TY - GEN A1 - Schardt, Annika A1 - Schmitt, Johannes A1 - Engelhard, Carsten T1 - Cover image for the article "Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with nanosecond time resolution" N2 - Image for the front cover of the issue 39(2) of the JAAS (Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry). See Annika Schardt et al., pp. 389–400. Image reproduced by permission of Annika Schardt, Johannes Schmitt and Carsten Engelhard. KW - Analytical chemistry KW - Nanoparticles KW - Single-particle characterization KW - Instrumentation KW - spICP-MS PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA90005G SN - 1364-5544 SN - 0267-9477 VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 295 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-62156 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Laskina, Sofya T1 - Computing the forward and inverse problem of X-ray scattering N2 - Continuing progress in the field of X-ray scattering methods empowers scientists with new possibilities to capture the most important piece of information about the structure of the sample - its 3D electron density. Although the first methods appeared almost a century ago, recovering the density structure of a sample is still very problematic. Most avail-able imaging techniques transform a 3D electron density of a realspace structure into the 2D Fourier Transform of the intensity of scattered waves in the reciprocal space. This process causes a loss of information. Firstly, instead of a 3D sample, a 2D image is created, and secondly, the phase information of the scattered waves is lost. The latter is known as the ”phase problem” and poses a serious obstacle on a way to recover a 3D electron density. In this work, we draw attention to the problem of forward and inverse Small Angle X-Ray Scattering. In the first, forward, part, we rethink the existing pipelines to computationally simulate such scattering experiments. Although there are efficient implementations of fast Fourier transformation, they often have some drawbacks. For instance, to calculate a 3D fast Fourier transform it is required to place its density in the RAM. For high-resolution structures of size > 1024 3 , this becomes very problematic, as the whole density structure requires more than 16 GB of memory. CUDA solution allows for a very fast and parallelizable implementation of high-resolution data on hundreds of last-generation machines. Such computations are very pricy and inaccessible for most scientists. To bypass this limitation, we propose a solution for a split-up 3D fast Fourier transform, which is implemented as a sequence of 2D and 1D operations. We compare our implementation on the simulated 3D shapes and show the result of a proof-of-concept on 4096 3 Metallorganic framework density structure. In the second, inverse problem, we train an invertible neural network, that given scattering data can predict the shape and its parameters. The architecture is built such, that the inverse problem is learned together with the forward process - the Fourier Transformation. We achieved very good results with this architecture, nonetheless, further testing is required, as the current training set only encompasses three simple shapes: sphere, hard sphere and cylinder. All code to reproduce and analyze the results is available at https: //github.com/sofyalaski/SAXS-simulations. KW - Machine Learning KW - SAXS KW - DFT PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 76 PB - Freie Universität Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56798 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Peters, T. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. T1 - Draft OECD Test Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals - Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials N2 - Final Draft of the OECD Test Guideline for Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials. The OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials (WPMN) has actively worked towards understanding possible safety issues for manufactured nanomaterials and has contributed significantly to resolving these by developing Test Guidelines, Guidance Documents, Test Reports and other publications with the aim of a safe use of manufactured nanomaterials. The OECD website (www.oecd.org/science/nanosafety) and the referenced publications contain more background information. Among others, the OECD Test Guideline “Particle Size Distribution/Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions” (TG 110, adopted in 1981) was identified to require an update to address the specific needs of manufactured nanomaterials as the TG 110 is currently only valid for particles and fibres with sizes above 250 nm. The WPMN prioritised to either update TG 110 to be applicable also to particles at the nanoscale or draft a new nanomaterial specific Test Guideline (TG). Eventually, it was decided to develop a new TG for particle size and particle size distribution measurements of nanomaterials covering the size range from 1 nm to 1000 nm for further justification. This TG overlaps with TG 110 in the size range from 250 nm to 1000 nm. When measuring particulate or fibrous materials, the appropriate TG should be selected depending on the size range of particles tested. In line with TG 110, the new TG for nanomaterials includes separate parts for particles and fibres. For the part of this TG which addresses particles, several methods applicable to nanomaterials were reviewed and included to take into account developments since 1981 when the TG110 was adopted. This TG includes the following methods: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Centrifugal Liquid Sedimentation (CLS)/Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Differential Mobility Analysis System (DMAS), (Nano)Particle Tracking Analysis (PTA/NTA), Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). For measuring the diameter and length of fibres, analysing images captured with electron microscopy is currently the only method available. This TG includes Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). To test the validity of this TG, an ILC was performed. Test materials were chosen to reflect a broad 68 range of nanomaterial classes, e.g. metals, metal oxides, polymers and carbon materials. Where possible, well-characterised test materials were used. Additionally, the test materials were chosen, so that they reflect a broad range of sizes representing the size range 1 nm to 1000 nm and finally, for fibres only, aspect ratios from length/diameter of 3 to > 50. KW - Nano KW - OECD KW - Test guideline KW - Nanomaterial KW - Nanoparticle PY - 2021 UR - https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/testing/draft-test-guideline-particle-size-distribution-nanomaterials.pdf SP - 1 PB - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-53828 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Peters, T. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. T1 - Test Guideline No. 125 - Nanomaterial Particle Size and Size Distribution of Nanomaterials N2 - The OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials (WPMN) has actively worked towards understanding possible safety issues for manufactured nanomaterials and has contributed significantly to resolving these by developing Test Guidelines, Guidance Documents, Test Reports and other publications with the aim of a safe use of manufactured nanomaterials. To address the specific needs of manufactured nanomaterials, the OECD Test Guideline No. 110 “Particle Size Distribution/Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions” was identified as one of the test guidelines (TGs) to require an update. The current TG 110 (adopted in 1981) is only valid for particles and fibres with sizes above 250 nm. The WPMN prioritised to either update TG 110 to be applicable also to particles at the nanoscale or draft a new nanomaterial specific (TG). Eventually, it was decided to develop a new TG that covers the size range from 1 nm to 1000 nm, intended for particle size and particle size distribution measurements of nanomaterials. Paragraph 11 provides further justification on the need for such measurements for nanomaterials. This TG overlaps with TG 110 in the size range from 250 nm to 1000 nm. When measuring particulate or fibrous materials, the appropriate TG should be selected depending on the size range of particles tested. In line with TG 110, the new TG for nanomaterials includes separate parts for particles and fibres. For the part of this TG which addresses particles, several methods applicable to nanomaterials were reviewed and included to take into account developments since 1981 when the TG 110 was adopted. This TG includes the following methods: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Centrifugal Liquid Sedimentation (CLS)/Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Differential Mobility Analysis System (DMAS), (Nano)Particle Tracking Analysis (PTA/NTA), Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The method Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) could not be sufficiently validated within the interlaboratory comparison (ILC) carried out for the different methods in this TG (see also paragraph 6 for further details on the ILC). Applicability of sp-ICP-MS is strongly limited to nanomaterials with high mass values in combination with a sufficiently high particle size. However, the general method ICP-MS is widely used and the sp-mode for the size measurement of specific nanomaterials was successfully performed in ILCs elsewhere. The method is therefore included in the Appendix Part C of this TG, which further details the limitations of sp-ICP-MS. For measuring the diameter and length of fibres, analysing images captured with electron microscopy is currently the only method available. This TG includes Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). To test the validity of this TG, an ILC was performed. Test materials were chosen to reflect a broad range of nanomaterial classes, e.g. metals, metal oxides, polymers and carbon materials. Where possible, well-characterised test materials were used. Additionally, the test materials were chosen to reflect a broad range of sizes representing the size range 1 nm to 1000 nm. Specifically for fibres, a broad range of aspect ratios was included (length/diameter of 3 to > 50). Some of the test materials used are commercially available and further references are given in the validation report of the ILC. Sample preparation for physical chemical characterisation is critical for all listed methods. Due to the differences between individual nanomaterials and due to the wide range of individual material properties it is impossible to have a generic protocol to obtain the best possible sample preparation for every nanomaterial. Therefore, a generic protocol on sample preparation is not part of this TG. Information on sample preparation is given in the paragraphs 25-29, 33, 34 and 39 for particles and in paragraphs 159) for fibres. Further information on sample preparation of nanomaterials for physical chemical characterisation can be found in the OECD Guidance on Sample Preparation and Dosimetry for the Safety Testing of Manufactured Nanomaterials and elsewhere. KW - Nano KW - Nanomaterial KW - Nanoparticle KW - OECD KW - Test guideline PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1787/20745753 SP - 1 EP - 72 PB - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-55191 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Review: Advanced Coating Materials N2 - This book by Scrivener Publishing contains 14 chapters written by 82 leading scientists, experienced in the field of coatings. They demonstrate mechanisms, usage and manipulation of cutting‐edge coating methods. Each chapter is well structured and ends with a conclusion, highlighting the content. The book is divided into 3 parts: “Materials and Methods”, “Coating Materials Nanotechnology” and “Advanced Coating Technology and Applications”. Finally, this book provides a comprehensive insight into innovative research in advanced coating materials and state‐of‐the‐art technologies, without being a real textbook. It fulfills its intension of being beneficial both for technicians and scientists. KW - Corrosion KW - Coating KW - Protection PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202070044 SN - 1521-4176 SN - 0947-5117 VL - 71 IS - 4 SP - 675 EP - 676 PB - WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-50629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Abram, Sarah-Luise A1 - Tavernaro, Isabella A1 - Zou, Shan A1 - Johnston, Linda T1 - Behind the Paper: Nanoscale Reference and Test Materials for the Validation of Characterization Methods for Engineered Nanomaterials – Current State, Limitations and Needs N2 - Engineered nanomaterials (NMs) of different material composition, morphology, and surface chemistry are widely used in material and life sciences. For NM quality control and risk assessment, NM key properties must be characterized with validated methods, requiring reference materials (RMs). KW - Engineered Nanomaterials KW - Nanoscale reference materials KW - Interlaboratory comparisons KW - Traceability KW - Standardization and Regulation KW - Nano KW - Particle KW - Quality assurance KW - Surface chemistry PY - 2025 UR - https://communities.springernature.com/posts/nanoscale-reference-and-test-materials-for-the-validation-of-characterization-methods-for-engineered-nanomaterials-current-state-limitations-and-needs SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Springer Nature CY - Online AN - OPUS4-62572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Richter, Maria A1 - Güttler, Arne A1 - Pauli, Jutta A1 - Vogel, K. A1 - Homann, Christian A1 - Würth, Christian T1 - Extending Certified Spectral Fluorescence Standards for the Calibration and Performance Validation of Fluorescence Instruments to the NIR – Closing the Gap from 750 nm to 940 nm with Two Novel NIR Dyes N2 - Fluorescence methods provide spectral, intensity, polarization, and lifetime information, which contain sample- and instrument-specific contributions. Fluorescence data, comparable across instruments and laboratories, require validated calibration procedures and certified fluorescence standards. KW - Quality assurance KW - Reference material KW - Fluorescence KW - Dye KW - Traceability KW - Metrology KW - Calibration KW - Reference data KW - Reference product KW - Digital certificate KW - NIR KW - Instrument performance validation PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Springer Nature CY - London AN - OPUS4-62739 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Scholtz, Lena A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Behind the Paper - Dual color pH probes made from silica and polystyrene nanoparticles and their performance in cell studies N2 - In this contribution we highlight the importance of comparison for scientific research while developing a new, functional pH sensor system, and the valuable insights this can provide. KW - Dye KW - Optical Spectroscopy KW - pH probe KW - Silica and Polystyrene Particles KW - Nano KW - Surface groups KW - Safe-by-Design KW - Cell studies KW - Sensors KW - Particle Synthesis KW - Fluorescence PY - 2023 UR - https://communities.springernature.com/posts/dual-color-ph-probes-made-from-silica-and-polystyrene-nanoparticles-and-their-performance-in-cell-studies SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - Springer Nature CY - London AN - OPUS4-59150 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Gold nanocubes with monodispersed size distribution (SEM SE) N2 - Gold nanocubes with a monodispersed size distribution (edge = 55 nm) deposited on a silicon wafer. These tiny uniform cubes were produced as reference nanoparticles in the frame of the European project nPSize - Improved traceability chain of nanoparticle size measurements. SEM Image acquired at 10 kV with an in-lens secondary electron detector. Image colored in ImageJ using LUT “Orange hot.” Published in Microscopy and Microanalysis 25(S2) (2019) 2328. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Nanocubes KW - Electron microscopy KW - Reference materials PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1551929520001157 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 12 EP - 12 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge, UK AN - OPUS4-51352 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - 2020 Microscopy Today Micrograph Awards N2 - Gold nanocubes with a monodispersed size distribution (edge = 55 nm) deposited on a silicon wafer. These tiny uniform cubes were produced as reference nanoparticles within the EMPIR project nPSize - Improved traceability chain of nanoparticle size measurements. SEM image acquired at 10 kV with an in-lens secondary electron detector. Image colored in ImageJ using LUT “Orange hot.” Published in Microscopy and Microanalysis 25(S2) (2019) 2328. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Au-nanocubes KW - Reference materials KW - Electron microscopy PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1551929520001339 VL - 28 IS - 5 SP - 14 EP - 15 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge, UK AN - OPUS4-51357 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -