TY - CONF A1 - Prost, J. T1 - Cr, Cu and Zn K-edge SR-TXRF-XANES of indoor aerosol samples at BESSY II and ELETTRA N2 - Airborne particulate matter is an issue of growing concern in industrialized countries. Particles with diameters of less than 10 μm (especially those smaller than 2.5 μm) can enter the human respiratory system and contribute to various diseases depending on their chemical composition and the chemical bonding state, in which elements are present. This chemical speciation can be obtained using X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis (XANES), which requires a tunable excitation source and therefore has to be carried out at synchrotron facilities. Our special interest lies on the analysis of indoor airborne particulate matter, as particle composition and health effects of outdoor particles have been studied abundantly. For this work, samples were collected in various office rooms in the Atominstitut (ATI) building. The BAMline at BESSYII features a double-multilayer monochromator (DMM) and a double-crystal monochromator (DCM). The DCM offers an energy resolution E/ΔE of around 103, which makes it suitable for XANES applications. The ATI SR-TXRF vacuum chamber, formerly located at HASYLAB, Beamline L, is now available at the BAMline. The chamber offers a sample changer for up to 8 quartz reflectors and a 30 mm² silicon drift detector (SDD) was used. Aerosol samples were produced using a modified three-stage Dekati™ impactor. For this work, only the coarse (2.5 to 10 μm) and the fine particle fraction (1 to 2.5 μm), were of interest. XANES results of Cr, Cu and Zn will be presented on this poster. The X-ray Fluorescence beamline at ELETTRA operates in partnership with the IAEA an ultra-high vacuum instrument with a 7-axis manipulator suitable for a variety of X-ray analytical techniques, such as grazing incidence and total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis (GI-XRF and TXRF), X-ray reflectometry (XRR) and XANES. Samples were produced using a four-stage Sioutas Personal Cascade Impactor. With this impactor, it is possible to produce size-fractionated samples down to the sub-μm range (Stages: A > 2.5 μm, B 1 to 2.5 μm, C 0.5 to 1 μm and D 0.25 to 0.5 μm). Direct sampling was performed on siliconized 25 mm Si wafers suitable for TXRF. Cu-K edge SR-TXRF-XANES analysis was carried out for samples of all impactor stages. Results of these experiments will be shown. T2 - European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS) CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 19.06.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - BESSY KW - Aerosol KW - XANES PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38764 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Von Ägypten bis Hiddensee – Analyse von Gold mit Synchrotronstrahlung N2 - Gold ist eines der sieben schon im Altertum bekannten Metalle und wurde wg. seines Glanzes und seiner Seltenheit von alters her als Tauschmittel und zur Herstellung von Schmuck benutzt. Außerdem ist es einfach bearbeitbar und weitestgehend gegen chemische Einflüsse resistent. Die Untersuchungen von Gold mit synchrotronstrahlungsangeregter Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse sind zerstörungsfrei und geben Auskunft über die in der untersuchten Probe vorhandenen chemischen Elemente. Bei den hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen an der BAMline stehen Fragestellungen wie Herkunft, Herstellungsverfahren und Zusammengehörigkeit von Goldfunden im Vordergrund. Die verschiedenen Fragestellungen werden an einer Reihe von Beispielen erläutert die vom Wikingerschatz aus Hiddensee über die Himmelsscheibe von Nebra bis hin zu Funden aus Ägypten langen. Zusätzlich werden die modernen Messmethoden vorgestellt, die am Synchrotron heutzutage zur Verfügung stehen. T2 - Vorlesung FU Berlin Einführung in die Archäometrie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.11.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - Gold KW - XRF PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38810 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - The Colour X-ray Camera – Basics and Applications of a 2D X-ray Detector N2 - The Color X-ray Camera CXC or SLcam® is an energy-resolving X-ray camera capable of energy- and space-resolved measurements. It consists of a high-speed CCD detector coupled to a polycapil-lary optic that conducts the X-ray photons from the probe to distinct pixels onto the detector. The camera is capable of fast acquisition of spatially and energy resolved fluorescence images. A dedicated software enables the acquisition and the online processing of the spectral data for all 69696 pixels, leading to a real-time visualization of the elements distribution in a sample. It was developed in a joint project with BAM, IFG Berlin and PN Sensors. In this contribution we will mainly discuss the use of the CXC at our beamline, the BAMline at BESSY II and imaging applications of the CXC from different areas, like biology and archaeometry. Additionally new developments for the use of the detector without optics, like wavelength dispersive detection or 1shot-XANES, will be presented. T2 - Seminar Strahlenphysikalische Anwendungen in Technik und Medizin CY - Wien, Austria DA - 20.01.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - XRF PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38811 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Es ist nicht alles Gold was glänzt - Die Analyse von Gold mit Synchrotronstrahlung N2 - Gold ist eines der sieben schon im Altertum bekannten Metalle und wurde wg. seines Glanzes und seiner Seltenheit von alters her als Tauschmittel und zur Herstellung von Schmuck benutzt. Außerdem ist es einfach bearbeitbar und weitestgehend gegen chemische Einflüsse resistent. Die Untersuchungen von Gold mit synchrotronstrahlungsangeregter Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse sind zerstörungsfrei und geben Auskunft über die in der untersuchten Probe vorhandenen chemischen Elemente. Bei den hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen an der BAMline stehen Fragestellungen wie Herkunft, Herstellungsverfahren und Zusammengehörigkeit von Goldfunden im Vordergrund. Die verschiedenen Fragestellungen werden an einer Reihe von Beispielen erläutert die vom Wikingerschatz aus Hiddensee über die Himmelsscheibe von Nebra bis hin zu Funden aus Ägypten langen. Zusätzlich werden die modernen Messmethoden vorgestellt, die am Synchrotron heutzutage zur Verfügung stehen. T2 - Vortragsreihe „Naturwissenschaftliche Einsichten in Kunst- und Kulturgut" CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 13.10.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - Gold KW - XRF PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38809 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - First in situ measurements with a newly developed SR-based ‘Single-shot‘ EXAFS set-up N2 - The newly developed EXAFS set-up comprises both time- and spatially-resolved EXAFS information simultaneously in a single-shot. This facile, stable and scanningless set-up was tested at the BAMline @ BESSY-II (Berlin, Germany). The primary broadband beam is generated by a filter/X-ray-mirror combination (bandpass). The transmitted beam through the sample is diffracted by a convexly bent Si (111) crystal, producing a divergent beam. This, in turn, is collected by an area sensitive detector based on a CCD camera, in a theta - 2 theta geometry. The first in situ measurements were successfully carried out and hereby presented. The case-study involved a well known reaction, in which structural changes are induced over time, and continuously measured. We were able to track structural changes within a 1s time resolution. T2 - European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS) CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 19.06.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - EXAFS PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38807 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Manso, M. T1 - Toxic metals in tattoo inks N2 - Tattooing practice is adopted worldwide and represents a socio-cultural phenomenon, but the injection into the skin of coloring agents, such as metals might pose a serious health problem. Tattoo ink compounds are in general not officially controlled. Moreover, the origins as well as the chemical and toxicological specifications of these coloring agents are hardly known by the producers, the tattooists and by the consumers. In this view, the aim of this study was to characterize the metal composition of tattoo inks available in the market and to draw attention to the associated risk for human health. A set of tattoo inks from the brand Kuro Sumi was analyzed by means of Synchrotron-based X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (Sy-XRF) at BAMline @ BESSY II and Raman Spectroscopy using the XploRA confocal Raman microscope (785 nm laser). Carbon black, rutile, phtalo blue, phtalo green, helizarin red, helizarin yellow and dioxazine violet were respectively identified in black, white, blue, green, red, yellow and violet inks. However, a wide range of transition and heavy metals, potentially hazardous was revealed by Sy-XRF. A semi-quantitative evaluation has revealed, in some inks, amounts of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb higher than the allowed according to the resolution adopted by the Council of Europe on the safety of tattoos and permanent make-up (PMU. T2 - Heavy Metals: from the Environment to the Man CY - Lissabon, Portugal DA - 21.03.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - XRF KW - Tattoo PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38806 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Prost, J. T1 - SR-TXRF-XANES of indoor aerosol samples at BESSY II and ELETTRA N2 - Airborne particulate matter is an issue of growing concern in industrialized countries. Particles with diameters of less than 10 μm, in particular those with less 2.5 μm, are of special concern, as they can enter the human lungs and contribute to various cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. As the composition and health effects of airborne particles in urban, rural and industrial outdoor air has been studied abundantly, our focus lies on the analysis of airborne particle samples collected indoors, which may also have a significant effect on human health, depending on the chemical composition of the particles and the chemical bonding state, in which elements are present. This chemical speciation can be obtained using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis, which requires a tunable excitation source and therefore has to be carried out at synchrotron facilities. For this work, samples were collected in office rooms of the Atominstitut building. The BAMline at BESSYII, Berlin, features a double-multilayer monochromator (DMM) and a double-crystal monochromator (DCM). The DCM offers an energy resolution E/ΔE of around 103, which makes it suitable for X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) applications. The Atominstitut SR-TXRF vacuum chamber, formerly located at HASYLAB, Beamline L, is now available at the BAMline. The chamber offers a sample changer for up to 8 quartz carriers suitable for total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis (TXRF) and was equipped with a 30 mm² silicon drift detector (SDD). Aerosol samples were produced using a modified three-stage Dekati™ impactor. For this work, only the coarse (2.5 to 10 μm, Stage 2) and the fine particle fraction (1 to 2.5 μm, Stage 3), were of interest. XANES analysis was performed for the elements Cr, Cu and Zn. Oxidation states of these 3 elements will be presented. The X-ray Fluorescence beamline at ELETTRA operates in partnership with the IAEA an ultra-high vacuum instrument with a 7-axis manipulator suitable for a variety of X-ray analytical techniques, such as grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis (GI-XRF), TXRF, X-ray reflectometry (XRR) and XANES. Samples were produced using a four-stage Sioutas Personal Cascade Impactor. With this impactor, it is possible to produce sizefractionated samples down to the sub-μm range (Stages: A > 2.5 μm, B 1 to 2.5 μm, C 0.5 to 1 μm and D 0.25 to 0.5 μm). Direct sampling was performed on siliconized 25 mm Si wafers suitable for TXRF. Cu-K edge SR-TXRF-XANES analysis was carried out for samples of all impactor stages. Results of these experiments will be shown. T2 - Denver X-ray Conference CY - Rosemont, Illinois, USA DA - 01.08.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - XANES KW - Aerosol PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38762 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Manso, M. T1 - Assessment of heavy metals and hazardous substances in tattoo inks N2 - Tattooing practice is adopted worldwide and represents a socio-cultural phenomenon, but the injection into the skin of coloring agents, such as metals might pose a serious health problem. Tattoo ink compounds are in general not officially controlled. Moreover, the origins as well as the chemical and toxicological specifications of these coloring agents are hardly known by the producers, the tattooists and by the consumers. In this view, the aim of this study was to characterize the metal composition of tattoo inks available in the market and to draw attention to the associated risk for human health. A set of tattoo inks from the brand Kuro Sumi was analyzed by means of Synchrotron-based X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (Sy-XRF) at BAMline @ BESSY II and Raman Spectroscopy using the XploRA confocal Raman microscope (785 nm laser) at the LIBPhys-UNL. Carbon black, rutile, phtalo blue, phtalo green, helizarin red, helizarin yellow and dioxazine violet were respectively identified in black, white, blue, green, red, yellow and violet inks. However, a wide range of transition and heavy metals, potentially hazardous was revealed by Sy-XRF. A semi-quantitative evaluation has revealed, in some inks, amounts of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb higher than the allowed according to the resolution adopted by the Council of Europe on the safety of tattoos and permanent make-up. T2 - European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS) CY - Gothenburg, Schweden DA - 19.06.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - XRF KW - Tattoo PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38804 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rauwolf, M. T1 - Zinc distribution in human bone: Sr-micro X-ray fluorescence imaging of osteoporotic samples N2 - Zn is known to be located in the reactive centers of various enzymes, which play a major role in the mineralization process at sites where new bone formation occurs. In addition, elevated Zn levels are supposed to increase the proliferation rate of osteoblasts [1] and may lead to a stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in vivo [2]. Consequently, Zn seems to play an essential role in bone formation and mineralization through various pathways. We thus expected Zn levels to be altered at sites of extensive bone formation like in the case of fracture healing. We measured the same areas on human bone samples with both a scanning confocal synchrotron radiation induced micro X-ray fluorescence (SR-μXRF) at the FLUO beamline (ANKA) and a full-field Color X-ray Camera at the BAMline (Bessy II) setup in order to find the ideal SR-μXRF imaging method to investigate trace element distributions in bone samples. As zinc is a trace element of special interest in bone, the setups were optimized for Zn detection. The setups were compared concerning count rate, required measurement time and resolution. We could show that the ideal method is depending on the element of interest. While for Ca (a major constituent of the bone with a low energy of 3.69keV for K) the Color X-ray Camera provided us with a higher resolution in the plane, for Zn (a trace element in bone) only the confocal SR-μXRF was able to sufficiently image the distribution. Biopsies of healing osteoporotic fractures (Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs)) were investigated in regard to their Zn distribution. The samples were measured with a confocal SR-μXRF setup with a 10 μm x 15 μm resolution at the FLUO beamline at ANKA. As we found increased Zn levels, which seemed to be accumulated in narrow structures between bone packages we also investigated thin cuts (4 μm thick) of two sample areas with a higher resolution of 1 μm x 1 μm (monochromatic beam with E= 17 keV) at B16 at Diamond SR facility. We will present the advantages and disadvantages of all three SR-μXRF setups (ANKA FLUO beamline, Bessy II BAMline, and Diamond B16) for imaging elemental distributions in bone with a focus on Zn. We will also show the distribution of Zn in healing VCFs. T2 - XRM2016: 13th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY - Oxford, UK DA - 15.08.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - XRF PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hachmöller, O. T1 - Investigating Wilson´s disease by elemental bioimaging and speciation analysis using LA-ICP-MS, μXRF and XANES N2 - Wilson´s disease (WD) is a rare genetic disorder of the copper metabolism, causing the accumulation of copper in different organs, including the liver, the central nervous system and cornea. This way, WD initiates manifold hepatic, neurological or psychiatric symptoms. To learn about the elemental distribution and present species in WD, liver samples were analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). Within this work, LA-ICP-MS was applied to study the distribution of copper and iron in human liver samples, which were collected by a liver biopsy of WD and control patients within a medical investigation. The analysis by LA-ICP-MS was performed with a 213 nm Nd:YAG laser using a spatial resolution of 10 μm and a scan rate of 20 μm/s. In a next step, copper and iron were quantified by LA-ICP-MS using homemade matrix-matched standards made of gelatin. Results showed an inhomogeneous copper and iron distribution in human liver with hotspots up to several thousand micrograms per gram liver within the hepatocytes. Additionally, results for the elemental distribution in WD were validated by means of synchrotron radiation-based μXRF with a beam size of 4 μm at the BAMline at BESSYII (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin). Furthermore, XANES was performed to identify the present oxidation states of copper in WD, indicating a mixture of copper(I) and copper(II) within the liver tissue. In the contemporary medicine, rhodanine staining is routinely used to determine the copper distribution in liver tissues. Nevertheless, this method does not provide results with a high sensitivity in comparison to LA-ICP-MS. Therefore, the presented LA-ICP-MS method offers a new possible diagnostic tool. These results may also contribute to a better understanding of Wilson´s disease and its development. T2 - Interdisziplinäres Doktorandenseminar des DAAS CY - Ulm, Germany DA - 06.04.2016 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - BESSY KW - XRF KW - XANES PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38761 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -