TY - CONF A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Wire-Print as a Novel Sample Preparation Approach for Accurate Morphological Characterization of Constituent Particles of Graphene-Related 2D-Materials N2 - Graphene and graphene-oxide (GO) are used for instance in catalysis, biomedical applications, in inks and as composite materials. To ensure product quality and safe-by-design principles within the various application fields, the commercial material must be characterized and specified through well-known and standardized procedures. The accurate morphological characterization of 2D materials is a challenging task, requiring careful sample preparation on a substrate either as a powder or from liquid suspension. These must be isolated, homogeneously distributed, with good statistics of the counted particles. Various sample preparation approaches have been reported in the literature, e.g. electrospray, substrate surface treatment, embedding the particulate material and polishing the cross-section, or addition of ligands to the suspended nanostructures. In this study, a novel deposition procedure for graphene-related 2D materials (GR2Ms) was systematically tested for its efficacy. The quantitative analysis of the size and shape distribution of the materials was conducted using electron microscopy and was successfully tested in XPS and EDS experiments. The technique is an extension of the conventional drop-casting method and has been designated "wire-print" deposition. The result of such a wire-print deposition for a graphene-based suspension is shown in Figure, where various treatment conditions have been tested with a repetition of up to 10 times per condition, all together 86 spots on a silicon wafer of 10 mm². T2 - Graphene Week 2025 CY - Vicenza, Italy DA - 22.09.2025 KW - Graphene-related 2D materials (GR2M) KW - Sample peparation KW - Imaging KW - Electron Microscopy KW - Wire-print deposition method PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64248 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Florian, Camilo T1 - Optical thickness-profiling for fs-laserinduced superficial amorphization and oxide removal on silicon N2 - Amorphization and re-crystallization of polished silicon wafers cut in <111> and <100> orientation were studied after irradiation by single Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser pulses (790 nm, 30 fs) using optical imaging, topographic characterization, and transmission electron microscopy. Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (SIE) enabled fast data acquisition at multiple wavelengths and provided experimental data for calculating the amorphous layer thickness profiles with lateral resolution in the micrometer and vertical resolution in the nanometer range based on a thin-film layer model including the topmost native oxide. For a radially Gaussian shaped laser beam and at moderate peak laser fluences above the melting but below the ablation threshold, laterally parabolic amorphous layer profiles with maximum thicknesses of some tens of nanometers were quantitatively derived. Moreover, the threshold fluence of the native oxide removal was quantified. At laser peak fluences closely below the ablation threshold of silicon, SIE is capable to reveal even the laser-induced removal and formation of the native oxide covering the Si wafers under ambient air conditions. The accuracy of these all-optical, non-destructive SIE-based layer thickness assessments is verified experimentally through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX). Along with topographic information obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM), a comprehensive picture of the oxide removal and superficial re-solidification of silicon after local melting by femtosecond laser pulses can be drawn. T2 - E-MRS Spring Meeting 2025 CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Femtosecond laser KW - Laser-induced amorphization KW - Native oxide layer KW - Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry KW - Transmission electron microscopy PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63275 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Bacterial adhesion on ultrashort pulse laser processed surfaces ― more than size matters! N2 - Bacterial biofilms are aggregates of bacterial cells, often attached to a surface and enclosed by a self-produced extracellular matrix which confers increased stress tolerance and resistance to cleaning. Biofilm formation leads to biofouling which gives rise to high costs in numerous technical settings due to biocorrosion and biodegradation. However, biofilms can also be attractive for industrial settings such as wastewater treatment systems or for soil bioremediation processes. Hence, the control of bacterial adhesion to a surface is of major concern. Surface topography strongly influences bacterial adhesion. Therefore, one promising way to achieve bacteria-guiding surfaces lies in the contactless and aseptic large-area laser processing of technical surfaces. We used short and ultrashort pulsed laser systems to generate different surface textures, mainly high-spatial-frequency and low-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (HFSL and LFSL), on Ti, Ti-alloy, steel, and polymers (PET and PE). Pristine (polished) and laser processed samples were subjected to bacterial adhesion experiments with two different Escherichia coli strains and Staphylococcus aureus as test organisms. The bacterial strains differed in their cell wall structure (grampositive vs. gramnegative strains), in size, shape, the occurrence of cell appendages, and in their biofilm forming capabilities. Adhesion patterns were analyzed microscopically and compared regarding the respective test strain and surface topography. Our results revealed that adhesion behavior strongly depends not only on the material’s topography and chemistry, but also on the specific bacterial strain, the presence of cell appendages, and ambient growth conditions. T2 - 13th International Conference on Photoexcited Processes and Applications, ICPEPA-13 CY - Lecce, Italy DA - 14.09.2025 KW - Biofilm KW - Bacterial adhesion KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Ultrashort laser pulses PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64166 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martínez, E. A1 - Lejeune, N. A1 - Frechilla, J. A1 - Porta-Velilla, L. A1 - Forneau, E. A1 - Angurel, L. A. A1 - de la Fuente, G. F. A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Silhanek, A. V. A1 - Badía-Majós, A. T1 - Laser engineered architectures for magnetic flux manipulation on superconducting Nb thin films N2 - Custom shaped magnetic flux guiding channels have been fabricated on superconducting Nb thin films by laser nanopatterning of their surface. Preferential pathways are defined by suitable combination of imprinted anisotropic pinning domains through laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Generated by the selective energy deposition of femtosecond UV laser pulses, quasi-parallel ripple structures are formed under optimized irradiation conditions. On average, each domain is formed by grooves with a lateral period of 260–270 nm and a depth about 80 nm. By combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, magneto-optical imaging, and conductive atomic force microscopy techniques, we conclude that the boundaries of the LIPSS-covered domains play a prominent role in the magnetic flux diversion process within the film. This is confirmed by dedicated modeling of the flux dynamics, combined with the inversion of the magneto-optical signal. The created metasurfaces enable control of the flux penetration process at the microscale. KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Magnetic flux KW - Magneto-optical imaging (MOI) KW - Critical current density PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611243 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433224019287 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161214 SN - 1873-5584 (Online) SN - 0169-4332 (Print) VL - 679 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-61124 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wonneberger, R. A1 - Gräf, S. A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Wisniewski, W. A1 - Freiberg, K. A1 - Hafermann, M. A1 - Ronning, C. A1 - Müller, F. A. A1 - Undisz, A. T1 - Tracing the Formation of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) by Implanted Markers N2 - The generation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) using femtosecond lasers facilitates the engineering of material surfaces with tailored functional properties. Numerous aspects of their complex formation process are still under debate, despite intensive theoretical and experimental research in recent decades. This particularly concerns the challenge of verifying approaches based on electromagnetic effects or hydrodynamic processes by experiment. In the present study, a marker experiment is designed to conclude on the formation of LIPSS. Well-defined concentration depth profiles of 55Mn+- and 14N+-ions were generated below the polished surface of a cast Mn- and Si-free stainless steel AISI 316L using ion implantation. Before and after LIPSS generation, marker concentration depth profiles and the sample microstructure were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy techniques. It is shown that LIPSS predominantly formed by material removal through locally varying ablation. Local melting and resolidification with the redistribution of the material occurred to a lesser extent. The experimental design gives quantitative access to the modulation depth with a nanometer resolution and is a promising approach for broader studies of the interactions of laser beams and material surfaces. Tracing LIPSS formation enables to unambiguously identify governing aspects, consequently guiding the path to improved processing regarding reproducibility, periodicity, and alignment. KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Femtosecond laser processing KW - Ion implantation KW - Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) KW - Stainless steel PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-623990 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c14777 SN - 1944-8244 (Print) SN - 1944-8252 (Online) VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 2462 EP - 2468 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-62399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Laser Nanotexturierung von Metalloberflächen zur Reduktion von Reibung und Verschleiß N2 - Die Reduktion von Reibung und Verschleiß in technischen Systemen bietet ein großes Potenzial zur Reduktion von CO2-Emissionen. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert die Erzeugung und tribologische Charakterisierung von Ultrakurzpuls-generierten Nanostrukturen auf Metallen (Stahl, Titan). Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Rolle der laserinduzierten Oxidschicht im Zusammenspiel mit verschleißreduzierenden Additiven in ölbasierten Schmiermitteln gerichtet. T2 - Online Abendvortrag beim AWT Härterei- und Werkstoffkreis Bodensee der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wärmebehandlung + Werkstofftechnik e.V. CY - Online meeting DA - 16.01.2025 KW - Additive KW - Laser-induzierte periodische Nanostrukturen KW - Reibungsreduktion KW - Verschleißreduktion PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62432 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Voss, Heike T1 - Morphology and regularity of high-spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (HSFL) on titanium materials N2 - Titanium and its alloys are known to allow the straightforward laser‐based manufacturing of ordered surface nanostructures, so‐called high spatial frequency laser‐induced periodic surface structures (HSFL). These structures exhibit sub‐100 nm spatial periods – far below the optical diffraction limit. The resulting surface functionalities are usually enabled by both, topographic and chemical alterations of the nanostructured surfaces. For exploring these effects, HSFL were processed on different titanium materials (bulk, film) upon irradiation with near‐infrared ps‐laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ≈ 1 ps pulse duration) under different laser scan processing conditions. Here we extend our previous work on chemical analyses of HSFL on titanium materials towards a more detailed morphological and topographical surface characterization. For that, scanning electron and atomic force microscopic images are subjected to a regularity analysis using our self-developed ReguΛarity software. The regularity of the HSFL is assessed with respect to the influences of sample- and laser-related parameters, as well as the imaging method used. T2 - 13th International LIPSS Workshop CY - Enschede, Netherlands DA - 29.10.2025 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Titanium KW - Ultrashort laser pulses KW - Laser processing PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Laser Nanotexturierung von Metalloberflächen zur Reduktion von Reibung und Verschleiß N2 - Die Reduktion von Reibung und Verschleiß in technischen Systemen bietet ein großes Potenzial zur Reduktion von CO2-Emissionen. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert die Erzeugung und tribologische Charakterisierung von Ultrakurzpuls-generierten Nanostrukturen auf Metallen (Stahl, Titan). Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Rolle der laserinduzierten Oxidschicht im Zusammenspiel mit verschleißreduzierenden Additiven in ölbasierten Schmiermitteln gerichtet. T2 - Internationale Bodensee Fachtagung „Wärmebehandlung und Oberflächentechnik zur Verbesserung von Tribologie und Verschleissbeständigkeit" CY - Feldkirch, Austria DA - 20.03.2025 KW - Additive KW - Laser-induzierte periodische Nanostrukturen KW - Reibungsreduktion KW - Verschleißreduktion PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62757 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Generation and characterization of anisotropic nanostructures using ultrashort pulsed lasers N2 - The lecture gives an overview of the generation and characterization of anisotropic nanostructures using ultrashort pulsed laser radiation. Special attention will be paid to the phenomenon of so-called laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on various materials. One focus will be on dielectrics and the dynamics of nanostructure formation. Further examples of bulk nanostructures from the literature will be discussed. T2 - 8th UKP-Workshop: Ultrafast Laser Technology CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 08.04.2025 KW - Laser-induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) KW - Dielectrics KW - Surface Nanostructures KW - Volume Nanostructures PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62947 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Ultrafast optical probing of laser-induced formation of periodic surface nanostructures N2 - Laser-induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS, ripples) are a universal phenomenon and can be generated in a contactless, single-step process on almost any type of solid upon irradiation with intense laser pulses. They represent a (quasi-)periodic modulation of the surface topography in the form of a linear grating and are typically formed in a “self-ordered” way in the focus of a coherent laser beam. Thus, they are often accompanying laser material processing applications. The structural sizes of LIPSS typically range from several micrometers down to less than 100 nanometers – far beyond the optical diffraction limit – while their orientations exhibit a clear correlation with the local polarization direction of the laser radiation. From a theoretical point of view, a controversial debate has emerged during the last decades, whether LIPSS originate from electromagnetic effects (seeded already during the laser irradiation) – or whether they emerge from matter-reorganization processes (distinctly after the laser irradiation). From a practical point of view, however, LIPSS represent a simple and robust way for the nanostructuring of solids that allows creating a wide range of different surface functionalities featuring applications in optics, tribology, medicine, energy technologies, etc. The presentation provides an overview of current theories on LIPSS and the quest to achieve ever smaller surface nanostructures. The historical development of the fundamental ideas behind LIPSS is presented, together with experimental approaches that make it possible to distinguish between the various LIPSS formation scenarios. Time-resolved experimental methods are required to investigate the dynamics of their formation. The presentation focuses on ultrafast time-resolved optical (pump-probe) techniques that can be used for localized point measurements or microscopic imaging, utilizing the reflection, diffraction, or coherent scattering of the probe radiation at the emerging LIPSS, while simultaneously capturing information about rapid melting, ablation, and solidification phenomena. However, given the sub-micrometric spatial periods of LIPSS, their analysis using optical radiation employed in far-field techniques remained a challenge. Therefore, short wavelengths of the probe beam in the UV range or even below are required to overcome the diffraction limit imposed in the optical spectral range. Fourth-generation light sources, namely short-wavelength (XUV or X-ray) short-pulse free-electron lasers (FELs), offer new and fascinating possibilities for resolving laser-induced structure formation on surfaces in the sub-micrometer to nanometer range and in time domains from picoseconds to several nanoseconds with a resolution in the sub-picosecond regime. On laser-irradiated semiconductor surfaces, this unique spatio-temporal resolution enables the detection of early signs of coherent/plasmonic electromagnetic scattering effects, followed by the excitation of hydrodynamic capillary waves – providing new insights into the above-mentioned debate. Recent experiments at the European XFEL used fs-time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (fs-SAXS) and even fs-time-resolved grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (fs-GISAXS), combined with grazing-incidence diffraction (fs-GID), to reveal the dynamics of the formation of nanometric LIPSS on metals. T2 - CINSaT Herbstkolloquium 2025 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 05.11.2025 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Ultrashort laser pulses KW - Pump-probe measurements KW - Free-electron laser KW - Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hassenstein, Christian T1 - Robotergestützte Ultraschallprüfung von Objekten mit komplexen Geometrien N2 - Durch den Einsatz moderner digitaler Design- und Fertigungsmethoden wachsen einerseits die Komplexität von Bauteilen, andererseits der Bedarf an Informationen über deren Qualität und Zustand. Damit steigen auch die Anforderungen an die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung, die im Zuge von ZfP 4.0 automatisierte und flexible, innovative Prüfmethoden erfordert. Das gilt insbesondere für Objekte, deren Oberflächengeometrien über plane Flächen und eindimensionale Krümmungen hinausgehen. Um zu zeigen, wie eine Ultraschallprüfung von Objekten mit komplexer Oberflächengeometrie realisiert werden kann, wurde an der BAM eine roboterbasierte Demonstratoranlage entwickelt. Dabei führt ein Roboterarm einen Array-Prüfkopf in Tauchtechnik senkrecht über die Prüffläche. Die dafür erforderliche Prüfbahn kann entweder anhand der CAD-Geometrie oder mithilfe einer Punktewolke der Prüffläche, die vorab mit einem am Roboter angebrachten Laser-Profilometer erfasst wird, ermittelt werden. Zur Erhöhung der Genauigkeit werden der Lasersensor und der Ultraschallprüfkopf automatisiert mit dafür entwickelten Routinen am Roboter eingemessen. Durch bildgebende Verfahren und eine automatische Auswertung der Bilder kann die in Tauchtechnik auftretende Brechung des Schallbündels an der Prüfteiloberfläche berücksichtigt werden, was die ortsrichtige Rekonstruktion von Anzeigen aus dem Prüfteilinneren bzw. der Rückwand ermöglicht. Durch Rückführung der Anzeigen in ein gemeinsames Koordinatensystem entsteht eine 3D-Rekonstruktion des Prüfteils. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Demonstratoranlage und die angewendeten Methoden im Detail vor und nennt Anwendungsbeispiele. T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Ultraschall KW - Robotik KW - Turbinenschaufel KW - Wanddicke KW - Defekterkennung PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63417 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Voss, Heike T1 - ReguΛarity - A free software for the objective quantification of the regularity of periodic surface structures generated by femtosecond laser irradiation N2 - The precise laser-based surface structuring on the micro- and nanoscale allows to create functional properties for innovative applications, e.g., in medicine, optics and biology. Among the various types of surface structures, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are characterized by their versatility and the relatively simple manufacturing process. However, the fabrication of highly regular LIPSS patterns remains challenging. The systematic investigation of LIPSS formation, as well as of the resulting functional properties requires a precise evaluation of the surface morphology, especially with regard to periodicity and regularity. Existing quantification methods such as Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) tend to lack automation and objectivity, especially when dealing with large data sets and multi-scale structures. Although automated approaches exist with the Gini coefficient and the P³S method, their limited availability restricts a broader scientific use. We therefore introduce ReguΛarity as an innovative open-source software solution for objective, rapid and reproducible evaluation of structured surfaces concerning their regularity. In order to provide comprehensive surface morphological analysis, our software uses advanced image-processing techniques and integrates the already developed tools such as P³S method, Gini coefficient, FFT analysis, and the calculation of DLOA (Dispersion of LIPSS Orientation Angle). The software allows to evaluate any relevant image format as provided, e.g., by standard scanning electron micrographs. An intuitive PyQt5-based interface, enhanced by multi-threading capabilities, facilitates efficient data processing. Interactive features such as region-of-interest selection and plotting provide flexible adaptation to diverse applications. ReguΛarity offers a robust analysis tool that will contribute to the further development of precise laser-based surface structuring and to the optimization of the desired functional properties in both research and industry. T2 - 13th International Conference on Photoexcited Processes and Applications, ICPEPA-13 CY - Lecce, Italy DA - 14.09.2025 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Laser processing KW - Fourier transformation KW - Regularity PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64176 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rahner, E. T1 - From nightmare to numbers - A novel software tool for objective regularity analysis of LIPSS N2 - The precise laser-based surface structuring on the micro- and nanoscale allows for the creation of functional properties for innovative applications, e.g., in medicine, optics and biology. Among the various types of surface structures, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are distinguished by their versatility and the comparatively simple manufacturing process. Nevertheless, the fabrication of highly regular LIPSS patterns remains challenging. The systematic investigation of LIPSS formation, as well as of the resulting functional properties demands accurate and objective evaluation of surface morphology, especially regarding periodicity and regularity. Existing quantification methods such as Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) tend to lack automation and objectivity, especially when dealing with large data sets and multi-scale structures. Although automated approaches, such as those based on the Gini coefficient or the P³S method, have been proposed, their limited availability hinders a broader scientific use. To overcome these limitations, we introduce ReguΛarity, a novel, freely available Python-based software tool featuring a graphical user interface for automated and quantitative assessment of regularity in period and (quasi-)periodic surface patterns including LIPSS. The software processes microscopic images obtained from optical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), or atomic force microscopy (AFM), combining image segmentation with one- and two-dimensional Fourier analyses (1D-FT, 2D-FT), phase evaluation, and gradient-based orientation determination to facilitate a comprehensive regularity analysis of (quasi-)periodic surface patterns with spatial periods Λ. Regularity is quantified by the newly proposed five-dimensional regularity tuple R comprising the normalized spread of spatial periods from 2D-FT, the normalized local variation of the dominant spatial period from 1D-FT, the Gini coefficient G, the Dispersion of the LIPSS Orientation Angle (DLOA), and the mean phase deviation. The demonstration of the software’s capabilities is achieved by comparing idealized sinusoidal test patterns with SEM micrographs of fs-laser-generated LIPSS on stainless steel (AISI 316L) and aluminum alloy (AlMg5). This comparison highlights ReguΛarity’s objective differentiation between varying levels of structural regularity. The software facilitates high-throughput analysis and data-driven optimization in laser surface engineering processes. T2 - 13th International LIPSS Workshop CY - Enschede, Netherlands DA - 29.10.2025 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Surface functionalization KW - Fourier transform KW - Gini coefficient PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65047 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gräf, S. T1 - Ion marker implantation as key to understand the formation of femtosecond LIPSS on steel N2 - Ultrashort laser (fs-laser) pulses can be used to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) on different types of materials. A variety of potential applications of these grating-like LIPSS have already been demonstrated in the field of surface functionalization. Examples include structural colours (e.g. for optical effects or safety features), beneficial friction and wear reduction, modification of the wetting behaviour of surfaces, and antibacterial or cell adhesion promoting properties for medical implants. Despite decades of research, however, some aspects regarding the formation mechanism are still unclear and the subject of controversial debate. This involves the two main models of coherent electromagnetic scattering and matter reorganization, which are used for explaining aspects of LIPSS formation and phenomenology. One major issue is to quantify the actual amount of material removal during the fs-laser processing due to the lack of an independent depth reference and to visualize the so-called heat-affected zone accompanying intense fs-laser irradiation. In the present study, near-surface implantation of Mn and N ions into different material depth of Mn-free austenitic stainless steel alloy FeCrNiMo18-12-2 was used to create reference layers of a defined thickness containing the respective elements. LIPSS (type low-spatial frequency LIPSS, LSFL) were fabricated on the polished substrate surfaces in an air environment by fs-laser irradiation (λ = 1025 nm, τ = 300 fs, frep = 100 kHz, F = 1.5 J/cm2). The implanted layers subsequently served as a kind of coordinate system to assess the material removal during the formation process via cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS). Using both analysis methods enabled in particular to determine the position of peaks and valleys of the LIPSS topography in relation to the initial surface before fs-laser irradiation. This confirmed the selective ablation in the LIPSS valleys. Moreover, linking changes in the material’s microstructure, e.g., the crystallinity and near surface elemental composition before and after fs-laser treatment, gave additional insights regarding the transient cooling rates, as recently shown for NiTi alloys. T2 - 13th International LIPSS Workshop CY - Enschede, Netherlands DA - 29.10.2015 KW - Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) KW - Ion implantation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Steel KW - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64900 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Bacterial adhesion on ultrashort pulse laser processed surfaces ― more than size matters! N2 - Bacterial biofilms are aggregates of bacterial cells, often attached to a surface, and enclosed by a self-produced extracellular matrix which confers increased stress tolerance and resistance to cleaning. Biofilm formation leads to biofouling which gives rise to high costs in numerous technical settings due to biocorrosion and biodegradation. However, biofilms can also be attractive for industrial settings such as wastewater treatment systems or for soil bioremediation processes. Hence, the control of bacterial adhesion to a surface is of major concern. Surface topography strongly influences bacterial adhesion. Therefore, one promising way to achieve bacteria-guiding surfaces lies in the contactless and aseptic large-area laser processing of technical surfaces. We used short and ultrashort pulsed laser systems to generate different surface textures, mainly high-spatial-frequency and low-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (HFSL and LFSL), on Ti, Ti-alloy, steel, and polymers (PET and PE). Pristine (polished) and laser processed samples were subjected to bacterial adhesion experiments with two different Escherichia coli strains and Staphylococcus aureus as test organisms. The bacterial strains differed in their cell wall structure (grampositive vs. gramnegative strains), in size, shape, the occurrence of cell appendages, and in their biofilm forming capabilities. Adhesion patterns were analyzed microscopically and compared regarding the respective test strain and surface topography. Our results revealed that adhesion behavior strongly depends not only on the material’s topography and chemistry, but also on the specific bacterial strain, the presence of cell appendages, and ambient growth conditions. T2 - 13th International LIPSS Workshop CY - Enschede, Netherlands DA - 29.10.2025 KW - Bacterial adhesion KW - Biofilm KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Ultrashort laser pulses PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64632 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Voss, Heike T1 - Morphology and regularity of high-spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (HSFL) on titanium materials N2 - Titanium and its alloys are known to enable the straightforward laser‐based manufacturing of ordered surface nanostructures, so‐called high-spatial frequency laser‐induced periodic surface structures (HSFL). These structures exhibit sub‐100 nm spatial periods – far below the optical diffraction limit. The resulting surface functionalities are usually enabled by both, topographic and chemical alterations of the nanostructured surfaces. For exploring these effects, HSFL were processed on different titanium materials (bulk, film) upon irradiation with near‐infrared ps‐laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ≈1 ps pulse duration) under different laser scan processing conditions in normal air atmosphere. Here, we extend our previous work on chemical analyses of HSFL on titanium materials towards a more detailed large-area morphological and topographical surface characterization. For this purpose, scanning electron or atomic force microscopic images are subjected to a regularity analysis using our ReguΛarity software. The results are assessed with respect to the influences of sample- or laser-related parameters on the regularity of the HSFL. T2 - 13th International Conference on Photoexcited Processes and Applications, ICPEPA-13 CY - Lecce, Italy DA - 14.09.2025 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Laser processing KW - Ulltrashort laser pulses KW - Titanium PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64173 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gräf, S. T1 - Ion marker implantation for tracing the formation of femtosecond LIPSS on steel N2 - An ion marker experiment is conducted to investigate the formation of low spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on stainless steel surfaces upon scan-processing with femtosecond laser pulses (300 fs, 1025 nm, 100 kHz) focussed to a spot diameter of ~20 µm. Defined concentration depth profiles of 14N^+- and 55Mn^+-ions were implanted below the polished surface of a cast Mn- and Si-free stainless steel AISI 316L using an acceleration energy of 380 keV. This generated two distinct “depth-tracer-layers” ~135 nm (55Mn) and ~340 nm (14N) below the sample surface. The sample morphology and microstructure were evaluated before and after LIPSS-processing using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques in top-view and cross-sectional geometry. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) allowed to visualize the depth distribution of the marker elements, the steel constituents, and of oxygen involved through the laser processing in ambient air. These experiments revealed that the LIPSS on this metal are predominantly formed by material removal through locally varying ablation and, to a lesser extent, by local melt displacement effects prior to the re-solidification. Moreover, the processing in air leads to the formation of a less than 10 nm thick laser-induced oxide layer covering the steel surface. Our new tracer ion approach contributes to the ongoing debate on the relevance of electromagnetic or hydrodynamic effects during the formation of LIPSS. T2 - E-MRS Spring Meeting 2025 CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 26.05.2026 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Steel KW - Ion implantation KW - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) KW - Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63274 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obenlüneschloß, Jorit A1 - Boysen, Nils A1 - Rönnby, Karl A1 - Muriqi, Arbresha A1 - Hoffmann, Volker A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique A1 - Rogalla, Detlef A1 - Brokmann, Ulrike A1 - Rädlein, Edda A1 - Nolan, Michael A1 - Devi, Anjana T1 - Ein seltener mononuklearer Lithium‐Carben‐Komplex für die Atomlagenabscheidung von lithiumhaltigen Dünnschichten N2 - KurzfassungLithium ist das zentrale Element moderner Batterietechnologien, und die Herstellung von lithiumhaltigen Materialien mittels Atomlagenabscheidung (engl. Atomic Layer Deposition, ALD) bietet erhebliche Vorteile bei der Kontrolle der Schichtdicke und ‐zusammensetzung. In dieser Studie wird ein neuer mononuklearer, durch ein N‐heterocyclisches Carben (NHC) stabilisierter Lithiumkomplex, [Li(tBuNHC)(hmds)], als vielversprechender Präkursor für die ALD von lithiumhaltigen Dünnschichten vorgestellt. Die strukturelle Charakterisierung erfolgt durch den Vergleich von Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT) und Einkristall‐Röntgenbeugung (engl. Single‐Crystal X‐ray Diffraction, SC‐XRD), wobei die seltene mononukleare Struktur bestätigt wird. Thermogravimetrische Analysen (TGA) zeigen vorteilhafte thermische Eigenschaften für ALD‐Anwendungen. Die Verbindung weist einen niedrigen Schmelzpunkt, saubere Verdampfung und ermutigende Volatilitätsparameter im Vergleich zu anderen Lithium‐Präkursoren auf. ALD‐Experimente mit [Li(tBuNHC)(hmds)] und Ozon zeigen dessen Effektivität bei der Abscheidung von LiSixOy‐Filmen. Der ALD‐Prozess zeigt ein gesättigtes Wachstum pro Zyklus (engl. Growth per Cycle, GPC) von 0,95 Å. Die Zusammensetzung, analysiert mittels Rutherford‐Rückstreu‐Spektrometrie/Kernreaktionsanalyse (engl. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry/Nuclear Reaction Analysis, RBS/NRA), Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie (engl. X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS) und Glimmentladungsspektroskopie (engl. Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry, GD‐OES), bestätigt das Vorhandensein von Lithium und Silizium in den erwarteten Verhältnissen. Diese Arbeit stellt nicht nur einen neuen ALD‐Präkursor vor, sondern trägt auch zum Verständnis der Lithiumchemie bei und bietet Einblicke in die faszinierende Koordinationschemie und das thermische Verhalten von durch NHC‐Liganden stabilisierten Lithiumkomplexen. KW - Atomlagenabscheidung KW - N-heterozyklischer-Carben-(NHC)-stabilisierter Lithium-Präkursor KW - Mononuklearer Li–Carben-Komplex KW - Lithiumsilicat-Dünnfilme KW - Filmanalytik/-Charakterisierung PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-644045 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202513066 SN - 0044-8249 N1 - Es gibt eine parallele Sprachausgabe (englisch), ein Link befindet sich im Feld zugehöriger Identifikator - There is a parallel language edition (English), a link is in the field related identifier SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-64404 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obenlüneschloß, Jorit A1 - Boysen, Nils A1 - Rönnby, Karl A1 - Muriqi, Arbresha A1 - Hoffmann, Volker A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique A1 - Rogalla, Detlef A1 - Brokmann, Ulrike A1 - Rädlein, Edda A1 - Nolan, Michael A1 - Devi, Anjana T1 - Rare Mononuclear Lithium-Carbene Complex for Atomic Layer Deposition of Lithium Containing Thin Films N2 - Lithium is the core material of modern battery technologies and fabricating the lithium‐containing materials with atomic layer deposition (ALD) confers significant benefits in control of film composition and thickness. In this work, a new mononuclear N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized lithium complex, [Li(tBuNHC)(hmds)], is introduced as a promising precursor for ALD of lithium‐containing thin films. Structural characterization is performed, comparing density functional theory (DFT) and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD), confirming a rare mononuclear structure. Favorable thermal properties for ALD applications are evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The compound exhibits a low melting point, clean evaporation, and its volatility parameters are encouraging compared to other lithium precursors. ALD trials using [Li(tBuNHC)(hmds)] with ozone demonstrate its effectiveness in depositing LiSixOy films. The ALD process exhibits a saturated growth per cycle (GPC) of 0.95 Å. Compositional analysis using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/nuclear reaction analysis (RBS/NRA), X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD‐OES), confirms the presence of lithium and silicon in the expected ratios. This work not only presents a new ALD precursor but also contributes to the understanding of lithium chemistry, offering insights into the intriguing coordination chemistry and thermal behavior of lithium complexes stabilized by NHC ligands. KW - Atomic layer deposition (ALD) KW - N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands KW - Lithium ALD precursor chemistry KW - Mononuclear Li–carbene complex [Li(tBuNHC)(hmds)] KW - Li-silicate thin films (LiSixOy) KW - Thermal properties & TGA/volatility KW - Compositional analysis (RBS/NRA, XPS, GD-OES) PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643790 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202513066 SN - 1433-7851 N1 - Es gibt eine parallele Sprachausgabe (deutsch), ein Link befindet sich im Feld zugehöriger Identifikator - There is a parallel language edition (German), a link is in the field related identifier SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-64379 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Campos de Oliveira, Paula T1 - Advancing microstructural characterisation of ceramic cores for aerospace: from state-of-the-art to in-situ synchrotron X-ray computed tomography N2 - Ceramic cores are crucial for manufacturing turbine blades in aircraft engines, creating intricate cooling channels that improve engine efficiency and reduce emissions. During high-temperature casting, the cores undergo significant microstructural changes, including phase transitions, particle rearrangements, and porosity transformations, which can affect their properties and must be carefully controlled. State-of-the-art characterisation techniques for ceramic cores mostly rely on 2D methods, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. While valuable, these methods are limited in capturing the 3D complexity of the material. Advances in X-ray computed tomography (XCT) offer a more comprehensive perspective on 3D microstructures, but conventional XCT often lacks the resolution and in-situ capabilities to study microstructural evolution under casting conditions. Synchrotron XCT (SXCT) addresses these limitations, offering high spatial and temporal resolution with features down to 1 µm, enabling in-situ investigations. This study highlights the potential of SXCT, revealing previously unseen 3D microstructural features in ceramic cores, such as agglomeration, porosity evolution, surface reactions, microcracking, and particle orientation. These findings provide a more realistic view of dynamic changes during casting, advancing the understanding of core behaviour. Despite its advantages, SXCT is still rarely used in the field due to challenges such as limited access to synchrotron facilities and sample movement artifacts. Future developments, including high-temperature and vacuum compatible CT setups, could enhance this technique, leading to a better optimisation of ceramics performance. T2 - XIXth Conference of the European Ceramic Society (ECERS 2025) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 31.08.2025 KW - Synchrotron KW - X-ray Computed Tomography KW - Ceramic core KW - Aerospace KW - Microstructure PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64050 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul T1 - Morphological Analysis of Graphene Oxide by SEM and Correlative Field-Flow Fractionation Coupled with Multi-Angle Light Scattering N2 - Since the first free-standing monolayer graphene sheet was successfully prepared in 2004 [1], graphene and graphene oxide materials achieved the necessary technical readiness level to be considered for use in commercial products. Moreover, the focus has shifted from fundamental research towards expanding the applicability of graphene-related 2D materials (GR2M) and to improve their competitiveness with established materials [2]. Significant advances have been made especially in applications regarding optoelectronics, energy storage materials, chemical additives, sensor applications etc. [3]. Composite products containing graphene and functionalized graphene such as inks and dyes have shown enhanced performance regarding longevity, wettability, and can be tailored for specific purposes through dedicated functionalization. For accurate physico-chemical characterization, GR2M products in their raw form or as part of composites present challenges in terms of sample preparation, choice of analytical method and evaluation of data. For instance, in the context of imaging, these challenges encompass: (a) the selection of images magnifications being representative for all the flakes ranging in size from hundreds of nanometers to micrometers; (b) the selection of representative flakes for adequate statistics, which may involve the separation of overlapping/agglomerating flakes by segmentation; and (c) the classification of diverse morphologies such as irregularly shaped/crumpled flakes, porous flakes and particulate features present in the sample. The complexity of the analytical task has needed the introduction of specific ontology for 2D materials to identify the proper descriptors characterizing confidently the morphological features of interest. Regarding light scattering techniques such as Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS) commonly used for process control in industry as a first measure, an alternative approach would be necessary. This is in part due to the use of the standard sphere-model for 2D materials as appearing to be inappropriate, whilst a disc-shape model potentially yields more suitable results. Standardization efforts are underway to establish a baseline for accurate characterization of aimed measurands with sufficient statistics. To date, the measurement methods recommended by standardization bodies for the morphological-structural characterization of GR2M’s are AFM, Raman Spectroscopy and SEM and/or TEM. The acquisition of statistically relevant numbers of flakes for a thorough characterization using TEM and AFM is particularly time-consuming. The size distribution of graphene oxide- and graphene-containing inks was investigated by using a correlative approach coupling Centrifugal Field-Flow Fractionation (CF3) [4] with MALS. Up to now, promising results for Field-Flow Fractionation have been achieved only with respect to the separation into size classes of GO samples as well as of graphene oxide mixed with graphene by Asymmetrical Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) [5], [6]. Besides the online characterization by MALS, the eluting size fractions obtained by CF3 were also collected and subsequently measured by SEM. Successful separation into size fractions allows us to apply ensemble techniques such as MALS to samples that were previously not measurable according to best-practices. In this study, the following material sub-classes have been observed with SEM: (i) nano-graphite mixed with graphene flakes, (ii) graphene oxide few- and multi-layer flakes with diverse and highly complex morphology, and (iii) graphene oxide of well-defined size and shape with >95% single- and bilayer content were investigated. Data on the class size ranges was obtained by MALS after separation with CF3 and consideration of a disc-shape model. Significant effort was invested into the sample preparation for CF3 measurements to achieve a recovery rate of >80%, well above the recommended 70% by ISO/TS 21362:2018 for validation purposes. The material fractions collected after the CF3 measurement were separately deposited on a silicon wafer and the size results of the SEM analysis were correlated with the corresponding mean sizes obtained with MALS. T2 - Microscopy and Microanalysis 2025 CY - Salt Lake City, UTAH, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Advanced Material KW - CF3 KW - SEM KW - Morphology PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64084 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Correlative chemical imaging to reveal the nature of different commercial graphene materials N2 - Different synthesis techniques were developed which led to other graphene-related materials such as graphene oxide (GO) or elemental-doped graphene. Further chemical functionalization can enhance but also alter or reduce specific properties of the graphene. To reveal the nature of these materials a proper physico‑chemical characterization with different analytical techniques is crucial. Single-layer GO flakes provided by Graphenea (Spain) were prepared for systematic image analysis. These flakes were disposed on an alignment-marked SiO2 substrate and correlatively imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and Raman spectroscopy. The high lateral resolution and/ or extreme surface sensitivity of the mentioned techniques is necessary to explore monolayers. The ToF-SIMS images match well with the SEM and AFM images and provide information about the chemistry. With 2D Raman spectroscopy it is possible to differentiate between the number of stacked single-layer flakes. This is visualized in a 3D image. Well-defined GO flakes could be used as a reference material for imaging of graphene-like structures but also of other types of 2D materials. In addition to these monolayer GO flakes, commercial graphene-containing inks (Haydale) with a more complex morphology were also correlatively imaged. ToF-SIMS and SEM images were merged to identify the origin of different chemical fragments. The findings correlate closely with the expectation that the specific functionalizations (with fluorine and nitrogen as marker elements) are present only on the graphene flakes as presumed from the SEM images. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) supports these results, yet with a much lower sensitivity compared to ToF-SIMS. T2 - Joint Regulatory Risk Assessors Summit – Advancing Safety & Sustainability Assessments of Advanced Materials CY - Paris, France DA - 19.06.2025 KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Imaging KW - Graphene-related 2D materials KW - SEM/EDX KW - Auger electron spectroscopy KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2025 UR - https://macrame-project.eu/macrame-meetings-workshops/jointrras/#Agenda AN - OPUS4-63656 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Reliable analysis of the elemental composition of graphene oxide flakes with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) N2 - Suspensions of graphene-related 2D materials (GR2M) are broadly used for further applications like printable electronics. The reliable quantification of the composition of graphene-related 2D materials as liquid suspensions is still a challenging task, which can hinder the commercialisation of the products. Specific parameters to be measured are defined, e.g. the oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) concentration ratio, the trace metal impurities, or the functional groups present [1], but reference protocols are still missing. One of the central methods for the quantification is X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a rather expensive method. Therefore, the development of cheaper alternatives is highly desired. One attractive alternative of XPS is energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) which is usually coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This combination is one of the most widely used methods in analytical laboratories. In this contribution the results of a systematic study on the capability of SEM/EDS to reliably quantify the O/C ratio in a well-defined and well-characterized graphene oxide material [2] are presented. The robustness of the SEM/EDS results obtained at various measurement conditions (various excitation energies) is tested by comparing the results to the established XPS analysis [3], which has been carried out on the same samples. It is demonstrated that for samples prepared by drop-casting on a substrate, both surface-sensitive XPS analysis and bulk-characterising EDS result in very similar elemental composition of oxygen and carbon for thick spots. Further, the effect of untight deposited material enabling co-analysis of the (silicon) substrate, is evaluated for both methods, XPS and EDS. The last results clearly show the influence of the substrate on the analysis of the results and stressed out the importance of the sample preparation. T2 - E-MRS Spring Meeting CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Graphene oxide KW - Reliable Analysis KW - Ionic Liquid KW - Reference Material PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63336 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Liaison report from VAMAS/TWA 37 Quantitative Microstructural Analysis to ISO/TC 202 Microbeam Analysis N2 - The liaison between VAMAS/TWA 37 Quantitative Microstructural Analysis and other TWAs to ISO/TC 202 Microbeam Analysis since the last Annual Meeting of ISO/TC 202 is reported. The VAMAS/TWA 37 projects initiated in the last year and the new ones in the planing phase are highlighted with technical and organisational details. Also need for more participants in 2 projects is discussed. T2 - 32nd Plenary Meeting of ISO/TC 202 Microbeam Analysis CY - London, United Kingdom DA - 28.10.2025 KW - VAMAS KW - Quantitative microstructural analysis KW - ISO KW - Standardisation KW - Interlaboratory comparisons PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64552 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Knowledge Infrastructure supporting image-based characterisation of 2D graphene materials N2 - To better understand the relationship between image features and biological effects such as toxicity,we have developed a method combining image thresholding and pixel-wise segmentation to create annotated datasets. These datasets are used to train machine learning models and establish human–AI learning loops for material classification and structure detection. We employ deep learning architectures such as ResNet, EfficientNet, and U-Net to automate the classification and segmentation of SEM/TEM images of 2D nanomaterials, with targeted manual annotation focusing on key structures (graphene flakes, agglomerates, contaminants, etc.). This approach ensures reproducible, large-scale analysis, which is essential for studying the links between structure and biological response. Finally, our methodology aligns with OECD requirements and contributes to the Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) framework, aiming to enhance product reliability and sustainability. T2 - Joint Regulatory Risk Assessors Summit – Advancing Safety & Sustainability Assessments of Advanced Materials CY - Paris, France DA - 19.06.2025 KW - Graphene KW - 2D materials KW - Knowledge infrastructure KW - Imaging KW - Machine learning PY - 2025 UR - https://macrame-project.eu/macrame-meetings-workshops/jointrras/#Agenda AN - OPUS4-63682 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - In depth analysis of commercial functionalized graphene nanoplateles towards structure-activity relationships N2 - The analysis of commercial graphene related products from the raw material to inks is discussed and the input to structure-activity relationships. Different approaches to obtain structure-activity relationships like operando or using data mining are presented. Challenges and recommendation to obtain structure-activity relationships are given. T2 - Joint Regulator Risk Summit: Advancing Safety & Sustainability Assessments of Advanced Materials CY - Paris, France DA - 19.06.2025 KW - Functionalized graphene KW - Structure activity relationsships KW - Commercialisation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63565 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chemello, Giovanni A1 - Despotelis, Konstantinos A1 - Paton, Keith A1 - Clifford, Charles A A1 - Pollard, Andrew A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Approaches for the measurement of lateral dimensions of graphene oxide flakes using scanning electron microscopy N2 - There is a practical need, especially from the industrial community, to accurately measure the size and shape of graphene oxide (GO) flakes of commercial origin, in a reliable, simple, and unambiguous way. The sample preparation is a decisive step to obtain a homogeneous distribution of flakes on a substrate, which is suitable for image analysis. A certain level of inhomogeneity was still found but could be accepted for the purpose of this lateral size measurement study. A measurement procedure for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) including sample preparation, measurement, image analysis and reporting was developed and validated to be applied for the lateral size analysis of “real-world” 2D flakes. Samples were produced for analysis by drop casting GO dispersions onto Si/SiO2 substrates. After SEM imaging, the images were analysed using two approaches to derive size and shape parameters. The influence of different operators has been evaluated. A maximum difference of 10% for the size descriptor and 2% for shape descriptor was found for both image analysis approaches when different samples of the same source material are measured and analysed by the same operator, hence indicating variability caused by sample preparation and analysing different sample areas. When different laboratories/operators perform the image analysis on exactly the same images and same flakes, the deviation found for the size descriptor is 2% and 4.6% corresponding to the two approaches applied, while no difference in the shape descriptor is observed. KW - Graphene oxide KW - SEM KW - Lateral dimension KW - Standardisation KW - Imaging PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-625070 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/adae28 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - IOP Publishing AN - OPUS4-62507 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Madbouly, Loay Akmal A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul A1 - Stockmann, Jörg Manfred A1 - Jones, Elliot A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Comparative Elemental Analysis of Commercial Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelets Along the Production Chain With X‐Ray Photoelectron and Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy N2 - Graphene has been commercialized for over a decade, primarily in the form of suspensions and inks. In this study, we investigate the properties of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and their functionalized derivatives, incorporating fluorine or nitrogen as functional groups (FG). The analysis was conducted on three forms, that is, powders, suspensions, and inks, using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The objective of this work is to establish a rapid and comprehensive systematic approach for elemental analysis of commercial functionalized graphene, which can be used for quality control. Functionalization is employed to tailor the material's physical and chemical properties. In our study, graphene samples, functionalized with fluorine or ammonia in a plasma reactor, were investigated. Both XPS and EDX were applicable for all three forms and showed, in general, similar trends between the three forms, so that both XPS and EDX can be used for quality control of GNPs along the production chain. KW - Commercial graphene KW - Functionalized graphene KW - Graphene inks KW - SEM/EDS KW - XPS PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-625752 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7386 SN - 1096-9918 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-62575 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - John, Elisabeth A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Stockmann, Jörg Manfred A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Towards a New Reference Material—Analytical Challenges in Examining High-Entropy Alloy Thin Films N2 - A new high-entropy alloy (HEA) consisting of titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, and nickel was deposited as a thin-film on silicon substrates using magnetron sputtering from a novel segmented target composed of metal stripes. This material was explored with the goal to create a new reference material for surface analysis and evaluation of complex composite materials. The film's morphology was initially characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), followed by crystallographic analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The two-dimensional compositional homogeneity was assessed using a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The in-depth chemical composition was further analysed using ToF-SIMS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to produce thin HEA films with a homogeneous in-depth composition from a segmented target. Notably, despite the fixed composition of the target, we were able to vary the HEA's composition by exploiting inhomogeneities within the magnetrons sputter plasma. Additionally, we successfully created HEA films with significant compositional gradients. T2 - ECASIA CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Reference material KW - High-entropy alloy KW - Thin-films PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-625777 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7387 SN - 1096-9918 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-62577 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dumit, Verónica I. A1 - Furxhi, Irini A1 - Nymark, Penny A1 - Afantitis, Antreas A1 - Ammar, Ammar A1 - Amorim, Monica J. B. A1 - Antunes, Dalila A1 - Avramova, Svetlana A1 - Battistelli, Chiara L. A1 - Basei, Gianpietro A1 - Bossa, Cecilia A1 - Cimpan, Emil A1 - Cimpan, Mihaela Roxana A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri A1 - Costa, Anna A1 - Delpivo, Camilla A1 - Dusinska, Maria A1 - Fonseca, Ana Sofia A1 - Friedrichs, Steffi A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Hristozov, Danail A1 - Isigonis, Panagiotis A1 - Jeliazkova, Nina A1 - Kochev, Nikolay A1 - Kranjc, Eva A1 - Maier, Dieter A1 - Melagraki, Georgia A1 - Papadiamantis, Anastasios G. A1 - Puzyn, Tomasz A1 - Rauscher, Hubert A1 - Reilly, Katie A1 - Jiménez, Araceli Sánchez A1 - Scott‐Fordsmand, Janeck J. A1 - Shandilya, Neeraj A1 - Shin, Hyun Kil A1 - Tancheva, Gergana A1 - van Rijn, Jeaphianne P. M. A1 - Willighagen, Egon L. A1 - Wyrzykowska, Ewelina A1 - Bakker, Martine I. A1 - Drobne, Damjana A1 - Exner, Thomas E. A1 - Himly, Martin A1 - Lynch, Iseult T1 - Challenges and Future Directions in Assessing the Quality and Completeness of Advanced Materials Safety Data for Re‐Usability: A Position Paper From the Nanosafety Community N2 - Ensuring data quality, completeness, and interoperability is crucial for progressing safety research, Safe‐and‐Sustainable‐by‐Design approaches, and regulatory approval of nanoscale and advanced materials. While the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re‐usable) principles aim to promote data re‐use, they do not address data quality, essential for data re‐use for advancing sustainable and safe innovation. Effective quality assurance procedures require (meta)data to conform to community‐agreed standards. Nanosafety data offer a key reference point for developing best practices in data management for advanced materials, as their large‐scale generation coincided with the emergence of dedicated data quality criteria and concepts such as FAIR data. This work highlights frameworks, methodologies, and tools that address the challenges associated with the multidisciplinary nature of nanomaterial safety data. Existing approaches to evaluating the reliability, relevance, and completeness of data are considered in light of their potential for integration into harmonized standards and adaptation to advance material requirements. The goal here is to emphasize the importance of automated tools to reduce manual labor in making (meta)data FAIR, enabling trusted data re‐use and fostering safer, more sustainable innovation of advanced materials. Awareness and prioritization of these challenges are critical for building robust data infrastructures. KW - Advanced materials KW - Safety data KW - Re-usability KW - Nanosafety KW - SSbD KW - FAIR KW - Standardisation PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-652918 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500567 SN - 2366-7486 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-65291 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Towards Standardised Procedures for Morphology Measurement of 2D-Materials by Imaging N2 - The industry uptake of graphene-related 2D materials (GR2M) material increases, and international standardization is critical to enable commercialization. Reliable, accurate, and reproducible measurements are important due to the multiple production routes and producers of the material to maintain quality in manufacture. Several standards are under development within ISO/TC 229 ‘Nanotechnologies’, i.e. ISO/AWI TS 23879 “Structural characterization of graphene oxide flakes: thickness and lateral size measurement using AFM and SEM” or ISO DTS 23359 “Chemical characterization of graphene in powders and suspensions”, which focus on determining the dimensional and chemical properties of GR2M. Interlaboratory comparisons are required to develop best practice and understand the associated measurement uncertainties. In this contribution challenges and solutions for the accurate measurement of the lateral size of GR2M will be discussed based on the results of a recently completed interlaboratory comparison organized under the pre-standardisation platform of VAMAS (www.vamas.org/twa41/documents/2023_vamas_twa41_project13_GO_SEM.pdf). Aspects related to sample preparation, measurement conditions, and image analysis with different approaches to extract the corresponding size and shape descriptors will be presented. A discussion on the measurement uncertainty budget associated to the final result will be also included. T2 - Graphene Week 2025 CY - Vicenza, Italy DA - 22.09.2025 KW - Graphene-related 2D materials (GR2M) KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - VAMAS KW - Lateral size KW - ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64250 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eggert, Claudia A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Welcome and Introduction N2 - Nanotechnology has emerged over the past decade as a key field involving the design, characterization, production, and application of materials, structures, devices, and systems at the nanometer scale. Due to their large specific surface area and significant surface chemistry, nanomaterials offer enhanced material properties and product functionalities. However, alongside these advancements comes the potential risk to humans and the environment. The development of nanomaterials has provided new opportunities to understand matter at the nanoscale, accelerating the creation of innovative advanced materials and devices. The expertise gained in the standardization and regulation of nanomaterials, particularly in characterizing nanoparticulate matter, should be applied to other innovative advanced materials, such as (nano)composites, 2D structures, additive manufactured materials, gels, and foams. Initial guidance for the safe-and-sustainable-by-design (SSbD) development of advanced materials during the early innovation phase has been introduced by various groups and projects. Additionally, digital material passports (DMP) and digital product passports (DPP) need to be defined and implemented uniformly across Europe. In 2024, the Innovative Advanced Materials Initiative (IAM-I) was launched by European stakeholders to contribute to a "Research and Innovation ecosystem that will significantly accelerate the time-to-market of sustainable innovative advanced materials (IAMs) and associated technologies designed for a digital circular economy." Knowledge transfer is a crucial pillar of this ecosystem, and a future IAM-I Academy could be a valuable tool. Initially, it is essential to define "education & training needs to boost Europe’s competitiveness and sovereignty within the area of IAM." T2 - Nano and Beyond - What can we learn from Nano for other Innovative Advanced Materials? CY - Online meeting DA - 04.07.2025 KW - Advance Materials KW - Nanomaterials KW - IAM-I KW - SSbD KW - DMP KW - DPP PY - 2025 UR - https://www.bam-akademie.de/kursangebot/kurs/webinar-nano-and-beyond-55.html?lang=en AN - OPUS4-63690 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Advanced physico-chemical Characterisation & Correlation of Results with different Methods for GFMs N2 - An accurate characterisation of the morphological, structural, and chemical properties of nano and advanced materials is key for the understanding of the material functionality and constitutes the basis for future optimisation or even prediction of the product performance. Further, the correlation of the physical-chemical properties with results from biological testing leads to an understanding of the potential toxicological effects so that a minimisation of the materials risks becomes possible. The presentation will highlight with examples the importance of the selection of the relevant parameters/descriptors and particularly their measurement for the reliable characterisation of the morphology, structure, and chemistry of graphene-related 2D-materials (GR2M’s) [1-3]. One crucial aspect is also one of most challenging ones in the characterisation chain: the proper sample preparation, which shall be tailored to the accurate measurement of the defined analytical parameter. Practical examples of measurement of morphological descriptors of GR2M’s, such as equivalent circular diameter (ECD), minimum and maximum Feret, and aspect ratio with electron microscopy, or of the thickness with atomic force microscopy (AFM) will be showed, together with quantitative chemical characterisation with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and, newly, with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with a scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX) [4] by evaluating accurately the elemental content as the ratio of O/C and the composition of impurities. Another relevant, but challenging part of the characterisation of GR2M’s, particularly as the final products containing mostly low amounts of GR2M’s, is the analysis of homogeneity of the chemical composition by sensitive imaging methods. Examples of successful analysis with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), even if not quantitative, will be presented. T2 - Joint online Workshop: Harmonisation & Standardisation of Test Methods for Nano- and Advanced Materials CY - Paris, France DA - 19.06.2025 KW - Physico-chemical characterisation KW - Graphene-related 2D materials KW - OECD KW - Standardisation KW - GO flakes PY - 2025 UR - https://macrame-project.eu/macrame-meetings-workshops/ws_hamonisation_standardisation_2023/ AN - OPUS4-63557 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Measurement of the Lateral Size of Graphene Oxide Flakes by SEM N2 - The progress of the VAMAS interlaboratory comparison Project P13 "Lateral size of graphene oxide flakes by SEM" within the Technical Working Area 41 "Graphene and Related 2D Materials" is presented. The challenges at sample preparation on substrates for accurate measurement and image analysis as well as two different analysis approaches, containing exact guidance how to measure the main descriptors for the lateral size measurement of the imaged graphene oxide flakes with Scanning Electron Microscopy are highlighted. The size and shape distributions as measured by 17 laboratories are showed expressed in size and shape descriptors extracted from SEM images by using two proposed measurement approaches. The implementation of the results into the corresponding ISO technical specification AWI/TS 23879 is discussed and planned, in relation with the AFM part. T2 - ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies Meeting Week CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 19.05.2025 KW - Graphene oxide KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - SEM KW - Lateral size KW - VAMAS KW - ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63189 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - The next steps in the standardisation of graphene-related and other 2D materials (GR2M) N2 - The first products with graphene-related 2D material (GR2M) are on the market. In this phase trust is essential for the commercial success of these products, between the individual partners of the product value chain, and between the manufacturer and the consumer. Standards are an important tool for building this trust. The first steps have been taken in standardisation, e.g. in terminology and the characterization of raw materials. But there are still some challenges to overcome such as bringing the standards to the factory floor and real-world products. For the validation of new protocols and methods there is a need of reference data and materials. But not only the measurement should be reproducible, the whole analytical workflow from sample storage and preparation to data analysis should be reproducible. Another important issue is the establishment of credible structure-activity relationships which allows the prediction of the properties of the GR2M, but also of the biological activity including the safety for the human health and the environment. Such relationships can be used for read-across and grouping and can facilitate the regulation of the advanced materials. In addition, 2D materials beyond graphene should also be considered and can benefit from the experience from the standardisation of graphene and graphene oxide. T2 - Nanomaterials Standardization Strategy Forum - Europe - Republic of Korea CY - Online meeting DA - 08.07.2025 KW - Commercialisation KW - Product-value chain KW - Confidence building PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63731 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul T1 - Standardized Chemical Composition Analysis of Graphene Oxide Flakes with SEM/EDS and XPS Works Reliably N2 - Reliable quantification of the chemical composition of graphene-related 2D materials as powders and liquid suspensions is a challenging task. Analytical methods such as XPS, ICP-MS, TGA and FTIR are recommended to be used in ongoing projects at standardization bodies. The specific parameters to be measured are also defined, e.g. the oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) concentration ratio, the trace metal impurities, or the functional groups present [1]. In this contribution, for the first time, the results of a systematic study on the capability of SEM/EDS to reliably quantify the O/C ratio in a well-defined and well-characterized graphene oxide material [2] are presented. It is expected that the quantitative EDS analysis of light elements emitting characteristic X-ray lines below 1 keV to be provided with significantly larger measurement uncertainties than the analysis of elements with an atomic number of 11 (Na) or above [3]. The robustness of the SEM/EDS results obtained at various measurement conditions (various excitation energies) is tested by comparing the results to the established XPS analysis [4], which has been carried out on the same samples. A crucial step in sample preparation from liquid suspension with graphene oxides flakes onto a substrate for analysis with both XPS and EDS. It is demonstrated that if a closed and enough thick drop-cast deposited spot is succeeded to be deposited on a substrate, both surface-sensitive XPS analysis and bulk-characterizing EDS result in very similar elemental composition of oxygen and carbon. Hence, theoretical, expected O/C atomic ratio values for pure graphene oxide of ~0.5 [1] are achieved (with both methods), see Figure 1. Further, the effect of untight deposited material enabling co-analysis of the (silicon) substrate, is evaluated for both methods, XPS and EDS. To note that all the EDS results in this study have been quantified standardless. The effect of the variation of beam voltage on the result of the quantification of the O/C ratio is shown in Figure 2. No clear tendency is visible by varying the kV, which is a confirmation of the quality of the standardless analysis at the used EDS spectrometer. The results of this study demonstrate the reliability of the reference measurement protocol for SEM/EDS to be introduced into ISO/DTS 23359, including the dedicated sample preparation, particularly for the cases when the concentration of the GO flakes in stock liquid suspension is low. Further, also the consideration of this GO material as one of the very few available as a commercial material on the market as the very first GO reference material with regard to its morphology as well as chemical composition. Both the standard measurement procedure and the candidate reference material will immensely contribute to characterise reliably the chemical composition of graphene-related 2D materials with SEM/EDS as one of the most widely used methods in analytical laboratories. T2 - Microscopy and Microanalysis 2025 CY - Salt Lake City, UTAH, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Graphene oxide flakes KW - SEM/EDS KW - XPS KW - O/C ratio KW - Impurities PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64085 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Physical-chemical Characterization of Graphene-Related 2D Materials: Development of Approaches for Reliable Quantification N2 - An accurate characterisation of the morphological, structural, and chemical properties of nano and advanced materials is key for the understanding of the material functionality and constitutes the basis for future optimisation or even prediction of the product performance. Further, the correlation of the physical-chemical properties with results from biological testing leads to an understanding of the potential toxicological effects so that a minimisation of the materials risks becomes possible. The presentation will highlight with examples the importance of the selection of the relevant parameters/descriptors and particularly their measurement for the reliable characterisation of the morphology, structure, and chemistry of graphene-related 2D-materials (GR2M’s) [1-3]. One crucial aspect is also one of most challenging ones in the characterisation chain: the proper sample preparation, which shall be tailored to the accurate measurement of the defined analytical parameter. Practical examples of measurement of morphological descriptors of GR2M’s, such as equivalent circular diameter (ECD), minimum and maximum Feret, and aspect ratio with electron microscopy, or of the thickness with atomic force microscopy (AFM) will be showed, together with quantitative chemical characterisation with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and, newly, with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with a scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX) [4] by evaluating accurately the elemental content as the ratio of O/C and the composition of impurities. Another relevant, but challenging part of the characterisation of GR2M’s, particularly as the final products containing mostly low amounts of GR2M’s, is the analysis of homogeneity of the chemical composition by sensitive imaging methods. Examples of successful analysis with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), even if not quantitative, will be showed. T2 - SaferWorldbyDesign Webinars CY - Online meeting DA - 25.03.2025 KW - Graphene-related 2D materials KW - Standardisation KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - Physico-chemical characterisation PY - 2025 UR - https://saferworldbydesign.com/webinars/ AN - OPUS4-62791 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Quantitative EDS analysis on graphene related 2D materials N2 - The elemental analysis of solid matter by means of the Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) is meanwhile posible as a quick (seconds!) and more and more accurate analysis via standardsless (instantaneous) quantification. The sensitivity & quantification accuracy for light elements (C, O,..) has significantly increased in the recent years. The availability via table-top SEMs with incorporated EDS is also enhanced. Further, the EDS analysis at an SEM is well-standardized, see ISO/TC 202 Microbeam Analysis & VAMAS/ TWA 37 Quantitative Microstructural Analysis in good liaisonships with ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies. It is demostrated that key parameters such as oxygen-to-carbon atomic-% ratio and impurities can be realibly measured, with XPS as a reference method. Various EDS spectrometers and analysis conditions are tested and the validity of the EDS quantification of an ionic liquid of well-defined chemical composition is demonstrated. Next steps are to launch a corresponding VAMAS interlaboratory comparison and to discuss within ISO/TC 229 towards inclusion of EDS as a routine method for the elemental analysis of GR2M into the ISO/TS 23359 Nanotechnologies — Chemical characterization of GR2Ms in powders and suspensions. T2 - Annual Microscopy Community Meeting for the National Research Council in Canada CY - Online meeting DA - 18.11.2025 KW - Graphene-related 2D materials (GR2M) KW - Elemental analysis KW - Light elements KW - SEM/EDS KW - Standardisation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64766 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Bridging Structure and Electronic State: Real-time XES–XRD Fusion for Functional Alloys N2 - We present a unified X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) approach for real-time, in situ characterization of materials, demonstrated on Co₂FeSi Heusler alloys under varied heat treatments. The combination of XES and XRD is particularly well-suited to Heusler alloys, where subtle changes in atomic ordering and electronic structure (e.g. site occupancy, hybridization, and spin state) are tightly interdependent and critical for their magnetic and transport properties. In addition, this method enables more efficient materials design by reducing experimental iterations through comprehensive structural and electronic analysis. Developed at the mySpot beamline at BESSY-II, the platform integrates (a) digital twin-based experiment planning, (b) open-source XES spectral simulations, (c) an optimized single-shot, two-element XES setup with sub-pixel resolution for enhanced energy precision, and (d) result-driven beamtime utilization. With an unprecedented synchronized XES-XRD platform, we aim to shed light on how diffusion-controlled processes in Heusler alloys and double perovskites at elevated temperatures establish the formation of specific phases with distinct structure types in real time. This, in turn, strongly impacts the functional properties of the materials under scrutiny. T2 - XLIV Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale CY - Ulm, Germany DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Multimodal KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Functional alloys PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bernardino, Carolina T1 - Effortless Antimicrobial Shield: Spray-coated Silica Nanoparticles For Safer High-touch Surfaces N2 - Functional films with tailored interfacial properties play a pivotal role for the development of next generation surface coatings, particularly in healthcare-related environments. In this contribution, we present a facile spray-coating method for the creation of antimicrobial thin films on high-touch surfaces using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) that were specifically functionalized to enable strong adhesion and sustained release of metal-based antimicrobial agents. The process is scalable and addresses key challenges in adhesion control, film homogeneity, and long-term antimicrobial function against a large range of key pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections. Three distinct types of MSNs – bearing amine (MSN-NH₂), carboxy (MSN-COOH), and thiol (MSN-SH) surface groups – were synthesized to optimize both metal ion loading and interactions with polyelectrolyte-based adhesion layers. These surface modifications not only provide chemical handles for Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺ ion coordination but also modulate nanoparticle-substrate interactions and dispersion behavior during film formation. The coating architecture consists of a two-step process: first, spray deposition of polyelectrolyte primers that anchor strongly to stainless steel substrates; second, a nanoparticle layer that bonds electrostatically and chemically to the primer, forming robust films with great surface coverage. The films were characterized to assess structural integrity, adhesion, and functional performance. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N₂ sorption analysis confirmed the mesoporous structure. ATR-FTIR and zeta potential measurements validated surface functionalization and colloidal stability. Environmental SEM revealed conformal coating across the stainless-steel surfaces with uniform nanoparticle distribution. The coating's adhesion strength was maintained through mechanical wiping and simulated wear and abrasion tests, demonstrating film durability relevant in real-world use scenarios. Antimicrobial testing under semi-dry, application-relevant conditions showed excellent performance for Ag⁺-loaded MSN-SH films, inhibiting growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. These results highlight the synergistic role of surface chemistry, metal ion loading, and film-substrate adhesion in creating effective and wear-resistant functional coatings. Moreover, these films do not show any cytotoxic properties towards Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDF). This study contributes new insights into the design of multifunctional films where adhesion, surface functionality, and scalable processing are co-optimized for enhanced performance and shows how combining tailored surface chemistry and wide-ranging antimicrobial activity brings together smart material design for practical and safe use. T2 - MRS Fall Meeting 2025 CY - Boston, MA, USA DA - 30.11.2025 KW - Mesoporous silica nanoparticles KW - Silver KW - Antimicrobial KW - Coatings KW - Thin film PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65150 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arai, Marylyn S. A1 - Brambilla, Gabriel V. A1 - Corrêa, Bruna Carolina A1 - Merízio, Leonnam G. A1 - Inada, Natalia M. A1 - de Camargo, Andrea S. S. T1 - A Dual-Mode “Turn-On” Ratiometric Luminescent Sensor Based on Upconverting Nanoparticles for Detection and Differentiation of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria N2 - Infectious bacterial diseases, intensified by antibiotic resistance, cause millions of deaths annually and pose risks beyond human health, including water and food contamination. Current diagnostics are often slow, require complex equipment, and lack specificity, highlighting the need for rapid and reliable detection methods. To address this, we developed a luminescent sensor based on NaYF4 upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) doped with Er3+ or Tm3+, coated with COOH-PEG4-COOH, and functionalized with vancomycin (Van) or polymyxin-B (Poly) to selectively target Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) served as quenchers, enabling a ratiometric “turn-on” mechanism: upon bacterial binding, the UCNP emission, initially quenched by AuNPs, was partially restored. This allowed Differentiation through changes in the green/red (G/R) ratio for Er-UCNP@PEG4-Van and the blue/red (B/R) ratio for Tm-UCNP@PEG4-Poly. The sensor distinguished between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria over a wide concentration range (0.05 to 5 × 105 CFU/mL) and showed high correlation with actual bacterial counts (r = 0.99 for S. aureus, r = 0.91 for E. coli). This platform is a potential fast, selective, and reliable tool for bacterial detection in clinical and environmental settings. KW - Lminescent sensor KW - Upconverting nanoparticles KW - Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria KW - Ratiometric luminescent sensors PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-652785 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c07006 SN - 2470-1343 VL - 10 IS - 39 SP - 46040 EP - 46050 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-65278 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arai, Marylyn Setsuko A1 - Machado, Thales Rafael A1 - da Silva, Beatriz Giacomelli Rodrigues A1 - Vilela, Raquel Riciati do Couto A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi A1 - Zucolotto, Valtencir T1 - Biomimetic Upconverting Nanoplatforms for Glioblastoma Bioimaging and Targeted Therapy N2 - Infectious bacterial diseases, intensified by antibiotic resistance, cause millions of deaths annually and pose risks beyond human health, including water and food contamination. Current diagnostics are often slow, require complex equipment, and lack specificity, highlighting the need for rapid and reliable detection methods. To address this, we developed a luminescent sensor based on NaYF4 upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) doped with Er3+ or Tm3+, coated with COOH-PEG4-COOH, and functionalized with vancomycin (Van) or polymyxin-B (Poly) to selectively target Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) served as quenchers, enabling a ratiometric “turn-on” mechanism: upon bacterial binding, the UCNP emission, initially quenched by AuNPs, was partially restored. This allowed differentiation through changes in the green/red (G/R) ratio for Er-UCNP@PEG4-Van and the blue/red (B/R) ratio for Tm-UCNP@PEG4-Poly. The sensor distinguished between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria over a wide concentration range (0.05 to 5 × 105 CFU/mL) and showed high correlation with actual bacterial counts (r = 0.99 for S. aureus, r = 0.91 for E. coli). This platform is a potential fast, selective, and reliable tool for bacterial detection in clinical and environmental settings. KW - Glioblastoma KW - Homotypic targeting KW - Cell membrane coating KW - Upconverting nanoparticles KW - Temozolamide KW - Near infrared bioimaging KW - Drug delivery PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-652808 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.5c04567 SN - 2574-0970 VL - 10 IS - 39 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-65280 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea A1 - Arai, Marylyn Setsuko T1 - Upconversion nanoparticles for chemical, physical and biological sensing: from functionalization to point-of-care devices N2 - Among several applications, versatile upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) which can convert lower-energy infrared radiation into higher-energy visible or ultraviolet light, have emerged as one of the most powerful tools in the field of chemical, physical and biological sensing. The use of UCNPs in fluorescent sensors allows non-invasive, highly sensitive, and selective detection methods, which are particularly beneficial in environments requiring minimal interference and high precision for analytes that can range from metal ions to biomolecules. In this lecture, an overview and the state of the art will be given, accompanied by examples of our recent contributions to key areas such as chronic disease diagnostics, bacterial sensing, and multifunctionally responsive nanoplatforms: (1) An Enhanced Luminescence Lateral-Flow Assay (ELLA) designed for rapid (< 15 min) and early detection of acute kidney injury biomarkers in urine samples, using a commercial cell phone camera, will be presented. The platform is based on Er³⁺- and Tm³⁺-doped UCNPs whose emissions intensities are 40-fold enhanced by an Au-coated mesoporous silica shell, enabling the accurate detection of KIM-1 and NGAL biomarkers with detection limits as low as 0.23 ng/mL; (2) Also, a multifunctional nanoplatform that combines Tm³⁺-doped UCNPs with a Cu(I) complex for applications in oxygen sensing, optical thermometry, and emission colour tuning will be presented. The platform utilizes Luminescent Resonance Energy Transfer (LRET) to achieve efficient energy transfer, enabling red emission from the Cu(I) complex while allowing the use of the UCNP’s original emissions for thermometry. The dual functionality allows sensitive O2 detection and temperature measurements, with relative sensitivities of up to 1% K⁻¹; (3) The critical challenge of rapid bacterial detection and differentiation was addressed by the development of a novel UCNP-based sensor. By functionalizing UCNPs with the antibiotics - vancomycin for Gram-(+) and polymyxin-B for Gram-(-), and using Au nanoparticles as intensity quenchers, the sensor leverages a ratiometric "turn-on" mechanism for selective detection of the bacteria, through changes in the green/red (G/R) ratio for Er-UCNP@PEG4-Van, and blue/red (B/R) ratio for Tm-UCNP@PEG4-Poly. By this approach, differentiation was possible over a wide concentration range of bacteria (0.05 to 5 x 105 CFU/mL) with high correlation with actual bacterial counts (r = 0.99 for S. aureus, r = 0.91 for E. coli); (4) Recently, we have demonstrated a water dispersable ratiometric pH-nanosensor based on host-guest interaction of Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped UCNPs functionalized with b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) and a pH-responsive nitrobenzoxadiazol dye modified with adamantane (NBD-Ad). The sensor shows a ratiometric emission response (blue/red) over a pH range of 8.0 – 11.0 with high reproducibility, excellent reusability and selectivity, even in the presence of interferents. Together, the presented examples highlight the versatility and potential of UCNPs to develop novel sensors, offering measurable advances in diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and beyond. T2 - Shift2025 - Spectral shaping for biomedical and energy applications CY - Tenerife, Spain DA - 13.10.2025 KW - Upconverting nanoparticles KW - Fluorescent sensors KW - Point-of-care devices PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65282 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hallier, Dorothea C. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Dietrich, Paul M. A1 - Seitz, Harald A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Radiation damage to amino acids, peptides and DNA-binding proteins: the influence of water directly monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy N2 - Ionizing radiation damage to biomolecules plays a crucial role in radiotherapy as a cancer treatment. Among these, DNA-binding proteins are of particular interest due to their pivotal roles in shielding DNA and facilitating its repair. Hence, in this study, we present first-ever recorded data of radiation damage to a protein monitored directly with near-ambient pressure (NAP) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) under a water atmosphere. This surface sensitive technique was used to in situ damage and probe gene-V protein (G5P, a model DNA-binding protein) under wet NAP conditions and dry vacuum (UHV) conditions to determine the effect of water on the radiation response. In addition, the X-ray radiation damage to selected pure amino acids and short homopeptides was determined to better understand the variety of damage mechanisms within the complex protein. In dry samples, drastic chemical changes were detected in all biomolecules dominated by fragmentation processes. Here, the breakage of peptide bonds in the peptides and the protein are dominant. Surprisingly, hydration – despite introducing additional indirect damage pathways via water radiolysis – led to a reduction in overall radiation damage. This behaviour was attributed to hydration-dependent changes in reaction rates and respective deexcitation and damaging channels within the molecules and secondary species such as low-energy (LEE), (pre)-hydrated/(pre)-solvated electrons and radical species such as hydroxyl radicals. KW - Radiation damage KW - (Near-ambient pressure) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Ultra-high vacuum PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-647565 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cp01887k VL - 27 IS - 48 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-64756 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amiri, Hesam A1 - Nikookhesal, Aidin A1 - Murugan, Divagar A1 - Scholz, Stefan A1 - Frentzen, Michael A1 - Cao, Yuan A1 - Nickl, Philip A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Stockmann, Jörg M. A1 - Vu, Xuan-Thang A1 - Narayanan, Madaboosi S. A1 - Knoch, Joachim A1 - Ingebrandt, Sven A1 - Adeli, Mohsen A1 - Pachauri, Vivek T1 - High precision correlative analysis of dielectric behavior evolution and anisotropy in graphene oxide thin film as a function of thermal annealing parameters N2 - Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) attract keen interest from different science and technology sectors owing to their tunable material characteristics dependent on C/O ratio. Thermal annealing in different gaseous environments serves as an effective approach to manipulate the C/O ratio in graphitic lattice, making it suitable for various electronic, optical and composites applications. Despite regular use of thermal annealing, systematic studies on dielectric properties evolution in GO against different annealing parameters remain elusive. This work reports on a reliable approach that adopts a joint Raman Spectroscopy, Mueller Matrix Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (MMSE) and high-precision electrical impedance spectroscopy (HP-EIS) framework for studying the evolution of dielectric behavior and anisotropies in GO. The experimental platform involved lithography-defined GO patterns connected to metal microelectrodes and glass passivation for protection from gaseous environments during annealing and measurements using Raman, MMSE and HP-EIS. The presented study delineates the effects of annealing parameters such as temperature, heating rate, and gaseous environment on GO permittivity. Novel findings include the discovery of a direct relationship between heating rate and dielectric properties, as well as determination of vertical limitation of MMSE for permittivity distribution characterization in GO, for the first time, to be around 8 nm. KW - Thermal annealing KW - Reduced graphene oxide KW - Thin films KW - 2D materials KW - Spectroscopic ellipsometry PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-652428 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100130 SN - 2666-9781 VL - 11 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-65242 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tavernaro, Isabella A1 - Rajotte, Isabelle A1 - Thibeault, Marie-Pier A1 - Sander, Philipp C. A1 - Kodra, Oltion A1 - Lopinski, Gregory A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Johnston, Linda J. A1 - Brinkmann, Andreas A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Quantifying surface groups on aminated silica nanoparticles of different size, surface chemistry, and porosity with solution NMR, XPS, optical assays, and potentiometric titration N2 - We assessed the quantification of surface amino functional groups (FGs) for a large set of commercial and custom-made aminated silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) with sizes of 20–100 nm, prepared with different sol–gel routes, different amounts of surface amino FGs, and different porosity with four methods providing different, yet connected measurands in a bilateral study of two laboratories, BAM and NRC, with the overall aim to develop standardizable measurements for surface FG quantification. Special emphasis was dedicated to traceable quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) performed with dissolved SiO2 NPs. For the cost efficient and automatable screening of the amount of surface amino FGs done in a first step of this study, the optical fluorescamine assay and a potentiometric titration method were utilized by one partner, i.e., BAM, yielding the amount of primary amino FGs accessible for the reaction with a dye precursor and the total amount of (de)protonatable FGs. These measurements, which give estimates of the minimum and maximum number of surface amino FGs, laid the basis for quantifying the amount of amino silane molecules with chemo-selective qNMR with stepwise fine-tuned workflows, involving centrifugation, drying, weighting, dissolution, measurement, and data evaluation steps jointly performed by BAM and NRC. Data comparability and relative standard deviations (RSDs) obtained by both labs were used as quality measures for method optimization and as prerequisites to identify method-inherent limitations to be later considered for standardized measurement protocols. Additionally, the nitrogen (N) to silicon (Si) ratio in the near-surface region of the SiO2 NPs was determined by both labs using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a well established surface sensitive analytical method increasingly utilized for microparticles and nano-objects which is currently also in the focus of international standardization activities. Overall, our results underline the importance of multi-method characterization studies for quantifying FGs on NMs involving at least two expert laboratories for effectively identifying sources of uncertainty, validating analytical methods, and deriving NM structure–property relationships. KW - Advanced Materials KW - Amino Groups KW - Calibration KW - Characterization KW - Functional groups KW - Method Comparison KW - Nano Particle KW - Validation KW - XPS KW - Optical Assay KW - Quantification KW - Surface Analysis KW - Reference Materials KW - Synthesis KW - Fluorescence PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-649992 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5na00794a VL - 7 IS - 21 SP - 6888 EP - 6900 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-64999 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schusterbauer, Robert A1 - Schünemann, Pia A1 - Nickl, Philip A1 - Er, Jasmin A1 - Kämmer, Victoria A1 - Junge, Florian A1 - Fazzani, Salim A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Haag, Rainer A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen T1 - Bifunctional Reduced Graphene Oxide Derivatives for PFOA Adsorption N2 - Innovative materials are crucial for removing persistent pollutants per‐ and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) from water. Here, a novel bifunctional reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) adsorbent is developed and characterized by advanced surface sensitive methods. Compared to pristine TRGO, the functionalized TRGO shows markedly improved PFAS removal efficiency and demonstrates strong potential for water purification applications. KW - Adsorber KW - PFAS KW - HR-CS-GFMAS PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-651238 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceur.202500240 SN - 2751-4765 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-65123 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - The emp project smurfnano – Standardizing the quantification of surface functionalities, ligands, and coatings on nanomaterials N2 - For industrial applications such as medical diagnostics, drug delivery, sensing, catalysis, energy conversion and storage, opto-electronics, and information storage, meanwhile engineered nanoparticles (NPs) with various chemical compositions and surface functionalities are routinely fabricated. NP function, interaction with biological species, and environmental fate are largely determined by surface functionalities. Reliable, reproducible, and standardized surface characterization methods are therefore vital for quality control of NPs, and mandatory to meet increasing concerns regarding their safety. Also, industry, international standardization organizations, regulatory agencies, and policymakers need validated and standardized measurement methods and reference materials. These needs are addressed by the recently started European metrology project SMURFnano involving 12 partners from different National Metrology Institutes, designated institutes, and research institutes, two university groups as well as one large company and one SME producing NPs. This project as well as first results derived from the development of test and reference materials with a well characterized surface chemistry and ongoing interlaboratory comparisons will be presented. T2 - LNE Workshop CY - Paris, France DA - 04.11.2025 KW - Quality assurance KW - Fluorescence KW - Nano KW - Particle KW - Synthesis KW - Characterization KW - Advanced material KW - Surface KW - Standardization KW - Reference material KW - Functional group KW - Quantification KW - Coating KW - Automation KW - Potentiometry KW - Method KW - Validation KW - Optical assay KW - Fluram KW - qNMR KW - Comparison KW - ILC PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64725 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scholtz, Lena T1 - Standardized Measurements of Surface Functionalities on Nanoparticles N2 - Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) with various chemical compositions and surface functionalities are routinely and commonly fabricated for industrial applications such as medical diagnostics, drug delivery, sensing, catalysis, energy conversion and storage, opto-electronics, and information storage. NP function, their interaction with biological species, and also their environmental fate are largely determined by the surface functionalities of the particles. Reliable, reproducible, and standardized surface characterization methods are therefore vital for quality control of NPs, determination of their applicability, and mandatory to meet increasing concerns regarding their safety. In addition, industry as well as international standardization organizations, regulatory agencies, and policymakers need validated and standardized measurement methods and reference materials. However, methodologies for determining NP surface properties, including the amount, chemical composition, and homogeneity of surface functionalities and coatings are largely non-standardized up until now. Suitable methods for determining surface functionalities on ligand-stabilized core and core/shell NPs include advanced techniques such as traceable quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), as well as X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and simpler optical and electrochemical methods. The latter, typically less costly methods are often used by SMEs, e.g., for quality control. To validate methods, establish measurement uncertainties, test reference materials, and produce reference data, international interlaboratory comparisons (ILC) on NP surface functionalization measurements are required to provide well characterized test and reference nanomaterials including benchmark values.[1] These needs are addressed by the current European metrology project SMURFnano, involving 12 partners from different National Metrology Institutes, designated and research institutes, two university groups as well as one large company and one SME producing NPs. This project, as well as first results derived from the development of test and reference materials with a well characterized surface chemistry, and ongoing interlaboratory comparisons, will be presented. T2 - eMRS - Fall Meeting 2025 CY - Warsaw, Poland DA - 15.09.2025 KW - Nano KW - Particle KW - Silica KW - Polymer KW - Metrology KW - Quality assurance KW - Reference material KW - Surface chemistry KW - Size KW - Shape KW - Particle number concentration KW - Method KW - Optical assay KW - qNMR KW - Validation KW - Potentiometry KW - XPS PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64243 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Advanced Materials for the Energy Transition N2 - Advanced Materials are crucial for the sucess of the energy transition. 10 relevant advanced materials were chosen and their role for relevant technologies was analysed. Challenges regarding their safe and sustainable use are discussed. T2 - OECD WPMN SG Advanced Materials Teleconference CY - Online meeting DA - 30.09.2025 KW - Solar Cells KW - Advanced Carbon Materials KW - Fuel Cells KW - Batteries KW - Hydrogen Storage PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64306 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -