TY - JOUR A1 - Sieg, Holger A1 - Schaar, Caroline A1 - Fouquet, Nicole A1 - Böhmert, Linda A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Braeuning, Albert T1 - Particulate iron oxide food colorants (E 172) during artificial digestion and their uptake and impact on intestinal cells N2 - Iron oxide of various structures is frequently used as food colorant (E 172). The spectrum of colors ranges from yellow over orange, red, and brown to black, depending on the chemical structure of the material. E 172 is mostly sold as solid powder. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of nanoscaled particles in E 172 samples, often to a very high extent. This makes it necessary to investigate the fate of these particles after oral uptake. In this study, 7 differently structured commercially available E 172 food colorants (2 x Yellow FeO(OH), 2 x Red Fe2O3, 1 x Orange Fe2O3 + FeO(OH) and 2 x Black Fe3O4) were investigated for particle dissolution, ion release, cellular uptake, crossing of the intestinal barrier and toxicological impact on intestinal cells. Dissolution was analyzed in water, cell culture medium and artificial digestion fluids. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was employed for determination of the specific surface area of the colorants in the digestion fluids. Cellular uptake, transport and toxicological effects were studied using human differentiated Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model of the intestinal barrier. For all materials, a strong interaction with the intestinal cells was observed, albeit there was only a limited dissolution, and no toxic in vitro effects on human cells were recorded. KW - Toxicology KW - Nanoparticles KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering KW - SAXS PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-593935 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105772 VL - 96 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier BV AN - OPUS4-59393 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Iannuzzi, Maurizio T1 - Rational design of polyfluorinated peptide-based materials: Self-assembly of an amphiphilic motif N2 - Generation of a pH sensitive amphiphilic block oligopeptide containing the bioactive function RGD and a library of derivatives varying the length of the hydrophobic core and the degree of side chain fluorination. Peptide rational design enables us to obtain desired features (pH sensitivity etc.). The introduction of fluorine alters a wide range of peptide properties such as secondary structure propensity, folding, thermal and metabolic stability and proteolytic resistance. The RGD function is highly effective at promoting the attachment of numerous cell types to a plethora of materials. This small sequence is the principal integrin-binding domain present within ECM proteins such as fiobronectin, vibronectin and fibrinogen. For this reason, RGD containing peptides offer several advantages for biomaterials applications. The use of RGD compared with native ECM proteins, minimized the risk of immune reactivity or pathogen transfer. Herein in this work, we present the peptide motif X6RGD and its fluoro-derivates for prospective receptor-specific drug delivery in cancer theraphy. Overall, our results demonstrate that high degree of fluorination achieved triggers a selective modification of peptide self-assembly dramatically improving the structural properties, the carrier suitability, enzimatic degradation profiles and cytotoxic features of the fluoropeptide conjugate(s). T2 - 37th European Peptide Symposium CY - Florence, Italy DA - 25.08.2024 KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering KW - SAXS KW - Nanostructure PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.17952/37EPS.2024.P1302 AN - OPUS4-62139 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hörmann, Anja Franziska T1 - STOP and Scatter N2 - We present first X-ray scattering results for the Horizon Europe project "Surface Transfer of Pathogens" (STOP) and an outlook regarding X-ray scattering methods on thin films, which are under development at the MOUSE. T2 - M17 full project meeting - Surface Transfer of Pathogens (STOP) CY - EMPA, St. Gallen, Switzerland DA - 18.01.2024 KW - X-ray Scattering KW - Grazing incidence PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62723 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hörmann, Anja Franziska T1 - Next Level Grazing Incidence: Let the Standardization Begin N2 - Reproducibility of experiments is something most natural scientists would consider important. However, how do we know experiments are comparable between instruments without explicitly disclosing, tracking and discussing instrument calibration and data processing methods? At SXNS17 we would like to introduce our standardization initiative to the Grazing Incidence Small-Angle Scattering (GISAS) community and gather initial feedback and perhaps contributors before we proceed further. From the point of view of development of a new lab GISAXS setup at BAM (Berlin, Germany), we propose a draft autoalignment and calibration routine. Together with the GISAS community, we would like to further develop this routine into a standard. On that basis, agreed-upon methods for data treatment could be the next step for the future and perhaps an organization like the Open Reflectometry Standards Organisation . We begin with a survey of hardware in use around the world, an area we are not planning to address in terms of standardization but which nonetheless provides the practical background for our efforts. We assume availability of pitch, roll, y and z motions, those may be present in the form of a stack of stages, a hexapod, or even a robot arm. All of these can be used for GISAS, but specifications such as backlash direction and minimum incremental motion need to be considered when it comes to resolution and repeatability of experiments. We ask for your help in gathering information on sample stages and holders and would like to present the results at the International Small-Angle Scattering Conference (SAS2024) in November 2024. We believe this an important step to ensure any developed standard can work for everyone in the end. Inspired by work for Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction one of our goals is to estimate and propagate uncertainties from stage motions to scattering vector q (compare for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering). Further ideas for standardization include the use of reflectometry in choosing angles of incidence and, perhaps more importantly, data corrections. T2 - Surface X-ray and Neutron Scattering 17 (SXNS17) CY - EPN, Grenoble, France DA - 15.07.2024 KW - Grazing incidence scattering KW - Sample alignment KW - Community survey KW - Calibration PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62724 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hörmann, Anja Franziska T1 - (Grazing Incidence) Small-angle X-ray Scattering for STOP N2 - We remind project partners of the principles of SAXS, GISAXS and X-ray reflectivity and their applicability to the antimicrobial particles and coatings developed within the STOP project. T2 - M25 project meeting: Surface Transfer of Pathogens (STOP) CY - Bucharest, Romania DA - 19.09.2024 KW - X-ray Scattering KW - Nanomaterial PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62774 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thünemann, Andreas T1 - Structure Analysis of Functional Hydrogels with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) N2 - Hydrogel properties are largely determined by their network structure. Here, we report on the capabilities of SAXS methods for characterizing polymer-network gels. SAXS provides rich insight into different types and levels of nanostructural inhomogeneities in these soft matter materials. The structure analysis of alginate hydrogels, typically utilized in tissue engineering applications, will be discussed in detail. T2 - Polydays 2024 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 30.09.2024 KW - SAXS KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering KW - Polymer KW - Gel PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61184 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hörmann, Anja Franziska T1 - Next Level Grazing Incidence, Part I: Standardization of Calibration and Alignment for Grazing Incidence Small-Angle (X-ray) Scattering N2 - We present initial results of our survey on grazing incidence methods which focuses on hardware, software, sample alignment and instrument calibration. We illustrate both sample alignment and sample-to-detector distance calibration with data recorded at the MOUSE and conclude with promising results from our Bayesian beam optimization procedure based on Gaussian Process regression. T2 - XIX edition of the International Small-Angle Scattering Conference (SAS2024) CY - Taipei, Taiwan DA - 04.11.2024 KW - Standardisation KW - Grazing incidence KW - Sample alignment KW - Instrument calibration PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62775 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Z. A1 - Perez, J. P. H. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Blukis, R. A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Stammeier, J. A. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Smith, A. J. A1 - Benning, L. G. T1 - Impact of organic phosphates on the structure and composition of short-range ordered iron nanophases N2 - Organic phosphates (OP) are important nutrient components for living cells in natural environments, where they readily interact with ubiquitous iron phases such as hydrous ferric oxide, ferrihydrite (FHY). FHY partakes in many key bio(geo)chemical reactions including iron-mediated carbon storage in soils, or iron-storage in living organisms. However, it is still unknown how OP affects the formation, structure and properties of FHY. Here, we document how β-glycerophosphate (GP), a model OP ligand, affects the structure and properties of GP–FHY nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation at variable nominal molar P/Fe ratios (0.01 to 0.5). All GP–FHY precipitates were characterized by a maximum solid P/Fe ratio of 0.22, irrespective of the nominal P/Fe ratio. With increasing nominal P/Fe ratio, the specific surface area of the GP–FHY precipitates decreased sharply from 290 to 3 m2 g−1, accompanied by the collapse of their pore structure. The Fe–P local bonding environment gradually transitioned from a bidentate binuclear geometry at low P/Fe ratios to monodentate mononuclear geometry at high P/Fe ratios. This transition was accompanied by a decrease in coordination number of edge-sharing Fe polyhedra, and the loss of the corner-sharing Fe polyhedra. We show that Fe(III) polymerization is impeded by GP, and that the GP–FHY structure is highly dependent on the P/Fe ratio. We discuss the role that natural OP-bearing Fe(III) nanophases have in biogeochemical reactions between Fe–P and C species in aquatic systems. KW - Organic phosphates KW - Iron nanophases KW - Scattering KW - Diffraction KW - Nanomaterials KW - Coprecipitation KW - Carbon storage PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-599399 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3na01045g SN - 2516-0230 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-59939 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirahara, Kenta A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Ermilova, Elena A1 - Schusterbauer, Robert A1 - Unterreiner, Andreas-Neil A1 - Hertwig, Andreas T1 - A multi-method study of femtosecond laser modification and ablation of amorphous hydrogenated carbon coatings N2 - e present a study on femtosecond laser treatment of amorphous hydrogen-containing carbon coatings (a-C:H). The coatings were deposited on silicon wafers by a plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PA-CVD), resulting in two different types of material with distinct properties (referred to as “absorbing” and “semi-transparent” coatings in the following). The samples were laser-treated with single fs-laser pulses (800 nm center wavelength, 35 fs pulse duration) in the ablative regime. Through a multi-method approach using topometry, Raman spectroscopy, and spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry, we can identify zones and thresholds of diferent fuence dependent efects and have access to the local dielectric function. The two coating materials react signifcantly diferent upon laser treatment. We determined the (non-ablative) modifcation threshold fuence for the absorbing coating as 3.6 × 10−2 Jcm−2 and its ablation threshold as 0.22 Jcm−2. The semi-transparent coating does not show such a low-fuence modifcation but exhibits a characteristic interference-based intra-flm ablation mechanism with two distinguishable ablation thresholds at 0.25 and 0.28 Jcm−2, respectively. The combination of tailored layer materials and correlative imaging spectroscopic methods delivers new insights into the behaviour of materials when treated with ultrashort-pulse laser radiation KW - Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Coatings KW - Correlative Imaging Measurement Techniques KW - Hybrid Metrology KW - Imaging Spectroscopy KW - Spectroscopic Ellipsometry KW - Ultra-short Pulse Laser Materials Processing PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-617829 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-024-07980-z VL - 130 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-61782 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri T1 - Identification of toxicologically relevant functional groups on micro- and nanoplastic particles’ surface by means of X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy N2 - Microplastic and nanoplastic particles (MNP) are spread all over the world in various types, shapes and sizes making it very challenging to accurately analyse them. Each sampling procedure, sample preparation method and detection technique needs suitable reference materials to validate the method for accurate results. Furthermore, the effects of these MNPs should be evaluated by risk and hazard assessment with test particles close to reality. To better understand MNP behavior and aid in clarification of their interactions with organisms, we produced several MNP materials by top-down procedure and characterized their properties. Since surface properties mostly determine particles’ toxicity, the aim of the present study was to determine which functional groups are present on MNPs and how the surface can be affected by the production process and particle’s environment. T2 - SETAC 34th Meeting CY - Seville, Spain DA - 05.05.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - Nanoplastics KW - Polypropylene KW - XPS KW - SEM PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60037 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinekamp, Christian A1 - Kneiske, Sönke A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Ahrens, Mike A1 - Braun, Thomas A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - A fluorolytic sol-gel route to access an amorphous Zr fluoride catalyst: A useful tool for C-F bond activation N2 - A route to a ZrF4 catalyst active in room temperature Friedel–Crafts and dehydrofluorination reactions was developed via a fluorolytic sol–gel route, which was followed by a postfluorination step using a stream of CHClF2. The behaviour of different Zr(IV) precursors in a sol–gel reaction with anhydrous isopropanol/HF solution was investigated. The subsequent post-fluorination step was optimised in its temperature ramp and confirmed the necessity of a fluorination of the generated xerogels to obtain catalytic activity. The process is discussed in the context of the analysis of the materials using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The local structure of the amorphous catalyst was elucidated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). KW - Catalysis KW - Heterogeneous catalysis KW - C-F bond activation KW - Postfluorination PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-593433 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CY01439H SN - 2044-4761 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-59343 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Zimathies, Annett A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Experimental raw data sets associated with certified reference material BAM-P114 (titanium dioxide) for comparison of nitrogen and argon sorption, available in the universal adsorption information format (AIF) N2 - These data sets serve as models for calculating the specific surface area (BET method) using gas sorption in accordance with ISO 9277. The present measurements were carried out with nitrogen at 77 Kelvin and argon at 87 Kelvin. It is recommended to use the following requirements for the molecular cross-sectional area: Nitrogen: 0.1620 nm² Argon: 0.1420 nm² Expected specific surface area for nitrogen (BET): 24 to 25 m²/g Expected specific surface area for argon (BET): 20 m²/g Titanium dioxides certified with nitrogen sorption and additionally measured with argon for research purposes were used as sample material. The resulting data sets are intended to serve as comparative data for own measurements and show the differences in sorption behaviour and evaluations between nitrogen and argon. These data are stored in the universal AIF format (adsorption information format), which allows flexible use of the data. KW - Physisorption KW - Specific surface area KW - AIF KW - Argon KW - Nitrogen PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13283291 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-60782 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Correlative physic-chemical analysis of advanced materials and BAM’s green and zero-related advanced materials activities – Benefits and challenges by examples N2 - Following points are presented: - Nanomaterials BAM, as research materials & CRMs, incl pre-standardization, automated analysis & automated synthesis - 2D-materials BAM HEurope ACCORDs approach Green Deal inspired correlative imaging based characterisation for safety profiling of 2D materials - Sample preparation @BAM , inclusion to standards - Thin Films @BAM as Reference Material Candidates, i) mesoporous, ii) HEA - Substitutional,Transition Me oxides as electrocatalysts a project @BAM - Sustainable mechanochemical reaction engineering projects @BAM. T2 - VAMAS Workshop Advanced Materials Challenges and Standardization Needs for a Greener World CY - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil DA - 25.09.2024 KW - Nanomaterials KW - Advanced materials KW - 2D materials KW - Sample preparation KW - Thin films KW - Reference materials KW - Safety KW - Automation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61404 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Božičević, Lucija A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Hildebrandt, Jana A1 - Knigge, Xenia A1 - Vrček, Valerije A1 - Peranić, Nikolina A1 - Kalcec, Nikolina A1 - Vinkovic Vrcek, Ivana T1 - Estrogenic activity of plastic nanoparticles mixture under in vitro settings N2 - The plastic value chain, central part of modern living, caused environmental pollution and bioaccumulation of plastic nanoparticles (PNPs). Their ubiquitous presence in different environmental and biological compartments has become a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. Frequently used plastic materials such as polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) have been detected in the form of PNPs in the food chain, soil, water and air, as well as in human feces and blood. In this study, we aimed to provide novel insights in endocrine disrupting properties of PNPs using in vitro estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation assay. The effects of PP-NPs, PE-NPs and PS-NPs and their mixture on T47D-KBluc cell line stably transfected with luciferase as reporter enzyme was evaluated by means of cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and ER activation. Tested dose range for PNPs was 0.001 – 10 mg/L. Both cellular uptake and cytotoxicity for all PNPs was found to be dose-dependent. Only the highest dose of PP-NPs and PE-NPs induced apoptosis and cell death, while PS-NPs were not cytotoxic in tested dose range. For tested concentrations, PP-NPs and PE-NPs showed significant agonistic activity on ER, while PS-NPs cannot be considered ER active. When, applied as mixture, PNP demonstrated additive toxicity effects compared to the effect of each individual PNPs. Additivity was also observed for ER agonistic effect of PNPs mixture according to the benchmark dose-addition modelling approach. This study provides missing science-based evidence on endocrine disrupting effects of PE-NPs, PP-NPs, PS-NPs and their mixtures and highlights the importance of considering unintentional, aggregate and combined exposure to different PNPs in risk management. KW - Risk assessment KW - Nanoplastics KW - Estrogenic activity of plastic nanoparticles PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EN00883E SN - 2051-8153 VL - 11 IS - 5 SP - 2112 EP - 2126 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-59724 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Zimathies, Annett A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Experimental raw data sets associated with certified reference material BAM-P115 (titanium dioxide) for comparison of nitrogen and argon sorption, available in the universal adsorption information format (AIF) N2 - These data sets serve as models for calculating the specific surface area (BET method) using gas sorption in accordance with ISO 9277. The present measurements were carried out with nitrogen at 77 Kelvin and argon at 87 Kelvin. It is recommended to use the following requirements for the molecular cross-sectional area: Nitrogen: 0.1620 nm² Argon: 0.1420 nm² Expected specific surface area for nitrogen (BET): 140 to 154 m²/g Expected specific surface area for argon (BET): 129 to 135 m²/g Titanium dioxides certified with nitrogen sorption and additionally measured with argon for research purposes were used as sample material. The resulting data sets are intended to serve as comparative data for own measurements and show the differences in sorption behaviour and evaluations between nitrogen and argon. These data are stored in the universal AIF format (adsorption information format), which allows flexible use of the data. KW - Physisorption KW - Specific surface area KW - AIF KW - Argon KW - Nitrogen PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269756 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-60783 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Omar, Hassan A1 - Gawek, Marcel A1 - Hertwik, Andreas A1 - Madkour, Sherif A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Investigation of the behavior of thin polymeric films including the adsorbed layer on the substrate by nano-sized relaxation spectroscopy and complementary methods N2 - Thin polymeric films are of great importance of high number of high-tech applications for instance in sensors and nanoelectronics. Form the scientific point of view thin films with thickness below 100 nm are ideal model systems to study confinement effects on its properties for instance on the molecular relaxation processes. In this contribution an overview is presented about the behavior of different systems as investigated by nanosized relaxation spectroscopy like broadband dielectric spectroscopy employing nano structured capacitors and AC chip calorimetry complimented by ellipsometry. The systems considered are PVME1, PVME/PS blends2,3 P2VP4, PBAC5 and polysulfone6. Besides the film also the adsorbed layer on the substrate prepared by a leaching approach and investigated by AFM is considered.1,4-7. For these investigationsss it is found that the adsorbed layer itself exhibits a relaxation dynamics which might be assigned either to molecular motions or to adsorptions desorption kinetics. T2 - 9. International Discussion Meeting Relaxation Complex Systems CY - Chiba, Japan DA - 12.08.2023 KW - Thin polymer films PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58103 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard T1 - The SPONGE v.1.0.0: Modeling scattering of shapes by STL input, with absolute intensities and size distribution. N2 - Simulates X-ray and Neutron scattering patterns from arbitrary shapes defined by STL files. Features: - Uses multithreading to compute a number of independent solutions, then uses the variance of the results to estimate an uncertainty on the output. - Can be launched from the command line using an excel sheet to define settings, or from a jupyter notebook. - Outputs scattering patterns in absolute units if the contrast is set. - A Gaussian size distribution is available, where the relative scaling of objects for each repetion can be varied. Recommended to be used with limited width (max. 10%) to avoid artefacts. - Writes results with settings to an archival HDF5 file. Application examples: This software has been used in several studies to date. For example, it has been used here to simulate a model scattering pattern for a cuboid shape, which was then fed forward into the McSAS3 analysis program for analyzing scattering patterns of polydisperse cuboids. A second use is here, where it was used for the modeling of flattened helices. In this paper, scattering pattern features could be matched with particular morphological changes in the structure. Lastly, this paper has an example where it was used to validate the analytical analysis model, and explore the realistic limits of application of the analytical model. KW - Software KW - Scattering pattern analysis KW - Scattering pattern simulation KW - X-ray KW - Neutron KW - Command-line interface KW - Scattering pattern KW - STL file input KW - Python KW - Arbitrary shapes PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21857130.v1 PB - Digital Science CY - Cambridge, MA, USA AN - OPUS4-56815 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Accessing radiation damage to biomolecules on the nanoscale by particle-scattering simulations N2 - Radiation damage to DNA plays a central role in radiation therapy to cure cancer. The physico-chemical and biological processes involved encompass huge time and spatial scales. To obtain a comprehensive understanding on the nano and the macro scale is a very challenging tasks for experimental techniques alone. Therefore particle-scattering simulations are often applied to complement measurements and aide their interpretation, to help in the planning of experiments, to predict their outcome and to test damage models. In the last years, powerful multipurpose particle-scattering framework based on the Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS) method, such as Geant4 and Geant4-DNA, were extended by user friendly interfaces such as TOPAS and TOPAS-nBio. This shifts their applicability from the realm of dedicated specialists to a broader range of scientists. In the present review we aim to give an overview over MCS based approaches to understand radiation interaction on a broad scale, ranging from cancerous tissue, cells and their organelles including the nucleus, mitochondria and membranes, over radiosensitizer such as metallic nanoparticles, and water with additional radical scavenger, down to isolated biomolecules in the form of DNA, RNA, proteins and DNA-protein complexes. Hereby the degradation of biomolecules by direct damage from inelastic scattering processes during the physical stage, and the indirect damage caused by radicals during the chemical stage as well as some parts of the early biological response is covered. Due to their high abundance the action of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and secondary low energy electrons (LEE) as well as prehydrated electrons are covered in additional detail. Applications in the prediction of DNA damage, DNA repair processes, cell survival and apoptosis, influence of radiosensitizer on the dose distribution within cells and their organelles, the study of linear energy transfer (LET), the relative biological effectiveness (RBE), ion beam cancer therapy, microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), the FLASH effect, and the radiation induced bystander effect are reviewed. KW - DNA KW - Protein KW - G5P KW - OH KW - Au KW - AuNP KW - Radiation KW - SSB KW - DSB KW - Beta decay KW - Brachytherapy KW - Cancer treatment KW - Clustered nanoparticles KW - DNA damage KW - Dosimetry KW - Energy deposit KW - Geant4 KW - Geant4-DNA KW - Gold Nanoparticles KW - Livermore model KW - Low energy electrons KW - MCS KW - Microdosimetry KW - Monte-Carlo simulation KW - NP KW - OH radical KW - Particle scattering KW - Penelope model KW - Proteins KW - Radiation damage KW - Radiation therapy KW - Radiationtherapy KW - Radioactive decay KW - Radiolysis KW - Radiotherapy KW - Simulation KW - TOPAS KW - TOPAS-nbio KW - Base damage KW - Base loss KW - DNA radiation damage KW - Direct damage KW - Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) KW - Dissociative electron transfer (DET) KW - Double-strand break (DSB) KW - ESCA KW - Hydrated DNA KW - Hydrated electron KW - Hydration shell KW - Hydroxyl radical KW - Indirect damage KW - Ionization KW - Ionisation KW - NAP-XPS KW - Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy KW - Net-ionization reaction KW - Prehydrated electron KW - Presolvated electron KW - Quasi-direct damage KW - ROS KW - Radical KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Single-strand break (SSB) KW - XPS KW - Xray KW - Xray photo electron spectrocopy KW - Cosolute KW - Ectoin KW - Ectoine KW - GVP KW - Gene five protein KW - Hydroxyectoine KW - Ionizing radiation damage KW - OH radical scavenger KW - Monte-Carlo simulations KW - Nanodosimetry KW - Osmolyte KW - Particle scattering simulations KW - Protein unfolding KW - Radical Scavenge KW - Radical scavenger KW - Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins KW - SAXS KW - Bio-SAXS KW - X-ray scattering KW - ssDNA KW - dsDNA KW - FLASH effect KW - Bystander effect KW - Ion beam therapy KW - Bragg peak KW - LET KW - MCNP KW - Photons KW - Electrons KW - Carbon ions KW - MRT KW - RNA KW - RBE KW - base loss KW - abasic side KW - DMSO KW - Cells PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-573240 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/accb3f SN - 2399-6528 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 042001 PB - Institute of Physics (IOP) Publishing CY - London AN - OPUS4-57324 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kolmangadi, Mohamed Aejaz T1 - Suppressed Transition and Dynamic self-asembly of ionic superdiscs in cylindrical nanochannels N2 - Liquid crystalline mesophases in nanoconfinement exhibit intriguing phase transition behaviors and relaxation dynamics. Here, we investigate the molecular mobility and electrical conductivity of a columnar ionic liquid crystal confined in self-ordered nanoporous alumina oxide membranes of pore size ranging from 180 nm down to 25 nm. We use nano-broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and calorimetry to study the dynamics and phase behavior. Calorimetric investigation reveals a complete suppression of the columnar – isotropic transition, while the plastic crystalline – columnar transition temperature decreases with inverse pore size and deviates from the Gibbs – Thomson equation. For the bulk case, BDS detects two relaxation modes in the crystalline phase, the γ relaxation and the α1 relaxation, and two relaxation modes in the columnar phase, the α2 and α3 relaxation. All relaxation modes slow down for the confined case compared to the bulk. However, a new relaxation mode reflecting the interfacial layer emerges for the 80 and 25 nm. We discuss the possible molecular origins of the different relaxation modes observed. For the bulk ILC, a clear jump of 4 orders of magnitude in the absolute values of DC conductivity occurs at the transition from the plastic crystalline to hexagonal columnar phase, for the confined ILC, this transition is smooth. DC conductivity is reduced for the confined case, except for the 25nm, where the values are similar to the bulk. T2 - APS March Meeting 2023 CY - Las Vegas, NV, USA DA - 05.03.2023 KW - Ionic Liquid crystals KW - Nanoconfinement KW - Conductivity PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57342 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krauss, S. W. A1 - Eckardt, M. A1 - Will, J. A1 - Spiecker, E. A1 - Siegel, R. A1 - Dulle, M. A1 - Schweins, R. A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Senker, J. A1 - Zobel, M. T1 - H-D-isotope effect of heavy water affecting ligand-mediated nanoparticle formation in SANS and NMR experiments N2 - An isotopic effect of normal (H2O) vs. heavy water (D2O) is well known to fundamentally affect structure and chemical properties of proteins, for instance. Here we correlate results from small angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS, SANS) with high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy to track the evolution of CdS nanoparticle size and crystallinity from aqeuous solution in presence of the organic ligand ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) at room temperature in both H2O and D2O. We provide evidence via SANS experiments that exchanging H2O by D2O impacts nanoparticle formation by changing the equilibria and dynamics of EDTA clusters in solution as investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance. The colloidal stability of the CdS nanoparticles, covered by a layer of [Cd(EDTA)]2- complexes, is significantly reduced in D2O despite the strong stabilizing effect of EDTA in suspensions of normal water. Hence, conclusions about nanoparticle formation mechanisms from D2O solutions can bare limited transferability to reactions in normal water due to isotopic effects, which thus need to be discussed for contrast match experiments. KW - General Materials Science KW - Quantum dots KW - CdS KW - Deuterium KW - X-ray scattering KW - MOUSE PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR02419A SN - 2040-3364 VL - 15 IS - 40 SP - 16413 EP - 16424 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-58294 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard T1 - Everything SAXS Part 1: Introduction, Sample Requirements and Measurement "Space" N2 - This talk for the Swiss Society for Crystallography (SSCr) workshop on SAXS will introduce scattering from various angles, focusing in particular on: - Information content of X-ray scattering experiments, three entry points… - An introduction to Fourier Transforms - Sample criteria, compatibility, and selection - Key indicators of a measurement – where is the information? - Key indicators of measurement quality - Experiment planning, the basics T2 - Topical workshop of the Swiss Society for Crystallography CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 08.09.2023 KW - X-ray scattering KW - Data stewardship KW - Measurement science KW - MOUSE KW - Holistic experiment approaches PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58235 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard T1 - Everything SAXS Part 2: Data Processing, Workflow and Pitfalls N2 - The second talk for the Swiss Society for Crystallography (SSCr) workshop on SAXS will highlight the data processing challenges, holistic experimental workflow developments, and the pitfalls. In particular, the following items will be addressed: - The importance of data processing and estimating uncertainty - A universal correction pipeline – away with the headaches, at least for this step! - Experiment planning part 2, some tips and advice to improve your corrected data. - Sample preparation, background selection, some tips and advice to improve your corrected data. - Automate for your mental well-being; electronic logbooks, measurement catalogs and workflow management software - Life on the edge: several pitfalls to avoid… T2 - Topical workshop of the Swiss Society for Crystallography CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 08.09.2023 KW - X-ray scattering KW - MOUSE KW - Data processing KW - Uncertainties KW - Pitfalls PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58236 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ermilova, Elena T1 - Imaging spectroscopic ellipsometry for investigation of energy materials and materials for nano-electronics N2 - Ellipsometry is a very powerful tool used for accurate material investigation in a wide wavelength range. It is a non-destructive and fast method. Imaging ellipsometry as a combination of optical microscopy and ellipsometry enables spatially resolved measurements when determining the layer thickness and dielectric properties of thin layers. It is known for its high polarisation sensitivity and high contrast for the surface structures. In this contribution we show the application of the imaging ellipsometry for detection of defects in energy materials and quality validation of possible reference materials for nano-electronics. Defects in wide bandgap semiconductors, in homoepitaxial SiC and heteroepitaxial GaN layers on transparent SiC substrates, can be successfully detected and classified by means of imaging ellipsometry. Correlation of imaging ellipsometry results with results from complementary techniques such as white light interference microscopy as well as atomic force microscopy contribute to understanding of surface topography and defect formation mechanisms. We discuss the potential of different methods for analysing ellipsometric map data for monitoring the defect densities. Electric properties of materials at the nanoscale can be investigated by means of scanning probe microscopy methods such as scanning microwave microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy. However, development of new robust and easy-to-use calibration methods and calibration standards is essential to increase the traceability of these methods and allow their broad application in industry. We show how imaging spectroscopic ellipsometry can be used for development and monitoring of processing quality of patterned reference samples based on indium tin oxide (ITO) layer with different thickness and conductivity. T2 - 12th Workshop on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (WSE) CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 18.09.2023 KW - Ellipsometry KW - Thin Films KW - Transparent Conductive Oxides KW - Energy materials KW - White light interference microscopy KW - Nanoelectronics KW - Wide-bandgap semiconductors PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ayerdi Gomez, A. A1 - Slachciak, Nadine A1 - Zubia Aranburu, J. A1 - Zabala, A. A1 - Aginagalde, A. A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk T1 - Improvement of the tribological performance of titanium alloy using FS-laser-induced periodic surface structures in combination with ZDDP and ionic liquid lubricant additives N2 - The performance of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surfaces was investigated in lubricated reciprocating sliding tribological tests (RSTT). Special emphasis was laid on the effect of surface nanostructures in area of contact on the respective friction and wear behaviour. These so-called laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) were produced on the titanium alloy surface upon scan processing in air by an ultrashort pulsed femtosecond (fs) laser. As lubricant served two types of base oils, a pure polyalcylene-glycol, and an SAE 0W30 oil containing only antioxidants and temperature stabilizers. Tribological tests were carried out on polished as well as LIPSS covered areas using both types of base oil. A test metrics was established, combining the additive 2-ethylhexyl-zincdithiophosphate (ZDDP) or the ionic liquid [P6,6,6,14] [DEHP] (98% purity) with the respective base oils. The test metrics also considered the orientation of motion with respect to the orientation of the structures formed on the surface. Results are presented which show that the interplay between LIPSS and the local chemistry formed by the respective additives is beneficial for the tribological behaviour of the titanium alloy. Certain combinations of base oil, additive and LIPSS reduced friction and wear significantly in the tribological contact. T2 - 64. Tribologie-Fachtagung CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 25.09.2023 KW - TiAl64V KW - 100Cr6 KW - Friction KW - Wear KW - LIPSS KW - Lubrication KW - PAG KW - Ionic liquid PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-58642 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures: mechanisms, applications, and unsolved problems N2 - Laser-induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS, ripples) are a universal phenomenon and can be generated in a contactless, single-step process on almost any type of solid upon irradiation with intense laser pulses. They represent a (quasi-)periodic modulation of the surface topography in the form of a linear grating and are typically formed in a “self-ordered” way in the focus of a laser beam. Thus, they are often accompanying laser material processing applications. The structural sizes of LIPSS typically range from several micrometers down to less than 100 nanometers – far beyond the optical diffraction limit – while their orientations exhibit a clear correlation with the local polarization direction of the laser radiation. From a theoretical point of view, a controversial debate has emerged during the last decades, whether LIPSS originate from electromagnetic effects (seeded already during the laser irradiation) – or whether they emerge from matter-reorganization processes (distinctly after the laser irradiation). From a practical point of view, however, LIPSS represent a simple and robust way for the nanostructuring of solids that allows creating a wide range of different surface functionalities featuring applications in optics, tribology, medicine, energy technologies, etc. This presentation reviews the currently existent theories of LIPSS. A focus is laid on the historic development of the fundamental ideas behind the LIPSS, their corresponding mathematical descriptions and numerical implementations, along with a comparison and critical assessment of the different approaches. Fourth generation light sources, namely short wavelength, short pulse free electron lasers (FELs) are offering new and fascinating possibilities to resolve laser-induced structure formation at surfaces on the sub-micrometer to nanometer length scale and in temporal regimes ranging from picoseconds to several nanoseconds with sub-picosecond resolution. This unique spatio-temporal resolution allows to reveal early signatures of coherent/plasmonic electromagnetic scattering effects followed by the excitation of hydrodynamic capillary waves – providing new insights to the above-mentioned debate. Finally, some unsolved scientific problems related to LIPSS are identified and the pending technological limitations are discussed. While the currently available laser and scanner technology already allows large area surface processing with rates at the m2/min level, industrial applications of LIPSS are sometimes limited by the complex interplay between the nanoscale surface topography and the specific surface chemistry. This typically manifests in difficulties to control the processing of LIPSS and in limitations to ensure the long-term stability of the created surface functions. Strategies for overcoming such limitations are outlined. T2 - Institutskolloquium des Leibniz-Instituts für Oberflächenmodifizierung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 02.02.2023 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Surface functionalization KW - Industrial applications KW - Femtosecond laser PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-56949 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omar, Hassan A1 - Hiid, Gundula A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) and its effect on the glass transition behavior in thin films N2 - The glass transition behavior of thin films of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBAC) was studied employing ellipsometry. The glass transition temperature increases with the reduction of the film thickness. This result is attributed to the formation of an adsorbed layer with a reduced mobility compared to bulk PBAC. Therefore, for the first time, the growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of PBAC was investigated, prepared by leaching samples from a 200 nm thin film which were annealed for several times at three different temperatures. The thickness of each prepared adsorbed layer was measured by multiple scans using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, an unannealed sample was measured. Comparison of the measurements of the unannealed and the annealed samples provides proof of a pre-growth regime for all annealing temperatures which was not observed for other polymers. For the lowest annealing temperature after the pre-growth stage only a growth regime with a linear time dependence is observed. For higher annealing temperatures the growth kinetics changes from a linear to a logarithmic growth regime at a critical time. At the longest annealing times the films showed signs of dewetting where segments of the adsorbed film were removed from the substrate (dewetting by desorption). The dependence of the surface roughness of the PBAC surface on annealing time also confirmed that the films annealed at highest temperatures for the longest times desorbed from the substrate. KW - Ultra thin polymer films PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-574531 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA02020G SN - 2046-2069 VL - 13 IS - 21 SP - 14473 EP - 14483 PB - RSC Publishing CY - London AN - OPUS4-57453 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fiedler, Saskia A1 - Ton-That, C. A1 - Phillips, M. R. T1 - Defect-free ZnO nanorods with high angular distribution for enhanced excitonic emission N2 - AbstractLow-temperature hydrothermal growth has emerged as a popular method for the fabrication of ZnO nanorods (NRs), increasing the functionality and utility of ZnO-based devices. In this work, we study the influence of growth time, temperature and seed layer on the dimensions and angular distribution of ZnO NRs. High-quality NRs with a crisscrossed 60° angular distribution have been grown with a 20–60 nm diameter and 600 nm length. We show that, within the ideal range of growth parameters, the growth time and temperature have no controllable influence on NR diameter and length, while the deposition method and size of the pre-growth deposited ZnO seeds affects diameter and NR angular alignment. We demonstrate advantages of using crisscross-aligned NRs over planar ZnO for the enhancement of ZnO excitonic emission by optical coupling with gold nanoparticles. These results can be readily adapted for applications that involve surface coating-mediated enhancement of both light emission and injection. KW - ZnO nanorod KW - Hydrothermal growth KW - Seed layer KW - Angular distribution KW - Cathodoluminescence KW - Luminescence enhancement PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618176 DO - https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-023-00941-x SN - 0884-2914 SN - 2044-5326 VL - 38 IS - 8 SP - 2145 EP - 2155 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61817 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kolmangadi, Mohamed Aejaz T1 - Suppressed Transition and Dynamic self-asembly of ionic superdiscs in cylindrical nanochannels N2 - Liquid crystalline mesophases in nanoconfinement exhibit intriguing phase transition behaviors and relaxation dynamics. Here, we investigate the molecular mobility and electrical conductivity of a columnar ionic liquid crystal confined in self-ordered nanoporous alumina oxide membranes of pore size ranging from 180 nm down to 25 nm. We use nano-broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and calorimetry to study the dynamics and phase behavior. Calorimetric investigation reveals a complete suppression of the columnar – isotropic transition, while the plastic crystalline – columnar transition temperature decreases with inverse pore size and deviates from the Gibbs – Thomson equation. For the bulk case, BDS detects two relaxation modes in the crystalline phase, the γ relaxation and the α1 relaxation, and two relaxation modes in the columnar phase, the α2 and α3 relaxation. All relaxation modes slow down for the confined case compared to the bulk. However, a new relaxation mode reflecting the interfacial layer emerges for the 80 and 25 nm. We discuss the possible molecular origins of the different relaxation modes observed. For the bulk ILC, a clear jump of 4 orders of magnitude in the absolute values of DC conductivity occurs at the transition from the plastic crystalline to hexagonal columnar phase, for the confined ILC, this transition is smooth. DC conductivity is reduced for the confined case, except for the 25nm, where the values are similar to the bulk. T2 - DPG Spring Meet 2023 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 26.03.2023 KW - Ionic Liquid crystals KW - Nanoconfinement KW - Conductivity PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57345 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Combined cell and nanoparticle models for TOPAS to study radiation dose enhancement by Monte-Carlo based particle scattering Simulations N2 - Dose enhancement by gold nanoparticles (AuNP) increases the biological effectiveness of radiation damage in biomolecules and tissue. To apply them effectively during cancer therapy their influence on the locally delivered dose has to be determined.[1] Hereby, the AuNP locations strongly influence the energy deposit in the nucleus, mitochondria, membrane and the cytosol of the targeted cells. To estimate these effects, particle scattering simulations are applied. In general, different approaches for modeling the AuNP and their distribution within the cell are possible. In this work, two newly developed continuous and discrete-geometric models for simulations of AuNP in cells are presented. [2] These models are applicable to simulations of internal emitters and external radiation sources. Most of the current studies on AuNP focus on external beam therapy. In contrast, we apply the presented models in Monte-Carlo particle scattering simulations to characterize the energy deposit in cell organelles by radioactive 198AuNP. They emit beta and gamma rays and are therefore considered for applications with solid tumors. Differences in local dose enhancement between randomly distributed and nucleus targeted nanoparticles are compared. Hereby nucleus targeted nanoparticels showed a strong local dose enhancement in the radio sensitive nucleus. These results are the foundation for ongoing experimental work which aims to obtain a mechanistic understanding of cell death induced by radioactive 198Au. T2 - #RSCposter 2023 CY - Online meeting DA - 28.02.2023 KW - AuNP KW - Beta decay KW - Brachytherapy KW - Cancer treatment KW - Clustered nanoparticles KW - DNA KW - DNA damage KW - Dosimetry KW - Energy deposit KW - Geant4 KW - Geant4-DNA KW - Gold Nanoparticles KW - LEE KW - Livermore model KW - Low energy electrons KW - MCS KW - Microdosimetry KW - Monte-Carlo simulation KW - NP KW - OH radical KW - Penelope model KW - Radiation damage KW - Radiation therapy KW - Radiationtherapy KW - Radiotherapy KW - Radioactive decay KW - Radiolysis KW - Simulation KW - TOPAS KW - TOPAS-nbio KW - beta particle KW - particle scattering PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57060 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra T1 - Bestimmung der Partikelgrößen-verteilung mittels Zentrifugen-Sedimentationsverfahren nach ISO 13318-2 (Küvette) N2 - Im Vortrag werden das Messprinzip einer Photozentrifuge erläutert und die Anforderungen der zugrundeliegenden Normen diskutiert. Die praktische Durchführung der Messung und insbesondere auch die vorbereitenden Arbeiten, sowie die Auswertung der Rohdaten bilden den Schwerpunkt des Vortrags. Gezeigt werden auch die Validierung sowie ein Beispiel zur regelmäßigen Verifizierung des Verfahrens. Nach Anwendungsbeispielen und Vergleichen zu Ergebnissen mit anderen Messverfahren, wird das Verfahren in einer Zusammenfassung bewertet. T2 - Seminar Rheologie und Stabilität von dispersen Systemen CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 08.05.2023 KW - CLS KW - Particle size KW - Nano PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57679 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Omar, Hassan T1 - Growth Kinetics and Molecular Mobility of the Adsorbed Layer of Poly(bisphenol-A Carbonate) (PBAC), Polysulfone (PSU), and Poly (2-Vinyl Pyridine) (P2VP) N2 - Interactions between a polymer and a substrate interface play a vital role in understanding the improvement in thin film material properties as well as serving as a model for nanocomposites. For any non-repulsive polymer-substrate interactions, polymer segments form an irreversibly adsorbed layer and show a slowdown in the glassy dynamics and thus an increase in the thermal glass transition temperature compared to the bulk-like values. The growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer obey a two-step mechanism: formation of immobilized layer with flat segmental conformations and a loosely bound layer with stretched chains pinned to the surface. Here the adsorbed layer was studied for: poly (bisphenol-A carbonate) (PBAC) and polysulfone (PSU), two bulky polymers containing a functional group (phenyl ring) in the backbone and compared to poly (2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP), where the backbone is a vinyl-derivative and the functional group (pyridine) is in the side chain. The growth kinetics for PBAC and PSU were found to deviate from the well-known mechanism, observed for polymers such as P2VP. Atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry were used for this investigation and was additionally supported by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. T2 - 11th International Conference on Times of Polymers (TOP) and Composites CY - Ischia, Italy DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Adsorbed Layer KW - Dielectric Spectroscopy KW - Atomic Force Microscopy KW - Ellipsometry KW - Growth Kinetics KW - Molecular Mobility PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57709 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures observed with extreme temporal and spatial resolution N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) have gained remarkable attention as they represent a universal phenomenon that is often accompanying laser-processing. Such LIPSS enable a plethora of different surface functionalizations for applications in the fields of optics, fluidics, tribology, or medicine. Due to the inherent multiscale nature of processes involved in LIPSS formation, their in-situ observation requires experimental techniques that combine high temporal resolution with the appropriate spatial resolution. In this respect fourth generation light sources, namely short wavelength, short pulse free electron lasers (FELs) are offering new and fascinating possibilities. This work contribution will discuss the results of scattering experiments carried at the FLASH free electron laser at DESY (Hamburg, Germany), which allowed us to resolve laser-induced structure formation at surfaces on the nm to sub-µm length scale and in temporal regimes ranging from ps to several ns with sub-ps resolution. A ps-optical pump / fs-XUV scattering probe scheme was employed to 100 nm thick laser-excited silicon films, while recording snapshots of the transmitted XUV scattering patterns at various delay times after the laser pulse impact. On timescales ranging from hundred ps until several ns almost quantitative agreement was observed between certain features of the recorded scattering patterns and predictions of the first-principles theory of J.E. Sipe and coworkers. Other scattering features appearing with a delay of ~100 ps and lasting for ~1 ns are attributed to capillary surface waves being excited at the laser-melted film material while ablation proceeds. Our superior spatio-temporal resolution experiments allow to uniquely reveal and distinguish early signatures of coherent/plasmonic electromagnetic scattering effects, separately followed by hydrodynamic matter reorganization. T2 - EMRS Spring Meeting 2023, Symposium L “Making light matter: lasers in material sciences and photonics" CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 29.05.2023 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - XUV scattering KW - Free electron laser KW - Pump-probe KW - Capillary waves PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57601 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Single Femtosecond Laser Pulse induced Amorphization, Re-crystallization and Native Oxide Removal at Silicon Wafer Surfaces N2 - Single femtosecond laser pulse induced amorphization, re-crystallization and native oxide layer removal at silicon wafer surfaces of different crystal orientation is studied via spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. T2 - 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Europe – European Quantum Electronics Conferences CY - Munich, Germany DA - 26.06.2023 KW - Femtosecond laser KW - Laser-induced amorphization KW - Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Native oxide layer PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57829 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hoell, A. T1 - On the usage of anomalous SAXS to analyzethe structure and composition of bimetallic nanoparticles and quantum dots N2 - Tailor-made nanoparticles are of increasing interest in e.g. catalysis, as sensor materials, analytical assays, or can have superior photophysical properties. A major issue concerning the preparation of high-quality and functional nanoparticles is a good control of particle size, shape, polydispersity, and composition. Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is a non-destructive method for the analysis of nanostructures in a wide variety of materials. This method allows determining averaged structural parameters on a length scale from just above atomic sizes up to several 100 nanometers such as sizes, size distributions, volume fractions, and inner surface sizes. Moreover, anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (ASAXS) exploits the anomalous dispersion of the scattering amplitudes near the X-ray absorption edges of the elements contained in the sample. These element sensitive contrast variations can be used to analyse average composition fluctuations on the nm scale. Two kinds of nanoparticles are chosen here to elaborate the advantages of ASAXS in the analysis of complex materials. A facile and efficient methodology is developed for the thermal synthesis of size-tunable, stable, and uniform bimetallic NiCu core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) for various application in catalysis. Their diameter can be tuned in a range from 6 nm to 30 nm and the Ni:Cu ratio is adjustable in a wide range from 1:1 to 30:1. The NPs are structurally characterized by a method combination of transmission electron microscopy, anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS), X-ray absorption fine structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Here, we focus on the ASAXS method and its ability to analyses nanostructure parts and their compositions at once. As a result, a NiCu alloyed core surrounded by a Ni enriched shell and an outer NiO shell was found. Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) are well known for their superior photophysical properties and enabled advancements in several key technologies of the 21st century and numerous technological applications like in photovoltaics, LED displays, photocatalysis, and biosensing. To achieve high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) and enhanced photostability the QD core needs to be passivated by a second semiconductor, which possess a larger band gap to confine the charges within the QD core. An important parameter is thereby the lattice mismatch between the core and shell. To avoid strong lattice strain, which would alter the photophysical properties, an intermediary shell can be used as a lattice adapter between the core and the outer shell leading to core/shell/shell systems. These systems have shown to possess high PLQYs combined with a strong long-term stability and can be found in modern QLED displays. ASAXS was used here to better understand the core/shell/shell structure of InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs to enable a correlation between their structural and photophysical properties. T2 - IUCr - International Union of Crystallography CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 22.08.2023 KW - ASAXS KW - Quantum dot KW - Core/shell materials KW - Safer by design PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58812 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hertwig, Andreas T1 - Ellipsometry as a production measurement tool N2 - Spectroscopic Ellipsometry is an enormously versatile measurement tool for surfaces and thin layers. We discuss the use of ellipsometry in the context of quality control in production processes of eletrconic devices. T2 - Photonics Days Berlin Brandenburg CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.10.2023 KW - Ellipsometry KW - Quality control KW - Metrology PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ermilova, Elena T1 - Multi-scale optical imaging methods for quality control of electronic devices N2 - The presentation demonstrates an application of multi-scale optical imaging methods such as spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry and white light interference microscopy for the investigation of wide-bandgap semiconductors for power electronics. The capabilities of these methods for the development of new reference calibration samples for scanning microwave microscopes (SMM) and conductive atomic force microscopes (C AFM) are discussed. T2 - Photonics Days Berlin Brandenburg 2023 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.10.2023 KW - Imaging ellipsometry KW - White light interference microscopy KW - Power electronics KW - Reference standards KW - Metrology KW - Nanoelectronics PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59838 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hertwig, Andreas T1 - Ellipsometry as a tool for electrical metrology - Referencing electrical properties of thin layers with TCO materials N2 - Ellipsometry is a highly valuable technology for bridging different measurement methods. As a fast, highly sensitive, and non-destructive optical technique with low environmental requirements, it is ideal for transporting measurement accuracy and for up-scaling measurements in the production environment. It can be used for highly precise determination of properties, material identity and correctness confirmation, as well as defect detection. Comparable, traceable, and accurate electrical measurements, especially at small scales are one of the biggest challenges in the development of the electrical and electronic devices of the future. In this project, we develop structured thin layer systems of the transparent conductive material indium tin oxide (ITO) to prove the concept of using these systems as standards for conductivity and permittivity. The layers are produced in a reactive magnetron sputtering process from raw ITO targets with additional oxidation achieved by oxygen injection. We present results of a study correlating the coating process conditions with the properties of the final layer material. We found that especially the temperature development during coating is of key importance and determines the layer properties to a large extent. We will discuss questions of homogeneity and reproducibility of the coating processes used. The finished layers undergo lithographic structuring and etching to produce patterns to serve as reference structures for scanning probe electrical measurements. TCOs have a large variety of applications. In this work we also study the usability of ITO for other purposes and investigate the stability of this material under application conditions. T2 - 12th Workshop Ellipsometry 2023 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 18.09.2023 KW - Thin Films KW - Transparent Conductive Oxides KW - Ellipsometry KW - Electrical Properties KW - Nanoelectronics PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58410 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yusenko, Kirill T1 - Reaction of high-entropy alloys with hydrogen under extreme conditions N2 - In the current study, we investigate an interaction under high-pressure high-temperature of single phase fcc-, hcp- and bcc-structured high-entropy alloys with hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen to obtain high-entropy hydrides, carbides and nitrides. Structural changes in high-entropy alloys upon compression and heating in the presence of these light elements are in the focus of our investigation. An easy route to high-entropy hydrides, carbides and nitrides will open new synthetic horizons in compositionally complex materials. Our study suggests that high-entropy alloys form high- entropy hydrides mainly with a composition close to M:H 1:1 ratio. Hydrides can be obtained under compression with hydrogen as a pressure compression medium or using hydrogen fluid as reactive agent. T2 - Intermetallics 2023 CY - Bad Staffelstein, Germany DA - 03.10.2023 KW - HEA PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58555 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Structuring of thin films by ultrashort laser pulses N2 - Modern life and global communication would not be possible without technologically tailored thin films; they are omnipresent in daily life applications. In most cases, the films are deposited entirely at the carrying substrates in a specific processing step of the device or sample. In some cases, however, removal or modification must be performed locally, i.e., site-controlled and material selective through an additional laser processing step. For that ultrashort laser pulses with durations in the femtosecond and picosecond range can provide unique advantages and capabilities in industrially scalable schemes. This article reviews the current state of the research and corresponding industrial transfer related to the structuring of thin films by ultrashort pulsed lasers. It focuses on the pertinent historic developments, reveals the relevant physical and chemical effects, explores the ultimate limits, and discusses selected industrial and scientific applications. KW - Thin films KW - Laser processing KW - Ultrashort lasers KW - Laser damage KW - Femtosecond laser ablation PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565732 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-06229-x SN - 0947-8396 SN - 1432-0630 VL - 129 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 38 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56573 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald T1 - OECD Prüfrichtlinie 125 N2 - Diese Präsentation ist eine Einführung in die OECD TG 125 zur Bestimmung der Partikelgrößen von Nanomaterialien. Es wird auf die verchiedenen Probleme der Partikelgrößenbestimmung eingegangen wie z.B. verschiedene Oberflächenschichten, Äquivalenzdurchmesser und Verteilungsfunktionen. Gleichzeitig werden die neuen Begrifflichkeiten eingeführt, die in der TG 125 definiert neu werden. T2 - BAM Akademie Digitaler Info-Tag "Nano or not Nano" CY - Online meeting DA - 16.02.2023 KW - Nano KW - Partikel KW - Größe KW - Partikeldurchmesser KW - Äquivalenzdurchmesser PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58449 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald T1 - Differentielles Mobilitäts Analyse System (DMAS) N2 - Die Bestimmung der Nanopartikelgrößen- und -formverteilung nach OECD TG 125 mit einem Differentiellen Mobilitäts Analyse System (DMAS), auch bekannt als SMPS, wird vorgestellt: - Generelles Messprinzip - Welchen Durchmesser misst die Methode? - Welche Partikel kann diese Methode messen? - Welche Informationen kann diese Methode liefern? - Wo stößt die Methode an ihre Grenzen? - Implementierung und Datenauswertung, - Reporting. Anschließend wurde eine Q&A-Session für DMAS/SMPS organisiert. T2 - BAM Akademie Digitaler Info-Tag "Nano or not Nano" CY - Online meeting DA - 16.02.2023 KW - Partikel KW - Nanopartikel KW - SMPS KW - Größenbestimmung KW - DMAS PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58450 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costache, F. A1 - Valette, S. A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Editorial: Special Issue “Dynamics and Processes at Laser-Irradiated Surfaces—A Themed Issue in Honor of the 70th Birthday of Professor Jürgen Reif” N2 - The Special Issue “Dynamics and Processes at Laser-irradiated Surfaces” is dedicated to the 70th birthday of Jürgen Reif, retired full professor, former Chair of Experimental Physics II of the Faculty of Physics of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus—Senftenberg in Germany. KW - Laser ablation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Surface functionalization KW - Femtosecond laser PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569482 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030611 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56948 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolff, M. A1 - Wonneberger, R. A1 - Freiberg, K.E. A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Giebeler, L. A1 - Koitzsch, A. A1 - Kunz, C. A1 - Weber, H. A1 - Hufenbach, J.K. A1 - Müller, F.A. A1 - Gräf, S. T1 - Formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures on Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with different chemical composition N2 - Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are amorphous metal alloys known for their unique physical and mechanical properties. In the present study, the formation of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the Zr-based BMGs Zr46Cu46Al8, Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5 (Vit105) and Zr57Cu15.4Al10Ni12.6Nb5 (Vit106) was investigated as a function of their different chemical composition. For this purpose, LIPSS were generated on the sample surfaces in an air environment by fs-laser irradiation (λ = 1025 nm, τ = 300 fs, frep = 100 kHz). The surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Moreover, the impact of LIPSS formation on the structure and chemical surface composition was analyzed before and after fs-laser irradiation by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Despite the different chemical composition of the investigated BMGs, the fs-laser irradiation resulted in almost similar properties of the generated LIPSS patterns. In the case of Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Vit105 and Vit106, the surface analysis revealed the preservation of the amorphous state of the materials during fs-laser irradiation. The study demonstrated the presence of a native oxide layer on all pristine BMGs. In addition, fs-laser irradiation results in the formation of laser-induced oxide layers of larger thickness consisting of an amorphous ZrAlCu-oxide. The precise laser-structuring of BMG surfaces on the nanoscale provides a versatile alternative to thermoplastic forming of BMG surfaces and is of particular interest for the engineering of functional material surfaces. KW - Bulk metallic glasses KW - Femtosecond laser KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Chemical analysis KW - Oxidation PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581799 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103305 SN - 2468-0230 VL - 42 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-58179 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Porta-Velilla, L. A1 - Martínez, E. A1 - Frechilla, A. A1 - Castro, M. A1 - de la Fuente, G. F. A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Angurel, L. A. T1 - Grain orientation, angle of incidence, and beam polarization effects on ultraviolet 300 ps-laser-induced nanostructures on 316L stainless steel N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) represent a unique route for functionalizing materials through the fabrication of surface nanostructures. Commercial AISI 316L stainless steel (SS316L) surfaces are laser treated by ultraviolet 300 ps laser pulses in a laser line scanning (LLS) approach. Processing parameters are optimized (pulse energy of 2.08 µJ, pulse repetition frequency of 300 kHz, and suitable laser scan and sample displacement rates) for the generation of low spatial frequency LIPSS over a large 25 × 25 mm2 area. Different angles of incidence of the laser radiation (0°, 30°, and 45°) and different linear laser beam polarizations (s and p) produce a plethora of rippled surface morphologies at distinct grains. Scanning electron microscopy and 2D Fourier transforms, together with calculations of the optical energy deposited at the treated surfaces using Sipe's first-principles electromagnetic scattering theory, are used to study and analyze in detail these surface morphologies. Combined with electron backscattering diffraction, analyses allow associating site-selectively various laser-induced-surface morphologies with the underlying crystalline grain orientation. Resulting grain orientation maps reveal a strong impact of the grain crystallographic orientation on LIPSS formation and point toward possible strategies, like multi-step processes, for improving the manufacturing of LIPSS and their areal coverage of polycrystalline technical materials. KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Steel KW - Grain orientation KW - Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) KW - Laser processing PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588929 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202300589 SN - 1863-8899 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-58892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Omar, Hassan T1 - Growth Kinetics and Molecular Mobility of the adsorbed Layer of Poly(bisphenol-A Carbonate) (PBAC), Polysulfone (PSU), and Poly (2-Vinyl Pyridine) (P2VP) N2 - Interactions between a polymer and a substrate interface play a vital role in understanding the improvement in thin film material properties as well as serving as a model for nanocomposites. For any non-repulsive polymer-substrate interactions, polymer segments form an irreversibly adsorbed layer and show a slowdown in the glassy dynamics and thus an increase in the thermal glass transition temperature compared to the bulk-like values. The growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer obey a two-step mechanism: formation of immobilized layer with flat segmental conformations and a loosely bound layer with stretched chains pinned to the surface. Here the adsorbed layer was studied for: poly (bisphenol-A carbonate) (PBAC) and polysulfone (PSU), two bulky polymers containing a functional group (phenyl ring) in the backbone and compared to poly (2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP), where the backbone is a vinyl-derivative and the functional group (pyridine) is in the side chain. The growth kinetics for PBAC and PSU were found to deviate from the well-known mechanism, observed for polymers such as P2VP. Atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry were used for this investigation and was additionally supported by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. T2 - Deutschen Physikalische Gesellschaft (DPG) Tagung CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 26.03.2023 KW - Thin films KW - Adsorbed Layer KW - Broadband dielectric spectroscopy KW - Atomic force microscopy KW - Growth Kinetics PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57282 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Probing laser-driven structure formation at extreme scales in space and time N2 - Irradiation of solid surfaces with intense ultrashort laser pulses represents a unique way of depositing energy into materials. It allows to realize states of extreme electronic excitation and/or very high temperature and pressure and to drive materials close to and beyond fundamental stability limits. As a consequence, structural changes and phase transitions often occur along unusual pathways and under strongly nonequilibrium conditions. Due to the inherent multiscale nature — both temporally and spatially—of these irreversible processes, their direct experimental observation requires techniques that combine high temporal resolution with the appropriate spatial resolution and the capability to obtain good quality data on a single pulse/event basis. In this respect, fourth-generation light sources, namely, short wavelength and short pulse free electron lasers (FELs), are offering new and fascinating possibilities. As an example, this talk will discuss the results of scattering experiments carried out at the FLASH free electron laser at DESY (Hamburg, Germany), which allowed us to resolve laser-induced structure formation at surfaces on the nanometer to submicron length scale and in temporal regimes ranging from picoseconds to several nanoseconds with sub-picosecond resolution. The current status and future perspectives in this field via exploiting the unique possibilities of these 4th-generation light sources will be discussed. T2 - Seminar, Instituto de Óptica, CSIC CY - Madrid, Spain DA - 05.10.2023 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Free electron laser (FEL) KW - Time-resolved scattering KW - Capillary waves PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58517 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk T1 - Improvement of the tribological performance of titanium alloy using FS-laser-induced periodic surface structures in combination with ZDDP and ionic liquid lubricant additives N2 - The performance of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surfaces was investigated in lubricated reciprocating sliding tribological tests (RSTT). Special emphasis was laid on the effect of surface nanostructures in area of contact on the respective friction and wear behaviour. These so-called laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) were produced on the titanium alloy surface upon scan processing in air by an ultrashort pulsed femtosecond (fs) laser. As lubricant served two types of base oils, a pure polyalcylene-glycol, and an SAE 0W30 oil containing only antioxidants and temperature stabilizers. Tribological tests were carried out on polished as well as LIPSS covered areas using both types of base oil. A test metrics was established, combining the additive 2-ethylhexyl-zincdithiophosphate (ZDDP) or the ionic liquid [P6,6,6,14] [DEHP] (98% purity) with the respective base oils. The test metrics also considered the orientation of motion with respect to the orientation of the structures formed on the surface. Results are presented which show that the interplay between LIPSS and the local chemistry formed by the respective additives is beneficial for the tribological behaviour of the titanium alloy. Certain combinations of base oil, additive and LIPSS reduced friction and wear significantly in the tribological contact. T2 - 64. Tribologie-Fachtagung CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 25.09.2023 KW - TiAl64V KW - 100Cr6 KW - Friction KW - Wear KW - LIPSS KW - Lubrication KW - PAG KW - Ionic liquid PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58641 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hering, Marcus A1 - Sievers, Jürgen A1 - Curbach, Manfred A1 - Beckmann, Birgit T1 - An Approach to Predicting the Ballistic Limit of Thin Textile-Reinforced Concrete Plates Based on Experimental Results N2 - In this article, a partial selection of experiments on enhancing the impact resistance of structural components with non-metallic, textile-reinforced concrete is discussed. The focus is on the experimental investigations in which the impact resistance of thin, textile-reinforced concrete plates is characterized. The article discusses the materials, fabrics and test setup used. For the experimental work, a drop tower from the Otto Mohr Laboratory, which belongs to the Technische Universtät Dresden, was used. Furthermore, the experimental results are presented and evaluated using different methods. Based on the collected data, a suitable approach to determining the perforation velocity of an impactor through the investigated thin, textile-reinforced concrete plates is shown. KW - Building and Construction KW - Civil and Structural Engineering PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-586692 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092234 VL - 13 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-58669 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - François, P. T1 - ELENA Project: Creating a simplified uncertainty calculation for industrial applications N2 - In this workpackage of the ELENA project, we develop a way to express the measurement uncertainty of nanoscale determination of electrical propserties. The method developed aims to be usable for industrial contexts and described in technical documents and standards drafts. Standards and reference samples are used to make traceable measurements available for the end user. T2 - Congrès International de Metrologie CY - Lyon, France DA - 06.03.2023 KW - Nanoscale measurements KW - Electrical properties KW - Optical measurements KW - Surfaces KW - Scanning probe measurements PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57155 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra T1 - Dynamische Lichtstreuung DLS nach ISO 22412:2017 N2 - Einführung in die Partikelgrößenbestimmung von Nano-Materialien mittels Dynamischer Lichtstreuung. Normative Grundlagen (ISO 22412 und OECD TG 125); Messprinzip, Auswertealgorithmen, Informationsgehalt der Daten, Metadaten, Reporting. T2 - BAM Akademie: Info-Tage "NANO OR NOT NANO" CY - Online meeting DA - 16.02.2023 KW - DLS KW - Particle size KW - Nano PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57128 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -