TY - CONF A1 - Gollwitzer, C. A1 - Marguet, S. A1 - Maurino, V. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Computation of scattering curves for particles with arbitrary shapes using Debye’s formula N2 - Small-angle scattering data from particle dispersions with narrow size distributions are usually analysed by fitting a model function to the data, which is composed of a monodisperse form factor with a size distribution and, optionally, a structure factor. For common particle shapes like solid spheres, core-shell particles, ellipsoids or rods, the form factor can be computed analytically, and several software packages are readily available which provide a compilation of form factors.1,2 Recently, highly monodisperse nanoparticles with a variety of shapes have been synthesized, e.g. cubes and bipyramids3,4 with lightly capped edges, for which analytic form factors are harder to derive. We compute an approximation to the scattering curve of arbitrary shapes by filling the shape with a quasi-random distribution of point scatterers and using Debye’s formula to get the overall scattering curve. The highly optimized debyer code is used to perform an efficient evaluation of Debye’s formula,5 which can perform the evaluation of 500,000 point scatterers in two minutes on commodity hardware. Moderate polydispersity is handled by interpolating the computed scattering curve over q from a master curve. In this way, the code is fast enough to perform data fitting of particle ensembles with moderate polydispersity for arbitrary shapes to experimental data. This work was partly funded by the 17NRM04 nPSize project of the EMPIR programme co-financed by the EMPIR participating states and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. T2 - 17th Nordic Workshop on Scattering from Soft Matter CY - Linköping, Sweden DA - 14.01.2020 KW - X-ray scattering KW - Nanoparticles KW - Particle shape KW - Modelling KW - Form factor PY - 2020 UR - http://nssm2020.se/ AN - OPUS4-50368 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mech, A. A1 - Rauscher, H. A1 - Babick, F. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Wohlleben, W. A1 - Marvin, H. A1 - Weigel, S. A1 - Brüngel, R. A1 - Friedrich, C. M. T1 - The NanoDefine Methods Manual - Part 1: The NanoDefiner Framework and Tools N2 - The present series of reports, the NanoDefine Methods Manual, has been developed within the NanoDefine project 'Development of an integrated approach based on validated and standardized methods to support the implementation of the EC recommendation for a definition of nanomaterial', funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme, under grant agreement 604347. In 2011 the European Commission (EC) published a recommendation for a definition of the term 'nanomaterial', the EC NM Definition, as a reference to determine whether an unknown material can be considered as a 'nanomaterial' for regulatory purposes1. One challenge is the development of methods that reliably identify, characterize and quantify nanomaterials (NM) both as substances and in various products and matrices. The overall goal of NanoDefine was to support the implementation of the EC NM Definition. It can also support the implementation of any NM definition based on particle size. The project has developed an integrated approach, which allows identifying any material as a nano- or not a nanomaterial according to the EC NM Definition. NanoDefine explicitly supported the governance challenges associated with the implementation of legislation concerning nanomaterials by: - addressing the issues on availability of suitable measuring techniques, reference materials, validated methods, acceptable to all stakeholders (authorities, policy makers, commercial firms), - developing an integrated and interdisciplinary approach and a close international co-operation and networking with academia, commercial firms and standardization bodies. Thus, the NanoDefine Methods Manual provides guidance on practical implementation of the EC NM Definition throughout the nanomaterial characterization process, and on the characterization techniques employed as well as their application range and limits. It assists the user in choosing the most appropriate measurement method(s) to identify any substance or mixture for a specific purpose, according to the EC NM Definition of a nanomaterial. The NanoDefine project also explored how to assess a material against the criteria of the definition through proxy solutions, i.e. by applying measurement techniques that indirectly determine the x50. Those findings were developed through empirically based scientific work and are included in Part 1 of this Manual. As they go beyond the text of the EC NM Definition, they may be used as practical approach to indicate whether a material is a nanomaterial or not, but keeping in mind that they should not be taken as recommendation for the implementation of the EC NM Definition in a regulatory context. The NanoDefine Methods Manual consists of the following three parts:  Part 1: The NanoDefiner Framework and Tools  Part 2: Evaluation of Methods  Part 3: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Part 1 covers the NanoDefiner framework, general information on measurement methods and performance criteria and tools developed by NanoDefine such as a materials categorisation system, a decision support flow scheme and an e-tool. Part 2 discusses the outcome of the evaluation of the nanomaterials characterisation methods for measuring size. Part 3 presents the 23 Standard Operating Procedures developed within the NanoDefine project. The current document is part 1. KW - Nanomaterial KW - Nanoparticles KW - NanoDefine KW - Nanoparticle size distribution KW - Nanomaterial classification KW - Framework KW - Tools PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-503699 SN - 978-92-76-11950-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.2760/55181 SN - 1831-9424 SP - 1 EP - 89 PB - Publications Office of the European Union CY - Luxembourg AN - OPUS4-50369 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mech, A. A1 - Rauscher, H. A1 - Rasmussen, K. A1 - Babick, F. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Ghanem, A. A1 - Wohlleben, W. A1 - Marvin, H. A1 - Brüngel, R. A1 - Friedrich, C. M. T1 - The NanoDefine Methods Manual - Part 2: Evaluation of methods N2 - The present series of reports, the NanoDefine Methods Manual, has been developed within the NanoDefine project 'Development of an integrated approach based on validated and standardized methods to support the implementation of the EC recommendation for a definition of nanomaterial', funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme, under grant agreement 604347. In 2011 the European Commission (EC) published a recommendation for a definition of the term 'nanomaterial', the EC NM Definition, as a reference to determine whether an unknown material can be considered as a 'nanomaterial' for regulatory purposes1. One challenge is the development of methods that reliably identify, characterize and quantify nanomaterials (NM) both as substances and in various products and matrices. The overall goal of NanoDefine was to support the implementation of the EC NM Definition. It can also support the implementation of any NM definition based on particle size. The project has developed an integrated approach, which allows identifying any material as a nano- or not a nanomaterial according to the EC NM Definition. NanoDefine explicitly supported the governance challenges associated with the implementation of legislation concerning nanomaterials by: - addressing the issues on availability of suitable measuring techniques, reference materials, validated methods, acceptable to all stakeholders (authorities, policy makers, commercial firms), - developing an integrated and interdisciplinary approach and a close international co-operation and networking with academia, commercial firms and standardization bodies. Thus, the NanoDefine Methods Manual provides guidance on practical implementation of the EC NM Definition throughout the nanomaterial characterization process, and on the characterization techniques employed as well as their application range and limits. It assists the user in choosing the most appropriate measurement method(s) to identify any substance or mixture for a specific purpose, according to the EC NM Definition of a nanomaterial. The NanoDefine project also explored how to assess a material against the criteria of the definition through proxy solutions, i.e. by applying measurement techniques that indirectly determine the x50. Those findings were developed through empirically based scientific work and are included in Part 1 of this Manual. As they go beyond the text of the EC NM Definition, they may be used as practical approach to indicate whether a material is a nanomaterial or not, but keeping in mind that they should not be taken as recommendation for the implementation of the EC NM Definition in a regulatory context. The NanoDefine Methods Manual consists of the following three parts:  Part 1: The NanoDefiner Framework and Tools  Part 2: Evaluation of Methods  Part 3: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Part 1 covers the NanoDefiner framework, general information on measurement methods and performance criteria and tools developed by NanoDefine such as a materials categorisation system, a decision support flow scheme and an e-tool. Part 2 discusses the outcome of the evaluation of the nanomaterials characterisation methods for measuring size. Part 3 presents the 23 Standard Operating Procedures developed within the NanoDefine project. The current document is part 2. KW - Nanomaterial KW - Nanoparticles KW - NanoDefine KW - Particle size distribution KW - Nanomaterial classification PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-503708 SN - 978-92-76-11953-1 DO - https://doi.org/10.2760/071877 SN - 1831-9424 VL - JRC117501 SP - 1 EP - 133 PB - Publications Office of the European Union CY - Luxembourg AN - OPUS4-50370 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mech, A. A1 - Rauscher, H. A1 - Rasmussen, K. A1 - Babick, F. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Ghanem, A. A1 - Wohlleben, W. A1 - Marvin, H. A1 - Brüngel, R. A1 - Friedrich, C. M. A1 - Löschner, K. A1 - Gilliland, D. T1 - The NanoDefine Methods Manual - Part 3: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) N2 - The present series of reports, the NanoDefine Methods Manual, has been developed within the NanoDefine project 'Development of an integrated approach based on validated and standardized methods to support the implementation of the EC recommendation for a definition of nanomaterial'1 funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme, under grant agreement 604347. In 2011 the European Commission (EC) published the recommendation (2011/696/EU) for a definition of the term 'nanomaterial'1, the EC NM Definition, as a reference to determine whether an unknown material can be considered as a 'nanomaterial' for regulatory purposes. One challenge is the development of methods that reliably identify, characterize and quantify nanomaterials (NM) both as substances and in various products and matrices. The overall goal of NanoDefine was to support the implementation of the EC NM Definition. It can also support the implementation of any NM definition based on particle size. The project has developed an integrated approach, which allows identifying any material as a nano or non-nano material according to the EC NM Definition. NanoDefine explicitly supported the governance challenges associated with the implementation of legislation concerning nanomaterials by: - addressing the issues on availability of suitable measuring techniques, reference materials, validated methods, acceptable to all - developing an integrated and interdisciplinary approach and a close international co-operation and networking with academia, commercial firms and standardization bodies. Thus, the NanoDefine Methods Manual provides guidance on practical implementation of the EC NM Definition throughout the nanomaterial characterization process, and on the characterization techniques employed as well as their application range and limits. It assists the user in choosing the most appropriate measurement method(s) to identify any substance or mixture for a specific purpose, according to the EC NM Definition of a nanomaterial. The NanoDefine project also explored how to assess a material against the criteria of the definition through proxy solutions, i.e. by applying measurement techniques that indirectly determine the D50. Those findings were developed through empirically based scientific work and are included in Part 1 of this Manual. As they go beyond the text of the EC NM Definition, they may be used as practical approach to indicate whether a material is a nanomaterial or not, but keeping in mind that they should not be taken as recommendation for the implementation of the EC NM Definition in a regulatory context. The NanoDefine Methods Manual consists of the following three parts:  Part 1: The NanoDefiner Framework and Tools  Part 2: Evaluation of Methods  Part 3: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Part 1 covers the NanoDefiner framework, general information on measurement methods and performance criteria and tools developed by NanoDefine such as a materials categorisation system, a decision support flow scheme and an e-tool. Part 2 discusses the outcome of the evaluation of the nanomaterials characterisation methods for measuring size. Part 3 presents the 23 Standard Operating Procedures developed within the NanoDefine project. The current document is part 3. KW - Nanomaterial KW - Nanoparticles KW - Particle size distribution KW - NanoDefine KW - Standard Operation Procedures KW - Nanomaterial classification KW - SOP PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-503710 SN - 978-92-76-11955-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.2760/02910 SN - 1831-9424 VL - JRC117501 SP - 1 EP - 215 PB - Publications Office of the European Union CY - Luxembourg AN - OPUS4-50371 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beyranvand, S. A1 - Pourghobadi, Z. A1 - Sattari, S. A1 - Soleymani, K. A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen A1 - Gharabaghi, M. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Farjanikish, G. A1 - Nayebzadeh, H. A1 - Adeli, M. T1 - Boronic acid functionalized graphene platforms for diabetic wound N2 - While noncovalent interactions between graphene derivatives and biosystems are extensively studied, less knowledge about their covalent multivalent interactions at biointerfaces is available. Due to the affinity of boronic acids towards cis-diol bearing biosystems, graphene sheets with this functionality were synthesized and their covalent interactions with the bacteria and nematode were investigated. As expected, graphene platforms with boronic acid functionality were able to wrap bacteria and destroy it in a short time. Surprisingly, body of nematodes was ruptured and their viability decreased to 30% after 24 h incubation with the functionalized graphene sheets. Because of their antibacterial and antiparasitic activities as well as their ability for wound dressing, graphene platforms with the boronic acid functionality were further investigated for diabetic wound healing. In vivo experiments showed that graphene platforms are more efficient than the commercially available drug, phenytoin, and restore both infected and non-infected diabetic wounds in ten days. Taking advantage of their straightforward synthesis, strong interactions with different biosystems as well as their ability to heal diabetic wounds, the boronic Acid functionalized graphene sheets are promising candidates for a broad range of future biomedical applications. KW - Graphene KW - Boronic acid KW - Functionalized graphene KW - XPS PY - 2020 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0008622319310954 DO - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.10.077 VL - 158 SP - 327 EP - 336 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-50559 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Sebastian A1 - Cappella, Brunero T1 - Study of micro- and nanoscale wetting properties of lubricants using AFM force-distance curves N2 - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) plays an important role as a multifuntional tool in nanotribology.In the present work it was shown that the main features of force-distance curves on different lubricants have been characterized and the underlying phenomena could be explained. KW - Lubricants KW - Atomic force microscopy KW - Force-distance curves PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-504631 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-020-1275-3 SN - 1573-2711 VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Springer CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-50463 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geißler, Daniel A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Development of reference materials for flow cytometric analysis of extracellular vesicles N2 - The aim of task 1.4 within the EMPIR project 18HLT01 MetVesII is to produce low-RI solid particles with an effective RI between 1.37 and 1.42. To prepare these low-RI solid particles, polymer cores will be coated with a silica shell. Although the bulk RI of polymers, such as polystyrene (RI = 1.59) and PMMA (RI = 1.49), and fused silica (RI = 1.46) are higher than desired, an effective RI below 1.42 will be achieved by using a mesoporous silica shell with tuneable shell-thickness and a polymer core with sufficiently small size. This approach has four advantages: (1) monodisperse commercial polymer particles and silica shell chemistry are available, (2) low-RI solid particles will have a tuneable size and RI, (3) fluorescence can be added by incorporating fluorescent dyes into the polymer cores via an established staining procedure, and (4) fluorescent dyes within the polymer cores are shielded against influences from the sample matrix, e.g. fluorescence quenching effects altering the emission properties of the reference materials. T2 - MetVesII M9 Progress Meeting CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 12.02.2020 KW - EMPIR 18HLT01 MetVesII KW - Extracellular vesicles (EV) KW - Flow cytometry (FCM) KW - Reference materials KW - Fluorescent particles PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50451 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Léonard, Fabien A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - To see and not to see - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Schadensanalyse mit CT an Kompositmaterialien N2 - Anhand von drei Beispielen (Datenfusion an CFK; Machine Learning an Metall-Matrix-Kompositen sowie Refraktion an CFK) wird gezeigt, wie die BAM mit neuen Analysemethoden mehr Informationen aus CT-Datensätzen extrahieren kann, sowie mit der Refraktion eine Analysemethode besitzt, die in Fällen eingesetzt werden kann, bei denen klassische Durchstrahlungsmethoden kein Ergebnis liefern. T2 - InnoTesting 2020 CY - Wildau, Germany DA - 27.02.2020 KW - Computed tomography KW - Computertomographie KW - Röntgenrefraktion KW - Machine Learning KW - Datenfusion KW - Data Fusion KW - Synchrotron PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50485 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esmann, M. A1 - Chimeh, A. A1 - Korte, A. A1 - Zhong, J. A1 - Stephan, S. A1 - Witt, Julia A1 - Wittstock, G. A1 - Talebi, N. A1 - Lienau, C. T1 - Plasmonic nanofocusing spectral interferometry N2 - We describe and demonstrate a novel experimental approach to measure broadband, amplitude- and phase-resolved scattering spectra of single nanoparticles with 10-nm spatial resolution. Nanofocusing of Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating along the shaft of a conical gold taper is used to create a spatially isolated, spectrally broad nanoscale light source at ist very apex. The interference between these incident SPPs and SPPs that are backpropagating from the apex leads to the formation of an inherently phase-stable interferogram, which we detect in the far field by partially scattering SPPs off a small protrusion on the taper shaft. We show that these interferograms allow the reconstruction of both the amplitude and phase of the local optical near fields around individual nanoparticles optically coupled to the taper apex. We extract local light scattering spectra of particles and quantify line broadenings and spectral shifts induced by tip-sample coupling. Our experimental findings are supported by corresponding finite-difference time-domain and coupled dipole simulations and Show that, in the limit of weak tip-sample coupling, the measurements directly probe the projected local density of optical states of the plasmonic system. The combination of a highly stable inline interferometer with the inherent optical background suppression through nanofocusing makes it a promising tool for the locally resolved study of the spectral and temporal optical response of coupled hybrid nanosystems. KW - Plasmonic nanofocusing KW - Near-field spectroscopy PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-504985 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0397 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 491 EP - 508 PB - De Gruyter AN - OPUS4-50498 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan ED - Unger, Wolfgang ED - Shard, A. G. T1 - Characterization of nanoparticles - Measurement processes for nanoparticles N2 - Characterization of Nanoparticles: Measurement Processes for Nanoparticles surveys this fast growing field, including established methods for the physical and chemical characterization of nanoparticles. The book focuses on sample preparation issues (including potential pitfalls), with measurement procedures described in detail. In addition, the book explores data reduction, including the quantitative evaluation of the final result and its uncertainty of measurement. The results of published inter-laboratory comparisons are referred to, along with the availability of reference materials necessary for instrument calibration and method validation. The application of these methods are illustrated with practical examples on what is routine and what remains a challenge. In addition, this book summarizes promising methods still under development and analyzes the need for complementary methods to enhance the quality of nanoparticle characterization with solutions already in operation. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Characterization method KW - Sample preparation KW - Inter-laboratory comparison KW - Standardisation KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - Case studies PY - 2020 SN - 978-0-12-814182-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00312-9 SP - 1 EP - 566 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50284 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -