoding. These dyes are excitable at a standard laser diode wavelength and detectable within a single spectral window. For lifetime-based discrimination, these dyes display sufficiently different luminescence decay kinetics. We present the spectroscopic properties of these beads and address challenges like the limited number of detectable photons in a flow for the reliable discrimination. These studies are expected to pave the road to new applications of fluorescence lifetime multiplexing for time-domain flow cytometry. T2 - DPG Spring Meeting 2016 CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 06.03.2016 KW - flow cytometry KW - lifetime encoding KW - life sciences KW - fluorescence KW - polymer particles PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37153 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stockmann, Jörg M. A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Visualization of low-contrast surface modifications: thin films, printed pattern, laser-induced changes, imperfections, impurities, and degradation N2 - Industrial quality control (QC) nowadays requires the visualization of surface modifications from the macro-scopic to the microscopic or even nanoscopic scale. This is a prerequisite to the evaluation of functionality and reliability, the detection of defects and their separation of artefacts. The diversity of applications ranges from low-E glazings and solar panels, micro- and optoelectronics, micro- and smart devices to sensor-on-chip and lab-on-chip systems [1]. Optical microcopy (light, confocal laser scanning, white light interference) as established QC-tool is operated at normal incidence, i.e. p- and s-polarization are undistinguishable. Either light-intensity in terms of grey scale and colour or intensity-correlated effects of phase shifts are used. In case of ellipsometry, operated at oblique incidence, p- and s-polarization matter, and amplitude ratios and phase shifts upon reflection are measured. Hence, information content must be much higher. The visualization of surface modifications may be very challenging for coating/substrate systems of either al-most identical optical constants, e.g. transparent films on substrates of the same material, or minor film thick-ness, substance quantity and affected area, e.g. ultra-thin or island films. Ellipsometry gives access to the con-trast of intensity (I), amplitude ratio (Ψ), and phase shift (Δ) with nanometer-scaled vertical and micrometer-scaled lateral sensitivity, one is able to identify tiny changes within an unmodified surface. As both mapping ellipsometry (ME) and imaging ellipsometry (IE) are operated in the optical far-field, surface inspection is also possible on the macroscopic scale. Near the Brewster-angle of the bare, undamaged, clean, and fresh substrate, the contrast to add-on and sub-off features is superior. Fig. 1 shows three examples of ellipsometric imaging, i.e. a thin SnO:Ni film on SiO2/Si (Fig. 1a), a dried stain of an anti-body solution on cyclo-olefin-polymer (COP) shown in Fig. 1b, and a polyimide film residue on SiO2/Si (Fig. 1c). For all of these examples, ellipsometry provides much better contrast between substrate and surface modification than optical microscopy, sometimes primarily caused by the oblique incidence (Figs. 1a and 1c), in other cases related to the phase sensitivity of ellipsometry (Fig. 1b). Other examples are laser surface modifications and the corrosion of glass. In these cases, optical microscopy and IE yield to similar results, how-ever only ellipsometry gives access to modelling. Further investigated coating/substrate systems are 100Cr6 steel, native oxide on silicon, borosilicate glass, and the polymer polycarbonate with deposited films of graphene and ta-C:H, printed and dried pattern of liquids such as water, cleaning agents, and dissolved silicone. Besides imaging ellipsometry, referenced spectral ellipsometry (RSE) has been applied, combining the advantages of both optical microscopy (fast measurement) and ellipsometry (high sensitivity to tiny modifications). T2 - International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (ICSE-7) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.06.2016 KW - Ellipsometry KW - Thin films KW - Impurities KW - Degradation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37068 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Standardization of fluorescence measurements: Design, development, validation, and fabrication of format-adaptable fluorescence standards for intensity, spectral, and temporal quantities N2 - Photoluminescence techniques are amongst the most widely used tools in the material and life sciences, with new and exciting applications continuously emerging, due to their many advantages like comparative ease of use, unique sensitivity, non-invasive character, and potential for multiplexing, remote sensing, and miniaturization. Drawbacks are , however, signals, that contain unwanted wavelength- and polarization contributions from instrument-dependent effects, which are time-dependent due to the aging of instrument components, and difficulties to measure absolute fluorescence intensities. Thus, there is a considerable need for standards for intensity, spectral, and temporal fluorescence quantities to meet the increasing need for instrument performance validation and global trends to harmonize physicochemical measurements. In this respect, instrument calibration strategies together with different types of fluorescence standards are presented as well as design concepts for robust, easy-to-use, and format-adaptable fluorescence standards useable for the determination of different fluorescence parameters and a broad variety of fluorescence techniques. T2 - SALSA-Kolloquien CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.06.2016 KW - Fluorescence KW - Standard KW - Quality assurance KW - Spectral correction KW - Quantum yield PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37070 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Kormunda, M. A1 - Esser, N. T1 - Ellipsometric characterization of metal doped SnOx thin films for SPREE-based gas sensors N2 - Gas sensors are an important tool in various areas for example in industrial process control as well as Gas sensors are an important tool in various areas for example in industrial process control as well as safety applications or in research. A useful gas detector should be selective, precise, stable and cost-effective. In the present research a surface based gas detection technique is investigated using the SPR effect with ellipsometric readout. This technique is called surface plasmon resonance enhanced ellipsometry (SPREE). The sensor consists of a gold layer (40 nm) top-coated with a doped metal-oxide (M:SnOₓ, 5 nm). The coating is added by magnetron sputtering with doped targets with different doping concentrations. It could be shown that, without the top-coating, these type of sensors can detect various gases, e.g. CO, H2, O2, O3, He, N2, with sensitivities down to the ppm range (in air). The goal of the present study is to characterize the additional coating materials in dependence of the coating conditions. With the help of the doped-metal oxide, the sensitivity increases dramatically by a factor of 100. Additionally, a selectivity for specific gases is observed which depends on the doping conditions of the coating. Changing the properties of the plasma coating process and the doping metal gives access to a variety of different layers and enables us to find the best conditions. T2 - Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V. - Kolloqium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.05.2016 KW - Ellipsometry KW - SPR effect KW - SnOx KW - Gas sensors PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37034 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weller, Andreas A1 - Zhang, Zeyu A1 - Slater, L. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Halisch, M. T1 - Induced polarization and pore radius - a discussion N2 - Permeability estimation from spectral induced polarization (SIP) measurements is based on a fundamental premise that the characteristic relaxation time (t) is related to the effective hydraulic radius (reff) controlling fluid flow. The approach requires a reliable estimate of the diffusion coefficient of the ions in the electrical double layer. Others have assumed a value for the diffusion coefficient, or postulated different values for clay versus clay-free rocks. We examine the link between t and reff for an extensive database of sandstone sampleswhere mercury porosimetry data confirm that reff is reliably determined from a modification of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation assuming that the electrical tortuosity is equal to the hydraulic tortuosity. Our database does not support the existence of 1 or 2 distinct representative diffusion coefficients but instead demonstrates strong evidence for 6 orders of magnitude of variation in an apparent diffusion coefficient that is well correlated with both reff and the specific surface area per unit pore volume (Spor). Two scenarios can explain our findings: (1) the length-scale defined by t is not equal to reff and is likely much longer due to the control of pore surface roughness; (2) the range of diffusion coefficients is large and likely determined by the relative proportions of the different minerals (e.g. silica, clays) making up the rock. In either case, the estimation of reff (and hence permeability) is inherently uncertain from SIP relaxation time. T2 - IP Workshop 2016 CY - Aarhus, Denmark DA - 06.06.2016 KW - pore radius KW - mercury intrusion capillary pressure KW - spectral induced polarization KW - relaxation time PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37116 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -