TY - JOUR A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Kinne, J. A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Exploring the Adoption of the International Information Security Management System Standard ISO/IEC 27001: A Web Mining-Based Analysis N2 - In the light of digitalization and recent EU policy initiatives, information is an important asset that organizations of all sizes and from all sectors should secure. However, in order to provide common requirements for the implementation of an information security management system, the internationally well-accepted ISO/IEC 27001 standard has not shown the expected growth rate since its publication more than a decade ago.In this article, we apply web mining to explore the adoption of ISO/IEC 27001 through a series of 2664 out of more than 900 000 German firms from the Mannheim Enterprise Panel dataset that refers to this standard on their websites. As a result, we present a “landscape” of ISO/IEC 27001 in Germany, which shows that firms not only seek certifications themselves but often refer on their websites to partners who are certified instead. Consequently, we estimate a probit model and find that larger and more innovative firms are more likely to be certified to ISO/IEC 27001 and that almost half of all certified firms belong to the information and communications technology (ICT) service sector. Based on our findings, we derive implications for policymakers and management and critically assess the suitability of web mining to explore the adoption of management system standards. KW - Adoption KW - Information security KW - Management system standards KW - Standards KW - Web mining PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513284 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.2977815 VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 87 EP - 100 AN - OPUS4-51328 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Denkler, Tilman T1 - Accreditation in Europe: Benchmarking the operations of European accreditation bodies using an innovative management tool N2 - Accreditation is one of the pillars of a national Quality Infrastructure, as the competence of conformity assessment bodies is assured through accreditation performed by accreditation bodies. To compare the operation of accreditation bodies in Europe and to identify best practices, a management tool, the Process Maturity Benchmarking Tool, was developed and validated by applying it to European accreditation bodies. The benchmarking project comprised two major phases: In the first phase, the processes of accreditation bodies were systematically analyzed. A process map was developed, and processes of special relevance were identified and underpinned by indicators. In the second phase, the practical applicability of the theoretical model was demonstrated by analyzing the processes of eight European accreditation bodies. The results of this comparative assessment were subsequently discussed in a workshop with experts from those accreditation bodies, giving the opportunity to identify best practices. This article has a twofold objective. First, to present a method to benchmark European accreditation bodies, based on the European Foundation for Quality Management excellence model. The successful application of the Process Maturity Benchmarking Tool gives evidence that it is a suitable and capable management tool to assess the processes of the European accreditation bodies and to benchmark them. Second, the article presents the results of the first adaption of the Process Maturity Benchmarking Tool. A general trend of process maturity was identified: While processes based on stakeholder involvement tend to have an overall lower maturity on average, internal processes are more mature. KW - Accreditation KW - Benchmarking KW - Quality Infrastructure KW - EFQM Excellence Modell KW - Total Quality Management KW - Akkreditierung PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-521706 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-021-01459-7 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 57 PB - Springer Nature CY - Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA AN - OPUS4-52170 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mirtsch, Mona T1 - Adoption of the information security management system standard ISO/IEC 27001 - A study among German organizations N2 - Against the backdrop of numerous security breaches and cyber-attacks, organizations need to take measures to secure their data and information. However, the well-known management system standard ISO/IEC 27001 for information security has shown a lower adoption rate – in terms of annual ISO survey data – than was previously expected by scholars and practitioners. Through the lens of Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory, we consider the adoption of ISO/IEC 27001 as a 'preventive innovation' and aim to identify factors that help gain a better understanding of its adoption. Therefore, we conducted a survey among German organizations on the use and impact of management system standards, explicitly distinguishing between organizations that implement ISO/IEC 27001 and those that are additionally certified against this standard. This study provides insights and contributes to an advanced understanding of motives, impacts, barriers, and useful measures to increase adoption of ISO/IEC 27001. Our findings may be useful to organizations considering the adoption of this management system standard, to certification bodies providing certification services, and to policymakers seeking means to improve information security in organizations. KW - Management science and operations research KW - ISO/IEC 27001 KW - Management system standard KW - Information security KW - QI-FoKuS KW - Certification PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594704 UR - http://ijqr.net/paper.php?id=1098 DO - https://doi.org/10.24874/ijqr17.03-08 SN - 1800-6450 SN - 1800-7473 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 747 EP - 768 PB - Center for Quality, University of Montenegro CY - Podgorica AN - OPUS4-59470 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, Knut T1 - The effects of hydrogen research and innovation on international hydrogen trade N2 - Climate change and the pressure to decarbonize, as well as energy security concerns, have drawn the attention of policymakers and the industry to hydrogen energy. To ad-vance the hydrogen economy at a global scale, research and innovation progress is of significant importance, among others. However, previous studies have provided only lim-ited quantitative evidence of the effects of research and innovation on the formation of a global hydrogen market. Instead, they postulate rather than empirically support this rela-tionship. Therefore, this study analyzes the effects of research and innovation measured by scientific publications, patents, and standards on bilateral hydrogen trade flows for 32 countries between 1995 and 2019 in a gravity model of trade, using regression analyses and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimation. The main results of the PPML estimation show that research and innovation progress is indeed associated with increased trade, especially with patenting and (international) standardization enhancing hydrogen export volumes. As policy implications, we derive that increased public R&D funding can help increase the competitiveness of hydrogen energy and boost market growth, along with infrastructure support and harmonized standards and regulations. KW - Hydrogen supply KW - Global hydrogen market KW - Research and innovation KW - Push and pull effects KW - Hydrogen policies PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594875 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113974 SN - 0301-4215 VL - 186 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-59487 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gottinger, A. A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Standardization in the context of science and regulation: An analysis of the Bioeconomy N2 - Standards play a crucial role in the transition to more sustainable production and consumption models by promoting the development of new markets for innovative products. In the case of the bioeconomy, standards are particularly relevant to ensure the sustainability of products and processes. Hence, standards represent an essential strategic tool to foster sustainable development. Furthermore, the standard-setting process brings together different stakeholders, which encourages research and the transfer of knowledge to industrial practice. In particular, scientific publications assist the standardisation process by providing scientific evidence. This study investigates the role of science and regulation in the bioeconomy standardisation process. It first provides a general analysis of bioeconomy-related standards, followed by an analysis of the regulations and publications referenced in the standards. Our analysis discloses a strong use of scientific knowledge in the bioeconomy standardisation process and demonstrates the readiness to integrate novel academic findings into revised versions of the standards. In addition, it reveals that the interaction between science and regulation is an important driver for standardisation activities around the bioeconomy, needed to support sustainable transitions. KW - Bioeconomy KW - Standardisation KW - Knowledge Use KW - Socio-technical Transition PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-599899 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.06.013 VL - 147 SP - 188 EP - 200 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-59989 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wurster, S. A1 - Ladu, Luana T1 - Triple-C: A Tridimensional Sustainability-Oriented Indicator for Assessing Product Circularity in Public Procurement N2 - Various microlevel circular economy indicators for assessing sustainability and, partly, additional sustainability characteristics have been developed, but an integrated solution considering the environmental, social, and economic pillars remains a research gap. Method: Based on a multimethod approach, including surveys and the analysis of existing sustainability assessment methodologies and standards, this paper proposes a concept for a multidimensional circular economy indicator tailored to public procurers. It relies on attractive existing building blocks including: the ecological scarcity method, European and international sustainability standards and indicators,and the STAR-ProBio-IAT concept. Results: This article presents the concept of the composite indicator Triple-C, consisting of 20 elements and aimed at facilitating sustainable circular public procurement. It is intended to be incorporated into software that facilitates sustainable product decisions among public procurers in Germany. Conclusions: We propose a generic indicator concept covering all three (environmental, social, and economic) sustainability pillars. More research and additional standards are needed to develop the Triple-C concept further into product-specific applications. KW - Circular economy KW - Sustainability assessment KW - Circularity KW - Ecological scarcity method KW - Life-cycle assessment KW - LCA KW - Life-cycle costing KW - LCC KW - Social sustainability KW - Indicators PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-564115 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/su142113936 VL - 14 IS - 21 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56411 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bianchi, M. A1 - Cascavilla, A. A1 - Clavell Diaz, J. A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Palacino Blazquez, Barbara A1 - Menger, Pierre A1 - Staffieri, Eleonora A1 - Yilan, Gülsah Yilan T1 - Circular bioeconomy: A review of empirical practices across implementation scales N2 - The European Commission has endorsed the transition to a circular bioeconomy as a crucial initiative to achieve a sustainable and climate-neutral European Union. However, this transition is inherently complex, as it involves environmental and social risks, physical limitations, and trade-offs between different dimensions of sustainability. In this context, effective monitoring and modelling of the bioeconomy are essential tools to inform decision-making at various implementation scales. This article reviews empirical research on the monitoring and modelling of the bioeconomy and their implications for decision-making across three main implementation scales: macro (national-global level); meso (regional-city level); and micro (single product, company level). The contribution of this research is twofold: First, it explores existing gaps in the field through the lens of policy implementation levels. Research gaps include the uneven distribution of indicators among sustainability pillars, the lack of standardised monitoring frameworks at the meso and micro levels, and attribution issues in bioeconomy modelling. Second, the article outlines a comprehensive research agenda, indicating specific research lines and their relevance to different implementation scales. Key research avenues, significant at all implementation scales, include enhancing the life cycle perspective, visualising trade-offs and synergies between Sustainable Development Goals, monetising externalities, and further delving into social aspects. KW - Bioeconomy KW - Circular Economy KW - Sustainable Transition KW - Bioeconomy Monitoring Framework KW - Bioeconomy Indicators KW - Life cycle management PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612357 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143816 VL - 477 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-61235 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dace, Elina A1 - Cascavilla, Alessandro A1 - Bianchi, Marco A1 - Chioatto, Elisa A1 - Zecca, Emy A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Yilan, Gülsah T1 - Barriers to transitioning to a circular bio-based economy: Findings from an industrial perspective N2 - The transition from a linear fossil-based to a circular bio-based economy represents an opportunity and a suitable pathway for achieving several sustainable development goals. However, the transition is a complex process since it requires transformative policies, purposeful innovation, access to finance, risk-taking capacity as well as new and sustainable business models and markets. Accordingly, the first step in this transition process is the identification of barriers that are hampering the transition to a sustainable circular bio-based economy. With this motivation in mind, this study reviews grey literature to identify barriers focusing on four critical sectors facing major challenges within the current linear economy and requiring a sustainable transition most urgently: construction, chemicals, plastics, and textile sectors. Employing an adapted STEEP methodology (Social, Technological, Economical, Environmental, Political), a total of 193 different barriers have been identified and clustered under six categories: cultural, technical, economic, environmental, governance, and structural. Regardless of the sector, cultural and structural barriers are identified as the most prominent; the lack of incentives for consumer behaviour change and lack of stakeholder collaboration were the most cited barriers among the literature records. From a value chain perspective, most of the barriers are related to the material processing and product manufacturing stage. Finally, potential solutions, extracted from the grey literature, are proposed to fill the gaps and overcome the identified barriers. Many of the identified barriers are common across the four investigated sectors, indicating the solutions or measures can be applicable in a wider perspective to promote the transition in the right direction. KW - Circular Bio-based Economy KW - Barriers KW - Sustainability PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602062 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2024.05.029 VL - 48 SP - 407 EP - 418 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60206 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Daniel A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, Knut T1 - Exploring the fuel-cell technological innovation system: Technology interactions in the mobility sector N2 - With the rise of alternative sustainable powertrain technologies, the mobility paradigm has undergone fundamental changes in recent years. In the wake of the ongoing transition of the road-vehicle sector, fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) have received increased political attention. However, they constitute only a tiny fraction of total road vehicles nowadays and still face competition from other powertrain technologies. Therefore, this study specifically focuses on how the focal technological innovation system of FCVs is influenced by the emerging electric vehicles (EVs) and established internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) as its context structures. To this end, our time-series vector error correction models analyze the short- and long-run causalities between our focal TIS and its context structures. Using publications, patents, and standards as quantitative TIS indicators, we analyze the modes of technology interaction between FCVs and EVs and FCVs and ICEVs to determine the life-cycle phase of our focal FCV-TIS in more depth. Our results demonstrate that the FCV-TIS is in its formative phase based on the dominance of the EV and ICEV context structures. As policy implications, we derive application-sensitive technology policies that combine the benefits of each mobility technology toward the sustainable transition of the mobility sector. KW - Technological innovation system (TIS) KW - Technology interaction KW - TIS-context relations KW - Fuel-cell vehicles KW - Electric vehicles KW - Internal combustion engine vehicles PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-626599 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2024.101107 SN - 2590-1982 VL - 25 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-62659 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Morone, P. T1 - Sustainability assessments of bio-based products: From research to practice (and standards)☆ N2 - The transition from a linear, fossil-based economy to a circular, bio-based economy is needed in order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. However, it is important to ensure that the bio-based economy delivers the expected environmental and social impacts, by respecting and implementing sustainability principles. One effective way to reduce uncertainty regarding bio-based product properties and benefits is through the use of sustainability standards, certification schemes, and ecolabels. These measures can play a significant role in advancing the transition to a sustainable, circular bio-based economy. They provide a solid foundation for assessing sustainability of “green” products and initiatives and contribute greatly to building trust in products among consumers, providing a reliable framework for sevaluation. To measure the sustainability of bio-based products, several robust and reliable tools are under development, gathering evidence from research and collaborative efforts of several European projects. KW - Bioeconomy KW - Sustainability Assessment KW - Standards KW - Certifications KW - Ecolabels PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-623576 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socimp.2024.100041 VL - 3 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-62357 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -