TY - CONF A1 - Pfender, Max T1 - Einführung in das Leitthema: Prüfprobleme bei Verbundwerkstoffen N2 - Die Prüfprobleme bei Verbundwerkstoffen sind im wesentlichen bestimmt durch die Zweckbestimmung des betreffenden Gegenstandes, die materielle und organisatorische Basis für die Verwirklichung des Vorhabens, die untersuchende und vergleichende Auswahl geeigneter Stoffe und Verarbeitungsverfahren und durch die bestätigende und deshalb meist komplexe Prüfung seiner Funktion mit vorgegebenem Leitwert und darauf bezogenen Variablen bei oft nicht als Konstanten beherrschbaren Parametern. Die erfolgreiche Lösung einer solchen Aufgabe setzt voraus die ausreichende Kenntnis physikalischer, chemischer, mechanischer und technologischer Eigenschaften von verfügbaren und preiswürdigen Stoffen und Stoffzuständen, deren Beeinflußbarkeit und deren Auswirkungen auf den angestrebten Zweck einschließlich erwünschter belangloser oder auch unerwünschter aber erträglicher oder zusätzlich zu kompensierender Nebenwirkungen. Dafür wiederum braucht man ausreichende qualitative und quantitative Vorstellungen über die mit der angestrebten Funktion zusammenhängenden physikalischen Vorgänge, mechanischen Anstrengungen und chemischen Einwirkungen in dem so bedingten Verbundsystem von Werkstoffen entsprechender Eigenschaften. Aufgaben dieser Art sind z. B. Konstruktionen für die Wandlung, Verteilung, Nutzung oder Abwehr von Energie für die Herstellung, die Verarbeitung und den Transport von Stoffen, für die Darstellung von Wohnung, Kleidung und Nahrung sowie jener materiellen und organisatorischen Voraussetzungen, die dem Menschen als Gesellschaftswesen und über den physischen Bereich hinaus dienen. Hinweisende Beispiele zeigen, daß die Problematik der Prüfung von Verbundwerkstoffen am zuverlässigsten erfaßt und beherrscht werden kann, wenn die Kenntnis der Eigenschaften von Stoffen und Materialien dem konstruktiv zu behandelnden Funktionszweck entspricht, dadurch eine souveräne Auswahl im Sinne einer weiter reichenden Kombination einzelner hervorragender Eigenschaften möglich ist und das Geplante als geschaffene Wirklichkeit durch den prüfenden Versuch und die beobachtete Bewährung bestätigt wird. T2 - DVM-Tag 1967 CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 20.04.1967 PY - 1967 AN - OPUS4-54751 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Casperson, Ralf A1 - Thomas, Hans-Martin A1 - Pohl, Rainer T1 - Wirbelstromprüfung an Eisenbahnschienen - Integration der Wirbelstromtechnik in Ultraschallprüfzüge T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2004: ZfP in Forschung, Entwicklung und Anwendung N2 - Eisenbahnschienen sind betriebsbedingt hohen mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Es ist notwendig, Schädigungen möglichst frühzeitig zu detektieren und hinsichtlich ihrer Schädigungstiefe zu bewerten, um sie durch gezielte Schienenbearbeitung (Schleifen, Hobeln, Fräsen) rechtzeitig zu beseitigen. Mit der bisher in Schienenprüfzügen eingesetzten Ultraschalltechnik lassen sich die Oberflächenfehler nur schwer detektieren. Eine Bewertung der Schädigungstiefe ist nicht möglich. Die Wirbelstromtechnik stellt als oberflächennahes Verfahren der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung eine ideale Ergänzung zur volumenhaften Ultraschallprüfung dar. Es wurde ein Wirbelstromprüfsystem entwickelt, das eine Detektion und Tiefenbewertung von Oberflächenfehlern bei einer Prüfgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 100 km/h und einem Messpunktabstand von 1 mm ermöglicht. Das Wirbelstromsystem kann in das vorhandene Ultraschallsystem integriert werden. Dieses beginnt mit der Übernahme der Dateinamen zur Speicherung der Messdaten, dem synchronen Start und Stopp der Messung, Ortssynchronisation über gemeinsamen Wegtakt und externe Kilometrierung bis hin zur gemeinsamen Darstellung der Prüfergebnisse. Die unterschiedlichen Ultraschallsysteme der verschiedenen Prüfzüge erfordern eine flexible Konfigurierbarkeit der Schnittstelle (Digital-IO, LAN). Wegen des enormen Umfanges der Urdaten ist es erforderlich, die Auswertung der Wirbelstromdaten so weit wie möglich zu automatisieren. Als Ergebnis der automatisierten Auswertung erhält der Prüfer Angaben über Lage, Art und Häufigkeit von Fehlern sowie die maximale Schädigungstiefe. Nebenbei ist das Wirbelstromsystem auch in der Lage, Schweißnähte in den Schienen zu detektieren. Da die Schweißnähte auch optisch zu erkennen sind, stellen sie ein wichtiges Merkmal zum Auffinden von Fehlstellen dar. T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2004: ZfP in Forschung, Entwicklung und Anwendung CY - Salzburg, Austria DA - 17.05.2004 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4083 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lexow, Jürgen T1 - Materials Properties - Acquisition and Treatment of Data at BAM N2 - Following to a brief introduction of BAM the procedures are explained how to prepare reference materials in analytical chemistry. Examples are given for collecting and presenting data in welding, thermomechanical properties and tribology. The use of data for modelling safety in technology and chemistry is demonstrated. Finally there is in outlook on the World Materials Research Institut Forum (WMRIF) and recommendations for action. T2 - NCSRD-Workshop CY - Daejon, South Korea DA - 28.10.2008 KW - Materials Data KW - Werkstoffdaten KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Fügetechnik KW - Modellierung KW - Werkstoffmechanik KW - Korea KW - National Center for Standards and Reference Data (NCSRD) KW - Tribologie KW - Industrielle Sicherheit KW - WMRIF PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-38022 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kind, Thomas T1 - GPR antenna array for the inspection of railway ballast N2 - A GPR antenna array was investigated for automated measurement of wave propagation velocity as a measure of the ballast quality. This goes beyond the regular application of conventional radar systems offering only qualitative structural information. The new approach provides a fast NDT method for the classification of ballast fouling. A main advantage of the multi-offset radar is that regular ballast digging for velocity evaluation can be avoided and travel time can be directly transformed into an equivalent depth by using the automatically evaluated velocity. Fast monitoring of ballast fouling condition can reduce maintenance cost significantly by supporting the works necessary for ballast cleaning and furthermore this method reduces interruption time for a better railway service. T2 - National Seminar & Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation, NDE 2011 of the INDIAN SOCIETY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (ISNT) CY - Chennai, India DA - 08.12.2011 KW - Radar KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Railroad PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-39811 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Fast Orientation Projection using OpenGL N2 - Electron backscatter diffraction produces an enormous number of single orientation data which need to be processed but also visualized. The presentation shows that standard hardware can be used to increase the presentation speed considerably. T2 - EBSD 2012 CY - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA DA - 19.06.2012 KW - electron backscatter diffraction KW - OpenGL KW - crystal orientation KW - pole figure PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-37900 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Payton, E. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - The BSE signal as an additional tool for phase assignment in EBSD N2 - The presentation demonstrates how the background signal of EBSD patterns can be used for a rough assignment of phases which cannot distinguished by the diffraction signal. T2 - EBSD 2012 CY - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA DA - 19.06.2012 KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Backscattered electrons KW - Kikuchi pattern KW - Phase distribution KW - Phase separation KW - Phase recognition PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-37901 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kind, Thomas T1 - Ortung von Spanngliedern zum schadensfreien Bohren im Rahmen von Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen N2 - Am Beispiel der Ertüchtigung einer Brücke in Bremen wird gezeigt, wie mit den zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren (ZfP) Radar- und Ultraschall die genau Lage vorgespannte Bewehrung gefunden bzw. bestätigt werden kann. Im Rahmen von Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen an Spannbetonbrücken werden häufig Kernbohrungen durchgeführt, die die vorhandenen Spannbewehrungen nicht beschädigen dürfen. Es wird die Vorgehensweise beschrieben, wie mit ZfP ein wesentlicher Beitrag geleistet wird, das Risiko einer Beschädigung zu minimieren und somit eine bessere Planungssicherheit für die Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen zu schaffen. Dabei werden auch die Grenzen der bei den Verfahren aufgezeigt. T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose 2012, Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen und Zukunftsaufgaben CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.02.2012 KW - Radar KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Stahlbeton KW - Ultraschall PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-39821 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kind, Thomas T1 - GPR Development and Applications in Germany N2 - The presentation was an invited talk for the final meeting of the Mara Nord Project. Projects purpose is to demonstrate the potential of GPR method use in road condition measurement and rehabilitation planning to the Nordic market. This will be achieved through cooperation between Finland, Sweden and Norway. The presentation gives an overview of road condition measurement and rehabilitation planning in Germany and several different kind of GPR applications in Germany. T2 - Ground Penetrating Radar in Road Monitoring and Evaluation Now and the Future - Seminar (Mara Nord Project) CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 18.04.2012 KW - Radar KW - Road inspection KW - Non-destructive testing PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-39816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brown, A. S. A1 - van der Veen, A. M. H. A1 - Arrhenius, K. A1 - Tuma, Dirk T1 - Traceable standards and methods for the analysis of non-conventional energy gases N2 - Declining European natural gas resources and increasing legislation mean that diversification towards ‘non-conventional gases’ is essential. Accurate and traceable measurements of the composition of non- conventional gases are required to ensure gases can be transported in existing pipeline networks, and used with existing appliances. The EMRP ‘Characterisation of energy gases’ project is successfully developing a metrology infrastructure to underpin these measurements. New standards and methods have been developed for biogas composition, biogas impurities, coal mine gases, refinery gases and environmentally-friendly odorants. The project is set to conclude in 2013 with the challenging analysis of a series of real non-conventional gas samples. T2 - 28th Meeting of the CCQM Gas Analysis Working Group (GAWG) CY - Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation DA - 24.10.2012 KW - metrology KW - traceable standards KW - energy gases PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-35946 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Hentschel, Matthias P. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, A. A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Staude, A. T1 - Applications of X-ray refraction to non-destructive characterization of ceramics and composites N2 - X-ray refraction is analogous to visible light deflection by matter, with two main differences: 1- convex objects cause divergence (i.e., the refraction index n is smaller than 1), and 2- deflection angles are very small, from a few seconds to a few minutes of arc (i.e., n is near to 1). Trivially but importantly, deflection of X-rays is also sensitive to the orientation of the object boundaries. These features make X-ray refraction techniques extremely suitable to a) detect defects such as pores and microcracks, and quantify their densities in bulk (light) materials, and b) evaluate porosity and particle properties such as orientation, size, and spatial distribution (by mapping). While X-ray refraction techniques cannot in general image single defects, their detectability is simply limited by the wavelength of the radiation. We will thereby show the application of X-ray refraction 2D mapping (topography) and tomography to different sorts of problems in ceramic science and technology: 1) Sintering of SiC green bodies; 2) Porosity analysis in diesel particulate filter silicates; 3) fiber de-bonding in metal and polymer matrix composites; 4) micro-cracking of glass-precursor -eucryptite. We will see that the use of X-ray refraction analysis yields quantitative results, also directly usable in available models. T2 - Herbsttreffen des Verbandes der Keramik Industrien CY - Fraunhofer IWM, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany DA - 27.10.2016 KW - Röntgenrefraktion KW - Kompositen KW - Keramiken KW - Computertomographie KW - TF Material PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-38301 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Winkelmann, Aimo A1 - Lühr, T. A1 - Westphal, C. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Improved analysis of EBSD patterns N2 - The presentation demonstrates how crystal structures can be derived from EBSD patterns. T2 - EBSD Meeting CY - London, UK DA - 31.03.2014 KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Kikuchi pattern KW - Crystal structure analysis PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-37893 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Symmetry and Euler angles N2 - The relationship between Euler angles and symmetry-equivalent descriptions of crystal orientations are explained. T2 - EBSD Meeting CY - London, UK DA - 31.03.2014 KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Crystal orientation KW - Euler angles KW - Crystal symmetry PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-37894 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Computational Advances N2 - The EBSD signal provides more information than the used Kikuchi pattern. The presentation discusses several parts of the detected signal and how they can be interpreted. T2 - EBSD 2014 CY - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA DA - 17.06.2014 KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Simulation KW - Kikuchi pattern KW - Magnetite KW - Maghemite KW - Hematite PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-37899 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kind, Thomas T1 - Sinn und Unsinn dichter Messraster bei Radaruntersuchungen von Betonbauteilen N2 - Schlaffe und vorgespannte Bewehrungen in Stahlbetonbauwerken lassen sich in einer Tiefe von etwa 30 – 35 cm gut mit dem Radarverfahren orten. In der Praxis zeigt sich aber häufig, daß der zeitliche Aufwand für eine Radarmessung stark variieren kann. Gründe dafür sind zum einen die Komplexität der Bewehrung im Betonbauteil, zum anderen aber auch die Unsicherheit des Anwenders bei der Durchführung der Radarmessung. Die Frage, ob die Bewehrung schon mit der Messung entlang einer einzelnen Messlinie gefunden werden kann, oder ob eine flächige Messung notwendig ist, kann häufig nicht schnell und einfach beantwortet werden. Bei flächigen Radarmessungen ist ein wesentlicher Punkt dabei die Frage, wie dicht das Messraster sein soll. In der Praxis stellt sich häufig im Nachhinein heraus, daß ein weniger dichtes Raster mit einem Messlinienabstand von 10 cm oder 20 cm statt eines dichteren Rasters von z. B. 5 cm Messlinienabstand keine merkliche Verschlechterung des Ergebnisses beim Orten der Bewehrung liefert. Der zeitliche Aufwand für eine Radarmessung kann sich deshalb bei einer aufgabenbezogenen Wahl des Messrasters im Vergleich zur ursprünglichen Messung um deutlich mehr als die Hälfte verringern. Seltener tritt in der Praxis der Fall auf, daß ein Messraster zu groß gewählt wurde. Anhand von Praxisbeispielen werden die Unterschiede von Radarergebnissen bei einer Variation von Messrastern gezeigt. Die Wahl eines aufgabenbezogenen Messrasters wird ebenso wie die Wahl einer geschickten Antennenpolarisation bei der Ortung vorgespannter Bewehrung betrachtet und der Einfluss der Antennenpolarisation auf den Aufwand der Radarmessung diskutiert. Abschließend wird ein kurzer Ausblick gegeben, was für ein Potential dichte Messraster trotzdem in der Forschung haben können. T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose 2014 der DGZfP CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.02.2014 KW - Radar KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Stahlbeton PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-39820 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Walter, Korvin A1 - Pogrzeba, T. A1 - Hamerla, T. A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Schomäcker, R. A1 - Wozny, G. T1 - Hydroformylation of long-chained alkenes in microemulsions: Raman-spectrometer assisted mini-plant operation N2 - Hydroformylation in microemulsions under mild reaction conditions is investigated using a Rhodium-based catalyst yields high selectivity of 98:2 of the desired linear product. A successful mini-plant operation for over 130 hours was performed. Online concentration monitoring of the system was done using 785nm Raman spectrometer. T2 - Conference: 9th International Symposium on Catalysis in Multiphase Reactors CY - Lyon, France DA - 07.12.2014 KW - Hydroformylierung KW - Reaction monitoring KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Online monitoring KW - Prozessanalytik PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-37400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Innovationen in der Prozessanalytik – Welches sind die neuen Herausforderungen? N2 - Der Vortrag stellt die aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkte zum Thema Prozessanalytik an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) vor und nennt aktuelle Entwicklungsfelder mit dem Ziel gemeinsamer F&E-Projekte. Zunächst wird die Prozessindustrie und ihre Wertschöpfungskette vorgestellt. Daraus ergibt sich eine Motivation für Prozessanalytik. Zwischen der Prozessanalytik in der Pharmazeutische Industrie und der Chemischen Industrie bzw. Verfahrenstechnik gibt es Unterschiede, die herausgearbeitet werden. Der Vortrag schließt mit Technologiewünschen und Technologievisionen und nennt Konkrete Beispiele für Visionen für PAT, insbesondere im Kontext des Zukunftsprojekts „Industrie 4.0“ T2 - Innovationen entwickeln – Von der Idee bis zum Projektstart CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 11.12.2014 KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Prozessindustrie KW - Innovationen KW - Pharmazeutische Industrie KW - Technologiewünsche KW - Technologievisionen KW - Industrie 4.0 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-36146 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Haftfestigkeit optischer und ophthalmischer Schichten auf Polymeren und Glas T1 - Adhesive strength of optical coatings on glass and ophthalmic coatings on polymers N2 - Die quantitative Bestimmung der Haftfestigkeit von Beschichtungen ist von entscheidender Bedeutung sowohl für die Entwicklung als auch für die Qualitätssicherung. In einer Vergleichsstudie zur Haftfestigkeit von optischen und ophthalmischen Schichten wurde mit Hilfe der Zentrifugentechnologie der Einfluss verschiedener Parameter (Substratdicke, Oberflächenvorbehand-lung, Haftvermittler) auf die Haftfestigkeit optischer Schichten auf silikatischen und ophthalmischer Schichten auf polymeren Substraten untersucht. Zur Bestimmung der Haftfestigkeit in der physikalisch korrekten Dimension Kraft pro Fläche im Stirnabzug stehen die Ein-Proben-Prüfung mit der Zugprüfmaschine und die Mehr-Proben-Prüfung mittels Zentri- fugentechnologie zur Verfügung. Die Zentrifugentechnologie wurde ausgewählt, da die Prüfung von bis zu acht Proben unter nahezu identischen Versuchsbedingungen und somit eine statistisch gesicherte Bestimmung der Haftfestigkeit möglich sind. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Substratdicke einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die gemessene Haftfestigkeit hat. Dies entspricht den Erwartungen, da es sich bei der Haftfestigkeit um eine System- eigenschaft des Schicht-Substrat-Systems handelt. Bei den Delaminationsbrüchen (DF) konnte zwischen Delamination des metallischen Reflektors (DF-R) und Delamination des Dielektrikums (DF-D) unter- schieden werden. Im Fall hinreichender Haftfestigkeit der Beschichtung traten auch Adhäsionsbrüche am Interface zum und Kohäsionsbrüche im Klebstoff auf. Nachfolgende Untersuchungen werden sich mit alternativen Klebstoffen und weiterentwickelten Fügestrategien befassen. N2 - The quantitative determination of adhesive strength of coatings is essential for both R&D and quality assurance. In a comparative study on adhesive strength of optical and ophthalmic coatings, centrifuge technology has been used for the investigation of the influence of certain parameters (e.g. substrate thickness, surface-pretreatment and adhesion promoters) on adhesive strength of optical coatings on silicate and ophthalmic coatings on polymer substrates. For determination of adhesive strength in the correct dimension force per area in the pull-off test, only two tests are available, the single-sample test in a tensile testing machine and the multi-sample test by means of centrifuge technology. The centrifuge technology has been chosen because up to eight samples can be tested under almost identical testing conditions at the same time. Hence, a statistical evaluation of adhesive strength is feasible. It has been shown that substrate thickness has a remarkable influence on the measured adhesive strength. This fulfils the expectations as adhesive strength is a system property of the coating-substrate system. Regarding delamination failure (DF) it could be differentiated between the delamination of reflective coatings (DF-R) and delamination of dielectric coatings (DF-D). In case of sufficient adhesive strength of the coating, adhesion failure at the interface of and cohesion failure within the adhesive were also observed. Following studies will address alternative adhesives and advanced bonding strategies. T2 - Werkstoffprüfung 2015 CY - Bad Neuenahr, Germany DA - 03.12.2015 KW - Haftfestigkeit KW - Optische Schichten KW - Ophthalmische Schichten KW - Zentrifugentechnologie KW - Mehr-Proben-Prüfung PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37022 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Bartusch, Jürgen A1 - Dohse, Elmar A1 - Schadow, Florian A1 - Köppe, Enrico T1 - Focusing of ferroelectret air-coupled ultrasound transducers N2 - Air-coupled ultrasound has been applied increasingly as a non-destructive testing method for lightweight construction in recent years. It is particularly appropriate for composite materials being used in automotive and aviation industry. Air-coupled ultrasound transducers mostly consist of piezoelectric materials and matching layers. However, their fabrication is challenging and their signal-to-noise ratio often not sufficient for many testing requirements. To enhance the efficiency, air-coupled ultrasound transducers made of cellular polypropylene have been developed. Because of its small density and sound velocity, this piezoelectric ferroelectret matches the small acoustic impedance of air much better than matching layers applied in conventional transducers. In our contribution, we present two different methods of spherical focusing of ferroelectret transducers for the further enhancement of their performance in NDT applications. Measurements on carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) samples and on metal adhesive joints performed with commercially available focused air-coupled ultrasound transducers are compared to measurements executed with self-developed focused ferroelectret transducers. T2 - 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA DA - 26.07.2015 KW - Focusing KW - Ferroelectret KW - Air-coupled KW - Transducer KW - Ultrasonic PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35957 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Introduction to PowderCell N2 - The presentation give a short introduction into the free-available software PowderCell (BAM)for the simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns of polycrystalline materials. T2 - PowderCell Users meeting CY - Joinville, Brazil DA - 19.10.2015 KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Simulation KW - Structure viewer KW - Subgroup relationships PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37791 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Winkelmann, Aimo A1 - Hielscher, R. A1 - Han, M. A1 - Li, L. A1 - Payton, E. T1 - EBSD: more reliable and accurate N2 - The presentation discusses numerous new approaches in order to increase precision and accuracy of electrom backscatter diffraction measurements. T2 - 1st EBSD Workshop CY - Belo Horizonte, Brazil DA - 17.09.2015 KW - Orientation mapping KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Lattice parameter determination KW - Orientation precision KW - Orientation noise PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37797 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Winkelmann, Aimo T1 - The challenge of band detection N2 - The presentation demonstrates different traps which are related to the detection of Kikuchi bands in EBSD patterns. T2 - EBSD 2015 CY - Glasgow, UK DA - 30.03.2015 KW - Electron backscatter diffraction KW - Image processing KW - Pseudo symmerty KW - Crystal lattice KW - Pyrite KW - Pattern matching KW - Misindexing PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37805 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - SEM-TKD: Signal formation, practical challenges and related applications N2 - TKD and EBSD will be compared and benefits as well as limitations of TKD will be discussed. T2 - XIV Brazilian MRS Meeting CY - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil DA - 27.09.2015 KW - TKD KW - EBSD KW - Kikuchi diffraction KW - Nanoanalytic KW - Orientation mapping PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37788 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Simulation of powder diffraction patterns N2 - The theory of powder diffraction simulation is explained at the example of PowderCell, a free-available software of BAM. T2 - PowderCell Users meeting CY - Joinville, Brazil DA - 21.09.2015 KW - Powder diffraction KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Phase analysis KW - Simulation PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-37789 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Keller, Julia A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Interactions of (1,3-dicarbonyl)-mycotoxins and metal ions N2 - Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi which have diverse detrimental effects on humans, animals and crops. Traceable worldwide in foods and animal feeds, these contaminants cause manifold diseases and extensive economic losses. Therefore, European legislation set maximum levels of distinct mycotoxins to minimize the risks for the buying public. But standardized food analysis techniques fail to detect masked mycotoxins, whose research increasingly moves to the fore in recent years. They are formed from detoxification metabolism of plants as well as from fungi, which conjugate for example with glucosides or dihexosides. All masked mycotoxins have one thing in common: They are not detectable with standard methods, thereby contributing to the overall exposure and pose an additional health risk for the consumer. The dissertation work will focus on the following potential new group of masked toxins. Food safety relevant mycotoxins like zearalenone and ochratoxin A possess one or more 1,3-dicarbonyl moieties. Latter are principally able to form thermodynamically stable chelate complexes with metal cations. First investigations at BAM showed interactions between zearalenone and copper ions and it is conceivable that they possibly build a complex. Our main focus is now to identify, characterize and quantify 1,3-dicarbonyl mycotoxin metal complexes as potential candidates within the group of conjugated mycotoxins. We will simulate processes of biotransformation and identify distinct metabolites by electrochemistry coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (EC-HPLC-MS). The obtained knowledge contributes to a better understanding of masked mycotoxins and an improved monitoring of foods and feeds, to ensure food safety. T2 - BAM PhD Retreat CY - Wandlitz, Germany DA - 05.06.2015 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Metal ions PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-38222 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tschaikner, Martin A1 - Redmer, Bernhard A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Bullinger, O. A1 - Schnars, U. A1 - Schulting, D. T1 - Laminographic inspection of large fibre composite structures at the production site N2 - Short describtion of the technology and results of laminography. T2 - 7th International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 16.11.2015 KW - Laminography KW - 3D Reconstruction KW - Inspection of CFRP KW - Laminografie KW - 3D Rekonstruktion KW - Untersuchung von CFK PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35610 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pellegrino, F. A1 - Pellutiè, L. A1 - Maurino, V. A1 - Ortel, Erik A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Isopescu, R. A1 - Toloi, D. T1 - Experimental approaches and paradigms for shape controlled synthsis of TiO2 nanoparticles N2 - Titanium dioxide is one of the most studied metal oxides due to its interesting chemical, surface, electronic and (photo)catalytic properties. These properties provide this material of multisectorial applications, ranging from healthcare, photocatalysis, smart materials with self cleaning and self sterilizing properties and solar energy harvesting (photovoltaics and water photosplitting). However it is difficult to correlate the functional properties of TiO₂ nanomaterials to the properties at single nanoparticle level due to the high polydispersity in shape, size and surface properties of the currently available TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) Although intensive experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted on the reactivity of different surfaces of metal oxides such as TiO₂ [1,2] much less attention is paid on the dependence of functional properties, like photocatalytic activity, dye adsorption, open circuit potential and fill factor in dye sensitized solar cells, on crystal facets in different orientations [3]. One of the goal of SETNanoMetro is the development of design rules to tune crystal facets of TiO₂ NPs in order to optimize and control functional properties. By tuning the ratio of different facets, the functional properties would be correspondingly changed. In the present work we have developed a series of design rules in order to obtain sets of anatase TiO₂ NPs with low polydispersity and to tune their shape and their size though hydrothermal processing of Ti(IV)-Triethanolamine complex in presence of different shape controllers (OH-, triethanolamine, fluoride). Through a careful experimental design the influence of many process parameters (pH, temperature, shape controller type and concentration) on the synthesis outcome (size, shape and polydispersity), a predictive soft model was developed. The model is able to predict reasonably well the synthesis outcome allowing to tune the shape factor from 5 (prisms) to 1.5 (bipyramids) to 0.2 (platelets). This allows to control the main crystal facets exposed ranging from (100) to (001). T2 - EMEC16, 16th European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry CY - Turin, Italy DA - 30.11.2015 KW - TiO2 KW - nanoparticles PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35933 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trela, Christiane A1 - Kind, Thomas A1 - Günther, Martin T1 - Ground penetrating radar in reflection vs transmission mode for void detection in concrete structures N2 - The concreting of prefabricated concrete structures can lead to insufficient bonding or even to remaining cavities. Honeycombs (aggregate clusters without cement) represent potential weakening of the structure and need to be detected non-destructively. In our study we tested the capability of ground penetrating radar (GPR) techniques for this purpose. We applied GPR in reflection mode and zero-offset profiling (ZOP) transmission mode on a precast concrete twin wall with built-in honeycombs. GPR measurements were performed as two channel measurement with ground coupled antennas with centre frequencies of 1.5 GHz and 2.6 GHz mounted to an automated scanner system. Our findings show that ZOP transmission measurements are a more efficient method to detect voids in reinforced concrete structures compared to reflection mode measurements. This holds for both the effort needed for the measurement and the evaluation as well as the validity of the data. Honeycombs (basically representing voids) are usually characterized by strongly reduced amplitudes and earlier arrivals of the transmitted wave. T2 - International Symposium Non-Destructive Tesing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE 2015) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2015 KW - Void detection KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Reflection KW - Transmission KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Prefabricated wall PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-40005 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Denkler, Tilman T1 - Guest lecture: Quality infrastructure & sustainability N2 - Gastvortrag an der TU Berlin zu Qualitätsinfrastruktur und Nachhaltigkeit, gehalten im Rahmen der Veranstaltungsreihe Sustainable Innovation N2 - Guest lecture at the TU Berlin on quality infrastructure and sustainability, held as part of the Sustainable Innovation lecture series. T2 - Guest lecture at Sustainable Innovation - WS 2015/2016 CY - TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany DA - 01.12.2015 KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Sustainability PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-41699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Isleyen, A. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Skrundric, N. A1 - Jotanovic, A. A1 - Näykki, T. A1 - Horvat, M. A1 - Zoń, A. A1 - Bulska, E. A1 - Ochsenkuhn- Petropoulou, M. A1 - Can, S. Z. A1 - Bilsel, M. A1 - Hafner, K. A1 - Perkola, N. A1 - Ari, B. A1 - Tunç, M. A1 - Binici, B. T1 - Matrix reference materials for environmental analysis N2 - This project aims to develop capacity to produce certified reference materials (CRMs) for environmental analysis by transferring know-how between the partners and combining their skills to focus on environmental CRM production. The production process includes good manufacturing practices for processing materials, method development, the validation and application of homogeneity, stability and characterisation tests, the calculation of individual uncertainties (between-unit inhomogeneity, long term stability, characterisation) and combination of uncertainties to determine overall uncertainty of the matrix reference materials. An inter laboratory comparison registered as a EURAMET project is set as the ultimate project outcome, confirming the partners’ capabilities in applying newly acquired skills. T2 - 9th International Conference on Instrumental Methods of Analysis: Modern Trends and Applications CY - Kalamata, Greece DA - 20.09.2015 KW - Priority substances KW - Toxic metals KW - PFOS KW - PFA PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-45252 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Zientek, Nicolai A1 - Paul, Andrea T1 - qNMR forever – reference material metrology at high pressures and high purities N2 - Due to recent advances in technical developments of NMR instruments such as acquisition electronics and probe design, detection limits of components in liquid mixtures were improved into the lower ppm range (approx. 5–10 ppm amount of substance). This showed that modern NMR equipment is also suitable for the observation of hydrocarbon samples in the expanded fluid phase or gas phase. Since Quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR) is a direct ratio method of analysis without the need of calibration it was used to determine impurities in appropriate liquid and liquefied hydrocarbon isomers up to C6, which are used for preparation of primary gas standards, e.g., natural gas or exhaust gas standards. At the same time it is possible to yield structural information with a minimum of sample preparation. Thus, cross contaminations between different isomers of the observed hydrocarbons and their (NMR-active) impurities can be identified and quantified. In general, most quantitative organic chemical measurements rely on the availability of highly purified compounds to act as calibration standards. The traceability and providence of these standards is an essential component of any measurement uncertainty budget and provides the final link of the result to the units of measurement, ideally the SI. The more recent increase in the use of qNMR for the direct assessment of chemical purity however can potentially improve the traceability and reduce the uncertainty of the measured chemical purity at a reduced cost and with less material. For example the method has beneficially been used by National Measurement institutes for recent CCQM comparisons including the CCQM–K55 series of purity studies. Traditional ‘indirect’ methods of purity analysis require that all impurities are identified and quantified, leading to a minimum of 4 individual analytical methods (organic impurities, water, solvents, inorganic residue). These multiple technique approaches measure an array of different chemical impurities normally present in purified organic chemical compounds. As many analytical methodologies have compound-specific response factors, the accuracy and traceability of the purity assessment is dependent on the availability of reference materials of the impurities being available. qNMR provides the most universally applicable form of direct purity determination without need for reference materials of impurities or the calculation of response factors but only exhibiting suitable NMR properties. The development of CRMs addressing qNMR specific measurement issues will give analysts compounds ideally suited for the analytical method and also provide full characterisation of qNMR related parameters to enable more realistic uncertainty budgets. These materials will give users the tools to exploit qNMR more easily and enable them to speed up analytical method development and reduce the time and financial burden of multiple analytical testing. T2 - 3rd Practical Application of NMR in Industry Conference (PANIC) 2015 CY - La Jolla, CA, USA DA - 09.02.2015 KW - qNMR KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Reference Material KW - Metrology PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Zientek, Nicolai A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Kern, Simon A1 - Paul, Andrea T1 - Quantitative and online NMR Spectroscopy at BAM N2 - Online NMR spectroscopy, Determination of impurities of fluids, NMR process Monitoring, purity assessment T2 - NMR-Kolloquium Buchs CY - Buchs, Switzerland DA - 29.05.2015 KW - qNMR KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Online NMR Spectroscopy KW - Reaction monitoring KW - Reference material KW - Metrology PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36143 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Zientek, Nicolai T1 - Towards online reaction monitoring with fully automated NMR data evaluation and modelling - Current results from simultaneous 19F-1H medium resolution NMR experiments N2 - NMR Process Monitoring Towards an automated field integration T2 - 3rd Practical Applications of NMR in Industry Conference (PANIC) - Mestrelab users' meeting CY - La Jolla, CA, USA DA - 08.02.2015 KW - Online NMR spectroscopy KW - Reaction monitoring KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Process analytical technology PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36145 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Forschung und Entwicklung für Prozessanalytik und Automatisierung in der Prozessindustrie N2 - Neue Prozess-Sensoren für neue Produktionskonzepte. Wie entsteht Innovation? Forschungsimpulse aus der Technologie-Roadmap „Prozess-Sensoren 2015+“. Herausforderungen durch das Zukunftsprojekt „Industrie 4.0“. Technologie-Roadmap „Prozess-Sensoren 4.0“ T2 - ACHEMA 2015: Automation im Dialog – Meet the experts CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 15.06.2015 KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Smart Sensors KW - Smarte Sensoren KW - Process Analytical Technology KW - Prozessanalytik PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36142 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Guthausen, G. A1 - Zientek, Nicolai A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Dalitz, F. T1 - Online measurements in a bypass: challenges and possibilities N2 - The design of sample flow cells, commonly used in online analytics and especially for medium resolution NMR spectroscopy (MR-NMR) in low magnetic fields, was experimentally and theoretically investigated by 1H-NMR and numerical simulations. The flow pattern was characterised to gain information about the residence time distribution and mixing effects. Both 1H-NMR imaging and spectroscopy were used to determine the characteristics of flow cells and their significance for on-line measurements such as reaction monitoring or hyphenated separation spectroscopy. The volume flow rates investigated were in the range from 0.1 to 10 ml/min, typically applied in the above mentioned applications. When compared to those commonly used in high-field NMR, the special characteristics of flow cells for MR-NMR were revealed by various NMR experiments and compared with CFD simulations. The influence of the design of the inlet and outlet on the flow pattern was investigated as well as the effect of the length of the cell. For practical use, a numerical estimation of the inflow length was given. In addition, it was shown how experiments on the polarisation build-up revealed insight into the flow characteristics in MR-NMR. T2 - Quantitative NMR Methods for Reaction and Process Monitoring (NMRPM) Symposium CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany DA - 15.01.2015 KW - Online NMR spectroscopy KW - Process analytical technology KW - Flow profiles KW - Online monitoring KW - Reaction monitoring PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36147 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Zientek, Nicolai A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Kern, Simon T1 - Low field NMR spectroscopy for online monitoring N2 - Online NMR spectroscopy is an excellent tool to study complex reacting multicomponent mixtures and gain process insight and understanding. For online studies under process conditions, flow NMR probes can be used in a wide range of temperature and pressure. This paper compiles the most important aspects towards quantitative process NMR spectroscopy in complex multicomponent mixtures and provides examples. After NMR spectroscopy is introduced as an online method and for technical samples without sample preparation in deuterated solvents, influences of the residence time distribution, pre-magnetization, and cell design are discussed. NMR acquisition and processing parameters as well as data preparation methods are presented and the most practical data analysis strategies are introduced. T2 - Sonderkolloquium der INVITE-GmbH CY - Leverkusen, Germany DA - 07.09.2016 KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - CONSENS KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Online NMR spectroscopy PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-361417 AN - OPUS4-36141 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Isleyen, A. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Scrundric, N. A1 - Jotanovic, A. A1 - Näykki, T. A1 - Horvat, M. A1 - Zon, A. A1 - Bulska, E. A1 - Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou, M. A1 - Can, S.Z. A1 - Bilsel, M. A1 - Hafner, K. A1 - Perkola, N. A1 - Ari, B. A1 - Tunc, M. A1 - Binici, B. T1 - Matrix reference materials for environmental analysis N2 - Reliable analysis of chemical indicators in water, sediment and soil samples for the purpose of environmental pollution assessment poses one of the greatest analytical challenges, having in mind the complexity of sample matrix and low concentrations of pollutants. Organics (pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, etc.) and heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Ni, Pb and As) represent target parameters. Laboratories performing sampling and tests in this field regulated by respective EU directives [1], need strong support in terms of providing them with appropriate matrix CRMs enabling the process of quality control. NMIs and DIs with proven metrological capabilities for the production and certification of such materials are necessary for the provision of quality data. This project is aiming to develop capacity to produce CRMs for environmental analysis by transferring the theoretical and practical know-how between the partners and combining their skills to focus on environmental CRM production in accordance with ISO Guide 34 [2]. Production process includes good manufacturing practices for processing materials, method development and validation for homogeneity, stability and characterisation tests, characterisation of selected analytes together with additional information about matrix constituents, the calculation of individual uncertainties (between units inhomogeneity, long term stability, characterisation) and combination of uncertainties to determine overall uncertainty of the matrix reference materials. Inter laboratory comparison registered as EURAMET project is set as the ultimate project outcome, confirming the partners’ capabilities in applying newly acquired skills. T2 - 9th International Conference on Instrumental Methods of Analysis: Modern Trends and Applications CY - Kalamata, Greece DA - 20.09.2015 KW - PFOS KW - Environment KW - CRM KW - Soil KW - Heavy metal KW - PFOA PY - 2015 UR - http://www.ima2015.teikal.gr/images/IMA-2015_book_of_abstracts.pdf AN - OPUS4-38799 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - qNMR-Referenzmaterialien und "Indirect Hard Modeling" (IHM) als Integrationsmethode N2 - Resolving overlapping peaks of multiple components. Relative primary analytical method - Fundamental relationship of qNMR. T2 - 4. Sitzung der Next-NMR-Arbeitsgruppe CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 08.12.2015 KW - qNMR KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM) KW - Referenzmaterialien PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36138 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - „NMR-METRONOMIE“ Die quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie (qNMR) gibt den Takt an N2 - qNMR is a pelative primary analytical method: Overview on fundamental relationships of qNMR T2 - Festkolloquium NMR-Spektroskopie (zum 25 jährigen Jubiläum der Firma Spectral Service, Köln) CY - Köln, Germany DA - 18.09.2015 KW - qNMR KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Metrologie PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36140 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Schmid, Thomas T1 - Möglichkeiten zur Sonderprobenanalytik - Gemeinsame Aktivitäten mit dem Salsa-Applikationslabor der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin N2 - Troubleshooting Samples Analytics: Impurities in products: unexpected & unwanted occurrence, unknown identity, analytical method unclear, often various analytical methods, necessary, short response time important (< 1 d), benefits: allocation of its source within hours safes cost • Investigations planned, coordinated and documented by TSA team • Variety of analytical methods available T2 - 3. Analytic-City-Forum Berlin Adlershof CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 08.10.2015 KW - Troubleshooting Samples Analytics KW - TSA KW - Sonderprobenanalytik KW - Salsa KW - Applikationslabor PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-36139 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Drescher, Daniela A1 - Büchner, T. A1 - Zeise, Ingrid A1 - Kneipp, Janina A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - Studying cellular uptake and processing of nanoparticles by LA-ICP-MS N2 - In recent years, elemental imaging of biological samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is gaining in importance. Latest improvements regarding spatial resolution (down to 1 µm) and washout time make LA-ICP-MS particularly interesting for single cell analysis. Many current nanomaterials can serve as contrast agents in cellular or tissue imaging, drug delivery vehicles or therapeutics, whereas others can cause toxic effects. In order to evaluate nano-bio interactions, the number of nanoparticles (NPs) inside cells as well as their localisation within cellular substructures is of particular interest. LA-ICP-MS was used to study the NP pathway from uptake, via intracellular processing up to cell division. Fibroblast cells were incubated with different metallic NPs under varying experimental conditions. For LA analysis the cells were fixed with formaldehyde and dried. Our results show that LA-ICP-MS is able to localise NP aggregates within cellular substructures. The NPs accumulate in the perinuclear region in the course of intracellular processing, e.g. multivesicular fusion and endosomal maturation, but do not enter the nucleus [1, 2]. A strong dependence of NP uptake on concentration and incubation time was found. Additionally, the number of NPs internalized by individual cells was determined and variations within the cell population became visible. A new laser ablation system providing a short washout time (50 ms) together with small spot sizes (< 4 µm) and high repetition rates allows high spatial resolution applications. First results of cell imaging will be shown. The findings demonstrate the potential of LA-ICP-MS enabling insight into NP uptake and intracellular distribution dependent on experimental parameters. T2 - 8th Nordic Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Loen, Norway DA - 05.06.2016 KW - Imaging KW - LA-ICP-MS KW - Cell KW - Nanoparticles PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36500 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard T1 - Coping with the EU Nano-definition: abilities and limitations of particle sizing with SAXS N2 - Excelling in brevity but lacking in applicability, the 2011 EU nanomaterial definition has become a source of anguish for scientists and industry alike. Repeated pleas and discussions with our own envoy have demonstrated the strength of their resolve: this definition is unlikely to change. Manufacturers of many materials (cosmetics, pigments, foodstuffs, etc.) will have to characterise and label all their products accordingly, a task still impossible for lack of a clear metrological approach towards this goal. Therefore, the onus has fallen on the scientists to come up with a practicable measurement technique allowing inexpensive classification covering large swathes of the material landscape. Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) probes the size range in question, and can - with due care - deliver a bulk-averaged volume-weighted size distribution. Like any other real-world measurement method, however, it is not (and can never be) a universal solution. This presentation will clarify the SAXS technique, provide several application examples for nanomaterial characterisation, and will detail the limitations and pitfalls that accompany its abilities. At the end of this presentation, you will have the information to judge whether the technique is amenable to your materials or not. T2 - 2016 TechConnect World Innovation Conference CY - National Harbor, MD, USA DA - 23.05.2016 KW - SAXS KW - presentation KW - EU KW - Nanomaterial PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Asadujjaman, Asad A1 - Bertin, Annabelle T1 - Aggregation behavior of UCST-Type Poly(Acrylamide-co-Acrylonitrile) copolymer N2 - Thermoresponsive polymers have shown great potential in applications such as bioseparation, drug delivery and diagnostic. Only few thermoresponsive polymers that present an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in a relevant temperature range, i.e. phase separate from solution upon cooling, have been reported so far. Moreover, the most studied UCST type polymers namely polybetaines are difficult to use under physiological conditions, which significantly restricts their potential applications. Therefore, UCST polymers with sharp and robust phase transition in physiological conditions (in the presence of salts, ions etc.) are highly needed in order to extend the range of applications of this class of polymers. Herein, a robust UCST-type copolymer of acrylamide (AAm) and acrylonitrile (AN) (poly(AAm-co-AN)) was prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and its thermo-induced aggregation behavior in aqueous media was studied. At temperature below the UCST, the copolymer chains were aggregated together. The aggregate size was found to be larger with increasing AN contents and became smaller upon dilution of the copolymer solutions. While above the UCST, the copolymer chains were expanded and weekly associated in solution. The association between the copolymer chains formed smaller aggregates with increasing the AN contents or the dilution of the solutions. A model is proposed to explain such aggregation-association behavior of the Fig. 1. Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the proposed thermos-induced aggregation behavior of the poly(AAm-co-AN) in aqueous solution. T2 - World Congress on Living Polymerizations and Polymers 2016 CY - Budapest, Hungry DA - 29.05.2016 - 03.06.2016 KW - Polymer KW - UCST PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36491 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - ICP-MS with Sector Field Devices N2 - This lecture is an introduction to ICP-MS with a double focusing magnetic sector mass analyzer. It offers fundamental background, a thorough discussion of analytical features, and state of the art information on applications. Different types of double focusing instruments also are considered. Specific topics include fundamental aspects of ICP-MS (physical properties of a double focusing instrument, operational characteristics in comparison with quadrupole instruments); analytical characteristics (spectral and non-spectral interferences, figures of merit in low and high resolution modes, blanks and memory effects, HPLC and GC interfaces), and applications (industrial including ultra-pure reagents and alloys, environmental, geological, and biomedical materials). T2 - Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Tucson, Arizona, USA DA - 10.01.2016 KW - High-resolution ICP-MS KW - Figures of merit KW - Interfaces KW - Applications KW - Ultra-trace analysis PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37148 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grauel, Bettina T1 - Nd-sensitized tri-doped UCNP systems N2 - This presentation gives a short overview of the PhD student's research topics and interests, within the scope of the 2016 UPCON Spring School. T2 - UPCON 2016 Spring School CY - Breslau, Poland DA - 25.05.2016 KW - UCNP KW - Nd-sensitizer PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37223 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Frenzel, Florian T1 - Spectroscopic study of plasmon enhanced upconversion nanoparticles N2 - The presentation gave an overview of the topic, the aims and the task allocation of the M-ERA.NET founded project named “Nanohype”. In this project four research teams working hand in hand on computational modeling, synthesis and experimental validation to design novel metal-shelled Upconversion-NP combining plasmonic interactions. As Ph.D. student at the BAM I am responsible for the optical characterization (measurements of lifetimes, Quantum Yields and PL emissions ) of these promising novel systems. T2 - SpringSchool, UpCon2016 CY - Wrocław (Breslau), Polen DA - 25.05.2016 KW - Field Enhancement KW - Upconversion KW - Core-Shell KW - FRET KW - Plasmonic PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37225 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kage, Daniel A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Göhde, W. A1 - Thiele, T. A1 - Schedler, U. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Lifetime-encoded microparticles - application to flow cytometry N2 - Analytical methods require efficient and versatile strategies to measure an increasing number of analytes that can be used in conjunction with established platforms like flow cytometry. Spectral multiplexing suffers from problems such as spectral crosstalk and often requires different excitation light sources increasing instrumentation costs. Thus, the number of distinguishable reporters with intensity-based barcodes is limited. An alternative can be lifetime encoding for discrimination of fluorophores based on their fluorescence decay kinetics. We report on the suitability of µm-sized polymer particles stained with organic dyes for lifetime encoding. These dyes are excitable at a standard laser diode wavelength and detectable within a single spectral window. For lifetime-based discrimination, these dyes display sufficiently different luminescence decay kinetics. We present the spectroscopic properties of these beads and address challenges like the limited number of detectable photons in a flow for the reliable discrimination. These studies are expected to pave the road to new applications of fluorescence lifetime multiplexing for time-domain flow cytometry. T2 - DPG Spring Meeting 2016 CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 06.03.2016 KW - flow cytometry KW - lifetime encoding KW - life sciences KW - fluorescence KW - polymer particles PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37153 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stockmann, Jörg M. A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Visualization of low-contrast surface modifications: thin films, printed pattern, laser-induced changes, imperfections, impurities, and degradation N2 - Industrial quality control (QC) nowadays requires the visualization of surface modifications from the macro-scopic to the microscopic or even nanoscopic scale. This is a prerequisite to the evaluation of functionality and reliability, the detection of defects and their separation of artefacts. The diversity of applications ranges from low-E glazings and solar panels, micro- and optoelectronics, micro- and smart devices to sensor-on-chip and lab-on-chip systems [1]. Optical microcopy (light, confocal laser scanning, white light interference) as established QC-tool is operated at normal incidence, i.e. p- and s-polarization are undistinguishable. Either light-intensity in terms of grey scale and colour or intensity-correlated effects of phase shifts are used. In case of ellipsometry, operated at oblique incidence, p- and s-polarization matter, and amplitude ratios and phase shifts upon reflection are measured. Hence, information content must be much higher. The visualization of surface modifications may be very challenging for coating/substrate systems of either al-most identical optical constants, e.g. transparent films on substrates of the same material, or minor film thick-ness, substance quantity and affected area, e.g. ultra-thin or island films. Ellipsometry gives access to the con-trast of intensity (I), amplitude ratio (Ψ), and phase shift (Δ) with nanometer-scaled vertical and micrometer-scaled lateral sensitivity, one is able to identify tiny changes within an unmodified surface. As both mapping ellipsometry (ME) and imaging ellipsometry (IE) are operated in the optical far-field, surface inspection is also possible on the macroscopic scale. Near the Brewster-angle of the bare, undamaged, clean, and fresh substrate, the contrast to add-on and sub-off features is superior. Fig. 1 shows three examples of ellipsometric imaging, i.e. a thin SnO:Ni film on SiO2/Si (Fig. 1a), a dried stain of an anti-body solution on cyclo-olefin-polymer (COP) shown in Fig. 1b, and a polyimide film residue on SiO2/Si (Fig. 1c). For all of these examples, ellipsometry provides much better contrast between substrate and surface modification than optical microscopy, sometimes primarily caused by the oblique incidence (Figs. 1a and 1c), in other cases related to the phase sensitivity of ellipsometry (Fig. 1b). Other examples are laser surface modifications and the corrosion of glass. In these cases, optical microscopy and IE yield to similar results, how-ever only ellipsometry gives access to modelling. Further investigated coating/substrate systems are 100Cr6 steel, native oxide on silicon, borosilicate glass, and the polymer polycarbonate with deposited films of graphene and ta-C:H, printed and dried pattern of liquids such as water, cleaning agents, and dissolved silicone. Besides imaging ellipsometry, referenced spectral ellipsometry (RSE) has been applied, combining the advantages of both optical microscopy (fast measurement) and ellipsometry (high sensitivity to tiny modifications). T2 - International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (ICSE-7) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.06.2016 KW - Ellipsometry KW - Thin films KW - Impurities KW - Degradation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37068 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Standardization of fluorescence measurements: Design, development, validation, and fabrication of format-adaptable fluorescence standards for intensity, spectral, and temporal quantities N2 - Photoluminescence techniques are amongst the most widely used tools in the material and life sciences, with new and exciting applications continuously emerging, due to their many advantages like comparative ease of use, unique sensitivity, non-invasive character, and potential for multiplexing, remote sensing, and miniaturization. Drawbacks are , however, signals, that contain unwanted wavelength- and polarization contributions from instrument-dependent effects, which are time-dependent due to the aging of instrument components, and difficulties to measure absolute fluorescence intensities. Thus, there is a considerable need for standards for intensity, spectral, and temporal fluorescence quantities to meet the increasing need for instrument performance validation and global trends to harmonize physicochemical measurements. In this respect, instrument calibration strategies together with different types of fluorescence standards are presented as well as design concepts for robust, easy-to-use, and format-adaptable fluorescence standards useable for the determination of different fluorescence parameters and a broad variety of fluorescence techniques. T2 - SALSA-Kolloquien CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.06.2016 KW - Fluorescence KW - Standard KW - Quality assurance KW - Spectral correction KW - Quantum yield PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37070 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Kormunda, M. A1 - Esser, N. T1 - Ellipsometric characterization of metal doped SnOx thin films for SPREE-based gas sensors N2 - Gas sensors are an important tool in various areas for example in industrial process control as well as Gas sensors are an important tool in various areas for example in industrial process control as well as safety applications or in research. A useful gas detector should be selective, precise, stable and cost-effective. In the present research a surface based gas detection technique is investigated using the SPR effect with ellipsometric readout. This technique is called surface plasmon resonance enhanced ellipsometry (SPREE). The sensor consists of a gold layer (40 nm) top-coated with a doped metal-oxide (M:SnOₓ, 5 nm). The coating is added by magnetron sputtering with doped targets with different doping concentrations. It could be shown that, without the top-coating, these type of sensors can detect various gases, e.g. CO, H2, O2, O3, He, N2, with sensitivities down to the ppm range (in air). The goal of the present study is to characterize the additional coating materials in dependence of the coating conditions. With the help of the doped-metal oxide, the sensitivity increases dramatically by a factor of 100. Additionally, a selectivity for specific gases is observed which depends on the doping conditions of the coating. Changing the properties of the plasma coating process and the doping metal gives access to a variety of different layers and enables us to find the best conditions. T2 - Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V. - Kolloqium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.05.2016 KW - Ellipsometry KW - SPR effect KW - SnOx KW - Gas sensors PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37034 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weller, Andreas A1 - Zhang, Zeyu A1 - Slater, L. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Halisch, M. T1 - Induced polarization and pore radius - a discussion N2 - Permeability estimation from spectral induced polarization (SIP) measurements is based on a fundamental premise that the characteristic relaxation time (t) is related to the effective hydraulic radius (reff) controlling fluid flow. The approach requires a reliable estimate of the diffusion coefficient of the ions in the electrical double layer. Others have assumed a value for the diffusion coefficient, or postulated different values for clay versus clay-free rocks. We examine the link between t and reff for an extensive database of sandstone sampleswhere mercury porosimetry data confirm that reff is reliably determined from a modification of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation assuming that the electrical tortuosity is equal to the hydraulic tortuosity. Our database does not support the existence of 1 or 2 distinct representative diffusion coefficients but instead demonstrates strong evidence for 6 orders of magnitude of variation in an apparent diffusion coefficient that is well correlated with both reff and the specific surface area per unit pore volume (Spor). Two scenarios can explain our findings: (1) the length-scale defined by t is not equal to reff and is likely much longer due to the control of pore surface roughness; (2) the range of diffusion coefficients is large and likely determined by the relative proportions of the different minerals (e.g. silica, clays) making up the rock. In either case, the estimation of reff (and hence permeability) is inherently uncertain from SIP relaxation time. T2 - IP Workshop 2016 CY - Aarhus, Denmark DA - 06.06.2016 KW - pore radius KW - mercury intrusion capillary pressure KW - spectral induced polarization KW - relaxation time PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37116 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Wöstmann, Jens A1 - Munsch, Sarah Mandy A1 - Hase, Felix T1 - Estrichfeuchteuntersuchungen mit geophysikalischen Methoden - ein Laborversuch N2 - Zur Bestimmung des Feuchtezustands und insbesondere der Belegereife von Estrichfußböden kommen in Deutschland zerstörende Prüfverfahren zum Einsatz, die eine punktuelle Probenahme erfordern. Hierbei ergeben sich immer wieder Fehlinterpretationen, da zum einen die Probenahme selbst zu einer Veränderung des Feuchtezustands führt und zum anderen, weil die Verfahren an sich mitunter ungenau sind (z.B. abhängig von der Estrichzusammensetzung). Zusammen mit vier Forschungsinstituten und dem Industriepartner Bosch wurden an der BAM zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren auf deren Tauglichkeit zur Estrichfeuchtemessung untersucht und mit den herkömmlichen zerstörenden Verfahren verglichen. Für diesen Versuch kamen verschiedene geophysikalische Verfahren zum Einsatz, darunter Nuklear Magnetische Resonanz (NMR), elektrische Widerstandsmessungen und Impulsradar (GPR). Es wurden neun verschiedene Estrichsorten hergestellt und während der Trocknungsphase bei Konstant-Normklima gelagert. Diese wurden sowohl zerstörend als auch zerstörungsfrei mit den o. g. Verfahren untersucht. Gleichzeitig wurden die Masseänderungen der Proben zur Bestimmung des integralen Feuchtehalts aufgezeichnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zum einen, dass das Abtrocknungsverhalten von zementgebundenen Estrichen grundsätzlich unterschiedlich von dem anhydritgebundener Estriche ist. Während sich bei ersteren zügig ein deutlicher Feuchtegradient über die Höhe der Proben einstellt, verläuft dieser bei der zweiten Probengruppe sehr flach. Dies lässt sich vor allem in den NMR Daten räumlich hochaufgelöst nachvollziehen - die Datenakquise erfolgte mit einer NMR MOUSE PM 25. Ein ähnliches Bild ergibt sich auch aus den elektrischen Widerstandsmessungen, die mittels sog. Multi-Ring-Elektroden (MRE) durchgeführt wurden. MRE bezeichnen als Vertikalprofil angeordnete Ringelektroden mit einem Abstand von ca. 1-2 mm, zwischen denen jeweils Zwei-Punkt Widerstandsmessungen durchgeführt werden. Bei sehr geringen Feuchtegehalten (z.T. auch um die Belegereife) waren mit dieser Methode jedoch wegen der zu hohen Übergangswiderstände nur bedingt Messungen möglich. Im Gegensatz zu NMR und MRE sind mit dem Radarverfahren (2 GHz Antenne) keine tiefenbezogenen Aussagen möglich. Jedoch lässt sich über eine Amplitudenauswertung von direkter und an der Rückwand reflektierter Welle teilweise eine Aussage über Restfeuchtigkeit im Volumen treffen. Ebenso zeigt die Laufzeitdifferenz der beiden Wellen eine starke Abhängigkeit vom Feuchtegehalt. T2 - DGG 2016 CY - Münster, Germany DA - 14.03.2016 KW - Nuklear magnetische Resonanz KW - Zerstörungsfreie Methoden KW - Estrichfeuchtemessung PY - 2016 N1 - Geburtsname von Munsch, Sarah Mandy: Nagel, S. M. - Birth name of Munsch, Sarah Mandy: Nagel, S. M. AN - OPUS4-37117 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Measuring moisture in building material - an overview N2 - In Germany there is an existing built infrastructure worth about 50 trillion Euros. The expected lifetimes of individual structures are up to 100 years. Considerable costs (annually about 35 billion Euros, the trend continues upwards) are involved in order to maintain and rehabilitate both residential as well as transportation infrastructure buildings. Most damages we observe on our built infrastructure are moisture-induced processes. Consequently reliable moisture measurement tools a highly needed for meaningful building diagnosis investigations. The optimal moisture measuring technique would be non-destructive, fast, repeatable, reliable, independent of steel in the vicinity, the surface condition or possible salt loads of the material under test. Since this is unfortunately not the case for any non-destructive method, it is often very difficult to decide for users which method to use for the particular testing problem. The only standardized methods in Germany are the “direct” and destructive Darr- and the CM tests. Although they can be highly accurate (when handled with care during the sampling), they deliver only punctual information and cannot be used for monitoring. The other, non-destructive methods are based on the change in humidity-dependent physical material properties. The underlying physics, their particular advantages and disadvantages are discussed in this paper. T2 - Building Safety Symposium CY - Hong Kong, China DA - 22.04.2016 KW - Non-destructive methods KW - Moisture measuring KW - Electrical methods KW - Microwave PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37118 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Behnke, Thomas A1 - Moser, Marko A1 - Quevedo, Pablo A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya A1 - Weigert, Florian A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Ermilov, Eugeny A1 - Pauli, Jutta T1 - Simple methods, validation concepts, and reference materials for the characterization of functional nanomaterials and microparticles N2 - The surface chemistry / functionalization of nanomaterials and microparticles largely controls the stability of these materials as well as their solubility and subsequent biofunctionalization and their interactions with biological systems. Moreover, in the case of some nanomaterials like semiconductor quantum dots or lanthanide-based upconversion nanocrystals, the ligand shell strongly affects their optical properties, e.g., via passivation of surface states and traps that favor luminescence quenching or the protection of surface atoms from quenching water molecules. This renders analytical methods for the quantification of surface groups like functionalities very important. Targets of broad interest are here amino, carboxyl, alkine and maleimide groups used for common bioconjugation reactions and typical ligands like thiols and polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules of varying length, used for the tuning of material hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, minimization of unspecific interactions, prevention of biofouling, and enhancement of blood circulation times as well as surface-bound biomolecules like streptavidin or other biomolecules relevant e.g., for diagnostic assays. Here, we focus on simple optical methods relying on standard laboratory instrumentation, validated by method comparison and/or mass balances and present examples for their use for the characterization of different types of nanomaterials and microparticles. T2 - Innovationsforum Senftenberg CY - Senftenberg, Germany DA - 01.06.2016 KW - Surface chemistry KW - Functional group analysis KW - Thiol assay KW - Fluorescence KW - Nanomaterial KW - Nanoparticle KW - PEG KW - Ligand KW - Semiconductor quantum dot KW - Quantum yield KW - Quantification KW - Method validation KW - Integrating sphere spectroscopy KW - Fluorescence standard PY - 2016 N1 - Geburtsname von Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya: Nirmalananthan, N. - Birth name of Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya: Nirmalananthan, N. AN - OPUS4-37111 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Applications and challenges of luminescence-based detection methods in the life and material sciences N2 - Luminescence-based detection methods, ranging from fluorescence spectroscopy for photophysical and mechanistic studies over sensing applications, chromatographic separation techniques and the microarray technology with fluorescence detection to fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, single molecule spectroscopy, and molecular imaging to integrating sphere spectroscopy, are among the most widely used methods in the life and material sciences. This is due to e.g., their unique sensitivity enabling the detection of single molecules, potential for multiplexing, ease of combination with spatial resolution, and suitability for remote sensing. Many of these advantages are closely linked to the choice of suitable molecular and nanoscale fluorescent reporters, typically required for signal generation. This includes organic dyes without and with sensor function, fluorophore-encoded polymeric and silica nanoparticles as well as nanocrystalline systems like semiconductor quantum dots and upconversion phosphors, emitting in the visible (vis), near-infrared (NIR), and IR (infrared). Current challenges present the environment sensitivity of most fluorophores, rendering fluorescence spectra, measured intensities/fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence decay kinetics matrix-dependent, and instrument-specific distortions of measured fluorescence signals that need to be considered for quantification and comparability of data, particularly fluorescence spectra. Here, current applications of luminescence-based methods and different types of reporters will be presented. In this context, suitable spectroscopic tools for the characteri-zation of the optical properties of fluorescent reporters and fluorophore-encoded microparticles, analytical tools for the determination of the surface chemistry of different types of particles, and different multiplexing strategies will be discussed. T2 - 9th Meeting of Engineering of Functional Interfaces CY - Wildau,Germany DA - 03.07.2016 KW - Fluorescence KW - Multiplexing KW - Lifetime KW - Nanomaterial KW - Nanoparticle KW - PEG KW - Ligand KW - Semiconductor quantum dot KW - Quantum yield KW - Quantification KW - Upconversion nanoparticle KW - Integrating sphere spectroscopy KW - NIR KW - IR KW - Fluorescence standard KW - Calibration PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37112 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Pavlovich, Mato A1 - Bartsch, Ludwig A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Holstein, R. T1 - Simulation and experimental results of manual UT-testing of hollow wheel set axles during the education of operators N2 - The reliability of wheel set axle testing is of high importance because small discontinuities caused during manufacturing or rock fall impacts during operation might cause growing cracks during the operation load cycles. While most of the axles are tested by automated UT-systems today, the basic education of railway NDT operators is still manual testing providing the basic understanding and skills for the operators. In Germany it is a common rule that NDT operators in the railway branch need to refresh their knowledge and skills every five years including a refresh examination. The testing results from these exercises and from a parallel round robin test have been sampled at the DGZfP Railway Education Centre in Wittenberge for a period of about 5 years. The results of the operators written in test record sheets were compared with the “true” test crack or notch position in the axles used for examination. In this way the testing results could be categorized into “hits” and “misses” and the “hits” were further evaluated due to correct position and adequate amplitude height. Considering some thousand indications documented by the operators during the refresh examination and comparing transition bow, shaft and seat it was a highlight to see that the operators reach their best detection rate in the transition bow of the wheel axle set while this is often the most difficult part concerning the UT-echoes. Fortunately this is due to their raised awareness in the transition bow region because this is the most dangerous region with respect to fracture mechanics. For two selected axles the experimental set up of 45° and 70° inward and outward UT-testing were also simulated showing clearly the difficulties of the UT-echoes detection of some specific test defects. T2 - XXII Saint-Petersburg Conference on Ultrasonic Testing of Metals and Advanced Materials (UTM 2016) CY - St. Petersburg, Russia DA - 24.05.2016 KW - Ultrasound KW - Manual testing KW - NDT reliability KW - Fault tree analysis KW - Education of NDT personnel PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37013 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Boehm, Rainer A1 - Brackrock, Daniel A1 - Montag, Hans-Joachim A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - What is the benefit of the total focussing method and full matrix capture for ultrasonic imaging using the phased array technique N2 - In the last two decades automated ultrasonic inspection devices took over a lot of applications that prior have been carried out using manual inspection with the evaluation of A-scans only. In parallel phased array systems have been developed and brought to the market which offer detailed and fast control over the sound field. When applying automated inspection phased array systems for UT measurements imaging of the recorded data in combination with the probe positioning data is used for the evaluation of inspections. B-Scan, C-Scan and S-Scan images are typically used with this setup. For more sophisticated applications with linear arrays echo tomography and syntethic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) are well known methods and often applied for high resolution image reconstruction. Since channel count of phased array systems is constantly rising, matrix arrays with up to 256 elements entered the market. Signal processing in the matrix domain became 3D. Since some years the Total Focusing Method (TFM) is an additional imaging tool for these type of application. It is based on the Full Matrix Capture (FMC) using the elements of phased array probes as separate transmitters and receivers. In this contribution we discuss the common ground of SAFT and TFM as well as the differences between these imaging tools. The combined use of automated inspection, matrix arrays and signal processing for high resolution measurements is a challenging task where a very long parameter list has to be taken into account. Under which conditions which elements of the full matrix should be taken for the reconstruction for best results? Based on examples taken from measured and simulated echo signals it will be shown how image resolution can be optimized in dependence of different parameters like the distance between transmitters and receivers and their directivity patterns, the depth of echo source and the specimen geometry. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Ultrasonic testing KW - Ultrasonic imaging KW - Phased array KW - Total focussing method KW - Full matrix capture PY - 2016 UR - https://www.wcndt2016.com/programme AN - OPUS4-37051 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Götschel, S. A1 - Weiser, M. A1 - Höhne, Christian A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Mitzscherling, Steffen A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Ray tracing boudary value problems: simulation and SAFT reconstruction for ultrasonic testing N2 - The application of advanced imaging techniques for the ultrasonic inspection of inhomogeneous anisotropic materials like austenitic and dissimilar welds requires information about acoustic wave propagation through the material, in particular travel times between two points in the material. Forward ray tracing is a popular approach to determine traveling paths and arrival times but is ill suited for inverse problems since a large number of rays have to be computed in order to arrive at prescribed end points. In this contribution we discuss boundary value problems for acoustic rays, where the ray path between two given points is determined by solving the eikonal equation. The implementation of such a two point boundary value ray tracer for sound field simulations through an austenitic weld is described and its efficiency as well as the obtained results are compared to those of a forward ray tracer. The results are validated by comparison with experimental results and commercially available UT simulation tools. As an application, we discuss an implementation of the method for SAFT (Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique) reconstruction. The ray tracer calculates the required travel time through the anisotropic columnar grain structure of the austenitic weld. There, the formulation of ray tracing as a boundary value problem allows a straightforward derivation of the ray path from a given transducer position to any pixel in the reconstruction area and reduces the computational cost considerably. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Ultrasonic testing KW - SAFT KW - Ray tracing KW - Simulation PY - 2016 UR - www.ndt.net/?id=19437 UR - https://www.wcndt2016.com/portals/wcndt/bb/Fr1H4.pdf AN - OPUS4-37052 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Halisch, M. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Schmitt, M. A1 - Weller, Andreas T1 - Quantification of rock structures with high resolution X-Ray μ-CT for laboratory SIP measurements N2 - Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) measurements are used in many different ways to characterize natural rocks and soils. Main foci of interest are the enhanced characterization of the causes of IP-effects in clastic rocks (especially sandstones), the interactions between the matrix-fluid-system and within the electrical double layers as well as the correlation with “classical” petrophysical parameters, such as specific surface area, permeability, mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) and others. Nevertheless, for all of these investigations, knowledge of the inner structure of the sample material is essential in order to create reliable and validated models as well as to interpret and to assess the data most completely. Unfortunately, many of the methods used, to get access to the inner structure of rocks are destructive (e.g. MICP, thin sectioning, etc.) and the valuable sample is lost. In addition, data is either of volume integrated nature or only available for the 2D case and the usage of sister cores does not necessarily lead to reliable results. In this paper, the authors showcase the possibilities of non-destructive and three dimensional X-ray computed tomography and of enhanced image analysis capabilities for the quantification of rock structures at the pore scale. T2 - IP Workshop 2016 CY - Aarhus, Denmark DA - 06.06.2016 KW - SIP KW - μ-CT imaging KW - Rock structure KW - Digital image analysis KW - Pore geometry KW - Grain geometry PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37000 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weller, Andreas A1 - Zhang, Zeyu A1 - Slater, L. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Halisch, M. T1 - Induced polarization and pore radius – a discussion N2 - Permeability estimation from spectral induced polarization (SIP) measurements is based on a fundamental premise that the characteristic relaxation time (t) is related to the effective hydraulic radius (reff) controlling fluid flow. The approach requires a reliable estimate of the diffusion coefficient of the ions in the electrical double layer. Others have assumed a value for the diffusion coefficient, or postulated different values for clay versus clay-free rocks. We examine the link between t and reff for an extensive database of sandstone samples where mercury porosimetry data confirm that reff is reliably determined from a modification of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation assuming that the electrical tortuosity is equal to the hydraulic tortuosity. Our database does not support the existence of 1 or 2 distinct representative diffusion coefficients but instead demonstrates strong evidence for 6 orders of magnitude of variation in an apparent diffusion coefficient that is well correlated with both reff and the specific surface area per unit pore volume (Spor). Two scenarios can explain our findings: (1) the length-scale defined by t is not equal to reff and is likely much longer due to the control of pore surface roughness; (2) the range of diffusion coefficients is large and likely determined by the relative proportions of the different minerals (e.g. silica, clays) making up the rock. In either case, the estimation of reff (and hence permeability) is inherently uncertain from SIP relaxation time. T2 - IP Workshop 2016 CY - Aarhus, Denmark DA - 06.06.2016 KW - Pore radius KW - Mercury intrusion capillary pressure KW - Spectral induced polarization KW - Relaxation time PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37003 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Moisture measurement methods N2 - Moisture can cause imperfect sealings, faulty roof constructions, cracks and other kind of damages. For measuring the moisture in construction materials like concrete and screed, there are destructive(direct) and non-destructive(indirect) methods, that can be used. This presentation gives an overview and a comparison of these methods. T2 - Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation in Civil Engineering and Surveying - Advanced Training 2016 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.07.2016 KW - Moisture KW - Non-destructive testing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37005 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Boehm, Rainer T1 - Neue Konzepte für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung und die Zustandsüberwachung von Eisenbahnradsätzen mit Ultraschall N2 - Die regelmäßige Überprüfung von Eisenbahnradsatzwellen auf betriebsbedingte Schädigungen ist ein fester Bestandteil des Instandhaltungskonzeptes von Eisenbahnfahrzeugen. Insbesondere bei hohen Achslasten und hohen Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten ist eine detaillierte regelmäßige Prüfung notwendig. In den letzten Jahren wurden für diese Prüfaufgabe mechanisierte Ultraschallprüfsysteme entwickelt, erfolgreich eingeführt und etabliert. Für eine Weiterentwicklung dieser Technologie stehen die Themen Erhöhung der Auflösung, Reduzierung von Oberflächen- und Störeinflüssen, Verkürzung von Prüfzeiten, Verbesserung der POD, Verlängerung von Inspektionsintervallen, Vereinfachung der Auswertung und die Möglichkeit der Durchführung von Analyseprüfungen im Vordergrund. Es werden Ansätze und neue Konzepte zur Lösung dieser Herausforderungen vorgestellt. T2 - 9. Fachtagung Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung im Eisenbahnwesen CY - Wittenberge, Germany DA - 15.03.2016 KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Eisenbahn KW - Radsatzwelle KW - Ultraschall KW - POD PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37006 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Boehm, Rainer A1 - Spruch, W. A1 - Jacob, S. T1 - Increasing the sensitivity of ultrasonic phased array wheel set axle inspection by using signal processing N2 - Der einwandfreie Zustand der Radsätze von Schienenfahrzeugen ist von größter Bedeutung für den sicheren Betrieb. Die Radsatzwellen werden durch eine große Zahl von Lastwechseln individuell unterschiedlich beansprucht. Dabei spielen viele Einflüsse wie äußere statische und dynamische Lasten, innere Lasten aufgrund von Unwuchten und inneren Spannungen und Umweltbedingungen entscheidende Rollen. Eine regelmäßige Prüfung ist daher obligatorisch. BTD entwickelt im Rahmen eines MNPQ-Projektes in Kooperation mit der BAM eine Phased Array Technik zur automatisierten Prüfung von Radsatzwellen im eingebauten Zustand. Die schwierigen Ankoppelbedingungen aufgrund der begrenzten Zugänglichkeit, der komplexen Geometrie sowie Farbschichten und Schmutz auf der Radsatzwelle stellen hierbei große Herausforderungen dar. Zu deren Bewältigung werden neben optimierten Prüfköpfen, einer in die Wasservorlaufstrecke integrierten akustischen Linse und einer speziellen Ankoppeltechnik auch Signalverarbeitungsalgorithmen eingesetzt. Die Darstellung der Signalverarbeitung ist der Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrages. Mit Hilfe von Messdatensätzen präparierter Testwellen werden verschiedene Algorithmen erprobt und hinsichtlich der Stabilität, dem Verhalten bezüglich der Ankoppelschwankungen und veränderter Wellengeometrien und der Fähigkeit zur automatischen Unterscheidung von Fehler- und Formanzeigen bewertet. Letztlich wird die beste Lösung im entwickelten Prüfsystem eingesetzt. T2 - 19th WCNDT - World Conference on Non Destructive Testing CY - München, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Ultrasound KW - Phased array KW - Wheelset KW - Railway KW - Signal processing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37008 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Advanced surface chemical analysis of plasma modified polymers and plasma-polymers N2 - A comprehensive characterization of plasma modified polymer surfaces or plasma-polymerized thin films needs access to parameters as - concentration of saturated/unsaturated carbon species (e.g. aromaticity) or other double bonds as C=N or C=O, - branching, and - losses of crystallinty or other degrees of structural order. Furthermore the complex ageing phenomena of plasma modified polymers/plasma-polymers and the measurement of an in-depth distribution of chemical species are challenges for the analyst. The talk will display selected examples where such challenges have been met by using advanced methods of surface chemical analyses as Photoelectron Spectroscopy with variable excitation energy (“SyncXPS”), X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (NEXAFS) at C, N and O K-edges and Time-of-Flight Secondary Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) combined with Principal Component analysis (PCA). T2 - IAP workshop – IAP 2016 "Organic surface modifications by plasmas and plasma-polymers" CY - Nancy, France DA - 08.06.2016 KW - XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - SIMS KW - Plasmapolymer PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36725 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Paul, Andrea T1 - Anwendung chemometrischer Methoden in der Prozessanalysentechnik N2 - Der Einsatz moderner Prozessanalysentechnik führt zu einer Datenflut, deren Verarbeitung und Nutzung häufig nicht ohne den Einsatz von Chemometrie zu realisieren ist. Dafür stehen zahlreiche multivariate Verfahren, wie z.B. Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA) und Regressionsanalyse (PLSR) für die Klassifizierung und für die quantitative Analyse zur Verfügung. Darüber hinaus können in Spezialfällen, insbesondere in der Spektroskopie, Methoden des „Indirect Hard Modeling“ eingesetzt werden. Anhand einer Industrie-relevanten Reaktion, der Hydroformylierungsreaktion zur Bildung langkettiger Aldehyde aus der Reaktion von Alkenen und Synthesegas, die sowohl im Labormaßstab als auch in einer Miniplant in Kooperation mit der TU Berlin untersucht wurde, werden Kalibrationsstrategien (Design of Experiment, DoE) und Auswertungsansätze mittels PLSR prozessbegleitender Raman Spektren dargelegt. Auf Grundlage des chemometrischen Ansatzes ist eine on-line Überwachung der Reaktion hinsichtlich der Hauptreaktanden, 1-Dodecene und 1-Tridecanal, möglich. Weiterhin konnte mittels Raman Spektroskopie die Bildung eines unerwünschten Nebenprodukts nachgewiesen werden. T2 - Automatisierungsforum Westküste CY - Heide, Germany DA - 09.02.2016 KW - Online KW - PLS KW - DoE KW - Hydroformylierung PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36760 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Rothbart, Nick A1 - Hohlstein, F. A1 - Koch, J. A1 - Kryukov, I. A1 - Mahler, G. A1 - Stotter, B. A1 - Walle, G. A1 - Oswald-Tranta, B. A1 - Sengebusch, M. A1 - Goldammer, M. T1 - A round robin test on flash thermography N2 - A round robin test on flash thermography was organized within the scope of a standardization research project. This test gives information on reliability, comparability and efficiency of different testing situations. Data recorded on metal and CFRP test specimens with flat bottom holes (FBH) were analysed by evaluating the detectability and by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the defect signatures as a function of defect parameters. For the investigation of the influence of material properties on the spatial resolution as well as on penetration depth, test specimens made of steel and copper with crossed notches and a notch ramp were constructed and investigated. Here, the minimum resolvable notch distance and the maximum detectable depth of the ramp were analysed. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-destructive Testing (WCNDT) CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Active thermography KW - Flash excitation KW - Round robin test KW - Standardisation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36684 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Daschewski, Maxim A1 - Bartusch, Jürgen A1 - Schadow, Florian A1 - Dohse, Elmar A1 - Kreutzbruck, Marc A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Novel air-coupled ultrasonic transducer combining the thermoacoustic with the piezoelectric effect N2 - In recent years, there has been an increasing industrial demand for one-sided inspection of various structures by means of air-coupled ultrasonic technique. Lightweight structures based on carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers may have very complex shapes, making air-coupled transmission difficult or even impossible. The inspection of concrete structures is another example where one-sided inspection is required. To address these challenges a new type of transducer for air-coupled pulse-echo inspection was developed, which unites two principles: thermoacoustic emission and piezoelectric reception. The thermoacoustic emitter is a titanium electrode with a thickness of several tens of nanometer. This electrode was deposited onto charged cellular polypropylene, which serves as a piezoelectric receiver. The thermoacoustic transmission is based on a transformation of the thermal energy of an electrically heated electrode into the acoustic energy of an ultrasonic wave. Thermoacoustic emitters provide resonance-free behaviour and thus extremely broadband pulses. Charged cellular polypropylene is piezoelectric due to the polarization of its cells and it is well matched to air, with a Young modulus in the order of magnitude of MPa. In this contribution we present some pulse-echo measurements with the first prototypes of the combined thermoacoustic-piezoelectric transducer. T2 - World Conference of Non-Destructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.6.2016 KW - Ferroelectret KW - Thermoacoustic KW - Piezoelectric KW - Ultrasonic transducer PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36716 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hübert, Thomas T1 - Gas sensors for technical safety and process control N2 - The presentation gives an overview on sensor principles and materials. Examples for sensor application in technical safety and process control were presented and the contribution of BAM in sensor testing, validation and standadization are discussed. T2 - Vortrag in der Abteilung Physik des ITS (Institute Technology Surabaya) CY - Surabaya, Indonesia DA - 29-08-2016 KW - Gas sensor KW - Safety KW - Process control PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37358 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertin, Annabelle A1 - Asadujjaman, Asad A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Endowing nanoparticles with orthogonal functionalities via core / shell / shell architecture N2 - Dual orthogonal functionality in a single material is highly desirable in many fields such as bio-imaging, sensing, coating or diagnostic and therapy. However, combining two different functionalities in a precise and controlled way is still a challenging task. Here we present how simply dual functional hybrid nanoparticles consisting of a silica core with a fluorescent and a thermoresponsive polymeric layers can be prepared. As a first step of this work, silica core particles were coated by a fluorescent layer using surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Afterwards, the fluorescent silica nanoparticles were completely enclosed in a switchable protective coating made of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). The thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) changes its properties with varying the surroundings temperature and this behavior is reversible and controllable. To the best of our knowledge these types of hybrid dual functional core-shell-shell nanoparticles have not yet been prepared, despite the prospect of many potential applications. T2 - World Congress on Living Polymerizations and Polymers - LPP16 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 29.05.2016 KW - Fluorescent and thermoresponsive nanoparticles KW - Core KW - Shell KW - Shell nanoparticles PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37367 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holzweber, M. A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Hesse, R. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Werner, W. A1 - Denecke, R. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Ionische Flüssigkeiten als Referenzmaterial in der Oberflächenanalytik N2 - Energiedispersive Röntgenspektroskopie (EDX) ist eine der meist verbreiteten Methoden zur Bestimmung der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Festkörpern und dünnen Schichten. Durch die technologische Weiterentwicklung energiedispersiver Röntgenspektrometer wurde die Leistungsfähigkeit auch im niederenergetischen Bereich unter 1 keV verbessert. Geeignete Testmaterialien zur Überprüfung der Leistungsfähigkeit im niederenergetischen Bereich in Übereinstimmung mit ISO 15632 sind kaum vorhanden und basieren hauptsächlich auf C K und F K Linien. Um gültige Resultate aus akkreditierten und zertifizierten Prüf- und Kalibrierlaboratorien in Übereinstimmung mit ISO/IEC 17025 zu gewährleisten sind regelmäßige Funktionsprüfungen der Spektrometer notwendig. In einer Machbarkeitsstudie wurde die Eignung einer bestimmten Substanz-klasse, nämlich ionische Flüssigkeiten, als Referenzmaterial zur routinemäßi-gen Überprüfung der Energieskala, der Energieauflösung und der Spektrometer Effizienz untersucht. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass mit einer einzigen Messung an einem einzigen Referenzmaterial mehrere Geräteparameter überprüft werden können. Damit ist es im niederenergetischen Bereich möglich regelmäßige Funktionsprüfungen von Spektrometern durchzuführen, aber auch die Leistungsfähigkeit verschiedener Spektrometer zu vergleichen. Beides kann sehr effizient durch einen einfachen qualitativen Vergleich mehrerer Spektren erreicht werden. Durch die Verwendung von ionischen Flüssigkeiten als Referenzmaterial, deren Stöchiometrie genau bekannt ist bzw. zertifiziert werden kann, können eventuell sogar die gängigen Modelle zur Matrixkorrektur validiert werden. Auch wäre eine Neubewertung von Fundamentalparametern (Fluoreszenzausbeute, Massenschwächungskoeffizienten usw.) von Elementen niedriger Ordnungszahl möglich. T2 - 19. Arbeitstagung Angewandte Oberflächenanalytik (AOFA) CY - Soest, Germany DA - 05.09.2016 KW - Ionische Flüssigkeiten KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Oberflächenanalytik PY - 2016 UR - http://www.awz-soest.fraunhofer.de/de/aofa2016.html AN - OPUS4-37322 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Nanoparticles and films characterization: Electron microscopy and related techniques N2 - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) represents the mostly widespread method available in analytical laboratories dedicated to the characterization of physical properties such as morphology of various solid materials from ‘micro-’ down to the nanometre scale. The use of secondary electrons excited by a sharply, nm-focussed primary electron beam enables at any modern SEM to image objects with high in-depth and lateral sensitivity, i.e. with high spatial resolution. Hence, e. g. nanoparticles (NPs) are able to be easily characterized with respect to their individual size and shape, but also to the morphology of their surface. By preparing the nano-objects on thin membranes as electron transparent samples it is possible to perform electron microscopy in the transmission mode (TEM and TSEM). The corresponding transmission (i.e. mass-thickness) contrast reveals in-depth information, but is also well suited for dimensional measurements in the 2D projection image. Both the surface sensitive mode and the transmission one are meanwhile available at any modern SEM. If an X-ray spectrometer is attached to an electron microscope, it is possible to analyse the characteristic X-rays induced by electron bombardment. Most electron microscopes have attached an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) so that EDX elemental maps can be carried out. Recent technological developments of high throughput EDS detectors and their advantages regarding high-resolution X-ray analysis down to the nm range are reviewed. High-resolution micrographs (SEM, TSEM, TEM) and corresponding X-ray elemental maps on various representative nanoparticles, but also layered samples prepared in cross-section, will be presented and discussed. The importance of selecting the best suited analysis conditions will be highlighted. Also other, often challenging, topics such as sample preparation and image data processing will be critically addressed by practical examples. Further analytical techniques able to be employed at an electron microscope, like cathodoluminescence (CL) or micro-X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) will be briefly surveyed. T2 - Nanoscience Meets Metrology - Synthesis, Characterization, Testing and Applications of Validated Nanoparticles - International Summer School CY - Turin, Italy DA - 04.09.2016 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Electron microscopy KW - High-resolution KW - Thin films KW - X-ray spectroscopy PY - 2016 UR - http://www.setnanometro.eu/events/ AN - OPUS4-37325 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bierstedt, Andreas A1 - Bräkling, S. A1 - Rieger, J. A1 - Kersten, H. A1 - Glaus, Reto A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. A1 - Riedel, Jens T1 - Development and characterization of an airborne laser-spark ion source for ambient desorption / ionization mass spectrometry N2 - A novel direct sampling ionization scheme for ambient mass spectrometry is presented. Desorption and ionization is achieved by a quasi-continuous laser induced plasma in air. Since there are no solid or liquid electrodes involved the ion source does not suffer from chemical interferences or fatigue originating from erosive burning or from electrode consumption. A laser plasma was ignited under ambient conditions in front of a modified TOF MS atmospheric pressure interface, using a high repetition rate DPSS laser operating at 532 nm and 26 kHz and an aspherical lens with a focal length of 8 mm. Emission spectroscopy (40-1100 nm) and time resolved studies on specific plasma parameters revealed insight into the physical and chemical plasma properties. Plasma ignition can be performed in rare gases and under ambient conditions. The hot plasma zone was kept at a certain distance from the sample region. Thus, effective collisional cooling seemed to prevent thermal fragmentation. Every single spark generates a shockwave, providing new reactive species, which expands concentrically from the hot region. Under ambient conditions primary charge carriers (ions and electrons) as well as VUV radiation initialize reaction cascades equivalent to other ambient ionization methods, such as DART or DBD. Mass spectra of polar/nonpolar hydrocarbons, sugars, pharmaceuticals and natural biomolecules in food were observed. Comprehensive emission spectroscopic measurements and time resolved electron current studies revealed insight into some plasma properties, such as the emitted high energetic radiation and the time evolution of the expanding plume. T2 - International Mass Spectrometry Conference 2016 CY - Toronto, ON, Canada DA - 20.08.2016 KW - laser-spark KW - laser-induced plasma KW - ambient mass spectrometry KW - emission spectroscopy PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37281 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schäferling, Michael A1 - Deguchi, T. A1 - Christ, S. A1 - Peltomaa, R. A1 - Prabhakar, N. A1 - Rosenholm, J. A1 - Arppe, Riika A1 - Soukka, T. A1 - Näreoja, T. T1 - Nanoprobes for sensing and imaging of intracellular pH based on polyethyleneimide-coated photon upconversion nanoparticles conjugated to a pH sensitive rhodamine dye N2 - Lanthanide-doped photon upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit many advantages compared to Stokes-shifted luminescent probes (organic dyes, quantum dots). Due to the upconversion process, the limitations of photobleaching, autofluorescence and low penetration depths in tissue shown by classical fluorescent probes are avoided. This makes UCNPs particularly useful for applications in complex biological samples. Sensing of intracellular pH is of particular interest in biomedical research since structure and function of biomolecules strongly depend on the concentration of protons in their environment. T2 - UPCON 2016 CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 23.05.2016 KW - upconversion KW - nanoprobes KW - chemical sensing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37282 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertin, Annabelle A1 - Asadujjaman, Asad A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Endowing nanoparticles with orthogonal functionalities via core / shell / shell architecture N2 - Dual orthogonal functionality in a single material is highly desirable in many fields such as bio-imaging, sensing, coating or diagnostic and therapy. However, combining two different functionalities in a precise and controlled way is still a challenging task. Here we present how simply dual functional hybrid nanoparticles consisting of a silica core with a fluorescent and a thermoresponsive polymeric layers can be prepared. As a first step of this work, silica core particles were coated by a fluorescent layer using surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Afterwards, the fluorescent silica nanoparticles were completely enclosed in a switchable protective coating made of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). The thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) changes its properties with varying the surroundings temperature and this behavior is reversible and controllable. To the best of our knowledge these types of hybrid dual functional core-shell-shell nanoparticles have not yet been prepared, despite the prospect of many potential applications. T2 - 251st American Chemical Society National Meeting CY - San Diego, USA DA - 13.03.2016 KW - Fluorescent and thermoresponsive nanoparticles KW - Core / shell / shell / nanoparticles PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37370 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pollakowski, B. A1 - Holzlechner, Gerald A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Beckhoff, B. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Qualifying PDMS deposited on silicon wafer surfaces as calibration standard for organic matter by X-ray spectrometry and XPS N2 - Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)is one of the most appearing contamination of medical devices.Dedicated analysis of PDMS on surfaces necessary, but the lack of calibration samples provides a bottle neck. There is a demand for metrological tools ensuring traceable and reliable analysis of mass deposition and of the chemical species of contaminants. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and reference-free GIXRF can be used to qualify bench top instrumentation. Comparison of PES data and GIXRF data enable the establishment of a traceability chain. T2 - EXRS 2016, European Conference on X - ray Spectrometry CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 19.06.2016 KW - Silicone analysis KW - XPS KW - GIXRF PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37295 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy - Basics and Selected Applications N2 - The basics of broadband dielectric spectroscopy were introduced in detail. The analysis of the data was discussed. As application of broadband dielectric spectroscopy the alpha-relaxation (dynamic glass transition) and the chain dynamics of polymers were ilustrated. T2 - 9th International Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Pisa, Italy DA - 11.09.2016 KW - Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37386 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Madkour, Sherif A1 - Yin, Huajie A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Behavior of Ultra-Thin Films of Blends of Polystyrene/ Poly(vinyl methyl ether) by Nanosized Relaxation Spectroscopy N2 - In the course of miniaturizing modern technology down to the molecular scale, understanding the materials behavior has to be investigated and deviations from the bulk that might arises from confinement effects has to be understood. Here, a combination of nano-sized relaxation spectroscopies (Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and Specific heat spectroscopy (SHS); employing AC nanochip calorimetry) were utilized to investigate the glassy dynamics of ultra-thin films of blends of Poly (vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) / Polystyrene (PS) 50:50 wt-%, which are miscible bulk (thicknesses: 8nm - 200nm, film thickness was controlled by ellipsometry, film topography by AFM). Both methods are sensitive to different probes; where SHS senses entropy fluctuations while BDS measures dipole fluctuations. For BDS measurements, a recently developed nano-structured electrode sample arrangement is employed; where ultra-thin films are spin-coated on an ultra-flat highly conductive silicon wafer, sandwiched between a wafer with nanostructured SiO2 nano-spacers with heights between 35 nm and 70 nm. The method was applied for film thicknesses up to 50 nm. For thicker films, the samples were prepared between crossed electrodes. It was proven that, for 50 nm films, both contact methods will lead to identical results. By measuring the dynamic Tg in dependence of the film thickness, SHS showed that the Tg of the whole film was strongly influenced by a nanometer-thick surface layer at the polymer/air interface due to a self-assembling process [1]. The dynamic Tg obtained from the SHS measurements decrease with decreasing film thickness, evidencing the importance of a mobile surface layer at the polymer/air interface for the glass transition of the whole film. Compared to the SHS results, the BDS measurements show a completely different behavior. At high temperatures, the temperature dependence of the relaxation times of the films follows that of bulk-like PS/PVME; obeying the VFT-law. With decreasing temperature, the temperature dependence deviates from the VFT to an Arrhenius law; where the apparent activation energy decreases with decreasing film thickness. This is the first example where confinement induced changes were observed by BDS for ultra-thin films. All results were analyzed in details in a comprehensive discussion. T2 - 9th International Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY - Pisa, Italy DA - 11.09.2016 KW - Ultra-Thin films KW - Broadband Dielectric Spectrscopy KW - Nanostructured Electrodes PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37387 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Moser, Marko T1 - Spectroscopic Quantification of Thiol Groups and Ligands on Nanomaterials N2 - Thiols have a high binding affinity to noble metals and semiconductor (SC) materials. Thiol ligands enable size control and tuning of the surface during the synthesis of nanoparticles (NP), significantly influence their physico-chemical and optical properties, and allow for their bioconjugation via further functional groups. Thus, simple, inexpensive, robust, and fast methods for the quantification of thiol groups and the characterization of thiol-modified or - stabilized nanomaterials including polymers are of considerable importance. T2 - Innovation Forum Senftenberg 2016 CY - Senftenberg, Germany DA - 01.06.2016 KW - Thiols KW - Ellman KW - Aldrithiol PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37243 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Moser, Marko T1 - Quantification of PEG-Maleimide Ligands and Coupling Efficiencies on Nanoparticles with Ellman’s Reagent N2 - Emissive nanoparticles (NP) are of ever increasing importance in nanotechnology, optical industries, and life sciences. Applicationrelevant properties determining particle performance and biocompatibility depend mainly on surface functional groups or ligands. Coating with polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands enhances hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of nanomaterials, and enables subsequent binding of biomolecules. Hence, PEGylated particles must be carefully engineered and monitored with simple and fast methods. T2 - 9th Meeting of Engineering of Functional Interfaces CY - Wildau, Germany DA - 03.07.2016 KW - PEG-Maleimide KW - Ellman PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37244 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Güther, Wolfgang A1 - Lindemann, Franziska A1 - Höhne, Patrick A1 - Neumann, Christian A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - The Analytical centrifuge – an additional tool to optimize ceramic slurries for spray drying N2 - Spray drying is a widely used process step in ceramic technology to convert fine grained raw powders to free-flowing granules. Type and amount of the organic additives (dispersants, binders and plasticizers) define viscosity and stability of the slurry, the granulate structure and the compaction behaviour. Alumina and Zirconia powders were characterized with regard to particle size, shape and specific surface area (BET). Zeta-potential measurements by Stabino® were used to investigate the effect of different dispersants on slurry stability. Unfortunately, this method is restricted to suspensions with less than about 30% by weight of solid content. The multi-sample analytical centrifuge LUMiSizer® overcomes this problem. This device enables analysis of the separation behaviour of suspensions over a wide range of solid content. On the basis of position and time resolved photometric detection of transmitted light, it is possible to determine the instability index, the sedimentation velocity, and the sediment height in dependence of type and amount of organic additives at various centrifugal accelerations. Additional information is obtained from the shape of the transmission profiles. Based on LUMiSizer® measurements, suitable additive concentrations were derived. Thereby, the number of investigations by viscometry and spray drying experiments can be significantly reduced. Finally, it was possible to produce alumina, zirconia and ZTA aqueous slurries with up to 80 weight-% of solid. The optimized suspensions were successfully spray dried and the resulted granules show good compaction behaviour. T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft und Symposium Hochleistungskeramik CY - Freiberg, Germany DA - 07.03.2016 KW - Analytical centrifuge KW - Ceramic suspension KW - Slurry KW - Spray drying KW - Granules PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36130 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Moser, Marko A1 - Kraft, Marco A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Behnke, Thomas A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Kaiser, Martin A1 - Muhr, V. A1 - Hirsch, T. T1 - Simple method for the quantification of PEG ligands and guidelines to the spectroscopic characterization of upconversion nanoparticles N2 - The surface modification of nanometer- and micrometer-sized particles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands of varying length is a very common strategy to tune their hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, minimize unspecific interactions, improve biofunctionalization efficiencies, and enhance blood circulation times. Nevertheless, simple methods for the quantification of PEG ligands are rare. This is similarly true for the spectroscopic characterization of lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), novel near infrared (NIR)-excitable nonlinear fluorescence reporters for bioanalysis and theranostics, providing background-free multiple narrow emission bands in the visible and NIR, excellent photostability, and long luminescence lifetimes. We present here a simple method for the determination of the number of PEG ligands on nanomaterials and screening methods for the fast identification of nonradiative deaction pathways in UCNPs. T2 - SPIE Photonics West CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 15.02.2016 KW - Optical assay KW - Fluorescence KW - Integrating sphere spectroscopy KW - Quantum yield KW - NIR KW - IR KW - Optical spectroscopy KW - Nanomaterials KW - Semiconducor nanocrystals KW - Upconversion nanocrystals KW - Surface analysis; KW - Ligand analysis PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35951 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Behnke, Thomas A1 - Moser, Marko A1 - Schneider, Ralf A1 - Kraft, Marco A1 - Pauli, Jutta A1 - Kaiser, Martin A1 - Güttler, Arne T1 - Methods for the determination of the optical properties and the surface chemistry of fluorescent particles N2 - Fluorescent particles like nm- and m-sized polymeric beads doped or labeled with different types of fluorophores and nanocrystalline systems like quantum dots and upconversion phosphors emitting in the visible (vis), near-infrared (NIR), and IR (infrared) region are of increasing importance as fluorescent reporters for bioanalysis and medical diagnostics. The assessment and comparison of material performance and the development of rational design strategies for improved systems requires suitable spectroscopic tools for the determination of signal-relevant optical properties and analytical tools for the determination of the number of surface groups, ligands, biomolecules and /or fluorophores per bead. In this respect, suitable spectroscopic tools for the characterization of the optical properties of such materials like photoluminescence quantum yields and brightness values and the determination of their surface chemistry are introduced. This includes integrating sphere setups for absolute measurements of fluorescence quantum yields of liquid and solid, transparent and scattering materials in the wavelength region of 350 nm to 1600 nm at varying excitation power densities for the study of multi-photon processes and simple optical assays, validated by comparison with established analytical techniques relying on different detection principles. Here, different examples for the optical and analytical characterization of different types of nanoscale reporters are presented. T2 - MoLife Research Seminar CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 26.04.2016 KW - Optical assay KW - Fluorescence KW - Integrating sphere spectroscopy KW - Quantum yield KW - NIR KW - IR KW - Optical spectroscopy KW - Nanomaterials KW - Semiconducor nanocrystals KW - Upconversion nanocrystals KW - Surface analysis KW - Ligand analysis PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35954 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Staude, Andreas T1 - Computed tomography and its potential for cultural heritage studies N2 - Since the advent of industrial computed tomography (CT), this new analysis method has been used also for the investigation of objects of cultural heritage and art. CT provides the possibility to determine the inner and outer surfaces and to investigate the material structure without causing damage to the valuable objects. In this talk I will present examples of measurements performed at BAM, which demonstrate what CT can do for objects of diverse materials and for different objectives. T2 - Italian-German Worshop on "Technology and infrastructures for Cultural Heritage" CY - Bode-Museum, Berlin, Germany DA - 12.04.2016 KW - Computed tomography KW - Computertomographie KW - Cultural heritage KW - Art KW - Archaeology KW - Kulturelles Erbe KW - Kunst KW - Archäologie PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36162 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Urban, Klaus T1 - Anwendungsbeispiele für den Einsatz von Drohnen - Lokalisierung von Gasemissionsquellen, Erstellung von Gasverteilungskarten und Bekämpfung des Eichenprozessionsspinners N2 - Der Vortrag gibt Beispiele dafür, wie Drohnen sinnvoll im zivilen Bereich eingesetzt werden können. Insbesondere werden die Lokalisierung von Gasemissionsquellen, die Erstellung von Gasverteilungskarten und die Bekämpfung des Eichenprozessionsspinners näher vorgestellt. T2 - DRONEMASTERS.Berlin MeetUp #01.16 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.01.2016 KW - Lokalisierung von Gasemissionsquellen KW - Erstellung von Gasverteilungskarten KW - Eichenprozessionsspinner PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36225 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Wöstmann, Jens A1 - Munsch, Sarah Mandy A1 - Hase, Felix T1 - Moisture in screed: a non-destructive multi-sensor approach N2 - Eight different screed types are tested including two different sample heights of 35 and 70 mm. The moisture of the four cement based and four sulphate based screeds are monitored during hydration and evaporation. All samples are stored in a climatic chamber at 23° C and 50 % relative humidity. Embedded sensors like temperature arrays, humidity sensor arrays, and multi-ring electrodes are embedded in the samples to yield a detailed moisture evolution with high depth resolution. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance is used to quantify the water content at different depths. This multi-sensor approach allows a comprehensive monitoring of the moisture and its gradient in the different screed samples. This yields a deeper insight into the hydration, moisture convection, and diffusion processes. T2 - EWSHM 2016 CY - Bilbao, Spain DA - 05.07.2016 KW - Moisture KW - Screed KW - Embedded sensors KW - Corresponding relative humidity KW - NMR PY - 2016 N1 - Geburtsname von Munsch, Sarah Mandy: Nagel, S. M. - Birth name of Munsch, Sarah Mandy: Nagel, S. M. AN - OPUS4-36840 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bremser, Wolfram T1 - Homogeneity and stability testing of (C)RM N2 - The paper describes approaches to homogeneity and stability testing of (certified) reference materials which meet the requirements of ISO 17034. T2 - IDMS Training at BAM CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 22.02.2016 KW - Reference materials KW - Homogeneity KW - Stabilty PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36820 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Müller, Maximilian A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Moisture Measurements with RFID based Sensors in Screed and Concrete N2 - To quantify the moisture in concrete, RFID based humidity sensors are embedded. Passive high frequency, ultra-high frequency RFID tags as well as active Bluetooth sensors are tested. After concreting, all sensors measure the corresponding relative humidity to monitor the concrete moisture. Two case studies are performed, embedding in an existing construction, i.e. the duraBASt test bridge, and embedding in cement based mortar in the laboratory. As basis for robust and long-life sensors in alkaline concrete, different casing materials are tested. Furthermore, signal strength measurements and their sensitivity to different moisture levels are performed. T2 - EWSHM 2016 CY - Bilbao, Spain DA - 05.07.2016 KW - Moisture measurements KW - RFID based sensors KW - DuraBASt KW - Humidity sensors KW - Long-life sensor casing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36834 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Lauer, Franziska A1 - Seifert, Stephan A1 - Kneipp, Janina T1 - Multivariate statistics applied to MALDI-TOF MS data of pollen samples N2 - Pollen represent one major cause for human allergic diseases. Currently the characterization and identification of pollen is time-consuming since it mainly relies on the microscopic determination of the genus-specific pollen morphology. A variety of new analytical approaches, like Raman - and fluorescence spectroscopy have been proposed in order to develop fast and reliable pollen identification. Recently matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was initially applied for the rapid investigation of such complex biological samples. Taxonomic differences and relations of single pollen grains could be identified. Both commercially available lyophilized pollen and fresh pollen acquired from biological samples collected in parks and in the Botanical Garden Berlin in the years 2013-2015 were investigated. The samples were prepared by formic acid extraction in the gas phase and spotted with HCCA matrix. A variety of new approaches, like a newly developed MALDI target with micrometer sample spots sizes, were tested for their suitability. The obtained mass spectral data were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA). The applicability of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the classification of pollen according to their taxonomic relationships was proven. Specifically, chemical differences in the mass spectra at the levels of plant order, genus and in many cases even of species could be identified. Based on these results, further investigations have been undertaken to optimize the sample preparation for the classification of single pollen grains in mixtures of pollens. A novel MALDI-target design was developed to enhance the phenotypic information of pollens in their mass spectra. The combination of mass spectral patterns and multivariate statistics provide a powerful tool for the investigation of structural correlations within mixtures. The results can be used to improve the reconstruction of taxonomic relations of single species in various mixtures and might be useful for the development of a fast routine method to identify pollen based on mass spectrometry. T2 - 64th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2016 KW - Pollen KW - MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry KW - Multivariate statistics PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Streeck, C. A1 - Nutsch, A. A1 - Dietrich, P. A1 - Fischer, Tobias A1 - Grötzsch, D. A1 - Nietzold, Carolin A1 - Malzer, W. A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Beckhoff, B. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Characterization of bio-molecular surfaces and liquids by means of reference-free X-ray spectrometry N2 - An increasing field of application for X-ray spectrometry and related analysis techniques is the investigation of tailor made functional surfaces modified by organic molecules. For a detailed understanding and further development of such functionalized surfaces, a quantitative determination of the surface density of molecular species or even specific functional groups is required. By means of reference-free X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry such customized surfaces can be analyzed quantitatively, when using specific marker elements. A chemical analysis of molecular bonds can be accomplished by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy in the Near-Edge region (NEXAFS). Especially in the soft X-ray range an access to relevant light elements like carbon C, nitrogen N and oxygen O is possible. Especially, the characterization of liquids and solid-liquid interfaces aiming at the determination of bio-molecular moieties (functional groups) is of great interest. The characterization of such systems requires the analysis of bio-molecules in their liquid environment. For the understanding of (biomolecular) reactions and binding processes the verification and quantification of biomolecule immobilization is essential. However, the analysis in the soft-X-ray range involves a higher experimental effort. In this contribution various successful applications of the characterizations of organofunctionalized surfaces, solid-liquid interfaces and liquids containing bio-molecular species by means of reference-free X-ray spectrometry will be presented. The experiments were performed at the plane-grating monochromator beamline (PGM-U49) in the soft X-ray range at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II. Using calibrated instrumentation and a quantification approach based on atomic fundamental parameters a quantitative access without any calibration sample or reference material is possible. In a complementary analysis by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence measurements based on laserexcitation in the optical light spectrum the functional-group density of silane monolayers were determined. Here, the nitrogen atoms of the head-group of the label molecule employed could be used as specific marker for the reference-free quantitative XRF analysis and is used for traceable calibration of XPS and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, a novel UHV-compatible liquid-cell developed to investigate liquids and solidliquid interfaces will be presented. Protein attachment at the solid-liquid interface was investigated by detection of the characteristic N1s→π*(O=C-N) amide bond resonance in the N K-edge NEXAFS by using ultra-thin epoxy-functionalized SiC-windows. T2 - European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS) CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 19.06.2016 KW - Bio-molecular surfaces KW - NEXAFS KW - XPS KW - XRS PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36965 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fréjafon, E. A1 - Salvi, O. A1 - Hazebrouck, B. A1 - Le Feber, M. A1 - López de Ipiña Peña, J. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Creation of the European centre for risk management and safe innovation in nanomaterials & nanotechnologies (EC4SafeNano) N2 - Safe innovation & sustainable production with MNMs need that we: Understand risks and benefits (diagnostic, assessment) Identify and implement risk reduction strategies (manage) Communicate on residual risks (acceptance) Huge knowledge on characterization, hazards, diagnostic (science) Little effective use of it for operational risk management (expertise) Objectives of the centre: Bridge the gap between research and application (public, private), Bridge the gap between knowledge on risks and risk management, Balance between Science and Appliance, in a sustainable way: Efficient & Sustainable structure Collective, harmonized, shared expertise EU scale, internationally connected. T2 - Workshop "NanoSafety: from research to implementation" CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 22.06.2016 KW - Nano materials KW - Risk management KW - Safe innovation PY - 2016 UR - http://nanomile.eu-vri.eu/news.aspx?lan=230&tab=2361&nid=991#n991 AN - OPUS4-36966 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Drescher, Daniela A1 - Büchner, T. A1 - Kneipp, Janina A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - Studying cellular uptake and processing of nanoparticles by LA-ICP-MS N2 - In recent years, elemental imaging of biological samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is gaining in importance. Recent improvements regarding spatial resolution (down to 1 µm) and washout time make LA-ICP-MS particularly interesting for single cell analysis. Many current nanomaterials can serve as contrast agents in cellular or tissue imaging, drug delivery vehicles or therapeutics, whereas others can cause toxic effects. In order to evaluate nano-bio interactions, the number of nanoparticles (NPs) inside cells as well as their localisation within cellular substructures is of particular interest. LA-ICP-MS was used to study the NP pathway from uptake, via intracellular processing up to cell division. Fibroblast cells were incubated with different metallic NPs under varying experimental conditions. For LA analysis the cells were fixed with formaldehyde and dried. Our results show that LA-ICP-MS is able to localise NP aggregates within cellular substructures. The NPs accumulate in the perinuclear region in the course of intracellular processing, e.g. multivesicular fusion and endosomal maturation, but do not enter the nucleus [1, 2]. A strong dependence of NP uptake on concentration and incubation time was found. Additionally, the number of NPs internalized by individual cells was determined and variations within the cell population became visible. A new laser ablation system providing a short washout time (50 ms) together with small spot sizes (< 4 µm) and high repetition rates allows high spatial resolution applications. First results of cell imaging will be shown. The findings demonstrate the potential of LA-ICP-MS providing insight into NP uptake and intracellular distribution dependent on experimental parameters. T2 - 13th European Workshop on Laser Ablation CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 12.07.2016 KW - LA-ICP-MS KW - Nanoparticle KW - Bio-imaging KW - Cell PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36891 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Behnke, Thomas A1 - Moser, Marko A1 - Quevedo, Pablo A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Krüger, Harald A1 - Nirmalanathan, Nithiya A1 - Pauli, Jutta A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin T1 - Design, characterization and application of molecular and nanoscale optical reporters and probes and method standardization N2 - Here, we present an overview of the research activities of division Biophotonics concerning the design and (bio)analytical application of molecular and nanoscale functional chromophores for e.g., biomarker analysis including methods for the reliable determination of their application relevant properties. This includes the absolute determination of their brightness and photoluminescemce quantum yield, determining the signal size from the material side, as well as the development of fluorescence standards for such measurements and instrument calibration strategies, thereby providing important prerequisites for the comparison of material performance, the mechanistic understanding of nonradiative decay channels, and the rational design of new optical reporters. Moreover, for particle-based systems, ranging from nm-sized semiconductor quantum dots to m-sized polymeric and silica beads, simple optical methods and assays for the assessment of their surface chemistry are presented, which enable the quantification of the number of total and derivatizable surface functionalities, ligands per particle and particle-bound biomolecules. In addition, validation concepts for such methods are introduced utilizing method comparisons, multimodal and cleavable probes. T2 - Seminar Microbiology of Interfaces CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 16.06.2016 KW - Biomarker PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Kaiser, Michael A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Kraft, Marco A1 - Leubner, S. A1 - Gaponik, N. A1 - Eychmüller, A. A1 - Wilhelm, Stefan A1 - Hirsch, T. T1 - Characterization of nanocrystalline particles with NIR emission - Spectroscopic properties and surface group analysis N2 - There is an increasing interest in optical reporters like semiconductor quantum dots and upconversion nanocrystals with emission > 800 nm for bioanalysis, medical diagnostics, and safety barcodes. Prerequisites for the comparison of material performance, the mechanistic understanding of nonradiative decay channels, and the rational design of new nanomaterials with improved properties are reliable fluorescence measurements and validated methods for the assessment of their surface chemistry. The latter is of special relevance for nanocrystalline emitters, where surface states and the accessibility of emissive states by quenchers largely control accomplishable photoluminescence quantum yields and hence, signal sizes and detection sensitivities from the reporter side. Here, we present the design of integrating sphere setups for the excitation power density-dependent absolute measurement of emission spectra and photoluminescence quantum yields in the wavelength region of 350 to 1600 nm and results from spectroscopic studies of semiconductor quantum dots and upconversion nanocrystals of different size and surface chemistries in various environments. Subsequently, examples for simple approaches to surface group and ligand analysis are presented. T2 - 1st International Biophotonics Conference CY - Singapure DA - 25.07.2016 KW - Fluorescence KW - Integrating sphere spectroscopy KW - Quantum yield KW - NIR KW - IR KW - Optical spectroscopy KW - Nanomaterials KW - Semiconducor nanocrystals KW - Surface analysis KW - Ligand analysis KW - Optical assay PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36998 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph T1 - Measuring screed moisture with EM methods – a comparison of capacitive Handheld and microwave resonator probes N2 - Measuring the moisture state of screeds is critical for floorers in order to prevent structural damages of bottom coverings. Typically destructive tests are carried out on small samples delivering only punctual information. We tested several non-destructive testing methods in terms of sensitivity in the critical low moisture range and observed substantially different drying behavior for the two tested cement based and calcium-sulphate based screed samples. Our findings are supported by moisture gradient measurements using the nuclear magnetic resonance technique. T2 - 11th Int. Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances CY - Florence, Italy DA - 23.05.2016 KW - resonance KW - moisture KW - screed KW - microwave KW - nuclear magnetic PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36945 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Avishai, N. A1 - Avishai, A. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - What is the effective geometrical collection efficiency of your XEDS detector? Routine procedure applied in a SEM laboratory N2 - In this contribution, two large-area EDS detectors were tested according to the procedure proposed by Procop et al. (2015). In a first step, the optimal working distance (WD) in the two different SEM chambers was determined by moving the sample stage in the Z direction and monitoring the count rates at a magnification of 10,000 and a field of view of 25.6 µm. The WD at which the highest intensity was measured was selected as the optimal position, corresponding to the crossover between the EDS detector optical axis and electron beam optical axis. Next the Cu Kα peak was measured at different relative EDS positions while it was partially removed from the fully inserted position. The spectrum at each location was collected for 10 sec using the highest pulse rate and intermediate current to minimize pile up effects. The ‘inverse squared normalized intensities vs. relative EDS position’ used to extract the true detector – specimen distance shows a non-linear relationship even at the minimal relative positions, which indicates shadowing due to obstruction or use of an unsuitable and/or off-centered collimator. The normalized count rates measured as a function of the EDS distances, results in a too low GCE (too low true solid angles) for both tested detectors. The source of losses of signal was shadowing caused by collimators. T2 - Microscopy & Microanalysis 2016 Meeting CY - Columbus, Ohio, USA DA - 24.07.2016 KW - EDS KW - Solid angle KW - Net effective sensor area KW - X-ray yields PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Polymer characterisation by multidimensional techniques with focus on LC - MALDI/ESI-TOF-MS N2 - Since the first LC/ ESI-MS experiment of the Nobel prize winner John B. Fenn in 1984, the coupling of liquid chromatographic to mass spectrometric techniques gained a continuous rapid development. The lecture will give a general survey of different LC separation techniques as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), liquid adsorption chromatography (LAC), liquid chromatography at critical conditions (LCCC) and gradient elution liquid chromatography (GELC) combined with Matrix assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) respectively Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. Often the deficiencies of stand-alone methods can be bridged. LC, blind to structural information needs mass spectrometry as one of the most powerful detectors able to give detailed information on e.g. the repeat units, functionalization or copolymer composition of the chromatographic separated constituents. A separation prior to MS reduces the polydispersity which is one of the reasons for failing of MS. Also problems with different ionization probabilities in complex mixtures can partly be overcame. On the basis of different examples on- and offline coupling principles will be compared and the pros and cons of both mass spectrometric techniques will be discussed. Recently, MALDI imaging techniques in coupling with chromatography have become interesting e.g. for visualization of copolymer composition. T2 - International Symposium GPC/SEC and Related Techniques CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 26.09.2016 KW - Polymers KW - Liquid chromatography KW - MALDI-TOF-MS KW - ESI-TOF-MS PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holzweber, Markus A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Hesse, R. A1 - Denecke, R. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Ionische Flüssigkeiten als Referenzmaterial in der Oberflächenanalytik N2 - Die Bestimmung der chemischen Zusammensetzung einer Oberfläche und deren Quantifizierung mit wichtig für die Qualitätssicherung vieler industrieller Produkte und Materialien. Die chemische Beschaffenheit von Oberflächen bzw. Grenzflächen muss genau kontrolliert werden um die Produktqualität zu garantieren. Diese Prüfung ist oft auch für individuelle Prozessschritte durchzuführen. Referenzmaterialien sind unverzichtbar, wenn es darum geht, die Richtigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit von Messergebnissen zu gewährleisten. Falsche Messwerte können zu erheblichen Mehrkosten führen. Referenzmaterialien gewährleisten die Rückführung von Messergebnissen auf anerkannte Bezugsgrößen (Standards), dienen der Ermittlung der Messunsicherheit von analytischen Verfahren und wer-den zur Kalibrierung verwendet. Für zertifizierte/akkreditierte (ISO 9000 und ISO 17025) Prüf- und Kalibrierlaboratorien ist der Einsatz von Referenzmaterialien in der Qualitätssicherung obligatorisch. Ionischen Flüssigkeiten (IL) sind vielversprechende Kandidaten für die Verwendung als Referenzmaterial in oberflächenanalytischen Verfahren wie Energie-dispersive Röntgenspektroskopie (EDX) und Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie (XPS). In zwei Machbarkeitsstudien wurde eine geeignete Klasse von ILs als Referenzmaterial getestet: Für die Anwendung in EDX wurde die Eignung von ILs als Referenzmaterial zur routinemäßigen Überprüfung der Energieskala, der Energieauflösung und der Spektrometer-Effizienz untersucht. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass mit einer einzigen Messung an einem einzigen Referenzmaterial mehrere Geräteparameter überprüft werden können. Damit ist es im niederenergetischen Bereich möglich, regelmäßige Funktionsprüfungen von Spektrometern durchzuführen, aber auch die Leistungsfähigkeit verschiedener Spektrometer zu vergleichen Für Die Anwendung in XPS wurde die Eignung von ILs als Referenzmaterial zur Bestimmung der Transmissionsfunktion T(E) von Photoelektronenspektrometern getestet. Dazu wurde die Auswertesoftware UNIFIT entsprechend adaptiert und erlaubt nun T(E) anhand der bekannten Stöchiometrie der IL zu ermitteln. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch die Verwendung ausgewählter ILs als Referenzmaterial die Genauigkeit der Quantifizierung von XPS Daten unter Nutzung einer experi-mentell bestimmten T(E) wesentlich verbessert werden kann. T2 - 19. Arbeitstagung Angewandte Oberflächenanalytik CY - Soest, Germany DA - 05-09-2016 KW - Ioniosche Flüssigkeiten KW - Referenzmaterial KW - REM-EDX KW - XPS PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37640 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Müller, Maximilian A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - RFID sensor systems embedded in concrete - requirements for long-term operation N2 - One of the more difficult tasks for structural health monitoring is the continuous evaluation of the stability and load capacity of the building materials. This knowledge can be won, e.g., by taking material samples at the examining place with the drawback of partly destroying the structure. To avoid this, modern sensor and communication technologies offer promising methods for non-destructive testing. To address the tasks for monitoring of concrete structures, in the presented study, different sensors were combined with RFID transponders and embedded in concrete components. T2 - 33rd Danubia- Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Concrete KW - Embedded KW - RFID sensors KW - Structure health monitoring PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37533 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Lohstroh, Wibke A1 - Zamponi, Michaela A1 - Zorn, R. A1 - Frick, Bernhard T1 - Neutron and dielectric spectroscopy - taking advantage of the strengths of each technique in confinement studies: Vibrational and molecular dynamics of nanoconfined liquid crystals N2 - The effect of a nanometre confinement on the molecular dynamics of liquid crystals was studied by broadband dielectric and neutron spectroscopy. As confining host the molecular sieve Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=60) with a mean pore diameter of 3 nm was selected. As guest the liquid crystals 8CB and E7 were chosen where the latter does not crystallize but undergoes a glass transition forming a nematic glass. Dielectric spectroscopy shows that for the confined systems one relaxation process is observed. Ist characteristic relaxation time is much lower compared to that of the bulk. No signature of the Phase transition characteristics of the bulk liquid crystal is detected. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time of this relaxation process has to be described by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation and thus shows similarities to glassy dynamics. The vibrational density of states measured by neutron spectroscopy (IN6, ILL; TOFTOF, MLZ) Shows excess contributions with respect to the Debye density of states (boson peak). For the confined systems the low frequency contributions of the boson peak are suppressed, an effect which is also found for conventional glass forming systems. In addition elastic scans were carried out at the backscattering spectrometer (BS) IN10 at ILL. Such measurements provide an overview about the temperature dependence of the microscopic dynamics. Assuming a Gaussian form for the elastically scattered intensities the effective mean square displacement was calculated. For the nanoconfined samples the mean square displacement is strongly reduced in comparison to the bulk. Also these measurements show the signature of a glass Transition indicated by a change in the temperature dependence of the mean square displacement. For confined E7 the extracted glass transition temperature is shifted by more than 20 K to higher temperatures. Broadband inelastic neutron scattering was carried out by combining time-of-flight (IN6, ILL; TOFTOF, MLZ) and backscattering (IN10, ILL; SPHERES, MLZ) experiments in the time domain. The time dependence of the incoherent intermediate scattering function Sinc(q,t) shows two Relaxation processes which were quantitatively analyzed by fitting the KWW function to the data. The process at shorter times shows a close similarity the methyl group rotation found for polymeric systems. The process at longer times was assigned to glassy dynamics. The obtained data are compared in detail in their temperature dependence to the dielectric results. T2 - Deutsche Neutronenstreutagung 2016 CY - Kiel, Germany DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Neutron scattering KW - Broadband dielectric spectroscopy PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37516 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh A1 - Weisbrich, S. A1 - Neitzel, F. T1 - Ersatzmodell von komplexen geometrischen Strukturen für FEA N2 - Der Grad der Finite-Elemente-Diskretisierung wird vom Verhältnis der Details zur Objektgröße bestimmt. Die Diskretisierung eines großen Objektes mit vielen kleinen Details führt zu einer hohen Anzahl an Elementen bzw. Knotenpunkten. Die Berechnung solcher Körper erfordern nicht nur sehr hohe Rechenzeit, sondern was die Berechnung unmöglich macht, ist der sehr hohe Speicherbedarf. Mit Hilfe eines Ersatzkörpers wird dieses Problem umgangen. T2 - VDI/VDE-GMA Fachausschuss 2.12 "Strukturanalyse und -überwachung in der Bautechnik im Fachbereich Prozessmesstechnik und Strukturanalyse" CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 08.09.2016 KW - Ausgleichungsrechnung KW - Inverse Analysis KW - Finite-Elemente-Method PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37522 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh A1 - Weisbrich, S. A1 - Neitzel, F. T1 - Approximate model for geometrical complex structures N2 - Many engineering structures are made of composite materials or metal foam. To simulate the deformational behaviour of these structures often requires a high number of discretisation elements. This in turn yields a very large system of linear equations that are extremely time and memory consuming or practically impossible to solve. It is therefore desirable to find an approach to overcome this obstacle. T2 - 33rd Danubia- Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Inverse analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Least-squares adjustment PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37524 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -