TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Accessing radiation damage to biomolecules on the nanoscale by particle-scattering simulations N2 - Radiation damage to DNA plays a central role in radiation therapy to cure cancer. The physico-chemical and biological processes involved encompass huge time and spatial scales. To obtain a comprehensive understanding on the nano and the macro scale is a very challenging tasks for experimental techniques alone. Therefore particle-scattering simulations are often applied to complement measurements and aide their interpretation, to help in the planning of experiments, to predict their outcome and to test damage models. In the last years, powerful multipurpose particle-scattering framework based on the Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS) method, such as Geant4 and Geant4-DNA, were extended by user friendly interfaces such as TOPAS and TOPAS-nBio. This shifts their applicability from the realm of dedicated specialists to a broader range of scientists. In the present review we aim to give an overview over MCS based approaches to understand radiation interaction on a broad scale, ranging from cancerous tissue, cells and their organelles including the nucleus, mitochondria and membranes, over radiosensitizer such as metallic nanoparticles, and water with additional radical scavenger, down to isolated biomolecules in the form of DNA, RNA, proteins and DNA-protein complexes. Hereby the degradation of biomolecules by direct damage from inelastic scattering processes during the physical stage, and the indirect damage caused by radicals during the chemical stage as well as some parts of the early biological response is covered. Due to their high abundance the action of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and secondary low energy electrons (LEE) as well as prehydrated electrons are covered in additional detail. Applications in the prediction of DNA damage, DNA repair processes, cell survival and apoptosis, influence of radiosensitizer on the dose distribution within cells and their organelles, the study of linear energy transfer (LET), the relative biological effectiveness (RBE), ion beam cancer therapy, microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), the FLASH effect, and the radiation induced bystander effect are reviewed. KW - DNA KW - Protein KW - G5P KW - OH KW - Au KW - AuNP KW - Radiation KW - SSB KW - DSB KW - Beta decay KW - Brachytherapy KW - Cancer treatment KW - Clustered nanoparticles KW - DNA damage KW - Dosimetry KW - Energy deposit KW - Geant4 KW - Geant4-DNA KW - Gold Nanoparticles KW - Livermore model KW - Low energy electrons KW - MCS KW - Microdosimetry KW - Monte-Carlo simulation KW - NP KW - OH radical KW - Particle scattering KW - Penelope model KW - Proteins KW - Radiation damage KW - Radiation therapy KW - Radiationtherapy KW - Radioactive decay KW - Radiolysis KW - Radiotherapy KW - Simulation KW - TOPAS KW - TOPAS-nbio KW - Base damage KW - Base loss KW - DNA radiation damage KW - Direct damage KW - Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) KW - Dissociative electron transfer (DET) KW - Double-strand break (DSB) KW - ESCA KW - Hydrated DNA KW - Hydrated electron KW - Hydration shell KW - Hydroxyl radical KW - Indirect damage KW - Ionization KW - Ionisation KW - NAP-XPS KW - Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy KW - Net-ionization reaction KW - Prehydrated electron KW - Presolvated electron KW - Quasi-direct damage KW - ROS KW - Radical KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Single-strand break (SSB) KW - XPS KW - Xray KW - Xray photo electron spectrocopy KW - Cosolute KW - Ectoin KW - Ectoine KW - GVP KW - Gene five protein KW - Hydroxyectoine KW - Ionizing radiation damage KW - OH radical scavenger KW - Monte-Carlo simulations KW - Nanodosimetry KW - Osmolyte KW - Particle scattering simulations KW - Protein unfolding KW - Radical Scavenge KW - Radical scavenger KW - Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins KW - SAXS KW - Bio-SAXS KW - X-ray scattering KW - ssDNA KW - dsDNA KW - FLASH effect KW - Bystander effect KW - Ion beam therapy KW - Bragg peak KW - LET KW - MCNP KW - Photons KW - Electrons KW - Carbon ions KW - MRT KW - RNA KW - RBE KW - base loss KW - abasic side KW - DMSO KW - Cells PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-573240 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/accb3f SN - 2399-6528 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 042001 PB - Institute of Physics (IOP) Publishing CY - London AN - OPUS4-57324 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krauss, S. W. A1 - Eckardt, M. A1 - Will, J. A1 - Spiecker, E. A1 - Siegel, R. A1 - Dulle, M. A1 - Schweins, R. A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Senker, J. A1 - Zobel, M. T1 - H-D-isotope effect of heavy water affecting ligand-mediated nanoparticle formation in SANS and NMR experiments N2 - An isotopic effect of normal (H2O) vs. heavy water (D2O) is well known to fundamentally affect structure and chemical properties of proteins, for instance. Here we correlate results from small angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS, SANS) with high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy to track the evolution of CdS nanoparticle size and crystallinity from aqeuous solution in presence of the organic ligand ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) at room temperature in both H2O and D2O. We provide evidence via SANS experiments that exchanging H2O by D2O impacts nanoparticle formation by changing the equilibria and dynamics of EDTA clusters in solution as investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance. The colloidal stability of the CdS nanoparticles, covered by a layer of [Cd(EDTA)]2- complexes, is significantly reduced in D2O despite the strong stabilizing effect of EDTA in suspensions of normal water. Hence, conclusions about nanoparticle formation mechanisms from D2O solutions can bare limited transferability to reactions in normal water due to isotopic effects, which thus need to be discussed for contrast match experiments. KW - General Materials Science KW - Quantum dots KW - CdS KW - Deuterium KW - X-ray scattering KW - MOUSE PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR02419A SN - 2040-3364 VL - 15 IS - 40 SP - 16413 EP - 16424 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-58294 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omar, Hassan A1 - Hiid, Gundula A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) and its effect on the glass transition behavior in thin films N2 - The glass transition behavior of thin films of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBAC) was studied employing ellipsometry. The glass transition temperature increases with the reduction of the film thickness. This result is attributed to the formation of an adsorbed layer with a reduced mobility compared to bulk PBAC. Therefore, for the first time, the growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of PBAC was investigated, prepared by leaching samples from a 200 nm thin film which were annealed for several times at three different temperatures. The thickness of each prepared adsorbed layer was measured by multiple scans using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, an unannealed sample was measured. Comparison of the measurements of the unannealed and the annealed samples provides proof of a pre-growth regime for all annealing temperatures which was not observed for other polymers. For the lowest annealing temperature after the pre-growth stage only a growth regime with a linear time dependence is observed. For higher annealing temperatures the growth kinetics changes from a linear to a logarithmic growth regime at a critical time. At the longest annealing times the films showed signs of dewetting where segments of the adsorbed film were removed from the substrate (dewetting by desorption). The dependence of the surface roughness of the PBAC surface on annealing time also confirmed that the films annealed at highest temperatures for the longest times desorbed from the substrate. KW - Ultra thin polymer films PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-574531 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA02020G SN - 2046-2069 VL - 13 IS - 21 SP - 14473 EP - 14483 PB - RSC Publishing CY - London AN - OPUS4-57453 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fiedler, Saskia A1 - Ton-That, C. A1 - Phillips, M. R. T1 - Defect-free ZnO nanorods with high angular distribution for enhanced excitonic emission N2 - AbstractLow-temperature hydrothermal growth has emerged as a popular method for the fabrication of ZnO nanorods (NRs), increasing the functionality and utility of ZnO-based devices. In this work, we study the influence of growth time, temperature and seed layer on the dimensions and angular distribution of ZnO NRs. High-quality NRs with a crisscrossed 60° angular distribution have been grown with a 20–60 nm diameter and 600 nm length. We show that, within the ideal range of growth parameters, the growth time and temperature have no controllable influence on NR diameter and length, while the deposition method and size of the pre-growth deposited ZnO seeds affects diameter and NR angular alignment. We demonstrate advantages of using crisscross-aligned NRs over planar ZnO for the enhancement of ZnO excitonic emission by optical coupling with gold nanoparticles. These results can be readily adapted for applications that involve surface coating-mediated enhancement of both light emission and injection. KW - ZnO nanorod KW - Hydrothermal growth KW - Seed layer KW - Angular distribution KW - Cathodoluminescence KW - Luminescence enhancement PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618176 DO - https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-023-00941-x SN - 0884-2914 SN - 2044-5326 VL - 38 IS - 8 SP - 2145 EP - 2155 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61817 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Structuring of thin films by ultrashort laser pulses N2 - Modern life and global communication would not be possible without technologically tailored thin films; they are omnipresent in daily life applications. In most cases, the films are deposited entirely at the carrying substrates in a specific processing step of the device or sample. In some cases, however, removal or modification must be performed locally, i.e., site-controlled and material selective through an additional laser processing step. For that ultrashort laser pulses with durations in the femtosecond and picosecond range can provide unique advantages and capabilities in industrially scalable schemes. This article reviews the current state of the research and corresponding industrial transfer related to the structuring of thin films by ultrashort pulsed lasers. It focuses on the pertinent historic developments, reveals the relevant physical and chemical effects, explores the ultimate limits, and discusses selected industrial and scientific applications. KW - Thin films KW - Laser processing KW - Ultrashort lasers KW - Laser damage KW - Femtosecond laser ablation PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565732 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-06229-x SN - 0947-8396 SN - 1432-0630 VL - 129 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 38 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56573 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costache, F. A1 - Valette, S. A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Editorial: Special Issue “Dynamics and Processes at Laser-Irradiated Surfaces—A Themed Issue in Honor of the 70th Birthday of Professor Jürgen Reif” N2 - The Special Issue “Dynamics and Processes at Laser-irradiated Surfaces” is dedicated to the 70th birthday of Jürgen Reif, retired full professor, former Chair of Experimental Physics II of the Faculty of Physics of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus—Senftenberg in Germany. KW - Laser ablation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Surface functionalization KW - Femtosecond laser PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569482 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030611 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56948 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolff, M. A1 - Wonneberger, R. A1 - Freiberg, K.E. A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Giebeler, L. A1 - Koitzsch, A. A1 - Kunz, C. A1 - Weber, H. A1 - Hufenbach, J.K. A1 - Müller, F.A. A1 - Gräf, S. T1 - Formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures on Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with different chemical composition N2 - Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are amorphous metal alloys known for their unique physical and mechanical properties. In the present study, the formation of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the Zr-based BMGs Zr46Cu46Al8, Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5 (Vit105) and Zr57Cu15.4Al10Ni12.6Nb5 (Vit106) was investigated as a function of their different chemical composition. For this purpose, LIPSS were generated on the sample surfaces in an air environment by fs-laser irradiation (λ = 1025 nm, τ = 300 fs, frep = 100 kHz). The surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Moreover, the impact of LIPSS formation on the structure and chemical surface composition was analyzed before and after fs-laser irradiation by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Despite the different chemical composition of the investigated BMGs, the fs-laser irradiation resulted in almost similar properties of the generated LIPSS patterns. In the case of Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Vit105 and Vit106, the surface analysis revealed the preservation of the amorphous state of the materials during fs-laser irradiation. The study demonstrated the presence of a native oxide layer on all pristine BMGs. In addition, fs-laser irradiation results in the formation of laser-induced oxide layers of larger thickness consisting of an amorphous ZrAlCu-oxide. The precise laser-structuring of BMG surfaces on the nanoscale provides a versatile alternative to thermoplastic forming of BMG surfaces and is of particular interest for the engineering of functional material surfaces. KW - Bulk metallic glasses KW - Femtosecond laser KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Chemical analysis KW - Oxidation PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581799 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103305 SN - 2468-0230 VL - 42 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-58179 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Porta-Velilla, L. A1 - Martínez, E. A1 - Frechilla, A. A1 - Castro, M. A1 - de la Fuente, G. F. A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Angurel, L. A. T1 - Grain orientation, angle of incidence, and beam polarization effects on ultraviolet 300 ps-laser-induced nanostructures on 316L stainless steel N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) represent a unique route for functionalizing materials through the fabrication of surface nanostructures. Commercial AISI 316L stainless steel (SS316L) surfaces are laser treated by ultraviolet 300 ps laser pulses in a laser line scanning (LLS) approach. Processing parameters are optimized (pulse energy of 2.08 µJ, pulse repetition frequency of 300 kHz, and suitable laser scan and sample displacement rates) for the generation of low spatial frequency LIPSS over a large 25 × 25 mm2 area. Different angles of incidence of the laser radiation (0°, 30°, and 45°) and different linear laser beam polarizations (s and p) produce a plethora of rippled surface morphologies at distinct grains. Scanning electron microscopy and 2D Fourier transforms, together with calculations of the optical energy deposited at the treated surfaces using Sipe's first-principles electromagnetic scattering theory, are used to study and analyze in detail these surface morphologies. Combined with electron backscattering diffraction, analyses allow associating site-selectively various laser-induced-surface morphologies with the underlying crystalline grain orientation. Resulting grain orientation maps reveal a strong impact of the grain crystallographic orientation on LIPSS formation and point toward possible strategies, like multi-step processes, for improving the manufacturing of LIPSS and their areal coverage of polycrystalline technical materials. KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Steel KW - Grain orientation KW - Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) KW - Laser processing PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588929 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202300589 SN - 1863-8899 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-58892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hering, Marcus A1 - Sievers, Jürgen A1 - Curbach, Manfred A1 - Beckmann, Birgit T1 - An Approach to Predicting the Ballistic Limit of Thin Textile-Reinforced Concrete Plates Based on Experimental Results N2 - In this article, a partial selection of experiments on enhancing the impact resistance of structural components with non-metallic, textile-reinforced concrete is discussed. The focus is on the experimental investigations in which the impact resistance of thin, textile-reinforced concrete plates is characterized. The article discusses the materials, fabrics and test setup used. For the experimental work, a drop tower from the Otto Mohr Laboratory, which belongs to the Technische Universtät Dresden, was used. Furthermore, the experimental results are presented and evaluated using different methods. Based on the collected data, a suitable approach to determining the perforation velocity of an impactor through the investigated thin, textile-reinforced concrete plates is shown. KW - Building and Construction KW - Civil and Structural Engineering PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-586692 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092234 VL - 13 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-58669 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Richter, Anja A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Laser-Textured Surfaces: A Way to Control Biofilm Formation? N2 - Bacterial biofilms pose serious problems in medical and industrial settings. One of the major societal challenges lies in the increasing resistance of bacteria against biocides used in antimicrobial treatments, e.g., via overabundant use in medicine, industry, and agriculture or cleaning and disinfection in private households. Hence, new efficient bacteria-repellent strategies avoiding the use of biocides are strongly desired. One promising route to achieve bacteria-repellent surfaces lies in the contactless and aseptic large-area laser-processing of technical surfaces. Tailored surface textures, enabled by different laser-processing strategies that result in topographic scales ranging from nanometers to micrometers may provide a solution to this challenge. This article presents a current state-of-the-art review of laser-surface subtractive texturing approaches for controlling the biofilm formation for different bacterial strains and in different environments. Based on specific properties of bacteria and laser-processed surfaces, the challenges of anti-microbial surface designs are discussed, and future directions will be outlined. KW - Antibacterial surfaces KW - Biofilms KW - Laser processing KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Microbial adhesions PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588260 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202300753 SN - 1863-8899 SP - 1 EP - 41 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-58826 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -