TY - CONF A1 - Sander, Luise T1 - Links Between Electrode Properties and Cell Performance in Commercial Sodium-Ion Batteries N2 - Our latest results of commercially purchased cylindrical sodium ion battery (SIB) cells will be presented. Two different cell types were dissasembled and thouroughly characterized on electrode as well as on material level. Both cell types comprise aluminum current collectors for anode and cathode, respectively. Furthermore, geometric electrode parameters, such as electrode size, thickness and loading, will be presented and linked to the electrical data-sheet values. Further in-depth characterization on material level revealed that both cathode active materials are composed of a cobalt free Ni-Mn-Fe-oxide. Interestingly, the cathode particles significantly differ in shape and size between the two cell types. Both anode active materials are graphite-free, and the particle structure points in both cases to a biomass-derived hard carbon material. Based on gas chromatography mesaurements coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), both cell types utilize a mixture of carbonates as electrolyte, however, contain different conductive salts. Moreover, the measured, characteristic electrical features, e.g., capacity, Coulombic efficiency, and initial cycle life, will be discussed. Intriguingly, the cycling stability greatly differs between the cell types. Presumably, this behaviour can be mainly linked to the different morphology of the cathode active material. Overall, the work can give important insights in the composition and electrical behabiour of currently available SIB-cells. T2 - Sodium Battery Symposium (SBS-6) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 03.09.2025 KW - Battery KW - Sodium-Ion-Battery KW - Electrochemical Energy Storage KW - Energy Storage PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64411 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sander, Luise T1 - Linking Material and Electrode Properties to the Cell Performance of Two Types of Commercially Available SIBs N2 - As the first commercial sodium-ion-batteries (SIBs) are available for purchase, it is possible to investigate material composition. Gaining an insight into the material composition of these SIBs is of interest not only for the classification of possible safety risks and hazards, but also in regards to recycling. Herein we report the preliminary investigations of the chemical and structural composition of first commercial SIB-cells. Two different SIB-cell types were compared in terms of electrode size, thickness, loading etc. Furthermore, the composition of the active materials and electrolyte was investigated and compared. Finally, the gained results were linked to the different data sheet performance of the two cell types. T2 - WISPER - Women in Science Promoting Energy Research CY - London, UK DA - 21.05.2025 KW - Battery KW - Sodium-Ion-Battery KW - Electrochemical Energy Storage KW - Energy Storage PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63284 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Developing Core-Shell Carbon Materials to Link Porosity Features to Sodium Storage Capacities N2 - Porous carbon materials play an important role for energy storage and conversion. One (re-)emerging research field is the ability of porous carbons to store sodium metal ions. Current results shows that internal pores – hence, pores which are not accessible for the electrolyte – allow to store large amounts of sodium at low potentials, yielding high energy sodium-ion battery (SIB) anodes. The common synthesis approach to gain carbons with internal pores involves the pyrolysis of a non-graphitizing precursor, resulting in a so-called hard carbon (HC). However, HC-materials frequently show substantial non-reversible initial capacity losses. Commonly, significant losses are associated with the creation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the carbon’s surface that occurs during the initial sodium insertion. Intriguingly, large irreversible capacities are often found for samples with experimentally determined low specific surface area.[2] A more comprehensive understanding of the structure-property relations is essential for quantifying and grasping the potential of carbon materials in SIBs. However, the typical synthesis methods do not allow to individually tune the storage properties – mainly connected to the internal properties of the carbons – and the SEI-formation – primarily related to the surface properties. Hence, the objective of the present work is to develop a synthesis route which tackles this challenge. Herein, the main approach is to develop tailor-made core-shell carbon materials consisting of a highly porous carbon core and a quasi-non-porous carbon shell. For the core, two strategies are pursued: A) microporous carbon materials with varied porosity, however, similar chemistry, and B) microporous carbons with tuneable chemistry, but similar porosity. Approach A involves the selection of commercially available activated carbons (ACs). Strategy B is based on the modification of the chemical composition (i.e., amount and type of N-sites) of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) derived carbons. In both cases, the shell is realized by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Different analytical methods, e.g., powder XRD, gas physisorption (N2, Ar, CO2), XPS, and SAXS are used to thoroughly characterize morphological and chemical features of the core as well as of the core-shell carbons. These features are linked to the electrochemical characteristics of the materials. After CVD-coating, all materials show a significant reduction in detectable surface area (up to a factor of up to 190x) by N2-physisorption. The coating technique is successfully applied to a range of AC-materials, enabling to link porosity features to Na-storage behavior. For the best performing AC-based material, the reversible capacity is increased from ~140 mAhg-1 to ~400 mAhg-1 while irreversible capacity is decreased from ~640 mAhg-1 to ~90 mAhg-1. The results of the coated ZIF-derived carbon reveal that a higher nitrogen content leads to a greater capacity in the sloping region, but to a lower capacity in the plateau region of the voltage profile. Generally, core-shell carbon anodes promise to enable high capacities accompanied with low irreversible losses. T2 - 36. Deutsche Zeolith-Tagung CY - Erlangen, Germany DA - 26.02.2025 KW - Battery KW - Anode KW - Hard Carbon PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64960 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sander, Luise T1 - Commercially Available Sodium-Ion Cells: Links between Material and Electrode Properties and the electrochemical Performance N2 - As the first commercial sodium-ion-batteries (SIBs) are available for purchase, it is possible to investigate material composition. Gaining an insight into the material composition of these SIBs is of interest not only for the classification of possible safety risks and hazards, but also in regards to recycling. Herein we report the preliminary investigations of the chemical and structural composition of first commercial SIB-cells. Two different SIB-cell types were compared in terms of electrode size, thickness, loading etc. Furthermore, the composition of the active materials and electrolyte was investigated and compared. Finally, the gained results were linked to the different data sheet performance of the two cell types. T2 - MATSUS Conference 2025 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 03.03.2025 KW - Battery KW - Sodium-Ion-Battery KW - Electrochemical Energy Storage KW - Energy Storage PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62932 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sander, Luise T1 - Linking Material and Electrode Properties to the Cell Performance of Commercially Available SIBs N2 - As the first commercial sodium-ion-batteries (SIBs) are available for purchase, it is possible to investigate material composition. Gaining an insight into the material composition of these SIBs is of interest not only for the classification of possible safety risks and hazards, but also in regards to recycling. Herein we report the preliminary investigations of the chemical and structural composition of first commercial SIB-cells.[1,2] Two different SIB-cell types were compared in terms of electrode size, thickness, loading etc. Furthermore, the composition of the active materials and electrolyte was investigated and compared. Finally, the gained results were linked to the different data sheet performance of the two cell types. T2 - Advanced Battery Power 2025 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 01.04.2025 KW - Battery KW - Sodium-Ion-Battery KW - Electrochemical Energy Storage KW - Energy Storage PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62924 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sander, Luise T1 - Comparison of Commercially Available SIBs: Linking Material and Electrode Properties to Cell Performance N2 - As the first commercial sodium-ion-batteries (SIBs) are available for purchase, it is possible to investigate material composition. Gaining an insight into the material composition of these SIBs is of interest not only for the classification of possible safety risks and hazards, but also in regards to recycling. Herein we report the preliminary investigations of the chemical and structural composition of first commercial SIB-cells. Two different SIB-cell types were compared in terms of electrode size, thickness, loading etc. Furthermore, the composition of the active materials and electrolyte was investigated and compared. Finally, the gained results were linked to the different data sheet performance of the two cell types. T2 - Batterieforum 2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.01.2025 KW - Battery KW - Sodium-Ion-Battery KW - Electrochemical Energy Storage KW - Energy Storage PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62921 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Separating Initial Loss from Storage Capacity: Core-Shell Materials as Advanced Anode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries N2 - The current imperative to shift towards an energy grid equipped with sustainable energy storage solutions has caused a renewed interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Hard carbons (HCs) are a promising option high-capacity anode materials in SIBs. Nevertheless, their elevated capacities frequently come at the cost of experiencing substantial non-reversible initial capacity losses Commonly, significant losses are associated with irreversible reactions, such as the creation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), that occur during the initial sodium insertion in HC-materials. Intriguingly, high values of irreversible capacity are often found for samples with experimentally determined low specific surface area.[1] A more comprehensive understanding of the structure-property relations is essential for quantifying and grasping the potential of hard carbon materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Thus, the objective is to employ analytical methods to establish a link between the structure and the electrochemical attributes of HC materials. This has been a challenge, partly due to the non-stoichiometric nature of the sodium storage mechanism and the disordered structure of HCs. To address the challenges mentioned above, our approach is to explore whether a core-shell structure can separate sodium storage and SEI-formation. This way, we can investigate and fine-tune storage capacity and irreversible losses, independently. The strategy involves the synthesis of various porous carbon structures to serve as the core material and their combination with sodium-conductive structures to core-shell materials. Herein, we will present different synthesis routes towards tailor-made carbon core materials. Moreover, different coatings concepts will be introduced, and the electrochemical performance of the core and core-shell materials compared. To elucidate the storage mechanism, the results of advanced analytical methods such as operando NMR and -SAXS will be presented. Generally, these core-shell anodes promise to enable high capacities accompanied with low irreversible losses due to optimized SEI-formation. T2 - Advanced Battery Power Conference 2024 CY - Münster, Germany DA - 10.04.2024 KW - Battery KW - Anode KW - Hard Carbon PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61968 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sander, Luise T1 - Linking material and electrode properties to the cell performance of commercially available sodium-ion cells N2 - As the first commercial sodium-ion-batteries (SIBs) are available for purchase, it is possible to investigate material composition. Gaining an insight into the material composition of these SIBs is of interest not only for the classification of possible safety risks and hazards, but also in regard to recycling. Herein we report the preliminary investigations of the chemical and structural composition of first commercial SIB-cells.[1,2] Two different SIB-cell types were compared in terms of electrode size, thickness, loading etc. Furthermore, the composition of the active materials and electrolyte was investigated and compared. Finally, the gained results were linked to the different data sheet performance of the two cell types. T2 - Batterieforum Deutschland 2026 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.01.2026 KW - Electrochemical Energy Storage KW - Battery KW - Sodium-ion-battery KW - EES KW - Energy Storage PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65588 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -