TY - GEN A1 - Hübert, Thomas T1 - H2Sense - Cost-effective and reliable Hydrogen Sensors for Facilitating the Safe Use of Hydrogen N2 - The H2SENSE (Cost-effective and reliable hydrogen sensors for facilitating the safe use of hydrogen) project promoted hydrogen primarily, but not exclusively, for its use as an alternative fuel. It brought together different stakeholders including sensor manufacturers, end-users, certification bodies and independent evaluators to ensure the optimum use of low-cost and reliable hydrogen sensors. Project partners analysed sensor performance in real-life applications in industrial environments and identified increased requirements for sensors and for regulations, codes and standards. H2SENSE also facilitated the safe use and implementation of hydrogen as an alternative fuel by ensuring the correct use of effective hydrogen detection devices. European scientists worked together with colleagues from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Colorado, USA. They pooled their knowledge of developments in hydrogen sensor technology as well as deployment and commercialisation strategies. These benefits will be continued through trans-Atlantic inter-laboratory sensor testing programmes in which EU and US laboratories perform complementary tests and exchange results. KW - Sensors KW - Hydrogen KW - Renewable energy PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-387484 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38748 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie T1 - Traceable measurements for monitoring critical pollutants under the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC N2 - The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC specifies a list of 33 priority water pollutants. For these substances, Environmental Quality Standards (EQS), equivalent to the maximum allowable concentrations, had been defined at very low levels. EQS values refer to the whole water body, i.e. include contaminants which are associated to suspended solids or colloids present in the natural water. For several priority pollutants primary analytical methods capable of measuring the target analytes at EQS level in natural water are still missing. The project has developed and validated such methods for three selected compounds, namely Tributyltin (TBT), Polybrominated Diphenylether (PBDE) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH). KW - Water polluntants KW - Monitoring KW - Water analysis KW - Tributyltin KW - Polybrominated diphenylether KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-386230 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38623 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Calculation of Flammability and Lower Flammability Limits of Gas Mixtures for Classification Purposes N2 - ISO 10156:2010 contains a test method and a calculation method for flammability of gases and gas mixtures for the selection of cylinder valve outlets. The calculation method is used also to classify gas mixtures according to the national and international dangerous goods and dangerous substances regulations, e.g. according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN TDG) and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). The calculation method for gas mixtures requires substance parameters of the single components. These are the coefficients for the fire potential (Tci) and for inerting ability, the so-called nitrogen equivalence (Kk), which have been estimated conservatively by means of flammability data. BAM checked Tci and Kk values of ISO 10156:1996 using three-component diagrams (Flammable gas-Inert-Air) of the CHEMSAFE® database. The experimental fundamentals and the principles of the calculation method are summarized in this paper. The revised data for Tci and Kk values were adopted in the tables of ISO 10156:2010. Furthermore, subcategorization of flammable gases has been proposed by a UN working group and shall be implemented in the GHS in the meantime. The subcategorization requires the lower flammability limit (LFL) as an additional indicator. Therefore, a test method and a calculation method for LFL were proposed by BAM and have been implemented in the new draft of ISO/CD 10156:2016. The calculation method for gas mixtures is based on Le Chatelier’s rule and was extended by using the Kk values for inert components in the mixture. The calculated LFLs of methane-inert gas mixtures were compared with experimental values for different types of inert gases. It could be shown that calculated LFLs are in good agreement with experimental values if the Kk values derived from three-component flammability diagrams are used. Although using the Kk values of ISO 10156:2010 leads to higher deviations, the results are still on the safe side. KW - Gas Mixtures KW - GHS Classifikation KW - Flammability KW - Flammability Limit KW - Calculation method PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-418306 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-41830 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surfchem - Traceable quantitative surface chemical analysis for industrial applications N2 - The project addresses chemical and topographical metrology at surfaces. The new methodologies of measurements at surfaces will be developed as good practice guides and new work item proposals for industrial ISO standards. The objectives of the Joint research project (JRP) are to provide measurement standards and methods with traceability wherever it is practicable to do so for quantitative surface chemical analysis for industrial applications. KW - Method development KW - Surface chemical analysis KW - Analytical methods KW - Reference material PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-386319 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -