TY - JOUR
A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine
A1 - Munsch, Sarah Mandy
A1 - Telong, Melissa
A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram
A1 - Bintz, Thilo
A1 - Fladt, Matthias
A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig
T1 - The NMR core analyzing TOMograph: A multi-functional tool for non-destructive testing of building materials
N2 - NMR is becoming increasingly popular for the investigation of building materials as it is a non-invasive technology that does not require any sample preparation nor causes damage to the material. Depending on the specific application it can offer insights into properties like porosity and spatial saturation degree as well as pore structure. Moreover it enables the determination of moisture transport properties and the (re-)distribution of internal moisture into different reservoirs or chemical phases upon damage and curing. However, as yet most investigations were carried out using devices originally either designed for geophysical applications or the analysis of rather homogeneous small scale (< 10 mL) samples. This paper describes the capabilities of an NMR tomograph, which has been specifically optimized for the investigation of larger, heterogeneous building material samples (diameters of up to 72 mm, length of up to 700 mm) with a high flexibility due to interchangeable coils allowing for a high SNR and short echo times (50 - 80 m s).
KW - Fire spalling
KW - Moisture transport
KW - Concrete
KW - Cement hydration
KW - Sensitivity
KW - Supplementary cementitous materials
KW - Frost salt attack
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-573755
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrl.2023.03.004
SN - 2097-0048
VL - 3
IS - 3
SP - 207
EP - 219
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-57375
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram
A1 - Kanjee, J.
A1 - Motukwa, G.
A1 - Olonade, K.
A1 - Dodoo, A.
T1 - A snapshot review of future‑oriented standards for cement, admixtures, and concrete: How Africa can spearhead the implementation of green urban construction materials
N2 - The existing cement and concrete standards are not capable of making full use of the current technology capacity due to strong focus on conventional concrete and thus they are not fit for the current and future challenges of construction industry. The paper highlights shortcomings with regard to the implementation of the existing standards. It can be seen that future-oriented standards are generally required to contribute to a lower-carbon footprint of the industry. These changes are significantly more relevant in sub-Saharan Africa, due to the rapidly increasing urbanisation challenge and the enormous potentials to develop lower-carbon technologies than elsewhere in the world.
KW - Future‑oriented standards
KW - Green urban construction
KW - Cement
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582563
DO - https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-023-00563-9
SN - 2731-5894
VL - 4
IS - 8
SP - 557
EP - 565
PB - Springer International Publishing
CY - Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham
AN - OPUS4-58256
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pott, U.
A1 - Crasselt, Claudia
A1 - Fobbe, N.
A1 - Haist, M.
A1 - Heinemann, M.
A1 - Hellmann, S.
A1 - Ivanov, D.
A1 - Jakob, C.
A1 - Jansen, D.
A1 - Lei, L.
A1 - Li, R.
A1 - Link, J.
A1 - Lowke, D.
A1 - Mechtcherine, V.
A1 - Neubauer, J.
A1 - Nicia, D.
A1 - Plank, J.
A1 - Reißig, S.
A1 - Schäfer, T.
A1 - Schilde, C.
A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram
A1 - Schröfl, C.
A1 - Sowoidnich, T.
A1 - Strybny, B.
A1 - Ukrainczyk, N.
A1 - Wolf, J.
A1 - Xiao, P.
A1 - Stephan, D.
T1 - Characterization data of reference materials used for phase II of the priority program DFG SPP 2005 “Opus Fluidum Futurum –Rheology of reactive, multiscale, multiphase construction materials”
N2 - A thorough characterization of base materials is the prereq- uisite for further research. In this paper, the characterization data of the reference materials (CEM I 42.5 R, limestone pow- der, calcined clay and a mixture of these three components) used in the second funding phase of the priority program 2005 of the German Research Foundation (DFG SPP 2005) are presented under the aspects of chemical and min- eralogical composition as well as physical and chemical properties. The data were collected based on tests performed by up to eleven research groups involved in this cooperative program.
KW - Portland cement
KW - Limestone powder
KW - Calcined clay
KW - Sustainable cement
KW - DFG SPP 2005
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569913
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.108902
VL - 47
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-56991
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Robens-Radermacher, Annika
A1 - Unger, Jörg F.
A1 - Mezhov, Alexander
A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram
ED - Biondini, F.
ED - Frangopo, D. M.
T1 - Temperature dependent modelling approach for early age behavior of printable mortars
N2 - Structural build-up describes the stability and early-age strength development of fresh mortar used in 3D printing. lt is influenced by several factors, i.e. the composition of the print able material, the printing regime, and the ambient conditions. The existing modelling approaches for structural build-up usually define the model parameters for a specific material composition with out considering the influence of the ambient conditions. The goal of this contribution is to explicitly include the temperature dependency in the modelling approach. Temperature changes have signifi cant impact on the structural build-up process: an increase of the temperature leads to a faster dissol ution of cement phases and accelerates hydration. The proposed extended model includes temperature dependency using the Arrhenius theory. The new model parameters are successfully calibrated based on Viskomat measurement data using Bayesian inference. Furthermore, a higher impact of the temperature in the re-flocculation as in the structuration stage is observed.
T2 - The Eighth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE 2023)
CY - Milano, Italien
DA - 02.07.2023
KW - 3D concrete printing
KW - Material characterization
KW - Structural build-up
KW - Thixotropy
KW - Model calibration
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582175
SN - 978-1-003-32302-0
DO - https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003323020-146
SN - 978-1-003-32302-0
VL - 1st Edition
SP - 1193
EP - 1200
PB - CRC Press
AN - OPUS4-58217
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Andresen, Elina
A1 - Islam, Fahima
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Gehrmann, P.
A1 - Licha, K.
A1 - Roik, Janina
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Assessing the reproducibility and up‑scaling of the synthesis of Er,Yb‑doped NaYF4‑based upconverting nanoparticles and control of size, morphology, and optical properties
N2 - Lanthanide-based, spectrally shifting, and multi-color luminescent upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have received much attention in the last decades because of their applicability as reporter for bioimaging, super-resolution microscopy, and sensing as well as barcoding and anti-counterfeiting tags. A prerequisite for the broad application of UCNPs in areas such as sensing and encoding are simple, robust, and easily upscalable synthesis protocols that yield large quantities of UCNPs with sizes of 20 nm or more with precisely controlled and tunable physicochemical properties from lowcost reagents with a high reproducibility. In this context, we studied the reproducibility, robustness, and upscalability of the synthesis of β-NaYF4:Yb, Er UCNPs via thermal decomposition. Reaction parameters included solvent, precursor chemical compositions, ratio, and concentration. The resulting UCNPs were then examined regarding their application-relevant physicochemical properties such as size, size distribution, morphology, crystal phase, chemical composition, and photoluminescence.
Based on these screening studies, we propose a small volume and high-concentration synthesis approach that can provide UCNPs with different, yet controlled size, an excellent phase purity and tunable morphology in batch sizes of up to at least 5 g which are well suited for the fabrication of sensors, printable barcodes or authentication and recycling tags.
KW - Photoluminescence
KW - Nano
KW - Nanomaterial
KW - Synthesis
KW - Reproducibility
KW - Upconversion nanoparticle
KW - Lanthanide
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570170
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28875-8
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 13
AN - OPUS4-57017
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pérez Blanes, H.
A1 - Ghiasi, Pouria
A1 - Sandkühler, J.
A1 - Yesilcicek, Yasemin
A1 - Pentzien, Simone
A1 - Conradi, Andrea
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Al-Sabbagh, Dominik
A1 - Thünemann, Andreas
A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem
A1 - Witt, Julia
T1 - High CO2 reduction activity on AlCrCoCuFeNi multi-principal element alloy nanoparticle electrocatalysts prepared by means of pulsed laser ablation
N2 - Noble metal-free nanoparticles (NPs) based on multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) were synthesized using a one-step pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLALs) method for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Laser ablation was performed in pure water or poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)-containing an aqueous solution of Al8Cr17Co17Cu8Fe17Ni33 MPEA targets. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements combined with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping were used to characterize the structure and composition of the laser-generated MPEA nanoparticles (MPEA-NPs). These results confirmed the presence of a characteristic elemental distribution of a core-shell phase structure as the predominant NP species. The electrocatalytic performance of the laser-generated MPEA-NPs was characterized by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) demonstrating an enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 activity for PDADMAC-stabilized NPs. The findings of these investigations indicate that MPEAs have great potential to replace conventional, expensive noble metal electrocatalysts.
KW - Metals and Alloys
KW - Surfaces
KW - Biomaterials
KW - Ceramics and Composites
KW - Coatings and Films
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588218
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.05.143
SN - 2238-7854
VL - 24
SP - 9434
EP - 9440
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-58821
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nguyen, H. G.
A1 - Toman, B.
A1 - van Zee, R.
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Thommes, M.
A1 - Ahmad, R.
A1 - Kiska, D.
A1 - Salinger, J.
A1 - Walton, I.
A1 - Walton, K.
A1 - Broom, D.
A1 - Benham, M.
A1 - Ansari, H.
A1 - Pini, R.
A1 - Petit, C.
A1 - Adolphs, J.
A1 - Schreiber, A.
A1 - Shigeoka, T.
A1 - Konishi, Y.
A1 - Nakai, K.
A1 - Henninger, M.
A1 - Petrzik, T.
A1 - Kececi, C.
A1 - Martis, V.
A1 - Paschke, T.
A1 - Mangano, E.
A1 - Brandani, S.
T1 - Reference isotherms for water vapor sorption on nanoporous carbon: results of an interlaboratory study
N2 - This paper reports the results of an international interlaboratory study sponsored by the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) and led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on the measurement of water vapor sorption isotherms at 25 °C on a pelletized nanoporous carbon (BAM-P109, a certified reference material). Thirteen laboratories participated in the study and contributed nine pure water vapor isotherms and four relative humidity isotherms, using nitrogen as the carrier gas. From these data, reference isotherms, along with the 95% uncertainty interval (Uk=2), were determined and are reported in a tabular format.
KW - BAM-P109
KW - Interlaboratory study
KW - Nanoporous carbon
KW - Reference isotherm
KW - VAMAS
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576560
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-023-00383-1
SN - 0929-5607
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer
CY - Heidelberg
AN - OPUS4-57656
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dayani, Shahabeddin
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas
A1 - Schmidt, Anita
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Quantification of the Deep Discharge Induced Asymmetric Copper Deposition in Lithium‐Ion Cells by Operando Synchrotron X‐Ray Tomography
N2 - AbstractLithium‐ion cells connected in series are prone to an electrical safety risk called overdischarge. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the overdischarge phenomenon in lithium‐ion cells using operando nondestructive imaging. The study focuses on understanding the behavior of copper dissolution and deposition during overdischarge, which can lead to irreversible capacity loss and internal short‐circuits. By utilizing synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography (SXCT), the concentration of dissolved and deposited copper per surface area is quantified as a function of depth of discharge, confirming previous findings. The results also highlight for the first time a nonuniform distribution pattern for copper deposition on the cathode. This research provides insights for safer battery cell design.
KW - Lithium Ion Batteries
KW - Deep Discharge
KW - Computer Tomography
KW - Copper Deposition
KW - Litium Ion Cells
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-592717
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202301246
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-59271
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pérez Blanes, H.
A1 - Ghiasi, P.
A1 - Sandkühler, J.
A1 - Yesilcicek, Yasemin
A1 - Pentzien, Simone
A1 - Conradi, Andrea
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Al-Sabbagh, Dominik
A1 - Thünemann, Andreas
A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem
A1 - Witt, Julia
T1 - High CO2 reduction activity on AlCrCoCuFeNi multi-principal element alloy nanoparticle electrocatalysts prepared by means of pulsed laser ablation
N2 - Noble metal-free nanoparticles (NPs) based on multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) were synthesized using a one-step pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLALs) method for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Laser ablation was performed in pure water or poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)-containing an aqueous solution of Al8Cr17Co17Cu8Fe17Ni33 MPEA targets. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements combined with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping were used to characterize the structure and composition of the laser-generated MPEA nanoparticles (MPEA-NPs). These results confirmed the presence of a characteristic elemental distribution of a core-shell phase structure as the predominant NP species. The electrocatalytic performance of the laser-generated MPEA-NPs was characterized by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) demonstrating an enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 activity for PDADMAC-stabilized NPs. The findings of these investigations indicate that MPEAs have great potential to replace conventional, expensive noble metal electrocatalysts.
KW - Multi-principal element alloys
KW - Chemically Complex Materials
KW - CCMat
KW - Electrocatalysis
KW - Carbon dioxide reduction
KW - Pulsed laser ablation
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594018
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.05.143
VL - 24
SP - 9434
EP - 9440
PB - Elsevier BV
AN - OPUS4-59401
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tavasolyzadeh, Zeynab
A1 - Tang, Peng
A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin
A1 - Hweidi, Gada
A1 - Nordholt, Niclas
A1 - Haag, Rainer
A1 - Sturm, Heinz
A1 - Topolniak, Ievgeniia
T1 - 2D and 3D Micropatterning of Mussel‐Inspired Functional Materials by Direct Laser Writing
N2 - AbstractThis work addresses the critical need for multifunctional materials and substrate‐independent high‐precision surface modification techniques that are essential for advancing microdevices and sensing elements. To overcome existing limitations, the versatility of mussel‐inspired materials (MIMs) is combined with state‐of‐the‐art multiphoton direct laser writing (DLW) microfabrication. In this way, 2D and 3D MIM microstructures of complex designs are demonstrated with sub‐micron to micron resolution and extensive post‐functionalization capabilities. This study includes polydopamine (PDA), mussel‐inspired linear, and dendritic polyglycerols (MI‐lPG and MI‐dPG), allowing their direct microstructure on the substrate of choice with the option to tailor the patterned topography and morphology in a controllable manner. The functionality potential of MIMs is demonstrated by successfully immobilizing and detecting single‐stranded DNA on MIM micropattern and nanoarray surfaces. In addition, easy modification of MIM microstructure with silver nanoparticles without the need of any reducing agent is shown. The methodology developed here enables the integration of MIMs in advanced applications where precise surface functionalization is essential.
KW - Direct laser writing
KW - Mussel-inspired materials
KW - Polyglycerol
KW - Polydopamine
KW - Micropatterning
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588778
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202309394
SN - 1613-6829
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-58877
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fritzsche, Sven
A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard
A1 - Weimann, Christiane
A1 - Sturm, Heinz
T1 - First of its kind: A test artifact for direct laser writing
N2 - With femtosecond-laser direct writing (fs-LDW) maturing in all aspects as a manufacturing technology, a toolset for quality assurance must be developed. In this work we introduce a first of its kind test artifact. Test artifacts are standardized 3D models with specific geometric features to evaluate the performance of writing parameters. Test artifacts are already common in other 3D additive manufacturing technologies e.g. selective laser melting. The test artifact introduced in this work was developed in particular to accommodate the high geometrical resolution of fs-LDW structures and the limited possibilities to examine the resulting structure. Geometric accuracy, surface adhesion as well as confocal Raman spectroscopy results were considered when evaluating the design of the test artifact. We will explain the individual features and design considerations of our fs-LDW test artifact. The difference between two slicers, Cura and 3DPoli, and the implications on measured feature sizes and the general shape is quantified. The measured geometries are used to derive a general design guide for a specific combination of photoresists, laser power and scanning speed and to analyze the geometric accuracy of a structure produced using these guidelines. The shown test artifact is publicly available as STL file on GitHub (https://github.com/BAMresearch/2PP-TestArtifact) and in the supplement.
KW - Laser direct writing
KW - Multi photon lithography
KW - Reference material
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - Confocal raman imaging
KW - Slicers
KW - Open data on zenodo
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-580951
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/acc47a
VL - 34
IS - 7
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - IOP Science
AN - OPUS4-58095
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
ED - Schraut, Katharina
ED - Adamczyk, Burkart
ED - Adam, Christian
ED - Stephan, D.
ED - Simon, Sebastian
ED - von Werder, Julia
ED - Meng, Birgit
T1 - Production of a hydraulic material from post treated steelmaking slags
N2 - Steelmaking slag is a by-product of steel production, of which 4.5 Mt were produced in 2020 in Germany alone. It is mainly used in road construction, earthwork and hydraulic engineering. A smaller part is returned to the metallurgical cycle, used as fertiliser or landfilled.
With this use, iron oxides still contained in steelmaking slag are lost. In addition, the possibility of producing higher-grade products from steelmaking slag is foregone. In recent decades, many researchers have investigated the production of Portland cement clinker and crude iron from basic oxygen furnace slags (BOFS) via a reductive treatment. Carbothermal treatment of liquid BOFS causes a reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, which separates from the mineral phase due to its higher density. Simultaneously, the chemical composition of the reduced slag is adapted to that of Portland cement clinker.
In this study, German BOFS was reduced in a small-scale electric arc furnace using petrol coke as a reducing agent. The resulting low-iron mineral product has a similar chemical composition to Portland cement clinker and was rich in the tricalcium silicate solid solution alite (Ca3SiO5). Based on its chemical and mineralogical composition, similar to that of Portland cement clinker, the reduced BOFS has the potential to react comparably. In our study, the reduced BOFS produced less hydration heat than OPC, and its hydraulic reaction was delayed. However, adding gypsum has shown to accelerate the hydration rate of the reduced BOFS compared to that known from the calcium silicates of Portland cement clinker.
Further research to improve the hydraulic properties of the reduced slag is essential. If successful, producing a hydraulic binder and crude iron from BOFS has economic and ecological benefits for both the cement and steel industries.
T2 - The 16th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement 2023 (ICCC2023)
CY - Bangkok, Thailand
DA - 18.09.2023
KW - Steelmaking slag
KW - Alite
KW - Clinker substitute
KW - Hydraulic reactivity
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-590522
UR - https://www.iccc-online.org/archive/
SP - 432
EP - 436
CY - Bangkok
AN - OPUS4-59052
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Choi, Ching-Yi
A1 - Lossada, F.
A1 - Walter, K.
A1 - Fleck-Kunde, T.
A1 - Behrens, S.
A1 - Meinelt, T.
A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana
A1 - Hiller, M.
A1 - Oschkinat, H.
A1 - Dallmann, A.
A1 - Taden, A.
A1 - Börner, H.G.
T1 - Organic transformation of lignin into mussel-inspired glues: next-generation 2K adhesive for setting corals under saltwater
N2 - The 2-methoxyphenol units (G-units) in lignin are modified by demethylation and oxidation to provide the activated lignin as one part of an advanced biobased two-component (2K) adhesive system, which exhibits promising shear strengths in dry and underwater applications. The activation of lignin is straightforward and generates quinones via demethylation and periodate oxidation. These act as Michael acceptors and react smoothly with multi-thiol-star polymers to yield thiol-catechol connectivities (TCCs). The mussel-inspired material platform acts as a very robust and versatile adhesive, combining low-cost and readily available lignin with multi-thiols to achieve outstanding adhesion strengths of up to 15 MPa in dry application. In particular, the 2K system is compatible with the marine biological environment and shows no acute toxicity to sensitive organisms such as fish eggs. Thus, one possible application of this material could be an adhesive for setting temperature-resistant corals in damaged reefs.
KW - Lignin modification
KW - Mussel-inspired adhesive systems
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594588
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3gc03680d
SN - 1463-9270
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - RSC
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-59458
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lisec, Jan
A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Vogel, Kristin
A1 - Koch, Matthias
A1 - Becker, Roland
T1 - eCerto—versatile software for interlaboratory data evaluation and documentation during reference material production
N2 - The statistical tool eCerto was developed for the evaluation of measurement data to assign property values and associated uncertainties of reference materials. The analysis is based on collaborative studies of expert laboratories and was implemented using the R software environment. Emphasis was put on comparability of eCerto with SoftCRM, a statistical tool based on the certification strategy of the former Community Bureau of Reference. Additionally, special attention was directed towards easy usability from data collection through processing, archiving, and reporting. While the effects of outlier removal can be flexibly explored, eCerto always retains the original data set and any manipulation such as outlier removal is (graphically and tabularly) documented adequately in the report. As a major reference materials producer, the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) developed and will maintain a tool to meet the needs of modern data processing, documentation requirements, and emerging fields of RM activity. The main features of eCerto are discussed using previously certified reference materials.
KW - Reference material
KW - Statistics
KW - Software
KW - Collaborative trial
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-591851
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-05099-3
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-59185
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rappsilber, Tim
A1 - Yusfi, Nawar
A1 - Krüger, Simone
A1 - Hahn, S.-K.
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
T1 - Meta-analysis of heat release and smoke gas emission during thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries
N2 - Herein a meta-analysis of 76 experimental research papers from 2000 to 2021 is given about possible effects on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery cells. Data on the hazards of gas emissions and released heat are related to each other and differentiated by cell properties such as, cell geometry, cathode type or state of charge. Quantitative information on the total heat release in the range of 2.0–112.0 kJ Wh−1, the peak heat release rate in the range of 0.006–2.8 kW Wh−1and the smoke gas emission were extracted, normalized in terms of cell energy (Wh), combined in a data library and compared graphically. The total amount of gas emitted (3–48 mmol Wh−1) as well as the released amount of carbon monoxide (1–161 mg Wh−1) and hydrogen fluoride (2–197 mg Wh−1) were investigated as a function of the state of charge and cell geometry. The analysis reveals that the measured values are significantly influenced by the types of calorimeters and smoke gas analyzers used as well as by the type of thermal runaway trigger. This meta-analysis can serve as an important basis for any risk assessment of lithium-ion batteries.
KW - Lithium-ion battery
KW - Thermal runaway
KW - Cathode active material
KW - Heat release
KW - Smoke gas emission
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568071
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106579
SN - 2352-152X
VL - 60
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-56807
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Menga, D.
A1 - Wagner, F. E.
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
T1 - Life cycle of single atom catalysts: a Mo¨ssbauer study on degradation and reactivation of tetrapyrrolic Fe–N–C powders
N2 - The degradation of a single-site atomically dispersed, model Fe–N–C powder catalyst with high activity is investigated using cryo-Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results indicate a degradation initiated by an Fe2+ to Fe3+ oxidation due to coordination of oxygen to tetrapyrrolic Fe–N4 sites at atmospheric conditions (change between characteristic doublets) before iron(III) oxide is formed (sextet). Thermal reactivation can be used to restore substantial catalytic activity of aged Fe–N–C powders.
KW - Life cycle
KW - Atom catalysts
KW - Tetrapyrrolic Fe–N–C powders
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-586007
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3mh00308f
SN - 2051-6347
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-58600
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Menga, D.
A1 - Wagner, F. E.
A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
T1 - Life cycle of single atom catalysts: a Mössbauer study on degradation and reactivation of tetrapyrrolic Fe–N–C powders
N2 - The degradation of a single-site atomically dispersed, model Fe–N–C powder catalyst with high activity is investigated using cryo-Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results indicate a degradation initiated by an Fe2+ to Fe3+ oxidation due to coordination of oxygen to tetrapyrrolic Fe–N4 sites at atmospheric conditions (change between characteristic doublets) before iron(III) oxide is formed (sextet). Thermal reactivation can be used to restore substantial catalytic activity of aged Fe–N–C powders.
KW - Single atom catalysts
KW - Mössbauer study
KW - Tetrapyrrolic Fe–N–C powders
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-589352
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3mh00308f
VL - 10
SP - 5577
EP - 5583
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-58935
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Machado Ferreira de Araujo, F.
A1 - Duarte-Ruiz, D.
A1 - Saßnick, H.-D.
A1 - Gentzmann, Marie C.
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Cocchi, C.
T1 - Electronic Structure and Core Spectroscopy of Scandium Fluoride Polymorphs
N2 - Microscopic knowledge of the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of scandium fluoride is still incomplete despite the relevance of this material as an intermediate for the manufacturing of Al−Sc alloys. In a work based on first-principles calculations and X-ray spectroscopy, we assess the stability and electronic structure of six computationally predicted ScF3 polymorphs, two of which correspond to experimentally resolved single-crystal phases. In the theoretical analysis based on density functional theory (DFT), we identify similarities among the polymorphs based on their formation energies, chargedensity distribution, and electronic properties (band gaps and density of states). We find striking analogies between the results obtained for the ow- and high-temperature phases of the material, indirectly confirming that the transition occurring between them mainly consists of a rigid rotation of the lattice. With this knowledge, we examine the X-ray absorption spectra from the Sc and F K-edge contrasting firstprinciples results obtained from the solution of the Bethe−Salpeter equation on top of all-electron DFT with high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection measurements. Analysis of the computational results sheds light on the electronic origin of the absorption maxima and provides information on the prominent excitonic effects that characterize all spectra. A comparison with measurements confirms that the sample is mainly composed of the high- and low-temperature polymorphs of ScF3. However, some fine details in the experimental results suggest that the probed powder sample may contain defects and/or residual traces of metastable polymorphs.
KW - Scandium
KW - X-ray spectroscopy
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570727
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04357
SN - 0020-1669
VL - 62
IS - 10
SP - 4238
EP - 4247
PB - ACS Publications
CY - Washington DC
AN - OPUS4-57072
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ginés-Palomares, J.-C.
A1 - Fateri, M.
A1 - Schubert, T.
A1 - de Peindray d’Ambelle, L.
A1 - Simon, Sebastian
A1 - Gluth, Gregor
A1 - Günster, Jens
A1 - Zocca, Andrea
T1 - Material aspects of sintering of EAC-1A lunar regolith simulant
N2 - Future lunar exploration will be based on in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) techniques. The most abundant raw material on the Moon is lunar regolith, which, however, is very scarce on Earth, making the study of simulants a necessity. The objective of this study is to characterize and investigate the sintering behavior of EAC-1A lunar regolith simulant. The characterization of the simulant included the determination of the phase assemblage, characteristic temperatures determination and water content analysis. The results are discussed in the context of sintering experiments of EAC-1A simulant, which showed that the material can be sintered to a relative density close to 90%, but only within a very narrow range of temperatures (20–30 °C). Sintering experiments were performed for sieved and unsieved, as well as for dried and non-dried specimens of EAC-1A. In addition, an analysis of the densification and mechanical properties of the sintered specimens was done. The sintering experiments at different temperatures showed that the finest fraction of sieved simulant can reach a higher maximum sintering temperature, and consequently a higher densification and biaxial strength. The non-dried powder exhibited higher densification and biaxial strength after sintering compared to the dried specimen. This difference was explained with a higher green density of the non-dried powder during pressing, rather than due to an actual influence on the sintering mechanism. Nevertheless, drying the powder prior to sintering is important to avoid the overestimation of the strength of specimens to be fabricated on the Moon.
KW - Lunar regolith
KW - Ceramics
KW - Microstructure
KW - Sintering
KW - Softening temperature
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-592668
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50391-y
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Springer Nature
AN - OPUS4-59266
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Quackatz, Lukas
A1 - Griesche, Axel
A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas
T1 - Rapid solidification during welding of duplex stainless steels – in situ measurement of the chemical concentration by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
N2 - Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are frequently used, especially in applications requiring high strength combined with high corrosion resistance in aggressive media. Examples include power plant components and maritime structures. During welding of these steels, local variations in chemical composition can occur. This results in ferritization of the material and negatively affects the mechanical properties of the components. In this work, tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding experiments were performed with DSS. Chemical composition analysis was realized in situ by using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The aim of the work is to quantitatively measure the chemical composition in the weld seam of various DSS and to identify possible influences of welding parameters on the microstructure of the material. The chemical concentrations of the main alloying elements Cr, Ni, Mn on the surface of the sample during the welding process and the cooling process were measured. Mn and Ni are austenite stabilizers and their content increases during welding by using certain high alloyed filler material. Spectra were recorded every 1.3 s at a spacing of approximately 2 mm. During the cooling process the location of the measurement was not changed. The LIBS method is proofed to be suitable for the quantitative representation of the chemical compositions during the welding process.
T2 - ICASP-6
CY - Le Bischenberg, France
DA - 20.06.2022
KW - LIBS
KW - In situ measurement
KW - Duplex stainless steel
KW - TIG welding
KW - Evaporation
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571308
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1274/1/012018
VL - 1274
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - IOP Publishing
CY - Bristol
AN - OPUS4-57130
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Baglo, K.
A1 - Sauermoser, M.
A1 - Lid, M.
A1 - Paschke, T.
A1 - Bin Afif, A.
A1 - Lunzer, M.
A1 - Bock, Robert
A1 - Steinert, M.
A1 - Flaten, A.
A1 - Torgersen, J.
T1 - Overcoming the transport limitations of photopolymer-derived architected carbon
N2 - Photopolymer derived carbon grows in popularity, yet the range in available feature sizes is limited. Here we focus on expanding the field to low surface to volume ratio (SVR) structures. We describe a high temperature acrylic photopolymerizable precursor with FTIR and DSC and develop a thermal inert-gas treatment for producing architected carbon in the mm scale with SVR of 1.38 x10-3 μm-1. Based on TGA and MS, we distinguish two thermal regimes with activation energies of ~79 and 169 kJ mol-1, which we reason with mechanisms during the polymer’s morphologic conversion between 300 - 500 °C. The temperature range of the major dimensional shrinkage (300-440 °C, 50%) does not match the range of the largest alteration in elemental composition (440-600 °C, O/C 0.25-0.087%). The insights lead to an optimized thermal treatment with an initial ramp (2 °C min-1 to 350 °C), isothermal hold (14h), post hold ramp (0.5 °C min-1 to 440 °C) and final ramp (10 °C min-1 to 1000 °C). The resulting carbon structures are dimensionally stable, non-porous at the μm scale, and comprise an unprecedented variation in feature sizes (from mm to μm scale). The findings shall advance architected carbon to industrially relevant scales.
KW - Carbon
KW - Photopolymer
KW - Transport limitations
KW - Porous materials
KW - Additive manufacturing
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575038
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202300092
SN - 2365-709X
SP - 2300092
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
AN - OPUS4-57503
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gawek, Marcel
A1 - Omar, Hassan
A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina
A1 - Schönhals, Andreas
T1 - Growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of poly(2-vinylpyridine) - An indirect observation of desorption of polymers from substrates
N2 - The growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of poly(2-vinylpiridine) on silicon oxide is studied using a leaching technique which is based on the Guiselin brushes approach. The adsorbed layer is grown from a 200 nm thick P2VP film for several annealing time periods at different annealing temperatures. Then the film is solvent-leached, and the height of the remaining adsorbed layer is measured by atomic force microscopy. At the lowest annealing temperature only a linear growth regime is observed, followed by a plateau. Here, the molecular mobility of segments is too low to allow for a logarithmic growth. At higher annealing temperatures, both linear and logarithmic growth regimes are observed, followed by a plateau. At even higher annealing temperatures, the growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer changes.
A linear growth followed by logarithmic growth kinetics is observed for short annealing time periods. For longer annealing time periods, an upturn of the growth kinetics is observed. At the highest annealing temperature, only a logarithmic growth regime is found. The change in the growth kinetics is discussed by an alteration in the structure of the adsorbed layer. Moreover, the interaction between the polymer segments and the substrate becomes weaker due to both enthalpic and entropic effects. Therefore, at high annealing temperatures the polymer segments might more easily desorb from the substrate.
KW - Ultra thin polymer films
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575423
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sm00129f
SN - 1744-683X
SN - 1744-6848
VL - 19
IS - 21
SP - 3975
EP - 3982
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-57542
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Srivastava, Priyanka
A1 - Tavernaro, Isabella
A1 - Scholtz, Lena
A1 - Genger, C.
A1 - Welker, P.
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Dual color pH probes made from silica and polystyrene nanoparticles and their performance in cell studies
N2 - Ratiometric green–red fluorescent nanosensors for fluorometrically monitoring pH in the acidic range were designed from 80 nm-sized polystyrene (PS) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), red emissive reference dyes, and a green emissive naphthalimide pH probe, analytically and spectroscopically characterized, and compared regarding their sensing performance in aqueous dispersion and in cellular uptake studies. Preparation of these optical probes, which are excitable by 405 nm laser or LED light sources, involved the encapsulation of the pH-inert red-fuorescent dye Nile Red (NR) in the core of self-made carboxylated PSNPs by a simple swelling procedure and the fabrication of rhodamine B (RhB)-stained SiO2-NPs from a silane derivative of pH-insensitive RhB. Subsequently, the custom-made naphthalimide pH probe, that utilizes a protonation-controlled photoinduced electron transfer process, was covalently attached to the carboxylic acid groups at the surface of both types of NPs. Fluorescence microscopy studies with the molecular and nanoscale optical probes and A549 lung cancer cells confirmed the cellular uptake of all probes and their penetration into acidic cell compartments, i.e., the lysosomes, indicated by the switching ON of the green naphthalimide fluorescence. This underlines their suitability for intracellular pH sensing, with the SiO2-based nanosensor revealing the best performance regarding uptake speed and stability.
KW - Sensors
KW - Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles
KW - pH probe
KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy
KW - Cell studies
KW - Dye
KW - Particle synthesis
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569198
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28203-0
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
IS - 1
SP - 1321
EP - 1336
PB - Nature
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-56919
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Valentin, Jules D. P.
A1 - Altenried, Stefanie
A1 - Varadarajan, Adithi R.
A1 - Ahrens, Christian H.
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Webb, Jeremy S.
A1 - van der Mei, Henny C.
A1 - Ren, Qun
T1 - Identification of Potential Antimicrobial Targets of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms through a Novel Screening Approach
N2 - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of considerable medical importance, owing to its pronounced antibiotic tolerance and association with cystic fibrosis and other life-threatening diseases. The aim of this study was to highlight the genes responsible for P. aeruginosa biofilm tolerance to antibiotics and thereby identify potential new targets for the development of drugs against biofilm-related infections. By developing a novel screening approach and utilizing a public P. aeruginosa transposon insertion library, several biofilm-relevant genes were identified. The Pf phage gene (PA0720) and flagellin gene (fliC) conferred biofilm-specific tolerance to gentamicin. Compared with the reference biofilms, the biofilms formed by PA0720 and fliC mutants were completely eliminated with a 4-fold-lower gentamicin concentration. Furthermore, the mreC, pprB, coxC, and PA3785 genes were demonstrated to play major roles in enhancing biofilm tolerance to gentamicin. The analysis of biofilm-relevant genes performed in this study provides important novel insights into the understanding of P. aeruginosa antibiotic tolerance, which will facilitate the detection of antibiotic resistance and the development of antibiofilm strategies against P. aeruginosa.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Biofilms
KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570205
DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03099-22
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - ASM Journals
AN - OPUS4-57020
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chacón, Luz
A1 - Kuropka, B.
A1 - González-Tortuero, E.
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Rojas-Jiménez, K.
A1 - Rodríguez-Rojas, A.
T1 - Mechanisms of low susceptibility to the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride in a multidrug-resistant environmental isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila
N2 - Excessive discharge of quaternary ammoniumdisinfectants such as benzalkonium chloride (BAC) into aquatic systems can trigger several physiological responses in environmental microorganisms. In this study, we isolated a less-susceptible strain of Aeromonas hydrophila to BAC, designated as INISA09, froma wastewater treatment plant in Costa Rica. We characterized its phenotypic response upon exposure to three dierent concentrations of BAC and characterizedmechanisms related to its resistance using genomic and proteomic approaches. The genome of the strain, mapped against 52 dierent sequenced A. hydrophila strains, consists of approximately 4.6Mb with 4,273 genes. We found a massive genome rearrangement and thousands of missense mutations compared to the reference strain A. hydrophila ATCC 7966.
We identified 15,762 missense mutations mainly associated with transport, antimicrobial resistance, and outer membrane proteins.
In addition, a quantitative proteomic analysis revealed a significant upregulation of several efflux pumps and the downregulation of porins when the strain was exposed to three BAC concentrations.Other genes related tomembrane fatty acid metabolism and redox metabolic reactions also showed an altered expression.
Our findings indicate that the response of A. hydrophila INISA09 to BAC primarily occurs at the envelop level, which is the primary target of BAC. Our study elucidates the mechanisms of antimicrobial susceptibility in aquatic environments against a widely used disinfectant and will help better understand howbacteria can adapt to biocide pollution. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the resistance to BAC in an environmental A. hydrophila isolate. We propose that this bacterial species could also serve as a new model to study antimicrobial pollution in aquatic environments.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Bacteria
KW - Disinfection
KW - Biocides
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578555
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1180128
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Frontiers SA
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-57855
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Drexler, A.-K.
A1 - Konert, Florian
A1 - Nietzke, Jonathan
A1 - Hodžić, E.
A1 - Pastore, S.
A1 - Domitner, J.
A1 - Rhode, Michael
A1 - Sommitsch, C.
A1 - Böllinghaus, Thomas
T1 - Effect of Tensile Loading and Temperature on the Hydrogen Solubility of Steels at High Gas Pressure
N2 - The hydrogen solubility in ferritic and martensitic steels is affected by hydrostatic stress, pressure, and temperature. In general, compressive stresses decrease but tensile stresses increase the hydrogen solubility. This important aspect must be considered when qualifying materials for high‐pressure hydrogen applications (e.g., for pipelines or tanks) by using autoclave systems. In this work, a pressure equivalent for compensating the effect of compressive stresses on the hydrogen solubility inside of closed autoclaves is proposed to achieve solubilities that are equivalent to those in pipelines and tanks subjected to tensile stresses. Moreover, it is shown that the temperature effect becomes critical at low temperatures (e.g., under cryogenic conditions for storing liquid hydrogen). Trapping of hydrogen in the microstructure can increase the hydrogen solubility with decreasing temperature, having a solubility minimum at about room temperature. To demonstrate this effect, the generalized law of the hydrogen solubility is parameterized for different steels using measured contents of gaseous hydrogen. The constant parameter sets are verified and critically discussed with respect to the high‐pressure hydrogen experiments.
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Solubility
KW - Temperature
KW - Tensile loading
KW - Analytical calculation
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-586701
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202300493
SN - 1611-3683
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-58670
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Manes, M.
A1 - El Houssami, M.
A1 - Campbell, R.
A1 - Sauca, A.
A1 - Rush, D.
A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja
A1 - Andersson, P.
A1 - Wagner, P.
A1 - Veeneklaas, J.
A1 - van Hees, P.
A1 - Guillaume, E.
T1 - Closing Data Gaps and Paving the Way for Pan-European Fire Safety Efforts: Part I—Overview of Current Practices for Fire Statistics
N2 - The analysis of the current state of fire statistics and data collection in Europe and other countries is needed to increase awareness of how fire incidents affect buildings and to support pan-European fire prevention and fire mitigation measures.
The terminology and data collected regarding fire incidents in buildings in the EU Member States were mapped to obtain meaningful datasets to determine common terminology, collection methodology, and data interpretation system. An extensive literature review showed that fire data collection systems have been instrumental in informing firefighting strategies, evidence-based planning, prevention, and educational programmes. Differences and similarities between fire data collection systems were also investigated. The amount and quality of the information in fire statistical recording systems appear to be influenced by the complexity and structure with which the data are collected. The analysis also examined the existing fire statistics in the EU Member States and a few other countries. Finally, a detailed investigation of the number of fires, fire deaths, and injuries from 2009 to 2018 in several countries was examined based on data from a report by CTIF. The trends showed differences attributable to the existing fire statistical practices in terms of terminology and data
collection, and interpretation. Part II proposes a common terminology for selected fire statistical variables. The results provide relevant information regarding fire safety at the European level and should be used to guide the development of more uniform fire statistics across Europe.
KW - Fire statistics
KW - European project
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575711
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01415-6
SN - 1572-8099
SP - 1
EP - 44
PB - Springer
CY - Heidelberg
AN - OPUS4-57571
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - El Houssami, M.
A1 - Försth, M.
A1 - Fredriksson, H.
A1 - Drean, V.
A1 - Guillaume, E.
A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja
A1 - Sandinge, A.
T1 - Fire safety of interior materials of buses
N2 - This study provides an analysis on the fire safety of passengers and the fire protection of coaches and buses. A brief review of major bus fire incidents, an overview of current regulations in Europe, and their limitations are presented. The study finds that the current small-scale fire test methods described in UN ECE Reg No. 118 need to be replaced by test methods that can assess the reaction to fire of materials when exposed to ignition sources of varying sizes. To address these shortcomings, the study proposed an expert recommendation to update the material fire safety requirements and testing for buses. Additional measures are proposed, derived from objectives and strategies applied in other transport sectors, and can be tested through existing European and international standards, which are widely used by several industries. These measures aim to extend the time with tenable conditions for a safe evacuation in case of fire, reduce the degree of damage to buses, reduce the risk for fast and excessive thermal exposure on modern energy carriers needed for a more sustainable transport sector.
KW - Fire
KW - Bus interior materials
KW - Rregulations
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575700
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.3134
SN - 1099-1018
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Wiley
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-57570
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ahmadian, A.
A1 - Scheiber, D.
A1 - Zhou, X.
A1 - Gault, B.
A1 - Darvishi Kamachali, Reza
A1 - Romaner, L.
A1 - Ecker, W.
A1 - Dehm, G.
A1 - Liebscher, C. H.
T1 - Interstitial segregation has the potential to mitigate liquid metal embrittlement in iron
N2 - The embrittlement of metallic alloys by liquid metals leads to catastrophic material failure and severely impacts their structural integrity. The weakening of grain boundaries by the ingress of liquid metal and preceding segregation in the solid are thought to promote early fracture. However, the potential of balancing between the segregation of cohesion-enhancing interstitial solutes and embrittling elements inducing grain boundary decohesion is not understood. Here, we unveil the mechanisms of how boron segregation mitigates the detrimental effects of the prime embrittler, zinc, in a Σ5 [0 0 1] tilt grain boundary in α −Fe (4 at.% Al). Zinc forms nanoscale segregation patterns inducing structurally and compositionally complex grain boundary states. Ab-initio simulations reveal that boron hinders zinc segregation and compensates for the zinc induced loss in grain boundary cohesion. Our work sheds new light on how interstitial solutes intimately modify grain boundaries, thereby opening pathways to use them as dopants for preventing disastrous material failure.
KW - Materials Modelling
KW - Liquid Metal Embrittlement
KW - Alloy Safety
KW - CALPHAD
KW - Microstructure Design
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-573576
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202211796
SN - 0935-9648
IS - e2211796
PB - Wiley online library
AN - OPUS4-57357
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Suárez Ocano, Patricia
A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo
A1 - Lopez-Galilea, I.
A1 - Darvishi Kamachali, Reza
A1 - Fries, S. G.
T1 - Data regarding the experimental findings compared with CALPHAD calculations of the AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr refractory high entropy superalloy
N2 - This contribution contains the raw data used to compare experimental results with thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD method, which is related to the research article “The AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr refractory high entropy superalloy: experimental findings and comparison with calculations using the CALPHAD method” [1] , and therefore this article can be used as a basis for interpreting the data contained therein. The AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr refractory superalloy was characterized in the cast and annealed condition (1400 °C for 24 h) in order to measure grain size and to identify and measure the size and area fraction of the phases present. The raw data of this article include X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, microstructural characterization by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD includes the determination of phases and the lattice parameters (A2, B2, and hexagonal structure). Microstructural analysis by scanning and transmission electron microscopy includes (1) identification of composition, size, and volume fraction of the present phases and (2) determination of grain size. Based on these experimental data, it is possible to identify similarities and discrepancies with the data calculated using the CALPHAD method for the alloy under study in Ref. [1] , which provides the basis for better and more efficient development of reliable databases.
KW - Transmission electron microscopy
KW - Scanning electron microscopy
KW - Microstructural characterization
KW - Refractory high entropy alloys
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568009
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108858
SN - 2352-3409
VL - 46
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-56800
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jordan, T.
A1 - Askar, Enis
A1 - Holtappels, Kai
A1 - Deeg, S.
A1 - Jopen, M.
A1 - Stoll, U.
A1 - Reinecke, E.-A.
A1 - Krause, U.
A1 - Beyer, M.
A1 - Markus, D.
T1 - Stand der Kenntnisse und Technik bezüglich Wasserstoffsicherheit
N2 - Die Einführung von Wasserstoff als sicherer Energieträger braucht eine robuste Wissensbasis, darauf aufgebaute Werkzeuge zur Auslegung und Sicherheitsbewertung von Wasserstofftechnologien und ein international harmonisiertes Regelwerk. Viele der innovativen Technologien implizieren Wasserstoff bei hohen Drücken und/oder kryogenen Temperaturen, mit denen in verteilten Anwendungen erstmalig private Nutzer in Kontakt kommen. Um überkonservative, teure Sicherheitslösungen zu vermeiden, gleichzeitig aber die Einsetzbarkeit und Sicherheit von Wasserstoffanwendungen zu demonstrieren und die Akzeptanz für die Technologie aufrecht zu halten, muss auch die Sicherheitsforschung mit den Trends der technologischen Entwicklung Schritt halten, oder sie besser noch antizipieren. So beschreibt dieser Überblicksartikel nicht nur den gegenwärtigen Stand der Kenntnisse und Technik bezüglich Wasserstoffsicherheit, sondern auch ihre Weiterentwicklung.
KW - Alternative Energieträger
KW - Explosionsschutz
KW - Flüssigwasserstoff
KW - Unfallszenarien
KW - Wasserstoffspeicherung
KW - Sicherheitsbewertung
KW - Regelsetzung
KW - Gefährdungs- und Risikobeurteilung
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-593629
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.202300141
SN - 0009-286X
VL - 96
IS - 1-2
SP - 1
EP - 20
PB - Wiley-VCH
AN - OPUS4-59362
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Klippel, A.
A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja
A1 - Gnutzmann, Tanja
A1 - Piechnik, K.
T1 - Reaction-to-fire testing of bus interior materials: Assessing burning behaviour and smoke gas toxicity
N2 - Although fire safety regulations for buses have been adapted in recent years regarding, for example, fire detection and engine fire suppression systems, the changes in regulations for bus interior materials are minimal. A comparison of fire safety regulations for interior materials in other transport sectors for trains, ships or aircraft reveals a much lower level of requirements for bus materials. Although repeated bus accidents as well as fire statistics show the danger a bus fire can pose to passengers.
In particular, the combination of a fire incident and passengers with reduced mobility led to severe disasters in Germany and other European countries. To enhance the fire safety for passengers, the interior bus materials are crucial as the fire development in the bus cabin determines whether escape and rescue is possible. Against this background, bus interior materials were tested in different fire test scenarios. Measurement of a wide variety of parameters, for example, the mass loss, ignition time, smoke gas composition, heat release rate among others were carried out. Tested materials complied to the newest set of requirements. For this purpose, interior materials and their components had to be identified according to their chemical structure. Parts of the tests were funded by BASt (Federal Highway Research Institute) in the project 82.0723/2018. Experimental results show reaction-to-fire behaviour which lead to very limited times for escape and rescue in case of fire in a bus cabin. Based on the studies on fire behaviour and toxicity assessment, recommendations for improved fire safety regulations for interior materials could be made.
KW - Burning behaviour
KW - Bus interior materials
KW - Cone calorimeter
KW - DIN tube furnace
KW - FTIR spectroscopy
KW - Reference values
KW - Smoke toxicity
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576085
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.3108
SN - 1099-1018
VL - 47
IS - 5
SP - 665
EP - 680
PB - Wiley
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-57608
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Manes, M.
A1 - Sauca, A.
A1 - El Houssami, M.
A1 - Andersson, P.
A1 - McIntyre, C.
A1 - Campbell, R.
A1 - Rush, D.
A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja
A1 - Wagner, P.
A1 - Leene, M.
A1 - Oberhagemann, D.
A1 - Jomaas, G.
A1 - Grone, F.
A1 - Guillaume, E.
T1 - Closing Data Gaps and Paving the Way for Pan-European Fire Safety Efforts: Part II—Terminology of Fire Statistical Variables
N2 - A well-defined terminology of fire-related variables is important for correct analyses and supporting knowledge-based decisions regarding the evaluation of building fires at the European level. After developing an overview of current practices for fire statistics in Part I, the terminology used and the data collected by the EU Member States and eight other countries regarding fire incidents, property damage and human losses were mapped to increase awareness of their practice and support a comprehensive assessment of several fire statistical datasets. A questionnaire was distributed to relevant authorities responsible for the collection, elaboration/analysis, and fire statistical data publications to define and select the essential variables for an appropriate fire assessment and fire incident description. Based on the results of the questionnaire able to identify the essential fire statistical variables and a detailed analysis of current definitions adopted in the fire statistics of the EU Member States and other countries, a common terminology is proposed to collect the necessary data in the EU Member States and obtain meaningful datasets based on standardised terms and definitions. The results will generate essential outputs to move towards harmonised fire statistics at the EU level and contribute to an appropriate analysis able to improve fire prevention and fire mitigation in building fires.
KW - Fire statistics
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575725
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01408-5
SN - 1572-8099
SP - 1
EP - 32
PB - Springer
CY - Heidelberg
AN - OPUS4-57572
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jacobson, D.
A1 - Darvishi Kamachali, Reza
A1 - Thompson, G. B.
T1 - Extending Density Phase-Field Simulations to Dynamic Regimes
N2 - Density-based phase-field (DPF) methods have emerged as a technique for simulating grain boundary thermodynamics and kinetics. Compared to the classical phase-field, DPF gives a more physical description of the grain boundary structure and chemistry, bridging CALPHAD databases and atomistic simulations, with broad applications to grain boundary and segregation engineering. Notwithstanding their notable progress, further advancements are still warranted in DPF methods. Chief among these are the requirements to resolve its performance constraints associated with solving fourth-order partial differential equations (PDEs) and to enable the DPF methods for simulating moving grain boundaries. Presented in this work is a means by which the aforementioned problems are addressed by expressing the density field of a DPF simulation in terms of a traditional order parameter field. A generic DPF free energy functional is derived and used to carry out a series of equilibrium and dynamic simulations of grain boundaries in order to generate trends such as grain boundary width vs. gradient energy coefficient, grain boundary velocity vs. applied driving force, and spherical grain radius vs. time. These trends are compared with analytical solutions and the behavior of physical grain boundaries in order to ascertain the validity of the coupled DPF model. All tested quantities were found to agree with established theories of grain boundary behavior. In addition, the resulting simulations allow for DPF simulations to be carried out by existing phase-field solvers.
KW - CALPHAD
KW - Phase-field modelling
KW - Phase-Field Simulations
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581365
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081497
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 16
AN - OPUS4-58136
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mezhov, Alexander
A1 - Kulisch, D.
A1 - Goncharov, A.
A1 - Zhutovsky, S.
T1 - A Comparative Study of Factors Influencing Hydration Stoppage of Hardened Cement Paste
N2 - There is no consensus on which hydration stoppage method is optimal to preserve the microstructure and mineral composition of samples, especially considering the specific aspects of different testing methods, such as TGA, MIP, or XRD. This paper presents a quantitative comparison between the most popular hydration stoppage strategies and parameters such as the sample piece size, the soaking time in a solvent, and the type, as examined on cement paste hydrated for 7 days. It was found that the carbonation appears either for samples smaller than 2.36 mm and bigger than 4.75 mm or samples soaked in a solvent for longer than 1 h. Fast solvent replacement leads to ettringite diminution and total pore volume increase. Among others, solvent replacement with subsequent gentle heating under a vacuum was found to be the most efficient, whereas it was experimentally demonstrated that isopropyl alcohol stops hydration faster than ethanol and acetone.
KW - Hydration stoppage
KW - Solvent replacement
KW - Soaking time
KW - Sample piece size
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582430
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021080
VL - 15
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 21
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Switzerland.
AN - OPUS4-58243
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Madia, Mauro
A1 - Baer, Wolfram
A1 - Wagener, Rainer
A1 - Kiyak, Yusuf
T1 - Betriebsfestigkeit und Bruchverhalten von bainitischen Schmiedestählen
N2 - Die neue Generation von bainitischen Schmiedestählen bietet auf der einen Seite ein erhebliches Festigkeitspotenzial, das es im Sinne des Leichtbaus auch für zyklisch belastete Sicherheitsbauteile zu heben gilt. Auf der anderen Seite geht mit dieser Festigkeitssteigerung im Vergleich zu Vergütungsstählen ein Verlust an Duktilität und Zähigkeit einher. Am Beispiel des Demonstratorbauteils Achsschenkel ging das Forschungsvorhaben der Frage nach, wie ein Freigabeprozess zu gestalten ist, damit das Festigkeitspotenzial der neuen Stähle zuverlässig ausgenutzt werden kann. Als Ergebnis wird eine Vorgehensweise dargestellt, die den Eigenschaften der neuen Generation von Schmiedestählen Rechnung trägt, um den sicheren Betrieb der Komponenten zu gewährleisten.
KW - Bainitischer Schmiedestahl
KW - Bruchmechanik
KW - Sicherheit
KW - Betriebsfestigkeit
KW - Bauteilauslegung
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594296
SN - 2366-5106
SP - 50
EP - 54
PB - Industrieverband Massivumformung e. V
CY - Hagen
AN - OPUS4-59429
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kapoor, M.
A1 - Overgaard Christensen, Ch.
A1 - Wittrup Schmidt, J.
A1 - Dalsgaard Sørensen, J.
A1 - Thöns, Sebastian
T1 - Decision analytic approach for the reclassification of concrete bridges by using elastic limit information from proof loading
N2 - Reclassification of bridges, i.e., a change in load rating, using reliability-based methods and a direct update with proof load information has been presented by many authors. However, bridge reclassification has hardly been studied from a decision analytic perspective, i.e., with quantification of the risks and benefits of different classification choices, and the expected benefit gain from proof loading. We derive, explain and exemplify a decision analytic approach for bridge reclassification along with models for (1) elastic and ultimate capacity and their adaptation with proof load information, (2) proof load information with classification outcomes accounting for target reliabilities and, (3) utilities including socio-economic benefits from reclassification. The approach and models are exemplified with a case study based on reclassification of bridges with a low existing classification. Decision rules, for practical use by a highway authority to find the optimal classification, are identified and documented based on: (1) the measurement of the capacity at elastic limit by proof loading, (2) the bridge reclassification benefits, and, (3) the required annual reliability level. From a Value of Information analysis, it is concluded that the proof load information is highly valuable for reclassification in cases of high socio-economic benefits and high reliability requirements.
KW - Proof loading
KW - Structural reliability
KW - Value of information
KW - Decision analysis
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-596845
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2022.109049
SN - 0951-8320/
VL - 232
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-59684
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard
A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob
A1 - Anker, A. S.
A1 - Annadurai, V.
A1 - Balazs, D. M.
A1 - Bienert, Ralf
A1 - Bouwman, W. G.
A1 - Breßler, Ingo
A1 - Breternitz, J.
A1 - Brok, E. S.
A1 - Bryant, G.
A1 - Clulow, A. J.
A1 - Crater, E. R.
A1 - De Geuser, F.
A1 - Del Giudice, A.
A1 - Deumer, J.
A1 - Disch, S.
A1 - Dutt, S.
A1 - Frank, K.
A1 - Fratini, E.
A1 - Garcia, P. R. A. F.
A1 - Gilbert, E. P.
A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin
A1 - Hallett, J.
A1 - Hohenschutz, M.
A1 - Hollamby, M.
A1 - Huband, S.
A1 - Ilavsky, J.
A1 - Jochum, J. K.
A1 - Juelsholt, M.
A1 - Mansel, B. W.
A1 - Penttilä, P.
A1 - Pittkowski, R. K.
A1 - Portale, G.
A1 - Pozzo, L. D.
A1 - Rochels, L.
A1 - Rosalie, Julian
A1 - Saloga, Patrick E. J.
A1 - Seibt, S.
A1 - Smith, A. J.
A1 - Smith, G. N.
A1 - Spiering, G. A.
A1 - Stawski, Tomasz M.
A1 - Taché, O.
A1 - Thünemann, Andreas
A1 - Toth, K.
A1 - Whitten, A. E.
A1 - Wuttke, J.
T1 - The human factor - Results of a small-angle scattering data analysis round robin
N2 - A round-robin study has been carried out to estimate the impact of the human element in small-angle scattering data analysis. Four corrected datasets were provided to participants ready for analysis. All datasets were measured on samples containing spherical scatterers, with two datasets in dilute dispersions and two from powders. Most of the 46 participants correctly identified the number of populations in the dilute dispersions, with half of the population mean entries within 1.5% and half of the population width entries within 40%. Due to the added complexity of the structure factor, far fewer people submitted answers on the powder datasets. For those that did, half of the entries for the means and widths were within 44 and 86%, respectively. This round-robin experiment highlights several causes for the discrepancies, for which solutions are proposed.
KW - Round Robin
KW - Data analysis
KW - Small-angle scattering
KW - Nanomaterials
KW - Interlaboratory comparability
KW - Nanostructure quantification
KW - Methodology
KW - MOUSE
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587091
DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324
SN - 1600-5767
VL - 56
IS - 6
SP - 1618
EP - 1629
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
AN - OPUS4-58709
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kinne, Marko
A1 - Thöns, Sebastian
T1 - Fatigue Reliability Based on Predicted Posterior Stress Ranges Determined from Strain Measurements of Wind Turbine Support Structures
N2 - In the present paper, an approach for updating the continuous stress range distribution of a welded connection of a wind turbine support structure with predicted information from strain measurements is presented. Environmental conditions, such as wind or, in offshore fields, waves and currents, in combination with rotor excitations generate cyclic stresses affecting the reliability of welded joints of the support structure over the service life. Using strain measurements, these conditions can be monitored, and the resulting stress ranges, under consideration of measurement, mechanical and material uncertainties, can be reconstructed. These stress ranges can be used as an input for updating the prior probability density function (PDF) of the stress ranges predicted by the overall dynamics and a detailed design analysis. Applying Bayesian probability theory and decision theoretical implications, the predicted posterior probability density of the stress ranges is calculated based on the design information and uncertainties. This approach is exemplified, and it is shown how the predicted stress ranges and the design stress ranges are distributed. The prior and the predicted posterior stress ranges are used for a reliability calculation for potentially entering a pre-posterior decision analysis
KW - Strain measurements of wind turbine support structures
KW - Bayesian updating of stress ranges
KW - Posterior fatigue reliability
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572663
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052225
VL - 16
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 26
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-57266
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hildebrandt, Jana
A1 - Taubert, Andreas
A1 - Thünemann, Andreas
T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of Ultra‐Small Gold Nanoparticles in the Ionic Liquid 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Dicyanamide, [Emim][DCA]
N2 - AbstractWe report on gold clusters with around 62 gold atoms and a diameter of 1.15±0.10 nm. Dispersions of the clusters are long‐term stable for two years at ambient conditions. The synthesis was performed by mixing tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4 ⋅ 3 H2O) with the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Emim][DCA]) at temperatures of 20 to 80 °C. Characterization was performed with small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. A three‐stage model is proposed for the formation of the clusters, in which cluster growth from gold nuclei takes place according to the Lifshitz‐Slyozov‐Wagner (LSW) model followed by oriented attachment to form colloidal stable clusters.
KW - Reference materials
KW - SAXS
KW - Gold
KW - Nanoparticle
KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering
KW - Ionic liquid
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588203
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202300106
SN - 2191-1363
VL - 44
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-58820
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hildebrandt, Jana
A1 - Thünemann, Andreas
T1 - Aqueous Dispersions of Polypropylene: Toward Reference Materials for Characterizing Nanoplastics
N2 - Microplastics and nanoplastics pollute the natural environment all over the world, but the full extent of the hazards posed by this waste is unclear. While research on microplastics is well advanced, little work has been done on nanoplastics. This discrepancy is mainly due to the lacking ability to detect nanoplastics in biologically and environmentally relevant matrices. Nanoplastics reference materials can help the development of suitable methods for identifying and quantifying nanoplastics in nature. The aim is to synthesize nanoplastics made from one of the most commonly used plastics, namely polypropylene. An easy way to produce long-term stable aqueous dispersions of polypropylene nanoparticles (nano polypropylene) is reported. The nanoplastic particles, prepared by mechanical breakdown, show a mean hydrodynamic diameter of D h = 180.5 ± 5.8 nm and a polydispersity index of PDI = 0.084 ± 0.02. No surfactant is needed to obtain dispersion which is stable for more than 6 months. The colloidal stability of the surfactant-free nano polypropylene dispersions is explained by their low zeta potential of 𝜻 = −43 ± 2 mV.
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Reference Material
KW - Nanoplastics
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571799
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202200874
SN - 1022-1336
VL - 44
IS - 6
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-57179
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sauermoser-Yri, M.
A1 - Veldurthi, N.
A1 - Wölfle, C. H.
A1 - Svartvatn, P. J.
A1 - Flo Hoem, S. O.
A1 - Lid, M. J.
A1 - Bock, Robert
A1 - Palko, J.
A1 - Torgersen, J.
T1 - On the porosity-dependent permeability and conductivity of triply periodic minimal surface based porous media
N2 - With the fast development in the field of additive manufacturing, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) based porous media have recently found many uses in mechanical property tuning. However, there is still a lack of understanding in their porosity-dependent permeability and electrical as well as thermal conductivity. Here, we perform finite volume simulations on the solid and void domains of the Schoen gyroid (SG), Schwarz primitive (SP) and Schwarz primitive beam (SPB) TPMS with porosities between 63% and 88% in Ansys Fluent. A simple cubic lattice (CL) of equivalent porosity served as reference. The SPB and CL showed up to one order of magnitude higher permeabilities than the SG and SP. However, SG and SP have about 1.3 and 2.6 times the electrical and thermal conductivity of SPB and CL, respectively. Furthermore, the properties of SPB and CL are largely affected by the surface area density, whereas tortuosity variation does not impact permeability and conductivity to a major extent. Finally, empirical relations are adapted to describe the presented data and thus, they may enable future designers of TPMS based porous structures to fine-tune the geometries according to the requirements on permeability and electrical as well as thermal conductivity.
KW - Metals and Alloys
KW - Surfaces, Coatings and Films
KW - Biomaterials
KW - Ceramics and Composites
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-585250
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.242
SN - 2238-7854
VL - 27
SP - 585
EP - 599
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-58525
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Theiler, Geraldine
A1 - Gradt, Thomas
T1 - Comparison of the sliding behavior of several polymers in gaseous and liquid hydrogen
N2 - The development of hydrogen technologies entails high safety requirements in distribution and dispensing infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to pursue research on material compatibility in hydrogen, especially for critical parts with tribological issues.
The focus of this study is to evaluate the influence of hydrogen on a wider range of commercially available polymer materials. Thereby, the friction and wear behavior of different grades of TPE, POM, PA66, PA12, PPA, PEEK, PPS, PTFE, PAI, PI and PBI were investigated against a rotating steel disk (AISI 304). Filled and unfilled polymers from different suppliers were evaluated at room temperature in air, vacuum and hydrogen gas (H2) as well as in liquid hydrogen at - 253°C (LH2).
The sliding behavior of the polymer materials is discussed by means of surface analyses, whereby special attention is paid to the formation of a transfer film.
According to the results at ambient temperature, the effect of hydrogen environment on the tribological behavior of neat polymers may be related to lack of moisture, but also to saturated hydrocarbons in gaseous hydrogen. In liquid hydrogen, the best tribological performances were achieved with neat PA polymers as well as PPS and PI composites.
KW - Polymers
KW - Composites
KW - Sliding wear
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Cryogenic temperature
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597123
DO - https://doi.org/10.2474/trol.18.217
SN - 1881-2198
VL - 18
IS - 5
SP - 217
EP - 231
PB - Japanese Society of Tribologists
AN - OPUS4-59712
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Reinholz, Uwe
A1 - Guerra, M.F.
A1 - Martinón-Torres, M.
A1 - Lemasson, Q.
A1 - Moignard, B.
A1 - Pacheco, C.
A1 - Pichon, L.
A1 - Macdonald, L.
A1 - Hess, M.
A1 - Tissot, I.
ED - Guerra, M. F.
ED - Martinón-Torres, M.
ED - Quirke, S.
T1 - Analytical approaches to Egyptian goldwork
N2 - The structure and composition of ancient gold objects retain information about their long history of manufacture, from the exploitation of the ore to the finishing touches, as well as evidence of their use, deposition, and degradation. By developing an efficient analytical strategy, it is possible to retrieve that information. This chapter sets the necessary foundation 131to explore fully the analytical results presented in the following chapters of this volume. The techniques employed in the analyses of the Egyptian jewellery are described and the analytical parameters provided. For more established techniques, only brief introductions are presented, while more recent developments are presented in greater detail.
KW - Gold
KW - Synchrotron
KW - D2XRF
KW - Egypt
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-586039
DO - https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.99681
SP - 131
EP - 191
AN - OPUS4-58603
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Licht, M.
A1 - Nikoonasab, Ali
A1 - Gluth, Gregor
A1 - Raupach, M.
ED - Claßen, M.
ED - Hegger, J.
ED - Matschei, T.
ED - Raupach, M.
T1 - Alkali-aktivierte Hüttensandbetone – CO2-reduzierte Bindemittel mit hohem Korrosionsschutzpotential
N2 - Durch den Ersatz von Portlandzement können alkali-aktivierte Bindemittel einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Verringerung der durch die Zementklinkerherstellung verursachten CO2-Emissionen leisten. Für die Verwendung von alkali-aktivierten Bindemitteln in Stahlbetonkonstruktionen, die Chloriden oder Carbonatisierung ausgesetzt sind, ist die Fähigkeit des Stahls, den passiven Zustand zu erreichen und aufrechtzuerhalten, von großer Bedeutung. Die Prozesse der Deckschichtbildung von Stahl in alkali-aktivierten Materialien unterscheiden sich jedoch zum Teil grundlegend von denen in Portlandzementen. Alkali-aktivierte Hüttensandbetone weisen gute technische Eigenschaften auf, bisher fehlen jedoch grundlegende Kenntnisse bzgl. ihrer schützenden Wirkung bei korrosiven Angriffen. Dies ist vor allem auf ihre sulfidhaltige Porenlösung zurückzuführen, welche die elektrochemischen Eigenschaften der Stahloberfläche beeinflusst und die Verwendung herkömmlicher Bewertungsmaßstäbe erschwert. Es werden erste Ergebnisse eines DFG-Forschungsprojektes vorgestellt, in dem das Passivierungsverhalten von Stahl in alkali-aktivierten Hüttensandmörteln unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzungen sowie in Mörteln auf Basis hüttensandhaltiger Normzemente untersucht wird. Über einen Zeitraum von mindestens 28 Tagen werden an Zylinderprüfkörpern im 3-Elektroden-Aufbau das Ruhepotential sowie die Polarisationswiderstände der Stahlelektroden ermittelt.
T2 - 10. DAfStb-Jahrestagung mit 62. Forschungskolloquium
CY - Aachen, Germany
DA - 26.09.2023
KW - Bewehrung
KW - Stahlkorrosion
KW - Hüttensandmehl
KW - Sulfid
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-593775
DO - https://doi.org/10.18154/RWTH-2023-06676
SP - 233
EP - 238
PB - RWTH Aachen
CY - Aachen
AN - OPUS4-59377
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rudić, O.
A1 - Mittermayr, F.
A1 - Gluth, Gregor
A1 - Simon, Sebastian
A1 - Ukrainczyk, N.
A1 - Seyrek, Y.
A1 - Freytag, B.
A1 - Juhart, J.
A1 - Grengg, C.
T1 - On the benefits of vegetable oil addition for the pore structure and acid resistance of alkali-activated systems
N2 - The impact of high additions of vegetable oil (12 vol%) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of metakaolin-slag-based alkali-activated materials (AAMs) was studied. The addition of oil resulted in a slight decrease in initial polymerization kinetics but did not affect the final degree of reaction. AAM-oil-composite-mortars exhibited approximately ∼30% lower compressive strength primarily due to the entrainment of air voids. Newly formed soap phases significantly reduced the volume of small capillary and gel pores (pore radii <15 nm), leading to a decrease in specific inner surface area by a factor of up to 15. The porosity modification induced by the oil addition greatly enhanced the resistance of AAMs against sulfuric acid attack, shifting the dominant processes from diffusion and cracks to framework-dissolution controlled by the inherent phase stabilities. Following the immersion in sulfuric acid (pHstat = 2) for 8 weeks, the depth of corroded layer decreased by 70% and no cracks due to expansive phases were observed. These promising findings suggest that the incorporation of vegetable oil in AAMs has the potential to address durability concerns associated with diffusion-based corrosion processes, thereby expanding the range of future applications.
KW - Alkali-activated materials
KW - Acid resistance
KW - Pore structure
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581719
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.08.036
VL - 49
IS - 20
SP - 33275
EP - 33290
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-58171
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mundra, S.
A1 - Samson, G.
A1 - Masi, G.
A1 - Achenbach, R.
A1 - Bastidas, D. M.
A1 - Bernal, S. A.
A1 - Bignozzi, M. C.
A1 - Criado, M.
A1 - Cyr, M.
A1 - Gartner, N.
A1 - von Greve-Dierfeld, S.
A1 - Legat, A.
A1 - Nikoonasab, Ali
A1 - Provis, J. L.
A1 - Raupach, M.
A1 - Gluth, Gregor
T1 - Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali-activated materials
N2 - Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are binders that can complement and partially substitute the current use of conventional cement. However, the present knowledge about how AAMs protect steel reinforcement in concrete elements is incomplete, and uncertainties exist regarding the application of electrochemical methods to investigate this issue. The present review by EFC WP11-Task Force ‘Corrosion of steel in alkali-activated materials’ demonstrates that important differences exist between AAMs and Portland cement, and between different classes of AAMs, which are mainly caused by differing pore solution compositions, and which affect the outcomes of electrochemical measurements. The high sulfide concentrations in blast furnace slag-based AAMs lead to distinct anodic polarisation curves, unusually low open circuit potentials, and low polarisation resistances, which might be incorrectly interpreted as indicating active corrosion of steel reinforcement. No systematic study of the influence of the steel–concrete interface on the susceptibility of steel to corrosion in AAMs is available. Less common electrochemical methods present an opportunity for future progress in the field.
KW - Alkali-activated materials
KW - Reinforcement corrosion
KW - Steel corrrosion
KW - Electrochemical methods
KW - Concrete
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572241
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202313743
SN - 1521-4176
VL - 74
IS - 7
SP - 988
EP - 1008
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-57224
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Page, T.M.
A1 - Nie, C.
A1 - Neander, L.
A1 - Povolotsky, T.L.
A1 - Sahoo, A.K.
A1 - Nickl, Philip
A1 - Adler, J.M.
A1 - Bawadkji, O.
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Achazi, K.
A1 - Ludwig, K.
A1 - Lauster, D.
A1 - Netz, R.R.
A1 - Trimpert, J.
A1 - Kaufer, B.
A1 - Haag, R.
A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen
T1 - Functionalized Fullerene for Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Variants
N2 - As virus outbreaks continue to pose a challenge, a nonspecific viral inhibitor can provide significant benefits, especially against respiratory viruses. Polyglycerol sulfates recently emerge as promising agents that mediate interactions between cells and viruses through electrostatics, leading to virus inhibition.
Similarly, hydrophobic C60 fullerene can prevent virus infection via interactions with hydrophobic cavities of surface proteins. Here, two strategies are combined to inhibit infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro. Effective inhibitory concentrations in the millimolar range highlight the significance of bare fullerene’s hydrophobic moiety and electrostatic interactions of polysulfates with surface proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, microscale thermophoresis measurements support that fullerene linear polyglycerol sulfates interact with the SARS-CoV-2 virus via its spike protein, and highlight importance of electrostatic interactions within it. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the fullerene binding site is situated close to the receptor binding domain, within 4 nm of polyglycerol sulfate binding sites, feasibly allowing both portions of the material to interact simultaneously.
KW - Covalent functionalization
KW - Fullerene
KW - SARS-CoV 2
KW - Sulfated materials
KW - Virus inhibition
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568672
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202206154
SN - 1613-6810
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Wiley VCH
AN - OPUS4-56867
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Knigge, Xenia
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
T1 - 1,3-Dimethyl-imidazolium dimethyl phosphate ([MMIM]+[DMP]−) analyzed by XPS and HAXPES
N2 - The ionic liquid 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium-dimethylphosphate ([MMIM]+[DMP]−) was analyzed using (hard) x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Here, XPS and HAXPES spectra are shown in comparison. For the acquisition of the XPS spectra, monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 1486.6 eV was used, while for the acquisition of the HAXPES spectra, monochromatic Cr Kα radiation at 5414.8 eV was applied. Here, survey scans and high-resolution spectra of P 2p, P 2s, C 1s, O 1s, and N 1s for both methods and P 1s, P KL2,3L2,3, and P KL1L2,3 for HAXPES are shown.
KW - C7H15N2O4P
KW - [MMIM]+[DMP]−
KW - Lonic liquid
KW - Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
KW - HAXPES
KW - XPS
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571604
DO - https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0002297
VL - 30
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 20
PB - AIP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-57160
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bennet, Francesca
A1 - Opitz, R.
A1 - Ghoreishi, N.
A1 - Plate, K.
A1 - Barnes, J.-P.
A1 - Bellew, A.
A1 - Bellu, A.
A1 - Ceccone, G.
A1 - de Vito, E.
A1 - Delcorte, A.
A1 - Franquet, A.
A1 - Fumageli, F.
A1 - Gilliland, D.
A1 - Jungnickel, H.
A1 - Lee, T.G.
A1 - Poleunis, C.
A1 - Rading, D.
A1 - Shon, H.K.
A1 - Spampinato, V.
A1 - Son, J.G.
A1 - Wang, F.
A1 - Wang, Y.-C. A.
A1 - Zhao, Y.
A1 - Roloff, A.
A1 - Tentschert, J.
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
T1 - VAMAS TWA2 interlaboratory comparison: Surface analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles using ToF-SIMS
N2 - Due to the extremely high specific surface area of nanoparticles and corresponding potential for adsorption, the results of surface analysis can be highly dependent on the history of the particles, particularly regarding sample preparation and storage. The sample preparation method has, therefore, the potential to have a significant influence on the results. This report describes an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) with the aim of assessing which sample preparation methods for ToF-SIMS analysis of nanoparticles provided the most intra- and interlaboratory consistency and the least amount of sample contamination. The BAM reference material BAM-P110 (TiO2 nanoparticles with a mean Feret diameter of 19 nm) was used as a sample representing typical nanoparticles. A total of 11 participants returned ToF-SIMS data,in positive and (optionally) negative polarity, using sample preparation methods of “stick-and-go” as well as optionally “drop-dry” and “spin-coat.” The results showed that the largest sources of variation within the entire data set were caused by adventitious hydrocarbon contamination or insufficient sample coverage, with the spin-coating protocol applied in this ILC showing a tendency toward insufficient sample coverage; the sample preparation method or the participant had a lesser influence on results.
KW - Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
KW - VMAAS
KW - Titania
KW - Interlaboratory comparison
KW - Reproducibility
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582290
DO - https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0002814
SN - 0734-2101
VL - 41
IS - 5
SP - 053210-1
EP - 053210-13
PB - AIP (American Institute of Physics)
AN - OPUS4-58229
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Han, Ying
A1 - Kruse, Julius
A1 - Rosalie, Julian
A1 - Radners, J.
A1 - von Hartrott, P.
A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit
T1 - Influence of mean stress and overaging on fatigue life of aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A
N2 - Fatigue tests were performed on the forged aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A in the T61 state. Different stress ratios (R = -1, R = 0.1) were selected to study the influence of mean stress on fatigue life. Two overaged states (10 h/230 ◦C, 1000 h/230 ◦C) were also tested to investigate the influence of overaging on fatigue life. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the precipitates (S-phase), which are mainly responsible for the strength of the alloy. A fractographic analysis was also performed to determine the failure mode. Overaging reduces the fatigue life compared to the T61 state. The longer the aging time, the lower the fatigue resistance. The reason is the decrease in (yield) strength, which correlates with the radius of the S-phase: the precipitate radius increases by a factor of approximately two for the overaged states compared to the initial state. The analysis of the fracture surfaces showed crack initiation occurs predominantly on the outer surface and is
associated with the primary phases.
KW - Aluminum alloys
KW - Aging
KW - Fatigue
KW - Microstructure
KW - Electron microscopy
KW - S-Phase
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-583708
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2023.145660
SN - 0921-5093
VL - 886
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-58370
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rehmer, Birgit
A1 - Bayram, Faruk
A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis
A1 - Mohr, Gunther
A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit
T1 - Elastic modulus data for additively and conventionally manufactured variants of Ti-6Al-4V, IN718 and AISI 316 L
N2 - This article reports temperature-dependent elastic properties (Young’s modulus, shear modulus) of three alloys measured by the dynamic resonance method. The alloys Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel IN718, and AISI 316 L were each investigated in a variant produced by an additive manufacturing processing route and by a conventional manufacturing processing route. The datasets include information on processing routes and parameters, heat treatments, grain size, specimen dimensions, and weight, as well as Young’s and shear modulus along with their measurement uncertainty. The process routes and methods are described in detail. The datasets were generated in an accredited testing lab, audited as BAM reference data, and are hosted in the open data repository Zenodo. Possible data usages include the verification of the correctness of the test setup via Young’s modulus comparison in low-cycle fatigue (LCF) or thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) testing campaigns, the design auf VHCF specimens and the use as input data for simulation purposes.
KW - Elastic modulus
KW - Young's modulus
KW - Shear modulus
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - AISI 316L
KW - IN 718
KW - Ti-6Al-4V
KW - Reference data
KW - Temperature dependence
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579716
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02387-6
VL - 10
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Springer Nature
AN - OPUS4-57971
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chemello, Giovanni
A1 - Knigge, Xenia
A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri
A1 - Reed, B.P.
A1 - Pollard, A.J.
A1 - Clifford, C.A.
A1 - Howe, T.
A1 - Vyas, N.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
T1 - Influence of the Morphology on the Functionalization of Graphene Nanoplatelets Analyzed by Comparative Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Soft and Hard X-Rays
N2 - Since its isolation, graphene has received growing attention from academia and industry due to its unique properties. However, the “what is my material” barrier hinders further commercialization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is considered as a method of choice for the determination of the elemental and chemical composition. In this work the influence of the morphology of graphene particles on the XPS results is studied and investigated as a function of X-ray energy, using conventional XPS with Al K𝜶 radiation and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) using Cr K𝜶 radiation. Thereby, the information depth is varied between 10 and 30 nm. For this purpose, two commercial powders containing graphene nanoplatelets with lateral dimensions of either ≈100 nm or in the micrometer range are compared. These larger ones exist as stack of graphene layers which is inspected with scanning electron microscopy. Both kinds of particles are then functionalized with either oxygen or fluorine. The size of the graphene particles is found to influence the degree of functionalization. Only the combination of XPS and HAXPES allows to detect the functionalization at the outermost surface of the particles or even of the stacks and to provide new insights into the functionalization process.
KW - Functionalized graphene
KW - Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578860
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202300116
SN - 2196-7350
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Wiley VCH
AN - OPUS4-57886
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Terborg, R.
A1 - Kim, K. J.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Elemental composition and thickness determination of thin films by electron probe microanalysis
N2 - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) applies to solid samples of homogenous (bulk) chemical composition and can usually not be applied to structures which are inhomogeneous in the micrometer range such as thin film systems down to a few nm. However, in combination with the established thin film software Stratagem, the thickness as well as the elemental composition of thin films on a substrate can be determined. This has been recently successfully demonstrated for Fe-Ni on Si and Si-Ge on Al2O3 thin film systems. For both systems five samples of different elemental composition and a reference were produced and characterised by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as reference values. Last year, a new and open-source thin film evaluation programme called BadgerFilm has been released. It can also be used to determine thin film composition and thickness from intensity ratios of the unknown sample and standards (k-ratios). In this contribution, we reevaluated the data acquired for the Fe-Ni and Si-Ge systems using the BadgerFilm software package and compared the obtained elemental compositions and thickness values with the results of the Stratagem software and the reference methods. The conclusion is that the BadgerFilm software shows good agreement with the elemental composition and thickness calculated by Stratagem (mostly <2% for both composition and thickness) and with the reference values for two representative thin film systems (<1%–2% for composition and <10%–20% for thickness).
KW - Elemental composition
KW - EPMA
KW - Film thickness
KW - Thin films
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576368
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7183
SN - 0142-2421
VL - 55
SP - 496
EP - 500
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-57636
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sonntag, Nadja
A1 - Jürgens, Maria
A1 - Uhlemann, Patrick
A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit
A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen
T1 - Experimental data from service-like creep-fatigue experiments on grade P92 steel
N2 - This article refers to the research article entitled “Creep-Fatigue of P92 in Service-Like Tests with Combined Stress- and Strain-Controlled Dwell Times” [1]. It presents experimental mechanical data from complex service-like creep-fatigue experiments performed isothermally at 620 °C and a low strain amplitude of 0.2 % on tempered martensite-ferritic grade P92 steel. The data sets in text file format provide cyclic deformation (min. and max. stresses) and the total (hysteresis) data of all recorded fatigue cycles for three different creep-fatigue experiments: 1) a standard relaxation fatigue (RF) test with symmetrical dwell times of three minutes introduced at minimum and maximum strain, 2) a fully strain-controlled service-like relaxation (SLR) test combining these three-minute peak strain dwells with a 30-minute dwell in between at zero strain, and 3) a partly stress-controlled service-like creep (SLC) test combining the three-minute peak strain dwells with 30-minute dwells at constant stress. Such service-like (SL) tests with additional long-term stress- and strain-controlled dwell times are non-standard, rare, and expensive, making these data very valuable. They may be used to approximate cyclic softening in the technically relevant range, for the design of complex SL experiments, or for detailed analyses of stress-strain hystereses (e.g., for stress or strain partitioning methods, for the determination of hysteresis energies (work), inelastic strain components, etc.). In addition, the latter analyses may supply important input for advanced parametric lifetime modeling of components under creep-fatigue loading or model calibration parameters.
KW - Tempered martensite-ferritic steel
KW - Creep
KW - Stress relaxation
KW - Creep-fatigue
KW - Dwell times
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578407
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109333
SN - 2352-3409
VL - 49
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Elsevier Inc.
AN - OPUS4-57840
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Bartczack, Dorota
A1 - Taché, Olivier
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Report on the homogeneity assessment of bimodal gold materials (nPSize1 and nPSize2) and particle number concentration by frequency method
N2 - The main objective was to assess homogeneity of two bimodal gold materials, namely nPsize1 and nPSize2, containing approximately 1:1 and 10:1 particle number-based ratio of ~30nm and ~60nm particles. Particle number-based concentration within the two size fractions was determined with spICP-MS using the particle frequency method of calibration.
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Homogeneity
KW - Particle number concentration
KW - Gold
KW - nPSize
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595451
DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10654245
SP - 1
EP - 5
PB - Zenodo
CY - Geneva
AN - OPUS4-59545
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mehta, B.
A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana
A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
A1 - Hryha, E.
A1 - Nyborg, L.
A1 - Virtanen, E.
T1 - Microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms in a 7017 aluminium alloy tailored for powder bed fusion – laser beam
N2 - This study addressed a 7017 Al-alloy tailored for powder bed fusion – laser beam (PBF-LB) process. The alloy was prepared by mixing 3 wt% Zr and 0.5 wt% TiC powder to standard pre-alloyed 7017 grade aluminium powder. This made printing of the alloys possible avoiding solidification cracking in the bulk and achieving high relative density (99.8 %). Such advanced alloys have significantly higher Young’s modulus (>80 GPa) than conventional Al-alloys (70–75 GPa), thus making them attractive for applications requiring high stiffness. The resulting microstructure in as-printed condition was rich in particles originating from admixed powders and primary precipitates/inclusions originating from the PBF-LB process. After performing a T6-like heat treatment designed for the PBF-LB process, the microstructure changed: Zr-nanoparticles and Fe- or Mg/Zn- containing precipitates formed thus providing 75 % increase in yield strength (from 254 MPa to 444 MPa) at the cost of decreasing ductility (∼20 % to ∼9 %). In-situ tensile testing combined with SXCT, and ex-situ tensile testing combined with fracture analysis confirmed that the fracture initiation in both conditions is highly dependent on defects originated during printing. However, cracks are deflected from decohesion around Zr-containing inclusions/precipitates embedded in the Al-matrix. This deflection is seen to improve the ductility of the material.
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - Powder bed fusion Laser beam
KW - X-ray computed tomography
KW - Strengthening mechanisms
KW - Crack propagation
KW - Zirconium
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568243
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111602
SN - 0264-1275
VL - 226
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
AN - OPUS4-56824
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tsamos, Athanasios
A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Noise and blur removal from corrupted X-ray computed tomography scans: A multilevel and multiscale deep convolutional framework approach with synthetic training data (BAM SynthCOND)
N2 - Regardless of the experimental care practiced in acquiring X-ray computed tomography (XCT) data, artifacts might still exist, such as noise and blur. This is typical for fast XCT data acquisitions (e.g., in-situ investigations), or low-dose XCT. Such artifacts can complicate subsequent analysis of the data. Digital filters can moderately cure extensive artifacts. The selection of filter type, intensity, and order of application is not always straight forward. To tackle these problems, a complete sequential multilevel, multi-scale framework: BAM SynthCOND, employing newly designed deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), was formulated. Although data conditioning with neural networks is not uncommon, the main complication is that completely artifact-free XCT data for training do not exist. Thus, training data were acquired from an in-house developed library (BAM SynthMAT) capable of generating synthetic XCT material microstructures. Some novel DCNN architectures were introduced (2D/3D ACEnet_Denoise, 2D/3D ACEnet_Deblur) along with the concept of Assertive Contrast Enhancement (ACE) training, which boosts the performance of neural networks trained with continuous loss functions. The proposed methodology accomplished very good generalization from low resemblance synthetic training data. Indeed, denoising, sharpening (deblurring), and even ring artifact removal performance were achieved on experimental post-CT scans of challenging multiphase Al-Si Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) microstructures. The conditioning efficiencies were: 92% for combined denoising/sharpening, 99% for standalone denoising, and 95% for standalone sharpening. The results proved to be independent of the artifact intensity. We believe that the novel concepts and methodology developed in this work can be directly applied on the CT projections prior to reconstruction, or easily be extended to other imaging techniques such as: Microscopy, Neutron Tomography, Ultrasonics, etc.
KW - XCT Data Conditioning
KW - Denoising Deblurring Sharpening
KW - Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN)
KW - Synthetic Training Data
KW - ACEnet
KW - Metal Matrix Composite (MMC)
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579129
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100011
VL - 2
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-57912
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander
A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis
A1 - Sommer, Konstantin
A1 - Mohr, Gunther
A1 - Evans, Alexander
A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Evolution of Creep Damage of 316L Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
N2 - The damage mechanisms of metallic components produced by process laser powder bed fusion differ significantly from those typically observed in conventionally manufactured variants of the same alloy. This is due to the unique microstructures of additively manufactured materials. Herein, the focus is on the study of the evolution of creep damage in stainless steel 316L specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion. X-ray computed tomography is used to unravel the influence of the process-specific microstructure from the influence of the initial void distribution on creep damage mechanisms. The void distribution of two specimens tested at 600 °C and 650 °C is analyzed before a creep test, after an interruption, and after fracture. The results indicate that the formation of damage is not connected to the initial void distribution. Instead, damage accumulation at grain boundaries resulting from intergranular cracking is observed.
KW - Creep
KW - Computed Tomography
KW - PBF-LB/M/316L
KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion
KW - Microstructure
KW - AISI 316L
KW - Additive Manufacturing
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-574127
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202201581
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-57412
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jamro, R.
A1 - Mente, Tobias
A1 - Kardjilov, N.
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Al-Falahat, Ala'A. M.
A1 - Woracek, R.
A1 - Manke, I.
A1 - Griesche, Axel
T1 - Temperature distribution during welding measured by neutron imaging
N2 - This study was carried out to investigate the neutron transmission signal as a function of sample temperature during a welding process. A theoretical description that includes the Debye-Waller factor was used to describe the temperature influence on the neutron crosssections. Neutron imaging using a monochromatic beam helps to observe transmission variations related to the material temperature. In-situ neutron imaging of welding experiments show the distribution of the temperature in bulk steel samples. The performed finite element modelling of expected temperature distributions shows good agreement with the obtained experimental data.
KW - Neutron imaging
KW - Debye-Waller-Faktor
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-586268
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2605/1/012026
VL - 2605
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - IOP Publishing Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-58626
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Kai
A1 - Mirabella, Francesca
A1 - Knigge, Xenia
A1 - Mezera, Marek
A1 - Weise, Matthias
A1 - Sahre, Mario
A1 - Wasmuth, Karsten
A1 - Voss, Heike
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Krüger, Jörg
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
T1 - Chemical and topographical changes upon sub-100-nm laser-induced periodic surface structure formation on titanium alloy: the influence of laser pulse repetition rate and number of over-scans
N2 - Titanium and its alloys are known to allow the straightforward laser-based manufacturing of ordered surface nanostructures, so-called high spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (HSFL). These structures exhibit sub-100 nm spatial periods – far below the optical diffraction limit. The resulting surface functionalities are usually enabled by both, topographic and chemical alterations of the nanostructured surfaces. For exploring these effects, multi-method characterizations were performed here for HSFL processed on Ti–6Al–4V alloy upon irradiation with near-infrared ps-laser pulses (1030 nm, ≈1 ps pulse duration, 1–400 kHz) under different laser scan processing conditions, i.e., by systematically varying the pulse repetition frequency and the number of laser irradiation passes. The sample characterization involved morphological and topographical investigations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), tactile stylus profilometry, as well as near-surface chemical analyses hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and depth-profiling time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). This provides a quantification of the laser ablation depth, the geometrical HSFL characteristics and enables new insights into the depth extent and the nature of the non-ablative laser-induced near-surface oxidation accompanying these nanostructures. This allows to answer the questions how the processing of HSFL can be industrially scaled up, and whether the latter is limited by heat-accumulation effects.
T2 - 2023 E-MRS Spring Meeting, Symposium L "Making light matter: lasers in material sciences and photonics"
CY - Strasbourg, France
DA - 29.05.2023
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Ultrashort laser pulses
KW - Laser processing
KW - Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES)
KW - Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-589902
UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pssa.202300719
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202300719
SN - 1862-6319
VL - 221
IS - 15
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-58990
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Drobne, D.
A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Bohmer, N.
A1 - Novak, S.
A1 - Kranjc, E.
A1 - Kononenko, V.
A1 - Reuther, R.
T1 - Knowledge, Information, and Data Readiness Levels (KaRLs) for Risk Assessment, Communication, and Governance of Nano-, New, and Other Advanced Materials
N2 - The obvious benefits derived from the increasing use of engineered nano-, new, and advanced materials and associated products have to be weighed out by a governance process against their possible risks. Differences in risk perception (beliefs about potential harm) among stakeholders, in particular nonscientists, and low transparency of the underlying decision processes can lead to a lack of support and acceptance of nano-, new, and other advanced material enabled products. To integrate scientific outcomes with stakeholders needs, this work develops a new approach comprising a nine-level, stepwise categorization and guidance system entitled “Knowledge, Information, and Data Readiness Levels” (KaRLs), analogous to the NASA Technology Readiness Levels. The KaRL system assesses the type, extent, and usability of the available data, information, and knowledge and integrates the participation of relevant and interested stakeholders in a cocreation/codesign process to improve current risk assessment, communication, and governance. The novelty of the new system is to communicate and share all available and relevant elements on material related risks in a user/stakeholder-friendly, transparent, flexible, and holistic way and so stimulate reflection, awareness, communication, and a deeper understanding that ultimately enables the discursive process that is needed for the sustainable risk governance of new materials.
KW - Risk asessment
KW - Advanced materials
KW - TRL
KW - Governance
KW - Data readiness level
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575344
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200211
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Wiley-VCH
AN - OPUS4-57534
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brüngel, R.
A1 - Rückert, J.
A1 - Müller, P.
A1 - Babick, F.
A1 - Friedrich, C. M.
A1 - Ghanem, A.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Mech, A.
A1 - Weigel, S.
A1 - Wohlleben, W.
A1 - Rauscher, H.
T1 - NanoDefiner Framework and e-Tool Revisited According to the European Commission’s Nanomaterial Definition 2022/C 229/01
N2 - The new recommended definition of a nanomaterial, 2022/C 229/01, adopted by the European Commission in 2022, will have a considerable impact on European Union legislation addressing chemicals, and therefore tools to implement this new definition are urgently needed. The updated NanoDefiner framework and its e-tool implementation presented here are such instruments, which help stakeholders to find out in a straightforward way whether a material is a nanomaterial or not. They are two major outcomes of the NanoDefine project, which is explicitly referred to in the new definition. This work revisits the framework and e-tool, and elaborates necessary adjustments to make these outcomes applicable for the updated recommendation. A broad set of case studies on representative materials confirms the validity of these adjustments. To further foster the sustainability and applicability of the framework and e-tool, measures for the FAIRification of expert knowledge within the e-tool’s knowledge base are elaborated as well. The updated framework and e-tool are now ready to be used in line with the updated recommendation. The presented approach may serve as an example for reviewing existing guidance and tools developed for the previous definition 2011/696/EU, particularly those adopting NanoDefine project outcomes.
KW - Nanomaterial definition
KW - Nanomaterial categorisation
KW - Nanomaterial regulation
KW - Nanomaterial legislation
KW - Decision support
KW - FAIRification
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571618
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13060990
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 13
IS - 6 - Special Issue "Identification and Quantification of Nanomaterials"
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, CH
AN - OPUS4-57161
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zaghdoudi, Maha
A1 - Kömmling, Anja
A1 - Jaunich, Matthias
A1 - Wolff, Dietmar
T1 - Understanding the recovery behaviour and the degradative processes of EPDM during ageing
N2 - Recovery is an important measure for seal applications representing to which extent the elastomer regains its initial shape after deformation and release of an applied force. Compression set (CS) indicates the degree of recovery. Ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) was aged at 75 ◦C, 100 ◦C, 125 ◦C and 150 ◦C for different ageing times up to five years and compression set measurements were performed at different times after disassembly and after additional tempering. Short- and long-term recovery up to one year after release for samples aged at 125 ◦C and 150 ◦C was also studied. To assess the curvature in the Arrhenius diagram that may occur due to non-sufficiently aged specimens, a degradation-rate based model was fitted to the CS data after tempering. For each ageing temperature, two decay fit functions were proposed, each with an activation energy and a corresponding degradative process. The influence of ageing on the leak-tightness after fast small partial release is investigated and estimated through the analysis of the shift factors from time temperature superposition (TTS) of CS measurements at different times after disassembly. Shift factors of CS measurement after 1 s and after additional tempering are in good agreement.
KW - Compression set
KW - Ageing
KW - Recovery
KW - Degradative processes
KW - Leakage rate
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-573699
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.107987
SN - 0142-9418
VL - 121
SP - 107987
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-57369
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rockenhäuser, Christian
A1 - von Hartrott, P.
A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit
T1 - Brinell-Hardness data (HBW 2.5/62.5) of aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A after different aging times and temperatures
N2 - The article covers data on the Brinell hardness of the forged precipitation-hardened aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A in the initial T61 condition (i. e. slightly underaged) and after isothermal aging for up to 25,0 0 0 h at aging temperatures between 160 °C and 350 °C. In addition, the hardness was determined on specimens after creep testing at 190 °C and various stresses. The hardness decreases with increasing ag- ing time due to the microstructural evolution of the harden- ing precipitates. The drop occurs faster the higher the aging temperature. Aging under creep load additionally accelerates the hardness decrease.
KW - Aluminum alloy
KW - EN AW-2618A
KW - Brinell hardness
KW - Aging
KW - Creep
KW - Ostwald ripening
KW - Reheating
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567611
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108830
SN - 2352-3409
VL - 46
PB - Elsevier Inc.
AN - OPUS4-56761
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abel, Andreas
A1 - Rosalie, Julian
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Zapala, Pawel
A1 - Michels, Heiner
A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit
T1 - Influence of Mo and B additions in intermetallic near-Fe3Al alloys on microstructure and mechanical properties
N2 - Iron aluminides, already reported in the late 19th century, did not cease to attract the interest of scientists and engineers ever since. Besides good oxidation resistance, low density and resource availability, potentials for hightemperature strengths that compete with high-alloy steels were unlocked by low alloy contents. Still, research on alloy design continues, as alloying usually comes at the price of brittleness in low-temperature regimes. A potential candidate is the quinary Fe–Al–Mo–Ti–B system which is strengthened by solid solution and eutectic borides. It was shown to have good strength and outstanding creep resistance under compressive loading up to elevated temperatures. Although the individual effect of alloy additions is well understood in iron aluminides, little is known about the combined effects of alloying concentrations on microstructure, phase stability and mechanical properties. Therefore a systematic study of two Ti-doped near-Fe3Al alloys with varying contents of Mo (2–4 at.%) and B (0.5–1 at.%) was conducted. In total eight different alloys were fabricated by investment casting into ceramic shell molds. Alloys were characterized and compared by grain size, phase transitions, microstructure evolution as well as elemental compositions and volume fractions of phases. For mechanical characterization, macrohardness and microhardness tests as well as tensile tests at ambient and high tempera tures were conducted. Independent of alloy additions, alloys with 24–25 at.% Al exhibit superior proof strength due to a higher matrix hardness. Decreasing B content generally decreases strength by lower secondary phase fractions which contribute via particle hardening. Reducing Mo content decreases both the solute concentration in the matrix and secondary phase fractions. Surprisingly, strength is similar or even superior to alloys with higher Mo content. Strength relations are discussed with a focus on solid-solution hardening theory and other competing strengthening mechanisms.
KW - Materials Chemistry
KW - Metals and Alloys
KW - Mechanical Engineering
KW - Mechanics of Materials
KW - General Chemistry
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-585284
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2023.108074
VL - 163
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-58528
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sonntag, Nadja
A1 - Jürgens, Maria
A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit
A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen
T1 - Creep-fatigue of P92 in service-like tests with combined stress- and strain-controlled dwell times
N2 - Complex service-like relaxation- and creep-fatigue tests with strain- and stress-controlled dwells and fatigue cycle durations of approx. 2200 s were performed exemplarily on a grade P92 steel at 620 ◦C in this study. The results indicate deviations in the prevailing creep mechanisms of long-term relaxation and creep dwells, affecting subsequent dwells, load shifts, and the macroscopic softening behavior quite differently. In addition, fracture surfaces and longitudinal metallographic sections reveal intergranular crack growth for complex loading with stress-controlled dwells, whereas complex strain-controlled tests enhance oxidation and transgranular crack propagation. These findings substantiate the limited transferability of relaxation-fatigue to creep-fatigue conditions.
KW - Tempered martensite-ferritic steel
KW - P92
KW - Dwell periods
KW - Creep-fatigue interaction
KW - Stress relaxation
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-564239
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107381
SN - 0142-1123
VL - 168
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-56423
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein
A1 - Hanke, T.
A1 - Weber, M.
A1 - Eisenbart, M.
A1 - Bauer, F.
A1 - Meissner, R.
A1 - Dziwis, G.
A1 - Tikana, L.
A1 - Chen, Yue
A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit
T1 - Toward a digital materials mechanical testing lab
N2 - To accelerate the growth of Industry 4.0 technologies, the digitalization of mechanical testing laboratories as one of the main data-driven units of materials processing industries is introduced in this paper. The digital lab infrastructure consists of highly detailed and standard-compliant materials testing knowledge graphs for a wide range of mechanical testing processes, as well as some tools that enable the efficient ontology development and conversion of heterogeneous materials’ mechanical testing data to the machine-readable data of uniform and standardized structures. As a basis for designing such a digital lab, the mechanical testing ontology (MTO) was developed based on the ISO 23718 and ISO/IEC 21838-2 standards for the semantic representation of the mechanical testing experiments, quantities, artifacts, and report data. The trial digitalization of materials mechanical testing lab was successfully performed by utilizing the developed tools and knowledge graph of processes for converting the various experimental test data of heterogeneous structures, languages, and formats to standardized Resource Description Framework (RDF) data formats. The concepts of data storage and data sharing in data spaces were also introduced and SPARQL queries were utilized to evaluate how the introduced approach can result in the data retrieval and response to the competency questions. The proposed digital materials mechanical testing lab approach allows the industries to access lots of trustworthy and traceable mechanical testing data of other academic and industrial organizations, and subsequently organize various data-driven research for their faster and cheaper product development leading to a higher performance of products in engineering and ecological aspects.
KW - General Engineering
KW - General Computer Science
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582698
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2023.104016
SN - 0166-3615
VL - 153
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-58269
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yao, J.
A1 - Zhu, G.
A1 - Dong, K.
A1 - Osenberg, M.
A1 - Hilger, A.
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Ju, J.
A1 - Sun, F.
A1 - Manke, I.
A1 - Cui, G.
T1 - Progress and Perspective of Controlling Li Dendrites Growth in All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries via External Physical Fields
N2 - Li dendrites penetration through solid electrolytes (SEs) challenges the development of solid-state Li batteries (SSLBs). To date, significant efforts are devoted to understand the mechanistic dynamics of Li dendrites nucleation, growth, and propagation in SEs, and various strategies that aim to alleviate and even inhibit Li dendrite formation have been proposed. Nevertheless, most of these conventional strategies require either additional material processing steps or new materials/layers that eventually increase battery cost and complexity. In contrast, using external fields, such as mechanical force, temperature physical field, electric field, pulse current, and even magnetic field to regulate Li dendrites penetration through SEs, seems to be one of the most cost-effective strategies. This review focuses on the current research progress of utilizing external physical fields in regulating Li dendrites growth in SSLBs. For this purpose, the mechanical properties of Li and SEs, as well as the experimental results that visually track Li penetration dynamics, are reviewed. Finally, the review ends with remaining open questions in future studies of Li dendrites growth and penetration in SEs. It is hoped this review can shed some light on understanding the complex Li dendrite issues in SSLBs and potentially guide their rational design for further development.
KW - Li dendrites
KW - Li dendrites penetration mechanisms
KW - Solid electrolytes
KW - Solid-state batteries
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588331
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202300165
SN - 2699-9412
SP - 1
EP - 44
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-58833
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1 - Arlt, T.
A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander
A1 - Dayani, Shahabeddin
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - A Review of X-Ray Imaging at the BAMline (BESSY II)
N2 - The hard X-ray beamline BAMline at BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) has now been in service for 20 years. Several improvements have been implemented in this time, and this review provides an overview of the imaging methods available at the BAMline. Besides classic full-field synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT), also absorption edge CT, synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (SXRR), and synchrotron X-ray refraction tomography (SXRCT) are used for imaging. Moreover, virtually any of those techniques are currently coupled in situ or operando with ancillary equipment such as load rigs, furnaces, or potentiostats. Each of the available techniques is explained and both the current and the potential usage are described with corresponding examples. The potential use is manifold, the examples cover organic materials, composite materials, energy-related materials, biological samples, and materials related to additive manufacturing. The article includes published examples as well as some unpublished applications.
KW - Material science
KW - Radiography
KW - Refraction
KW - Tomography
KW - X-ray imaging
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572417
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202201034
SN - 1438-1656
SP - 1
EP - 22
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-57241
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - De la Hoz Alford, L.
A1 - Pecanha de Souza, C. G.
A1 - Paciornik, S.
A1 - d` Almeida, J. R. M.
A1 - Santos Leite, B.
A1 - Avila, H. C.
A1 - Léonard, F.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Three-Dimensional Characterization of Polyurethane Foams Based on Biopolyols
N2 - Two biopolyol-based foams derived from banana leaves (BL) or stems (BS) were produced, and their compression mechanical behavior and 3D microstructure were characterized. Traditional compression and in situ tests were performed during 3D image acquisition using X-ray microtomography. A methodology of image acquisition, processing, and analysis was developed to discriminate the foam cells and measure their numbers, volumes, and shapes along with the compression steps.
The two foams had similar compression behaviors, but the average cell volume was five times larger for the BS foam than the BL foam. It was also shown that the number of cells increased with increasing compression while the average cell volume decreased. Cell shapes were elongated and did not change with compression. A possible explanation for these characteristics was proposed based on the possibility of cell collapse. The developed methodology will facilitate a broader study of biopolyol-based foams intending to verify the possibility of using these foams as green alternatives to the typical petrol-based foams.
KW - Compression mechanical
KW - Biopolyol
KW - Banana
KW - 3D microstructure
KW - X-ray microtomography
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571982
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16052118
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 16
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-57198
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mouiya, M.
A1 - Martynyuk, M.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Laquai, R.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Doyen, N.T.
A1 - Tamraoui, Y.
A1 - Serrano-Munoz, Itziar
A1 - Huger, M.
A1 - Kachanov, M.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - The stress–strain behavior of refractory microcracked aluminum titanate: The effect of zigzag microcracks and its modeling
N2 - The stress–strain behavior of ceramics, such as aluminum titanate, has certain features that are unusual for brittle materials—in particular, a substantial nonlinearity under uniaxial tension, and load–unload hysteresis caused by the sharp increase of the incremental stiffness at the beginning of unloading. These features are observed experimentally and are attributed to microcracking. Here we compare different degrees of stress–strain nonlinearity of aluminum titanate materials and quantitatively model them. We use advanced mechanical testing to observe the mechanical response at room and high temperature; electron microscopy, and X-ray refraction radiography to observe the microstructural changes. Experiments show that two types of microcracks can be distinguished: (i) microcracks induced by cooling from the sintering temperature (due to heterogeneity and anisotropy of thermal expansion), with typical sizes of the order of grain size, and (ii) much larger microcracks generated by the mechanical loading. The two microcrack types produce different effects on the stress–strain curves. Such microcracks and the features of the stress–strain behavior depend on the density of the cooling-induced microcracks and on the distribution of grain sizes. They are modeled analytically and numerically.
KW - Hystersis
KW - Nonlinear stress-strain curve
KW - Refractory
KW - Stiffness
KW - X-ray refraction
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-580517
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.19325
SN - 1551-2916
VL - 106
SP - 6995
EP - 7008
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford [u.a.]
AN - OPUS4-58051
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Serrano-Munoz, Itziar
A1 - Laquai, René
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Anwendungen der Röntgenrefraktionstechnik zur zerstörungsfreien Charakterisierung von Keramiken und Verbundwerkstoffen
N2 - Die Brechung von Röntgenstrahlen (Röntgenrefraktion) an Grenzflächen zwischen Materialien unterschiedlicher Dichte ist analog zur Ablenk-ung von sichtbarem Licht an z.B. Glasoberflächen. Es gibt jedoch zwei wesentliche Unterschiede:
a) konvexe Grenzflächen verursachen Divergenz (d.h. der Brechungsindex n ist kleiner als 1), und
b) die Ablenkungswinkel sind sehr klein, und reichen von einigen Bogensekunden bis zu einigen Bogenminuten (d.h. n ist nahe bei 1);
Wie auch bei sichtbarem Licht ist die Ablenkungsrichtung der Röntgenstrahlen abhängig von der Orientierung der durchstrahlten Grenzfläche. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften eignen sich Röntgenrefraktionsmethoden hervorragend für:
a) die Erkennung und Quantifizierung von Defekten wie Poren und Mikrorissen und
b) die Bewertung von Porosität und Partikeleigenschaften wie Orientierung, Größe und räumliche Verteilung.
Wir zeigen die Anwendung der Röntgenrefraktionsradiographie (2,5D Technik) und der -tomographie (3D Technik) für die Untersuchung verschiedener Probleme in der Werkstoffwissenschaft und -technologie:
a) Sintern von SiC-Grünkörpern
b) Porositätsanalyse in Dieselpartikelfiltersilikaten
c) Faser-Matrix-Haftung in Metall- und Polymermatrixverbundwerkstoffen
d) Mikrorissbildung in Glaskeramik.
Wir zeigen, dass der Einsatz von Röntgenrefraktionsmethoden quantitative Ergebnisse liefert, die direkt als Parameter in Werkstoffmodellen verwendet werden können.
T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2023
CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany
DA - 15.05.2023
KW - Röntgen-Refraktion
KW - Verbundwerkstoffe
KW - Keramik
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576171
UR - https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2023/BB180/Inhalt/p9.pdf
UR - https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2023/BB180/Inhalt/default.htm
SN - 978-3-947971-29-9
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-57617
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana
A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1 - Piault, Pierre
A1 - King, Andrew
A1 - Henry, Laura
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Understanding the hot isostatic pressing efectiveness of laser powder bed fusion Ti‑6Al‑4V by in‑situ X‑ray imaging and difraction experiments
N2 - In the present study, in-situ observation of Hot Isostatic Pressure (HIP) procedure of laser powder bed fusion manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts was performed to quantitatively estimate the densifcation rate of the material and the infuence of the defect initial size and shape on such rate. The observations were performed in-situ using the Ultrafast Tomography Paris-Edinburgh Cell and the combination of fast phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray tomography and energy dispersive difraction. With this strategy, we could quantify how the efectiveness of HIP depends on the characteristics of a defect. Smaller defects showed a higher densifcation rate, while the defect shape did not have signifcant efect on such rate.
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - Laser powder bed fusion
KW - X-ray computed tomography
KW - Hot isostatic pressing
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587702
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45258-1
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 11
AN - OPUS4-58770
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fernández, R.
A1 - Bokuchava, G.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
A1 - Serrano-Munoz, Itziar
A1 - González Doncel, G.
T1 - On the dependence of creep-induced dislocation configurations on crystallographic orientation in pure Al and Al-Mg
N2 - The peak broadening in neutron diffraction experiments on tensile specimens of pure Al (99.8%) and an Al-Mg alloy pre-deformed at different creep strains is analysed. These results are combined with the kernel angular misorientation of electron backscatter diffraction data from the creep-deformed microstructures. It is found that differently oriented grains possess different microstrains. These microstrains vary with creep strain in pure Al, but not in the Al-Mg alloy. It is proposed that this behaviour can explain the power-law breakdown in pure Al and the large creep strain observed in Al-Mg. The present findings further corroborate a description of the creep-induced dislocation structure as a fractal, predicated on previous work.
KW - Creep
KW - Aluminium alloys
KW - Dislocations
KW - Fractals
KW - Diffraction peak width
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575527
DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723003771
SN - 0021-8898
VL - 56
IS - Pt 3
SP - 764
EP - 775
AN - OPUS4-57552
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Trappe, Volker
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Rissentwicklung in CFK-Laminaten nachgewiesen durch in situ Röntgen-Refraktion
N2 - In Leichtbauanwendungen sind Materialien mit geringen Dichten und hohen Festigkeiten gefragt. Insbesondere Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunde (FKV) erfüllen diese Anforderungen und werden zunehmend für Strukturbauteile eingesetzt. Die Oberflächen moderner Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen werden aus FKV gefertigt. Das Versagen dieser Materialien hat massiven Einfluss auf die Einsatzfähigkeit der gesamten Windkraftanlage. Daher ist die Kenntnis des Versagensverhaltens dieser Komponenten unter statischer und zyklischer Belastung von großem Interesse, um die Betriebsbeanspruchung abzuschätzen. Im Idealfall wird die Schadensentwicklung unter Betriebslast mit zerstörungsfreien in-situ-Prüfverfahren ermittelt. Hier berichten wir über die Beobachtung der Rissentwicklung in Carbon-Faserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) unter kontinuierlicher Zugbelastung durch in-situ Synchrotron-Röntgenrefraktionsradiographie. Eine selbst entwickelte elektromechanische Zugprüfmaschine mit einem Kraftbereich bis zu 15 kN wurde in den Strahlengang an der BAMline (BESSY II) integriert. Da in herkömmlichen (Absorptions-) Radiographien Defekte wie Zwischenfaserbrüche oder Faser-Matrix-Enthaftung keinen ausreichenden Kontrast verursachen, wird zur Kontrastanhebung die Röntgenrefraktion benutzt. Hier wird das sogenannte Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI) angewandt, um Primär- und gebrochene Strahlung mit Hilfe eines Analysatorkristalls zu trennen. Diese Technik ermöglicht schnelle Messungen mit einem Gesichtsfeld von einigen Quadratmillimetern (hier: 14 mm × 7.2 mm) und ist ideal für in-situ Untersuchungen. Die Bildgebung und der Zugversuch erfolgen mit einer Bildfrequenz von 0.7 / s und einer Dehnrate von 0.00055 / s . Bei 0°/90° Fasergelegen treten die ersten Zwischenfaserrisse bei 380 MPa (Dehnung 0.8 %) auf. Vor dem Versagen bei ca. 760 MPa (Dehnung 2.0 %) beobachten wir die Ausbildung eines nahezu äquidistanten Rissmusters (Risse in ca. 1 mm Abstand), das sich im geschädigten Zustand über die gesamte Probe erstreckt.
T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2023
CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany
DA - 15.05.2023
KW - Röntgen-Refraktion
KW - Synchrotronstrahlung
KW - CFK
KW - Rissentwicklung
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576230
SN - 978-3-947971-29-9
VL - BB 180
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-57623
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tsamos, Athanasios
A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1 - Fioresi, R.
A1 - Faglioni, F.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Synthetic Data Generation for Automatic Segmentation of X-ray Computed Tomography Reconstructions of Complex Microstructures
N2 - The greatest challenge when using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for automatic segmentation of microstructural X-ray computed tomography (XCT) data is the acquisition of sufficient and relevant data to train the working network. Traditionally, these have been attained by manually annotating a few slices for 2D DCNNs. However, complex multiphase microstructures would presumably be better segmented with 3D networks. However, manual segmentation labeling for 3D problems is prohibitive. In this work, we introduce a method for generating synthetic XCT data for a challenging six-phase Al–Si alloy composite reinforced with ceramic fibers and particles. Moreover, we propose certain data augmentations (brightness, contrast, noise, and blur), a special in-house designed deep convolutional neural network (Triple UNet), and a multi-view forwarding strategy to promote generalized learning from synthetic data and therefore achieve successful segmentations. We obtain an overall Dice score of 0.77. Lastly, we prove the detrimental effects of artifacts in the XCT data on achieving accurate segmentations when synthetic data are employed for training the DCNNs. The methods presented in this work are applicable to other materials and imaging techniques as well. Successful segmentation coupled with neural networks trained with synthetic data will accelerate scientific output.
KW - Automatic segmentation
KW - 3D deep convolutional neural network (3D DCNN)
KW - Dice score
KW - Metal matrix composite (MMC)
KW - Modified U-Net architectures
KW - Multi-phase materials
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571243
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9020022
VL - 9
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 23
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-57124
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rabe, T.
A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard
A1 - Mieller, Björn
T1 - Manufacturing and deformation behavior of alumina and zirconia helical springs at room temperature
N2 - Ceramic helical springs with identical dimensions were produced by hard machining from alumina, alumina toughened zirconia (ATZ), and tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) stabilized with different oxides. According to the results of the spring constant determination under deformation rates of 3 mm/min, the deformation behavior of all ceramic springs obeys to Hook’s law. However, variation of the deformation rate, tests under constant load, and spring recovery behavior revealed differences in the deformation behavior of alumina, TZP, and ATZ springs. Alumina springs exhibited time-independent deformation in all tests. In contrast, anelastic deformation at room temperature was demonstrated in all springs containing TZP. This deformation is completely reversible over a period of several days. Anelastic behavior is particularly pronounced in Y-TZP springs, whereas Ce-TZP springs exhibit comparatively very low but still reliably detectable anelasticity. Oxygen vacancies in the TZP ceramic are considered the most likely explanation for the anelastic behavior of TZP springs at room temperature.
KW - Alumina
KW - Creep
KW - Elastic properties
KW - Zirconia
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571858
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.19085
SN - 0002-7820
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford [u.a.]
AN - OPUS4-57185
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Feltin, N.
A1 - Crouzier, L.
A1 - Delvallée, A.
A1 - Pellegrino, F
A1 - Maurino, V.
A1 - Bartczak, D.
A1 - Goenaga-Infante, H.
A1 - Taché, O.
A1 - Marguet, S.
A1 - Testard, F.
A1 - Artous, S.
A1 - Saint-Antonin, F.
A1 - Salzmann, Christoph
A1 - Deumer, J.
A1 - Gollwitzer, C.
A1 - Koops, R.
A1 - Sebaïhi, N.
A1 - Fontanges, R.
A1 - Neuwirth, M.
A1 - Bergmann, D.
A1 - Hüser, D.
A1 - Klein, T.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Metrological Protocols for Reaching Reliable and SI-Traceable Size Results for Multi-Modal and Complexly Shaped Reference Nanoparticles
N2 - The study described in this paper was conducted in the framework of the European nPSize project (EMPIR program) with the main objective of proposing new reference certified nanomaterials for the market in order to improve the reliability and traceability of nanoparticle size measurements. For this purpose, bimodal populations as well as complexly shaped nanoparticles (bipyramids, cubes, and rods) were synthesized. An inter-laboratory comparison was organized for comparing the size measurements of the selected nanoparticle samples performed with electron microscopy (TEM, SEM, and TSEM), scanning probe microscopy (AFM), or small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results demonstrate good consistency of the measured size by the different techniques in cases where special care was taken for sample preparation, instrument calibration, and the clear definition of the measurand. For each characterization method, the calibration process is described and a semi-quantitative table grouping the main error sources is proposed for estimating the uncertainties associated with the measurements. Regarding microscopy-based techniques applied to complexly shaped nanoparticles, data dispersion can be observed when the size measurements are affected by the orientation of the nanoparticles on the substrate. For the most complex materials, hybrid approaches combining several complementary techniques were tested, with the outcome being that the reliability of the size results was improved.
KW - Certified reference nanomaterials
KW - Traceable nanoparticle size measurements;
KW - Hybrid metrology
KW - Scanning probe microscopy
KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering
KW - Electron microscopy
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571902
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13060993
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 13
IS - 6 - Special Issue "Identification and Quantification of Nanomaterials"
SP - 1
EP - 25
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, CH
AN - OPUS4-57190
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Colmenares, Daniel
A1 - Costa, Giancarlo
A1 - Civera, Marco
A1 - Surace, Cecilia
A1 - Karoumi, Raid
T1 - Quantification of the human–structure interaction effect through full-scale dynamic testing: The Folke Bernadotte Bridge
N2 - An analytical expression for the frequency response function of a coupled pedestrian-bridge system is presented and evaluated using an experimental measurement campaign performed on the Folke Bernadotte Bridge in Stockholm, Sweden. A finite element model and the modal models that consider the human–structure interaction effect are calibrated with respect to the measurements. The properties of the spring–mass–damper model representing the pedestrians were identified, considering the different structural modes of the system. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental and theoretical frequency response functions. A sensitivity analysis of the obtained solution was performed, validating the determined analytical expression for the frequency response function of the coupled pedestrian-bridge system that takes into account the human–structure interaction effect.
KW - Safety
KW - Building and Construction
KW - Architecture
KW - Civil and Structural Engineering
KW - Risk
KW - Reliability
KW - Quality
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-584038
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.06.133
SN - 2352-0124
VL - 55
SP - 2249
EP - 2265
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-58403
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bresch, Sophie
A1 - Stargardt, Patrick
A1 - Moos, Ralf
A1 - Mieller, Björn
T1 - Co‐Fired Multilayer Thermoelectric Generators Based on Textured Calcium Cobaltite
N2 - Thermoelectric generators are very attractive devices for waste heat energy harvesting as they transform a temperature difference into electrical power. However, commercially available generators show poor power density and limited operation temperatures. Research focuses on high‐temperature materials and innovative generator designs. Finding the optimal design for a given material system is challenging. Here, a theoretical framework is provided that allows appropriate generator design selection based on the particular material properties. For high‐temperature thermoelectric oxides, it can be clearly deduced that unileg multilayer generators have the highest potential for effective energy harvesting. Based on these considerations, prototype unileg multilayer generators from the currently best thermoelectric oxide Ca3Co4O9 are manufactured for the first time by industrially established ceramic multilayer technology. These generators exhibit a power density of 2.2 mW/cm² at a temperature difference of 260 K, matching simulated values and confirming the suitability of the technology. Further design improvements increase the power density by a factor of 22 to facilitate practicable power output at temperature differences as low as 7 K. This work demonstrates that reasonable energy harvesting at elevated temperatures is possible with oxide materials and appropriate multilayer design.
KW - Optical and Magnetic Materials
KW - Electronic
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-596306
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202300636
SN - 2199-160X
VL - 10
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-59630
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tsamos, Athanasios
A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1 - Fioresi, Rita
A1 - Faglioni, Francesco
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - A Complete Strategy to Achieve High Precision Automatic Segmentation of Challenging Experimental X‐Ray Computed Tomography Data Using Low‐Resemblance Synthetic Training Data
N2 - It is shown that preconditioning of experimental X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) data is critical to achieve high‐precision segmentation scores. The challenging experimental XCT datasets and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are used that are trained with low‐resemblance synthetic XCT data. The material used is a 6‐phase Al–Si metal matrix composite‐reinforced with ceramic fibers and particles. To achieve generalization, in our past studies, specific data augmentation techniques were proposed for the synthetic XCT training data. In addition, two toolsets are devised: (1) special 3D DCNN architecture (3D Triple_UNet), slicing the experimental XCT data from multiple views (MultiView Forwarding), the i.S.Sy.Da.T.A. iterative segmentation algorithm, and (2) nonlocal means (NLM) conditioning (filtering) for the experimental XCT data. This results in good segmentation Dice scores across all phases compared to more standard approaches (i.e., standard UNet architecture, single view slicing, standard single training, and NLM conditioning). Herein, the NLM filter is replaced with the deep conditioning framework BAM SynthCOND introduced in a previous publication, which can be trained with synthetic XCT data. This leads to a significant segmentation precision increase for all phases. The proposed methods are potentially applicable to other materials and imaging techniques.
KW - Automatic Segmentation
KW - XCT
KW - Artificial Intelligence
KW - Synthetic Training Data
KW - i.S.Sy.Da.T.A.
KW - BAM SynthMAT
KW - BAM SynthCOND
KW - Triple UNet
KW - Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN)
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-590912
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202301030
SN - 1438-1656
VL - 26
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Wiley online library
AN - OPUS4-59091
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Spitzer, Stefan
A1 - Riesner, G.
A1 - Zakel, S.
A1 - Schierding, C.
T1 - A New Ignition Source for the Determination of Safety Characteristics of Gases
N2 - Safety characteristics are used to keep processes, including flammable gases, vapors, and combustible dusts, safe. In the standards for the determination of safety characteristics of gases and vapors, the induction spark is commonly used. However, classic transformers are hard to obtain, and replacement with new electronic transformers is not explicitly allowed in the standards. This article presents the investigation of five gases that are normally used to calibrate devices for the determination of safety characteristics, the maximum experimental safe gap (MESG), with an electronic transformer, and the values are compared to the ones that are obtained with the standard transformer. Additionally, calorimetric measurements on the net energy of both ignition sources were performed as well as open-circuit voltage measurements. It is concluded that the classic type of transformer can be replaced by the new type obtaining the same results for the MESG and introducing the same amount of energy into the system.
KW - Safety characteristics
KW - Ignition sources
KW - MESG
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578528
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/gases3030007
VL - 3
IS - 3
SP - 106
EP - 111
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-57852
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sano, Silvia Di
A1 - Costa, Giancarlo
A1 - Giordano, Pier Francesco
A1 - Pregnolato, Maria
A1 - Limongelli, Maria Pina
T1 - Multi‐risk assessment for bridges: The application of the Italian Guidelines
N2 - Bridges are essential elements in the built environment since they underpin the functioning of transportation systems. Nevertheless, they are vulnerable due to aggressive environment, demand beyond the design level, and other contingencies such as extreme events. The management of bridges represents a significant challenge for improving transport performance and ensure the safety of users. In Italy, bridge management is addressed by the recent “Guidelines for risk classification and management, safety evaluation and monitoring of existing bridges” which were issued by the Italian Ministry for Public Work in 2020. The guidelines propose an operational approach with distinctive characteristics: (i) risk‐based, i.e., based on the typical parameters of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure; (ii) multi‐level, i.e., they include six assessment levels (0‐5) of increasing complexity; and (iii) multi‐risk, i.e., they assess structural/foundation, seismic, hydrological and landslide risk. This paper presents a general overview of the 2020 Italian Guidelines and their application to a selected case study. Lessons from the application to the case study are drafted and possible criticalities highlighted.
KW - Bridge management
KW - Infrastructures
KW - Italian guidelines
KW - Structural safety
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Risk classification
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653392
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2046
SN - 2509-7075
VL - 6
IS - 5
SP - 772
EP - 779
PB - Wiley
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-65339
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Filimonova, S. M.
A1 - Melnikov, E. S.
A1 - Kaufmann, Jan Ole
A1 - Shchepochkina, O. Y.
A1 - Eremin, S. A.
A1 - Gravel, I. V.
A1 - Raysyan, Anna
T1 - Exploring the anti‐α‐amylase activity of flavonoid aglycones in fabaceae plant extracts: a combined MALDI‐TOF‐MS and LC–MS/MS approach
N2 - A combination of TLC-bioautography, MALDI-TOF-MS and LC–MS/MS methods was used to identify flavonoids with anti-α-amylase activity in extracts of Lathyrus pratensis L. (herb), L. polyphillus L. (fruits), Thermopsis lanceolata R. Br. (herb) and S. japonica L. (buds). After the TLC-autobiography assay, substances with anti-amylase activity were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS followed by confirmation of the result by LC–MS/MS. Results of the study revealed that the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, formononetin, genistein and kaempferol display marked anti-α-amylase activity. Formononetin showed the largest activity. Compared with LC–MS/MS, MALDI-TOF-MS is a quick and convenient method; results can be obtained within minutes; and only minor sample amounts are required which allows us to analyse mixtures of substances without preliminary separation. However, the inability to distinguish between isomers is the main limitation of the method.
KW - Enzyme
KW - MALDI-TOF-MS
KW - LC-MS/MS
KW - Massenspektrometrie
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-577128
DO - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.16491
SN - 0950-5423
VL - 58
IS - 7
SP - 3902
EP - 3911
PB - Wiley & Sons
CY - Hoboken, NJ, USA
AN - OPUS4-57712
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kader, A.
A1 - Kaufmann, Jan Ole
A1 - Mangarova, D. B.
A1 - Moeckel, J.
A1 - Adams, L. C.
A1 - Brangsch, J.
A1 - Heyl, J. L.
A1 - Zhao, J.
A1 - Verlemann, C.
A1 - Karst, U.
A1 - Collettini, F.
A1 - Auer, T. A.
A1 - Hamm, B.
A1 - Makowski, M. R.
T1 - Collagen-specific molecular magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer
N2 - Constant interactions between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). One of the key components of the ECM are collagen fibers, since they are responsible for the tissue stiffness, growth, adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion/metastasis, cell signaling, and immune recruitment of tumor cells. To explore this molecular marker in the content of PCa, we investigated two different tumor volumes (500 mm3 and 1000 mm3) of a xenograft mouse model of PCa with molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a collagen-specific probe. For in vivo MRI evaluation, T1-weighted sequences before and after probe administration were analyzed. No significant signal difference between the two tumor volumes could be found. However, we detected a significant difference between the signal intensity of the peripheral tumor area and the central area of the tumor, at both 500 mm3 (p < 0.01, n = 16) and at 1000 mm3 (p < 0.01, n = 16). The results of our histologic analyses confirmed the in vivo studies: There was no significant difference in the amount of collagen between the two tumor volumes (p > 0.05), but within the tumor, higher collagen expression was observed in the peripheral area compared with the central area of the tumor. Laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry further confirmed these results. The 1000 mm3 tumors contained 2.8 +- 1.0% collagen and the 500 mm3 tumors contained 3.2 +- 1.2% (n = 16). There was a strong correlation between the in vivo MRI data and the ex vivo histological data (y = 0.068x + 1.1; R2 = 0.74) (n = 16). The results of elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry supported the MRI data (y = 3.82x + 0.56; R2 = 0.79; n = 7). MRI with the collagen-specific probe in PCa enables differentiation between different tumor areas. This may help to differentiate tumor from healthy tissue, potentially identifying tumor areas with a specific tumor biology.
KW - Molecular imaging
KW - Magnetic resonance imaging
KW - MRI
KW - Prostate cancer
KW - Collagen
KW - Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy
KW - EP-3533
KW - Peptide probe
KW - Gd-DOTA
KW - Contrast agent
KW - Tumor
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568449
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010711
SN - 1422-0067
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 24
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-56844
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tscheuschner, Georg
A1 - Ponader, Marco
A1 - Raab, Christopher
A1 - Weider, Prisca S.
A1 - Hartfiel, Reni
A1 - Kaufmann, Jan Ole
A1 - Völzke, Jule L.
A1 - Bosc-Bierne, Gaby
A1 - Prinz, Carsten
A1 - Schwaar, T.
A1 - Andrle, Paul
A1 - Bäßler, Henriette
A1 - Nguyen, Khoa
A1 - Zhu, Y.
A1 - Mey, A. S. J. S.
A1 - Mostafa, A.
A1 - Bald, I.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Efficient Purification of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus by a Novel Peptide Aptamer
N2 - The cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) is a plant virus explored as a nanotechnological platform. The robust self-assembly mechanism of its capsid protein allows for drug encapsulation and targeted delivery. Additionally, the capsid nanoparticle can be used as a programmable platform to display different molecular moieties. In view of future applications, efficient production and purification of plant viruses are key steps. In established protocols, the need for ultracentrifugation is a significant limitation due to cost, difficult scalability, and safety issues. In addition, the purity of the final virus isolate often remains unclear. Here, an advanced protocol for the purification of the CCMV from infected plant tissue was developed, focusing on efficiency, economy, and final purity. The protocol involves precipitation with PEG 8000, followed by affinity extraction using a novel peptide aptamer. The efficiency of the protocol was validated using size exclusion chromatography, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, reversed-phase HPLC, and sandwich immunoassay. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the final eluate of the affinity column is of exceptional purity (98.4%) determined by HPLC and detection at 220 nm. The scale-up of our proposed method seems to be straightforward, which opens the way to the large-scale production of such nanomaterials. This highly improved protocol may facilitate the use and implementation of plant viruses as nanotechnological platforms for in vitro and in vivo applications.
N2 - Das Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) ist ein Pflanzenvirus, das als nanotechnologische Plattform erforscht wird. Der robuste Selbstorganisationsmechanismus seines Kapsidproteins ermöglicht die Verkapselung und gezielte Abgabe von Medikamenten. Darüber hinaus kann das Kapsid-Nanopartikel als programmierbare Plattform für die Präsentation verschiedener molekularer Komponenten verwendet werden. Im Hinblick auf künftige Anwendungen ist eine effiziente Produktion und Reinigung von Pflanzenviren von entscheidender Bedeutung. In etablierten Protokollen stellt die notwendige Ultrazentrifugation aufgrund von Kosten, schwieriger Skalierbarkeit und Sicherheitsaspekten eine erhebliche Einschränkung dar. Darüber hinaus bleibt die Reinheit des endgültigen Virusisolats oft unklar. Hier wurde ein fortschrittliches Protokoll für die Reinigung von CCMV aus infiziertem Pflanzengewebe entwickelt, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf Effizienz, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Reinheit lag. Das Protokoll beinhaltet eine Fällung mit Polyethylenglycol (PEG 8000), gefolgt von einer Affinitätsextraktion mit einem neuartigen Peptid-Aptamer. Die Effizienz des Protokolls wurde mithilfe von Größenausschluss-Chromatographie (SEC), MALDI-TOF-Massenspektrometrie, Umkehrphasen-HPLC und Sandwich-Immunoassay validiert. Darüber hinaus wurde nachgewiesen, dass das endgültige Eluat der Affinitätssäule eine außergewöhnliche Reinheit (98,4 %) aufweist, die durch HPLC und Detektion bei 220 nm bestimmt wurde. Die Skalierung der von uns vorgeschlagenen Methode scheint einfach zu sein, was den Weg für eine größer angelegte Produktion solcher Nanomaterialien ebnet. Dieses stark verbesserte Protokoll könnte die Verwendung und Umsetzung von Pflanzenviren als nanotechnologische Plattformen für In-vitro- und In-vivo-Anwendungen erleichtern.
KW - Affinity chromatography
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Nanoscience
KW - Carrier protein
KW - Encapsulation
KW - Combinatorial peptide library
KW - Peptide binder
KW - Vigna unguiculata
KW - Augenbohne
KW - Schlangenbohne
KW - Pflanzenvirus
KW - Plant virus
KW - Upscaling
KW - Commercialization
KW - Reference material
KW - Nanocarrier
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572645
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030697
VL - 15
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 24
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
AN - OPUS4-57264
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Beslic, D.
A1 - Tscheuschner, Georg
A1 - Renard, B. Y.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Muth, Thilo
T1 - Comprehensive evaluation of peptide de novo sequencing tools for monoclonal antibody assembly
N2 - Monoclonal antibodies are biotechnologically produced proteins with various applications in research, therapeutics and diagnostics. Their ability to recognize and bind to specific molecule structures makes them essential research tools and therapeutic agents. Sequence information of antibodies is helpful for understanding antibody–antigen interactions and ensuring their affinity and specificity. De novo protein sequencing based on mass spectrometry is a valuable method to obtain the amino acid sequence of peptides and proteins without a priori knowledge. In this study, we evaluated six recently developed de novo peptide sequencing algorithms (Novor, pNovo 3, DeepNovo, SMSNet, PointNovo and Casanovo), which were not specifically designed for antibody data. We validated their ability to identify and assemble antibody sequences on three multi-enzymatic data sets. The deep learning-based tools Casanovo and PointNovo showed an increased peptide recall across different enzymes and data sets compared with spectrum-graph-based approaches. We evaluated different error types of de novo peptide sequencing tools and their performance for different numbers of missing cleavage sites, noisy spectra and peptides of various lengths. We achieved a sequence coverage of 97.69–99.53% on the light chains of three different antibody data sets using the de Bruijn assembler ALPS and the predictions from Casanovo. However, low sequence coverage and accuracy on the heavy chains demonstrate that complete de novo protein sequencing remains a challenging issue in proteomics that requires improved de novo error correction, alternative digestion strategies and hybrid approaches such as homology search to achieve high accuracy on long protein sequences.
KW - De novo peptide sequencing
KW - Bioinformatics
KW - Benchmarking study
KW - Monoclonal antibody
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Sequence coverage
KW - Light chains
KW - Heavy chains
KW - IgG
KW - Immunoglobulins
KW - Error correction
KW - Sequencing algorithm
KW - Preprocessing
KW - Missing fragmentation sites
KW - Deep learning-based tools
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570363
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbac542
VL - 24
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Oxford University Press
AN - OPUS4-57036
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J.
A1 - Bothen, N.
A1 - Backes, A. T.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Pöschl, U.
T1 - Oligomerization and tyrosine nitration enhance the allergenic potential of the birch and grass pollen allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5
N2 - Protein modifications such as oligomerization and tyrosine nitration alter the immune response to allergens and may contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases. In this mini-review, we summarize and discuss relevant findings for the major birch and grass pollen allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 modified with tetranitromethane (laboratory studies), peroxynitrite (physiological processes), and ozone and nitrogen dioxide environmental conditions). We focus on tyrosine nitration and the formation of protein dimers and higher oligomers via dityrosine cross-linking and the immunological effects studied.
N2 - Proteinmodifikationen wie Oligomerisierung und Tyrosinnitrierung verändern die Immunantwort auf Allergene und tragen möglicherweise zur zunehmenden Prävalenz allergischer Erkrankungen bei. In diesem Mini-Review fassen wir relevante Befunde zu den wichtigsten Birken- und Gräserpollenallergenen Bet v 1 und Phl p 5 zusammen, die mit Tetranitromethan (Laborstudien), Peroxynitrit (physiologische Prozesse) und Ozon und Stickstoffdioxid (Umweltbedingungen). Wir konzentrieren uns auf die Tyrosin-Nitrierung und die Bildung von Proteindimeren und höheren Oligomeren durch Dityrosin-Vernetzung und deren immunologischen Auswirkungen.
KW - Allergy
KW - Nitration
KW - Protein oligomers
KW - Air pollution
KW - Ozone
KW - Nitrogen oxides
KW - Tyrosine
KW - Nitrotyrosine
KW - Dityrosine
KW - Dityrosine crosslinking
KW - Protein degradation
KW - Neoepitopes
KW - Neoallergen
KW - IgE
KW - Immunoglobulin E
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-591453
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2023.1303943
VL - 4
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Switzerland
AN - OPUS4-59145
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reinmuth-Selzle, K.
A1 - Bellinghausen, I.
A1 - Leifke, A. L.
A1 - Backes, A. T.
A1 - Bothen, N.
A1 - Ziegler, K.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
A1 - Saloga, J.
A1 - Schuppan, D.
A1 - Lucas, K.
A1 - Pöschl, U.
A1 - Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J.
T1 - Chemical modification by peroxynitrite enhances TLR4 activation of the grass pollen allergen Phl p 5
N2 - The chemical modification of aeroallergens by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) may contribute to the growing prevalence of respiratory allergies in industrialized countries. Post-translational modifications can alter the immunological properties of proteins, but the underlying mechanisms and effects are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation of the major birch and grass pollen allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5, and how the physiological oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO–) changes the TLR4 activation through protein nitration and the formation of protein dimers and higher oligomers. Of the two allergens, Bet v 1 exhibited no TLR4 activation, but we found TLR4 activation of Phl p 5, which increased after modification with ONOO– and may play a role in the sensitization against this grass pollen allergen. We attribute the TLR4 activation mainly to the two-domain structure of Phl p 5 which may promote TLR4 dimerization and activation. The enhanced TLR4 signaling of the modified allergen indicates that the ONOO–-induced modifications affect relevant protein-receptor interactions. This may lead to increased sensitization to the grass pollen allergen and thus contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergies in the Anthropocene, the present era of globally pervasive anthropogenic influence on the environment.
KW - Bet v 1
KW - Birch pollen allergen
KW - Phl p 5
KW - Grass pollen
KW - Phleum pratense
KW - Betula pendula
KW - Nitration
KW - Nitrotyrosine
KW - Protein nitration
KW - Toll-like receptor 4
KW - Allergy
KW - Enhancement
KW - Oligomerization
KW - Dimerization
KW - TLR4 activation
KW - Air pollution
KW - Nitrogen oxides
KW - Inflammation
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570298
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2023.1066392
VL - 4
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Frontiers Media SA
CY - Lausanne, Switzerland
AN - OPUS4-57029
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tchipilov, Teodor
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) of aromatic amino acids for protein quantification
N2 - Hydrolysis of protein samples into amino acids facilitates the use of NMR spectroscopy for protein and peptide quantification. Different conditions have been tested for quantifying aromatic amino acids and proteins. The pH-dependent signal shifts in the aromatic region of amino acid samples were examined. A pH of 12 was found to minimize signal overlap of the four aromatic amino acids. Several aromatic compounds, such as terephthalic acid, sulfoisophthalic acid, and benzene tricarboxylic acid, were applied as internal standards. The quantification of amino acids from an amino acid standard was performed. Using the first two suggested internal standards, recovery was ~97% for histidine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine at a concentration of approximately 1 mM in solution. Acidic hydrolysis of a certified reference material (CRM) of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and subsequent quantification of Phe and Tyr yielded recoveries of 98% ± 2% and 88% ± 4%, respectively, at a protein concentration of 16 g/L or 250 µM.
KW - Amino acid analysis
KW - Aromatic amino acid analysis
KW - AAA
KW - AAAA
KW - Protein hydrolysis
KW - Hydrochloric acid
KW - Metrology
KW - Traceability
KW - NIST
KW - Reference materials
KW - Internal standard
KW - Calibration
KW - Compound-independent calibration
KW - Histidine
KW - Tyrosine
KW - Tryptophan
KW - Phenylalanine
KW - Terephthalic acid
KW - Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid
KW - Bovine serum albumin (BSA)
KW - Quantitative protein analysis
KW - Phenylketonuria
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570943
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/mps6010011
VL - 6
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
AN - OPUS4-57094
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tannenberg, Robert
A1 - Paul, Martin
A1 - Röder, Bettina
A1 - Gande, S. L.
A1 - Sreeramulu, S.
A1 - Saxena, K.
A1 - Richter, C.
A1 - Schwalbe, H.
A1 - Swart, C.
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Chemiluminescence biosensor for the determination of cardiac troponin I (cTnI)
N2 - Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a crucial biomarker for diagnosing cardiac vascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study presents a proof-of-concept chemiluminescence-based immunosensor for rapid and accurate measurement of cTnI, with the potential for online monitoring. The immunosensor incorporates a flow cell design and a sensitive complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera for optical readout. A microfluidic setup was established to enable selective and quasi-online determination of cTnI within ten minutes. The sensor was tested with recombinant cTnI in phosphate buffer, demonstrating measurements in the concentration range of 2–25 µg/L, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.6 µg/L (23 pmol/L) achieved using the optimized system. The immunosensor exhibited high selectivity, as no cross-reactivity was observed with other recombinant proteins such as cTnT and cTnC at a concentration of 16 µg/L. Measurements with diluted blood plasma and serum yielded an LoD of 60 µg/L (2.4 nmol/L) and 70 µg/L (2.9 nmol/L), respectively. This biosensor offers a promising approach for the rapid and sensitive detection of cTnI, contributing to the diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction and other cardiac vascular diseases.
N2 - Das kardiale Troponin I (cTnI) ist ein wichtiger Biomarker für die Diagnose von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, einschließlich des akuten Myokardinfarkts (AMI). In dieser Studie wird ein auf Chemilumineszenz basierender Immunsensor für die schnelle und genaue Messung von cTnI vorgestellt, der das Potenzial für eine Online-Überwachung hat. Der Immunsensor besteht aus einer Durchflusszelle und einer empfindlichen CMOS-Kamera (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) zur optischen Detektion. Es wurde ein mikrofluidischer Aufbau entwickelt, der eine selektive und quasi Online-Bestimmung von cTnI innerhalb von zehn Minuten ermöglicht. Der Sensor wurde mit rekombinantem cTnI in Phosphatpuffer getestet und zeigte einen Messbereich von 2-25 µg/L, wobei mit dem optimierten System eine Nachweisgrenze (LoD) von 0,6 µg/L (23 pmol/L) erreicht wurde. Der Immunsensor zeigte eine hohe Selektivität, da keine Kreuzreaktivität mit anderen rekombinanten Proteinen wie cTnT und cTnC bei einer Konzentration von 16 µg/L beobachtet wurde. Messungen mit verdünntem Blutplasma und Serum ergaben einen LoD von 60 µg/L (2,4 nmol/L) bzw. 70 µg/L (2,9 nmol/L). Dieser Biosensor bietet einen vielversprechenden Ansatz für den schnellen und empfindlichen Nachweis von cTnI, der zur Diagnose und Behandlung des akuten Myokardinfarkts und anderer kardialer Gefäßerkrankungen beitragen kann.
KW - Acute myocardial infarction
KW - Heart attack
KW - Emergency
KW - Diagnosis
KW - Cardiac troponin
KW - Biomarker
KW - Immunosensor
KW - Biosensor
KW - Chemiluminescence
KW - Luminol
KW - Peroxidase
KW - Monoclonal antibodies
KW - Flow injection immunoassay
KW - Immunometric assay
KW - Immunometric biosensor
KW - Microfluidic system
KW - Monolithic column
KW - Online biosensor
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575471
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13040455
SN - 2079-6374
VL - 13
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 20
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-57547
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Völzke, Jule L.
A1 - Smatty, Sarah
A1 - Döring, Sarah
A1 - Ewald, Shireen
A1 - Oelze, Marcus
A1 - Fratzke, Franziska
A1 - Flemig, Sabine
A1 - Konthur, Zoltán
A1 - Weller, Michael G.
T1 - Efficient Purification of Polyhistidine-Tagged Recombinant Proteins Using Functionalized Corundum Particles
N2 - Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is a widely used technique for purifying polyhistidine-tagged recombinant proteins. However, it often has practical limitations that require complex optimizations and additional steps for purification. In this study, we introduce functionalized corundum particles as a novel, efficient, and economical method for purifying recombinant proteins in a column-free format. The corundum surface is modified with amino silane APTES, followed by EDTA dianhydride, and then loaded with nickel ions. We used the Kaiser test to monitor the modification process and ICP-MS to quantify the metal-binding capacity. To evaluate the system, we used His-tagged protein A/G (PAG) mixed with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The corundum particles exhibited a binding capacity of approximately 3 mg of protein per gram of corundum or 2.4 mg per 1 mL of corundum suspension. We also examined cytoplasm obtained from different E. coli strains as an example of a complex matrix. Varying the imidazole concentration in the loading and washing buffers showed that higher concentrations during loading improved purity. Even with sample volumes as large as one liter, we successfully isolated recombinant proteins down to a concentration of 1 µg/mL. We found higher purity levels with corundum when comparing the corundum material to standard Ni–NTA agarose beads. We successfully purified His6-MBP-mSA2, a fusion protein comprising monomeric streptavidin and maltose-binding protein, from E. coli cytoplasm, demonstrating the method's applicability. We also purified SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD-His8 expressed in human Expi293F cells, confirming its suitability for mammalian cell culture supernatants. The material cost of the nickel-loaded corundum material (without regeneration) is estimated to be less than 30 cents per gram of functionalized support or 10 cents per milligram of isolated protein. Another advantage of this system is the exceptional physical and chemical stability of corundum particles. Overall, we have demonstrated that this novel material offers an efficient, robust, and cost-effective purification platform for His-tagged proteins, even in challenging, complex matrices and large sample volumes with low product concentrations. This method has potential applications in both small laboratories and large-scale industrial settings.
N2 - Die immobilisierte Metallaffinitätschromatographie (IMAC) ist eine weit verbreitete Technik zur Reinigung von rekombinanten Proteinen mit Polyhistidin-Markierung. Sie hat jedoch oft praktische Einschränkungen, die komplexe Optimierungen und zusätzliche Schritte für die Aufreinigung erfordern. In dieser Studie stellen wir funktionalisierte Korundpartikel als neuartige, effiziente und wirtschaftliche Methode zur Reinigung rekombinanter Proteine in einem säulenfreien Format vor. Die Korundoberfläche wird mit dem Aminosilan APTES und anschließend mit EDTA-Dianhydrid modifiziert und dann mit Nickelionen beladen. Wir haben den Kaiser-Test zur Überwachung des Modifizierungsprozesses und ICP-MS zur Quantifizierung der Metallbindungskapazität verwendet. Zur Charakterisierung des Systems verwendeten wir His-markiertes Protein A/G (PAG) in Kombination mit Rinderserumalbumin (BSA). Die Korundpartikel wiesen eine Bindungskapazität von etwa 3 mg Protein pro Gramm Korund oder 2,4 mg pro 1 ml Korundsuspension auf. Als Beispiel für eine komplexe Matrix untersuchten wir auch Zytoplasma, das aus verschiedenen E. coli-Stämmen gewonnen wurde. Die Variation der Imidazolkonzentration in den Lade- und Waschpuffern zeigte, dass höhere Konzentrationen beim Laden die Reinheit verbesserten. Selbst bei einem Probenvolumen von bis zu einem Liter konnten wir rekombinante Proteine von 1 µg/mL isolieren. Beim Vergleich des Korundmaterials mit Standard-Ni-NTA-Agarose-Beads stellten wir einen höheren Reinheitsgrad mit Korund fest. Wir reinigten erfolgreich His6-MBP-mSA2 aus E. coli-Zytoplasma, ein Fusionsprotein, das aus monomerem Streptavidin und Maltose-bindendem Protein besteht. Wir reinigten auch SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD-His8, das in humanen Expi293F-Zellen exprimiert wurde, und bestätigten damit die Eignung des Materials für Zellkulturüberstände von Säugetieren. Die Materialkosten für nickelbeladenen Korund (ohne Regenerierung) werden auf weniger als 30 Cent pro Gramm funktionalisierten Trägers oder 10 Cent pro Milligramm isolierten Proteins geschätzt. Ein weiterer Vorteil dieses Systems ist die außergewöhnliche physikalische und chemische Stabilität der Korundpartikel. Insgesamt haben wir gezeigt, dass dieses neuartige Material eine effiziente, robuste und kostengünstige Reinigungsplattform für His-markierte Proteine bietet, selbst bei schwierigen, komplexen Matrices und großen Probenmengen mit niedrigen Produktkonzentrationen. Diese Methode könnte sowohl in kleinen Labors als auch in der Großindustrie eingesetzt werden.
KW - Aluminum oxide
KW - Sapphire
KW - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
KW - Nickel chelate
KW - EDTAD
KW - HexaHis-Tag
KW - His6
KW - 6xHis
KW - His8
KW - Bioseparation
KW - IMAC purification
KW - Immunocapture
KW - Affinity chromatography
KW - Carrier
KW - Nickel
KW - Recombinant protein
KW - Escherichia coli
KW - Bacterial lysates
KW - Cytoplasm
KW - Polishing
KW - Downstream processing
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575672
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12020031
VL - 12
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
AN - OPUS4-57567
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Karafiludis, Stephanos
A1 - Scoppola, E.
A1 - Wolf, S.E.
A1 - Kochovski, Z.
A1 - Matzdorff, D.
A1 - Van Driessche, A. E. S.
A1 - Hövelmann, J.
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Stawski, Tomasz M.
T1 - Evidence for liquid-liquid phase separation during the early stages of Mg-struvite formation
N2 - The precipitation of struvite, a magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH₄PO₄ · 6H₂O) mineral, from wastewater is a promising method for recovering phosphorous. While this process is commonly used in engineered environments, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of struvite crystals remains limited. Specifically, indirect evidence suggests the involvement of an amorphous precursor and the occurrence of multi-step processes in struvite formation, which would indicate non-classical paths of nucleation and crystallization. In this study, we use synchrotron-based in situ x-ray scattering complemented by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to obtain new insights from the earliest stages of struvite formation. The holistic scattering data captured the structure of an entire assembly in a time-resolved manner. The structural features comprise the aqueous medium, the growing struvite crystals, and any potential heterogeneities or complex entities. By analysing the scattering data, we found that the onset of crystallization causes a perturbation in the structure of the surrounding aqueous medium. This perturbation is characterized by the occurrence and evolution of Ornstein-Zernike fluctuations on a scale of about 1 nm, suggesting a non-classical nature of the system. We interpret this phenomenon as a liquid-liquid phase separation, which gives rise to the formation of the amorphous precursor phase preceding actual crystal growth of struvite. Our microscopy results confirm that the formation of Mg-struvite includes a short-lived amorphous phase, lasting >10 s.
KW - Physical and theoretical chemistry
KW - Non-classical crystallization
KW - Struvite
KW - Liquid-liquid-phase-separation
KW - Nucleation
KW - Crystallization
KW - In-situ scattering
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-584766
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0166278
SN - 1089-7690
VL - 159
IS - 13
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - AIP Publishing
CY - Woodbury, NY
AN - OPUS4-58476
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Edzards, Joshua
A1 - Saßnick, Holger-Dietrich
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Valencia, Ana M.
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Beyer, Sebastian
A1 - Cocchi, Caterina
T1 - Effects of Ligand Substituents on the Character of Zn-Coordination in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks
N2 - Due to their favorable properties and high porosity, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have recently received much limelight for key technologies such as energy storage, optoelectronics, sensorics, and catalysis. Despite widespread interest in these materials, fundamental questions regarding the zinc coordination environment remain poorly understood. By focusing on zinc(II)2-methylimidazolate (ZIF-8) and its tetrahedrally coordinated analogues with Br-, Cl-, and H-substitution in the 2-ring position, we aim to clarify how variations in the local environment of Zn impact the charge distribution and the electronic properties of these materials. Our results from densityfunctional theory confirm the presence of a Zn coordinative bond with a large polarization that is quantitatively affected by different substituents on the organic ligand. Moreover, our findings suggest that the variations in the Zn coordination induced by the functionalization have a negligible effect on the electronic structure of the considered compounds. On the other hand, halogen terminations of the ligands lead to distinct electronic contributions in the vicinity of the frontier region which ultimately reduce the band gap size by a few hundred millielectron volts. Experimental results obtained from X-ray absorption spectroscopy (Zn K-edge) confirm the trends predicted by theory and, together with them, contribute to a better understanding of the structure−property relationships that are needed to tailor ZIFs for target applications.
KW - Surfaces
KW - Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
KW - General Energy
KW - Electronic
KW - Coatings and Films
KW - Optical and Magnetic Materials
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-589117
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c06054
SN - 1932-7447
VL - 127
IS - 43
SP - 21456
EP - 21464
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-58911
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Villajos Collado, José Antonio
A1 - Bienert, M.
A1 - Gugin, Nikita
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - A database to select affordable MOFs for volumetric hydrogen cryoadsorption considering the cost of their linkers
N2 - Physical adsorption at cryogenic temperature (cryoadsorption) is a reversible mechanism that can reduce the pressure of conventional compressed gas storage systems. Metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are remarkable candidates due to the combination of high specific surface area and density which, in some cases, provide a high volumetric storage capacity. However, such extensive use of MOFs for this application requires the selection of affordable structures, easy to produce and made from feasible metallic and organic components. Herein, we introduce a MOF database detailing the crystallographic and porous properties of 3600 existing MOFs made from industrially relevant metals and their organic composition. The comparison of the available minimum costs of linkers allowed the creation of a database to select affordable structures with high potential for volumetric hydrogen storage by cryoadsorption, considering their composition based on individual or mixed building blocks. A user inter� face, available online, facilitates the selection of MOFs based on the properties or names of structures and linkers.
KW - MOF´s
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-583619
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ma00315a
VL - 4
IS - 18
SP - 4226
EP - 4237
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-58361
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scheurrell, Kerstin
A1 - B. Martins, Inês C.
A1 - Murray, Claire
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
T1 - Exploring the role of solvent polarity in mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensation: in situ investigation and isolation of reaction intermediates
N2 - Mechanochemistry has proven to be a highly effective method for the synthesis of organic compounds. We studied the kinetics of the catalyst-free Knoevenagel reaction between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and malononitrile, activated and driven by ball milling. The reaction was investigated in the absence of solvents (neat grinding) and in the presence of solvents with different polarities (liquid-assisted grinding). The reaction was monitored using time-resolved in situ Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Our results indicate a direct relationship between solvent polarity and reaction kinetics, with higher solvent polarity leading to faster product (2-(4-nitrobenzylidone)malononitrile) formation. For the first time, we were able to isolate and determine the structure of an intermediate 2-(hydroxy(4-nitrophenyl)methyl)malononitrile based on PXRD data.
KW - Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
KW - General Physics and Astronomy
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588071
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP02883F
SN - 1463-9076
VL - 25
IS - 35
SP - 23637
EP - 23644
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-58807
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Peters, Stefan
A1 - Kunkel, Benny
A1 - Cakir, Cafer Tufan
A1 - Kabelitz, Anke
A1 - Witte, Steffen
A1 - Bernstein, Thomas
A1 - Bartling, Stephan
A1 - Radtke, Martin
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Abdel-Mageed, Ali Mohamed
A1 - Wohlrab, Sebastian
A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
T1 - Time-, space- and energy-resolved in situ characterization of catalysts by X-ray absorption spectroscopy
N2 - A novel setup for dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with simultaneous resolution of space, time and energy for in situ characterization of solid materials is demonstrated.
KW - Dispersive XAS
KW - Catalysis
KW - In situ
KW - Structure analysis
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-584924
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cc03277a
SN - 1359-7345
SP - 1
EP - 4
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-58492
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wiesner, Yosri
A1 - Bednarz, Marius
A1 - Braun, Ulrike
A1 - Bannick, Claus Gerhard
A1 - Ricking, Mathias
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
T1 - A promising approach to monitor microplastic masses in composts
N2 - Inputs of plastic impurities into the environment via the application of fertilizers are regulated in Germany and the EU by means of ordinances. Robust and fast analytical methods are the basis of legal regulations. Currently, only macro- and large microplastic contents (>1 mm) are measured. Microplastics (1–1,000 µm), are not yet monitored. Thermal analytical methods are suitable for this purpose, which can determine the mass content and can also be operated fully automatically in routine mode. Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) allows the identification of polymers and the determination of mass contents in solid samples from natural environments. In accordance with the German or European Commission (EC) Fertiliser Ordinance, composting plants should be monitored for microplastic particles with this method in the future. In this context a compost plant was sampled. At the end of the rotting process, the compost was sieved and separated in a coarse (>1 mm) and a fine fraction (<1 mm). The fine fraction was processed using density separation comparing NaCl and NaI as possible salt alternative and screened for microplastic masses by TED-GC/MS with additional validation and quality assurance experiments. With TED-GC/MS total microplastics mass contents of 1.1–3.0 μg/mg in finished compost could be detected with polyethylene mainly. What differs much to the total mass of plastics in the coarse fraction with up to 60 μg/mg, which were visually searched, identified via ATR-FTIR and gravimetrically weighted.
KW - Microplastics
KW - TED-GC/MS
KW - Compost
KW - Monitoring
KW - Soil
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-586688
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvc.2023.1281558
SN - 2673-4486
VL - 4
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-58668
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ghiringhelli, Luca M.
A1 - Baldauf, Carsten
A1 - Bereau, Tristan
A1 - Brockhauser, Sandor
A1 - Carbogno, Christian
A1 - Chamanara, Javad
A1 - Cozzini, Stefano
A1 - Curtarolo, Stefano
A1 - Draxl, Claudia
A1 - Dwaraknath, Shyam
A1 - Fekete, Ádám
A1 - Kermode, James
A1 - Koch, Christoph T.
A1 - Kühbach, Markus
A1 - Ladines, Alvin Noe
A1 - Lambrix, Patrick
A1 - Himmer, Maja-Olivia
A1 - Levchenko, Sergey V.
A1 - Oliveira, Micael
A1 - Michalchuk, Adam
A1 - Miller, Ronald E.
A1 - Onat, Berk
A1 - Pavone, Pasquale
A1 - Pizzi, Giovanni
A1 - Regler, Benjamin
A1 - Rignanese, Gian-Marco
A1 - Schaarschmidt, Jörg
A1 - Scheidgen, Markus
A1 - Schneidewind, Astrid
A1 - Sheveleva, Tatyana
A1 - Su, Chuanxun
A1 - Usvyat, Denis
A1 - Valsson, Omar
A1 - Wöll, Christof
A1 - Scheffler, Matthias
T1 - Shared metadata for data-centric materials science
N2 - The expansive production of data in materials science, their widespread sharing and repurposing requires educated support and stewardship. In order to ensure that this need helps rather than hinders scientific work, the implementation of the FAIR-data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) must not be too narrow. Besides, the wider materials-science community ought to agree on the strategies to tackle the challenges that are specific to its data, both from computations and experiments. In this paper, we present the result of the discussions held at the workshop on “Shared Metadata and Data Formats for Big-Data Driven Materials Science”. We start from an operative definition of metadata, and the features that a FAIR-compliant metadata schema should have. We will mainly focus on computational materials-science data and propose a constructive approach for the FAIRification of the (meta)data related to ground-state and excited-states calculations, potential-energy sampling, and generalized workflows. Finally, challenges with the FAIRification of experimental (meta)data and materials-science ontologies are presented together with an outlook of how to meet them.
KW - Library and Information Sciences
KW - Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
KW - Computer Science Applications
KW - Education
KW - Information Systems
KW - Statistics and Probability
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-584846
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02501-8
VL - 10
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-58484
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -