TY - JOUR
A1 - You, Yi
A1 - Xue, Boyang
A1 - Riedel, Jens
T1 - Enhancement of LIBS plasma in air with organic solvent vapors
N2 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers versatile, field-deployable elemental analysis; however, compact, high-repetition-rate nanosecond laser systems typically face constraints in power consumption and size, often compromising emission intensity and thus analytical performance. We demonstrate a significant improvement in LIBS signals through the controlled introduction of common organic solvent vapors into a sheath gas, with a diode-pumped solid-state laser (1064 nm, 2–28 kHz repetition rate, 450–600-μJ pulse energy). Optical and acoustic diagnostics reveal up to ca. 40-fold enhancement of the N II emission line at 567 nm when ambient air serves as the analyte. Maximal enhancement occurs at intermediate repetition rates of ca. 15 kHz, particularly at pulse energies approaching the optical breakdown threshold; this observation suggests a viable strategy for operating LIBS at lower pulse energies and higher repetition rates. Enhancement effects scale jointly with both vapor pressure and ionization energy of the organic species, with acetone and toluene markedly outperforming methanol and isopropanol. These findings provide a rational foundation for significantly improving the analytical performance of portable LIBS instruments without exceeding platform-specific constraints.
KW - LIBS
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653758
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2025.107309
SN - 0584-8547
VL - 236
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-65375
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wittwer, Philipp
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Simon, Fabian
A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Less Is More: Influence of Cross-Linking Agent Concentration on PFOS Adsorption in Chitosan
N2 - As a result of the continuous use of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), e.g., in aviation firefighting foams, contamination with PFAS has been found in soil, groundwater, and surface water around thousands of industrial and military installations. Due to their harmful (environmental) potential, further dispersion in the environment needs to be stopped, which can be achieved by appropriate absorption materials. In this work, the influence of the cross-linking agent epichlorohydrin (ECH) concentration on the perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) adsorption capacity of chitosan gel was investigated. It was found that higher ECH concentration during the cross-linking step decreases the PFOS adsorption capacity of the cross-linked chitosan gel from 0% to 4% ECH solution by about 15%. Using a concentration of 1%, ECH resulted still in an acid-stable material, and a maximum PFOS loading capacity of 4.04 mmol/g was obtained, one of the highest described in the literature. Furthermore, we used a rapid small-scale column test to compare the PFOS adsorption capacity of chitosan and activated carbon, each in both milled and unmilled form. Unmilled chitosan showed the highest PFOS adsorption capacity considering adsorption material dry masses (>0.9 and <0.4 mmol/g for both types of chitosan and activated carbon, respectively). Milled activated carbon proved to be the better adsorption material, considering the fixed volume of the adsorber (>99.9% PFOS adsorbed). Overall, the cross-linking agent concentration in chitosan is a crucial factor influencing its PFOS absorption potential. Our results feature cross-linked chitosan as an effective economic and ecologic alternative for PFOS adsorption in aqueous solutions.
KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Remediation
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618406
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311145
VL - 14
IS - 23
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-61840
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schutter, Jan David
A1 - Eberhardt, Karl
A1 - Elert, Anna Maria
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Geißler, Daniel
A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem
T1 - Synthesis and characterization of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) anchored polystyrene microparticles as a synthetic model system for attachment studies
N2 - Outer membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play a crucial role in determining attachment behavior and pathogenicity of bacteria. The aim of this study was to develop a simple procedure for anchoring bacterial lipopolysaccharides to polystyrene (PS) microparticles as a model system for in situ attachment studies. By using a swellcapture methodology, commercially available LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 27316 serotype 10.22) was anchored onto PS microparticles in a proof-of-concept study. A detailed chemical and morphological characterization has proven the success of LPS incorporation. It was shown that the coverage and structure of the LPS film was concentration dependent. The procedure can easily be adapted to LPS of other bacterial strains to generate a synthetic model toolkit for attachment studies.
KW - Bacterial lipopolysaccharides
KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
KW - Polystyrene microparticles
KW - Swell-capture
KW - Biomimicry
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579818
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113301
SN - 0927-7765
VL - 226
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-57981
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wetzel, Annica
A1 - von der Au, Marcus
A1 - Dietrich, P. M.
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem
A1 - Witt, Julia
T1 - The comparison of the corrosion behavior of the CrCoNi medium entropy alloy and CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy
N2 - This work presents the determination of the corrosion characteristics of CrCoNi (medium entropy alloy) and CrMnFeCoNi (high entropy alloy) in 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M H2SO4. The morphology and chemical composition of the oxide layers formed on CrCoNi and CrMnFeCoNi were comparatively analyzed by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and supported with chemical analysis by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The analysis of the 3p core level peaks showed that the oxide layer (native and after anodic passivation) on CrCoNi consisted mainly of Cr oxides, while the oxide layer on CrMnFeCoNi was primarily composed of a mixture of Cr and Fe oxides. In addition, XPS was utilized to assess the oxide layer thicknesses. These results were compared to the thicknesses obtained by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with both approaches yielding values up to about 4 nm depending on the electrolyte and the alloy. Cyclic polarization measurements indicated superior corrosion resistance of CrCoNi in both aqueous environments compared to CrMnFeCoNi, as well as to AISI 304 stainless steel.
KW - Medium entropy alloy
KW - High entropy alloy
KW - SKPFM
KW - XPS
KW - Passivation
KW - Corrosion
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-559902
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154171
SN - 0169-4332
VL - 601
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-55990
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wen, Keqing
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
A1 - Schwibbert, Karin
A1 - Bell, Jérémy
T1 - Microfluidic platform with precisely controlled hydrodynamic parameters and integrated features for generation of microvortices to accurately form and monitor biofilms in flow
N2 - Microorganisms often live in habitats characterized by fluid flow, and their adhesion to surfaces in industrial systems or clinical settings may lead to pipe clogging, microbially influenced corrosion, material deterioration, food spoilage, infections, and human illness. Here, a novel microfluidic platform was developed to investigate biofilm formation under precisely controlled (i) cell concentration, (ii) temperature, and (iii) flow conditions. The developed platform central unit is a single-channel microfluidic flow cell designed to ensure ultrahomogeneous flow and condition in its central area, where features, e.g., with trapping properties, can be incorporated. In comparison to static and macroflow chamber assays for biofilm studies, microfluidic chips allow in situ monitoring of biofilm formation under various flow regimes and have better environment control and smaller sample requirements. Flow simulations and experiments with fluorescent particles were used to simulate bacteria flow in the platform cell for calculating flow velocity and direction at the microscale level. The combination of flow analysis and fluorescent strain injection in the cell showed that microtraps placed at the center of the channel were efficient in capturing bacteria at determined positions and to study how flow conditions, especially microvortices, can affect biofilm formation. The microfluidic platform exhibited improved performances in terms of homogeneity and robustness for in vitro biofilm formation. We anticipate the presented platform to be suitable for broad, versatile, and high-throughput biofilm studies at the microscale level.
KW - Topographical pattern
KW - E. coli
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Bacteria trapping
KW - Particle velocimetry
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-610450
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00101
SN - 2373-9878
VL - 10
IS - 7
SP - 4626
EP - 4634
PB - ACS Publ.
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-61045
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wetzel, Annica
A1 - Morell, Daniel
A1 - von der Au, Marcus
A1 - Wittstock, Gunther
A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem
A1 - Witt, Julia
T1 - Transpassive Metal Dissolution vs. Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Implication for Alloy Stability and Electrocatalysis
T1 - Transpassive Metallauflösung vs. Sauerstoffentwicklung:
Auswirkungen auf Legierungsstabilität und Elektrokatalyse
N2 - Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) are gaining interest in corrosion and electrocatalysis research due to their electrochemical stability across a broad pH range and the design flexibility they offer. Using the equimolar CrCoNi alloy, we observe significant metal dissolution in a corrosive electrolyte (0.1 M NaCl, pH 2) concurrently with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the transpassive region despite the absence of hysteresis in polarization curves or other obvious corrosion indicators. We present a characterization scheme to delineate the contribution of OER and alloy dissolution, using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for OER-onset detection, and quantitative chemical analysis with inductively coupled-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ultraviolet visible light (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to elucidate metal dissolution processes. In-situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) revealed that the transpassive metal dissolution on CrCoNi is dominated by intergranular corrosion. These results have significant implications for the stability of MPEAs in corrosion systems, emphasizing the necessity of analytically determining metal ions released from MPEA electrodes into the electrolyte when evaluating Faradaic efficiencies of OER catalysts. The release of transition metal ions not only reduces the Faradaic efficiency of electrolyzers but may also cause poisoning and degradation of membranes in electrochemical reactors.
N2 - Multi-Hauptelement-Legierungen (MPEAs) gewinnen in der Korrosions- und Elektrokatalyseforschung aufgrund ihrer elektrochemischen Stabilität über einen breiten pH-Bereich und der Vielfalt der möglichen chemischen Zusammensetzungen zunehmend an Interesse. In unseren Untersuchungen mit der äquimolaren CrCoNi-Legierung in einem sauren Elektrolyten (0.1 M NaCl, pH 2) beobachteten wir eine signifikante Metallauflösung, die mit der Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER) im transpassiven Bereich einhergeht, obwohl in zyklischen Polarisationskurven keine Hysterese auftrat oder andere offensichtliche Korrosionsindikatoren vorlagen. In diesem Artikel wird ein Charakterisierungskonzept eingeführt, dass die Beiträge der OER und der Legierungsauflösung differenziert. Hierfür kommt die elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie (SECM) zum Nachweis des Beginns der OER und die quantitative chemische Analyse mit induktiv gekoppelter Massenspektrometrie (ICP-MS) und UV/Vis-Spektrometrie zur Aufklärung der Metallauflösungsprozesse zum Einsatz. Die elektrochemische In situ-Atomkraftmikroskopie (EC-AFM) zeigte, dass die intergranulare Korrosion der dominierende Mechanismus der transpassive Metallauflösung von CrCoNi ist. Diese Ergebnisse besitzen erhebliche Auswirkungen für die Beurteilung der Stabilität von MPEAs in Korrosionssystemen und der Stromausbeute von OER-Katalysatoren auf der Basis von MPEAs. Die Daten unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit der analytischen Bestimmung von Metallionen, die von MPEA-Elektroden freigesetzt werden. Die Freisetzung von Übergangsmetallionen verringert nicht nur die Stromausbeute von Elektrolyseuren, sondern kann zu einer Schädigung von Membranen in elektrochemischen Reaktoren führen.
KW - Transpassive dissolution
KW - Corrosion
KW - Multi-prinicpal element alloys (MPEAs)
KW - Passivation
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597045
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202317058
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-59704
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin
A1 - Braymer, Joseph J
A1 - Pfeiffer, Friedhelm
A1 - Dyall-Smith, Mike
A1 - Spirgath, Kristin
A1 - Alfaro-Espinoza, Gabriela
A1 - Koerdt, Andrea
T1 - From Genes to Black Rust: Genomic insights into corrosive methanogens
N2 - Within the past ten years, genetic evidence has been increasing for the direct role that microbes play in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), also known as biocorrosion or biodeterioration. One prominent example is the correlation between the corrosion of metal and the presence of genes encoding an extracellular [NiFe]-hydrogenase (MIC hydrogenase) in the methanogenic archaeon, Methanococcus maripaludis. In this study, DNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to classify the MIC hydrogenase as belonging to a core set of genes, the MIC core, found so far in Methanococci and Methanobacteria classes of methanogens. Genetic evidence is provided for the mobilization of the MIC core via multiple mechanisms, including a horizontal gene transfer event from Methanobacteria to Methanococci and a newly described MIC-transposon. A detailed comparison of M. maripaludis genomes further pointed to the relevance that cell wall modifications involving N-glycosylation of S-layer proteins and the MIC hydrogenase likely play in methanogen-induced MIC (Mi-MIC). Microscopic analysis of corrosive methanogens encoding the MIC core indicated that Methanobacterium-affiliated strain IM1 can form extensive biofilms on the surface of corrosion products whereas individual cells of M. maripaludis Mic1c10 were only found localized to crevices in the corrosion layer. An updated model of Mi-MIC involving two modes of action is presented, which predicts that the propensity of cells to adhere to iron surfaces directly influences the rate of corrosion due to the localization of the MIC hydrogenase at the metal-microbe interface.
KW - Biocorrosion
KW - Hydrogenases
KW - Metalloprotein
KW - Microbes
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-649425
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtaf018
SN - 2633-6685
VL - 6
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Oxford University Press (OUP)
AN - OPUS4-64942
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Richter, Matthias
A1 - Schühle, Florian
T1 - Experimental determination of 7-day uptake rates for diffusive sampling of 86 volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds relevant for indoor air monitoring and investigation on their sensitivity to exposure time and indoor climate
N2 - This study aimed to experimentally determine uptake rates for 86 indoor relevant volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC, SVOC) for the passive sampler type Perkin Elmer/Markes™ with Tenax® TA as sorbent, which was used in the German Environmental Survey on Health (GerES VI) carried out by the German Environmental Agency (UBA) in the years 2023-2024. For this purpose, single reference gas atmospheres of 76 pure VOCs (liquid at room temperature) and a group of 10 SVOCs and VOCs (solid at room temperature) were generated using two generation procedures. By exposing the samplers to individual components, it was ruled out that interactions in a mixture have a influence on the uptake rate. Another aspect was to precisely describe the methodology and the resulting uncertainties, as there are gaps in the literature in this regard. The selection of the compounds was based on the findings of the preceding GerES V study for which data was missing or needed to be verified. In each experiment, a number of six passive samplers was exposed to the test gas atmospheres in dynamically operated exposure chambers for seven days. The sensitivity of the uptake rates of a group of 10 selected VOCs to variations in exposure time, ambient temperature, and air humidity in a multi-component reference gas atmosphere was investigated. Here, a decrease in the uptake rate with the exposure time could be observed stabilising from the fifth day of exposure onwards. A significant effect of temperature and humidity on the uptake rate was not apparent. The determined uptake rates exhibit uncertainties of < 20 % for 71 substances, and < 10 % for 51 substances which are also in good agreement with the literature, if already published elsewhere. The quantity of investigated substances, the detailed description of the methodology used to determine the uptake rates complemented by the respective uncertainties, as well as the compilation of comparative data, contribute to a better assessment of the quality and relevance of such data, which had not been published before.
KW - Indoor air quality
KW - Volatile organic compounds
KW - Uptake rates
KW - Passive sampling
KW - Tenax TA
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-629913
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100095
VL - 2
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-62991
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sun, Yijuan
A1 - Pérez-Padilla, Víctor
A1 - Valderrey, Virginia
A1 - Bell, Jérémy
A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia
A1 - Rurack, Knut
T1 - Ratiometric detection of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids using dual fluorescent nanoparticles and a miniaturised microfluidic platform
N2 - The widespread contamination of soil and water with perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has caused considerable societal and scientific concern. Legislative measures and an increased need for remediation require effective on-site analytical methods for PFAS management. Here we report on the development of a green-fluorescent guanidine-BODIPY indicator monomer incorporated into a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the selective detection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Complexation of PFOA by the indicator, which is mediated by concerted protonation-induced ion pairing-assisted hydrogen bonding, significantly enhances fluorescence in polar organic solvents. The MIP forms as a thin layer on silica nanoparticles doped with tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride, which provides an orange emission signal as internal reference, resulting in low measurement uncertainties. Using a liquid-liquid extraction protocol, this assay enables the direct detection of PFOA in environmental water samples and achieves a detection limit of 0.11 µM. Integration into an opto-microfluidic system enables a compact and user-friendly system for detecting PFOA in less than 15 minutes.
KW - PFAS
KW - Molecular imprinting
KW - Microfluidics
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Onsite assay
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-650270
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66872-9
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-65027
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Oskoei, Párástu
A1 - Afonso, Rúben
A1 - Bastos, Verónica
A1 - Nogueira, João
A1 - Keller, Lisa-Marie
A1 - Andresen, Elina
A1 - Saleh, Maysoon I.
A1 - Rühle, Bastian
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Daniel-da-Silva, Ana L.
A1 - Oliveira, Helena
T1 - Upconversion Nanoparticles with Mesoporous Silica Coatings for Doxorubicin Targeted Delivery to Melanoma Cells
N2 - Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers and requires innovative therapeutic strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. In this work, upconversion nanoparticles coated with mesoporous silica and functionalized with folic acid (UCNP@mSiO2-FA) were developed as a targeted nanocarrier system for the delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). The UCNPs were synthesized via thermal decomposition, coated with mesoporous silica shells, and functionalized with folic acid (FA) to enable receptor-mediated targeting. DOX was then loaded into the mesoporous silica coating by adsorption, yielding UCNP@mSiO2-FA-DOX. The different UCNPs were characterized for size, composition, colloidal stability, and loading and release of DOX. This comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed a high DOX loading efficiency and a slightly increased drug release under acidic conditions, mimicking the tumour microenvironment. In vitro assays using four melanoma cell lines (A375, B16-F10, MNT-1, and SK-MEL-28) revealed an excellent biocompatibility of UCNP@mSiO2-FA and a significantly higher cytotoxicity of UCNP@mSiO2-FA-DOX compared to unloaded UCNPs, in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated G2/M phase arrest after treatment with UCNP@mSiO2-FA-DOX, confirming its antiproliferative effect. Overall, UCNP@mSiO2-FA-DOX represents a promising nanoplatform for targeted melanoma therapy, combining active tumour targeting and enhanced anticancer efficacy.
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Synthesis
KW - Nano
KW - Particle
KW - Silica
KW - Cell
KW - Uptake
KW - Drug
KW - Characterization
KW - DOX
KW - Imaging
KW - Toxicity
KW - Release
KW - pH
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653596
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010074
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 31
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - MDPI AG
AN - OPUS4-65359
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bandow, N.
A1 - Aitken, M. D.
A1 - Geburtig, Anja
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
A1 - Piechotta, Christian
A1 - Schoknecht, Ute
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Stephan, Ina
T1 - Using Environmental Simulations to Test the Release of Hazardous Substances from Polymer-Based Products: Are Realism and Pragmatism Mutually Exclusive Objectives?
N2 - The potential release of hazardous substances from polymer-based products is currently in the focus of environmental policy. Environmental simulations are applied to expose such products to selected aging conditions and to investigate release processes. Commonly applied aging exposure types such as solar and UV radiation in combination with water contact, corrosive gases, and soil contact as well as expected general effects on polymers and additional ingredients of polymer-based products are described. The release of substances is based on mass-transfer processes to the material surfaces. Experimental approaches to investigate transport processes that are caused by water contact are presented. For tailoring the tests, relevant aging exposure types and release quantification methods must be combined appropriately. Several studies on the release of hazardous substances such as metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, flame retardants, antioxidants, and carbon nanotubes from polymers are summarized exemplarily. Differences between natural and artificial exposure tests are discussed and demonstrated for the release of flame retardants from several polymers and for biocides from paints. Requirements and limitations to apply results from short-term artificial environmental exposure tests to predict long-term environmental behavior of polymers are presented.
KW - Environmental simulations
KW - Polymer-based products
KW - Artificial weathering
KW - Degradation
KW - Leaching
KW - Soil contact
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509310
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122709
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 13
IS - 12
SP - Paper 2709, 22
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Switzerland
AN - OPUS4-50931
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rodriguez, Santiago
A1 - Kumanski, Sylvain
A1 - Ayed, Zeineb
A1 - Fournet, Aurélie
A1 - Bouanchaud, Charlène
A1 - Sagar, Amin
A1 - Allemand, Frédéric
A1 - Baulin, Vladimir A.
A1 - Resch‐Genger, Ute
A1 - Cortés, Juan
A1 - Sibille, Nathalie
A1 - Chirot, Fabien
A1 - Wegner, Karl David
A1 - Antoine, Rodolphe
A1 - Le Guével, Xavier
A1 - Bernadó, Pau
T1 - Programming the Optoelectronic Properties of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters Using the Conformational Landscape of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
N2 - The rational design of hybrid nanomaterials with precisely controlled properties remains a central challenge in materials science. While atomically precise gold nanoclusters (Au‐NCs) offer molecule‐like control over a metallic core, tuning their optoelectronic behavior via surface engineering is often empirically driven. Here, we establish a design principle by demonstrating that the conformational landscape of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) can be used as a programmable scaffold to rationally modulate the photophysical properties of a covalently bound Au‐NC. We synthesized a series of bioconjugates between Au 25 nanoclusters and bioengineered IDPs containing a variable number of cysteine anchoring points. A combination of mass spectrometry, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and modeling on the conjugates indicates that increasing the number of covalent anchors systematically restricts the conformational ensemble, inducing a progressively more compact protein shell around nanoclusters. This structural rigidification at the interface directly translates into a 15‐fold enhancement of the Au‐NC near‐infrared photoluminescence and a six‐fold increase in its average lifetime. Our findings demonstrate that the conformational plasticity of IDPs and the capacity to engineer them can be harnessed as a molecular tuning knob, moving to a new regime of programmable soft‐matter control over the properties of quantum‐confined nanomaterials for tailored biotechnological applications.
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Custer
KW - Nano
KW - Advanced material
KW - Characterization
KW - Fluorescence quantum yield
KW - Integrating sphere spectroscopy
KW - Thiol ligands
KW - Gold
KW - Surface chemistry
KW - SWIR
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Protein
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655086
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502991
SN - 0947-6539
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-65508
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ahmed, A. A. A.
A1 - Alegret, N.
A1 - Almeida, B.
A1 - Alvarez-Puebla, R.
A1 - Andrews, A. M.
A1 - Ballerini, L.
A1 - Barrios-Capuchino, J. J.
A1 - Becker, C.
A1 - Blick, R. H.
A1 - Bonakdar, S.
A1 - Chakraborty, I.
A1 - Chen, X.
A1 - Cheon, J.
A1 - Chilla, G.
A1 - Conceicao, A. L. C.
A1 - Delehanty, J.
A1 - Dulle, M.
A1 - Efros, A. L.
A1 - Epple, M.
A1 - Fedyk, M.
A1 - Feliu, N.
A1 - Feng, M.
A1 - Fernandez-Chacon, R.
A1 - Fernandez-Cuesta, I.
A1 - Fertig, N.
A1 - Förster, S.
A1 - Garrido, J. A.
A1 - George, M.
A1 - Guse, A. H.
A1 - Hampp, N.
A1 - Harberts, J.
A1 - Han, J.
A1 - Heekeren, H. R.
A1 - Hofmann, U. G.
A1 - Holzapfel, M.
A1 - Hosseinkazemi, H.
A1 - Huang, Y.
A1 - Huber, P.
A1 - Hyeon, T.
A1 - Ingebrandt, S.
A1 - Ienca, M.
A1 - Iske, A.
A1 - Kang, Y.
A1 - Kasieczka, G.
A1 - Kim, D.-H.
A1 - Kostarelos, K.
A1 - Lee, J.-H.
A1 - Lin, K.-W.
A1 - Liu, S.
A1 - Liu, X.
A1 - Liu, Y.
A1 - Lohr, C.
A1 - Mailänder, V.
A1 - Maffongelli, L.
A1 - Megahed, S.
A1 - Mews, A.
A1 - Mutas, M.
A1 - Nack, L.
A1 - Nakatsuka, N.
A1 - Oertner, T. G.
A1 - Offenhäusser, A.
A1 - Oheim, M.
A1 - Otange, B.
A1 - Otto, F.
A1 - Patrono, E.
A1 - Peng, B.
A1 - Picchiotti, A.
A1 - Pierini, F.
A1 - Pötter-Nerger, M.
A1 - Pozzi, M.
A1 - Pralle, A.
A1 - Prato, M.
A1 - Qi, B.
A1 - Ramos-Cabrer, P.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Ritter, N.
A1 - Rittner, M.
A1 - Roy, S.
A1 - Santoro, F.
A1 - Schuck, N. W.
A1 - Schulz, F.
A1 - Seker, E.
A1 - Skiba, M.
A1 - Sosniok, M.
A1 - Stephan, H.
A1 - Wang, R.
A1 - Wang, T.
A1 - Wegner, Karl David
A1 - Weiss, P. S.
A1 - Xu, M.
A1 - Yang, C.
A1 - Zargarin, S. S.
A1 - Zeng, Y.
A1 - Zhou, Y.
A1 - Zhu, D.
A1 - Zierold, R.
A1 - Parak, W. J.
T1 - Interfacing with the Brain: How Nanotechnology Can Contribute
N2 - Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is the central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain−machine interfaces have changed over time, along with the available technology.
Mechanical levers and cable winches were used to move parts of the brain during the mechanical age. Sophisticated electronic wiring and remote control have arisen during the electronic age, ultimately leading to plug-and-play computer interfaces. Nonetheless, our brains are so complex that these visions, until recently, largely remained unreachable dreams. The general problem, thus far, is that most of our technology is mechanically and/or electrically engineered, whereas the brain is a living, dynamic entity. As a result, these worlds are difficult to interface with one another. Nanotechnology, which encompasses engineered solid-state objects and integrated circuits, excels at small length scales of single to a few hundred nanometers and, thus, matches the sizes of biomolecules, biomolecular assemblies, and parts of cells. Consequently, we envision nanomaterials and nanotools as opportunities to interface with the brain in alternative ways. Here, we review the existing literature on the use of nanotechnology in brain−machine interfaces and look forward in discussing perspectives and limitations based on the authors’ expertise across a range of complementary disciplines from neuroscience, engineering, physics, and chemistry to biology and medicine, computer science and mathematics, and social science and jurisprudence. We focus on nanotechnology but also include information from related fields when useful and complementary.
KW - Nanoneuro interface
KW - Brain-on-a-chip
KW - Nanostructured interface
KW - Electrode arrays
KW - Neuro-implants
KW - Advanced nanomaterials
KW - Quality assurance
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634893
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c10525
SN - 1936-086X
VL - 19
IS - 11
SP - 10630
EP - 10717
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-63489
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - El-Dahshan, O.
A1 - Deniaud, A.
A1 - Ling, W. L.
A1 - Wegner, Karl David
A1 - Proux, O.
A1 - Veronesi, G.
A1 - Reiss, P.
T1 - Hydrothermal microwave synthesis of water soluble NIR-II emitting Ag2S quantum dots
N2 - Hydrothermal-based synthetic methods of quantum dots allow for the exploration of reaction parameters normally inaccessible to typical aqueous-based batch reactions, such as elevated reaction temperatures (>100 °C) and reaction pressures above atmospheric pressure. Coupled with microwave heating, new instantaneously bio-compatible quantum dots (QDs) with enhanced opitcal properties can be yielded. As of today, aqueous-based synthetic methods often lag behind their organic analogues in terms of the photophysical properties of the QDs obtained and the ease of modulation of both the emission wavelength and crystallite size. Using a novel microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach, the synthesis of silver sulphide (Ag2S) QDs exhibiting NIR emission spanning the biological transparency windows via modulation of the reaction parameters has been developed. The intrinsic link between their optical and structural properties is explored via laboratory and synchrotron-based structural analysis techniques. Their toxicity towards a hepatic cell line was assessed, and related back to their structure and size. Overall this work aims to not only further develop the repertoire of synthetic methods for the synthesis of Ag2S QDs, but also paves the way for the development of safer QDs suitable for future clinical applications.
KW - Quantum dots
KW - Microwave synthesis
KW - Quality assurance
KW - NIR-II emission
KW - PL quantum yield
KW - Ag2S
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634825
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00052a
SN - 2040-3372
VL - 17
IS - 24
SP - 14637
EP - 14646
PB - RSC
AN - OPUS4-63482
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yu, Jialu
A1 - Oelze, Marcus
A1 - Schannor, Mathias
A1 - Nordstad, Simon
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
T1 - New Potential Haematite and Magnetite Reference Materials for Iron Isotope Measurements by Solution Nebulisation MC ‐ ICP ‐ MS and by In Situ ns ‐ LA ‐ MC ‐ ICP ‐ MS
N2 - Iron isotope ratios of haematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) provide insights into geochemical, environmental and planetary processes. In most studies, Fe isotope measurements are commonly performed using solution nebulisation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SN-MC-ICP-MS). Nanosecond laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ns-LA-MC-ICP-MS) requires minimal sample preparation, and provides spatially resolved variation of iron isotopes at micro-scale. However, homogeneous and matrix-matched haematite/magnetite reference materials are lacking for precise in situ isotopic measurement. The iron isotope ratios of two potential reference materials resembling natural haematite (HMIE-NP-B01) and natural magnetite (MAKP-NP-B01) were characterised. Size fractions between 5–63 μm of the powdered Fe oxides were milled to nanoparticles, freeze-dried, homogenised, and pressed into pellets. The materials were then evaluated using SN-MC-ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICP-MS. Sample powders of the two materials were measured by SN-MC-ICPMS after sample digestion and column separation and pressed pellets were analysed directly via ns-LA-MC-ICP-MS. In both cases iron isotope delta values are reported relative to the certified reference material IRMM-014, used as the bracketing standard (calibrator). The solution measurements yielded δ56Fe values of -0.25 ± 0.08‰ (N = 13, 2s) for HMIE-NP-B01, and -0.05 ± 0.09‰ (N = 12, 2s) for MAKP-NP-B01, considered as the preferred Fe isotope delta values. In situ isotopic analysis via ns-LA-MC-ICP-MS yielded δ56Fe values of -0.28 ± 0.28‰ (N = 19, 2s) for HMIE-NP-B01 and -0.12 ± 0.24‰ (N = 22, 2s) for MAKP-NP-B01, consistent with the solution Fe isotope data. The homogeneity of Fe isotopes of the pellets was evaluated by ns-LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses of three different positions to further confirm that both materials are isotopically homogeneous. Both materials can be considered as potential quality control and bracketing reference materials for Fe isotopic measurements by in situ ns-LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis.
KW - Laser ablation
KW - Fe isotope
KW - Fe-oxides
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-654755
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.70037
SN - 1639-4488
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-65475
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Andresen, Elina
A1 - Islam, Fahima
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Gehrmann, P.
A1 - Licha, K.
A1 - Roik, Janina
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Assessing the reproducibility and up‑scaling of the synthesis of Er,Yb‑doped NaYF4‑based upconverting nanoparticles and control of size, morphology, and optical properties
N2 - Lanthanide-based, spectrally shifting, and multi-color luminescent upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have received much attention in the last decades because of their applicability as reporter for bioimaging, super-resolution microscopy, and sensing as well as barcoding and anti-counterfeiting tags. A prerequisite for the broad application of UCNPs in areas such as sensing and encoding are simple, robust, and easily upscalable synthesis protocols that yield large quantities of UCNPs with sizes of 20 nm or more with precisely controlled and tunable physicochemical properties from lowcost reagents with a high reproducibility. In this context, we studied the reproducibility, robustness, and upscalability of the synthesis of β-NaYF4:Yb, Er UCNPs via thermal decomposition. Reaction parameters included solvent, precursor chemical compositions, ratio, and concentration. The resulting UCNPs were then examined regarding their application-relevant physicochemical properties such as size, size distribution, morphology, crystal phase, chemical composition, and photoluminescence.
Based on these screening studies, we propose a small volume and high-concentration synthesis approach that can provide UCNPs with different, yet controlled size, an excellent phase purity and tunable morphology in batch sizes of up to at least 5 g which are well suited for the fabrication of sensors, printable barcodes or authentication and recycling tags.
KW - Photoluminescence
KW - Nano
KW - Nanomaterial
KW - Synthesis
KW - Reproducibility
KW - Upconversion nanoparticle
KW - Lanthanide
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570170
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28875-8
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 13
AN - OPUS4-57017
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grimmer, Christoph
A1 - Richter, Matthias
A1 - Neuhaus, T.
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Strzelczyk, Rebecca Skadi
A1 - Colakoglu, Irem
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
T1 - Towards a multi-VOC emission reference material with temporally constant emission profile for QA/QC of materials emission testing procedures
N2 - Emission reference materials (ERMs) are sought after to further control and improve indoor air quality. The impregnation of porous materials with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a promising approach to produce ERMs. Different VOCs were used to impregnate various porous materials (mainly zeolites, activated carbons and a metal organic framework). The influence of different methodological parameters and material properties were studied to optimize the impregnation procedure and to find the best material/VOC combination. The impregnation procedure remains quite irreproducible, nevertheless, very good ERM candidates were identified. Two materials (zeolite 4 and AC 1 impregnated with n-hexadecane) showed a very stable emission over 14 days (<10 % change). Another material (AC 1 impregnated with toluene) showed a declining emission profile but with a very good in-batch reproducibility and a storage stability of up to 12 months.
KW - Emission reference material
KW - Porous materials
KW - Indoor air quality
KW - Emission test chamber
KW - CO2 assisted impregnation
KW - EN 16516
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612238
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143437
SN - 1879-1298
VL - 366
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-61223
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Habibimarkani, Heydar
A1 - Abram, Sarah-Luise
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Sahre, Mario
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
T1 - In-depth analysis of FeNi-based nanoparticles for the oxygen evolution reaction
N2 - This study investigates the effect of varying iron-to-nickel ratios on the catalytic performance of Fe-Ni oxide nanoparticles (NPs) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Addressing the issue of high energy wastage due to large overpotentials in OER, we synthesized and characterized different NP catalysts with different Fe: Ni oxide ratios. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were employed to determine the morphology, elemental and phase composition of the NPs. Furthermore, in-depth profiling with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) revealed that iron predominantly exists as oxide, while nickel exhibits both metallic and oxidic forms depending on the Fe content. XPS indicated an enrichment of iron at the NP surface, whereas HAXPES and EDS data agreed on the bulk stoichiometry. The assessment of the catalytic activity via cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that the Fe: Ni ratio of 2:3 exhibited superior performance, characterized by lower overpotential and a smaller Tafel slope.
KW - Fe-Ni oxide
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - OER
KW - Catalytic performance
KW - Cyclic voltammetry
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-626932
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-92720-3
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92720-3
VL - 15
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Springer Nature
AN - OPUS4-62693
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Epping, Ruben
A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
A1 - Hiller, W.
A1 - Gruendling, T.
A1 - Staal, B.
A1 - Lang, C.
A1 - Lamprou, A.
T1 - Simultaneous characterization of poly(acrylic acid) andpolysaccharide polymers and copolymers
N2 - Copolymer products that result from grafting acrylic acid and other hydrophilicmonomers onto polysaccharides have recently gained significant interest in researchand industry. Originating from renewable sources, these biodegradable, low toxicity,and polar copolymer products exhibit potential to replace polymers from fossil sourcesin several applications and industries. The methods usually employed to character-ize these copolymers are, however, quite limited, especially for the measurement ofbulk properties. With more sophisticated applications, for example, in pharmaceu-tics requiring a more detailed analysis of the chemical structure, we describe a newapproach for this kind of complex polymers. Our approach utilizes chromatographyin combination with several detection methods to separate and characterize reactionproducts of the copolymerization of acrylic acid and chemically hydrolyzed starch.These samples consisted of a mixture of homopolymer poly (acrylic acid), homopoly-mer hydrolyzed starch, and – in a lower amount – the formed copolymers. Several chro-matographic methods exist that are capable of characterizing either poly (acrylic acid)or hydrolyzed starch. In contrast, our approach offers simultaneous characterization ofboth polymers. The combination of LC and UV/RI offered insight into the compositionand copolymer content of the samples. Size exclusion chromatography experimentsrevealed the molar mass distribution of homopolymers and copolymers. FTIR inves-tigations confirmed the formation of copolymers while ESI-MS gave more details onthe end groups of hydrolyzed starches and poly (acrylic acids). Evidence of copolymerstructures was obtained through NMR measurements. Finally, two-dimensional chro-matography led to the separation of the copolymers from both homopolymers as wellas the additional separation of sodium clusters. The methods described in this work area powerful toolset to characterize copolymerization products of hydrolyzed starch andpoly(acrylic acid). Together, our approach successfully correlates the physicochemicalproperties of such complex mixtures with their actual composition.
KW - 2D chromatography
KW - LC-MS
KW - SEC
KW - Renewable copolymers
KW - Grafting
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-508873
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ansa.202000044
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag-GmbH&Co. KGaA
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-50887
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scholl, Juliane
A1 - Lisec, Jan
A1 - Haase, Hajo
A1 - Koch, Matthias
T1 - Identification of transformation products from fluorinated lithium-ion battery additives TPFPB and TPFPP: forever chemicals of tomorrow?
N2 - AbstractFluorinated organic compounds (FOCs) represent a class of synthetic chemicals distinguished by their resilient carbon–fluorine bonds, which demonstrate an ability to withstand environmental degradation over an extended period. The integration of FOCs into cutting-edge applications, including lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), presents considerable potential for environmental harm that has not yet been sufficiently addressed. This study focuses on the environmental fate of two fluorinated aromatics, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) and tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine (TPFPP), given their important role in improving the performance of LiBs. To achieve this, laboratory simulation methods including total oxidizable precursor assay, electrochemistry (EC), Fenton reaction, UV-C irradiation, and hydrolysis were employed. Liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry were used for identification of transformation products (TPs) and prediction of their molecular formulae. Despite the structural similarity between TPFPB and TPFPP, distinct differences in electrochemical behavior and degradation pathways were observed. TPFPB readily underwent hydroxylation and hydrolysis, resulting in a wide range of 49 TPs. A total of 28 TPs were newly identified, including oligomers and highly toxic dioxins. In contrast, TPFPP degraded exclusively under harsh conditions, requiring the development of innovative conditioning protocols for EC. In total, the simulation experiments yielded nine structurally different compounds, including seven previously undescribed, partially defluorinated TPs. This study highlights the potential risks associated with the use of FOCs in LiBs and provides insight into the complex environmental behavior of FOCs.
KW - Mass Spectrometry
KW - LiBs
KW - POPs
KW - Transformation products
KW - Electrochemistry
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611339
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05526-z
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-61133
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Meiers, Emelie
A1 - Scholl, Juliane
A1 - Droas, Morten
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Leube, Peter
A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas
A1 - Bagheri, A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Seubert, A.
A1 - Koch, Matthias
T1 - Development and evaluation of analytical strategies for the monitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from lithium-ion battery recycling materials
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are well-known as “forever chemicals” and persistent pollutants released by different anthropogenic sources. The potential release of PFAS from accumulating electronic waste and lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling activities has gained increasing attention in the past years. This creates a need for analytical methods tailored for the determination of PFAS out of environmental matrices related to the named activities or directly out of the concerned materials. In this work, analytical strategies for the monitoring of PFAS in LIB recycling materials were explored for a group of legacy perfluoro sulfonic- and carbonic acids (PFSA and PFCA) and of fluorinated sulfonylimides suspected to be LIB electrolyte ingredients. These analytical strategies comprehend PFAS target approaches with a herein optimized liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method equipped with a HILIC (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) column in combination with the TOP (total oxidizable precursor) assay and an adapted sample preparation method for high-matrix LIB recycling materials. The validated target method was applied to a set of LIB recycling materials: end-of-life batteries, black masses from hydrometallurgical recycling, and gas absorption solutions from thermal treatment of black masses as part of the recycling procedure. Investigation results show that the LIB industry can be connected to the release of both “LIB”-PFAS, such as the target sulfonylimides, and “already-legacy” PFAS, like the PFSA and PFCA. Especially, the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as an emerging pollutant in every investigated LIB material type underlines the threat of PFAS emissions from LIB waste and recycling activities.
KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Battery
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-647015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-06165-8
SN - 1618-2642
VL - 417
SP - 6567
EP - 6583
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-64701
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scholl, Juliane
A1 - Lisec, Jan
A1 - Bagheri, Abbas
A1 - Meiers, Emelie
A1 - Russo, Francesco Friedrich
A1 - Haase, Hajo
A1 - Koch, Matthias
T1 - Unveiling aging mechanisms of electrolytes in commercial end-of-life lithium-ion batteries
N2 - In this study, 77 end-of-life (EOL) commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) of various formats were systematically analyzed to investigate electrolyte degradation and the influence of pristine electrolyte compositions on aging behavior. Comprehensive chemical characterization was conducted using targeted and non-targeted mass spectrometry (MS), employing LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, and high-resolution MS (HRMS). This integrated approach enabled the identification of confirmed pristine components and complex degradation products. The results show that rechargeable pouch and cylindrical cells often deviate from conventional model systems, containing mixed lithium salt anions, ionic liquids (ILs), and high concentrations of triflates, triflimides, and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI). These function as solvents, salts, or safety-enhancing additives. Specific IL degradation products were identified, and hypotheses formulated on previously unreported pathways. Furthermore, a novel series of oligomerization products of propylene carbonate (PC) was detected. In contrast, non-rechargeable coin cells revealed widespread use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in their original electrolytes. Based on ex situ analyses, hypothetical PFAS degradation mechanisms are proposed here for the first time. The absence of carbonate oligomers and lithium salt-derived products, alongside the presence of standard carbonates, indicates lithium counterion coordination as a key factor in Lewis acid-catalyzed degradation. This study offers valuable insights into real-world battery aging.
KW - Transformation products
KW - Lithium-ion batteries
KW - Fluorinated Compounds
KW - Gas chromatography/ QTOF-MS
KW - HILIC-LC-MS/MS
KW - PFAS
KW - Electrochemistry
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-644991
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238613
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 661
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-64499
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Prakash, Swayam
A1 - Bell, Jérémy
A1 - Rurack, Knut
T1 - Rapid Onsite Detection of Fecal Contamination in Water Using a Portable Fluorometric Assay
N2 - Fecal pollution in water poses significant health risks, especially when contaminated sources are used for drinking and food production. Traditional water quality testing methods are expensive, slow, and require skilled personnel, limiting their accessibility. This work addresses these issues by developing a portable fluorometric assay for the detection of the fecal indicator pigment urobilin (UB). The assay uses silane-functionalized glass fiber strips impregnated with zinc chloride, providing a ‘drop-&-detect’ approach with enhanced fluorescence response mediated by the unique complexation properties of ZnCl2 and UB. This approach allows for the detection of UB at sub-nanomolar concentrations in less than 1 min using a 3D-printed setup with miniaturized optical components powered by a smartphone with its camera as a detector. The results validated with a benchtop fluorometer show the effectiveness of this method. The successful application of this userfriendly, rapid, and sensitive assay to real water samples from three rivers and the influx and efflux of a wastewater treatment plant advances field-based water quality monitoring, meets the WHO’s ASSURED criteria, and supports progress toward the global clean water and sanitation goals.
KW - Fecal pigment
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Signal amplification
KW - Surface chemistry
KW - Water quality testing
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655543
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c03922
SN - 2379-3694
VL - 11
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, D.C.
AN - OPUS4-65554
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lisec, Jan
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Vogel, Kristin
A1 - Koch, Matthias
A1 - Becker, Roland
T1 - eCerto—versatile software for interlaboratory data evaluation and documentation during reference material production
N2 - The statistical tool eCerto was developed for the evaluation of measurement data to assign property values and associated uncertainties of reference materials. The analysis is based on collaborative studies of expert laboratories and was implemented using the R software environment. Emphasis was put on comparability of eCerto with SoftCRM, a statistical tool based on the certification strategy of the former Community Bureau of Reference. Additionally, special attention was directed towards easy usability from data collection through processing, archiving, and reporting. While the effects of outlier removal can be flexibly explored, eCerto always retains the original data set and any manipulation such as outlier removal is (graphically and tabularly) documented adequately in the report. As a major reference materials producer, the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) developed and will maintain a tool to meet the needs of modern data processing, documentation requirements, and emerging fields of RM activity. The main features of eCerto are discussed using previously certified reference materials.
KW - Reference material
KW - Statistics
KW - Software
KW - Collaborative trial
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-591851
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-05099-3
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-59185
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gerrits, Ruben
A1 - Stepec, Biwen An
A1 - Bäßler, Ralph
A1 - Becker, Roland
A1 - Dimper, Matthias
A1 - Feldmann, Ines
A1 - Goff, Kira L.
A1 - Günster, Jens
A1 - Hofmann, Andrea
A1 - Hesse, René
A1 - Kirstein, Sarah
A1 - Klein, Ulrich
A1 - Mauch, Tatjana
A1 - Neumann-Schaal, Meina
A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem
A1 - Taylor, Nicole M.
A1 - Schumacher, Julia
A1 - Shen, Yin
A1 - Strehlau, Heike
A1 - Weise, Matthias
A1 - Wolf, Jacqueline
A1 - Yurkov, Andrey
A1 - Gieg, Lisa M.
A1 - Gorbushina, Anna
T1 - A 30-year-old diesel tank: Fungal-dominated biofilms cause local corrosion of galvanised steel
N2 - The increased use of biodiesel is expected to lead to more microbial corrosion, fouling and fuel degradation issues. In this context, we have analysed the metal, fuel and microbiology of a fouled diesel tank which had been in service for over 30 years. The fuel itself, a B7 biodiesel blend, was not degraded, and—although no free water phase was visible—contained a water content of ~60 ppm. The microbial community was dominated by the fungus Amorphotheca resinae, which formed thick, patchy biofilms on the tank bottom and walls. The tank sheets, composed of galvanised carbon steel, were locally corroded underneath the biofilms, up to a depth of a third of the sheet thickness. On the biofilm-free surfaces, Zn coatings could still be observed. Taken together, A. resinae was shown to thrive in these water-poor conditions, likely enhancing corrosion through the removal of the protective Zn coatings.
KW - Fungal biofilms
KW - Biodiesel degradation mechanisms
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-025-00731-2
SN - 2397-2106
VL - 10
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-65501
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sichler, Theresa Constanze
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Barjenbruch, M.
A1 - Montag, D.
A1 - Mauch, Tatjana
A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas
A1 - Ehm, J.H.
T1 - Variation of the element composition of municipal sewage sludges in the context of new regulations on phosphorus recovery in Germany
N2 - Phosphorus (P) recovery is obligatory for all sewage sludges with more than 20 g P/kg dry matter (DM) from 2029 in Germany. Nine wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were chosen to investigate variations of phosphorus contents and other parameters in sewage sludge over the year. Monthly sewage sludge samples from each WWTP were analyzed for phosphorus and other matrix elements (C, N, H, Ca, Fe, Al, etc.), for several trace elements (As, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn) and loss of ignition. Among the nine WWTPs, there are four which have phosphorus contents both above and below the recovery limit of 20 g/kg DM along the year. Considering the average phosphorus content over the year, only one of them is below the limit. Compared to other matrix elements and parameters, phosphorus fuctuations are low with an average of 7% over all nine WWTPs. In total, only hydrogen and carbon are more constant in the sludge.
In several WWTPs with chemical phosphorus elimination, phosphorus fuctuations showed similar courses like iron and/or aluminum. WWTPs with chamber flter presses rather showed dilution efects of calcium dosage. As result of this study, monthly phosphorus measurement is highly recommended to determine whether a WWTP is below the
20 g/kg DM limit.
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Phosphorus recovery
KW - Wastewater
KW - Phosphorus elimination
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557499
DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00658-4
SN - 2190-4707
VL - 34
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-55749
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wetzel, Annica
A1 - Morell, Daniel
A1 - von der Au, Marcus
A1 - Witt, Julia
A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem
T1 - Transpassive Behavior of Equimolar CrMnFeCoNi and CrCoNi Multi‐Principal Element Alloys in an Alkaline NaCl Electrolyte
N2 - AbstractWe investigated the corrosion properties and transpassive behavior of CrMnFeCoNi and CrCoNi multi‐principal element alloys (MPEAs) in a 0.1 M NaCl electrolyte at pH 12. By using SECM‐based tip substrate voltammetry (TSV) in combination with the chemical analysis of the electrolyte, we were able to differentiate between anodic metal dissolution and oxygen evolution in the transpassive range. Our investigations have shown that CrCoNi has a significantly higher corrosion resistance compared to CrMnFeCoNi. In the studied alkaline environment, a transpassive oxide film is formed on the surface of CrCoNi during secondary passivation. This transpassive oxide film appears to play a significant role in oxygen evolution, as the increase in TSV currents at the microelectrode coincides with the corresponding current density plateau of the voltametric current trace. The formation of the transpassive oxide film was not observed in previous studies conducted in acidic environments. Moreover, the alkaline electrolyte induced a positive hysteresis and mild pitting corrosion, in addition to intergranular corrosion, which was the sole corrosion process observed at acidic pH levels. These findings enhance the understanding of the processes governing the transpassivity of CrMnFeCoNi and CrCoNi MPEAs in alkaline environments and have potential implications for the development of application‐tailored corrosion‐resistant MPEAs.
KW - Multi-principal element alloys
KW - MPEA
KW - Corrosion
KW - Oxygen evolution reaction
KW - Transpassive region
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611594
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400346
SN - 2196-0216
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-61159
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Richter, Silke
A1 - Hoppe, Marion
A1 - Meckelburg, Angela
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Roik, Janina
A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique
T1 - Powering precision: development of a certified reference material for elemental composition analysis of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (Li-NMC) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
N2 - This work presents the development and certification of the world’s first certified reference material (CRM), BAM-S014, for a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 or Li-NMC 111) cathode material—an integral component in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries that power electric vehicles (EVs), portable electronics, and stationary energy storage systems. By providing certified mass fractions for 11 elements, this CRM addresses a critical need for accurate and traceable elemental analysis, supporting quality control and regulatory compliance in the global battery industry. Ensuring reliable and harmonized measurements supports the efficient use of resources, including the reuse of recycled materials, and ultimately helps maintain product performance and safety. The values were assigned through an interlaboratory comparison involving 16 participating laboratories and various analytical techniques such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, and combustion analysis. In addition to chemical characterization, the certification process includes homogeneity and stability testing of the candidate material. Details are provided on the analytical methods used for chemical characterization and the calculation of the uncertainties of the certified mass fractions. In addition to detailing the development of the CRMs, this work provides an overview of ongoing standardization activities in Li-component analysis, thereby guiding the calibration of analytical methods and contributing to the establishment of globally accepted standards for evaluating energy storage materials and advancing sustainable mobility and clean energy solutions.
KW - Certified reference material
KW - Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide
KW - LNMC
KW - Lithium-ion battery
KW - Cathode material
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643763
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-05766-7
SN - 1618-2642
VL - 417
IS - 12
SP - 2643
EP - 2653
PB - Springer Nature
AN - OPUS4-64376
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zaki, Mohammad
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Ruehle, Bastian
T1 - A Self-Driving Lab for Nano- and Advanced Materials Synthesis
N2 - The recent emergence of self-driving laboratories (SDL) and material acceleration platforms (MAPs) demonstrates the ability of these systems to change the way chemistry and material syntheses will be performed in the future. Especially in conjunction with nano- and advanced materials which are generally recognized for their great potential in solving current material science challenges, such systems can make disrupting contributions. Here, we describe in detail MINERVA, an SDL specifically built and designed for the synthesis, purification, and in line characterization of nano- and advanced materials. By fully automating these three process steps for seven different materials from five representative, completely different classes of nano- and advanced materials (metal, metal oxide, silica, metal organic framework, and core–shell particles) that follow different reaction mechanisms, we demonstrate the great versatility and flexibility of the platform. We further study the reproducibility and particle size distributions of these seven representative materials in depth and show the excellent performance of the platform when synthesizing these material classes. Lastly, we discuss the design considerations as well as the hardware and software components that went into building the platform and make all of the components publicly available.
KW - Self-driving laboratories
KW - Materials acceleration platforms
KW - Nanomaterials
KW - Advanced materials
KW - Automation
KW - Robotics
KW - In-line characterization
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-627361
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c17504
SN - 1936-086X
VL - 19
IS - 9
SP - 9029
EP - 9041
PB - ACS Publications
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-62736
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kossatz, Philipp
A1 - Mezhov, Alexander
A1 - Andresen, Elina
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Assessing the Applicability of Lanthanide-Based Upconverting Nanoparticles for Optically Monitoring Cement Hydration and Tagging Building Materials
N2 - Chemically stable, lanthanide-based photon upconversion micro- and nanoparticles (UCNPs) with their characteristic multicolor emission bands in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (vis), near-infrared (NIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR) arepromising optical reporters and barcoding tags. To assess the applicability of UCNPs for the monitoring of early stage cement hydration processes and as authentication tags for cementitious materials, we screened the evolution of the luminescence of Selfmade core-only NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs and commercial μm-sized Y2O2S:Yb,Er particles during the first stages of cement hydration, which largely determines the future properties of the hardened material. Parameters explored from the UCNP side included particle size, morphology, surface chemistry or coating, luminescence properties, and concentration in different cement mixtures. From the cement side, the influence of the mineral composition of the cement matrix was representatively examined for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and its constituents tricalcium aluminate (C3A), tricalcium silicate (C3S), and gypsum at different water to cement ratios. Based on reflection and luminescence measurements, enabling online monitoring, which were complemented by XRD and isothermal heat-flow calorimetric measurements to determine whether the incorporation of these particles could impair cement hydration processes, well suited lanthanide particle reporters could be identified as well as application conditions. In addition, thereby the reporter influence on cement hydration kinetics could be minimized while still preserving a high level of information content. The best performance for the luminescence probing of changes during early stage cement hydration processes was observed for 25 nm-sized oleate (OA)-coated UCNPs added in a concentration of 0.1 wt %. Higher UCNP amounts of 1.0 wt % delayed cement hydration processes size- and surface coatingspecifically in the first 24 h. Subsequent luminescence stability screening studies performed over a period of about one year support the applicability of UCNPs as optical authentication tags for construction materials.
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Nano
KW - Particle
KW - Synthesis
KW - Quantum yield
KW - NIR
KW - Mechanism
KW - Characterization
KW - XRD
KW - Calorimetry
KW - Advanced material
KW - Cement
KW - Monitoring
KW - Surface
KW - Size
KW - Lifetime
KW - Barcode
KW - Lanthanide
KW - Upconversion
KW - Encoding
KW - Method
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-638318
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c02236
SN - 2470-1343
VL - 10
IS - 29
SP - 31587
EP - 31599
PB - ACS Publications
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-63831
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dhamo, Lorena
A1 - Wegner, Karl David
A1 - Würth, Christian
A1 - Häusler, I.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Assessing the influence of microwave-assisted synthesis parameters and stabilizing ligands on the optical properties of AIS/ZnS quantum dots
N2 - Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are frequently used in the life and material sciences as reporter for bioimaging studies and as active components in devices such as displays, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and sensors. Increasing concerns regarding the use of toxic elements like cadmium and lead, and hazardous organic solvents during QD synthesis have meanwhile triggered the search for heavy-metal free QDs using green chemistry syntheses methods. Interesting candidates are ternary AgInS2 (AIS) QDs that exhibit broad photoluminescence (PL) bands, large effective Stokes shifts, high PL quantum yields (PL QYs), and long PL lifetimes, which are particularly beneficial for applications such as bioimaging, white light-emitting diodes, and solar concentrators. In addition, these nanomaterials can be prepared in high quality with a microwave-assisted (MW) synthesis in aqueous solution. The homogeneous heat diffusion and instant temperature rise of the MW synthesis enables a better control of QD nucleation and growth and thus increases the batch-to-batch reproducibility. In this study, we systematically explored the MW synthesis of AIS/ZnS QDs by varying parameters such as the order of reagent addition, precursor concentration, and type of stabilizing thiol ligand, and assessed their influence on the optical properties of the resulting AIS/ZnS QDs. Under optimized synthesis conditions, water-soluble AIS/ZnS QDs with a PL QY of 65% and excellent colloidal and long-term stability could be reproducible prepared.
KW - Quantum dots
KW - Microwave-assisted synthesis
KW - AgInS
KW - Aqueous synthesis
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567091
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25498-3
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Nature Publishing Group
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-56709
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hülagü, Deniz
A1 - Tobias, Charlie
A1 - Dao, Radek
A1 - Komarov, Pavel
A1 - Rurack, Knut
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Towards 3D determination of the surface roughness of core–shell microparticles as a routine quality control procedure by scanning electron microscopy
N2 - AbstractRecently, we have developed an algorithm to quantitatively evaluate the roughness of spherical microparticles using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The algorithm calculates the root-mean-squared profile roughness (RMS-RQ) of a single particle by analyzing the particle’s boundary. The information extracted from a single SEM image yields however only two-dimensional (2D) profile roughness data from the horizontal plane of a particle. The present study offers a practical procedure and the necessary software tools to gain quasi three-dimensional (3D) information from 2D particle contours recorded at different particle inclinations by tilting the sample (stage). This new approach was tested on a set of polystyrene core-iron oxide shell-silica shell particles as few micrometer-sized beads with different (tailored) surface roughness, providing the proof of principle that validates the applicability of the proposed method. SEM images of these particles were analyzed by the latest version of the developed algorithm, which allows to determine the analysis of particles in terms of roughness both within a batch and across the batches as a routine quality control procedure. A separate set of particles has been analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a powerful complementary surface analysis technique integrated into SEM, and the roughness results have been compared.
KW - Core–shell particles
KW - Image analysis
KW - Roughness
KW - Scanning electron microscopy
KW - Atomic force microscopy
KW - Tilting
KW - Batch analysis
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607590
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68797-7
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 14
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-60759
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Riedel, Soraya
A1 - Hülagü, Deniz
A1 - Bennet, Francesca
A1 - Carl, Peter
A1 - Flemig, Sabine
A1 - Schmid, Thomas
A1 - Schenk, J. A.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Schneider, Rudolf
T1 - Electrochemical Immunomagnetic Ochratoxin A Sensing: Steps Forward in the Application of 3,3’,5,5’- Tetramethylbenzidine in Amperometric Assays
N2 - Electrochemical methods offer great promise in meeting the demand for user-friendly on-site devices for Monitoring important parameters. The food industry often runs own lab procedures, for example, for mycotoxin analysis, but it is a major goal to simplify analysis, linking analytical methods with smart technologies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with photometric detection of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB),form a good basis for sensitive detection. To provide a straightforward approach for the miniaturization of the detectionstep, we have studied the pitfalls of the electrochemical TMB detection. By cyclic voltammetry it was found that the TMB electrochemistry is strongly dependent on the pH and the electrode material. A stable electrode response to TMB could be achieved at pH 1 on gold electrodes. We created a smartphonebased, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay for the detection of ochratoxin A in real samples, providing a solid basis forsensing of further analytes.
KW - Ochratoxin A
KW - Amperometry
KW - Cyclic voltammetry
KW - Electrochemistry
KW - Immunoassay
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-530421
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202100446
N1 - Geburtsname von Riedel, Soraya: Höfs, S. - Birth name of Riedel, Soraya: Höfs, S.
VL - 8
IS - 13
SP - 2597
EP - 2606
AN - OPUS4-53042
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul
A1 - Rühle, Bastian
A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra
A1 - Löhmann, Oliver
A1 - Lindemann, Franziska
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Embedding and cross-sectioning as a sample preparation procedure for accurate and representative size and shape measurement of nanopowders
N2 - Reliable measurement of the size of polydisperse, complex-shaped commercial nanopowders is a difficult but necessary task, e.g., for regulatory requirements and toxicity risk assessment. Suitable methods exist for the accurate characterization of the size of non-aggregated, stabilized, spherical and monodisperse nanoparticles. In contrast, industrial nanoscale powders usually require dedicated sample preparation procedures developed for the analysis method of choice. These nano-powders tend to agglomerate and/or aggregate, a behavior which in combination with an innate broad particle size distribution and irregular shape often significantly alters the achievable accuracy of the measured size parameters. The present study systematically tests two commercially available nanoscale powders using different sample preparation methods for correlative analysis by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller method and differential mobility analysis. One focus was set on the sample preparation by embedding nanoparticles in carbon-based hot-mounting resin. Literature on this topic is scarce and the accuracy of the data extracted from cross sections of these particles is unclearly stated. In this paper systematic simulations on the deviation of the size parameters of well-defined series of nanoparticles with different shapes from the nominal value were carried out and the contributing factors are discussed.
KW - Nanopowder
KW - Electron microscopy
KW - Sample preparation
KW - Cross-sectioning
KW - Cerium oxide
KW - Zinc oxide
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-593289
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-51094-0
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-59328
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dhamo, Lorena
A1 - Carulli, F.
A1 - Nickl, Philip
A1 - Wegner, Karl David
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Würth, Christian
A1 - Brovelli, S.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Efficient luminescent solar concentrators based on environmentally friendly Cd-free ternary AIS/ZnS quantum dots
N2 - Luminescent solar concentrators (LSC) allow to obtain renewable energy from building integrated photovoltaic systems. As promising efficient and long-term stable LSC fluorophores semiconductor nanocrystals like Quantum dots (QDs) with size and composition tunable optoelectronic properties have recently emerged. The most popular II/VI or IV/VI semiconductor QDs contain, however, potentially hazardous cadmium or lead ions, which is a bottleneck for commercial applications. A simple aqueous based, microwaveassisted synthesis for environmentally friendly and highly emissive AgInS2/ ZnS QDs is developed using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and glutathione (GSH) and their incorporation into polylaurylmethacrylate (PLMA) polymer slabs integrable in LSC devices (10.4 × 10.4 × 0.2 cm3, G = 12.98).
With this simple approach, optical power efficiencies (OPE) of 3.8% and 3.6% and optical quantum efficiencies (OQE) of 24.1% and 27.4% are obtained, which are among the highest values yet reported.
KW - Solar energy
KW - Solar concentrator
KW - Quantum dots
KW - Advanced material
KW - Quantum yield
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529735
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202100587
SN - 2195-1071
SN - 0935-9648
VL - 9
IS - 17
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-52973
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rühle, Bastian
A1 - Krumrey, Julian Frederic
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Workflow towards automated segmentation of agglomerated, non‑spherical particles from electron microscopy images using artificial neural networks
N2 - We present a workflow for obtaining fully trained artificial neural networks that can perform automatic particle segmentations of agglomerated, non-spherical nanoparticles from scanning electron microscopy images “from scratch”, without the need for large training data sets of manually annotated images. The whole process only requires about 15 minutes of hands-on time by a user and can typically be finished within less than 12 hours when training on a single graphics card (GPU). After training, SEM image analysis can be carried out by the artificial neural network within seconds. This is achieved by using unsupervised learning for most of the training dataset generation, making heavy use of generative adversarial networks and especially unpaired image-to-image translation via cycle-consistent adversarial networks. We compare the segmentation masks obtained with our suggested workflow qualitatively and quantitatively to state-of-the-art methods using various metrics. Finally, we used the segmentation masks for automatically extracting particle size distributions from the SEM images of TiO2 particles, which were in excellent agreement with particle size distributions obtained manually but could be obtained in a fraction of the time.
KW - Electron microscopy
KW - Neural networks
KW - Artificial intelligence
KW - Image segmentation
KW - Automated image analysis
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-522454
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84287-6
VL - 11
IS - 1
SP - 4942
PB - Springer Nature
AN - OPUS4-52245
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zhang, Kun
A1 - Carrod, Andrew J.
A1 - Del Giorgio, Elena
A1 - Hughes, Joseph
A1 - Rurack, Knut
A1 - Bennet, Francesca
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Harrad, Stuart
A1 - Pikramenou, Zoe
T1 - Luminescence Lifetime-Based Sensing Platform Based on Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes for the Detection of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Aqueous Samples
N2 - Luminescence lifetimes are an attractive analytical method for detection due to its high sensitivity and stability. Iridium probes exhibit luminescence with long excited-state lifetimes, which are sensitive to the local environment. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is listed as a chemical of high concern regarding its toxicity and is classified as a “forever chemical”. In addition to strict limits on the presence of PFOA in drinking water, environmental contamination from industrial effluent or chemical spills requires rapid, simple, accurate, and cost-effective analysis in order to aid containment. Herein, we report the fabrication and function of a novel and facile luminescence sensor for PFOA based on iridium modified on gold surfaces. These surfaces were modified with lipophilic iridium complexes bearing alkyl chains, namely, IrC6 and IrC12, and Zonyl-FSA surfactant. Upon addition of PFOA, the modified surfaces IrC6-FSA@Au and IrC12-FSA @Au show the largest change in the red luminescence signal with changes in the luminescence lifetime that allow monitoring of PFOA concentrations in aqueous solutions. The platform was tested for the measurement of PFOA in aqueous samples spiked with known concentrations of PFOA and demonstrated the capacity to determine PFOA at concentrations >100 μg/L (240 nM).
KW - Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)
KW - Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes
KW - Luminescent lifetime
KW - Optically active surfaces
KW - ToF-SIMS
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594535
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04289
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04289
VL - 96
IS - 4
SP - 1565
EP - 1575
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-59453
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hülagü, Deniz
A1 - Tobias, Charlie
A1 - Climent Terol, Estela
A1 - Gojani, Ardian
A1 - Rurack, Knut
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Generalized Analysis Approach of the Profile Roughness by Electron Microscopy with the Example of Hierarchically Grown Polystyrene–Iron Oxide–Silica Core–Shell–Shell Particles
N2 - The roughness as a property of core–shell (CS) microparticles plays a key role in their functionality. Quantitative evaluation of the roughness of CS microparticles is, however, a challenging task with approaches using electron microscopy images being scarce and showing pronounced differences in terms of methodology and results. This work presents a generalized method for the reliable roughness determination of nonplanar specimens such as CS particles from electron microscopic images, the method being robust and reproducible with a high accuracy. It involves a self-written software package (Python) that analyzes the recorded images, extracts corresponding data, and calculates the roughness based on the deviation of the identified contour. Images of single particles are taken by a dual mode scanning electron microscopy (SEM) setup which permits imaging of the same field-of-view of the sample with high resolution and surface sensitive in SE InLens mode as well as in transmission mode (TSEM). Herein, a new type of polystyrene core–iron oxide shell–silica shell particles is developed to serve as a set of lower micrometer-sized study objects with different surface roughness; the analysis of their images by the semiautomatic workflow is demonstrating that the particles’ profile roughness can be quantitatively obtained.
KW - Core–shell particles
KW - Image analysis
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Roughness
KW - SEM
KW - transmission mode
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-542576
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202101344
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Wiley-VCH
AN - OPUS4-54257
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd
A1 - Hanke, T.
A1 - Muth, Thilo
A1 - Riedel, Jens
A1 - Schilling, Markus
A1 - Schweizer, C.
A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit
A1 - Todor, A.
A1 - Moreno Torres, Benjami
A1 - Unger, Jörg F.
A1 - Völker, Christoph
A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen
T1 - A Perspective on Digital Knowledge Representation in Materials Science and Engineering
N2 - The amount of data generated worldwide is constantly increasing. These data come from a wide variety of sources and systems, are processed differently, have a multitude of formats, and are stored in an untraceable and unstructured manner, predominantly in natural language in data silos. This problem can be equally applied to the heterogeneous research data from materials science and engineering. In this domain, ways and solutions are increasingly being generated to smartly link material data together with their contextual information in a uniform and well-structured manner on platforms, thus making them discoverable, retrievable, and reusable for research and industry. Ontologies play a key role in this context. They enable the sustainable representation of expert knowledge and the semantically structured filling of databases with computer-processable data triples.
In this perspective article, we present the project initiative Materials-open-Laboratory (Mat-o-Lab) that aims to provide a collaborative environment for domain experts to digitize their research results and processes and make them fit for data-driven materials research and development. The overarching challenge is to generate connection points to further link data from other domains to harness the promised potential of big materials data and harvest new knowledge.
KW - Data infrastructures
KW - Digital representations
KW - Digital workflows
KW - Knowledge graphs
KW - Materials informatics
KW - Ontologies
KW - Vocabulary providers
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-546729
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202101176
SN - 1438-1656
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-54672
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Obenlüneschloß, Jorit
A1 - Boysen, Nils
A1 - Rönnby, Karl
A1 - Muriqi, Arbresha
A1 - Hoffmann, Volker
A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique
A1 - Rogalla, Detlef
A1 - Brokmann, Ulrike
A1 - Rädlein, Edda
A1 - Nolan, Michael
A1 - Devi, Anjana
T1 - Ein seltener mononuklearer Lithium‐Carben‐Komplex für die Atomlagenabscheidung von lithiumhaltigen Dünnschichten
N2 - KurzfassungLithium ist das zentrale Element moderner Batterietechnologien, und die Herstellung von lithiumhaltigen Materialien mittels Atomlagenabscheidung (engl. Atomic Layer Deposition, ALD) bietet erhebliche Vorteile bei der Kontrolle der Schichtdicke und ‐zusammensetzung. In dieser Studie wird ein neuer mononuklearer, durch ein N‐heterocyclisches Carben (NHC) stabilisierter Lithiumkomplex, [Li(tBuNHC)(hmds)], als vielversprechender Präkursor für die ALD von lithiumhaltigen Dünnschichten vorgestellt. Die strukturelle Charakterisierung erfolgt durch den Vergleich von Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT) und Einkristall‐Röntgenbeugung (engl. Single‐Crystal X‐ray Diffraction, SC‐XRD), wobei die seltene mononukleare Struktur bestätigt wird. Thermogravimetrische Analysen (TGA) zeigen vorteilhafte thermische Eigenschaften für ALD‐Anwendungen. Die Verbindung weist einen niedrigen Schmelzpunkt, saubere Verdampfung und ermutigende Volatilitätsparameter im Vergleich zu anderen Lithium‐Präkursoren auf. ALD‐Experimente mit [Li(tBuNHC)(hmds)] und Ozon zeigen dessen Effektivität bei der Abscheidung von LiSixOy‐Filmen. Der ALD‐Prozess zeigt ein gesättigtes Wachstum pro Zyklus (engl. Growth per Cycle, GPC) von 0,95 Å. Die Zusammensetzung, analysiert mittels Rutherford‐Rückstreu‐Spektrometrie/Kernreaktionsanalyse (engl. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry/Nuclear Reaction Analysis, RBS/NRA), Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie (engl. X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS) und Glimmentladungsspektroskopie (engl. Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry, GD‐OES), bestätigt das Vorhandensein von Lithium und Silizium in den erwarteten Verhältnissen. Diese Arbeit stellt nicht nur einen neuen ALD‐Präkursor vor, sondern trägt auch zum Verständnis der Lithiumchemie bei und bietet Einblicke in die faszinierende Koordinationschemie und das thermische Verhalten von durch NHC‐Liganden stabilisierten Lithiumkomplexen.
KW - Atomlagenabscheidung
KW - N-heterozyklischer-Carben-(NHC)-stabilisierter Lithium-Präkursor
KW - Mononuklearer Li–Carben-Komplex
KW - Lithiumsilicat-Dünnfilme
KW - Filmanalytik/-Charakterisierung
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-644045
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202513066
SN - 0044-8249
N1 - Es gibt eine parallele Sprachausgabe (englisch), ein Link befindet sich im Feld zugehöriger Identifikator - There is a parallel language edition (English), a link is in the field related identifier
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-64404
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Braymer, Joseph J.
A1 - Knauer, Lukas
A1 - Crack, Jason C.
A1 - Oltmanns, Jonathan
A1 - Heghmanns, Melanie
A1 - Soares, Jéssica C.
A1 - Le Brun, Nick E.
A1 - Schünemann, Volker
A1 - Kasanmascheff, Müge
T1 - Yeast [FeFe]-hydrogenase-like protein Nar1 binds a [2Fe–2S] cluster
N2 - Nar1 is an essential eukaryotic protein proposed to function as an iron–sulphur (Fe/S) cluster trafficking factor in the cytosolic iron–sulphur protein assembly (CIA) machinery. However, such a role has remained unclear due to difficulties in purifying adequate amounts of cofactor-bound protein. The [FeFe]-hydrogenase-like protein has two conserved binding sites for [4Fe–4S] clusters but does not show hydrogenase activity in vivo due to the lack of an active site [2Fe]H cofactor. Here, we report a new preparation procedure for Nar1 that facilitated studies by UV-vis, EPR, and Mössbauer spectroscopies, along with native mass spectrometry. Nar1 recombinantly produced in E. coli contained a [4Fe–4S] cluster, bound presumably at site 1, along with an unexpected [2Fe–2S] cluster bound at an unknown site. Fe/S reconstitution reactions installed a second [4Fe–4S] cluster at site 2, leading to protein with up to three Fe/S cofactors. It is proposed that the [2Fe–2S] cluster occupies a cavity in Nar1 that is filled by the [2Fe]H cofactor in [FeFe]-hydrogenases. Strikingly, two of the Fe/S clusters were rapidly destroyed by molecular oxygen, linking Nar1 oxygen sensitivity in vitro to phenotypes observed previously in vivo. Our biochemical results, therefore, validate a direct link between cellular oxygen concentrations and the functioning of the CIA pathway. These advances also now allow for the pursuit of in vitro Fe/S cluster transfer assays, which will shed light on Fe/S trafficking and insertion by CIA components.
KW - Biocorrosion
KW - Hydrogenases
KW - Metalloprotein
KW - Yeast
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-649463
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SC04860E
SN - 2041-6520
VL - 17
IS - 1
SP - 373
EP - 380
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-64946
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Saleh, Maysoon I.
A1 - Rühle, Bastian
A1 - Wang, Shu
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - You, Yi
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Assessing the protective effects of different surface coatings on NaYF4:YB3+, Er3+, upconverting nanoparticles in buffer and DMEM
N2 - We studied the dissolution behavior of β NaYF4:Yb(20%), Er(2%) UCNP of two different sizes in biologically relevant media i.e., water (neutral pH), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) at different temperatures and particle concentrations. Special emphasis was dedicated to assess the influence of different surface functionalizations, particularly the potential of mesoporous and microporous silica shells of different thicknesses for UCNP stabilization and protection. Dissolution was quantified electrochemically using a fluoride ion selective electrode (ISE) and by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). In addition, dissolution was monitored fluorometrically. These experiments revealed that a thick microporous silica shell drastically decreased dissolution. Our results also underline the critical influence of the chemical composition of the aqueous environment on UCNP dissolution. In DMEM, we observed the formation of a layer of adsorbed molecules on the UCNP surface that protected the UCNP from dissolution and enhanced their fluorescence. Examination of this layer by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mass spectrometry (MS) suggested that mainly phenylalanine, lysine, and glucose are adsorbed from DMEM. These findings should be considered in the future for cellular toxicity studies with UCNP and other nanoparticles and the design of new biocompatible surface coatings.
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Lifetime
KW - Method
KW - Quantification
KW - Stability
KW - Coating
KW - Surface chemistry
KW - Lanthanide
KW - Fluoride
KW - Electrochemistry
KW - ICP-OES
KW - Upconversion
KW - Nano
KW - Particle
KW - Aging
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - XPS
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-515984
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76116-z
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 10
IS - 1
SP - 19318-1
EP - 19318-11
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-51598
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cairns, Warren R. L.
A1 - Braysher, Emma C.
A1 - Butler, Owen T.
A1 - Cavoura, Olga
A1 - Davidson, Christine M.
A1 - Todoli Torro, Jose Luis
A1 - von der Au, Marcus
T1 - Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in environmental analysis
N2 - This review covers advances in the analysis of air, water, plants, soils and geological materials by a range of atomic spectrometric techniques including atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry.
KW - Environmental analysis
KW - Review
KW - Trend Article
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653977
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA90058A
SN - 0267-9477
VL - 41
IS - 1
SP - 16
EP - 70
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-65397
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Onyenso, Gabriel
A1 - AI-Zawity, Jiwar
A1 - Farahbakhsh, Nastaran
A1 - Schardt, Annika
A1 - Yadigarli, Aydan
A1 - Vakamulla Raghu, Swathi Naidu
A1 - Engelhard, Carsten
A1 - Müller, Mareike
A1 - Schönherr, Holger
A1 - Killian, Manuela S.
T1 - Novel Ag-modified zirconia nanomaterials with antibacterial activity
N2 - The outcome of an implant procedure largely depends on the implant's surface properties. Biomaterials are now designed to have surfaces with multifunctionality, such as favorable tissue integration and the ability to combat bacterial adhesion and colonization. Herein, we report on a simple approach to improve the antibacterial properties of zirconia nanotubes (ZrNTs) coatings by decorating with silver nanoparticles (AgNP), achieved through electrochemical anodization of a zirconium–silver alloy (Zr–Ag). The AgNPs were shown to partially consist of Ag2O, potentially enhancing the availability of Ag+ ions for antibacterial activity. The modified ZrNTs were characterized using SEM, EDS, ToF-SIMS, and XPS to determine their structural morphology and chemical composition, and were further subjected to antibacterial testing. The silver and zirconium ion release behavior was monitored via ICP-MS. ZrNTs decorated with AgNP exhibit strong antimicrobial activity (>99% bacterial killing) against both S. aureus and E. coli. Antimicrobial tests indicate that the antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive pathogen S. aureus was improved by a factor of 100 compared to unmodified ZrNTs, while unmodified ZrNTs already showed a comparable reduction of viable Gram-negative E. coli. This strategy illustrates a straightforward and effective modification that optimizes the interface between the host environment and the biomaterial surface to meet the very important criteria of biocompatibility and active antibacterial response.
KW - Mass Spectrometry
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Advanced Materials
KW - ICP-MS
KW - Antimicrobial material
KW - ToF-SIMS
PY - 2026
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653990
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra07099f
SN - 2046-2069
VL - 16
IS - 3
SP - 2286
EP - 2297
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-65399
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bayat, Mehmet Emin
A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich
A1 - Tiebe, Carlo
A1 - Tuma, Dirk
A1 - Engelhard, Carsten
T1 - Trace-Level Ammonia–Water Interactions in Hydrogen: Challenges in Gas Purity Analysis Using Optical-Feedback Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (OF-CEAS)
N2 - Ammonia is a critical impurity in hydrogen fuel due to its irreversible poisoning effect on proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Therefore, international standards (e.g., ISO 14687) set a stringent threshold of 100 nmol/mol. Furthermore, with the growing potential use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier, its accurate quantification is becoming increasingly important. However, the presence of trace humidity poses analytical challenges, as ammonia may interact with water or interfaces, thereby affecting its detectability. Therefore, the goal of this work is to enable accurate trace ammonia quantification for hydrogen purity measurements through fundamental studies of the methodological challenges. Here, low-pressure sampling (ultra)long-path Optical-Feedback Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (OF-CEAS) was applied with an effective optical path length of approximately 6.17 km. We studied three average amounts of ammonia: (38.2 ± 0.8) nmol/mol, (74.8 ± 0.7) nmol/mol, and (112.1 ± 1.2) nmol/mol. Furthermore, these amounts were investigated at trace-humidity levels ranging from 0.8 to 8.5 ppmV. We observed a systematic, nonlinear, and humidity-dependent positive measurement bias of up to + (1.0 ± 0.2) nmol/mol at the maximum investigated trace-humidity volume fraction of 8.5 ppmV. This bias was not caused by spectral interference but rather by water-induced accumulation of ammonia within the optical cavity. Moreover, time-resolved measurements in the presence of trace ammonia showed that water desorption follows first-order kinetics, whereas water adsorption followed mixed-order kinetics with an apparent reaction order of 1.57 ± 0.03. Distinct hydration states of surface-bound ammonia were identified, whereas under dry conditions and with increasing amounts of ammonia, enhanced surface adhesion through intermolecular clustering was observed. In addition, the presence of ammonium species within the sorption layer was indirectly confirmed by our experiments. In conclusion, we provide a deeper insight into trace-level ammonia–water interactions and establish a framework for optimizing methodologies, particularly for (ultra)long-path optical gas measurement systems.
KW - Ammonia
KW - Hydrogen
KW - OF-CEAS
KW - Humidity
KW - Surface Interactions
KW - Adsorption
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643627
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00105
SN - 2694-250X
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-64362
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Srivastava, Priyanka
A1 - Tavernaro, Isabella
A1 - Scholtz, Lena
A1 - Genger, C.
A1 - Welker, P.
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Dual color pH probes made from silica and polystyrene nanoparticles and their performance in cell studies
N2 - Ratiometric green–red fluorescent nanosensors for fluorometrically monitoring pH in the acidic range were designed from 80 nm-sized polystyrene (PS) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), red emissive reference dyes, and a green emissive naphthalimide pH probe, analytically and spectroscopically characterized, and compared regarding their sensing performance in aqueous dispersion and in cellular uptake studies. Preparation of these optical probes, which are excitable by 405 nm laser or LED light sources, involved the encapsulation of the pH-inert red-fuorescent dye Nile Red (NR) in the core of self-made carboxylated PSNPs by a simple swelling procedure and the fabrication of rhodamine B (RhB)-stained SiO2-NPs from a silane derivative of pH-insensitive RhB. Subsequently, the custom-made naphthalimide pH probe, that utilizes a protonation-controlled photoinduced electron transfer process, was covalently attached to the carboxylic acid groups at the surface of both types of NPs. Fluorescence microscopy studies with the molecular and nanoscale optical probes and A549 lung cancer cells confirmed the cellular uptake of all probes and their penetration into acidic cell compartments, i.e., the lysosomes, indicated by the switching ON of the green naphthalimide fluorescence. This underlines their suitability for intracellular pH sensing, with the SiO2-based nanosensor revealing the best performance regarding uptake speed and stability.
KW - Sensors
KW - Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles
KW - pH probe
KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy
KW - Cell studies
KW - Dye
KW - Particle synthesis
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569198
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28203-0
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
IS - 1
SP - 1321
EP - 1336
PB - Nature
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-56919
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - O'Hara, Kate
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Blaskovich, M.
A1 - Rühle, Bastian
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
T1 - A fluorescently labelled quaternary ammonium compound (NBD-DDA) to study resistance mechanisms in bacteria
N2 - Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used as active agents in disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives. Despite being in use since the 1940s, there remain multiple open questions regarding their detailed mode-of-action and the mechanisms, including phenotypic heterogeneity, that can make bacteria less susceptible to QACs. To facilitate studies on resistance mechanisms towards QACs, we synthesized a fluorescent quaternary ammonium compound, namely N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-[2-[(4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl)amino]ethyl]azanium-iodide (NBD-DDA). NBD-DDA is readily detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy with standard GFP/FITC-settings, making it suitable for molecular and single-cell studies. As a proof-of-concept, NBD-DDA was then used to investigate resistance mechanisms which can be heterogeneous among individual bacterial cells. Our results reveal that the antimicrobial activity of NBD-DDA against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is comparable to that of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a widely used QAC, and benzyl-dimethyl-dodecylammonium chloride (BAC12), a mono-constituent BAC with alkyl-chain length of 12 and high structural similarity to NBD-DDA. Characteristic time-kill kinetics and increased tolerance of a BAC tolerant E. coli strain against NBD-DDA suggest that the mode of action of NBD-DDA is similar to that of BAC. As revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), NBD-DDA is preferentially localized to the cell envelope of E. coli, which is a primary target of BAC and other QACs. Leveraging these findings and NBD-DDA‘s fluorescent properties, we show that reduced cellular accumulation is responsible for the evolved BAC tolerance in the BAC tolerant E. coli strain and that NBD-DDA is subject to efflux mediated by TolC. Overall, NBD-DDA’s antimicrobial activity, its fluorescent properties, and its ease of detection render it a powerful tool to study resistance mechanisms of QACs in bacteria and highlight its potential to gain detailed insights into its mode-of-action.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Disinfection
KW - Biocides
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563811
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023326
SN - 1664-302X
IS - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56381
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rua-Ibarz, Ana
A1 - Nakadi, Flávio V.
A1 - Bolea-Fernandez, Eduardo
A1 - Bazo, Antonio
A1 - Battistella, Beatrice
A1 - Matiushkina, Anna
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique
A1 - Resano, Martín
T1 - Discrete entity analysis via microwave-induced nitrogen plasma–mass spectrometry in single-event mode
N2 - In this work, single-event microwave-induced nitrogen plasma–mass spectrometry (single-event MINP-MS) was evaluated for the first time for the analysis of discrete entities such as nanoparticles, biological cells, and microplastics. Nitrogen (N2) effectively overcomes Ar-based polyatomic interferences, enabling (ultra)trace element determination of Fe and Se using their most abundant isotopes, 56Fe (91.66%) and 80Se (49.82%). Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) ranging from 20 to 70 nm were accurately characterized, with excellent agreement with established sizing techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). A limit of detection (LoD) of 8.6 ag for Fe─equivalent to an LoDsize of 19 nm for Fe2O3─was achieved, which is significantly lower than recent values reported for high-end quadrupole-based ICP-MS. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) of 150 and 250 nm were also accurately characterized, without the N2-based plasma experiencing issues handling relatively large metallic NPs (linearity, R2 = 0.9994). Se-enriched yeast cells (SELM-1 certified reference material) were successfully analyzed via single-cell MINP-MS using external calibration based on SeNPs and a transport efficiency-independent approach. In addition, 2–3 μm polystyrene (PS) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were accurately sized by monitoring 12C+, confirming the method’s suitability for handling micrometer-sized polymeric materials (microplastics). The average duration of individual events (680 ± 160 μs) suggests that the digestion of individual entities in N2-based plasmas is comparable to that in Ar-based plasmas. These results open new avenues for this instrumentation as an alternative to ICP ionization sources, also in the context of discrete entity analysis.
KW - Microwave-Induced Nitrogen Plasma
KW - Discrete entity analysis
KW - Particle/droplet event counting
KW - Comparison to SP-ICP-MS methodologies
KW - Nitrogen plasma vs. argon ICP trade-offs
KW - Trace elemental quantification at the single-entity level
KW - Time-resolved mass spectrometry for discrete entities
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643825
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c04341
SN - 0003-2700
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-64382
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Morcillo, Dalia
A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander
A1 - Oelze, Marcus
A1 - Leonhardt, Robert
A1 - Schmidt, Anita
A1 - Richter, Silke
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique
T1 - Exploring Age-Induced Lithium Isotope Fractionation in Lithium-Ion Batteries using Microwave-Induced Cold Nitrogen Plasma Mass Spectrometry
N2 - This study explores Microwave-Inductively Coupled Atmospheric-pressure Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MICAP-MS) as a cost-effective alternative to Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) for analyzing lithium isotopic composition in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). We investigate the performance of MICAP-MS in measuring Li isotope ratios in new and aged commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries. Our results show that MICAP-MS, operating under cold plasma conditions at 800 W with an 8 mm torch position, achieves results metrologically compatible with MC-ICP-MS, with a precision ranging from 0.6‰ to 3.4‰ for δ7Li values. MICAP-MS benefits from a dielectric resonator for uniform plasma, better ion velocity control, and higher energy efficiency. Optimal settings were identified with dwell times of 10 ms for 6Li and 1 ms for 7Li. The study of LIBs revealed that 6Li migrates towards the anode over multiple charge–discharge cycles, causing 7Li to accumulate in the cathode, a fractionation effect that becomes more pronounced with prolonged cycling. MICAP-MS provides a cost-effective, precise alternative to MC-ICP-MS, with lower operational costs and enhanced portability, advancing the study of isotopic fractionation and aging in lithium-ion batteries.
KW - MICAP-MS
KW - Lithium
KW - Battery aging
KW - Lithium isotopes
KW - Nitrogen plasma
KW - Isotope fractionation
KW - lithium cobalt oxide
KW - LCO
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643777
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ja00324a
SN - 0267-9477
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-64377
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique
A1 - Jegielka, Dennis
A1 - Aloysius, Allen
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
T1 - SI-traceable total analysis of nitrate and nitrite by isotope dilution optical spectroscopy and its application to Berlin surface waters
N2 - Accurate nitrate and nitrite data support water-quality regulation, yet routine methods rely on external calibration and rarely achieve SI traceability. We report a calibration-free determination of nitrate and nitrite by combining isotope dilution with high-resolution continuum-source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (ID-HR-CS-GF-MAS). A 15N-enriched nitrate spike (its concentration verified by reverse isotope dilution against the standard reference material NIST 3185) provides the SI link, and it is gravimetrically added to samples; nitrate and residual nitrite are converted in situ to nitric oxide (NO), whose 215 nm band is recorded at a pixel resolution of λ/Δλ ≈ 140 000. The 0.2127 nm shift between 14NO and 15NO electronic spectra is resolved, and a three-latent-variable partial least squares regression model yields the 15N/14N ratio with 0.3% precision. Instrumental LoD values of 4.8 ng (14N) and 3.2 ng (15N) translate to a method LoD of 4.8 ng of nitrogen (equivalent to 1.05 mg L−1 NO3− for a 20 μL aliquot). The furnace program allows for successive drying/pyrolysis loops, so additional 20 μL aliquots can be layered onto the graphite platform. Alternatively, a 10 mL anion-exchange solid-phase extraction step concentrates nitrate and nitrite fivefold, allowing for the analysis of even lower sample concentrations. Results for four certified reference materials (2.9 to 1000 mg L−1 NO3−) agreed with certified values, giving relative expanded uncertainties of 2 to 4%. Analysis of twenty Berlin surface-water samples revealed concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 7.3 mg L−1 NO3−, indicating that the Panke River and Teltow Canal are the primary sources of nitrogen. ID-HR-CS-GF-MAS thus delivers ID-MS-level accuracy in a few minutes per run with bench-top optics, and, with optional on-platform or SPE pre-concentration, extends SI-traceable nitrate/nitrite monitoring into the low-ng regime.
KW - Isotope dilution
KW - Nitrate and nitrite determination
KW - SI-traceable quantification
KW - Calibration-free analysis
KW - Water quality
KW - Berlin surface waters
KW - NO molecular absorption bands
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643785
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00252D
SN - 0267-9477
VL - 40
IS - 10
SP - 2692
EP - 2701
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-64378
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -