TY - JOUR
A1 - Flierl, Lukas
A1 - Rienitz, Olaf
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
A1 - Pramann, Axel
T1 - An advancement of the gravimetric isotope mixture method rendering the knowledge of the spike purity superfluous
N2 - The gravimetric isotope mixture method is the primary method to determine absolute isotope ratios. This method, however, depends on the existence of suitable spike materials and knowledge of their purities. Determining the purity of the spikes can be tedious and labour-intensive. In this publication, an advancement of the gravimetric isotope mixture method, rendering the determination of the purity of the spike materials unnecessary, is presented. The advancement combines mass spectrometry and ion chromatography leading to an approach being independent of the purity of the spike materials. In the manuscript the mathematical background and the basic idea of the novel approach are described using a two-isotope system like copper or lithium.
KW - Isotope amount ratios
KW - Metrology
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Ion chromatography
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608726
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05465-9
SP - 5325
EP - 5333
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-60872
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stolar, Tomislav
A1 - Pearce, Ben K.D.
A1 - Etter, Martin
A1 - Truong, Khai-Nghi
A1 - Ostojić, Tea
A1 - Krajnc, Andraž
A1 - Mali, Gregor
A1 - Rossi, Barbara
A1 - Molčanov, Krešimir
A1 - Lončarić, Ivor
A1 - Meštrović, Ernest
A1 - Užarević, Krunoslav
A1 - Grisanti, Luca
T1 - Base-pairing of uracil and 2,6-diaminopurine: from cocrystals to photoreactivity
N2 - We show that the non-canonical nucleobase 2,6-diaminopurine (D) spontaneously base pairs with uracil (U) in water and the solid state without the need to be attached to the ribose-phosphate backbone. Depending on the reaction conditions, D and U assemble in thermodynamically stable hydrated and anhydrated D-U base-paired cocrystals. Under UV irradiation, an aqueous solution of D-U base-pair undergoes photochemical degradation, while a pure aqueous solution of U does not. Our simulations suggest that D may trigger the U photodimerization and show that complementary base-pairing modifies the photochemical properties of nucleobases, which might have implications for prebiotic chemistry.
KW - Mechanochemistry
KW - In situ monitoring
KW - Cocrystals
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608622
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.109894
VL - 27
IS - 6
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Elsevier Inc.
AN - OPUS4-60862
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Davison, Nathan
A1 - Hemingway, Jack M.
A1 - Wills, Corinne
A1 - Stolar, Tomislav
A1 - Waddell, Paul G.
A1 - Dixon, Casey M.
A1 - Barron, Luke
A1 - Dawson, James A.
A1 - Lu, Erli
T1 - Mechanochemical Synthesis of a Sodium Anion Complex [Na+(2,2,2-cryptand)Na–] and Studies of Its Reactivity: Two-Electron and One-Electron Reductions
N2 - Group 1 metal molecular chemistry is dominated by a +1 oxidation state, while a 0 oxidation state is widespread in the metals. A more exotic, yet still available, oxidation state of group 1 metal is −1, i.e., alkalide. Reported as early as the 1970s, the alkalides appear in every modern inorganic chemistry textbook as an iconic chemical curiosity, yet their reactivity remains unexplored. This is due to their synthetic hurdles. In this work, we report the first facile synthesis of the archetypical alkalide complex, [Na+(2,2,2-cryptand)Na–], which allows us to unveil a versatile reactivity profile of this once exotic species.
KW - Mechanochemistry
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608632
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02914
VL - 63
IS - 32
SP - 15247
EP - 15258
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-60863
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Giv, Ali Nemati
A1 - Asante, Bright
A1 - Yan, Libo
A1 - Kasal, Bohumil
T1 - Shear performance and durability of adhesively bonded spruce wood-concrete composite joints: Effects of indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, mechanical load, and their coupled effect
N2 - A long-term study was conducted on double-lap spruce wood-concrete joints to investigate their shear strength and stiffness over a 12-month period. These joints were manufactured using both wet and dry processes, each incorporating two adhesive types for bonding the wood to the concrete: a brittle epoxy and a ductile polyurethane (PUR). The experimental design exposed the joints to three specific long-term environments: (1) outdoor exposure, (2) indoor conditions with applied load, and (3) outdoor conditions with applied load. The wood concrete joints exposed to outdoor conditions were subjected to destructive shear testing at intervals of 0 (serving as the reference sample), 2, 4, 6, and 12 months, respectively. For joints subjected to both indoor and outdoor conditions with shear loading, the shear deformation of joints was monitored continuously over the 12 months before performing the destructive tests. A gradual reduction in the shear stiffness and strength of dry joints (produced using the dry bond method) exposed to outdoor conditions was observed over a 12-month period, primarily due to bond failure at the concrete-adhesive interface. The wet joints exhibited no degradation in shear stiffness and strength across long-term conditions over the same period. The bond failure observed in dry joints was predominantly associated with stresses arising from dimensional changes in the wood. No degradation was found in the cross-linking density of the adhesive or in the concrete’s compressive stiffness and strength.
KW - Adhesively bonded joints
KW - Long-term study
KW - Ductile PUR
KW - Brittle epoxy
KW - Outdoor condition
KW - Mechanical load
KW - Indoor condition
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608878
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136905
VL - 436
SP - 1
EP - 22
PB - Elsevier BV
AN - OPUS4-60887
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wegner, Karl David
A1 - Hildebrandt, N.
T1 - Near infrared quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging
N2 - Quantum dots (QDs) possess unique optoelectronic properties, which make them very attractive to be used as optical probes in biosensing and bioimaging applications. The strong absorbance and light scattering of biological compounds like tissue and blood in the visible range pose a problem. However, if optical probes emitting in the near-infrared (NIR) range are used, scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence of biological components are strongly reduced. This allows for an increased light penetration depth and higher spatial and temporal resolution for the investigation of biological processes. The synthesis and application of NIR emitting QDs is a fast-growing research field and the benefits of using QDs were demonstrated for a variety of applications, such as photoelectrochemical biosensor, in vivo vascular imaging, and fluorescence-guided surgery. This article reviews the state-of-the-art developments in the preparation of NIR/IR QDs and highlights the latest research about their utilization in biosensing and bioimaging applications.
KW - Quantum dots
KW - Near-infrared
KW - Biosensing
KW - Bioimaging
KW - NIR-II / SWIR
KW - Advanced nanomaterials
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-609708
SN - 0165-9936
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2024.117922
VL - 180
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-60970
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmitt, M.
A1 - Casperson, Ralf
A1 - Baensch, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Nationale, europäische und internationale Normung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung
N2 - Normung und Standardisierung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung finden auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene statt. Die Übernahme von Leitungsfunktionen in diesen Gremien erzeugt die Möglichkeit der Steuerung von Themen und Inhalten der relevanten Normen. Das persönliche Engagement der Fachexpert*innen in den nationalen Gremien und den europäischen und internationalen Arbeitsgruppen ist ein zusätzlicher Faktor für die inhaltliche Korrektheit und die inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Norm. Denn wer nicht normt, wird genormt und muss letztlich Normen anwenden, die andere entsprechend ihrer eigenen Interessen gestaltet haben. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme in europäischen und internationalen Normungsgremien ist die Mitwirkung in den entsprechenden DINSpiegelgremien, welche die europäischen (CEN) und internationalen (ISO) Aktivitäten spiegeln und die Fachexpert*innen für die Mitarbeit autorisieren.
Auf internationaler Ebene findet die Normungsarbeit in den technischen Komitees ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” und ISO/TC 44/SC 5 “Testing and inspection of welds” und ihren Arbeitsgruppen statt. Das europäische Pendant ist das CEN/TC 138 “Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren” mit seinen Arbeitsgremien. Die DINSpiegelgremien sind für die deutsche Mitarbeit in diesen Gremien und die inhaltliche Bewertung der Norm-Entwürfe zuständig.
T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - Normung
KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
KW - Qualifizierung
KW - Qualitätssicherung
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600726
DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29496
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 6
AN - OPUS4-60072
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sunder, S.
A1 - Jauregui Rozo, Maria
A1 - Inasu, S.
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
A1 - Ruckdäschel, H.
T1 - A systematic investigation of the transfer of polyphosphate/inorganic silicate flame retardants from epoxy resins to layered glass fiber-reinforced composites and their post-furnace flexural properties
N2 - The systematic transfer of solvent-free, additive flame retardant (FR) formulations from epoxy resins to glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites (GFRECs) through prepregs is difficult. Additionally, obtaining data on their post-fire mechanics is often challenging. Utilizing melamine polyphosphate (MPP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and silane-coated ammonium polyphosphate (SiAPP) FRs with low-melting inorganic silicates (InSi) in an 8:2 proportion and 10% loading by weight in a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin, a systematic investigation of the processing properties, room-temperature mechanics, and temperature-based mechanics of the systems was performed. The resin was cured with a dicyandiamide hardener (DICY) and a urone accelerator. The results revealed no substantial impact of these FRs at the current loading on the resin's glass transition temperature or processability. However, the fire residues from cone calorimetry tests of the composites containing FRs were found to be only 15-20% of the thickness of the resins, implying a suppression of intumescence upon transfer. At room temperature, the decrease in the flexural modulus for the composites containing FRs was negligible. Exposure of the composites in a furnace at 400°C as a preliminary study before ignition tests was shown to cause significant flexural moduli reductions after 2.5 min of exposure and complete delamination after 3 min making further testing unviable. This study emphasizes the need for future research on recovering modes of action upon transfer of FR formulations from resins to composites. Based on the challenges outlined in this investigation, sample adaptation methods for post-fire analysis will be developed in a future study.
KW - DGEBA
KW - Prepregs
KW - Glass fiber-reinforced composites
KW - Post-fire testing
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605239
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28416
SN - 1548-0569
SN - 0272-8397
VL - 45
IS - 10
SP - 9389
EP - 9406
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-60523
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Scholz, Philipp
T1 - Sequential Extraction of Incineration Bottom Ash: Conclusions Regarding Ecotoxicity
N2 - The classification of incineration bottom ash (IBA) as hazardous or non-hazardous according to ecotoxic hazard property HP14 is still under debate. In this context, only the compounds of Zn and Cu with the hazard statement code H410 are of relevance. With an approach based on the grouping of substances, it was shown that such substances are either readily water-soluble or slightly and sparingly soluble. The concentrations of readily soluble Cu and Zn compounds in IBA are far below the cut-off value of 0.1%. Slightly and sparingly soluble Zn and Cu compounds could be quantified in the first fraction of a four-step sequential extraction procedure. With the results from the complete sequence, the dimensionless synthesis toxicity index (STI) was calculated and was in the range of 494 to 1218 for the four investigated IBA samples. It was concluded that IBA can usually be classified as non-hazardous.
KW - Incineration bottom ash
KW - Hazard properties
KW - Ecotoxicity
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605262
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135541
SN - 2076-3417
VL - 14
IS - 13
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-60526
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rockel, Daniel
A1 - Sanchez Olivares, G.
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
T1 - Improving the Flame Retardancy of Aluminium Trihydroxide in Thermoplastic Starch Biocomposites Using Waste Fibers and Silicon-Based Synergists
N2 - The synergistic behavior of different silicon compounds is investigated in flame retardant biocomposites with aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) as the main flame retardant. The paper shows a new approach towards sustainable biocomposites through the implementation of thermoplastic starch (TPS), leather fibers from industrial waste streams, and non-hazardous flame retardants and synergists. In these multicomponent systems, the different components address different modes of action in the fire scenario. When ATH is partially substituted by glass frits or layered silicates, fire performance is enhanced without changing the total amount of filler in the polymer. In a biocomposite with 25 phr of fiber and 90 phr of ATH, substituting 5 phr of ATH for layered silicates increased the LOI from 31.5 vol % to 34.8 vol %, decreased the peak of heat release by 20%, and increased the UL 94 rating from V-1 to V-0.
KW - Biocomposites
KW - Sustainability
KW - Waste streams
KW - Flame retardancy
KW - Synergism
KW - Modes of action
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605711
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00053
SN - 2837-1445
VL - 1
IS - 6
SP - 1131
EP - 1145
PB - ACS
AN - OPUS4-60571
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scales, B. S.
A1 - Hasenrück, C.
A1 - Moldaenke, L.
A1 - Hassa, J.
A1 - Rückert-Reed, C.
A1 - Rummel, C.
A1 - Völkner, C.
A1 - Rynek, R.
A1 - Busche, T.
A1 - Kalinowski, J.
A1 - Jahnke, A.
A1 - Schmitt-Jansen, M.
A1 - Wendt-Potthoff, K.
A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja
T1 - Hunting for pigments in bacterial settlers of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
N2 - The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a significant collection of plastic introduced by human activities, provides an ideal environment to study bacterial lifestyles on plastic substrates. We proposed that bacteria colonizing the floating plastic debris would develop strategies to deal with the ultravioletexposed substrate, such as the production of antioxidant pigments. We observed a variety of pigmentation in 67 strains that were directly cultivated from plastic pieces sampled from the Garbage Patch. The genomic analysis of four representative strains, each distinct in taxonomy, revealed multiple pathways for carotenoid production. These pathways include those that produce
less common carotenoids and a cluster of photosynthetic genes. This
cluster appears to originate from a potentially new species of the Rhodobacteraceae family. This represents the first report of an aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacterium from plastic biofilms. Spectral analysis showed that the bacteria actively produce carotenoids, such as betacarotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, and bacteriochlorophyll a. Furthermore, we discovered that the genetic ability to synthesize carotenoids is more common in plastic biofilms than in the surrounding water communities. Our findings suggest that plastic biofilms could be an overlooked source of bacteria-produced carotenoids, including rare forms. It also suggests that photoreactive molecules might play a crucial role in bacterial biofilm communities in surface water.
KW - Microplastics
KW - Biofilm
KW - Pigment
KW - Microorganisms
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605725
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16639
SN - 1462-2912
VL - 26
IS - 6
SP - e16639
PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-60572
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Baláž, Matej
A1 - Birinci, Mustafa
A1 - Şentürk, Kader
A1 - Achimovičová, Marcela
A1 - Baláž, Peter
A1 - Tampubolon, Imelda Octa
A1 - Stolar, Tomislav
A1 - Bienert, Ralf
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Erdemoğlu, Sema
A1 - Sis, Hikmet
A1 - Erdemoğlu, Murat
T1 - Utilizing Taguchi method and in situ X-ray powder diffraction monitoring to determine the influence of mechanical activation conditions on the physico-chemical properties and Al leachability of K-feldspar
N2 - K-feldspar represents an important natural resource of potassium and aluminum. Within the framework of this study, the K-feldspar was mechanically activated in a planetary ball mill under different conditions planned according to 43 Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design. As outputs, specific surface area (SBET), median particle size (d50), amorphization degree of mineral phases , and Al recovery were used. It was found that the initial d50 value of 293 μm could be reduced to 6.7 μm and the SBET value of 4.7 m2/g could be increased up to 32.5 m2/g upon milling. Both microcline KAl3SiO8, and albite NaAl3SiO8 could be almost completely amorphized, whereas quartz SiO2 still maintained some crystallinity even under the most intensive conditions. Increasing SBET and decreasing the d50 values did not lead to a significant improvement in Al leach recovery, whereas a clear relationship between the amorphization of microcline and the recovered aluminum was found. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that increasing ball-to-powder ratio is the most beneficial for the improvement in Al recovery. In situ powder X-ray diffraction monitoring performed in an oscillation ball mill under synchrotron irradiation has shown very rapid amorphization of microcline phase at the beginning. However, amorphization of microcline was only partial after two hours of the treatment in this mill, apart from almost complete process in the planetary ball mill. In the end, regressions for the calculation of Al recovery by knowing the values of input parameters were calculated. In general, by just using mechanical activation without the subsequent roasting process that is commonly used to boost metal recoveries, it was possible to quantitatively recover aluminum from K-feldspar.
KW - Mechanochemistry
KW - Mechanical activation
KW - Design of experiments
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611059
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.156
SN - 2238-7854
VL - 32
SP - 3886
EP - 3895
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-61105
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bacurau, V. P.
A1 - Moreira, P. A. F. P.
A1 - Bertoli, G.
A1 - Andreoli, A. F.
A1 - Mazzer, E.
A1 - de Assis, F. F.
A1 - Gargarella, P.
A1 - Koga, G.
A1 - Stumpf, G. C.
A1 - Figueroa, S. J. A.
A1 - Widom, M.
A1 - Kaufman, M.
A1 - Fantin, Andrea
A1 - Cao, Y.
A1 - Freitas, R.
A1 - Miracle, D.
A1 - Coury, F. G.
T1 - Comprehensive analysis of ordering in CoCrNi and CrNi2 alloys
N2 - Chemical Short-Range Order (CSRO) has attracted recent attention from many researchers, creating intense debates about its impact on material properties.
The challenges lie in confirming and quantifying CSRO, as its detection proves exceptionally demanding, contributing to conflicting data in the literature regarding its true effects on mechanical properties. Our work uses highprecision calorimetric data to unambiguously prove the existence and, coupled with atomistic simulations, quantify the type of CSRO. This methodology allows us to propose a mechanism for its formation and destruction based on the heat evolution during thermal analysis and facilitates a precise identification of local ordering in CoCrNi alloys. Samples of CoCrNi (Co33Cr33Ni33) and CrNi2 (Cr33Ni66) alloys are fabricated in varying ordered states, extensively characterized via synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Samples with considerably different ordered states are submitted to tensile tests with in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. We demonstrate, despite inducing varied CSRO levels in CoCrNi, no significant alterations in overall mechanical behavior emerge.
However, the CrNi2 alloy, which undergoes long-range ordering, experiences significant shifts in yield strength, ultimate tensile stress and ductility.
KW - Mechanical properties
KW - Short-range ordering
KW - Calorimetry
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611075
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52018-w
VL - 15
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-61107
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chronakis, Michail Ioannis
A1 - Meermann, Björn
A1 - von der Au, Marcus
T1 - The evolution of data treatment tools in single-particle and single-cell ICP-MS analytics
N2 - Single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) is one of the most powerful tools in the thriving field of nanomaterial analysis. Along the same lines, single-cell ICP-MS (sc-ICP-MS) has become an invaluable tool in the study of the variances of cell populations down to a per-cell basis. Their importance and application fields have been listed numerous times, across various reports and reviews. However, not enough attention has been paid to the immense and ongoing development of the tools that are currently available to the analytical community for the acquisition, and more importantly, the treatment of single-particle and single-cell-related data. Due to the ever-increasing demands of modern research, the efficient and dependable treatment of the data has become more important than ever. In addition, the field of single-particle and single-cell analysis suffers due to a large number of approaches for the generated data—with varying levels of specificity and applicability. As a result, finding the appropriate tool or approach, or even comparing results, can be challenging. This article will attempt to bridge these gaps, by covering the evolution and current state of the tools at the disposal of sp-ICP-MS users.
Graphical Abstract
KW - Trend Article
KW - spICP-MS
KW - Data Tools
KW - scICP-MS
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-610539
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05513-4
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-61053
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sunder, S.
A1 - Jauregui Rozo, Maria
A1 - Inasu, S.
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
A1 - Ruckdäschel, H.
T1 - Investigating the changing dynamics of processing, temperature-based mechanics, and flame retardancy in the transfer of ammonium polyphosphate/inorganic silicate flame retardants from epoxy resins to glass fiber composites
N2 - Although numerous investigations study the improvement of flame retardancy of epoxy resins using additives, maintaining the flame retardant (FRs) modes of action present in the resins upon transfer to composites is challenging. In this study, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and inorganic silicate (InSi) are loaded at 10%, 30%, and 50% by weight, in a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin cured with dicyandiamide and transferred to bidirectional (BD) glass fiber (GF) composites. Although a 50% loading of the FRs impacts the curing kinetics of the resin system, the effect on the glass transition temperature of the resin system remains negligible compared to reactive FRs in the state of the art integrated into the resin's chemical structure. Increasing the FR content improved the heat release characteristics in both the resins and composites. However, the charring mode of action is completely suppressed in the formulation with 10% APP + InSi. A 30% concentration of the FRs restored the charring action in the composite and the GFs provide increased protective layer action upon transfer to the composites. This study highlights the importance of accounting for the changing dynamics related to processing and flame retardancy upon transferring FRs from resins to composites.
KW - Composites
KW - Flame retardance
KW - Resins
KW - Synthesis and processing techniques
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-610484
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.55988
SN - 1097-4628
VL - 141
IS - 39
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Wiley
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-61048
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Golian, M. J.
A1 - Friedman, D. A.
A1 - Harrison, M.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Buellesbach, J.
T1 - Chemical and transcriptomic diversity do not correlate with ascending levels of social complexity in the insect order Blattodea
N2 - AbstractEusocial insects, such as ants and termites, are characterized by high levels of coordinated social organization. This is contrasted by solitary insects that display more limited forms of collective behavior. It has been hypothesized that this gradient in sociobehavioral sophistication is positively correlated with chemical profile complexity, due to a potentially increased demand for diversity in chemical communication mechanisms in insects with higher levels of social complexity. However, this claim has rarely been assessed empirically. Here, we compare different levels of chemical and transcriptomic complexity in selected species of the order Blattodea that represent different levels of social organization, from solitary to eusocial. We primarily focus on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) complexity, since it has repeatedly been demonstrated that CHCs are key signaling molecules conveying a wide variety of chemical information in solitary as well as eusocial insects. We assessed CHC complexity and divergence between our studied taxa of different social complexity levels as well as the differentiation of their respective repertoires of CHC biosynthesis gene transcripts. Surprisingly, we did not find any consistent pattern of chemical complexity correlating with social complexity, nor did the overall chemical divergence or transcriptomic repertoire of CHC biosynthesis genes reflect on the levels of social organization. Our results challenge the assumption that increasing social complexity is generally reflected in more complex chemical profiles and point toward the need for a more cautious and differentiated view on correlating complexity on a chemical, genetic, and social level.
KW - Chemical ecology
KW - Ecological genetics
KW - Entomology
KW - Evolutionary ecology
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608260
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70063
SN - 2045-7758
VL - 14
IS - 8
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-60826
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hellemans, S.
A1 - Rocha, M. M.
A1 - Wang, M.
A1 - Romero Arias, J.
A1 - Aanen, D. K.
A1 - Bagnères, A.-G.
A1 - Buček, A.
A1 - Carrijo, T. F.
A1 - Chouvenc, T.
A1 - Cuezzo, C.
A1 - Constantini, J. P.
A1 - Constantino, R.
A1 - Dedeine, F.
A1 - Deligne, J.
A1 - Eggleton, P.
A1 - Evans, T. A.
A1 - Hanus, R.
A1 - Harrison, Mark C.
A1 - Harry, M.
A1 - Josens, G.
A1 - Jouault, C.
A1 - Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M.
A1 - Kaymak, E.
A1 - Korb, J.
A1 - Lee, C.-Y.
A1 - Legendre, F.
A1 - Li, H.-F.
A1 - Lo, N.
A1 - Lu, T.
A1 - Matsuura, K.
A1 - Maekawa, K.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Mizumoto, N.
A1 - Oliveira, D. E.
A1 - Poulsen, M.
A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D.
A1 - Su, N.-Y.
A1 - Tokuda, G.
A1 - Vargo, E. L.
A1 - Ware, J. L.
A1 - Šobotník, J.
A1 - Scheffrahn, R. H.
A1 - Cancello, E.
A1 - Roisin, Y.
A1 - Engel, M. S.
A1 - Bourguignon, T.
T1 - Genomic data provide insights into the classification of extant termites
N2 - The higher classification of termites requires substantial revision as the Neoisoptera, the most diverse termite lineage, comprise many paraphyletic and polyphyletic higher taxa. Here, we produce an updated termite classification using genomic-scale analyses. We reconstruct phylogenies under diverse substitution models with ultraconserved elements analyzed as concatenated matrices or within the multi-species coalescence framework. Our classification is further supported by analyses controlling for rogue loci and taxa, and topological tests. We show that the Neoisoptera are composed of seven family-level monophyletic lineages, including the Heterotermitidae Froggatt, Psammotermitidae Holmgren, and Termitogetonidae Holmgren, raised from subfamilial rank. The species-rich Termitidae are composed of 18 subfamily-level monophyletic lineages, including the new subfamilies Crepititermitinae, Cylindrotermitinae, Forficulitermitinae, Neocapritermitinae, Protohamitermitinae, and Promirotermitinae; and the revived Amitermitinae Kemner, Microcerotermitinae Holmgren, and Mirocapritermitinae Kemner. Building an updated taxonomic classification on the foundation of unambiguously supported monophyletic lineages makes it highly resilient to potential destabilization caused by the future availability of novel phylogenetic markers and methods. The taxonomic stability is further guaranteed by the modularity of the new termite classification, designed to accommodate as-yet undescribed species with uncertain affinities to the herein delimited monophyletic lineages in the form of new families or subfamilies.
KW - Termite
KW - Taxonomy
KW - Evolution
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608276
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51028-y
VL - 15
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-60827
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - El Moutaouakil, H.
A1 - Fuchs, C.
A1 - Savli, E.
A1 - Heimann, Jan
A1 - Prager, Jens
A1 - Moll, J.
A1 - Tschöke, K.
A1 - Márquez Reyes, O.
A1 - Schackmann, O.
A1 - Memmolo, V.
A1 - Schneider, T.
T1 - Acquiring a Machine Learning Data Set for Structural Health Monitoring of Hydrogen Pressure Vessels at Operating Conditions using Guided Ultrasonic Waves
N2 - Hydrogen is an energy source of increasing importance. As hydrogen is very reactive to air and needs to be stored under high pressure, it is crucial to provide safe transportation and storage. Therefore, structural health monitoring, based on guided ultrasonic waves and machine learning methods, is used for Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs) containing hydrogen. To acquire data that allows robust detection of COPV defects, there are two main process parameters to consider. These are the pressurization of the vessel and the temperature conditions at the vessel. This paper will focus on the derivation of a design of experiment (DoE) from the needs of various validation scenarios (e.g. concerning pressure, temperature or excitation frequency). Practical limitations must be considered as well. We designed experiments with multiple reversible damages at different positions. A network of 25 transducers, structured as five rings with five sensors in one line, is installed on a vessel. Guided ultrasonic waves are used via the pitch-catch procedure, which means that the transducers act pairwise as transmitter and receiver in order to measure all transmitterreceiver combinations. This leads to 600 signal paths, recorded by a Verasonics Vantage 64 LF data acquisition system. Finally, the influences of temperature and pressure within the acquired data set are going to be visualized.
T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring
CY - Potsdam, Germany
DA - 10.06.2024
KW - Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Guided Ultrasonic Waves
KW - Data Acquisition
KW - Pressurization
KW - Machine Learning
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607472
DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29754
SN - 1435-4934
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-60747
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kadri, Lena
A1 - Casali, Lucia
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Tajber, Lidia
T1 - Mechanochemical comparison of ball milling processes for levofloxacin amorphous polymeric systems
N2 - This study aimed to investigate the amorphization capabilities of levofloxacin hemihydrate (LVXh), a fluoroquinolone drug, using a polymer excipient, Eudragit® L100 (EL100). Ball milling (BMing) was chosen as the manufacturing process and multiple mill types were utilized for comparison purposes. The product outcomes of each mill were analyzed in detail. The solid-state of the samples produced was comprehensively characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), In-situ PXRD, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Solid-State Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS). The crystallographic planes of LVXh were investigated by in-situ PXRD to disclose the presence or absence of weak crystallographic plane(s). The mechanism of LVXh:EL100 system formation was discovered as a two-step process, first involving amorphization of LVXh followed by an interaction with EL100, rather than as an instantaneous process. DVS studies of LVXh:EL100 samples showed different stability properties depending on the mill used and % LVXh present. Overall, a more sustainable approach for achieving full amorphization of the fluoroquinolone drug, LVXh, was accomplished, and advancements to the fast-growing world of pharmaceutical mechano- and tribo-chemistry were made.
KW - Levofloxacin
KW - Eudragit® L100
KW - Mechanochemistry
KW - Phase transformation
KW - In situ monitoring
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611129
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124652
SN - 0378-5173
VL - 665
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-61112
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schneider, Beate
A1 - Pfeiffer, Friedhelm
A1 - Remus, Daniela
A1 - Dyall-Smith, Mike
A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg
ED - Klepac-Ceraj, Vanja
T1 - Genome sequence of Pseudomonas silesiensis strain G3, a member of a bacterial consortium capable of polyethylene degradation
N2 - A consortium of landfill bacteria including strain G3 can break down polyethylene, a long-lasting plastic that accumulates in the environment. The complete genome sequence of strain G3 was determined by PacBio and Nanopore sequencing and consists of three circular replicons. Genome-based classification assigned strain G3 to the species Pseudomonas silesiensis.
KW - PE degradation
KW - Polyethylene
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611618
DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00138-24
SN - 2576-098X
VL - 13
IS - 11
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - American Society for Microbiology
AN - OPUS4-61161
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Breuninger, Esther S.
A1 - Tolu, Julie
A1 - Aemisegger, Franziska
A1 - Thurnherr, Iris
A1 - Bouchet, Sylvain
A1 - Mestrot, Adrien
A1 - Ossola, Rachele
A1 - McNeill, Kristopher
A1 - Tukhmetova, Dariya
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
A1 - Meermann, Björn
A1 - Sonke, Jeroen E.
A1 - Winkel, Lenny H. E.
T1 - Marine and terrestrial contributions to atmospheric deposition fluxes of methylated arsenic species
N2 - Arsenic, a toxic element from both anthropogenic and natural sources, reaches surface environments through atmospheric cycling and dry and wet deposition. Biomethylation volatilizes arsenic into the atmosphere and deposition cycles it back to the surface, affecting soil-plant systems. Chemical speciation of deposited arsenic is important for understanding further processing in soils and bioavailability. However, the range of atmospheric transport and source signature of arsenic species remain understudied. Here we report significant levels ofmethylated arsenic in precipitation, cloudwater and aerosols collected under free tropospheric conditions at Pic du Midi Observatory (France) indicating long-range transport, which is crucial for atmospheric budgets. Through chemical analyses andmoisture source diagnostics, we identify terrestrial and marine sources for distinct arsenic species. Estimated atmospheric deposition fluxes of methylated arsenic are similar to reported methylation rates in soils, highlighting atmospheric deposition as a significant, overlooked source of potentially bioavailable methylated arsenic
species impacting plant uptake in soils.
KW - Arsenic
KW - Speciation
KW - Fluxes
KW - Marine
KW - Terrestrial
KW - Sulfur isotopes
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615551
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53974-z
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 15
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-61555
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yagdjian, H.
A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien
A1 - Hirsch, Philipp Daniel
A1 - Ziegler, Mathias
A1 - Gurka, M.
T1 - Application of the thermal shock response spectrum (TSRS) methodology to various forms of heat sources by pulse thermography and comparison by using a rotating line scan contour search algorithm
N2 - In this paper, we propose a novel contour search algorithm (CSA) for image processing. Its efficacy is evaluated through a comparative analysis with established techniques such as Canny Edge and Snakes: Active contour models, utilizing infrared thermography (IRT) images. Based on the new CSA, we investigate the influence of different pulse shapes on the IRT post-processing methodology, particularly focusing on the thermal shock response spectrum (TSRS), using two different heat sources: xenon flash lamps and a laser. Moreover, this allows for a more precise quantitative comparison of the TSRS with existing IRT post-processing techniques, including pulse phase thermography and thermal signal reconstruction, concerning the detection of defects in composite materials, particularly in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer. A quantitative comparison was performed using the Tanimoto criterion and signal-to-noise ratio. A more detailed analysis is conducted to identify inherent limitations and potential benefits of the new TSRS methodology. We further investigate and experimentally confirm our previous finding on the qualitative correlation between the one-dimensional thermal N-layer model and test data from the TSRS optimization process for defect determination. This correlation can eliminate the time-consuming optimization step, making TSRS a more attractive alternative to common IRT methods and enhancing the quantitative description of defects.
KW - Thermography
KW - Non-destructive testing
KW - NDT
KW - Defect identification
KW - Laser
KW - Contour search
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615056
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0232015
SN - 1089-7550
VL - 136
IS - 175101
SP - 1
EP - 20
PB - AIP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-61505
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abed, Jehad
A1 - Bai, Yanh
A1 - Persaud, Daniel
A1 - Kim, Jiheon
A1 - Witt, Julia
A1 - Hattrick.Simpers, Jason
A1 - Sargent, Edward
T1 - AMPERE: automated modular platform for expedited and reproducible electrochemical testing
N2 - Rapid and reliable electrochemical screening is critical to accelerate the development of catalysts for sustainable energy generation and storage. This paper introduces an automated and modular platform for expedited and reproducible electrochemical testing (AMPERE), designed to enhance the efficiency and reliability of multivariate optimization. The platform integrates a liquid-handling robot with custommade modular array reactors, offering sample preparation and electrochemical testing in the same platform. Additionally, we use offline inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICPOES) to measure metal concentrations in the electrolyte after the reaction, which serves as a proxy for assessing the electrochemical stability. We use the platform to conduct 168 experiments continuously in less than 40 hours to examine the influence of catalyst ink formulation on the performance of Ir, Ru, IrO2, and RuO2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid. We specifically investigate the role of solvent type and concentration, catalyst concentration, and binder content on the performance. We find that Ru/RuO2 catalysts show improvements in activity that are not directly linked to improvements in the electrochemical surface area or inversely correlated to Ru dissolution. This suggests a complex interplay between the catalytic performance of the drop-casted catalyst film and ink formulation. AMPERE simplifies catalyst preparation and testing at large scale, making it faster, more reliable, and accessible for
widespread use.
KW - Electrochemical screening
KW - Automated platform
KW - Catalysis
KW - Energy generation and storage
KW - Oxygen evolution reaction (OER)
KW - MAPz@BAM
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614724
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d4dd00203b
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-61472
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jauregui Rozo, Maria
A1 - Sunder, S:
A1 - Ruckdäschel, H.
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
T1 - Char, gas, and action: Transfer of the flame-retardant modes of action in epoxy resins and their fiber-reinforced composites
N2 - Flame retardants are often developed for epoxy resins and then transferred into their fiber-reinforced composites with uncertain results. Understanding this transfer in detail represents a critical scientific challenge. This study systematically compares epoxy resins with their glass-fiber reinforced composites, focusing on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether with the hardener dicyandiamide, the flame retardants melamine polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, and silane ammonium polyphosphate, along with inorganic silicate. The research investigates changes in pyrolysis (thermogravimetry), flammability (UL 94, limiting oxygen index), and fire behavior (cone calorimeter) while also examining the flame-retardant modes of action and overall fire performance. The findings reveal that alterations in the amount of fuel, thermal properties, melt flow, and protective layer significantly impact ignition, flammability, and fire load, with a critical reduction in carbonaceous char within the composites preventing intumescence. This study quantifies the effects and provides a fundamental scientific understanding of the complex transfer process of flame retardants from resins to composites, offering essential insights that are of major importance for developing more effective flame-retardant materials.
KW - Glas fibers
KW - Epoxy resins
KW - Fire behavior
KW - Flammability
KW - Composites
KW - Flame retardants
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615371
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108610
SN - 0142-9418
SN - 1873-2348
VL - 140
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-61537
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chaudhuri, Somsubhro
A1 - Stamm, Michael
A1 - Lapšanská, Ivana
A1 - Lançon, Thibault
A1 - Osterbrink, Lars
A1 - Driebe, Thomas
A1 - Hein, Daniel
A1 - Harendt, René
T1 - Infrared Thermography of Turbulence Patterns of Operational Wind Turbine Rotor Blades Supported With High‐Resolution Photography: KI‐VISIR Dataset
N2 - With increasing wind energy capacity and installation of wind turbines, new inspection techniques are being explored to examine wind turbine rotor blades, especially during operation. A common result of surface damage phenomena (such as leading edge erosion) is the premature transition of laminar to turbulent flow on the surface of rotor blades. In the KI-VISIR (Künstliche Intelligenz Visuell und Infrarot Thermografie—Artificial Intelligence-Visual and Infrared Thermography) project, infrared thermography is used as an inspection tool to capture so-called thermal turbulence patterns (TTPs) that result from such surface contamination or damage. To complement the thermographic inspections, high-resolution photography is performed to visualise, in detail, the sites where these turbulence patterns initiate. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed and used to detect and localise turbulence patterns. A unique dataset combining the thermograms and visual images of operational wind turbine rotor blades has been provided, along with the simplified annotations for the turbulence patterns. Additional tools are available to allow users to use the data requiring only basic Python programming skills.
KW - Thermography
KW - Thermografie
KW - Wind energy
KW - Leading edge erosion
KW - KI
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615772
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2958
IS - e2958
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-61577
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vo, P. H.N.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Nguyen, H. T.M.
A1 - Hamilton, B. R.
A1 - Thai, P. K.
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Mueller, J. F.
T1 - µ-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fluorine K-edge µ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy for detection of PFAS distribution in the impacted concrete
N2 - An improved understanding of the distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in PFAS-impacted concrete is important for risk management and decontamination of PFAS. This study incorporates µ-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) and fluorine K-edge µ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) spectroscopy to gain non-destructive insights into PFAS distribution in the impacted concrete. The μ-XRF and μ-XANES spectroscopy provided additional details on the detection of PFAS, which were not detected by the desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging method conducted previously. The shorter chain PFAS were found on the top part of the concrete core (0.5 cm), and longer chain PFAS were mostly at the bottom part of the concrete core (5 cm). The inorganic fluorine fraction was also detected, and it likely hampered the detection of organic fluorine such as PFAS in the concrete. Thus, this non-destructive technique is an complementary approach to detect PFAS in contaminated concrete.
KW - Beton
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - XANES spectroscopy
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616711
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100134
SN - 2666-9110
VL - 5
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-61671
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zweigle, J.
A1 - Schmidt, A.
A1 - Bugsel, B.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Simon, Fabian
A1 - Zwiener, C.
T1 - Perfluoroalkyl acid precursor or weakly fluorinated organic compound? A proof of concept for oxidative fractionation of PFAS and organofluorines
N2 - Organofluorine mass balance approaches are increasingly applied to investigate the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other organofluorines in environmental samples more comprehensively. Usually, complex samples prevent the identification and quantification of every fluorine-containing molecule. Consequently, large unidentified fractions between fluorine sum parameters such as extractable organic fluorine (EOF) and the sum of quantified analytes are frequently reported. We propose using oxidative conversion to separate (unidentified) weakly fluorinated compounds (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals) from PFAA-precursors (perfluoroalkyl chain lengths ≥ C6). We show with three organofluorine model substances (flufenamic acid, diflufenican, pantoprazole) that CF3-groups or aromatic fluorine can be quantitatively converted to inorganic fluoride and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) by applying PhotoTOP oxidation (UV/TiO2). The principle of fluorine separation in mixtures is demonstrated by the oxidation of the three weakly fluorinated compounds together with the PFAA-precursor 6:2/6:2 fluorotelomer mercaptoalkyl phosphate diester (FTMAP). After oxidation, the products F− and TFA were separated from PFCAs ( C4) by SPE, and the fractions were analyzed individually. Closed mass balances both with and without the addition of organic matrix were achieved. Eventually, the fluorine balance was verified by total fluorine measurements with combustion ion chromatography (CIC). The proposed methods should be considered a proof of concept to potentially explain unidentified fractions of the EOF, especially if compounds with low fluorine content such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and their transformation products contribute largely to the EOF. Future studies are needed to show the applicability to the complexity of environmental samples.
Graphical Abstract
KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613429
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05590-5
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-61342
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yagdjian, H.
A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien
A1 - Hirsch, Philipp Daniel
A1 - Gurka, M.
T1 - Optimization of thermal shock response spectrum as infrared thermography post-processing methodology using Latin hypercube sampling and analytical thermal N-layer model
N2 - In this work, we continue to develop and investigate the Thermal Shock Response Spectrum (TSRS) method as an alternative data processing method for infrared thermography (IRT). We focus on improving the current TSRS algorithm and present an optimization methodology for finding the optimal thermal Q-factor and characteristic frequency pair, which is based on the widely applied random sampling method. We show the qualitative relationship between the determined optimal characteristic frequency and the corresponding maximum difference in diffusion length between reference and defective models, as calculated by selecting a specific one-dimensional thermal N-layer model. The investigations were performed on an inhomogeneous plate made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) with artificial square defects at different depths. Furthermore, two different heat sources were used: a xenon flash lamp and a laser. These sources are not only distinct by their underlying physics but also generate inherently different pulse shapes. To quantitatively estimate the contrast between defect and non-defect areas, and to compare these results with commonly used infrared thermography (IRT) data postprocessing methods such as Pulse Phase Thermography (PPT) and Thermographic Signal Reconstruction (TSR), the Tanimoto criterion (TC) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were used.
KW - infrared thermography
KW - Composite materials
KW - TSRS optimization
KW - Defect identification
KW - Heat source shape
KW - N-layers model
KW - Latin Hypercube Sampling
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614283
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105582
SN - 1350-4495
VL - 143
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-61428
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bianchi, M.
A1 - Cascavilla, A.
A1 - Clavell Diaz, J.
A1 - Ladu, Luana
A1 - Palacino Blazquez, Barbara
A1 - Menger, Pierre
A1 - Staffieri, Eleonora
A1 - Yilan, Gülsah Yilan
T1 - Circular bioeconomy: A review of empirical practices across implementation scales
N2 - The European Commission has endorsed the transition to a circular bioeconomy as a crucial initiative to achieve a sustainable and climate-neutral European Union. However, this transition is inherently complex, as it involves environmental and social risks, physical limitations, and trade-offs between different dimensions of sustainability. In this context, effective monitoring and modelling of the bioeconomy are essential tools to inform decision-making at various implementation scales. This article reviews empirical research on the monitoring and modelling of the bioeconomy and their implications for decision-making across three main implementation scales: macro (national-global level); meso (regional-city level); and micro (single product, company level). The contribution of this research is twofold: First, it explores existing gaps in the field through the lens of policy implementation levels. Research gaps include the uneven distribution of indicators among sustainability pillars, the lack of standardised monitoring frameworks at the meso and micro levels, and attribution issues in bioeconomy modelling. Second, the article outlines a comprehensive research agenda, indicating specific research lines and their relevance to different implementation scales. Key research avenues, significant at all implementation scales, include enhancing the life cycle perspective, visualising trade-offs and synergies between Sustainable Development Goals, monetising externalities, and further delving into social aspects.
KW - Bioeconomy
KW - Circular Economy
KW - Sustainable Transition
KW - Bioeconomy Monitoring Framework
KW - Bioeconomy Indicators
KW - Life cycle management
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612357
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143816
VL - 477
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-61235
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - D'Agostino, Giancarlo
A1 - Oelze, Marcus
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
A1 - Ghestem, Jean-Philippe
A1 - Lafaurie, Nicolas
A1 - Klein, Ole
A1 - Pröfrock, Daniel
A1 - Di Luzio, Marco
A1 - Bergamaschi, Luigi
A1 - Jaćimović, Radojko
A1 - Oster, Caroline
A1 - Irrgeher, Johanna
A1 - Lancaster, Shaun T.
A1 - Walch, Anna
A1 - Röthke, Anita
A1 - Michaliszyn, Lena
A1 - Pramann, Axel
A1 - Rienitz, Olaf
A1 - Sara-Aho, Timo
A1 - Cankur, Oktay
A1 - Kutan, Derya
A1 - Noireaux, Johanna
T1 - Development and application of reference and routine analytical methods providing SI-traceable results for the determination of technology-critical elements in PCB from WEEE
N2 - The recovery and reprocessing of technology-critical elements (TCE) present in printed circuit boards (PCB) from electrical and electronic waste is essential both for recycling valuable materials subject to supply risk and for reducing the environmental impact. Although the quantitative knowledge of TCE amounts in endof- life PCB plays a key role, there are neither matrix certified reference materials nor harmonized analytical methods available to establish the traceability of the results to the International System of Units. To fill these gaps, we developed and applied five reference analytical methods based on ICP-MS standard addition calibrations and INAA k0- and relative calibrations suitable to certify reference materials. In addition, we developed and tested six analytical methods based on more commonly used ICP-MS external standard calibrations to provide industry with routine analysis methods. Twenty TCE (Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Dy, Ga, Gd, Ge, In, La, Li, Nd, Ni, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rh, Sm, Ta and Ti) were selected as target analytes and a batch of powdered PCB was used as measurement material. An overall mutual agreement was observed among data collected by reference methods at a few percent relative uncertainty levels. Moreover, all but one of the methods developed for routine analysis demonstrated their suitability in industrial applications by producing data within ± 20% of the values established with reference methods.
KW - Technology critical elements
KW - Electronic waste
KW - Printed circuit boards
KW - Traceability
KW - Uncertainty
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612416
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ja00235k
SN - 1364-5544
VL - 39
IS - 11
SP - 2809
EP - 2823
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-61241
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lancaster, Shaun T.
A1 - Sahlin, Eskil
A1 - Oelze, Marcus
A1 - Ostermann, Markus
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
A1 - Laperche, Valérie
A1 - Touze, Solène
A1 - Ghestem, Jean-Philippe
A1 - Dalencourt, Claire
A1 - Gendre, Régine
A1 - Stammeier, Jessica
A1 - Klein, Ole
A1 - Pröfrock, Daniel
A1 - Košarac, Gala
A1 - Jotanovic, Aida
A1 - Bergamaschi, Luigi
A1 - Di Luzio, Marco
A1 - D’Agostino, Giancarlo
A1 - Jaćimović, Radojko
A1 - Eberhard, Melissa
A1 - Feiner, Laura
A1 - Trimmel, Simone
A1 - Rachetti, Alessandra
A1 - Sara-Aho, Timo
A1 - Roethke, Anita
A1 - Michaliszyn, Lena
A1 - Pramann, Axel
A1 - Rienitz, Olaf
A1 - Irrgeher, Johanna
T1 - Evaluation of X-ray fluorescence for analysing critical elements in three electronic waste matrices: A comprehensive comparison of analytical techniques
N2 - As the drive towards recycling electronic waste increases, demand for rapid and reliable analytical methodology to analyse the metal content of the waste is increasing, e.g. to assess the value of the waste and to decide the correct recycling routes. Here, we comprehensively assess the suitability of different x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF)-based techniques as rapid analytical tools for the determination of critical raw materials, such as Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Pd and Au, in three electronic waste matrices: printed circuit boards (PCB), light emitting diodes (LED), and lithium (Li)-ion batteries. As validated reference methods and materials to establish metrological traceability are lacking, several laboratories measured test samples of each matrix using XRF as well as other independent complementary techniques (instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ICP optical emission spectrometry (OES)) as an inter-laboratory comparison (ILC). Results highlighted key aspects of sample preparation, limits of detection, and spectral interferences that affect the reliability of XRF, while additionally highlighting that XRF can provide more reliable data for certain elements compared to digestion-based approaches followed by ICP-MS analysis (e.g. group 4 and 5 metals). A clear distinction was observed in data processing methodologies for wavelength
dispersive XRF, highlighting that considering the metals present as elements (rather than oxides) induces overestimations of the mass fractions when compared to other techniques. Eventually, the effect of sample particle size was studied and indicated that smaller particle size (<200 μm) is essential for reliable determinations.
KW - XRF
KW - WEEE
KW - PCB
KW - Battery
KW - LED
KW - Recycling
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614060
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2024.10.015
VL - 190
SP - 496
EP - 505
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-61406
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lengas, Nikolaos
A1 - Müller, Karsten
A1 - Schlick‐Hasper, Eva
A1 - Neitsch, Marcel
A1 - Johann, Sergej
A1 - Zehn, Manfred W.
T1 - Drop Test Simulation of Packaging for Dangerous Goods: An Investigation of Appropriate Drop Height Adjustment in Case of Deviating Packaging Gross Mass
N2 - In the approval process of dangerous goods packagings, drop tests onto a flat, essentially unyielding surface are used to assess resistance against mechanical damage. International adopted regulations like ADR and RID define filling good dependent drop heights and filling degrees whilst the user needs to define the maximum gross mass to be tested and approved. Maximum packaging gross mass is defined conservatively and not reached in practice. To meet the defined gross mass in testing, using additives is permitted. However, in some cases, additives are not desirable due to packaging design or filling substance properties. This leads to deviations from the initial gross mass definition. Hence, a certain drop height adjustment is necessary to achieve the required impact loading. Laboratories frequently adjust drop height assuming a perfectly elastic collision that is inaccurate. Appropriate adjustment is not trivial due to energy conversion processes, for example, plastic deformation. In this work, a test stand
KW - Corrugated fibreboard box
KW - Dangerous goods packagings
KW - Drop test
KW - Impact target
KW - Mechanical response
KW - Structural dynamics
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614138
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2858
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-61413
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cios, G.
A1 - Winkelmann, A.
A1 - Nolze, Gert
A1 - Tokarski, T.
A1 - Jany, B. R.
A1 - Bala, P.
T1 - EBSD and TKD analyses using inverted contrast Kikuchi diffraction patterns and alternative measurement geometries
N2 - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns can exhibit Kikuchi bands with inverted contrast due to anomalous absorption. This can be observed, for example, on samples with nanoscale topography, in case of a low tilt backscattering geometry, or for transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) on thicker samples. Three examples are discussed where contrast-inverted physics-based simulated master patterns have been applied to find the correct crystal orientation. As first EBSD example, self-assembled gold nanostructures made of Au fcc and Au hcp phases on single-crystal germanium were investigated. Gold covered about 12% of the mapped area, with only two thirds being successfully interpreted using standard Hough-based indexing. The remaining third was solved by brute force indexing using a contrast-inverted master pattern. The second EBSD example deals with maps collected at a non-tilted surface instead of the commonly used 70◦ tilted one. As TKD example, a jet-polished foil made of duplex stainless steel 2205 was examined. The thin part close to the hole edge producing normal-contrast patterns were standard indexed. The areas of the foil that become thicker with increasing distance from the edge of the hole produce contrast-inverted patterns. They covered three times the evaluable area and were successfully processed using the contrast-inverted master pattern. In the last example, inverted patterns collected at a non-tiled sample were mathematically inverted to normal contrast, and Hough/Radon-based indexing was successfully applied.
KW - EBSD
KW - TKD
KW - Contrast inversion
KW - Topography
KW - Kikuchi diffraction
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613862
VL - 267
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-61386
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weichert, Dorina
A1 - Kister, Alexander
A1 - Houben, Sebastian
A1 - Link, Patrick
A1 - Ernis, Gunar
ED - Kiyavash, Negar
ED - Mooij, Joris M.
T1 - Robust Entropy Search for Safe Efficient Bayesian Optimization
N2 - The practical use of Bayesian Optimization (BO) in engineering applications imposes special requirements: high sampling efficiency on the one hand and finding a robust solution on the other hand. We address the case of adversarial robustness, where all parameters are controllable during the optimization process, but a subset of them is uncontrollable or even adversely perturbed at the time of application. To this end, we develop an efficient information-based acquisition function that we call Robust Entropy Search (RES). We empirically demonstrate its benefits in experiments on synthetic and real-life data. The results show that RES reliably finds robust optima, outperforming state-of-the-art algorithms.
T2 - UAI 2024
CY - Barcelona, Spain
DA - 15.07.2024
KW - Bayesian Optimization
KW - Gaussian process
KW - Active learning
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613523
UR - https://proceedings.mlr.press/v244/weichert24a.html
SN - 2640-3498
VL - 244
SP - 3711
EP - 3729
PB - Proceedings of Machine Learning Research
AN - OPUS4-61352
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schilling, Markus
A1 - Bruns, Sebastian
A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd
A1 - Kryeziu, Jehona
A1 - Schaarschmidt, Jörg
A1 - Waitelonis, Jörg
A1 - Dolabella Portella, Pedro
A1 - Durst, Karsten
T1 - Seamless Science: Lifting Experimental Mechanical Testing Lab Data to an Interoperable Semantic Representation
N2 - The scientific landscape is undergoing rapid transformations with the advent of the digital age which revolutionizes research methodologies. In materials science and engineering, an adoption of modern data management techniques is desirable to maximize the efficiency and accessibility of research efforts. Traditional practices in testing laboratories are usually inadequate for efficient data acquisition and utilization as they lead to local storage and difficulty in publication and correlation with other results. Electronic laboratory notebooks (ELNs) are promising prospects in this respect. Semantic concepts and ontologies enhance interoperability by standardizing experimental data representation. An in‐laboratory pipeline seamlessly integrating an ELN with transformation scripts to convert experimental into interoperable data in a machine‐actionable format is created in this study as a proof of concept. Tensile test results and the corresponding tensile test ontology are used exemplary. Linking ELN data to semantic concepts enriches the stored information while improving interpretability and reusability. Involving undergraduate students builds a bridge between theory and practice during their training and promotes their digital skills. This study underscores the potential of ELNs and knowledge representations as beneficial means toward improved data management practices that enhance collaborative research and education while ensuring compatibility with evolving standards and technologies.
KW - Semantic Data
KW - Data Integration
KW - Tensile Test Ontology
KW - Electronic Lab Notebook
KW - Wissensrepräsentation
KW - Education
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618251
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401527
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-61825
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gregório, Bruno J.R.
A1 - Ramos, Inês I.
A1 - Marques, Sara S.
A1 - Barreiros, Luísa
A1 - Magalhães, Luís M.
A1 - Schneider, Rudolf
A1 - Segundo, Marcela A.
T1 - Microcarrier-based fluorescent yeast estrogen screen assay for fast determination of endocrine disrupting compounds
N2 - The presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in water poses a significant threat to human and animal health, as recognized by regulatory agencies throughout the world. The Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay is an excellent method to evaluate the presence of these compounds in water due to its simplicity and capacity to assess the bioaccessible forms/fractions of these compounds. In the presence of a compound with estrogenic activity, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, containing a lacZ reporter gene encoding the enzyme β-galactosidase, are induced, the enzyme is synthesised, and released to the extracellular medium. In this work, a YES-based approach encompassing the use of a lacZ reporter gene modified strain of S. cerevisiae, microcarriers as solid support, and a fluorescent substrate, fluorescein di-β-D-galactopyranoside, is proposed, allowing for the assessment of EDCs’ presence after only 2 h of incubation. The proposed method provided an EC50 of 0.17 ± 0.03 nM and an LLOQ of 0.03 nM, expressed as 17β-estradiol. The assessment of different EDCs provided EC50 values between 0.16 and 1.2 × 103 nM. After application to wastewaters, similar results were obtained for EDCs screening, much faster, compared to the conventional 45 h spectrophotometric procedure using a commercial kit, showing potential for onsite high-throughput screening of environmental contamination.
KW - Biosensoren
KW - YES assay
KW - Endokrine Disruptoren
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602315
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125665
VL - 271
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Elsevier B.V.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-60231
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Braymer, Joseph J.
A1 - Stehling, Oliver
A1 - Stümpfig, Martin
A1 - Rösser, Ralf
A1 - Spantgar, Farah
A1 - Blinn, Catharina M.
A1 - Mühlenhoff, Ulrich
A1 - Pierik, Antonio J.
A1 - Lill, Roland
T1 - Requirements for the biogenesis of [2Fe-2S] proteins in the human and yeast cytosol
N2 - The biogenesis of iron–sulfur (Fe/S) proteins entails the synthesis and trafficking of Fe/S clusters, followed by their insertion into target apoproteins. In eukaryotes, the multiple steps of biogenesis are accomplished by complex protein machineries in both mitochondria and cytosol. The underlying biochemical pathways have been elucidated over the past decades, yet the mechanisms of cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein assembly have remained ill-defined. Similarly, the precise site of glutathione (GSH) requirement in cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S protein biogenesis is unclear, as is the molecular role of the GSH-dependent cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (cGrxs). Here, we investigated these questions in human and yeast cells by various in vivo approaches. [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly of cytosolic target apoproteins required the mitochondrial ISC machinery, the mitochondrial transporter Atm1/ABCB7 and GSH, yet occurred independently of both the CIA system and cGrxs. This mechanism was strikingly different from the ISC-, Atm1/ABCB7-, GSH-, and CIA-dependent assembly of cytosolic–nuclear [4Fe-4S] proteins. One notable exception to this cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation pathway defined here was yeast Apd1 which used the CIA system via binding to the CIA targeting complex through its C-terminal tryptophan. cGrxs, although attributed as [2Fe-2S] cluster chaperones or trafficking proteins, were not essential in vivo for delivering [2Fe-2S] clusters to either CIA components or target apoproteins. Finally, the most critical GSH requirement was assigned to Atm1-dependent export, i.e. a step before GSH-dependent cGrxs function. Our findings extend the general model of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis by adding the molecular requirements for cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation.
KW - Biokorrosion
KW - Hydrogenasen
KW - Microbially Induced Corrosion
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602328
DO - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400740121
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 121
IS - 21
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
CY - Washington D.C.
AN - OPUS4-60232
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dace, Elina
A1 - Cascavilla, Alessandro
A1 - Bianchi, Marco
A1 - Chioatto, Elisa
A1 - Zecca, Emy
A1 - Ladu, Luana
A1 - Yilan, Gülsah
T1 - Barriers to transitioning to a circular bio-based economy: Findings from an industrial perspective
N2 - The transition from a linear fossil-based to a circular bio-based economy represents an opportunity and a suitable pathway for achieving several sustainable development goals. However, the transition is a complex process since it requires transformative policies, purposeful innovation, access to finance, risk-taking capacity as well as new and sustainable business models and markets. Accordingly, the first step in this transition process is the identification of barriers that are hampering the transition to a sustainable circular bio-based economy. With this motivation in mind, this study reviews grey literature to identify barriers focusing on four critical sectors facing major challenges within the current linear economy and requiring a sustainable transition most urgently: construction, chemicals, plastics, and textile sectors. Employing an adapted STEEP methodology (Social, Technological, Economical, Environmental, Political), a total of 193 different barriers have been identified and clustered under six categories: cultural, technical, economic, environmental, governance, and structural. Regardless of the sector, cultural and structural barriers are identified as the most prominent; the lack of incentives for consumer behaviour change and lack of stakeholder collaboration were the most cited barriers among the literature records. From a value chain perspective, most of the barriers are related to the material processing and product manufacturing stage. Finally, potential solutions, extracted from the grey literature, are proposed to fill the gaps and overcome the identified barriers. Many of the identified barriers are common across the four investigated sectors, indicating the solutions or measures can be applicable in a wider perspective to promote the transition in the right direction.
KW - Circular Bio-based Economy
KW - Barriers
KW - Sustainability
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602062
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2024.05.029
VL - 48
SP - 407
EP - 418
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-60206
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Albakri, Bashar
A1 - Turski Silva Diniz, Analice
A1 - Benner, Philipp
A1 - Muth, Thilo
A1 - Nakajima, Shinichi
A1 - Favaro, Marco
A1 - Kister, Alexander
ED - Hillman, Robert
T1 - Machine learning-assisted equivalent circuit identification for dielectric spectroscopy of polymers
N2 - Polymers have become indispensable across fields of application, and understanding their structure–property relationships and dynamic behaviour is essential for performance optimization. Polymer membranes, particularly ion exchange membranes, play a crucial role in renewable energy conversion technologies, fuel cells, solar energy conversion, and energy storage. In this context, broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) offers a powerful, non-destructive approach to investigate the electrical response and relaxation dynamics of polymers. These properties are investigated by parametrizing the system’s impedance response in terms of a network of circuit elements, i.e. the electrical equivalent circuit (EEC), whose impedance resembles the one of the system under investigation. However, the determination of the EEC from BDS data is challenging due to system complexity, interdependencies of circuit elements, and researcher biases. In this work, we propose a novel approach that incorporates a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to predict the EEC topology. By reducing user bias and enhancing data analysis, this approach aims to make BDS accessible to both experienced users and those with limited expertise. We show that the combination of machine learning and BDS provides valuable insights into the dynamic behaviour of polymer membranes, thus facilitating the design and characterization of tailored polymers for various applications. We also show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art machine learning methods with a top-5 accuracy of around 80% for predicting the circuit topology and a parameter fitting error as low as 0.05%.
KW - Polymer membranes
KW - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
KW - Broadband dielectric spectroscopy
KW - Deep learning
KW - Machine learning
KW - Equivalent circuit
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602138
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144474
SN - 0013-4686
VL - 496
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-60213
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Groschke, Matthias
A1 - Becker, Roland
T1 - Comparison of carrier gases for the separation and quantification of mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) fractions using online coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection
N2 - On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (HPLC-GC-FID) was used to compare the effect of hydrogen, helium and nitrogen as carrier gases on the chromatographic characteristics for the quantification of mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) traces in food related matrices. After optimisation of chromatographic parameters nitrogen carrier gas exhibited characteristics equivalent to hydrogen and helium regarding requirements set by current guidelines and standardisation such as linear range, quantification limit and carry over. Though nitrogen expectedly led to greater peak widths, all required separations of standard compounds were sufficient and humps of saturated mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOAH) were appropriate to enable quantitation similar to situations where hydrogen or helium had been used. Slightly increased peak widths of individual hump components did not affect shapes and widths of the MOSH and MOAH humps were not significantly affected by the use of nitrogen as carrier gas. Notably, nitrogen carrier gas led to less solvent peak tailing and smaller baseline offset. Overall, nitrogen may be regarded as viable alternative to hydrogen or helium and may even extend the range of quantifiable compounds to highly volatile hydrocarbon eluting directly after the solvent peak.
KW - Mineral oil hydrocarobons
KW - Food
KW - Liquid chromatography
KW - Gas chromatography
KW - MOSH/MOAH
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601450
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464946
SN - 0021-9673
VL - 1726
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-60145
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schepers, Winfried
A1 - Kulke, D.
T1 - Cone penetration tests and dynamic soil properties
N2 - ISO 14837-32:2015 and DIN EN 1998-1/NA:2021 as well as prEN 1997-2:2022 allow for us-ing correlations between the results of in-situ soil penetration tests and shear wave velocity (or shear modulus) to determine soil properties to be used in dynamic analyses. While the ISO and prEN standards even provide some recommendations on specific correlations to be used, the DIN standard does not. Due to the statistical nature of such correlations their general applica-bility has to be verified. We collected data sets from test sites from Germany as well as New Zealand at which cone penetration tests (CPT) as well as seismic site investigation methods were conducted. These sites comprise sandy soils as well as clayey soils, mixed soils as well as glacial soils. We compare the results of several correlations between CPT results and shear wave velocity. The accuracy of such correlations is assessed with respect to the accuracy of seismic in-situ tests. It turns out that for clean sands such correlations between CPT and Vs have a similar order of variability as seismic in-situ tests conducted at the same site. The higher the fines portion of the soil, the higher the variability of the statistical correlations, and conse-quently the less the general applicability. For glacial soils and other special soil types usage of statistical correlations to determine dynamic soil properties is not recommended.
T2 - XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics
CY - Delft, Netherlands
DA - 02.07.2023
KW - Wave propagation
KW - Soil properties
KW - Dynamic excitation
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604887
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/25/252005
VL - 2647
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - IOP Publishing
CY - Bristol
AN - OPUS4-60488
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schepers, Winfried
A1 - Brinkgreve, RBJ
A1 - Appel, S.
T1 - Recommendations on finite element modelling of non-seismic excitation in soil-structure interaction problems
N2 - Nowadays geotechnical engineering firms have powerful software tools to extent their consult-ing business also into dynamic soil-structure interaction, which before has been restricted to a rather small community of specialized experts in this field, and they certainly do. This is par-ticularly true with respect to non-seismic sources, that is all kinds of human induced vibrations. Hence, there is a demand from clients as well as from contractors to have guidance on the re-quirements as well as the limits of numerical modelling of soil-structure interaction. From the literature as well as from relevant standards, recommendations for the numerical modelling of soil-structure interaction problems involving seismic actions are well known, e. g. ASCE/SEI 4-16. There are, however, some particularities when dealing with human-induced vibrations, which are absent in seismic analyses. For human-induced excitations very little specific guid-ance has been published in the past. A machine foundation on a homogeneous half space ex-cited by harmonic loads with excitation frequency between 4 Hz and 64 Hz has been ana-lysed by means of several commercially available software packages. Parametric studies have been performed to verify if recommendations for seismic soil-structure analyses are valid for non-seismic analyses as well. This paper provides details on the benchmark example and the most important conclusions from the undertaken parametric studies.
T2 - XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics
CY - Delft, Netherlands
DA - 02.07.2023
KW - Numerische Analysen
KW - Referenzbeispiel
KW - Maschinenfundament
KW - Wellenausbreitung
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604931
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/8/082014
SN - 1742-6596
VL - 2647
IS - 25
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - IOP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-60493
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Li, Guiping
A1 - Liu, Ye
A1 - Schultz, Thorsten
A1 - Exner, Moritz
A1 - Muydinov, Ruslan
A1 - Wang, Hui
A1 - Scheurell, Kerstin
A1 - Huang, Jieyang
A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina
A1 - Pinna, Nicola
A1 - Koch, Norbert
A1 - Adelhelm, Philipp
A1 - Bojdys, Michael J.
T1 - One‐Pot Synthesis of High‐Capacity Sulfur Cathodes via In‐Situ Polymerization of a Porous Imine‐Based Polymer
N2 - AbstractLithium‐ion batteries, essential for electronics and electric vehicles, predominantly use cathodes made from critical materials like cobalt. Sulfur‐based cathodes, offering a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g−1 and environmental advantages due to sulfur's abundance and lower toxicity, present a more sustainable alternative. However, state‐of‐the‐art sulfur‐based electrodes do not reach the theoretical capacities, mainly because conventional electrode production relies on mixing of components into weakly coordinated slurries. Consequently, sulfur‘s mobility leads to battery degradation—an effect known as the “sulfur‐shuttle”. This study introduces a solution by developing a microporous, covalently‐bonded, imine‐based polymer network grown in situ around sulfur particles on the current collector. The polymer network (i) enables selective transport of electrolyte and Li‐ions through pores of defined size, and (ii) acts as a robust host to retain the active component of the electrode (sulfur species). The resulting cathode has superior rate performance from 0.1 C (1360 mAh g−1) to 3 C (807 mAh g−1). Demonstrating a high‐performance, sustainable sulfur cathode produced via a simple one‐pot process, our research underlines the potential of microporous polymers in addressing sulfur diffusion issues, paving the way for sulfur electrodes as viable alternatives to traditional metal‐based cathodes.
KW - In-situ polymerization
KW - Sulfur cathodes
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604215
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202400382
SN - 1433-7851
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-60421
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Häßler, Dustin
A1 - Mund, Maximilian
A1 - Daus, Lars-Hendrik
A1 - Hothan, Sascha
A1 - Schaumann, Peter
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
T1 - Durability of intumescent coatings and recommendations for test concepts for a working life of more than 10 years
N2 - It is an essential requirement for all building products to ensure durability of their fire safety. Throughout the working life of products, intumescent coatings are aged by certain climatic factors. To predict a lifetime of several years, generally the behaviour of the intumescent coating is extrapolated based on accelerated artificial ageing. The established German and European procedures to assess the durability assume a working life of at least 10 years. For a longer period, additional evidence is required; yet the procedure and the specifications to justify this are not described. In addition to addressing this formal lack, from a scientific point of view it is necessary to investigate the degradation of intumescent coatings in detail and to propose a reliable test concept to assess durability for more than 10 years. This paper summarises the existing knowledge about the ageing of intumescent coatings. The results of various demanding weathering approaches are presented for two intumescent coatings tested in a joint research project. Moreover, formulations with a reduced amount of functionally relevant components were analysed to gain insight into the associated effects. Derived from these research results and knowledge, recommendations are proposed to assess the durability of intumescent coatings for more than 10 years based on a combination of verifications.
KW - Ageing
KW - Fire protection
KW - Intumescent coating
KW - Steel construction
KW - Working life
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603852
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104173
SN - 0379-7112
VL - 146
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-60385
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hirsch, Philipp Daniel
A1 - Kunji Purayil, Sruthi Krishna
A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien
A1 - Hassenstein, Christian
A1 - Ziegler, Mathias
T1 - Robotergestützte 3D-Scans und Laserthermografie zur Prüfung an komplexen Bauteilen auf Risse
N2 - Die Integration von Automation und Robotik in die Prüfprozesse ermöglicht die
Untersuchung komplexer Bauteile. Diese Studie präsentiert die robotergestützte
Laserthermografie, um Risse in solchen Bauteilen zu identifizieren und analysieren. Diese Technik ermöglicht die automatisierte Rissprüfung welche im Vergleich zur Farbeindringprüfung auf viele, meist manuelle, Arbeitsschritte sowie die notwendigen Chemikalien verzichtet.
Zusätzlich wird ein automatisiertes Einscannen der Bauteile mithilfe eines
Linienscanners vorgestellt. Dieser Schritt ermöglicht eine detaillierte 3D-Rekonstruktion der Bauteilgeometrie und ermöglicht eine einfache Korrektur von Abweichungen in der Bauteilaufnahme und eröffnet Möglichkeiten zur adaptiven Bahnplanung bei Bauteilverformungen.
Die Rückprojektion der gefundenen Risse auf die Oberfläche des Bauteils kann
automatisiert erfolgen. Dieser Schritt erlaubt nicht nur die Identifikation der Risse, sondern auch eine genauere Analyse ihrer Geometrie und Lage am Bauteil.
Die Kombination von robotergestützter Laserthermografie, automatisiertem 3DScanning und Rückprojektion der Risse auf die Bauteiloberfläche eröffnet neue
Möglichkeiten in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von komplexen Bauteilen und erweitert damit mögliche Anwendungsfelder.
T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 06.05.2024
KW - ZFP4.0
KW - Automatisierung
KW - Thermografie
KW - Laser
KW - Roboter
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604811
UR - https://www.ndt.net/?id=29520
VL - 182
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - NDT.net
AN - OPUS4-60481
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maulas, Kryzzyl M.
A1 - Paredes, Charla S.
A1 - Tabelin, Carlito Baltazar
A1 - Jose, Mark Anthony
A1 - Opiso, Einstine M.
A1 - Arima, Takahiko
A1 - Park, Ilhwan
A1 - Mufalo, Walubita
A1 - Ito, Mayumi
A1 - Igarashi, Toshifumi
A1 - Phengsaart, Theerayut
A1 - Villas, Edrhea
A1 - Dagondon, Sheila L.
A1 - Metillo, Ephrime B.
A1 - Uy, Mylene M.
A1 - Manua, Al James A.
A1 - Villacorte-Tabelin, Mylah
T1 - Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Ureolytic Bacteria from Mindanao, Philippines: Prospects for Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP)
N2 - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), a widespread phenomenon in nature, is gaining attention as a low-carbon alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in geotechnical engineering and the construction industry for sustainable development. In the Philippines, however, very few works have been conducted to isolate and identify indigenous, urease-producing (ureolytic) bacteria suitable for MICP. In this study, we isolated seven, ureolytic and potentially useful bacteria for MICP from marine sediments in Iligan City. DNA barcoding using 16s rDNA identified six of them as Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Stutzerimonas stutzeri but the seventh was not identified since it was a bacterial consortium. Bio-cementation assay experiments showed negligible precipitation in the control (without bacteria) at pH 7, 8, and 9. However, precipitates were formed in all seven bacterial isolates, especially between pH 7 and 8 (0.7–4 g). Among the six identified bacterial species, more extensive precipitation (2.3–4 g) and higher final pH were observed in S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai, which indicate better urease production and decomposition, higher CO2 generation, and more favorable CaCO3 formation. Characterization of the precipitates by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the formation of three carbonate minerals: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Based on these results, all six identified indigenous, ureolytic bacterial species from Iligan City are suitable for MICP provided that the pH is controlled between 7 and 8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the urease-producing ability and potential for MICP of P. stutzeri, P. pseudoalcaligenes, S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai.
KW - Calcium carbonate
KW - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)
KW - Ureolytic bacteria
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600888
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040339
VL - 14
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-60088
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Casperson, Ralf
A1 - Friedrich, Alexander
A1 - Heckel, Thomas
A1 - Zhang, Tianyun
T1 - Verwendung von DICONDE bei der Eisenbahn-Schienenprüfung
N2 - Bei der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung verlegter Eisenbahnschienen werden die Rohdaten derzeit in proprietären Datenformaten gespeichert und auf Datenträgern zwischen den Prüfzügen und den auswertenden Stellen versendet. Die proprietären Datenformate sind in der Regel nur den Herstellern der Prüfsysteme bekannt und deren Dokumentation nicht allgemein zugänglich.
Die „Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation“ (DICONDE), basierend auf dem medizinischen Standard „Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine“ (DICOM), ermöglicht es, sowohl Prüfdaten als auch Prüfergebnisse und Streckeninformationen in einem standardisierten Format zu speichern und zwischen verschiedenen Endpunkten zu übertragen.
Das Poster gibt zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über die hierarchische Struktur von DICONDE und zeigt dann, wie DICONDE bei der Prüfung verlegter Eisenbahnschienen verwendet werden kann. Die geometrischen Besonderheiten (mehrere Kilometer Länge pro Prüffahrt, kurviger Streckenverlauf) stellen dabei eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Im Rahmen des mFUND-geförderten Projektes „Arteficial Intelligence for Railway Inspection (AIFRI)“, Förderkennzeichen 19FS2014C, wurde ein Vorschlag für eine Erweiterung des DICONDE-Standards für die Schienenprüfung erarbeitet und bei der ASTM eingereicht.
T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - DICONDE
KW - Eisenbahn
KW - Schienenprüfung
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600204
DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29500
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - NDT.net
AN - OPUS4-60020
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Poka, Konstantin
A1 - Ali, Sozol
A1 - Saeed, Waleed
A1 - Merz, Benjamin
A1 - Epperlein, Martin
A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai
T1 - Design and implementation of a machine log for PBF-LB/M on basis of IoT communication architectures and an ETL pipeline
N2 - AbstractPowder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam of Metals (PBF-LB/M) has gained more industrial relevance and already demonstrated applications at a small series scale. However, its widespread adoption in various use cases faces challenges due to the absence of interfaces to established Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) that support customers in the predominantly data-driven quality assurance. Current state-of-the-art PBF-LB/M machines utilize communication architectures, such as OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA), Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API). In the context of the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and the Internet of Things (IoT), the assets, particularly the physical PBF-LB/M machines, already have an integration layer implemented to communicate data such as process states or sensor values. Missing is an MES component acting as a communication and information layer. To address this gap, the proposed Extract Transform Load (ETL) pipeline aims to extract relevant data from the fabrication of each build cycle down to the level of scan vectors and additionally to register process signals. The suggested data schema for archiving each build cycle adheres to all terms defined by ISO/TC 261—Additive Manufacturing (AM). In relation to the measurement frequency, all data are reorganized into entities, such as the AM machine, build cycle, part, layer, and scan vector. These scan vectors are stored in a runtime-independent format, including all metadata, to be valid and traceable. The resulting machine log represents a comprehensive documentation of each build cycle, enabling data-driven quality assurance at process level.
KW - FAIR data
KW - Data-driven quality assurance
KW - Laser powder bed fusion
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601256
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-024-00660-7
SN - 2363-9512
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-60125
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schlögl, Johanna
A1 - Goldammer, Ole
A1 - Bader, Julia
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Riedel, Sebastian
T1 - Introducing AFS ([Al(SO3F)3]x) – a thermally stable, readily available, and catalytically active solid Lewis superacid
N2 - This paper introduces the thermally stable, solid Lewis superacid aluminium tris(fluorosulfate) (AFS), that is easy-to-synthesize from commercially available starting materials. Its applicability, e.g. in catalytic C–F bond activations, is shown.
KW - Lewis Acid
KW - C-F activation
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601001
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC01753F
SN - 2041-6520
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-60100
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Stephan
A1 - Hoffmann, Holger
A1 - Garbe, Leif-Alexander
A1 - Harrer, Andrea
A1 - Steiner, Markus
A1 - Himly, Martin
A1 - Schneider, Rudolf
T1 - Re-assessment of monoclonal antibodies against diclofenac for their application in the analysis of environmental waters
N2 - The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac (DCF) is an important environmental contaminant occurring in surface waters all over the world, because, after excretion, it is not adequately removed from wastewater in sewage treatment plants. To be able to monitor this pollutant, highly efficient analytical methods are needed, including immunoassays. In a medical research project, monoclonal antibodies against diclofenac and its metabolites had been produced. Based on this monoclonal anti-DCF antibody, a new indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and applied for environmental samples. The introduction of a spacer between diclofenac and the carrier protein in the coating conjugate led to higher sensitivity. With a test midpoint of 3 mg L−1 and a measurement range of 1–30 mg L−1, the system is not sensitive enough for direct analysis of surface water. However, this assay is quite robust against matrix influences and can be used for wastewater. Without adjustment of the calibration, organic solvents up to 5%, natural organic matter (NOM) up to 10 mg L−1, humic acids up to 2.5 mg L−1, and salt concentrations up to 6 g L−1 NaCl and 75 mg L−1 CaCl2 are tolerated. The antibody is also stable in a pH range from 3 to 12. Cross-reactivity (CR) of 1% or less was determined for the metabolites 40-hydroxydiclofenac (40-OH-DCF), 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DCF), DCF lactam, and other NSAIDs. Relevant cross-reactivity occurred only with an amide derivative of DCF, 6-aminohexanoic acid (DCF-Ahx), aceclofenac (ACF) and DCF methyl ester (DCF-Me) with 150%, 61% and 44%, respectively. These substances, however, have not been found in samples. Only DCF-acyl glucuronide with a cross-reactivity of 57% is of some relevance. For the first time, photodegradation products were tested for cross-reactivity. With the ELISA based on this antibody, water samples were analysed. In sewage treatment plant effluents, concentrations in the range of 1.9–5.2 mg L−1 were determined directly, with recoveries compared to HPLC-MS/MS averaging 136%.
Concentrations in lakes ranged from 3 to 4.4 ng L−1 and were, after pre-concentration, determined with an average recovery of 100%
KW - Antikörper
KW - Immunoassay
KW - Wasser
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602280
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ay01333b
VL - 16
IS - 21
SP - 3349
EP - 3363
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-60228
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Galleani, Gustavo
A1 - Lodi, Thiago A.
A1 - Conner, Robin L.
A1 - Jacobsohn, Luiz G.
A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi
T1 - Photoluminescence and X-ray induced scintillation in Gd3+-Tb3+ co-doped fluoride-phosphate glasses, and derived glass-ceramics containing NaGdF4 nanocrystals
N2 - The glass system (50NaPO3–20BaF2–10CaF2–20GdF3)-xTbCl3 with x = 0.3, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt % was investigated. We successfully produced transparent glass ceramic (GC) scintillators with x = 1 through a melt-quenching process followed by thermal treatment. The luminescence and crystallization characteristics of these materials were thoroughly examined using various analytical methods. The nanocrystallization of Tb3+-doped Na5Gd9F32 within the doped fluoride-phosphate glasses resulted in enhanced photoluminescence (PL) and radioluminescence (RL) of the Tb3+ ions. The GC exhibited an internal PL quantum yield of 33 % and the integrated RL intensity across the UV-visible range was 36 % of that reported for the commercial BGO powder scintillator. This research showcases that Tb-doped fluoridephosphate GCs containing nanocrystalline Na5Gd9F32 have the potential to serve as efficient scintillators while having lower melting temperature compared to traditional silicate and germanate glasses.
KW - Glass scintillator
KW - Fluoride phosphate glasses
KW - Gd3+
KW - Tb3+
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603588
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omx.2023.100288
VL - 21
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-60358
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -