TY - JOUR
A1 - Zabihi, Mohammadmasoud
A1 - Krebber, Katerina
T1 - Laser source frequency drift compensation in Φ-OTDR systems using multiple probe frequencies
N2 - In this study, an approach for mitigation of LSFD in Φ-OTDR systems was proposed. By using one probe pulse as a reference in a system with two or more probe frequencies, we can remove unwanted low frequency noise that is originally caused by the laser source. Although LSFD is problematic issue, it is not the only source of low frequency noise. Change in temperature, humidity, physical surroundings, environment, etc., can result in such noises. The proposed method; however, is expected to highly suppresses all of these effects, regardless of their source, either in the time or frequency domain.
For comparing reference and probe signals, there are sophisticated methods, rather than normal differentiation, available for use. Some of these methods have a close relationship with CPD methods and can further enhance the results. These methods can be further discussed in an independent research or future work.
The proposed method is very helpful for increasing accuracy in passive and active seismic monitoring, reservoir monitoring, underwater monitoring, etc. It also helps using relatively simpler laser sources and make the whole system price-efficient, as well as processing data without lengthy compensation algorithms.
KW - Frequency Drift
KW - Փ-OTDR
KW - LSFD
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-560517
DO - https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.460302
SN - 1094-4087
VL - 30
IS - 11
SP - 19990
EP - 19998
PB - Optica
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-56051
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steinhäuser, Lorin
A1 - Piechotta, Christian
A1 - Westphalen, Tanja
A1 - Kaminski, Katja
T1 - Evaluation, comparison and combination of molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction and classical solid phase extraction for the preconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals from representative whole water samples
N2 - Estrogens are endocrine disrupting chemicals and of high concerns due to demonstrated harmful effects on the environment and low effect levels. For monitoring and risk assessment, several estrogens were included in the "watch list" of the EU Water Framework Directive which sets very low environmental quality standard (EQS) levels for Estrone (E1) and 17β-Estradiol (E2) of 0.4 ng L−1 and for 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) of 0.035 ng L−1 requiring sensitive detection methods, as well as extensive sample preparation. A sensitive, derivatization-free, isotope dilution calibration HPLC-MS/MS method for a panel of 5 selected estrogens (including the 3 estrogens of the EU WFD watchlist), and a procedure for the reproducible preparation of a representative whole water matrix including mineral water, humic acids and solid particulate matter are presented. These are used in a diligent comparison of classical solid phase extraction (SPE) on hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) phase to SPE on an estrogen-specific molecularly imprinted polymer phase (MISPE) for ultra-trace levels of the analytes (1–10 ng L−1). Additionally, a two-step procedure combining HLB SPE disks followed by MISPE is evaluated. The tow-step procedure provides superior enrichment, matrix removal and sample throughput while maintaining comparable recovery rates to simple cartridge SPE. Estimated method quantification limits (MQLs) range from 0.109–0.184 ng L−1 and thus meet EQS-levels for E1 and E2, but not EE2. The representative whole water matrix provides a reproducible comparison of sample preparation methods and lays the foundation for a certified reference material for estrogen analysis. The presented method will serve as the basis for an extended validation study to assess its use for estrogen monitoring in the environment.
KW - Estrogens
KW - Whole water samples
KW - Molecular imprinted polymers
KW - EU-WFD
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563547
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2022.100163
SN - 2666-8319
VL - 6
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Elsevier B.V.
CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande
AN - OPUS4-56354
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ehlers, Henrik
A1 - Thewes, R.
A1 - Pelkner, Matthias
T1 - Online Process Monitoring for Additive Manufacturing Using Eddy Current Testing With Magnetoresistive Sensor Arrays
N2 - The rising popularity of additive manufacturing processes leads to an increased interest in possibilities and methods for related process monitoring. Such methods ensure improved process quality and increase the understanding of the manufacturing process, which in turn is the basis for stable component quality, e.g., required in the aerospace industry or in the medical sector. For laser powder bed fusion, a handful of process monitoring tools already exist, such as optical tomography, thermography, pyrometry, imaging, or laser power monitoring. Although these tools provide helpful information about the process, more information is required for an accurate in-depth understanding. In this article, advanced approaches in eddy current testing (ET) are combined, such as single wire excitation, magnetoresistive (MR) sensor arrays, and heterodyning to build up a system that can be used for online process monitoring of laser powder bed fusion. In addition to detailed information about the developed ET system and underlying signal processing, the first results of magnetoresistance-basedonline ET during the laser powder fusion process are presented. While producing a step-shaped cuboid, each layer is tested during recoating.
Test results show that not only the contours of the topmost layer are detected but also the contours of previous layers covered by powder. At an excitation frequency of 1 MHz, a penetration depth of approx. 400 μm is obtained. To highlight the possibilities of ET for online process monitoring of laser powder bed fusion, results are compared with postexposure images of the integrated layer control system (LCS).
KW - Process monitoring
KW - Eddy current testing
KW - Giant magneto resistance (GMR)
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - Laser powder bed fusion
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-560881
DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2022.3205177
VL - 22
IS - 20
SP - 19293
EP - 19300
PB - IEEE
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-56088
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wiehle, Philipp
A1 - Brinkmann, M.
T1 - Material behaviour of unstabilised earth block masonry and its components under compression at varying relative humidity
N2 - block and mortar types is analysed with particular regard to the influence of varying relative humidity. The uniaxial compressive strength and deformation characteristics of unstabilised earth blocks and mortars as well as of unstabilised earth block masonry are studied in detail and compared to conventional masonry to evaluate whether the structural design can be made accordingly. An increase of 30 % points in relative humidity leads to a reduction of the masonry´s compressive strength between 33 % and 35 % whereas the Young´s modulus is reduced by 24–29 %. However, the ratio between the Young´s modulus and the characteristic compressive strength of earth block masonry ranges between E33/fk = 283–583 but is largely independent of the relative humidity. The results show that the mechanical properties of the investigated unstabilised earth block masonry are sufficient for load-bearing structures, yielding a masonry compressive strength between 2.3 MPa and 3.7 MPa throughout the range of moisture contents
investigated. In general, the design concept of conventional masonry can be adapted for unstabilised earth masonry provided that the rather low Young´s modulus as well as the moisture dependence of both, compressive strength and Young´s modulus, are sufficiently taken into
account.
KW - Compressive strength
KW - Earth block masonry
KW - Compression tests
KW - Stress-strain relation
KW - Relative humidity
KW - Moisture content
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-562417
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01663
SN - 2214-5095
VL - 17
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Elsevier B.V.
CY - Netherlands
AN - OPUS4-56241
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hong, H.
A1 - Part, Florian
A1 - Nowack, B.
T1 - Prospective dynamic and probabilistic material flow analysis of graphene-based materials in Europe from 2004 to 2030
N2 - As industrial demand for graphene-based materials (GBMs) grows, more attention falls on potential environmental risks. The present article describes a first assessment of the environmental releases of GBMs using dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis. The model considered all current or expected uses of GBMs from 2004 to 2030, during which time there have already been significant changes in how the graphene mass produced is distributed to different product categories. Although the volume of GBM production is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years, outflow from the consumption of products containing GBMs shows only a slightly positive trend due to their long lifetimes and the large in-use stock of some applications (e.g., GBM composites used in wind turbine blades). From consumption and end-of-life phase GBM mass flows in 2030, estimates suggest that more than 50% will be incinerated and oxidized in waste plants, 16% will be landfilled, 12% will be exported out of Europe, and 1.4% of the annual production will flow to the environment. Predicted release concentrations for 2030 are 1.4 ng/L in surface water and 20 μg/kg in sludge-treated soil. This study’s results could be used for prospective environmental risk assessments and as input for environmental fate models.
KW - Graphene
KW - Graphene-based material (GBM)
KW - Material flow analysis
KW - Exposure modeling
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568843
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04002
SN - 0013-936X
SN - 1520-5851
VL - 56
SP - 13798
EP - 13809
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Columbus, Ohio
AN - OPUS4-56884
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tatzel, M.
A1 - Frings, P. J.
A1 - Oelze, Marcus
A1 - Herwartz, D.
A1 - Lünsdorf, K.
A1 - Wiedenbeck, M.
T1 - Chert oxygen isotope ratios are driven by Earth's thermal evolution
N2 - The 18O/16O ratio of cherts (δ18Ochert) increases nearly monotonically by ~15‰ from the Archean to present. Two end-member explanations have emerged: cooling seawater temperature (TSW) and increasing seawater δ18O (δ18Osw). Yet despite decades of work, there is no consensus, leading some to view the δ18Ochert record as pervasively altered.
Here, we demonstrate that cherts are a robust archive of diagenetic temperatures, despite metamorphism and exposure to meteoric fluids, and show that the timing and temperature of quartz precipitation and thus δ18Ochert are determined by the kinetics of silica diagenesis. A diagenetic model shows that δ18Ochert is influenced by heat flow through the sediment column. Heat flow has decreased over time as planetary heat is dissipated, and reasonable Archean-modern heat flow changes account for ~5‰ of the increase in δ18Ochert, obviating the need for extreme TSW or δ18Osw reconstructions. The seawater oxygen isotope budget is also influenced by solid Earth cooling, with a recent reconstruction placing Archean δ18OSW 5 to 10‰ lower than today. Together, this provides an internally consistent view of the δ18Ochert record as driven by solid Earth cooling over billion-year timescales that is compatible with Precambrian glaciations and biological.
KW - Climate
KW - Oxygen isotope ratios
KW - Silica diagenesis
KW - Early Earth
KW - Heat flow
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569359
DO - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2213076119
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 119
IS - 51
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - National Academy of Sciences
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-56935
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Merz, Benjamin
A1 - Nilsson, R.
A1 - Garske, C.
A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai
T1 - Camera-based high precision position detection for hybrid additive manufacturing with laser powder bed fusion
N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) in general and laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) in particular are becoming increasingly important in the field of production technologies. Especially the high achievable accuracies and the great freedom in design make PBF-LB/M interesting for the manufacturing and repair of gas turbine blades. Part repair involves building AM-geometries onto an existing component. To minimise the offset between component and AM-geometry, a precise knowledge of the position of the component in the PBF-LB/M machine is mandatory. However, components cannot be inserted into the PBF-LB/M machine with repeatable accuracy, so the actual position will differ for each part. For an offset-free build-up, the actual position of the component in the PBF-LB/M machine has to be determined. In this paper, a camera-based position detection system is developed considering PBF-LB/M constraints and system requirements. This includes finding an optimal camera position considering the spatial limitations of the PBF-LB/M machine and analysing the resulting process coordinate systems. In addition, a workflow is developed to align different coordinate systems and simultaneously correct the perspective distortion in the acquired camera images. Thus, position characteristics can be determined from images by image moments. For this purpose, different image segmentation algorithms are compared. The precision of the system developed is evaluated in tests with 2D objects. A precision of up to 30μm in translational direction and an angular precision of 0.021∘ is achieved. Finally, a 3D demonstrator was built using this proposed hybrid strategy. The offset between base component and AM-geometry is determined by 3D scanning and is 69μm.
KW - Laser powder bed fusion
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - Hybrid repair
KW - Machine vision
KW - Image processing
KW - Position detection
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568583
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10691-5
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-56858
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nerger, Tino
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Drone-Based Localization of Hazardous Chemicals by Passive Smart Dust
N2 - The distribution of tiny sensors over a specific area was first proposed in the late 1990s as a concept known as smart dust. Several efforts focused primarily on computing and networking capabilities, but quickly ran into problems related to power supply, cost, data transmission, and environmental pollution. To overcome these limitations, we propose using paper-based (confetti-like) chemosensors that exploit the inherent selectivity of chemical reagents, such as colorimetric indicators. In this work, cheap and biodegradable passive sensors made from cellulose could successfully indicate the presence of hazardous chemicals, e.g., strong acids, by a significant color change. A conventional color digital camera attached to a drone could easily detect this from a safe distance. The collected data were processed to define the hazardous area. Our work presents a combination of the smart dust concept, chemosensing, paper-based sensor technology, and low-cost drones for flexible, sensitive, economical, and rapid detection of hazardous chemicals in high-risk scenarios.
KW - Cellulose
KW - Passive Smart Dust
KW - Drohne
KW - Kolorimetrische Sensoren
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614641
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196195
VL - 24
IS - 19
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-61464
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Breuninger, Esther S.
A1 - Tolu, Julie
A1 - Aemisegger, Franziska
A1 - Thurnherr, Iris
A1 - Bouchet, Sylvain
A1 - Mestrot, Adrien
A1 - Ossola, Rachele
A1 - McNeill, Kristopher
A1 - Tukhmetova, Dariya
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
A1 - Meermann, Björn
A1 - Sonke, Jeroen E.
A1 - Winkel, Lenny H. E.
T1 - Marine and terrestrial contributions to atmospheric deposition fluxes of methylated arsenic species
N2 - Arsenic, a toxic element from both anthropogenic and natural sources, reaches surface environments through atmospheric cycling and dry and wet deposition. Biomethylation volatilizes arsenic into the atmosphere and deposition cycles it back to the surface, affecting soil-plant systems. Chemical speciation of deposited arsenic is important for understanding further processing in soils and bioavailability. However, the range of atmospheric transport and source signature of arsenic species remain understudied. Here we report significant levels ofmethylated arsenic in precipitation, cloudwater and aerosols collected under free tropospheric conditions at Pic du Midi Observatory (France) indicating long-range transport, which is crucial for atmospheric budgets. Through chemical analyses andmoisture source diagnostics, we identify terrestrial and marine sources for distinct arsenic species. Estimated atmospheric deposition fluxes of methylated arsenic are similar to reported methylation rates in soils, highlighting atmospheric deposition as a significant, overlooked source of potentially bioavailable methylated arsenic
species impacting plant uptake in soils.
KW - Arsenic
KW - Speciation
KW - Fluxes
KW - Marine
KW - Terrestrial
KW - Sulfur isotopes
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615551
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53974-z
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 15
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-61555
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yagdjian, H.
A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien
A1 - Hirsch, Philipp Daniel
A1 - Ziegler, Mathias
A1 - Gurka, M.
T1 - Application of the thermal shock response spectrum (TSRS) methodology to various forms of heat sources by pulse thermography and comparison by using a rotating line scan contour search algorithm
N2 - In this paper, we propose a novel contour search algorithm (CSA) for image processing. Its efficacy is evaluated through a comparative analysis with established techniques such as Canny Edge and Snakes: Active contour models, utilizing infrared thermography (IRT) images. Based on the new CSA, we investigate the influence of different pulse shapes on the IRT post-processing methodology, particularly focusing on the thermal shock response spectrum (TSRS), using two different heat sources: xenon flash lamps and a laser. Moreover, this allows for a more precise quantitative comparison of the TSRS with existing IRT post-processing techniques, including pulse phase thermography and thermal signal reconstruction, concerning the detection of defects in composite materials, particularly in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer. A quantitative comparison was performed using the Tanimoto criterion and signal-to-noise ratio. A more detailed analysis is conducted to identify inherent limitations and potential benefits of the new TSRS methodology. We further investigate and experimentally confirm our previous finding on the qualitative correlation between the one-dimensional thermal N-layer model and test data from the TSRS optimization process for defect determination. This correlation can eliminate the time-consuming optimization step, making TSRS a more attractive alternative to common IRT methods and enhancing the quantitative description of defects.
KW - Thermography
KW - Non-destructive testing
KW - NDT
KW - Defect identification
KW - Laser
KW - Contour search
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615056
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0232015
SN - 1089-7550
VL - 136
IS - 175101
SP - 1
EP - 20
PB - AIP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-61505
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abed, Jehad
A1 - Bai, Yanh
A1 - Persaud, Daniel
A1 - Kim, Jiheon
A1 - Witt, Julia
A1 - Hattrick.Simpers, Jason
A1 - Sargent, Edward
T1 - AMPERE: automated modular platform for expedited and reproducible electrochemical testing
N2 - Rapid and reliable electrochemical screening is critical to accelerate the development of catalysts for sustainable energy generation and storage. This paper introduces an automated and modular platform for expedited and reproducible electrochemical testing (AMPERE), designed to enhance the efficiency and reliability of multivariate optimization. The platform integrates a liquid-handling robot with custommade modular array reactors, offering sample preparation and electrochemical testing in the same platform. Additionally, we use offline inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICPOES) to measure metal concentrations in the electrolyte after the reaction, which serves as a proxy for assessing the electrochemical stability. We use the platform to conduct 168 experiments continuously in less than 40 hours to examine the influence of catalyst ink formulation on the performance of Ir, Ru, IrO2, and RuO2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid. We specifically investigate the role of solvent type and concentration, catalyst concentration, and binder content on the performance. We find that Ru/RuO2 catalysts show improvements in activity that are not directly linked to improvements in the electrochemical surface area or inversely correlated to Ru dissolution. This suggests a complex interplay between the catalytic performance of the drop-casted catalyst film and ink formulation. AMPERE simplifies catalyst preparation and testing at large scale, making it faster, more reliable, and accessible for
widespread use.
KW - Electrochemical screening
KW - Automated platform
KW - Catalysis
KW - Energy generation and storage
KW - Oxygen evolution reaction (OER)
KW - MAPz@BAM
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614724
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d4dd00203b
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-61472
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jauregui Rozo, Maria
A1 - Sunder, S:
A1 - Ruckdäschel, H.
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
T1 - Char, gas, and action: Transfer of the flame-retardant modes of action in epoxy resins and their fiber-reinforced composites
N2 - Flame retardants are often developed for epoxy resins and then transferred into their fiber-reinforced composites with uncertain results. Understanding this transfer in detail represents a critical scientific challenge. This study systematically compares epoxy resins with their glass-fiber reinforced composites, focusing on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether with the hardener dicyandiamide, the flame retardants melamine polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, and silane ammonium polyphosphate, along with inorganic silicate. The research investigates changes in pyrolysis (thermogravimetry), flammability (UL 94, limiting oxygen index), and fire behavior (cone calorimeter) while also examining the flame-retardant modes of action and overall fire performance. The findings reveal that alterations in the amount of fuel, thermal properties, melt flow, and protective layer significantly impact ignition, flammability, and fire load, with a critical reduction in carbonaceous char within the composites preventing intumescence. This study quantifies the effects and provides a fundamental scientific understanding of the complex transfer process of flame retardants from resins to composites, offering essential insights that are of major importance for developing more effective flame-retardant materials.
KW - Glas fibers
KW - Epoxy resins
KW - Fire behavior
KW - Flammability
KW - Composites
KW - Flame retardants
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615371
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108610
SN - 0142-9418
SN - 1873-2348
VL - 140
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-61537
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chaudhuri, Somsubhro
A1 - Stamm, Michael
A1 - Lapšanská, Ivana
A1 - Lançon, Thibault
A1 - Osterbrink, Lars
A1 - Driebe, Thomas
A1 - Hein, Daniel
A1 - Harendt, René
T1 - Infrared Thermography of Turbulence Patterns of Operational Wind Turbine Rotor Blades Supported With High‐Resolution Photography: KI‐VISIR Dataset
N2 - With increasing wind energy capacity and installation of wind turbines, new inspection techniques are being explored to examine wind turbine rotor blades, especially during operation. A common result of surface damage phenomena (such as leading edge erosion) is the premature transition of laminar to turbulent flow on the surface of rotor blades. In the KI-VISIR (Künstliche Intelligenz Visuell und Infrarot Thermografie—Artificial Intelligence-Visual and Infrared Thermography) project, infrared thermography is used as an inspection tool to capture so-called thermal turbulence patterns (TTPs) that result from such surface contamination or damage. To complement the thermographic inspections, high-resolution photography is performed to visualise, in detail, the sites where these turbulence patterns initiate. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed and used to detect and localise turbulence patterns. A unique dataset combining the thermograms and visual images of operational wind turbine rotor blades has been provided, along with the simplified annotations for the turbulence patterns. Additional tools are available to allow users to use the data requiring only basic Python programming skills.
KW - Thermography
KW - Thermografie
KW - Wind energy
KW - Leading edge erosion
KW - KI
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615772
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2958
IS - e2958
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-61577
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vo, P. H.N.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Nguyen, H. T.M.
A1 - Hamilton, B. R.
A1 - Thai, P. K.
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Mueller, J. F.
T1 - µ-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fluorine K-edge µ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy for detection of PFAS distribution in the impacted concrete
N2 - An improved understanding of the distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in PFAS-impacted concrete is important for risk management and decontamination of PFAS. This study incorporates µ-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) and fluorine K-edge µ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) spectroscopy to gain non-destructive insights into PFAS distribution in the impacted concrete. The μ-XRF and μ-XANES spectroscopy provided additional details on the detection of PFAS, which were not detected by the desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging method conducted previously. The shorter chain PFAS were found on the top part of the concrete core (0.5 cm), and longer chain PFAS were mostly at the bottom part of the concrete core (5 cm). The inorganic fluorine fraction was also detected, and it likely hampered the detection of organic fluorine such as PFAS in the concrete. Thus, this non-destructive technique is an complementary approach to detect PFAS in contaminated concrete.
KW - Beton
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - XANES spectroscopy
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616711
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100134
SN - 2666-9110
VL - 5
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-61671
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lu, Xin
A1 - Krebber, Katerina
T1 - Suppression of Rayleigh fading induced errors in φOTDR by different pulse widths for improving the reliability of civil infrastructure monitoring
N2 - Rayleigh fading is a widely observed phenomenon in the many fields, such as wireless communication and optical imaging. It is also the main factor limiting the performance of the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (φOTDR). The low SNR at the fading points results in a large measurement error, severely affecting the reliability of civil infrastructure monitoring. The proposed method involves changing the pulse width during measurements to suppress the impact of fading. Experimental result shows that the number of fading points is greatly reduced by ∼ 96 % and the measurement error is reduced by more than 5 times. Unlike existing methods, this approach requires no hardware modifications, making it applicable to almost all current phase-based φOTDR systems. The versatility and effectiveness of this method make it an excellent candidate for infrastructure monitoring and related fields.
KW - Distributed fiber sensing
KW - Optical fiber sensing
KW - Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry
KW - Infrastructure monitoring
KW - Rayleigh fading
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614208
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111927
SN - 1879-2545
VL - 181
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-61420
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zweigle, J.
A1 - Schmidt, A.
A1 - Bugsel, B.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Simon, Fabian
A1 - Zwiener, C.
T1 - Perfluoroalkyl acid precursor or weakly fluorinated organic compound? A proof of concept for oxidative fractionation of PFAS and organofluorines
N2 - Organofluorine mass balance approaches are increasingly applied to investigate the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other organofluorines in environmental samples more comprehensively. Usually, complex samples prevent the identification and quantification of every fluorine-containing molecule. Consequently, large unidentified fractions between fluorine sum parameters such as extractable organic fluorine (EOF) and the sum of quantified analytes are frequently reported. We propose using oxidative conversion to separate (unidentified) weakly fluorinated compounds (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals) from PFAA-precursors (perfluoroalkyl chain lengths ≥ C6). We show with three organofluorine model substances (flufenamic acid, diflufenican, pantoprazole) that CF3-groups or aromatic fluorine can be quantitatively converted to inorganic fluoride and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) by applying PhotoTOP oxidation (UV/TiO2). The principle of fluorine separation in mixtures is demonstrated by the oxidation of the three weakly fluorinated compounds together with the PFAA-precursor 6:2/6:2 fluorotelomer mercaptoalkyl phosphate diester (FTMAP). After oxidation, the products F− and TFA were separated from PFCAs ( C4) by SPE, and the fractions were analyzed individually. Closed mass balances both with and without the addition of organic matrix were achieved. Eventually, the fluorine balance was verified by total fluorine measurements with combustion ion chromatography (CIC). The proposed methods should be considered a proof of concept to potentially explain unidentified fractions of the EOF, especially if compounds with low fluorine content such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and their transformation products contribute largely to the EOF. Future studies are needed to show the applicability to the complexity of environmental samples.
Graphical Abstract
KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613429
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05590-5
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-61342
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yagdjian, H.
A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien
A1 - Hirsch, Philipp Daniel
A1 - Gurka, M.
T1 - Optimization of thermal shock response spectrum as infrared thermography post-processing methodology using Latin hypercube sampling and analytical thermal N-layer model
N2 - In this work, we continue to develop and investigate the Thermal Shock Response Spectrum (TSRS) method as an alternative data processing method for infrared thermography (IRT). We focus on improving the current TSRS algorithm and present an optimization methodology for finding the optimal thermal Q-factor and characteristic frequency pair, which is based on the widely applied random sampling method. We show the qualitative relationship between the determined optimal characteristic frequency and the corresponding maximum difference in diffusion length between reference and defective models, as calculated by selecting a specific one-dimensional thermal N-layer model. The investigations were performed on an inhomogeneous plate made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) with artificial square defects at different depths. Furthermore, two different heat sources were used: a xenon flash lamp and a laser. These sources are not only distinct by their underlying physics but also generate inherently different pulse shapes. To quantitatively estimate the contrast between defect and non-defect areas, and to compare these results with commonly used infrared thermography (IRT) data postprocessing methods such as Pulse Phase Thermography (PPT) and Thermographic Signal Reconstruction (TSR), the Tanimoto criterion (TC) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were used.
KW - infrared thermography
KW - Composite materials
KW - TSRS optimization
KW - Defect identification
KW - Heat source shape
KW - N-layers model
KW - Latin Hypercube Sampling
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614283
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105582
SN - 1350-4495
VL - 143
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-61428
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bianchi, M.
A1 - Cascavilla, A.
A1 - Clavell Diaz, J.
A1 - Ladu, Luana
A1 - Palacino Blazquez, Barbara
A1 - Menger, Pierre
A1 - Staffieri, Eleonora
A1 - Yilan, Gülsah Yilan
T1 - Circular bioeconomy: A review of empirical practices across implementation scales
N2 - The European Commission has endorsed the transition to a circular bioeconomy as a crucial initiative to achieve a sustainable and climate-neutral European Union. However, this transition is inherently complex, as it involves environmental and social risks, physical limitations, and trade-offs between different dimensions of sustainability. In this context, effective monitoring and modelling of the bioeconomy are essential tools to inform decision-making at various implementation scales. This article reviews empirical research on the monitoring and modelling of the bioeconomy and their implications for decision-making across three main implementation scales: macro (national-global level); meso (regional-city level); and micro (single product, company level). The contribution of this research is twofold: First, it explores existing gaps in the field through the lens of policy implementation levels. Research gaps include the uneven distribution of indicators among sustainability pillars, the lack of standardised monitoring frameworks at the meso and micro levels, and attribution issues in bioeconomy modelling. Second, the article outlines a comprehensive research agenda, indicating specific research lines and their relevance to different implementation scales. Key research avenues, significant at all implementation scales, include enhancing the life cycle perspective, visualising trade-offs and synergies between Sustainable Development Goals, monetising externalities, and further delving into social aspects.
KW - Bioeconomy
KW - Circular Economy
KW - Sustainable Transition
KW - Bioeconomy Monitoring Framework
KW - Bioeconomy Indicators
KW - Life cycle management
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612357
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143816
VL - 477
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-61235
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - D'Agostino, Giancarlo
A1 - Oelze, Marcus
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
A1 - Ghestem, Jean-Philippe
A1 - Lafaurie, Nicolas
A1 - Klein, Ole
A1 - Pröfrock, Daniel
A1 - Di Luzio, Marco
A1 - Bergamaschi, Luigi
A1 - Jaćimović, Radojko
A1 - Oster, Caroline
A1 - Irrgeher, Johanna
A1 - Lancaster, Shaun T.
A1 - Walch, Anna
A1 - Röthke, Anita
A1 - Michaliszyn, Lena
A1 - Pramann, Axel
A1 - Rienitz, Olaf
A1 - Sara-Aho, Timo
A1 - Cankur, Oktay
A1 - Kutan, Derya
A1 - Noireaux, Johanna
T1 - Development and application of reference and routine analytical methods providing SI-traceable results for the determination of technology-critical elements in PCB from WEEE
N2 - The recovery and reprocessing of technology-critical elements (TCE) present in printed circuit boards (PCB) from electrical and electronic waste is essential both for recycling valuable materials subject to supply risk and for reducing the environmental impact. Although the quantitative knowledge of TCE amounts in endof- life PCB plays a key role, there are neither matrix certified reference materials nor harmonized analytical methods available to establish the traceability of the results to the International System of Units. To fill these gaps, we developed and applied five reference analytical methods based on ICP-MS standard addition calibrations and INAA k0- and relative calibrations suitable to certify reference materials. In addition, we developed and tested six analytical methods based on more commonly used ICP-MS external standard calibrations to provide industry with routine analysis methods. Twenty TCE (Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Dy, Ga, Gd, Ge, In, La, Li, Nd, Ni, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rh, Sm, Ta and Ti) were selected as target analytes and a batch of powdered PCB was used as measurement material. An overall mutual agreement was observed among data collected by reference methods at a few percent relative uncertainty levels. Moreover, all but one of the methods developed for routine analysis demonstrated their suitability in industrial applications by producing data within ± 20% of the values established with reference methods.
KW - Technology critical elements
KW - Electronic waste
KW - Printed circuit boards
KW - Traceability
KW - Uncertainty
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612416
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ja00235k
SN - 1364-5544
VL - 39
IS - 11
SP - 2809
EP - 2823
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-61241
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lancaster, Shaun T.
A1 - Sahlin, Eskil
A1 - Oelze, Marcus
A1 - Ostermann, Markus
A1 - Vogl, Jochen
A1 - Laperche, Valérie
A1 - Touze, Solène
A1 - Ghestem, Jean-Philippe
A1 - Dalencourt, Claire
A1 - Gendre, Régine
A1 - Stammeier, Jessica
A1 - Klein, Ole
A1 - Pröfrock, Daniel
A1 - Košarac, Gala
A1 - Jotanovic, Aida
A1 - Bergamaschi, Luigi
A1 - Di Luzio, Marco
A1 - D’Agostino, Giancarlo
A1 - Jaćimović, Radojko
A1 - Eberhard, Melissa
A1 - Feiner, Laura
A1 - Trimmel, Simone
A1 - Rachetti, Alessandra
A1 - Sara-Aho, Timo
A1 - Roethke, Anita
A1 - Michaliszyn, Lena
A1 - Pramann, Axel
A1 - Rienitz, Olaf
A1 - Irrgeher, Johanna
T1 - Evaluation of X-ray fluorescence for analysing critical elements in three electronic waste matrices: A comprehensive comparison of analytical techniques
N2 - As the drive towards recycling electronic waste increases, demand for rapid and reliable analytical methodology to analyse the metal content of the waste is increasing, e.g. to assess the value of the waste and to decide the correct recycling routes. Here, we comprehensively assess the suitability of different x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF)-based techniques as rapid analytical tools for the determination of critical raw materials, such as Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Pd and Au, in three electronic waste matrices: printed circuit boards (PCB), light emitting diodes (LED), and lithium (Li)-ion batteries. As validated reference methods and materials to establish metrological traceability are lacking, several laboratories measured test samples of each matrix using XRF as well as other independent complementary techniques (instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ICP optical emission spectrometry (OES)) as an inter-laboratory comparison (ILC). Results highlighted key aspects of sample preparation, limits of detection, and spectral interferences that affect the reliability of XRF, while additionally highlighting that XRF can provide more reliable data for certain elements compared to digestion-based approaches followed by ICP-MS analysis (e.g. group 4 and 5 metals). A clear distinction was observed in data processing methodologies for wavelength
dispersive XRF, highlighting that considering the metals present as elements (rather than oxides) induces overestimations of the mass fractions when compared to other techniques. Eventually, the effect of sample particle size was studied and indicated that smaller particle size (<200 μm) is essential for reliable determinations.
KW - XRF
KW - WEEE
KW - PCB
KW - Battery
KW - LED
KW - Recycling
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614060
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2024.10.015
VL - 190
SP - 496
EP - 505
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-61406
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lengas, Nikolaos
A1 - Müller, Karsten
A1 - Schlick‐Hasper, Eva
A1 - Neitsch, Marcel
A1 - Johann, Sergej
A1 - Zehn, Manfred W.
T1 - Drop Test Simulation of Packaging for Dangerous Goods: An Investigation of Appropriate Drop Height Adjustment in Case of Deviating Packaging Gross Mass
N2 - In the approval process of dangerous goods packagings, drop tests onto a flat, essentially unyielding surface are used to assess resistance against mechanical damage. International adopted regulations like ADR and RID define filling good dependent drop heights and filling degrees whilst the user needs to define the maximum gross mass to be tested and approved. Maximum packaging gross mass is defined conservatively and not reached in practice. To meet the defined gross mass in testing, using additives is permitted. However, in some cases, additives are not desirable due to packaging design or filling substance properties. This leads to deviations from the initial gross mass definition. Hence, a certain drop height adjustment is necessary to achieve the required impact loading. Laboratories frequently adjust drop height assuming a perfectly elastic collision that is inaccurate. Appropriate adjustment is not trivial due to energy conversion processes, for example, plastic deformation. In this work, a test stand
KW - Corrugated fibreboard box
KW - Dangerous goods packagings
KW - Drop test
KW - Impact target
KW - Mechanical response
KW - Structural dynamics
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614138
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2858
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-61413
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cios, G.
A1 - Winkelmann, A.
A1 - Nolze, Gert
A1 - Tokarski, T.
A1 - Jany, B. R.
A1 - Bala, P.
T1 - EBSD and TKD analyses using inverted contrast Kikuchi diffraction patterns and alternative measurement geometries
N2 - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns can exhibit Kikuchi bands with inverted contrast due to anomalous absorption. This can be observed, for example, on samples with nanoscale topography, in case of a low tilt backscattering geometry, or for transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) on thicker samples. Three examples are discussed where contrast-inverted physics-based simulated master patterns have been applied to find the correct crystal orientation. As first EBSD example, self-assembled gold nanostructures made of Au fcc and Au hcp phases on single-crystal germanium were investigated. Gold covered about 12% of the mapped area, with only two thirds being successfully interpreted using standard Hough-based indexing. The remaining third was solved by brute force indexing using a contrast-inverted master pattern. The second EBSD example deals with maps collected at a non-tilted surface instead of the commonly used 70◦ tilted one. As TKD example, a jet-polished foil made of duplex stainless steel 2205 was examined. The thin part close to the hole edge producing normal-contrast patterns were standard indexed. The areas of the foil that become thicker with increasing distance from the edge of the hole produce contrast-inverted patterns. They covered three times the evaluable area and were successfully processed using the contrast-inverted master pattern. In the last example, inverted patterns collected at a non-tiled sample were mathematically inverted to normal contrast, and Hough/Radon-based indexing was successfully applied.
KW - EBSD
KW - TKD
KW - Contrast inversion
KW - Topography
KW - Kikuchi diffraction
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613862
VL - 267
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-61386
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weichert, Dorina
A1 - Kister, Alexander
A1 - Houben, Sebastian
A1 - Link, Patrick
A1 - Ernis, Gunar
ED - Kiyavash, Negar
ED - Mooij, Joris M.
T1 - Robust Entropy Search for Safe Efficient Bayesian Optimization
N2 - The practical use of Bayesian Optimization (BO) in engineering applications imposes special requirements: high sampling efficiency on the one hand and finding a robust solution on the other hand. We address the case of adversarial robustness, where all parameters are controllable during the optimization process, but a subset of them is uncontrollable or even adversely perturbed at the time of application. To this end, we develop an efficient information-based acquisition function that we call Robust Entropy Search (RES). We empirically demonstrate its benefits in experiments on synthetic and real-life data. The results show that RES reliably finds robust optima, outperforming state-of-the-art algorithms.
T2 - UAI 2024
CY - Barcelona, Spain
DA - 15.07.2024
KW - Bayesian Optimization
KW - Gaussian process
KW - Active learning
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613523
UR - https://proceedings.mlr.press/v244/weichert24a.html
SN - 2640-3498
VL - 244
SP - 3711
EP - 3729
PB - Proceedings of Machine Learning Research
AN - OPUS4-61352
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kader, A.
A1 - Snellings, J.
A1 - Adams, L. C.
A1 - Gottheil, P.
A1 - Mangarova, D. B.
A1 - Heyl, J. L.
A1 - Kaufmann, Jan Ole
A1 - Moeckel, J.
A1 - Brangsch, J.
A1 - Auer, T. A.
A1 - Collettini, F.
A1 - Sauer, F.
A1 - Hamm, B.
A1 - Käs, J.
A1 - Sack, I.
A1 - Makowski, M. R.
A1 - Braun, J.
T1 - Sensitivity of magnetic resonance elastography to extracellular matrix and cell motility in human prostate cancer cell line-derived xenograft models
N2 - Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health problem in the male population of the Western world. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), an emerging medical imaging technique sensitive to mechanical properties of biological tissues, detects PCa based on abnormally high stiffness and viscosity values. Yet, the origin of these changes in tissue properties and how they correlate with histopathological markers and tumor aggressiveness are largely unknown, hindering the use of tumor biomechanical properties for establishing a noninvasive PCa staging system.
To infer the contributions of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cell motility, we investigated fresh tissue specimens from two PCa xenograft mouse models, PC3 and LNCaP, using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), quantitative histology, and nuclear shape analysis. Increased tumor stiffness and impaired water diffusion were observed to be associated with collagen and elastin accumulation and decreased cell motility. Overall, LNCaP, while more representative of clinical PCa than PC3, accumulated fewer ECM components, induced less restriction of water diffusion, and exhibited increased cell motility, resulting in overall softer and less viscous properties. Taken together, our results suggest that prostate tumor stiffness increases with ECM accumulation and cell adhesion - characteristics that influence critical biological processes of cancer development.
MRE paired with DWI provides a powerful set of imaging markers that can potentially predict prostate tumor development from benign masses to aggressive malignancies in patients. Statement of significance: Xenograft models of human prostate tumor cell lines, allowing correlation of microstructure-sensitive biophysical imaging parameters with quantitative histological methods, can be investigated to identify hallmarks of cancer.
KW - Magnetic resonance elastography
KW - Quantitative histology
KW - Prostate cancer
KW - Stiffness
KW - Fluidity
KW - Apparent diffusion coefficient
KW - Collagen
KW - Elastin
KW - Nuclear shape
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618361
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213884
SN - 2772-9508
VL - 161
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-61836
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schilling, Markus
A1 - Bruns, Sebastian
A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd
A1 - Kryeziu, Jehona
A1 - Schaarschmidt, Jörg
A1 - Waitelonis, Jörg
A1 - Dolabella Portella, Pedro
A1 - Durst, Karsten
T1 - Seamless Science: Lifting Experimental Mechanical Testing Lab Data to an Interoperable Semantic Representation
N2 - The scientific landscape is undergoing rapid transformations with the advent of the digital age which revolutionizes research methodologies. In materials science and engineering, an adoption of modern data management techniques is desirable to maximize the efficiency and accessibility of research efforts. Traditional practices in testing laboratories are usually inadequate for efficient data acquisition and utilization as they lead to local storage and difficulty in publication and correlation with other results. Electronic laboratory notebooks (ELNs) are promising prospects in this respect. Semantic concepts and ontologies enhance interoperability by standardizing experimental data representation. An in‐laboratory pipeline seamlessly integrating an ELN with transformation scripts to convert experimental into interoperable data in a machine‐actionable format is created in this study as a proof of concept. Tensile test results and the corresponding tensile test ontology are used exemplary. Linking ELN data to semantic concepts enriches the stored information while improving interpretability and reusability. Involving undergraduate students builds a bridge between theory and practice during their training and promotes their digital skills. This study underscores the potential of ELNs and knowledge representations as beneficial means toward improved data management practices that enhance collaborative research and education while ensuring compatibility with evolving standards and technologies.
KW - Semantic Data
KW - Data Integration
KW - Tensile Test Ontology
KW - Electronic Lab Notebook
KW - Wissensrepräsentation
KW - Education
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618251
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401527
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-61825
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bosc-Bierne, Gaby
A1 - Ewald, Shireen
A1 - Kreuzer, Oliver J.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Efficient Quality Control of Peptide Pools by UHPLC and Simultaneous UV and HRMS Detection
N2 - Peptide pools consist of short amino acid sequences and have proven to be versatile tools in various research areas in immunology and clinical applications. They are commercially available in many different compositions and variants. However, unlike other reagents that consist of only one or a few compounds, peptide pools are highly complex products which makes their quality control a major challenge. Quantitative peptide analysis usually requires sophisticated methods, in most cases isotope-labeled standards and reference materials. Usually, this would be prohibitively laborious and expensive. Therefore, an approach is needed to provide a practical and feasible method for quality control of peptide pools. With insufficient quality control, the use of such products could lead to incorrect experimental results, worsening the well-known reproducibility crisis in the biomedical sciences. Here we propose the use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with two detectors, a standard UV detector at 214 nm for quantitative analysis and a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) for identity confirmation. To be cost-efficient and fast, quantification and identification are performed in one chromatographic run. An optimized protocol is shown, and different peak integration methods are compared and discussed. This work was performed using a peptide pool known as CEF advanced, which consists of 32 peptides derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and influenza virus, ranging from 8 to 12 amino acids in length.
N2 - Peptidpools bestehen aus kurzen Aminosäuresequenzen und haben sich als vielseitige Werkzeuge in verschiedenen Forschungsbereichen der Immunologie und bei klinischen Anwendungen erwiesen. Sie sind in vielen verschiedenen Zusammensetzungen und Varianten im Handel erhältlich. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Reagenzien, die nur aus einer oder wenigen Verbindungen bestehen, sind Peptidpools jedoch hochkomplexe Produkte, was ihre Qualitätskontrolle zu einer großen Herausforderung macht. Die quantitative Peptidanalyse erfordert in der Regel ausgefeilte Methoden, in den meisten Fällen isotopenmarkierte Standards und Referenzmaterialien. Dies ist in der Regel sehr aufwändig und teuer. Daher wird ein Ansatz benötigt, der eine praktische und praktikable Methode zur Qualitätskontrolle von Peptidpools bietet. Bei unzureichender Qualitätskontrolle könnte die Verwendung solcher Produkte zu falschen Versuchsergebnissen führen, was das bekannte Problem der Reproduzierbarkeit in den biomedizinischen Wissenschaften noch verschärfen würde. Hier schlagen wir die Verwendung der Ultrahochleistungs-Flüssigkeitschromatographie (UHPLC) mit zwei Detektoren vor, einem Standard-UV-Detektor bei 214 nm für die quantitative Analyse und einem hochauflösenden Massenspektrometer (HRMS) für die Identitätsbestätigung. Um kosteneffizient und schnell zu sein, werden Quantifizierung und Identifizierung in einem einzigen chromatographischen Lauf durchgeführt. Es wird ein optimiertes Protokoll gezeigt, und es werden verschiedene Peak-Integrationsmethoden verglichen und diskutiert. Für diese Arbeit wurde ein Peptidpool verwendet, der als CEF advanced bekannt ist und aus 32 Peptiden besteht, die vom Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) und Influenzavirus stammen und zwischen 8 und 12 Aminosäuren lang sind.
KW - Synthetic peptides
KW - Quality control
KW - Impurites
KW - Byproducts
KW - Degradation
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Orbitrap
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602299
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11050156
SN - 2297-8739
VL - 11
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-60229
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gregório, Bruno J.R.
A1 - Ramos, Inês I.
A1 - Marques, Sara S.
A1 - Barreiros, Luísa
A1 - Magalhães, Luís M.
A1 - Schneider, Rudolf
A1 - Segundo, Marcela A.
T1 - Microcarrier-based fluorescent yeast estrogen screen assay for fast determination of endocrine disrupting compounds
N2 - The presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in water poses a significant threat to human and animal health, as recognized by regulatory agencies throughout the world. The Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay is an excellent method to evaluate the presence of these compounds in water due to its simplicity and capacity to assess the bioaccessible forms/fractions of these compounds. In the presence of a compound with estrogenic activity, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, containing a lacZ reporter gene encoding the enzyme β-galactosidase, are induced, the enzyme is synthesised, and released to the extracellular medium. In this work, a YES-based approach encompassing the use of a lacZ reporter gene modified strain of S. cerevisiae, microcarriers as solid support, and a fluorescent substrate, fluorescein di-β-D-galactopyranoside, is proposed, allowing for the assessment of EDCs’ presence after only 2 h of incubation. The proposed method provided an EC50 of 0.17 ± 0.03 nM and an LLOQ of 0.03 nM, expressed as 17β-estradiol. The assessment of different EDCs provided EC50 values between 0.16 and 1.2 × 103 nM. After application to wastewaters, similar results were obtained for EDCs screening, much faster, compared to the conventional 45 h spectrophotometric procedure using a commercial kit, showing potential for onsite high-throughput screening of environmental contamination.
KW - Biosensoren
KW - YES assay
KW - Endokrine Disruptoren
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602315
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125665
VL - 271
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Elsevier B.V.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-60231
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Braymer, Joseph J.
A1 - Stehling, Oliver
A1 - Stümpfig, Martin
A1 - Rösser, Ralf
A1 - Spantgar, Farah
A1 - Blinn, Catharina M.
A1 - Mühlenhoff, Ulrich
A1 - Pierik, Antonio J.
A1 - Lill, Roland
T1 - Requirements for the biogenesis of [2Fe-2S] proteins in the human and yeast cytosol
N2 - The biogenesis of iron–sulfur (Fe/S) proteins entails the synthesis and trafficking of Fe/S clusters, followed by their insertion into target apoproteins. In eukaryotes, the multiple steps of biogenesis are accomplished by complex protein machineries in both mitochondria and cytosol. The underlying biochemical pathways have been elucidated over the past decades, yet the mechanisms of cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein assembly have remained ill-defined. Similarly, the precise site of glutathione (GSH) requirement in cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S protein biogenesis is unclear, as is the molecular role of the GSH-dependent cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (cGrxs). Here, we investigated these questions in human and yeast cells by various in vivo approaches. [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly of cytosolic target apoproteins required the mitochondrial ISC machinery, the mitochondrial transporter Atm1/ABCB7 and GSH, yet occurred independently of both the CIA system and cGrxs. This mechanism was strikingly different from the ISC-, Atm1/ABCB7-, GSH-, and CIA-dependent assembly of cytosolic–nuclear [4Fe-4S] proteins. One notable exception to this cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation pathway defined here was yeast Apd1 which used the CIA system via binding to the CIA targeting complex through its C-terminal tryptophan. cGrxs, although attributed as [2Fe-2S] cluster chaperones or trafficking proteins, were not essential in vivo for delivering [2Fe-2S] clusters to either CIA components or target apoproteins. Finally, the most critical GSH requirement was assigned to Atm1-dependent export, i.e. a step before GSH-dependent cGrxs function. Our findings extend the general model of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis by adding the molecular requirements for cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation.
KW - Biokorrosion
KW - Hydrogenasen
KW - Microbially Induced Corrosion
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602328
DO - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400740121
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 121
IS - 21
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
CY - Washington D.C.
AN - OPUS4-60232
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tabaka, Weronika
A1 - Meinel, Dietmar
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
T1 - Sacrifice Few to Save Many: Fire Protective Interlayers in Carbon- Fiber-Reinforced Laminates
N2 - The fire protection of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates often relies on flame-retardant coatings, but in some applications, their efficacy may diminish upon direct fire exposure due to rapid pyrolysis. This study introduces an innovative approach by integrating protective interlayers within the laminate structure to enhance the fire resistance. Various materials, including ceramic composite WHIPOX, titanium foil, poly(etherimide) (PEI) foil, basalt fibers, rubber mat, and hemp fibers, were selected as protective interlayers. These interlayers were strategically placed within the laminate layout to form a sacrificial barrier, safeguarding the integrity of the composite. Bench-scale fire resistance tests were conducted, where fire (180 kW/m2) was applied directly to the one side of the specimen by a burner while a compressive load was applied at the same time. Results indicate significant prolongation of time to failure for CFRP laminates with protective interlayers, which is up to 10 times longer. This innovative approach represents a potential advance in fire protection strategies for CFRP laminates, offering improved resilience against fire-induced structural failure.
KW - Composites in fire
KW - Fire resistance
KW - Fire retardant interlayers
KW - Laminate design
KW - Carbon fibre reinforced
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601943
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c01408
SN - 2470-1343
VL - 9
IS - 22
SP - 23703
EP - 23712
PB - ACS
AN - OPUS4-60194
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dace, Elina
A1 - Cascavilla, Alessandro
A1 - Bianchi, Marco
A1 - Chioatto, Elisa
A1 - Zecca, Emy
A1 - Ladu, Luana
A1 - Yilan, Gülsah
T1 - Barriers to transitioning to a circular bio-based economy: Findings from an industrial perspective
N2 - The transition from a linear fossil-based to a circular bio-based economy represents an opportunity and a suitable pathway for achieving several sustainable development goals. However, the transition is a complex process since it requires transformative policies, purposeful innovation, access to finance, risk-taking capacity as well as new and sustainable business models and markets. Accordingly, the first step in this transition process is the identification of barriers that are hampering the transition to a sustainable circular bio-based economy. With this motivation in mind, this study reviews grey literature to identify barriers focusing on four critical sectors facing major challenges within the current linear economy and requiring a sustainable transition most urgently: construction, chemicals, plastics, and textile sectors. Employing an adapted STEEP methodology (Social, Technological, Economical, Environmental, Political), a total of 193 different barriers have been identified and clustered under six categories: cultural, technical, economic, environmental, governance, and structural. Regardless of the sector, cultural and structural barriers are identified as the most prominent; the lack of incentives for consumer behaviour change and lack of stakeholder collaboration were the most cited barriers among the literature records. From a value chain perspective, most of the barriers are related to the material processing and product manufacturing stage. Finally, potential solutions, extracted from the grey literature, are proposed to fill the gaps and overcome the identified barriers. Many of the identified barriers are common across the four investigated sectors, indicating the solutions or measures can be applicable in a wider perspective to promote the transition in the right direction.
KW - Circular Bio-based Economy
KW - Barriers
KW - Sustainability
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602062
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2024.05.029
VL - 48
SP - 407
EP - 418
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-60206
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Albakri, Bashar
A1 - Turski Silva Diniz, Analice
A1 - Benner, Philipp
A1 - Muth, Thilo
A1 - Nakajima, Shinichi
A1 - Favaro, Marco
A1 - Kister, Alexander
ED - Hillman, Robert
T1 - Machine learning-assisted equivalent circuit identification for dielectric spectroscopy of polymers
N2 - Polymers have become indispensable across fields of application, and understanding their structure–property relationships and dynamic behaviour is essential for performance optimization. Polymer membranes, particularly ion exchange membranes, play a crucial role in renewable energy conversion technologies, fuel cells, solar energy conversion, and energy storage. In this context, broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) offers a powerful, non-destructive approach to investigate the electrical response and relaxation dynamics of polymers. These properties are investigated by parametrizing the system’s impedance response in terms of a network of circuit elements, i.e. the electrical equivalent circuit (EEC), whose impedance resembles the one of the system under investigation. However, the determination of the EEC from BDS data is challenging due to system complexity, interdependencies of circuit elements, and researcher biases. In this work, we propose a novel approach that incorporates a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to predict the EEC topology. By reducing user bias and enhancing data analysis, this approach aims to make BDS accessible to both experienced users and those with limited expertise. We show that the combination of machine learning and BDS provides valuable insights into the dynamic behaviour of polymer membranes, thus facilitating the design and characterization of tailored polymers for various applications. We also show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art machine learning methods with a top-5 accuracy of around 80% for predicting the circuit topology and a parameter fitting error as low as 0.05%.
KW - Polymer membranes
KW - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
KW - Broadband dielectric spectroscopy
KW - Deep learning
KW - Machine learning
KW - Equivalent circuit
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602138
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144474
SN - 0013-4686
VL - 496
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-60213
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Groschke, Matthias
A1 - Becker, Roland
T1 - Comparison of carrier gases for the separation and quantification of mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) fractions using online coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection
N2 - On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (HPLC-GC-FID) was used to compare the effect of hydrogen, helium and nitrogen as carrier gases on the chromatographic characteristics for the quantification of mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) traces in food related matrices. After optimisation of chromatographic parameters nitrogen carrier gas exhibited characteristics equivalent to hydrogen and helium regarding requirements set by current guidelines and standardisation such as linear range, quantification limit and carry over. Though nitrogen expectedly led to greater peak widths, all required separations of standard compounds were sufficient and humps of saturated mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOAH) were appropriate to enable quantitation similar to situations where hydrogen or helium had been used. Slightly increased peak widths of individual hump components did not affect shapes and widths of the MOSH and MOAH humps were not significantly affected by the use of nitrogen as carrier gas. Notably, nitrogen carrier gas led to less solvent peak tailing and smaller baseline offset. Overall, nitrogen may be regarded as viable alternative to hydrogen or helium and may even extend the range of quantifiable compounds to highly volatile hydrocarbon eluting directly after the solvent peak.
KW - Mineral oil hydrocarobons
KW - Food
KW - Liquid chromatography
KW - Gas chromatography
KW - MOSH/MOAH
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601450
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464946
SN - 0021-9673
VL - 1726
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-60145
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schepers, Winfried
A1 - Kulke, D.
T1 - Cone penetration tests and dynamic soil properties
N2 - ISO 14837-32:2015 and DIN EN 1998-1/NA:2021 as well as prEN 1997-2:2022 allow for us-ing correlations between the results of in-situ soil penetration tests and shear wave velocity (or shear modulus) to determine soil properties to be used in dynamic analyses. While the ISO and prEN standards even provide some recommendations on specific correlations to be used, the DIN standard does not. Due to the statistical nature of such correlations their general applica-bility has to be verified. We collected data sets from test sites from Germany as well as New Zealand at which cone penetration tests (CPT) as well as seismic site investigation methods were conducted. These sites comprise sandy soils as well as clayey soils, mixed soils as well as glacial soils. We compare the results of several correlations between CPT results and shear wave velocity. The accuracy of such correlations is assessed with respect to the accuracy of seismic in-situ tests. It turns out that for clean sands such correlations between CPT and Vs have a similar order of variability as seismic in-situ tests conducted at the same site. The higher the fines portion of the soil, the higher the variability of the statistical correlations, and conse-quently the less the general applicability. For glacial soils and other special soil types usage of statistical correlations to determine dynamic soil properties is not recommended.
T2 - XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics
CY - Delft, Netherlands
DA - 02.07.2023
KW - Wave propagation
KW - Soil properties
KW - Dynamic excitation
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604887
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/25/252005
VL - 2647
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - IOP Publishing
CY - Bristol
AN - OPUS4-60488
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schepers, Winfried
A1 - Brinkgreve, RBJ
A1 - Appel, S.
T1 - Recommendations on finite element modelling of non-seismic excitation in soil-structure interaction problems
N2 - Nowadays geotechnical engineering firms have powerful software tools to extent their consult-ing business also into dynamic soil-structure interaction, which before has been restricted to a rather small community of specialized experts in this field, and they certainly do. This is par-ticularly true with respect to non-seismic sources, that is all kinds of human induced vibrations. Hence, there is a demand from clients as well as from contractors to have guidance on the re-quirements as well as the limits of numerical modelling of soil-structure interaction. From the literature as well as from relevant standards, recommendations for the numerical modelling of soil-structure interaction problems involving seismic actions are well known, e. g. ASCE/SEI 4-16. There are, however, some particularities when dealing with human-induced vibrations, which are absent in seismic analyses. For human-induced excitations very little specific guid-ance has been published in the past. A machine foundation on a homogeneous half space ex-cited by harmonic loads with excitation frequency between 4 Hz and 64 Hz has been ana-lysed by means of several commercially available software packages. Parametric studies have been performed to verify if recommendations for seismic soil-structure analyses are valid for non-seismic analyses as well. This paper provides details on the benchmark example and the most important conclusions from the undertaken parametric studies.
T2 - XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics
CY - Delft, Netherlands
DA - 02.07.2023
KW - Numerische Analysen
KW - Referenzbeispiel
KW - Maschinenfundament
KW - Wellenausbreitung
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604931
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/8/082014
SN - 1742-6596
VL - 2647
IS - 25
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - IOP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-60493
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Li, Guiping
A1 - Liu, Ye
A1 - Schultz, Thorsten
A1 - Exner, Moritz
A1 - Muydinov, Ruslan
A1 - Wang, Hui
A1 - Scheurell, Kerstin
A1 - Huang, Jieyang
A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina
A1 - Pinna, Nicola
A1 - Koch, Norbert
A1 - Adelhelm, Philipp
A1 - Bojdys, Michael J.
T1 - One‐Pot Synthesis of High‐Capacity Sulfur Cathodes via In‐Situ Polymerization of a Porous Imine‐Based Polymer
N2 - AbstractLithium‐ion batteries, essential for electronics and electric vehicles, predominantly use cathodes made from critical materials like cobalt. Sulfur‐based cathodes, offering a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g−1 and environmental advantages due to sulfur's abundance and lower toxicity, present a more sustainable alternative. However, state‐of‐the‐art sulfur‐based electrodes do not reach the theoretical capacities, mainly because conventional electrode production relies on mixing of components into weakly coordinated slurries. Consequently, sulfur‘s mobility leads to battery degradation—an effect known as the “sulfur‐shuttle”. This study introduces a solution by developing a microporous, covalently‐bonded, imine‐based polymer network grown in situ around sulfur particles on the current collector. The polymer network (i) enables selective transport of electrolyte and Li‐ions through pores of defined size, and (ii) acts as a robust host to retain the active component of the electrode (sulfur species). The resulting cathode has superior rate performance from 0.1 C (1360 mAh g−1) to 3 C (807 mAh g−1). Demonstrating a high‐performance, sustainable sulfur cathode produced via a simple one‐pot process, our research underlines the potential of microporous polymers in addressing sulfur diffusion issues, paving the way for sulfur electrodes as viable alternatives to traditional metal‐based cathodes.
KW - In-situ polymerization
KW - Sulfur cathodes
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604215
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202400382
SN - 1433-7851
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-60421
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Häßler, Dustin
A1 - Mund, Maximilian
A1 - Daus, Lars-Hendrik
A1 - Hothan, Sascha
A1 - Schaumann, Peter
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
T1 - Durability of intumescent coatings and recommendations for test concepts for a working life of more than 10 years
N2 - It is an essential requirement for all building products to ensure durability of their fire safety. Throughout the working life of products, intumescent coatings are aged by certain climatic factors. To predict a lifetime of several years, generally the behaviour of the intumescent coating is extrapolated based on accelerated artificial ageing. The established German and European procedures to assess the durability assume a working life of at least 10 years. For a longer period, additional evidence is required; yet the procedure and the specifications to justify this are not described. In addition to addressing this formal lack, from a scientific point of view it is necessary to investigate the degradation of intumescent coatings in detail and to propose a reliable test concept to assess durability for more than 10 years. This paper summarises the existing knowledge about the ageing of intumescent coatings. The results of various demanding weathering approaches are presented for two intumescent coatings tested in a joint research project. Moreover, formulations with a reduced amount of functionally relevant components were analysed to gain insight into the associated effects. Derived from these research results and knowledge, recommendations are proposed to assess the durability of intumescent coatings for more than 10 years based on a combination of verifications.
KW - Ageing
KW - Fire protection
KW - Intumescent coating
KW - Steel construction
KW - Working life
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603852
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104173
SN - 0379-7112
VL - 146
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-60385
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hirsch, Philipp Daniel
A1 - Kunji Purayil, Sruthi Krishna
A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien
A1 - Hassenstein, Christian
A1 - Ziegler, Mathias
T1 - Robotergestützte 3D-Scans und Laserthermografie zur Prüfung an komplexen Bauteilen auf Risse
N2 - Die Integration von Automation und Robotik in die Prüfprozesse ermöglicht die
Untersuchung komplexer Bauteile. Diese Studie präsentiert die robotergestützte
Laserthermografie, um Risse in solchen Bauteilen zu identifizieren und analysieren. Diese Technik ermöglicht die automatisierte Rissprüfung welche im Vergleich zur Farbeindringprüfung auf viele, meist manuelle, Arbeitsschritte sowie die notwendigen Chemikalien verzichtet.
Zusätzlich wird ein automatisiertes Einscannen der Bauteile mithilfe eines
Linienscanners vorgestellt. Dieser Schritt ermöglicht eine detaillierte 3D-Rekonstruktion der Bauteilgeometrie und ermöglicht eine einfache Korrektur von Abweichungen in der Bauteilaufnahme und eröffnet Möglichkeiten zur adaptiven Bahnplanung bei Bauteilverformungen.
Die Rückprojektion der gefundenen Risse auf die Oberfläche des Bauteils kann
automatisiert erfolgen. Dieser Schritt erlaubt nicht nur die Identifikation der Risse, sondern auch eine genauere Analyse ihrer Geometrie und Lage am Bauteil.
Die Kombination von robotergestützter Laserthermografie, automatisiertem 3DScanning und Rückprojektion der Risse auf die Bauteiloberfläche eröffnet neue
Möglichkeiten in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von komplexen Bauteilen und erweitert damit mögliche Anwendungsfelder.
T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 06.05.2024
KW - ZFP4.0
KW - Automatisierung
KW - Thermografie
KW - Laser
KW - Roboter
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604811
UR - https://www.ndt.net/?id=29520
VL - 182
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - NDT.net
AN - OPUS4-60481
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maulas, Kryzzyl M.
A1 - Paredes, Charla S.
A1 - Tabelin, Carlito Baltazar
A1 - Jose, Mark Anthony
A1 - Opiso, Einstine M.
A1 - Arima, Takahiko
A1 - Park, Ilhwan
A1 - Mufalo, Walubita
A1 - Ito, Mayumi
A1 - Igarashi, Toshifumi
A1 - Phengsaart, Theerayut
A1 - Villas, Edrhea
A1 - Dagondon, Sheila L.
A1 - Metillo, Ephrime B.
A1 - Uy, Mylene M.
A1 - Manua, Al James A.
A1 - Villacorte-Tabelin, Mylah
T1 - Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Ureolytic Bacteria from Mindanao, Philippines: Prospects for Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP)
N2 - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), a widespread phenomenon in nature, is gaining attention as a low-carbon alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in geotechnical engineering and the construction industry for sustainable development. In the Philippines, however, very few works have been conducted to isolate and identify indigenous, urease-producing (ureolytic) bacteria suitable for MICP. In this study, we isolated seven, ureolytic and potentially useful bacteria for MICP from marine sediments in Iligan City. DNA barcoding using 16s rDNA identified six of them as Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Stutzerimonas stutzeri but the seventh was not identified since it was a bacterial consortium. Bio-cementation assay experiments showed negligible precipitation in the control (without bacteria) at pH 7, 8, and 9. However, precipitates were formed in all seven bacterial isolates, especially between pH 7 and 8 (0.7–4 g). Among the six identified bacterial species, more extensive precipitation (2.3–4 g) and higher final pH were observed in S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai, which indicate better urease production and decomposition, higher CO2 generation, and more favorable CaCO3 formation. Characterization of the precipitates by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the formation of three carbonate minerals: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Based on these results, all six identified indigenous, ureolytic bacterial species from Iligan City are suitable for MICP provided that the pH is controlled between 7 and 8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the urease-producing ability and potential for MICP of P. stutzeri, P. pseudoalcaligenes, S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai.
KW - Calcium carbonate
KW - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)
KW - Ureolytic bacteria
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600888
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040339
VL - 14
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-60088
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Casperson, Ralf
A1 - Friedrich, Alexander
A1 - Heckel, Thomas
A1 - Zhang, Tianyun
T1 - Verwendung von DICONDE bei der Eisenbahn-Schienenprüfung
N2 - Bei der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung verlegter Eisenbahnschienen werden die Rohdaten derzeit in proprietären Datenformaten gespeichert und auf Datenträgern zwischen den Prüfzügen und den auswertenden Stellen versendet. Die proprietären Datenformate sind in der Regel nur den Herstellern der Prüfsysteme bekannt und deren Dokumentation nicht allgemein zugänglich.
Die „Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation“ (DICONDE), basierend auf dem medizinischen Standard „Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine“ (DICOM), ermöglicht es, sowohl Prüfdaten als auch Prüfergebnisse und Streckeninformationen in einem standardisierten Format zu speichern und zwischen verschiedenen Endpunkten zu übertragen.
Das Poster gibt zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über die hierarchische Struktur von DICONDE und zeigt dann, wie DICONDE bei der Prüfung verlegter Eisenbahnschienen verwendet werden kann. Die geometrischen Besonderheiten (mehrere Kilometer Länge pro Prüffahrt, kurviger Streckenverlauf) stellen dabei eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Im Rahmen des mFUND-geförderten Projektes „Arteficial Intelligence for Railway Inspection (AIFRI)“, Förderkennzeichen 19FS2014C, wurde ein Vorschlag für eine Erweiterung des DICONDE-Standards für die Schienenprüfung erarbeitet und bei der ASTM eingereicht.
T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - DICONDE
KW - Eisenbahn
KW - Schienenprüfung
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600204
DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29500
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - NDT.net
AN - OPUS4-60020
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Poka, Konstantin
A1 - Ali, Sozol
A1 - Saeed, Waleed
A1 - Merz, Benjamin
A1 - Epperlein, Martin
A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai
T1 - Design and implementation of a machine log for PBF-LB/M on basis of IoT communication architectures and an ETL pipeline
N2 - AbstractPowder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam of Metals (PBF-LB/M) has gained more industrial relevance and already demonstrated applications at a small series scale. However, its widespread adoption in various use cases faces challenges due to the absence of interfaces to established Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) that support customers in the predominantly data-driven quality assurance. Current state-of-the-art PBF-LB/M machines utilize communication architectures, such as OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA), Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API). In the context of the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and the Internet of Things (IoT), the assets, particularly the physical PBF-LB/M machines, already have an integration layer implemented to communicate data such as process states or sensor values. Missing is an MES component acting as a communication and information layer. To address this gap, the proposed Extract Transform Load (ETL) pipeline aims to extract relevant data from the fabrication of each build cycle down to the level of scan vectors and additionally to register process signals. The suggested data schema for archiving each build cycle adheres to all terms defined by ISO/TC 261—Additive Manufacturing (AM). In relation to the measurement frequency, all data are reorganized into entities, such as the AM machine, build cycle, part, layer, and scan vector. These scan vectors are stored in a runtime-independent format, including all metadata, to be valid and traceable. The resulting machine log represents a comprehensive documentation of each build cycle, enabling data-driven quality assurance at process level.
KW - FAIR data
KW - Data-driven quality assurance
KW - Laser powder bed fusion
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601256
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-024-00660-7
SN - 2363-9512
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-60125
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schlögl, Johanna
A1 - Goldammer, Ole
A1 - Bader, Julia
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Riedel, Sebastian
T1 - Introducing AFS ([Al(SO3F)3]x) – a thermally stable, readily available, and catalytically active solid Lewis superacid
N2 - This paper introduces the thermally stable, solid Lewis superacid aluminium tris(fluorosulfate) (AFS), that is easy-to-synthesize from commercially available starting materials. Its applicability, e.g. in catalytic C–F bond activations, is shown.
KW - Lewis Acid
KW - C-F activation
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601001
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC01753F
SN - 2041-6520
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-60100
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Stephan
A1 - Hoffmann, Holger
A1 - Garbe, Leif-Alexander
A1 - Harrer, Andrea
A1 - Steiner, Markus
A1 - Himly, Martin
A1 - Schneider, Rudolf
T1 - Re-assessment of monoclonal antibodies against diclofenac for their application in the analysis of environmental waters
N2 - The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac (DCF) is an important environmental contaminant occurring in surface waters all over the world, because, after excretion, it is not adequately removed from wastewater in sewage treatment plants. To be able to monitor this pollutant, highly efficient analytical methods are needed, including immunoassays. In a medical research project, monoclonal antibodies against diclofenac and its metabolites had been produced. Based on this monoclonal anti-DCF antibody, a new indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and applied for environmental samples. The introduction of a spacer between diclofenac and the carrier protein in the coating conjugate led to higher sensitivity. With a test midpoint of 3 mg L−1 and a measurement range of 1–30 mg L−1, the system is not sensitive enough for direct analysis of surface water. However, this assay is quite robust against matrix influences and can be used for wastewater. Without adjustment of the calibration, organic solvents up to 5%, natural organic matter (NOM) up to 10 mg L−1, humic acids up to 2.5 mg L−1, and salt concentrations up to 6 g L−1 NaCl and 75 mg L−1 CaCl2 are tolerated. The antibody is also stable in a pH range from 3 to 12. Cross-reactivity (CR) of 1% or less was determined for the metabolites 40-hydroxydiclofenac (40-OH-DCF), 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DCF), DCF lactam, and other NSAIDs. Relevant cross-reactivity occurred only with an amide derivative of DCF, 6-aminohexanoic acid (DCF-Ahx), aceclofenac (ACF) and DCF methyl ester (DCF-Me) with 150%, 61% and 44%, respectively. These substances, however, have not been found in samples. Only DCF-acyl glucuronide with a cross-reactivity of 57% is of some relevance. For the first time, photodegradation products were tested for cross-reactivity. With the ELISA based on this antibody, water samples were analysed. In sewage treatment plant effluents, concentrations in the range of 1.9–5.2 mg L−1 were determined directly, with recoveries compared to HPLC-MS/MS averaging 136%.
Concentrations in lakes ranged from 3 to 4.4 ng L−1 and were, after pre-concentration, determined with an average recovery of 100%
KW - Antikörper
KW - Immunoassay
KW - Wasser
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602280
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ay01333b
VL - 16
IS - 21
SP - 3349
EP - 3363
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-60228
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Galleani, Gustavo
A1 - Lodi, Thiago A.
A1 - Conner, Robin L.
A1 - Jacobsohn, Luiz G.
A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi
T1 - Photoluminescence and X-ray induced scintillation in Gd3+-Tb3+ co-doped fluoride-phosphate glasses, and derived glass-ceramics containing NaGdF4 nanocrystals
N2 - The glass system (50NaPO3–20BaF2–10CaF2–20GdF3)-xTbCl3 with x = 0.3, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt % was investigated. We successfully produced transparent glass ceramic (GC) scintillators with x = 1 through a melt-quenching process followed by thermal treatment. The luminescence and crystallization characteristics of these materials were thoroughly examined using various analytical methods. The nanocrystallization of Tb3+-doped Na5Gd9F32 within the doped fluoride-phosphate glasses resulted in enhanced photoluminescence (PL) and radioluminescence (RL) of the Tb3+ ions. The GC exhibited an internal PL quantum yield of 33 % and the integrated RL intensity across the UV-visible range was 36 % of that reported for the commercial BGO powder scintillator. This research showcases that Tb-doped fluoridephosphate GCs containing nanocrystalline Na5Gd9F32 have the potential to serve as efficient scintillators while having lower melting temperature compared to traditional silicate and germanate glasses.
KW - Glass scintillator
KW - Fluoride phosphate glasses
KW - Gd3+
KW - Tb3+
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603588
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omx.2023.100288
VL - 21
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-60358
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tatzel, Michael
A1 - Oelze, Marcus
A1 - Frick, Daniel A.
A1 - Di Rocco, Tommaso
A1 - Liesegang, Moritz
A1 - Stuff, Maria
A1 - Wiedenbeck, Michael
T1 - Silicon and oxygen isotope fractionation in a silicified carbonate rock
N2 - Silicon isotope fractionation during silicification is poorly understood and impedes our ability to decipher paleoenvironmental conditions from Si isotopes in ancient cherts. To investigate isotope fractionation during silica-for-carbonate replacement we analyzed the microscale Si and O isotope composition in different silica phases in a silicified zebra dolostone as well as their bulk δ18O and Δ’17O compositions. The subsequent replacement of carbonate layers is mimicked by decreasing δ18O and δ30Si. The textural relationship and magnitude of Si and O isotope fractionation is best explained by near-quantitative silica precipitation in an open system with finite Si. A Rayleigh model for silicification suggests positive Ɛ30/28Si during silicification, conforming with predictions for isotope distribution at chemical equilibrium from ab-initio models. Application of the modelled Ɛ30Si-T relationship yields silicification temperatures of approx. 50°C. To reconcile the δ18Ochert composition with these temperatures, the δ18O of the fluid must have been between -2.5 and -4 ‰, compositions for which the quartz phases fall close to the oxygen equilibrium fractionation line in three-isotope space. Diagenetic silica replacement appears to occur in O and Si isotopic equilibrium allowing reconstructions of temperatures of silicification from Si isotopes and derive the δ18O composition of the fluid – a highly desired value needed for accurate reconstructions of the temperature- and δ18O histories of the oceans.
KW - Silicon isotopes
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603430
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122120
SN - 0009-2541
VL - 658
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-60343
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Wosniok, Aleksander
A1 - Königsbauer, Korbinian
A1 - Nöther, Nils
A1 - Färber, Jan
A1 - Schaller, M.-Barbara
A1 - Krebber, Katerina
T1 - Distributed polymer optical fiber sensors using digital I-OFDR for geotechnical infrastructure health monitoring
N2 - We present a distributed polymer optical fiber sensor system for deformation monitoring of geotechnical infrastructure. The sensor system is based on the digital incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR) for the detection of local strain events along a perfluorinated polymer optical fiber (PF-POF) used as a sensing fiber. For the best possible load transfer, the PF-POFs were integrated onto geosynthetics which pose a sensor carrier for the sensing fiber. By using elastic PF-POF instead of a standard glass fiber as a sensing fiber the strain range of geosynthetics-integrated fiber optic sensors could be extended up to 10 % in accordance with the end-user requirements.
T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring
CY - Potsdam, Germany
DA - 10.06.2024
KW - Digital I-OFDR
KW - Distributed polymer optical fiber sensor
KW - Ddistributed strain sensing
KW - Smart geosynthetics
KW - Structural health monitoring
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603096
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - NDT.net
AN - OPUS4-60309
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Charmi, Amir
A1 - Heimann, Jan
A1 - Duffner, Eric
A1 - Hashemi, Seyedreza
A1 - Prager, Jens
T1 - Application of deep learning for structural health monitoring of a composite overwrapped pressure vessel undergoing cyclic loading
N2 - Structural health monitoring (SHM) using ultrasonic-guided waves (UGWs) enables continuous monitoring of components with complex geometries and provides extensive information about their structural integrity and their overall condition. Composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) used for storing hydrogen gases at very high pressures are an example of a critical infrastructure that could benefit significantly from SHM. This can be used to increase the periodic inspection intervals, ensure safe operating conditions by early detection of anomalies, and ultimately estimate the remaining lifetime of COPVs. Therefore, in the digital quality infrastructure initiative (QI-Digital) in Germany, an SHM system is being developed for COPVs used in a hydrogen refueling station. In this study, the results of a lifetime fatigue test on a Type IV COPV subjected to many thousands of load cycles under different temperatures and pressures are presented to demonstrate the strengths and challenges associated with such an SHM system. During the cyclic testing up to the final material failure of the COPV, a sensor network of fifteen surface-mounted piezoelectric (PZT) wafers was used to collect the UGW data. However, the pressure variations, the aging process of the COPV, the environmental parameters, and possible damages simultaneously have an impact on the recorded signals. This issue and the lack of labeled data make signal processing and analysis even more demanding. Thus, in this study, semi-supervised, and unsupervised deep learning approaches are utilized to separate the influence of different variables on the UGW data with the final aim of detecting and localizing the damage before critical failure.
T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring
CY - Potsdam, Germany
DA - 10.06.2024
KW - Structural health monitoring
KW - Deep learning
KW - Ultrasonic-guided waves
KW - Anomaly detection
KW - Damage localization
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607396
DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29751
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-60739
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hupp, Vitus
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
A1 - Flothmeier, K.
A1 - Hartwig, A.
T1 - Pyrolysis and flammability of phosphorus based flame retardant pressure sensitive adhesives and adhesive tapes
N2 - Pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used in a variety of applications such as construction, aircrafts, railway vehicles, and ships, where flame retardancy is essential. Especially in these applications, phosphorus-based flame retardants are often chosen over halogenated ones due to their advantages in terms of toxicity. Although there are pressure-sensitive adhesives with phosphorus flame retardants available on the market, their flame-retardant modes of action and mechanisms are not entirely understood. This research article provides fundamental pyrolysis research of three phosphorus-based flame retardants that exhibit different mechanisms in a pressuresensitive adhesive matrix. The flame-retardants modes of action and mechanisms of a 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivate, an aryl phosphate, and a self-synthesized, covalently bonded DOPO derivate (copolymerized) are investigated. The blended DOPO derivate is volatilized at rather low temperatures while the covalently bonded DOPO derivate decomposes together with the polymer matrix at the same temperature. Both DOPO derivates release PO radicals which are known for their flame inhibition. The aryl phosphate decomposes at higher temperatures, releases small amounts of aryl phosphates into the gas phase, and acts predominantly the condensed phase. The aryl phosphate acts as precursor for phosphoric acid and improves the charring of the pressure sensitive adhesive matrix. All flame retardants enhance the flammability of the adhesives depending on their individual mode of action while the covalently bonded flame retardant additionally improves the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures making it a promising future technology for pressure-sensitive adhesives.
KW - Pyrolysis of flame retardant
KW - Pyrolysis gas chromatography
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Phosphorus flame retardant
KW - Decomposition mechanism
KW - Flame retardant pressure sensitive adhesives
KW - Flame retardancy
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607192
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106658
SN - 0165-2370
SN - 1873-250X
VL - 181
SP - 1
EP - 31
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-60719
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krone, David
A1 - Esche, Erik
A1 - Skiborowski, Mirko
A1 - Repke, Jens-Uwe
T1 - Optimization-based process synthesis by phenomena-based building blocks and an MINLP framework featuring structural screening
N2 - An existing approach for optimization-based process synthesis with abstracted phenomena-based building blocks (PBB) is extended by implementing it into a novel MINLP framework with structural screening. Consistency across the multilayer MINLP framework is guaranteed by creating a MathML/XML data model and subsequently exporting the code to the different program parts. The novel framework focuses both on fidelity by implementing thermodynamically sound models and on generality by employing a state-space superstructure that spans a large search space. In order to retain tractability, we insert a structural screening layer which prescreens based on binary decision variables of the superstructure by graph- and rule-based analyses, penalizing non-physical instances without solution of the underlying MINLP. The MINLP framework is successfully applied on two challenging synthesis tasks to determine the separation of the feed streams of benzene and toluene, as well as of n-pentane, n-hexane, and n-heptane utilizing superstructures with two, respectively four PBB.
KW - Process synthesis
KW - Superstructure optimization
KW - Distillation
KW - Mathematical programming
KW - Structural screening
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-621955
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2024.108955
VL - 194
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-62195
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Johann, Sergej
A1 - Stürenberg, Jan
A1 - Tandon, Aditya
T1 - Robotergestütztes Bauwerksmonitoring basierend auf eingebetteter Sensorik
N2 - In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich das Bauwerksmonitoring (engl. „Structural Health Monitoring“, SHM) zu einer nützlichen Ergänzung routinemäßiger Inspektionen entwickelt. SHM ermöglicht die frühzeitige Erkennung von Schäden an Bauwerken und dadurch die frühe, und somit kostengünstige, Durchführung von Reparatur- und Wartungsarbeiten. Mit dem Aufkommen drahtloser Technologien und Fortschritten in der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie werden Bauwerke zunehmend mit drahtlosen Sensorknoten ausgestattet, um für SHM relevante Bauwerksdaten zu erfassen, zu analysieren und zu übertragen. Eine vielversprechende Methode für SHM ist die direkte Einbettung von Sensoren in den Beton. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Sensorsystem zur Einbettung in Beton vorgestellt, das in der Lage ist, die im Beton aufgenommenen Bauwerksdaten auszuwerten. Die Sensoren werden bei Bedarf von vierbeinigen Robotern mittels Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) ausgelesen und mit Energie versorgt, was einen automatisierten und effizienten Prozess ermöglicht. Der prototypische Prozess zur automatischen Erfassung von Bauwerksdaten mit eingebetteter Sensorik und vierbeinigen Robotern wird durch Tests in einer Büroumgebung validiert. Die Ergebnisse der Tests bestätigen die automatische und effiziente Erfassung von Bauwerksdaten, die eine frühzeitige Erkennung von Bauwerksschäden, auch von nicht sichtbaren Schäden, ermöglicht, und eine folgerichtige Weiterentwicklung des
modernen Bauwerksmonitorings repräsentiert.
T2 - 35. Forum Bauinformatik
CY - Hamburg, Germany
DA - 18.09.2024
KW - Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
KW - Bauwerksmonitoring (SHM)
KW - Eingebettete Sensorik
KW - Vierbeinige Roboter
KW - Autonome Navigation
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-621890
DO - https://doi.org/10.15480/882.13502
SP - 139
EP - 146
AN - OPUS4-62189
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Natsopoulou, M. E.
A1 - Doublet, V.
A1 - Fürst, M.
A1 - Weging, S.
A1 - Brown, M. J. F.
A1 - Gogol-Döring, A.
A1 - Paxton, R. J.
T1 - Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss
N2 - Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have contributed significantly to the current biodiversity crisis, leading to widespread epidemics and population loss. Owing to genetic variation in pathogen virulence, a complete understanding of species decline requires the accurate identification and characterization of EIDs. We explore this issue in the Western honeybee, where increasing mortality of populations in the Northern Hemisphere has caused major concern. Specifically, we investigate the importance of genetic identity of the main suspect in mortality, deformed wing virus (DWV), in driving honeybee loss. Using laboratory experiments and a systematic field survey, we demonstrate that an emerging DWV genotype (DWV-B) is more virulent than the established DWV genotype (DWV-A) and is widespread in the landscape. Furthermore, we show in a simple model that colonies infected with DWV-B collapse sooner than colonies infected with DWV-A. We also identify potential for rapid DWV evolution by revealing extensive genome-wide recombination in vivo. The emergence of DWV-B in naive honeybee populations, including via recombination with DWV-A, could be of significant ecological and economic importance. Our findings emphasize that knowledge of pathogen genetic identity and diversity is critical to understanding drivers of species decline.
KW - Virulence
KW - Emerging infectious disease
KW - Pollinator
KW - Decline
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-368030
DO - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0811
SN - 0962-8452
VL - 283
IS - 1833
SP - Article 0811, 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-36803
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg
A1 - Lentzen, G.
A1 - Galinski, E.
T1 - Industrial production of the cell protectant ectoine: protection mechanisms, processes, and products
N2 - Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya can adapt to Saline environments by accumulating compatible solutes in order to maintain an osmotic equilibrium. Compatible solutes are of diverse chemical structure (sugars, polyols, amino acid derivatives) and are beneficial for bacterial cells not only as osmoregulatory solutes, but also as protectants of proteins by mitigating detrimental effects of freezing, drying and high temperatures. The aspartate derivative ectoine is a wide spread compatible solute in Bacteria and possesses additional protective properties compared with other compatible solutes, and stabilizes even whole cells against stresses such as UV radiation or cytotoxins. The protective properties of ectoine for proteins can be explained by its strong (kosmotropic) interaction with water and subsequent exclusion from Protein surface, the decrease of the solubility of the peptide backbone and the strengthening of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (secondary structures). The stabilizing and UV-protective properties of ectoine attracted industry, which saw the potential to market ectoine as a novel active component in health care products and cosmetics. In joint efforts of industry and research large-scale fermentation procedures have been developed with the halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata used as a producer strain. The two key technologies that allow for the annual production of ectoine on a scale of tons are the bacterial milking procedure and the development and application of ectoine-excreting mutants (“leaky” mutant). The details of these two procedures including the strain development and Fermentation processes will be introduced and current and future applications of ectoine will be discussed.
KW - Bacterial milking
KW - Batch fermentation
KW - Continuous culture
KW - Ectoine excretion
KW - Hofmeister effect
KW - Kosmotrope
KW - “leaky” mutant
KW - Osmophobic effect
KW - Protein protection
KW - Preferential exclusion
PY - 2014
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-376805
DO - https://doi.org/10.2174/22115501113026660037
SN - 2211-551X
VL - 3
IS - 1
SP - 10
EP - 25
PB - Bentham Science
AN - OPUS4-37680
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
T1 - Electronic reference images for flaw indications in welds and castings
N2 - Since decades the evaluation of flaw indications on radiographs from welds or castings are based on well accepted reference film catalogues from organizations like IIW (weldments), ASTM (castings) or DGZfP (D5 recommendation on heavy steel castings). Today, the transformation of classical film radiography to the digital world is in full progress. Some ASTM standards do not permit the evaluation of digital radiographs in reference to film catalogues. Therefore, these reference film catalogues have to be converted into the digital age too. BAM is supporting this transition by high definition film scanning. The result is a corresponding reference image catalogue. The different standard organizations selected different ways to distribute the digital data. ASTM used high definition film scanning at 10 μm pixel size and distribution of a huge amount of high-res data via DVD. The user sub-samples these high-res data during catalogue import to the resolution of his system. The comparison is done by synchronized image viewing on the computer work station. IIW recently decided to distribute their ISO 5817 reference images installed on tablets, which are used for image viewing too. The tablet image has to be compared with the digital image on the system monitor. DGZfP transformed their D5 reference radiographs into a PDF for monitor viewing. This is the simplest and cheapest solution, but still allows the full usage of the catalogue in the digital era. The status of ongoing work in progress will be discussed.
T2 - WCNDT 2016
CY - Munich, Germany
DA - 13.06.2016
KW - Castings
KW - NDT
KW - RT
KW - Radiography
KW - Discontinuities
KW - Catalogues
KW - Welds
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-377306
UR - http://ndt.net/?id=19310
SN - 1435-4934
VL - 21
IS - 7
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - NDT.net
CY - Kirchwald
AN - OPUS4-37730
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rosemann, Paul
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Meyer, A.
A1 - Halle, T.
T1 - Influence of nitrogen on the corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels
N2 - The corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels (MSS) depends strongly on the chemical composition and the applied heat treatment. Both determines the distribution of the alloying elements in the microstructure and the resulting material properties. The addition of nitrogen is known to be beneficial for the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels. In case of MSS this effect is not only connected to nitrogen itself because nitrogen can be used to substitute carbon which also influences the result of the heat treatment process. This paper shows the effect of nitrogen on the corrosion resistance in relation to the hardening process of MSS. Therefore the effects of austenitization duration, austenitization temperature and cooling rate on microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance were studied on the MSS X30CrMoN15 1 and X50CrMoV15. The effect of different cooling rates was studied in the range of > 100 K/s down to 1 K/s using the jominy end quench test. The changes in corrosion resistance were detected with electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) and by the determination of critical pitting potentials. Besides this experimental approach thermodynamic calculations with the software thermocalc will be presented and used for the interpretation of the effect of nitrogen on the corrosion resistance of MSS.
T2 - 18th Chemnitz Seminar on Materials Engineering – 18. Werkstofftechnisches Kolloquium
CY - Chemnitz, Germany
KW - Martensitic stainless steels
KW - Corrosion resistance
KW - Heat treatment
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366956
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/118/1/011002
VL - 118
IS - 1
SP - 19
EP - 19
PB - IOP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-36695
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scherb, Tobias
A1 - Kimber, S. A. J.
A1 - Stephan, Christiane
A1 - Henry, P. F.
A1 - Schumacher, G.
A1 - Escolástico, S.
A1 - Serra, J. M.
A1 - Seeger, J.
A1 - Just, J.
A1 - Hill, A.H.
A1 - Banhart, J.
T1 - Nanoscale order in the frustrated mixed conductor La5.6WO12-Delta
N2 - This article reports a comprehensive investigation of the average and local structure of La5.6WO12-δ, which has excellent mixed proton, electron and oxide ion conduction suitable for device applications. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction show that a cubic fluorite supercell describes the average structure, with highly disordered lanthanum and oxide positions. On average, the tungsten sites are sixfold coordinated and a trace [3.7 (1.3)%] of anti-site disorder is detected. In addition to sharp Bragg reflections, strong diffuse neutron scattering is observed, which hints at short-range order. Plausible local configurations are considered and it is shown that the defect chemistry implies a simple 'chemical exchange' interaction that favours ordered WO6 octahedra. The local model is confirmed by synchrotron X-ray pair distribution function analysis and EXAFS experiments performed at the La K and W L-3 edges. It is shown that ordered domains of similar to 3.5 nm are found, implying that mixed conduction in La5.6WO12-δ is associated with a defective glassy-like anion sublattice. The origins of this ground state are proposed to lie in the nonbipartite nature of the face-centred cubic lattice and the pairwise interactions which link the orientation of neighbouring octahedral WO6 sites. This 'function through frustration' could provide a means of designing new mixed conductors.
KW - neutron diffraction
KW - x-ray diffraction
KW - proton conductors
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366756
DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576716006415
SN - 1600-5767
VL - 49
IS - Issue 3
SP - 997
EP - 1008
PB - International Union of Crystallography
CY - Chester, UK
AN - OPUS4-36675
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Meiling, T.
A1 - Cywinski, P.
A1 - Bald, Ilko
T1 - White carbon: Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with tunable quantum yield in a reproducible green synthesis
N2 - In this study, a new reliable, economic, and environmentally-friendly one-step synthesis is established to obtain carbon nanodots (CNDs) with well-defined and reproducible photoluminescence (PL) properties via the microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment of starch and Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer as carbon sources. Three kinds of CNDs are prepared using different sets of above mentioned starting materials. The as-synthesized CNDs: C-CND (starch only), N-CND 1 (starch in TAE) and N-CND 2 (TAE only) exhibit highly homogenous PL and are ready to use without need for further purification.
The CNDs are stable over a long period of time (>1 year) either in solution or as freeze-dried powder. Depending on starting material, CNDs with PL quantum yield (PLQY) ranging from less than 1% up to 28% are obtained. The influence of the precursor concentration, reaction time and type of additives on the optical properties (UV-Vis absorption, PL emission spectrum and PLQY) is carefully investigated, providing insight into the chemical processes that occur during CND formation. Remarkably, upon freeze-drying the initially brown CND-solution turns into a non-fluorescent white/slightly Brown powder which recovers PL in aqueous solution and can potentially be applied as fluorescent marker in bio-imaging, as a reduction agent or as a photocatalyst.
KW - Carbon dots
KW - Quantum yield
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Nanoparticles
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-367204
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28557
VL - 6
SP - Article 28557, 1
EP - 9
PB - Nature Publishing Group
AN - OPUS4-36720
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nilsson, R. H.
A1 - Taylor, A. F. S.
A1 - Adams, R. I.
A1 - Baschien, C.
A1 - Bengtsson-Palme, J.
A1 - Cangren, P.
A1 - Coleine, C.
A1 - Iršėnaitė, R.
A1 - Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria
A1 - Meyer, W.
A1 - Oh, S.-Y.
A1 - Sampaio, J. P.
A1 - Seifert, K. A.
A1 - Sklenář, F.
A1 - Stubbe, D.
A1 - Suh, S.-O.
A1 - Summerbell, R.
A1 - Svantesson, S.
A1 - Unterseher, M.
A1 - Visagie, C. M.
A1 - Weiss, M.
A1 - Woudenberg, J. HC.
A1 - Wurzbacher, C.
A1 - Van den Wyngaert, S.
A1 - Yilmaz, N.
A1 - Yurkov, A.
A1 - Kõljalg, U.
A1 - Abarenkov, K.
A1 - Daniel, H.-M.
A1 - Glassman, S. I.
A1 - Hirooka, H.
A1 - Irinyi, L.
T1 - Taxonomic annotation of public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment – a report from an April 10–11, 2017 workshop (Aberdeen, UK)
N2 - Recent DNA-based studies have shown that the built environment is surprisingly rich in fungi. These indoor fungi – whether transient visitors or more persistent residents – may hold clues to the rising levels of human allergies and other medical and building-related health problems observed globally. The taxo¬nomic identity of these fungi is crucial in such pursuits. Molecular identification of the built mycobiome is no trivial undertaking, however, given the large number of unidentified, misidentified, and technically compromised fungal sequences in public sequence databases. In addition, the sequence metadata required to make informed taxonomic decisions – such as country and host/substrate of collection – are often lacking even from reference and ex-type sequences. Here we report on a taxonomic annotation workshop (April 10–11, 2017) organized at the James Hutton Institute/University of Aberdeen (UK) to facilitate reproducible studies of the built mycobiome. The 32 participants went through public fungal ITS bar¬code sequences related to the built mycobiome for taxonomic and nomenclatural correctness, technical quality, and metadata availability. A total of 19,508 changes – including 4,783 name changes, 14,121 metadata annotations, and the removal of 99 technically compromised sequences – were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (https://unite.ut.ee/) and shared with a range of other databases and downstream resources. Among the genera that saw the largest number of changes were Penicillium, Talaromyces, Cladosporium, Acremonium, and Alternaria, all of them of significant importance in both culture-based and culture-independent surveys of the built environment.
KW - Indoor mycobiome
KW - Built environment
KW - Molecular identification
KW - Fungi
KW - Taxonomy
KW - Systematics
KW - Sequence annotation
KW - Metadata
KW - Open data
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-438949
DO - https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.28.20887
SN - 1314-4049
SN - 1314-4057
VL - 28
SP - 65
EP - 82
PB - Pensoft Publishers
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-43894
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zerbst, Uwe
A1 - Madia, Mauro
A1 - Beier, H. Th.
T1 - Fatigue strength and life determination of weldments based on fracture mechanics
N2 - The paper provides an overview on the results of a German cluster project on the use of fracture mechanics to the determination of the fatigue strength of weldments with fatigue cracks originating at the weld toes. The approach includes (a) a concept for short crack propagation for which the common ΔK concept is not applicable and the crack closure effects are still being gradually build-up, (b) a method for determining fatigue life relevant initial crack sizes as they are needed in any fracture mechanics analysis and (c) multiple cracking and crack coalescence at load levels higher than the endurance limit. The analyses are stochastically performed. Both, the endurance limit and the finite life branch of the S-N curve are determined.
Besides a brief introduction into the approach, validation examples are presented. These comprise different weldment types (butt welds, cross joints and longitudinal stiffened plates), two steels (S355NL and S960QL) of quite different strengths, different weld geometries due to different welding techniques (WIG, MAG), as-welded and stress relieved welds and different stress ratios varying from R = -1 to R = 0.5.
T2 - FDMD 2017
CY - Lecco, Italy
DA - 19.09.2017
KW - Weldments
KW - Fatigue strength
KW - Fracture mechanics
KW - Initial crack size
KW - Short crack propagation
KW - Multiple crack propagation
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-438500
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2017.11.106
SN - 2452-3216
VL - 7
SP - 407
EP - 414
PB - ScienceDirect
CY - Lecco, Italy
AN - OPUS4-43850
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zerbst, Uwe
A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai
T1 - Damage development and damage tolerance of structures manufactured by selective laser melting - a review
N2 - The additive manufacturing technology of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) experiences a rapid development within an increasing marked of quite different application fields. The properties of SLM materials and structures are influenced by a number of tech-nological parameters such as the metal powder (particle size, homogeneity, cleanliness), the laser tool (power, beam diameter, pulse lengths), the scanning operation (speed, sequence and orientation of melting paths), parameters of the over-all equipment (design and preheating of the base plate, currents and turbulence in the protective gas atmosphere) and, last not least, the hatching strategy including the build-up direction of the structure with respect to the loading direction of the component.
For the perspective use of SLM structures as load carrying, safety-relevant components the knowledge of their mechanical properties is necessary. It is essential to understand these in the context of the manufacturing-related features and at the back-ground of the basic characteristics of metallic materials: crystal lattice, microstructure and material defects. The paper provides an overview on factors which affect the mechanical parameters stiffness, strength, ductility, toughness, fatigue crack propagation and fatigue strength in the context of selective laser melting.
T2 - FDMD 2017
CY - Lecco, Italy
DA - 19.09.2017
KW - Fatigue strength
KW - Fracture mechanics
KW - Initial crack size
KW - Short crack propagation
KW - Multiple crack propagation
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-438511
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2017.11.071
SN - 2452-3216
VL - 7
SP - 141
EP - 148
PB - ScienceDirect
CY - Lecco, Italy
AN - OPUS4-43851
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scherz, Franziska
A1 - Krop, U.
A1 - Monks, K.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Antikörperreinigung mit Glasmonolithen - Vereinfachung von Affinitätstrennungen mit HPLC-Systemen
N2 - Druckstabile Glasmonolithen ermöglichen eine schnelle und unkomplizierte Reinigung von Antikörpern, z.B. aus Serum oder Zellkulturüberständen. Die sehr gute Regenerierbarkeit lässt eine lange Lebensdauer der Säulen erwarten, was die
Kosten pro Probe niedrig hält.
KW - Borosilicatglas
KW - Immunglobuline
KW - IgG
KW - Serum
KW - Plasma
KW - Protein A
KW - Protein G
KW - Affinitätschromatographie
KW - Agarose
KW - Carrier-Material
KW - Stationäre Phase
KW - Immobilisierung
KW - Highspeed
KW - Trennung
KW - Reinigung
KW - Downstream Processing
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-445330
UR - http://www.git-labor.de/forschung/materialien/antikoerperreinigung-mit-glasmonolithen
SN - 0016-3538
VL - 62
IS - 3
SP - 24
EP - 25
PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-44533
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Muelow-Stollin, Ulrike
A1 - Lehnik-Habrink, Petra
A1 - Kluge, Stephanie
A1 - Bremser, Wolfram
A1 - Piechotta, Christian
T1 - Efficiency Evaluation of Extraction Methods for Analysis of OCPs and PCBs in Soils of Varying TOC
N2 - Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls are toxic, carcinogenic, and have a high potential for bioaccumulation. Due to their stability, they are still considered an environmental problem even though the use of most of them has been phased out several decades ago. Soil is a matrix which can retain these contaminants to a great extent. This ability is often associated with the total organic carbon content (TOC). In order to judge the pollution status of soil and to make monitoring data more easily comparable a simple, yet robust extraction method is needed. Agitation solid-liquid-extraction is well suited for this purpose. However, the influence of TOC on the analyte recovery has to be known. For the presented study, 12 organochlorine pesticides and 7 polychlorinated biphenyls were spiked into four model soils with organic carbon contents between 1.6% - 13.3%. The matrices were extracted using solid-liquid extraction between 45 minutes and 16 hours. For comparison, all soils were also extracted using pressurised liquid extraction and Soxhlet extraction. After clean-up the extracts were measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. Statistical analysis of the results implied that the TOC content of the soils did not have significant influence on the extraction efficiency. A longer solid-liquid extraction time did not necessarily increase analyte recovery: Extraction for one hour resulted in 88% recovery while 16 hour extraction led to 89%. Thus, the efficiency of all the methods was comparable for all model soils. Additional investigations regarding GC liner performance highlighted the need for isotopically labelled standards during the analysis of thermolabile pesticides.
KW - POP
KW - Soil organic matter
KW - Solid-liquid-extraction
KW - Pressurised liquid extraction
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-430238
DO - https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2017.86045
SN - 2152-2219
VL - 08
IS - 06
SP - Article ID:77202, 693
EP - 713
PB - Scientific Research Publishing
AN - OPUS4-43023
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hufsky, F.
A1 - Ibrahim, B.
A1 - Beer, M.
A1 - Deng, L.
A1 - Le Mercier, P.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
A1 - Palmarini, M.
A1 - Thiel, V.
A1 - Marz, M.
T1 - Virologists—Heroes need weapons
N2 - Virologists. You might know a couple of them, but unless you are a virologist yourself, the probability that you have collaborated with one in the past is low. The community is relatively small, but they pack a heavy punch and are expected to play a leading role in the research into pathogens that lies ahead. You may ask why we think virologists are our future. Suffice it to say that it is not just because they have invented technologies that belong to the space age, including use of viruses as vehicles to shuttle genes into cells[1], organic nanoparticles with specific tools attached to their surfaces to get inside target cells[2], and using genetically modified viruses as therapies to fight against cancer[3]. Did you know that virologists currently only know of about 3,200 viral species but that more than 320,000 mammal-associated viruses[4] are thought to await discovery? Just think about the viruses hidden in the Arctic ice[5] or in the insects and other animals from once cut-off regions in the world, which now face ever-increasing human exposure[6]. But a heroic (as well as an apocalyptic) role for virologists may also be on the horizon, as the adoption of phage therapy may, in the future, be used to control harmful bacteria when antibiotics fail
KW - Virology
KW - Bioinformatics
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-442402
DO - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006771
SN - 1553-7366
SN - 1553-7374
VL - 14
IS - 2
SP - Article e1006771, 1
EP - 3
PB - Public Library of Science
CY - Lawrence, Kan.
AN - OPUS4-44240
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Huang, S.
A1 - De Beats, P.
A1 - Sukumaran, J.
A1 - Mohrbacher, H.
A1 - Woydt, Mathias
A1 - Vleugels, J.
T1 - Effect of carbon content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of NbC-Ni based cermets
N2 - The aim of this work was to correlate the overall carbon contents in NbC-Ni, NbC-Ni-VC and NbC-Ni-Mo starting powders with the resulting microstructure, hardness, and fracture toughness of Ni-bonded NbC cermets.
KW - Niobium carbide
KW - Cermet
KW - Hardmetal
KW - Liquid phase sintering
KW - Carbon
KW - Hardness
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-444608
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/met8030178
SN - 2075-4701
VL - 8
IS - 3
SP - Article 178, 1
EP - 13
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-44460
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Ten Basic Rules of Antibody Validation
N2 - The quality of research antibodies is an issue for decades. Although several papers have been published to improve the situation, their impact seems to be limited. This publication makes the effort to simplify the description of validation criteria in a way that the occasional antibody user is able to assess the validation level of an immunochemical reagent. A simple, 1-page checklist is supplied for the practical application of these criteria.
KW - Replication
KW - Reproducibility
KW - Documentation
KW - Open Science
KW - Quality Control
KW - Biochemistry
KW - Biotechnology
KW - Bioanalysis
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-444322
UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813849/
DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/1177390118757462
SN - 11773901
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Sage
CY - Los Angeles, USA
AN - OPUS4-44432
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Örnek, C.
A1 - Léonard, Fabien
A1 - McDonald, S.
A1 - Prajapati, A
A1 - Withers, P. J.
A1 - Engelberg, D.
T1 - Time-dependent in situ measurement of atmospheric corrosion rates of duplex stainless steel wires
N2 - Corrosion rates of strained grade UNS S32202 (2202) and UNS S32205 (2205) duplex stainless steel wires have been measured, in situ, using time-lapse X-ray computed tomography. Exposures to chloride-containing (MgCl2) atmospheric environments at 50 °C (12–15 M Cl− and pH ~5) with different mechanical elastic and elastic/plastic loads were carried out over a period of 21 months. The corrosion rates for grade 2202 increased over time, showing selective dissolution with shallow corrosion sites, coalescing along the surface of the wire. Corrosion rates of grade 2205 decreased over time, showing both selective and pitting corrosion with more localised attack, growing preferentially in depth. The nucleation of stress corrosion cracking was observed in both wires.
KW - X-ray computed tomography
KW - Time-lapse X-ray computed tomography
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-444153
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-018-0030-9
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-018-0030-9
SN - 2397-2106
VL - 2
SP - Article 10, 1
EP - 15
PB - Nature
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-44415
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Madia, Mauro
A1 - Schork, B.
A1 - Bernhard, J.
A1 - Kaffenberger, M.
T1 - Multiple crack initiation and propagation in weldments under fatigue loading
N2 - The work aims at addressing the modelling and implementation of criteria for multiple crack propagation, including interaction and coalescence, for a more reliable fracture mechanics-based prediction of stress-life curves for weldments.
A large experimental work is presented in which micro-cracks have been made visible by heat-tinting at successive stages of fatigue life of the welded specimens. Here the correlation between the number of initiation sites and the applied stress level has been also investigated.
The criteria have been implemented in in-house software, which allows multiple fatigue crack propagation, and validated against selected experimental tests. The results have shown that the modelling of multiple crack propagation and interaction is crucial for the prediction of the fatigue strength of weldments, both in finite and infinite life regime.
T2 - FDMD 2017
CY - Lecco, Italy
DA - 19.09.2017
KW - Weldments
KW - Fatigue strength
KW - Multiple crack propagation
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-438593
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2017.11.108
SN - 2452-3216
VL - 7
SP - 423
EP - 430
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-43859
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Laux, P.
A1 - Tentschert, J.
A1 - Riebeling, Ch.
A1 - Braeuning, A.
A1 - Creutzenberg, O.
A1 - Epp, A.
A1 - Fessard, V.
A1 - Haas, K.-H.
A1 - Haase, A.
A1 - Hund-Rinke, K.
A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert
A1 - Kearns, P.
A1 - Lampen, A.
A1 - Rauscher, H.
A1 - Schoonjans, R.
A1 - Störmer, A.
A1 - Thielmann, A.
A1 - Mühle, U.
A1 - Luch, A.
T1 - Nanomaterials: certain aspects of application, risk assessment and risk communication
N2 - Development and market introduction of new nanomaterials trigger the need for an adequate risk assessment of such products alongside suitable risk communication measures. Current application of classical and new nanomaterials is analyzed in context of regulatory requirements and standardization for chemicals, food and consumer products. The challenges of nanomaterial characterization as the main bottleneck of risk assessment and regulation are presented. In some areas, e.g., quantification of nanomaterials within complex matrices, the establishment and adaptation of analytical techniques such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and others are potentially suited to meet the requirements. As an example, we here provide an approach for the reliable characterization of human exposure to nanomaterials resulting from food packaging. Furthermore, results of nanomaterial toxicity and ecotoxicity testing are discussed, with concluding key criteria such as solubility and fiber rigidity as important parameters to be considered in material development and regulation. Although an analysis of the public opinion has revealed a distinguished rating depending on the particular field of application, a rather positive perception of nanotechnology could be ascertained for the German public in general. An improvement of material characterization in both toxicological testing as well as end-product control was concluded as being the main obstacle to ensure not only safe use of materials, but also wide acceptance of this and any novel technology in the general public.
KW - Nanomaterials
KW - Toxicity
KW - Ecotoxicity
KW - Standardization
KW - Exposure
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-441096
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-017-2144-1
VL - 92
IS - 1
SP - 121
EP - 141
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-44109
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Meyer, S.
A1 - López-Serrano, Ana
A1 - Mitze, H.
A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert
A1 - Schwerdtle, T.
T1 - Single-cell analysis by ICP-MS/MS as a fast tool for cellular bioavailability studies of arsenite
N2 - Single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS) has become a powerful and fast tool to evaluate the elemental composition at a single-cell level. In this study, the cellular bioavailability of arsenite (incubation of 25 and 50 μM for 0-48 h) has been successfully assessed by SC-ICP-MS/MS for the first time directly after re-suspending the cells in water. This procedure avoids the normally arising cell membrane permeabilization caused by cell fixation methods (e.g. methanol fixation). The reliability and feasibility of this SC-ICP-MS/MS approach with a limit of detection of 0.35 fg per cell was validated by conventional bulk ICP-MS/MS analysis after cell digestion and parallel measurement of sulfur and phosphorus.
KW - Single-cell analysis
KW - ICP-MS/MS
KW - Arsenite
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-441105
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7mt00285h
SN - 1756-5901
VL - 10
IS - 1
SP - 73
EP - 76
PB - RSC Publ.
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-44110
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stajanca, Pavol
A1 - Topolniak, Ievgeniia
A1 - Pötschke, Samuel
A1 - Krebber, Katerina
T1 - Solution-mediated cladding doping of commercial polymer optical fibers
N2 - Solution doping of commercial polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer optical fibers (POFs) is presented as a novel approach for preparation of custom cladding-doped POFs (CD-POFs). The presented method is based on a solution-mediated diffusion of dopant molecules into the fiber cladding upon soaking of POFs in a methanol-dopant solution. The method was tested on three different commercial POFs using Rhodamine B as a fluorescent dopant. The dynamics of the diffusion process was studied in order to optimize the doping procedure in terms of selection of the most suitable POF, doping time and conditions. Using the optimized procedure, longer segment of fluorescent CD-POF was prepared and its performance was characterized. Fiber’s potential for sensing and illumination applications was demonstrated and discussed. The proposed method represents a simple and cheap way for fabrication of custom, short to medium length CD-POFs with various dopants.
KW - Polymer optical fiber
KW - Solution doping
KW - Polymethyl methacrylate
KW - Rhodamine B
KW - Dye-doped fiber
KW - Fluorescent optical fiber
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-441045
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2018.02.008
SN - 1068-5200
SN - 1095-9912
VL - 41
SP - 227
EP - 234
PB - Elsevier Inc.
AN - OPUS4-44104
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lasri, J.
A1 - Chulvi, Katherine
A1 - Eltayeb, N. E.
T1 - Crystal structures of (E)-1-naphthaldehyde oxime and (E)-phenanthrene-9-carbaldehyde oxime
N2 - The aldoximes C11H9NO (I) and C15H11NO (II), synthesized in ca 90%yield, by
treatment of 1-naphthaldehyde or phenanthrene-9-carbaldehyde, respectively,
with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium carbonate, have been characterized
by IR, 1H, 13C and DEPT-135 NMR spectroscopies, and also by singlecrystal
X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecules of (I) and (II) are
conformationally similar, with the aldoxime substituent groups lying outside
the planes of the naphthalene or phenanthrene rings, forming dihedral angles
with them of 23.9 (4) and 27.9 (6)°, respectively. The crystal structures of both
(I) and (II) are similar with a single intermolecular O—H...N hydrogenbonding
interaction, giving rise to the formation of one-dimensional polymeric
chains extending along the 21 (b) screw axes in each.
KW - Crystal structure
KW - Aromatic aldehydes
KW - E-aldoximes
KW - Hydrogen bonding
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-443351
DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018002116
SN - 2056-9890
VL - 74
SP - 332
EP - 336
PB - International Union of Crystallography
CY - Chester
AN - OPUS4-44335
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hollamby, M. J.
A1 - Smith, C. F.
A1 - Britton, M. M.
A1 - Danks, A. E.
A1 - Schnepp, Z.
A1 - Grillo, I.
A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard
A1 - Kishimura, A.
A1 - Nakanishi, T.
T1 - The aggregation of an alkyl–C60 derivative as a function of concentration, temperature and solvent type
N2 - Contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering (CV-SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of diffusion and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) are used to gain insight into the aggregation of an alkyl–C60 derivative, molecule 1, in n-hexane, n-decane and toluene as a function of concentration and temperature. Results point to an associative mechanism of aggregation similar to other commonly associating molecules, including non-ionic surfactants or asphaltenes in non-aqueous solvents. Little aggregation is detected in toluene, but small micelle-like structures form in n-alkane solvents, which have a C60-rich core and alkyl-rich shell. The greatest aggregation extent is found in n-hexane, and at 0.1 M the micelles of 1 comprise around 6 molecules at 25 °C. These micelles become smaller when the concentration is lowered, or if the solvent is changed to n-decane. The solution structure is also affected by temperature, with a slightly larger aggregation extent at 10 °C than at 25 °C. At higher concentrations, for example in solutions of 1 above 0.3 M in n-decane, a bicontinuous network becomes apparent. Overall, these findings aid our understanding of the factors driving the assembly of alkyl–π-conjugated hydrophobic amphiphiles such as 1 in solution and thereby represent a step towards the ultimate goal of exploiting this phenomenon to form materials with well-defined order.
KW - Complex Molecular Systems
KW - Supramolecules
KW - Scattering
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-442977
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP06348B
VL - 20
IS - 5
SP - 3773
EP - 3380
PB - RSC
AN - OPUS4-44297
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Winkelmann, Aimo
A1 - Nolze, Gert
A1 - Vespucci, S.
A1 - Gunsekar, N.-K.
A1 - Trager-Cowan, C.
A1 - Vilalta-Clemente, A.
A1 - Wilkinson, A. J.
A1 - Voss, M.
T1 - Diffraction effects and inelastic electron transport in angle-resolved microscopic imaging applications
N2 - We analyse the signal formation process for scanning electron microscopic imaging applications on crystalline specimens. In accordance with previous investigations, we find nontrivial effects of incident beam diffraction on the backscattered electron distribution in energy and momentum. Specifically, incident beam diffraction causes angular changes of the backscattered electron distribution which we identify as the dominant mechanism underlying pseudocolour orientation imaging using multiple, angle-resolving detectors. Consequently, diffraction effects of the incident beam and their impact on the subsequent coherent and incoherent electron transport need to be taken into account for an in-depth theoretical modelling of the energy- and momentum distribution of electrons backscattered from crystalline sample regions. Our findings have implications for the level of theoretical detail that can be necessary for the interpretation of complex imaging modalities such as electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) of defects in crystals. If the solid angle of detection is limited to specific regions of the backscattered electron momentum distribution, the image contrast that is observed in ECCI and similar applications can be strongly affected by incident beam diffraction and topographic effects from the sample surface. As an application, we demonstrate characteristic changes in the resulting images if different properties of the backscattered electron distribution are used for the analysis of a GaN thin film sample containing dislocations.
KW - EBSD
KW - Channeling-in
KW - Background processing
KW - Center of mass
KW - Backscattered electrons
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-422063
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12571
SN - 0022-2720
VL - 267
IS - 3
SP - 330
EP - 346
PB - Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-42206
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rudenko, A.
A1 - Colombier, J.-P.
A1 - Höhm, S.
A1 - Rosenfeld, A.
A1 - Krüger, Jörg
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Itina, T.E.
T1 - Spontaneous periodic ordering on the surface and in the bulk of dielectrics irradiated by ultrafast laser: a shared electromagnetic origin
N2 - Periodic self-organization of matter beyond the diffraction limit is a puzzling phenomenon, typical both for surface and bulk ultrashort laser processing. Here we compare the mechanisms of periodic nanostructure formation on the surface and in the bulk of fused silica. We show that volume nanogratings and surface nanoripples having subwavelength periodicity and oriented perpendicular to the laser polarization share the same electromagnetic origin. The nanostructure orientation is defined by the near-field local enhancement in the vicinity of the inhomogeneous scattering centers. The periodicity is attributed to the coherent superposition of the waves scattered at inhomogeneities. Numerical calculations also support the multipulse accumulation nature of nanogratings formation on the surface and inside fused silica. Laser surface processing by multiple laser pulses promotes the transition from the high spatial frequency perpendicularly oriented nanoripples to the low spatial frequency ripples, parallel or perpendicular to the laser polarization. The latter structures also share the electromagnetic origin, but are related to the incident field interference with the scattered far-field of rough non-metallic or transiently metallic surfaces. The characteristic ripple appearances are predicted by combined electromagnetic and thermo-mechanical approaches and supported by SEM images of the final surface morphology and by time-resolved pump-probe diffraction measurements.
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Femtosecond laser
KW - Nanostructures
KW - Dielectrics
KW - Electromagnetic scattering
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-421747
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-12502-4
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12502-4
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 7
SP - Article 12306, 1
EP - 14
PB - Springer Nature
AN - OPUS4-42174
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seidel, R.
A1 - Kraffert, K.
A1 - Kabelitz, Anke
A1 - Pohl, M.N.
A1 - Kraehnert, R.
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Winter, B.
T1 - Detection of the electronic structure of iron-(III)-oxo oligomers forming in aqueous solutions
N2 - The nature of the small iron-oxo oligomers in iron-(III) aqueous solutions has a determining effect on the chemical processes that govern the formation of nanoparticles in aqueous phase. Here we report on a liquid-Jet photoelectron-spectroscopy experiment for the investigation of the electronic structure of the occurring iron-oxo oligomers in FeCl3 aqueous solutions. The only iron species in the as-prepared 0.75 M solution are Fe3+ monomers. Addition of NaOH initiates Fe3+ hydrolysis which is followed by the formation of iron-oxo oligomers. At small enough NaOH concentrations, corresponding to approximately [OH]/[Fe] = 0.2–0.25 ratio, the iron oligomers can be stabilized for several hours without engaging in further aggregation. Here, we apply a combination of non-resonant as well as iron 2p and Oxygen 1s resonant photoelectron spectroscopy from a liquid microjet to detect the electronic structure of the occurring species. Specifically, the oxygen 1s partial electron yield X-ray absorption (PEY-XA) spectra are found to exhibit a peak well below the onset of liquid water and OH (aq) absorption. The iron 2p absorption gives rise to signal centered between the main absorption bands typical for aqueous Fe3+. Absorption bands in both PEY-XA spectra are found to correlate with an enhanced photoelectron Peak near 20 eV binding energy, which demonstrates the sensitivity of resonant photoelectron (RPE) spectroscopy to mixing between iron and ligand orbitals. These various signals from the iron-oxo oligomers exhibit Maximum intensity at [OH]/[Fe] = 0.25 ratio. For the same ratio, we observe changes in the pH as well as in complementary Raman spectra, which can be assigned to the Transition from monomeric to oligomeric species. At approximately [OH]/[Fe] = 0.3 we begin to observe particles larger than 1 nm in radius, detected by small-angle X-ray scattering.
KW - Iron-oxo oligomers
KW - XPS
KW - Electronic structure
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-433468
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06945f
SN - 1463-9076
SN - 1463-9084
VL - 19
IS - 48
SP - 32226
EP - 32234
AN - OPUS4-43346
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dong, S.
A1 - Leng, J.
A1 - Feng, Y.
A1 - Liu, M.
A1 - Stackhouse, C. J.
A1 - Schönhals, Andreas
A1 - Chiappisi, L.
A1 - Gao, L.
A1 - Chen, W.
A1 - Shang, J.
A1 - Jin, L.
A1 - Qi, Z.
A1 - Schalley, C. A.
T1 - Structural water as an essential comonomer in supramolecular polymerization
N2 - Although the concept of structural water that is bound inside hydrophobic pockets and helps to stabilize protein structures is well established, water has rarely found a similar role in supramolecular polymers. Water is often used as a solvent for supramolecular polymerization, however without taking the role of a comonomer for the supramolecular polymer structure. We report a low–molecular weight monomer whose supramolecular polymerization is triggered by the incorporation of water. The presence of water molecules as comonomers is essential to the polymerization process. The supramolecular polymeric material exhibits strong adhesion to surfaces, such as glass and paper. It can be used as a water-activated glue, which can be released at higher temperatures and reused many times without losing its performance.
KW - Supra molecular polymerization
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-432728
DO - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao0900
SN - 2375-2548
VL - 3
IS - 11
SP - eaao0900, 1
EP - eaao0900, 8
PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science
AN - OPUS4-43272
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bernevic, Bogdan
A1 - El-Khatib, Ahmed H.
A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Online immunocapture ICP‑MS for the determination of the metalloprotein ceruloplasmin in human serum
N2 - The human copper-protein ceruloplasmin (Cp) is the major copper-containing protein in the human body. The accurate determination of Cp is mandatory for the reliable diagnosis of several diseases. However, the analysis of Cp has proven to be difficult. The aim of our work was a proof of concept for the determination of a metalloprotein-based on online immunocapture ICP-MS. The immuno-affinity step is responsible for the enrichment and isolation of the analyte from serum, whereas the compound-independent quantitation with ICP-MS delivers the sensitivity,
precision, and large dynamic range. Off-line ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used in parallel to confirm the elution profile of the analyte with a structure-selective method. The total protein elution was observed with the 32S mass trace. The ICP-MS signals were normalized on a 59Co signal. The human copper-protein Cp could be selectively determined. This was shown with pure Cp and with a sample of human serum. The good correlation with off-line ELISA shows that Cp could be captured and eluted selectively from the anti-Cp affinity column and subsequently determined by the copper signal of ICP-MS.
KW - ELISA
KW - Affinity chromatography
KW - Affinity extraction
KW - IgY
KW - Chicken antibodies
KW - Immunoaffinity extraction
KW - Copper
KW - Diagnostics
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-446157
UR - https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-018-3324-7
UR - https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13104-018-3324-7/MediaObjects/13104_2018_3324_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
UR - https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13104-018-3324-7/MediaObjects/13104_2018_3324_MOESM2_ESM.pdf
DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3324-7
SN - 1756-0500
VL - 11
IS - 1
SP - Article 213, 1
EP - 5
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Heidelberg
AN - OPUS4-44615
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hinrichs, R.
A1 - Zen Vasconcellos, M.A.
A1 - Österle, Werner
A1 - Prietzel, C.
T1 - Amorphization of graphite flakes in gray cast iron under tribological load
N2 - A gray cast iron disc, which had been submitted to a heavy duty automotive brake test, was examined with energy filtered transmission electron microscopy. A graphite flake in a convenient angular position showed the shear interaction of graphite layers with the iron matrix in nano-scale resolution. Atomic layers of graphite were wedged into the ferritic bulk, allowing the entrance of oxygen and the subsequent formation of magnetite. The exfoliated few-layer graphene batches deformed heavily when forced into the matrix. When Raman spectra from the disc surface, which show distinctive carbonaceous bands, were compared with Raman spectra from graphite subjected to deformation in a shaker mill with different milling times, it could be seen that the shear stress on the brake surface was much more effective to induce disorder than the milling, where compressive and impact forces had been additionally exerted on the sample. During shear load the high anisotropy of elastic modulus in the graphite crystalline structure and the low adhesion between graphite basal planes allowed the exfoliation of wrinkled few-layer grapheme batches, causing the formation of more defect related Raman bands than the mechanical stress during high-energy milling.
KW - Graphite
KW - Shear load
KW - Amorphization
KW - EFTEM
KW - Raman spectroscopy
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-469227
DO - https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2017-1000
SN - 1516-1439
SN - 1980-5373
VL - 21
IS - 4
SP - e20171000, 1
EP - 6
PB - Universidade Federal de São Carlos
CY - São Carlos
AN - OPUS4-46922
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Wack, Yannick
A1 - Heckel, Thomas
A1 - Boehm, Rainer
A1 - Brackrock, Daniel
T1 - Simulation der Schallausbreitung in Eisenbahnschienen mit FEM und SAM
N2 - Die Simulation von Ultraschallausbreitung ist ein wesentliches Hilfsmittel zur Optimierung von Prüfanordnungen und wird zunehmend in der Prüfvorbereitung eingesetzt. Eisenbahnschienen sind Bauteile mit komplexer Geometrie und im eingebauten Zustand eingeschränkter Zugänglichkeit. Bei der Prüfung im Feld entstehen aus der Schienengeometrie komplexe Echosignale mit Formanzeigen, die schwer zu interpretieren sind.
Für das bessere Verständnis der Schallausbreitung in der Eisenbahnschiene wird diese in einem ersten Schritt mit Hilfe verschiedener Ansätze modelliert. Hierbei werden Finite Elemente Methoden und semi-analytischen Modelle verwendet. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die Ergebnisse der Simulationsmodelle einander gegenübergestellt und mit Messungen an realen Schienen verglichen.
Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist die Validierung von Simulationsverfahren mit Hilfe von Messdatensätzen und Überprüfung der Anwendbarkeit bei der Bewertung von Ergebnissen der Schienenprüfung.
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2018
CY - Leibzig, Gemany
DA - 07.05.2018
KW - Ultraschall
KW - FEM
KW - Eisenbahn
KW - Simulation
KW - SAM
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-474585
SP - Poster 4 - 1
EP - 5
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP)
AN - OPUS4-47458
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zeise, I.
A1 - Heiner, Z.
A1 - Holz, S.
A1 - Joester, Maike
A1 - Buttner, C.
A1 - Kneipp, Janina
T1 - Raman imaging of plant cell walls in sections of cucumis sativus
N2 - Raman microspectra combine information on chemical composition of plant tissues with spatial information. The contributions from the building blocks of the cell walls in the Raman spectra of plant tissues can vary in the microscopic sub-structures of the tissue. Here, we discuss the analysis of 55 Raman maps of root, stem, and leaf tissues of Cucumis sativus, using different spectral contributions from cellulose and lignin in both univariate and multivariate imaging methods. Imaging based on hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicates different substructures in the xylem cell walls of the different tissues. Using specific signals from the cell wall spectra, analysis of the whole set of different tissue sections based on the Raman images reveals differences in xylem tissue morphology. Due to the specifics of excitation of the Raman spectra in the visible wavelength range (532 nm), which is, e.g., in resonance with carotenoid species, effects of photobleaching and the possibility of exploiting depletion difference spectra for molecular characterization in Raman imaging of plants are discussed. The reported results provide both, specific information on the molecular composition of cucumber tissue Raman spectra, and general directions for future imaging studies in plant tissues.
KW - Raman
KW - Imaging
KW - Pants
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-474610
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/plants7010007
SN - 2223-7747
VL - 7
IS - 1
SP - 7, 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
AN - OPUS4-47461
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abbas, Ioana M.
A1 - Schwaar, Timm
A1 - Bienwald, Frank
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Predictable Peptide Conjugation Ratios by Activation of Proteins with Succinimidyl Iodoacetate (SIA)
N2 - The small heterobifunctional linker succinimidyl iodoacetate (SIA) was examined for the preparation of peptide–protein bioconjugates with predicable conjugation ratios. For many conjugation protocols, the protein is either treated with a reductant to cleave disulfide bonds or is reacted with thiolation chemicals, such as Traut’s reagent. Both approaches are difficult to control, need individual optimization and often lead to unsatisfactory results. In another popular approach, a heterobifunctional linker with a N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and a maleimide functionality is applied to the protein. After the activation of some lysine ε-amino groups with the NHS ester functionality, a cysteine-containing peptide is attached to the activated carrier protein via maleimide. Particularly, the maleimide reaction leads to some unwanted byproducts or even cleavage of the linker. Many protocols end up with conjugates with unpredictable and irreproducible conjugation ratios. In addition, the maleimide-thiol addition product should be assumed immunogenic in vivo. To avoid these and other disadvantages of the maleimide approach, we examined the known linker succinimidyl iodoacetate (SIA) in more detail and developed two protocols, which lead to peptide–protein conjugates with predefined average conjugation ratios. This holds potential to eliminate tedious and expensive optimization steps for the synthesis of a bioconjugate of optimal composition.
KW - Bioconjugate
KW - Carrier protein
KW - Immunogen
KW - Hapten
KW - Linker
KW - Antibody drug conjugate
KW - ADC
KW - Drug-to-antibody ratio
KW - DAR
KW - Conjugation ratio
KW - Conjugation density
KW - Carrier load
KW - Click reaction
KW - Click chemistry
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-427188
UR - http://www.mdpi.com/2409-9279/1/1/2
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/mps1010002
SN - 2409-9279
VL - 1
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
AN - OPUS4-42718
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Rohn, H.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Schmidt, M.
A1 - Giegrich, J.
A1 - Oberender, C.
A1 - Denz, W.
A1 - Niebaum, A.
ED - Ludwig, C.
ED - Matasci, C.
T1 - The Guideline Series VDI 4800 Resource Efficiency: An Approach for Increasing Resource Efficiency with Aim of Conservation of Natural Resources in the Industrial Sector
N2 - In 2011, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) started working on a set of guidelines
towards increased resource efficiency. These guidelines represent a framework that defines resource efficiency and outlines considerations for the producing industry. A special guideline for SMEs is included as well as guidelines on methodologies for evaluating resource use
indicators, such as the cumulative raw material demand of products and production systems.
Resource efficiency, defined here as the relationship between a specific benefit or use and the natural resources that need to be spent or consumed to attain this benefit or use. It can be
evaluated by defining a function which expresses the specific benefit and quantifies the resource requirements through a set of indicators (use of raw materials, energy, water, land
and ecosystem services including sinks). The results from this also depend on the system boundary parameters and the allocation rules for by-products and waste treatment options. Optimising resource use is possible at all stages of a product’s or production system’s life cycle chain (raw material extraction, production and manufacturing, use and consumption, and the
end-of-life stage).
VDI guidelines are widely accepted across Germany’s industrial sector and therefore represent an important means of mainstreaming resource efficiency in this target area. As well as providing a methodological framework, the guidelines describe strategies and measures towards increasing resource efficiency, and they enable industrial producers and service providers to identify potential areas of improvement. The full article presents an overview of
the methodology and contents of these guidelines and discusses their impact in achieving absolute reductions in the industrial use of natural resources.
KW - Resource efficiency
KW - Life cycle thinking
KW - Products and production systems
KW - Standardization
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-426443
UR - https://www.wrforum.org/wrfpublicationspdf/boosting-resource-productivity/
SN - 978-3-9521409-7-0
SP - 125
EP - 132
PB - Paul Scherrer Institute
CY - Villigen PSI, Switzerland
ET - 1
AN - OPUS4-42644
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gehrmann, H.-J.
A1 - Hiebel, M.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Methods for the Evaluation of Waste Treatment Processes
N2 - Decision makers for waste management are confronted with the problem of selecting the most economic, environmental, and socially acceptable waste treatment process. This paper elucidates evaluation methods for waste treatment processes for the comparison of ecological and economic aspects such as material flow analysis, statistical entropy analysis, energetic and exergetic assessment, cumulative energy demand, and life cycle assessment.The work is based on the VDI guideline 3925. A comparison of two thermal waste treatment plants with different process designs and energy recovery systems was performed with the described evaluation methods. The results are mainly influenced by the type of energy recovery, where the waste-to-energy plant providing district heat and process steam emerged to be beneficial in most aspects. Material recovery options from waste incineration were evaluated according to sustainability targets, such as saving of resources and environmental protection.
KW - Material flow analysis
KW - Life cycle assessment
KW - Cumulative energy demand
KW - Cost benefit analysis
KW - Eco-efficiency analysis
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-426455
UR - https://www.hindawi.com/journals/je/2017/3567865/
DO - https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3567865
SN - 2314-4912
VL - 2017
SP - Article ID 3567865-1
EP - 13
PB - Hindawi
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-42645
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Neuhaus, Birger
A1 - Schmid, Thomas
A1 - Riedel, Jens
T1 - Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations
N2 - A wide range of aspects concerning microscope slides, their preparation, long-time storage, curatorial measures in collections, deterioration, restoration, and study is summarized based on our own data and by analyzing more than 600 references from the 19th century until 2016, 15 patents, and about 100 Materials Safety Data Sheets. Information from systematic zoology, conservation sciences, chemistry, forensic sciences, pathology, paleopathology, applied sciences like food industry, and most recent advances in digital imaging are put together in order to obtain a better understanding of which and possibly why mounting media and coverslip seals deteriorate, how slides can be salvaged, which studies may be necessary to identify a range of ideal mounting media, and how microscope studies can benefit from improvements in developmental biology and related fields. We also elaborate on confusing usage of concepts like that of maceration and of clearing.
The chemical ingredients of a range of mounting media and coverslip seals are identified as much as possible from published data, but this information suffers in so far as the composition of a medium is often proprietary of the manufacturer and may vary over time. Advantages, disadvantages, and signs of deterioration are documented extensively for these media both from references and from our own observations. It turns out that many media degrade within a few years, or decades at the latest, except Canada balsam with a documented life-time of 150 years, Euparal with a documented life-time of 50 years, and glycerol-paraffin mounts sealed with Glyceel, which represents almost the only non-deteriorating and easily reversible mount. Deterioration reveals itself as a yellowing in natural resins and as cracking, crystallization, shrinkage on drying or possibly on loss of a plasticizer, detachment of the coverslip, segregation of the ingredients in synthetic polymers, as well as continued maceration of a specimen to a degree that the specimen virtually disappears. Confusingly, decay does not always appear equally within a collection of slides mounted at the same time in the same medium. The reasons for the deteriorative processes have been discussed but are controversial especially for gum-chloral media. Comparing data from conservation sciences, chemical handbooks, and documented ingredients, we discuss here how far chemical and physical deterioration probably are inherent to many media and are caused by the chemical and physical properties of their components and by chemicals dragged along from previous preparation steps like fixation, chemical maceration, and physical clearing. Some recipes even contain a macerating agent, which proceeds with its destructive work. We provide permeability data for oxygen and water vapor of several polymers contained in mounting media and coverslip seals. Calculation of the penetration rate of moisture in one example reveals that water molecules reach a specimen within a few days up to about a month; this lays to rest extensive discussions about the permanent protection of a mounted specimen by a mounting medium and a coverslip seal.
Based on the ever growing evidence of the unsuitable composition and application of many, and possibly almost all, mounting media, we strongly encourage changing the perspective on microscope slides from immediate usability and convenience of preparation towards durability and reversibility, concepts taken from conservation sciences. Such a change has already been suggested by Upton (1993) more than 20 years ago for gum-chloral media, but these media are still encouraged nowadays by scientists. Without a new perspective, taxonomic biology will certainly lose a large amount of its specimen basis for its research within the next few decades. Modern non-invasive techniques like Raman spectroscopy may help to identify mounting media and coverslip seals on a given slide as well as to understand ageing of the media. An outlook is given on potential future studies.
In order to improve the situation of existing collections of microscope slides, we transfer concepts as per the Smithsonian Collections Standards and Profiling System, developed for insect collections more than 25 years ago, to collections of slides. We describe historical and current properties and usage of glass slides, coverslips, labels, and adhesives under conservational aspects. In addition, we summarize and argue from published and our own experimental information about restorative procedures, including re-hydration of dried-up specimens previously mounted in a fluid medium. Alternatives to microscope slides are considered. We also extract practical suggestions from the literature concerning microscope equipment, cleaning of optical surfaces, health risks of immersion oil, and recent improvements of temporary observation media especially in connection with new developments in digital software.
KW - Re-hydration
KW - Mounting medium
KW - Coverslip seal
KW - Fixation
KW - Maceration
KW - Clearing
KW - Immersion oil
KW - Permeability
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-423322
SN - 978-1-77670-222-0
SN - 978-1-77670-223-7
DO - https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4322.1.1
SN - 1175-5326
VL - 4322
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 173
PB - Magnolia Press
CY - Auckland, Neuseeland
AN - OPUS4-42332
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Trimpert, J.
A1 - Groenke, N.
A1 - Jenckel, M.
A1 - He, Shulin
A1 - Kunec, D.
A1 - Szpara, M.L.
A1 - Spatz, S.J.
A1 - Osterrieder, N.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
T1 - A phylogenomic analysis of Marek's disease virus (MDV) reveals independent paths to virulence in Eurasia and North America
N2 - Virulence determines the impact a pathogen has on the fitness of its host, yet current understanding of the evolutionary origins and causes of virulence of many pathogens is surprisingly incomplete. Here, we explore the evolution of Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a herpesvirus commonly afflicting chickens and rarely other avian species. The history of MDV in the 20th century represents an important case study in the evolution of virulence. The severity of MDV infection in chickens has been rising steadily since the adoption of intensive farming techniques and vaccination programs in the 1950s and 1970s, respectively. It has remained uncertain, however, which of these factors is causally more responsible for the observed increase in virulence of circulating viruses. We conducted a phylogenomic study to understand the evolution of MDV in the context of dramatic changes to poultry farming and disease control. Our analysis reveals evidence of geographical structuring of MDV strains, with reconstructions supporting the emergence of virulent viruses independently in North America and Eurasia. Of note, the emergence of virulent viruses appears to coincide approximately with the introduction of comprehensive vaccination on both continents. The time-dated phylogeny also indicated that MDV has a mean evolutionary rate of ~1.6 × 10−5 substitutions per site per year. An examination of gene-linked mutations did not identify a strong association between mutational variation and virulence phenotypes, indicating that MDV may evolve readily and rapidly under strong selective pressures and that multiple genotypic pathways may underlie virulence adaptation in MDV.
KW - Sesistance
KW - Disease
KW - Emergence
KW - Evolution
KW - Virulence
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-429054
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12515
SN - 1752-4571
VL - 10
IS - 10
SP - 1091
EP - 1101
PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-42905
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - De la Rosa, J. M.
A1 - Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria
A1 - Santiago-Cortes, S.
A1 - Hermosin, B.
A1 - Knicker, H.
A1 - Saiz-Jimenez, C.
ED - De la Rosa, J. M.
T1 - Structure of melanins from the fungi Ochroconis lascauxensis and Ochroconis anomala contaminating rock art in the Lascaux Cave
N2 - Two novel species of the fungal genus Ochroconis, O. lascauxensis and O. anomala have been isolated from the walls of the Lascaux Cave, France. The interest in these fungi and their melanins lies in the formation of black stains on the walls and rock art which threatens the integrity of the paintings. Here we report solid-state cross polarization magic-angle spinning 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of the melanins extracted from the mycelia of O. lascauxensis and O. anomala in order to known their chemical structure. The melanins from these two species were compared with those from other fungi. The melanins from the Ochroconis species have similar SERS and 13C and 15N NMR spectra. Their chemical structures as suggested by the data are not related to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, 5,6-dihydroxyindole or 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene precursors and likely the building blocks from the melanins have to be based on other phenols that react with the N-terminal amino acid of proteins. The analytical pyrolysis of the acid hydrolysed melanin from O. lascauxensis supports this assumption.
KW - Microbiology
KW - Biodeterioration
KW - Melanins
KW - Fungi
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-435345
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13862-7
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 7
SP - 13441, 1
EP - 13441, 11
PB - Nature
AN - OPUS4-43534
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Kern, Simon
A1 - Guhl, Svetlana
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
ED - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Validation report on NMR
N2 - The departure from the current automation landscape to next generation automation concepts for the process industry has already begun. Smart functions of sensors simplify their use and enable plug and play integration, even though they may appear to be more complex at first sight. Smart sensors enable concepts like self-diagnostics, self-calibration, and self-configuration/ parameterization whenever our current automation landscape allows it.
Here we summarize the currently discussed general requirements for process sensors 4.0 and introduce a smart online NMR sensor module as example, which was developed for an intensified industrial process funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (www.consensspire.eu).
KW - Process Monitoring
KW - Online NMR Spectroscopy
KW - Indirect Hard Modeling
KW - Process Control
KW - Process Analytical Technology
KW - CONSENS
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-435521
SP - 1
EP - 31
AN - OPUS4-43552
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Scharf, Holger
A1 - Lkhagvasuren, B.
A1 - Oyuntungalag, U.
A1 - Rausch, J.
T1 - Certified reference material for determination of total cyanide in soil [BAM-U116/CGL306]
N2 - CRM (Certified Reference Material) BAM-U116/CGL306 “Cyanide in soil” was produced within a framework of cooperation between CGL (Central Geological Laboratory) of Mongolia and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) of Germany in 2013-2017. The CRM BAM-U116/CGL306 represents a mixture of a sandy soil collected from a contaminated former gasworks area in the Berlin region (Germany) and an unpolluted sandy soil from Nalaikh region (Mongolia).
The bulk candidate material for this reference material was prepared at CGL CRM Laboratory exclusively destined to the preparation of reference materials and equipped with modern technical equipment. Homogeneity, stability and shelf life were studied in full compliance with ISO Guide 35. The CRM was evaluated as sufficiently homogeneous. Statistical evaluation of certification analysis
was software packages SoftCRM and ProLab Plus. Certified value of total cyanide of the CRM is 12.0 mg/kg and expanded uncertainty was assigned as 0.8 mg/kg. The intended purpose of this material is the verification of analytical results obtained for the mass fraction of total cyanide in soils and soil-like materials applying the standardized procedure ISO 11262:2011. As any reference material, it can also be used for routine performance checks (quality control charts) or validation studies.
KW - CRM
KW - Cyanide in soil
KW - Total cyanide
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-469694
DO - https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2018.04.004
SP - 149
EP - 161
PB - David Publishing
AN - OPUS4-46969
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ringleb, F.
A1 - Andree, Stefan
A1 - Heidmann, B.
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Eylers, K.
A1 - Ernst, O.
A1 - Boeck, T.
A1 - Schmid, M.
A1 - Krüger, Jörg
T1 - Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of chalcopyrite micro-concentrator photovoltaics
N2 - Micro-concentrator solar cells offer an attractive way to further enhance the efficiency of planar-cell technologies while saving absorber material. Here, two laser-based bottom-up processes for the fabrication of regular arrays of CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 microabsorber islands are presented, namely one approach based on nucleation and one based on laser-induced forward transfer.
Additionally, a procedure for processing these microabsorbers to functioning micro solar cells connected in parallel is demonstrated. The resulting cells show up to 2.9% efficiency and a significant efficiency enhancement under concentrated Illumination.
KW - Chalcopyrite
KW - Femtosecond laser patterning
KW - Laser-induced forward transfer
KW - Micro-concentrator solar cell
KW - Photovoltaics
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-470026
DO - https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.281
SN - 2190-4286
VL - 9
SP - 3025
EP - 3038
PB - Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
CY - Frankfurt, M.
AN - OPUS4-47002
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Waske, Anja
A1 - Dutta, B.
A1 - Teichert, N.
A1 - Weise, B.
A1 - Shayanfar, N.
A1 - Becker, A.
A1 - Hütten, A.
A1 - Hickel, T.
T1 - Coupling Phenomena in Magnetocaloric Materials
N2 - Strong coupling effects in magnetocaloric materials are the key factor to achieve a large magnetic entropy change. Combining insights from experiments and ab initio calculations, we review relevant coupling phenomena, including atomic coupling, stress coupling, and magnetostatic coupling. For the investigations on atomic coupling, we have used Heusler compounds as a flexible model system. Stress coupling occurs in first‐order magnetocaloric materials, which exhibit a structural transformation or volume change together with the magnetic transition. Magnetostatic coupling has been experimentally demonstrated in magnetocaloric particles and fragment ensembles. Based on the achieved insights, we have demonstrated that the materials properties can be tailored to achieve optimized magnetocaloric performance for cooling applications.
KW - Ab initio calculations
KW - Magneto-structural transition
KW - Magnetocaloric materials
KW - Ferroic cooling
KW - Heusler alloys
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-473045
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201800163
VL - 6
IS - 8
SP - 1429
EP - 1447
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-47304
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe
A1 - Vogel, Justus
A1 - Zhang, F.
A1 - Long, N.X.
A1 - Nguyen, T.P.
T1 - Visibility of Image Quality Indicators (IQI) by Human Observers in Digital Radiography in Dependence on Measured MTFs and Noise Power Spectra
N2 - Digital radiographic images were analysed to predict the visibility of image quality indicators (IQI), based on normalized noise power spectra (NNPP) and modulation transfer function (MTF) measurements. The fixed pattern noise of some digital detectors result in different noise spectra, which influence the visibility of different IQIs, depending on the hole diameter. Studies, based on measurement of basic spatial resolution and contrast to noise ratio were performed together with presampled MTF measurements and the NNPS in dependence on the spatial frequency. Plate hole IQIs, step hole IQIs, and equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS) IQIs based on ASTM E 746 were measured to verify the influence of the different parameters. Modelling of digital images was used to verify the applied numeric tools. A study has been performed for imaging plates and digital detector arrays to analyse differences. Formulas for the prediction of the visibility functions for hole type IQIs are derived. In consequence the standards for characterization and classification of computed radiography (ASTM E 2446) and radiography with DDAs (ASTM E 2597) need to be revised.
T2 - 12th ECNDT 2018
CY - Gothenburg, Sweden
DA - 11.06.2018
KW - Image evaluation
KW - Computed radiography (CR)
KW - Digital Detector Array (DDA)
KW - Detail detection
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-473486
UR - www.ndt.net/?id=22967
SN - 1435-4934
VL - 23
IS - 8
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - NDT.net
CY - Kirchwald
AN - OPUS4-47348
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe
A1 - Zhang, F.
A1 - Long, N.X.
A1 - Phong, N.
T1 - Essentielle Parameter zur numerischen Abschätzung der Sichtbarkeit von Bildgüteprüfkörpern in der digitalen Radiographie
N2 - Die Voraussetzungen für die Vorhersage der Sichtbarkeit von Bildgüteprüfkörpern (BPK) wurden seit Beginn der kommerziellen Anwendung der technischen Radiographie diskutiert und in diversen nationalen und internationalen Standards festgeschrieben. Diese Fragen werden nach Einführung der digitalen Radiographie und der CT wieder neu diskutiert. Draht BPKs wurden in Deutschland seit 1935 (DIN 1915: 1935) und später in den meisten europäischen Ländern benutzt. In den USA und Frankreich wurden vorzugsweise BPKs mit Löchern verwendet (ASTM E 1025 seit 1984 oder E 1742 seit 1992 bzw. die Vorgängernorm MIL STD-543 seit 1962). Jetzt werden auch die Umrechnungsnormen zur Erkennbarkeit von Draht zu Loch-BPKs in Frage gestellt. ISO 19232-3, der französische RCCM-Kode einerseits und ASTM E 747 und ASME BPVC Section V Tab. T-276 andererseits unterscheiden sich erheblich bei den Anforderungen im Bereich hoher Wandstärken (Hochenergieradiographie). Untersuchungen dazu werden vorgestellt. Mit Einführung der digitalen Detektoren ändern sich auch die Rauschspektren. Durch die Herstellung werden insbesondere bei Speicherfolien "Rauschmuster" eingeprägt, die bei hohen Belichtungsdosen sichtbar werden. Diese veränderten Rauschspektren ergeben auch veränderte Erkennungsparameter für menschliche Bildauswerter. Hierzu wurden an ausgewählten Detektoren MTFs (presampled) und normierte Rauschspektren gemessen. Erweiterte Erkennbarkeits-Formeln zur Vorhersage der Sichtbarkeit von BPKs für Bildauswerter und erste Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt.
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2018
CY - Leipzig, Germany
DA - 07.05.2018
KW - Image quality
KW - Computed radiography (CR)
KW - Digital Detector Array (DDA),
KW - Sichtbarkeit von Anzeigen
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-473496
UR - www.ndt.net/?id=23069
VL - 2018
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP)
AN - OPUS4-47349
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Brückner, B.
A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe
T1 - Spektroskopie gepulster Röntgenquellen
N2 - Spektren von gepulsten Röntgenquellen wie Blitzröhren, Linearbeschleuniger (LINACs) oder Betatrons lassen sich in der Literatur nicht finden. Eine gängige Lehrmeinung ist, dass sich solche Spektren nicht messen lassen. Deshalb wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt und neuester Messtechnik diese Problematik untersucht. Es wurde ein CeBr3-Szintillator-Kristall mit einem klassischen Photoelektronenvervielfacher (PMT) und einer analogen Übertragungskette verwendet, der über Stunden Integrationszeit nur einen sehr geringen Untergrund detektiert. Als kritischter Punkt stellte sich die geeignete Kollimierung von Quelle und Detektor bei möglichst großem Abstand heraus. Zu diesem Zweck wurde das verwendete 7 MeV-Betatron in einen 3t-Bleibunker betrieben, der ein Austrittsloch von 1 mm für die erzeugte Röntgenstrahlung besaß. Der Detektor wurde mit einem Densimet-Zylinder abgeschirmt. Damit konnte die Bedingung für die Spektroskopie gepulster Quellen erreicht werden: pro Puls darf nur 1 Photon den Detektorkristall erreichen, damit ohne Pile-up seine Energie vermessen werden kann. Trotz schnellster Elektronik war es nicht möglich, mehere Photonen pro Röntgenpuls (beim Betatron ca. 1 Mikrosekunde) spektral richtig aufzulösen. Die gemessenen Spektren zeigen die erwartete Form, wie sie z.B. mit aRTist simuliert werden können.
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2018
CY - Leipzig, Germany
DA - 07.05.2018
KW - Spektroskopie
KW - Betatron
KW - Röntgenblitzröhre
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-473505
SP - 1
EP - 2
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP)
AN - OPUS4-47350
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brzeska, J.
A1 - Elert, Anna Maria
A1 - Morawska, M.
A1 - Sikorska, W.
A1 - Kowalczuk, M.
A1 - Rutkowska, M.
T1 - Branched Polyurethanes Based on Synthetic Polyhydroxybutyrate with Tunable Structure and Properties
N2 - Branched, aliphatic polyurethanes (PURs) were synthesized and compared to linear analogues. The influence of polycaprolactonetriol and synthetic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (R,S-PHB) in soft segments on structure, thermal and sorptive properties of PURs was determined.
Using FTIR and Raman spectroscopies it was found that increasing the R,S-PHB amount in the structure of branched PURs reduced a tendency of urethane groups to hydrogen bonding. Melting enthalpies (on DSC thermograms) of both soft and hard segments of linear PURs were higher than branched PURs, suggesting that linear PURs were more crystalline. Oil sorption by samples of linear and branched PURs, containing only polycaprolactone chains in soft segments, was higher than in the case of samples with R,S-PHB in their structure. Branched PUR without R,S-PHB absorbed the highest amount of oil. Introducing R,S-PHB into the PUR structure increased water sorption.
Thus, by operating the number of branching and the amount of poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) in soft segments thermal and sorptive properties of aliphatic PURs could be controlled.
KW - IR
KW - Polyurethane
KW - PUR
KW - RAMAN
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-457087
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10080826
VL - 10
IS - 8
SP - 826, 1
EP - 12
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-45708
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chandra, K.
A1 - Kranzmann, Axel
T1 - High temperature oxidation of 9–12% Cr ferritic/martensitic steels under dual-environment conditions
N2 - In normal operations, the opposite surfaces of the power plant components are exposed to two different environments, i.e. air/flue gas on the one side and steam on the other side. Exposure under such dual-environment can lead to accelerated corrosion of the components on the air side. The oxidation behaviour of ferritic/martensitic steel T92 was investigated under dual-environment in a specially designed test equipment. The samples were exposed to dry oxyfuel flue gas (CO2–27%N2–2%O2–1%SO2) on one side and to steam on the other side up to 1000 h at 650°C. The formation of oxide scales was characterised by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with attached energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Oxidation rate of specimens under dual-Environment condition was almost three times higher than that in single-environment condition. This is explained based on hydrogen transport through the bulk alloy from the steam side to the flue gas side.
KW - Oxidation
KW - Dual-environment
KW - Oxyfuel
KW - Ferritic/martensitic steel
KW - Steam
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-457101
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2017.1374049
VL - 53
IS - 31
SP - 27
EP - 33
PB - Taylor & Francis
AN - OPUS4-45710
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schreier, Andy
A1 - Wosniok, Aleksander
A1 - Liehr, Sascha
A1 - Krebber, Katerina
T1 - Humidity-induced Brillouin frequency shift in perfluorinated polymer optical fibers
N2 - We report, to our knowledge, for the first time on humidity-induced Brillouin frequency shifts in perfluorinated graded index polymer optical fibers. A linear relation between Brillouin frequency shift and humidity was observed. Furthermore, the humidity coefficient of the Brillouin frequency shift is demonstrated to be a function of temperature (-107 to -64 kHz/%r.h. or -426 to -49 kHz m3/g in the range of 20 to 60 °C). An analytical description proves temperature and humidity as two mutually independent effects on the Brillouin frequency shift.
KW - Brillouin
KW - Polymer optical fibre
KW - Humidity
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-457165
DO - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.022307
SN - 1094-4087
VL - 26
IS - 17
SP - 22307
EP - 22314
PB - Optical Society of America
AN - OPUS4-45716
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sut, Aleksandra
A1 - Metzsch-Zilligen, E.
A1 - Großhauser, M.
A1 - Pfaendner, R.
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
T1 - Rapid mass calorimeter as a high-throughput screening method for the development of flame-retarded TPU
N2 - The rapid mass calorimeter (RMC) was used as a screening tool based on accelerated fire testing to assess flame-retarded thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The reliability of RMC results was proven with the cone calorimeter as reference fire test. The influence of melamine cyanurate (MC) concentration on the fire performance of TPU was investigated, along with some flame-retardant combinations such as MC with aluminium diethylphosphinate (AlPi), aluminium trihydrate (ATH), and melamine polyphosphate (MPP). The two-stage burning behaviour of TPU was investigated in detail; the first stage corresponds mainly to the hard segments' decomposition and has a much lower effective heat of combustion (EHC) than the second stage, in which mainly the soft segments decompose and an intensive liquid pool fire is observed in the cone calorimeter set-up. In addition to fire testing with the cone calorimeter, RMC, and UL 94 flammability tests, the decomposition of the materials was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with infrared spectrometry (TGeFTIR). TPU/MC/AlPi shows the most promising results, achieving V-0 classification in UL 94 and reducing the extreme peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the liquid pool fire from 3154 kW/m2 to 635 kW/m2. Using MC/AlPi/MPP enhances the latter PHRR reduction further. The decomposition products identified in the gas phase via TGeFTIR reveal specific MCeAlPi eMPP interactions, as they differ from products seen in systems with MC/AlPi or MC/MPP. Correlations between RMC and cone calorimeter results were examined and presented in the final part of the paper. Several characteristics correlate strongly, pointing out that RMC is a reliable high-throughput fire testing method to screen multicomponent flame-retardant solutions in TPU.
KW - Thermoplastic polyurethane
KW - Flame retardancy
KW - Rapid mass calorimeter
KW - High throughput screening
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-456982
SN - 0141-3910
SN - 1873-2321
VL - 156
SP - 43
EP - 58
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-45698
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Velencoso, M. M.
A1 - Battig, Alexander
A1 - Markwart, J. C.
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
A1 - Wurm, F. R.
T1 - Molecular firefighting – How modern phosphorus chemistry can help solve the challenge of flame retardancy
N2 - The ubiquity of polymeric materials in daily life Comes with an increased fire risk, and sustained research into efficient flame retardants is key to ensuring the safety of the populace and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus, a versatile and effective element for use in flame retardants, has the potential to supersede the halogenated variants that are still widely used today: current formulations employ a variety of modes of action and methods of implementation, as additives or as reactants, to solve the task of developing flameretarding polymeric materials. Phosphorus-based flame retardants can act in both the gas and condensed phase during a fire. This Review investigates how current phosphorus chemistry helps in reducing the flammability of polymers, and addresses the future of sustainable, efficient, and safe phosphorus-based flame-retardants from renewable sources.
KW - Flame retardant
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Halogen-free
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-457009
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201711735
SN - 1433-7851
SN - 1521-3773
VL - 57
IS - 33
SP - 10450
EP - 10467
PB - Wiley VHC
AN - OPUS4-45700
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Otremba, Frank
A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A.
A1 - Lozano Guzmán, A. A.
T1 - Modelling of a Partially Loaded Road Tanker during a Braking-in-a-Turn Maneuver
N2 - This paper describes a theoretical model to simulate the effects of a sloshing cargo on the safety performance of a vehicle that performs a braking-in-a-turn maneuver when travels at a partial fill level. The fundamental assumption of the model consists of the superposition of the effects of two simplified mechanical-analogy models that represent a liquid cargo on a vehicle, including one for the roll motion and another one for the pitch motion. The distinctive characteristics of the mechanical models, however, is that they are based upon a validated formulation to establish the properties of the pendulum (length).
The results suggest a small effect of the sloshing cargo on the braking efficiency of the cargo, while the load transfer is moderately affected. However, such results should be put into a perspective, according to which such small variations can represent the avoidance of a rear-end crash or a rollover. In this respect, a specialized ABS system could be considered to improve the performance of such kind of vehicles when performing such maneuvers.
Validation of the proposed methodology should be performed as a continuation of this research effort.
KW - ABS
KW - Braking-in-a-turn maneuver
KW - Cargo sloshing
KW - Road tankers
KW - Load transfer
KW - Simulation
KW - Turning maneuvers
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-456908
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/act7030045
VL - 7
IS - 45
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-45690
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Davis, Hannah E.
A1 - Meconcelli, Stefania
A1 - Radek, R.
A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter
T1 - Termites shape their collective behavioural response based on stage of infection
N2 - Social insects employ a range of behaviours to protect their colonies against disease, but little is known about how such collective behaviours are orchestrated. This is especially true for the social Blattodea (termites). We developed an experimental approach that allowed us to explore how the social response to disease is co-ordinated by multistep host-pathogen interactions. We infected the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, and then, at different stages of infection, reintroduced them to healthy nestmates and recorded behavioural responses. As expected, termites groomed pathogen-exposed individuals significantly more than controls; however, grooming was significantly elevated after fungal germination than before, demonstrating the importance of fungal status to hygienic behaviour. Significantly, we found that cannibalism became prevalent only after exposed termites became visibly ill, highlighting the importance of host condition as a cue for social hygienic behaviour. Our study reveals the presence of a coordinated social response to disease that depends on stage of infection. Specifically, we show how the host may play a key role in triggering its own sacrifice. Sacrificial self-flagging has been observed in other social insects: our results demonstrate that termites have independently evolved to both recognize and destructively respond to sickness.
KW - Social
KW - Immunity
KW - Cannibalism
KW - Entomopathogen
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-463239
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32721-7
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 8
SP - 14433, 1
EP - 10
PB - Nature
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-46323
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bertovic, Marija
T1 - Assessing and Treating Risks in Mechanised NDT: A Human Factors Study
N2 - Reliability of NDT is affected by human factors, which have thus far received the least amount of attention in the reliability assessments. With increased use of automation, in terms of mechanised testing (automation-assisted inspection and the corresponding evaluation of data), higher reliability standards are believed to have been achieved. However, human inspectors, and thus human factors, still play an important role throughout this process and the risks involved in this application are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore for the first time the risks associated with mechanised NDT and find ways of mitigating their effects on the inspection performance. Hence, the objectives were to identify and Analyse potential risks in mechanised NDT and devise measures against them. To address those objectives, a risk assessment in form of a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was conducted. This analysis revealed potential for failure during both the acquisition and evaluation of NDT data that could be assigned to human, technology, and organisation. Since the existing preventive measures were judged to be insufficient to defend the system from identified failures, new preventive measures were suggested.
KW - NDT
KW - Human factors
KW - Risk assessment
KW - FMEA
KW - Reliability
KW - Human error
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-463325
SN - 1616-069X
IS - 161
SP - 52
EP - 62
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-46332
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abbas, Ioana M.
A1 - Vranic, M.
A1 - Hoffmann, Holger
A1 - El-Khatib, Ahmed H.
A1 - Montes-Bayón, M.
A1 - Möller, H. M.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Investigations of the copper peptide hepcidin-25 by LC-MS/MS and NMR (+)
N2 - Hepcidin-25 was identified as the main iron regulator in the human body, and it by binds to the sole iron-exporter ferroportin. Studies showed that the N-terminus of hepcidin is responsible for this interaction, the same N-terminus that encompasses a small copper(II)-binding site known as the ATCUN (amino-terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-binding) motif. Interestingly, this copper-binding property is largely ignored in most papers dealing with hepcidin-25. In this context, detailed investigations of the complex formed between hepcidin-25 and copper could reveal insight into its biological role. The present work focuses on metal-bound hepcidin-25 that can be considered the biologically active form. The first part is devoted to the reversed-phase chromatographic separation of copper-bound and copper-free hepcidin-25 achieved by applying basic mobile phases containing 0.1% ammonia. Further, mass spectrometry (tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), high-resolution mass spectrometry HRMS)) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the copper-peptide. Lastly, a three-dimensional (3D)model of hepcidin-25with bound copper(II) is presented. The identification of metal complexes and potential isoforms and isomers, from which the latter usually are left undetected by mass spectrometry, led to the conclusion that complementary analytical methods are needed to characterize a peptide calibrant or reference material comprehensively. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and chiral amino acid analysis (AAA) should be considered among others.
KW - Metalloprotein
KW - Peptide
KW - Chromatography
KW - High pH
KW - Mobile phase
KW - Metrology
KW - Purity
KW - Reference material
KW - ATCUN
KW - Copper
KW - Nickel
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-457796
UR - http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/8/2271
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082271
SN - 1422-0067
VL - 19
IS - 8
SP - 2271, 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-45779
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -