TY - JOUR A1 - You, Yi A1 - Danischewski, Julia A1 - Molnar, Brian A1 - Riedel, Jens A1 - Shelley, Jacob T1 - Manipulation of Gaseous Ions with Acoustic Fields at Atmospheric Pressure N2 - The ability to controllably move gaseous ions is an essential aspect of ion-based spectrometry (e.g., mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry) as well as materials processing. At higher pressures, ion motion is largely governed by diffusion and multiple collisions with neutral gas molecules. Thus, high-pressure ion optics based on electrostatics require large fields, radio frequency drives, complicated geometries, and/or partially transmissive grids that become contaminated. Here, we demonstrate that low-power standing acoustic waves can be used to guide, block, focus, and separate beams of ions akin to electrostatic ion optics. Ions preferentially travel through the static-pressure regions (“nodes”) while neutral gas does not appear to be impacted by the acoustic field structure and continues along a straight trajectory. This acoustic ion manipulation (AIM) approach has broad implications for ion manipulation techniques at high pressure, while expanding our fundamental understanding of the behavior of ions in gases. KW - Ion mobility spectrometry KW - Acoustic KW - Mass spectrometry PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600704 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c01224 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-60070 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - You, Yi A1 - Riedel, Jens T1 - Approaching phase-imaging through defocusing shadowgraphy for acoustic resonator diagnosis and the capability of direct index-of-refraction measurements N2 - The visualization of index-of-refraction (IoR) distribution is one of the common methods to investigate fluid flow or pressure fields. While schlieren and shadowgraphy imaging techniques are widely accepted, their inherent limitations often lead to difficulties in elucidating the IoR distribution and extracting the true IoR information from the resulting images. While sophisticated solutions exist, the IoR-gradient-to-image was achieved by purposely introducing a commonly avoided “defect” into the optical path of a conventional coincident schlieren/shadowgraphy setup; the defect is a combination of slight defocusing and the use of non-conjugate optical components. As such, the method presented in this work is referred to as defocusing shadowgraphy, or DF-shadowgraphy. While retaining the ease of a conventional schlieren/shadowgraphy geometry, this DF approach allows direct visualization of complicated resonant acoustic fields even without any data processing. For instance, the transient acoustic fields of a common linear acoustic resonator and a two-dimensional one were directly visualized without inversion. Moreover, the optical process involved in DF-shadowgraphy was investigated from a theoretical perspective. A numerical solution of the sophisticated impulse response function was obtained, which converts the phase distortion into intensity distributions. Based on this solution, the IoRs of various gas streams (e.g., CO2 and isopropanol vapor) were determined from single images. KW - Imaging Technique KW - Phase Imaging KW - Shadowgraphy KW - Schlieren Imaging PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-537116 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058334 SN - 1089-7623 VL - 92 IS - 10 SP - 103703 PB - AIP Publishing Group AN - OPUS4-53711 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Akkus, Asli A1 - Weisheit, W. A1 - Giray, Thorsten A1 - Penk, Sibylle A1 - Buttler, Sabine A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique T1 - Multielement analysis in soils using nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure plasma mass spectrometry N2 - In this study, we employed nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric-pressure plasma (MICAP) combined with quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) and a liquid sample introduction system to analyze heavy metals in soils. The vanadium, cobalt, nickel, zinc, copper, chromium, arsenic, lead, and cadmium contents in seven reference and three environmental soil samples determined using MICAP-MS were within the uncertainty of the reference values, indicating that MICAP-MS is promising for soil analysis similar to the conventional inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. In addition, the limits of detection (LODs) and sensitivity of both techniques using N2 and Ar plasma were of the same order of magnitude. Furthermore, the performance of MICAP-MS under different N2 purity was investigated, and we found that the plasma formation and ionization efficiency were not influenced by the impurities in the gas. A prominent advantage of MICAP-MS is the low operating cost associated with gas consumption. In this work, MICAP-MS used nitrogen, which is cheaper than argon, and consumed 25% less gas than ICP-MS. Using low-purity N2 can further reduce the gas cost, making MICAP-MS more cost effective than ICP-MS. These results suggest that MICAP-MS is a promising alternative to ICP-MS for the analysis of heavy metals in the soil. KW - Soil KW - Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) KW - Nitrogen plasma KW - Multi-element analysis PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-561048 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ja00244b SN - 0267-9477 VL - 37 IS - 12 SP - 2556 EP - 2562 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-56104 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique T1 - Determination of calcium, iron, and selenium in human serum by isotope dilution analysis using nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure plasma mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) N2 - In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) for Ca, Fe, and Se quantification in human serum using isotope dilution (ID) analysis. The matrix tolerance of MICAP-MS in Na matrix was investigated, uncovering that high Na levels can suppress the signal intensity. This suppression is likely due to the plasma loading and the space charge effect. Moreover, 40Ca and 44Ca isotopic fractionation was noted at elevated Na concentration. Nine certified serum samples were analyzed using both external calibration and ID analysis. Overestimation of Cr, Zn, As, and Se was found in the results of external calibration, which might be resulted from C-induced polyatomic interference and signal enhancement, respectively. Further investigations performed with methanol showed a similar enhancement effect for Zn, As, and Se, potentially supporting this assumption. The mass concentrations determined with ID analysis show metrological compatibility with the reference values, indicating that MICAP-MS combined with ID analysis can be a promising method for precise Ca, Fe, and Se determination. Moreover, this combination reduces the influences of matrix effects, broadening the applicability of MICAP-MS for samples with complex matrix. KW - Selenium KW - Nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry KW - Isotope dilution KW - Human serum KW - Calcium KW - Iron PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598664 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05274-0 SN - 1618-2642 SP - 3117 EP - 3125 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-59866 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yu, C.-H. A1 - Peng, R. L. A1 - Luzin, V. A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Calmunger, M. A1 - Lundgren, J.-E. A1 - Brodin, H. A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Moverare, J. T1 - Thin-wall effects and anisotropic deformation mechanisms of an additively manufactured Ni-based superalloy N2 - Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Ni-based superalloys shows great potential for high temperature applications, for example, as a burner repair application for gas turbines where the thin-walled structure is important. It motivates this work to investigate the evolution of microstructure and the anisotropic mechanical behavior when plate-like specimens are built with a thickness from 4 mm down to 1 mm. By performing texture analysis using neutron diffraction, a clear transition in fiber texture from <011> to <001> is indicated when the specimen becomes thinner. The residual stress shows no thickness dependence, and at the subsurface the residual stress reaches the same level as the yield strength. Due to the rough as-built surface, a roughness compensation method for mechanical properties of thin-walled structures is outlined and demonstrated. Tensile tests from room temperature up to 700 ◦C have been carried out. Anisotropic mechanical behavior is found at all temperatures, which is strongly related to the anisotropic texture evolution. Stronger texture evolution and grain rotations are discovered when the tensile loading is applied along the building direction. The mechanical behavior has been compared to a wrought material, where the high dislocation density and the subgrain structure of the LPBF material result in a higher yield strength. Combining the statistical texture analysis by neutron diffraction with mechanical testing, EBSD grain orientation mapping and the investigation of dislocation structures using transmission electron microscopy, this work illustrates the significance of texture for the thin-wall effect and anisotropic mechanical behavior of LPBF materials. KW - Hastelloy X KW - Hot tensile test KW - Crystallographic texture KW - Roughness KW - Residual stress KW - Dislocation density PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-518759 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101672 VL - 36 SP - 101672 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-51875 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Domonov, D. A1 - Pechenyuk, S. A1 - Belyevskii, A. T1 - Formation of Nanostructured Carbon from [Ni(NH3)6]3[Fe(CN)6]2 N2 - The products of thermal decomposition in an argon atmosphere of [Ni(NH3)6]3[Fe(CN)6]2 as a precursor has been studied. Decomposition products were studied up to 800◦C. Above 600◦C, all coordination bonds in the residues are broken with a formation of Ni3Fe, Fe, and free carbon with a small admixture of nitrogen. Elementary carbon can be easily separated from metals by treatment with a water solution of hydrochloric acid. Only carbon is responsible for the specific surface of the composite products. The released carbon has a high degree of graphitization and begins to oxidize in air above 500°C and is completely oxidized above 700°C. KW - Carbon materials KW - Double complex compound KW - Thermal decomposition PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-508188 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020389 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 389 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-50818 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Kabelitz, Anke A1 - Schokel, Alexander A1 - Wagner, Ralf A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Kemnitz, E A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Krahl, Thoralf A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Local Structure of Europium-Doped Luminescent Strontium Fluoride Nanoparticles: Comparative X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Diffraction Study N2 - Rare-earth based luminescent materials are key functional components for the rational design of light-conversion smart devices. Stable Eu3+-doped strontium fluoride (SrF2) nanoparticles were prepared at room temperature in ethylene glycol. Their luminescence depends on the Eu content and changes after heat treatment. The crystallinity of heat-treated material increases in comparison with as-synthesized samples. Particles were investigated in solution using X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray spectroscopy. After heat treatment, the size of the disordered nanoparticles increases together with a change of their local structure. Interstitial fluoride ions can be localized near Eu3+ ions. Therefore, non-radiative relaxation from other mechanisms is decreased. Knowledge about the cation distribution is key information for understanding the luminescence properties of any material. KW - SrF2 KW - EXAFS KW - Eu PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-540094 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202100281 VL - 7 IS - 11 SP - 1221 EP - 1229 PB - Wiley Online Library AN - OPUS4-54009 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Khandarkhaeva, S. A1 - Bykov, M. A1 - Fedotenko, T. A1 - Hanfland, M. A1 - Sukhikh, A. A1 - Gromilov, S. A1 - Dubrovinsky, L. T1 - Face-centered cubic refractory alloys prepared from single-source precursors N2 - Three binary fcc-structured alloys (fcc–Ir0.50Pt0.50, fcc Rh0.66Pt0.33 and fcc–Rh0.50Pd0.50) were 14 prepared from [Ir(NH3)5Cl][PtCl6], [Ir(NH3)5Cl][PtBr6], [Rh(NH3)5Cl]2[PtCl6]Cl2 and 15 [Rh(NH3)5Cl][PdCl4]·H2O, respectively, as single-source precursors. All alloys were prepared by 16 thermal decomposition in gaseous hydrogen flow below 800 °C. Fcc–Ir0.50Pt0.50 and fcc–Rh0.50Pd0.50 17 correspond to miscibility gaps on binary metallic phase diagrams and can be considered as 18 metastable alloys. Detailed comparison of [Ir(NH3)5Cl][PtCl6] and [Ir(NH3)5Cl][PtBr6] crystal 19 structures suggests that two isoformular salts are not isostructural. In [Ir(NH3)5Cl][PtBr6], specific 20 Br…Br interactions are responsible for crystal structure arrangement. Room temperature 21 compressibility of fcc–Ir0.50Pt0.50, fcc–Rh0.66Pt0.33 and fcc–Rh0.50Pd0.50 has been investigated up to 50 GPa 22 in diamond anvil cells. All investigated fcc-structured binary alloys are stable under compression. 23 Atomic volumes and bulk moduli show good agreement with ideal solutions model. For fcc–24 Ir0.50Pt0.50, V0/Z = 14.597(6) Å3·atom-1, B0 = 321(6) GPa, B0' = 6(1); for fcc–Rh0.66Pt0.33, V0/Z = 14.211(3) 25 Å3·atom-1, B0 =259(1) GPa, B0' = 6.66(9); for fcc–Rh0.50Pd0.50, V0/Z = 14.18(2) Å3·atom-1, B0 =223(4) GPa, 26 B0' = 5.0(3). KW - High-pressure KW - Refractory alloys KW - Platinum group metals KW - Single-source precursors PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-508176 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061418 VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 1418 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-50817 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Sukhikh, A. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Gromilov, S. T1 - Synthesis and Crystal Chemistry of Octahedral Rhodium(III) Chloroamines N2 - Rhodium(III) octahedral complexes with amine and chloride ligands are the most common starting compounds for preparing catalytically active rhodium(I) and rhodium(III) species. Despite intensive study during the last 100 years, synthesis and crystal structures of rhodium(III) complexes were described only briefly. Some [RhClx(NH3)6-x] compounds are still unknown. In this study, available information about synthetic protocols and the crystal structures of possible [RhClx(NH3)6−x] octahedral species are summarized and critically analyzed. Unknown crystal structuresof(NH4)2[Rh(NH3)Cl5],trans–[Rh(NH3)4Cl2]Cl·H2O,andcis–[Rh(NH3)4Cl2]Clarereported based on high quality single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The crystal structure of [Rh(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 was redetermined. All available crystal structures with octahedral complexes [RhClx(NH3)6-x] were analyzed in terms of their packings and pseudo-translational sublattices. Pseudo-translation lattices suggest face-centered cubic and hexagonal closed-packed sub-cells, where Rh atoms occupy nearly ideal lattices. KW - Pseudo-translationalsublattices KW - Rhodiumcomplexes KW - Ligandsubstitution KW - Crystalstructure PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-508194 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040768 VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 768 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-50819 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zabihi, Mohammadmasoud A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Approach for Faster Signal Processing in Փ-OTDR Systems Based on Directional Measurement of Fiber Slices Interaction N2 - In this study, a signal processing approach for heterodyne Փ-OTDR and C-OTDR systems that can obtain external perturbation and its frequency content in a faster way is proposed. We can detect vibrations with the same or better SNR using this processing approach, only with a single step and fast calculation. Fig. 12 shows the comparison of the normalized measurement time for the gamma matrix method and the conventional method throughout the three experiments. The speed of processing using a gamma matrix is ~35%–50% faster compared to a conventional method in high frequency test (PZT), low frequency test (walking) and street monitoring test. The processing speed in low frequency test is normally a bit lower than the similar high frequency one, since we must use higher number of time frames. Also, in street test we have higher speed because we can select wider gauges. KW - Փ-OTDR PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-560492 DO - https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTCON.456421 VL - 1 IS - 8 SP - 1837 EP - 1847 PB - Optica Publishing Group CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-56049 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -