TY - JOUR A1 - Henning, Ricky A1 - Sturm, Patrick A1 - Geddes, D.A. A1 - Keßler, S. A1 - Walkley, B. A1 - Gluth, Gregor T1 - The influence of curing temperature on the strength and phase assemblage of hybrid cements based on GGBFS/FA blends N2 - Hybrid cements are composites made of Portland cement or Portland clinker and one or more supplementary cementitious materials like slag, fly ash or metakaolin, activated with an alkali salt. To date, their hydration mechanism and the phase formation at various temperatures is insufficiently understood, partly due to the large variability of the raw materials used. In the present study, three hybrid cements based on ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, Portland clinker and sodium sulfate, and an alkali-activated slag/fly ash blend were cured at 10 and 21.5°C, and subsequently analyzed by XRD, 27Al MAS NMR, and TGA. The compressive strength of the hybrid cements was higher by up to 27% after 91-day curing at 10°C, compared to curing at 21.5°C. The experimental results as well as thermodynamic modeling indicate that the differences in compressive strength were related to a different phase assemblage, mainly differing amounts of strätlingite and C-N-A-S-H, and the associated differences of the volume of hydration products. While the strätlingite was amorphous to X-rays, it could be identified by 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, TGA and thermodynamic modeling. The microstructural properties of the hybrid cements and the alkali-activated slag/fly ash blend as well as the compatibility between thermodynamic modeling results and experimental data as a function of curing temperature and time are discussed. KW - Hybrid cements KW - Strätlingite KW - Thermodynamic modelling KW - Hydration PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557767 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2022.982568 SN - 2296-8016 VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Frontiers AN - OPUS4-55776 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bühler, M. M. A1 - Hollenbach, P. A1 - Michalski, A. A1 - Meyer, S. A1 - Birle, E. A1 - Off, R. A1 - Lang, Ch. A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Cudmani, R. A1 - Fritz, O. A1 - Baltes, G. A1 - Kortmann, G. T1 - The Industrialisation of Sustainable Construction: A Transdisciplinary Approach to the Large-Scale Introduction of Compacted Mineral Mixtures (CMMs) into Building Construction N2 - Abstract: Increasing demand for sustainable, resilient, and low-carbon construction materials has highlighted the potential of Compacted Mineral Mixtures (CMMs), which are formulated from various soil types (sand, silt, clay) and recycled mineral waste. This paper presents a comprehensive inter- and transdisciplinary research concept that aims to industrialise and scale up the adoption of CMM-based construction materials and methods, thereby accelerating the construction industry’s systemic transition towards carbon neutrality. By drawing upon the latest advances in soil mechanics, rheology, and automation, we propose the development of a robust material properties database to inform the design and application of CMM-based materials, taking into account their complex, time-dependent behaviour. Advanced soil mechanical tests would be utilised to ensure optimal performance under various loading and ageing conditions. This research has also recognised the importance of context-specific strategies for CMM adoption. We have explored the implications and limitations of implementing the proposed framework in developing countries, particularly where resources may be constrained. We aim to shed light on socio-economic and regulatory aspects that could influence the adoption of these sustainable construction methods. The proposed concept explores how the automated production of CMM-based wall elements can become a fast, competitive, emission-free, and recyclable alternative to traditional masonry and concrete construction techniques. We advocate for the integration of open-source digital platform technologies to enhance data accessibility, processing, and knowledge acquisition; to boost confidence in CMM-based technologies; and to catalyse their widespread adoption. We believe that the transformative potential of this research necessitates a blend of basic and applied investigation using a comprehensive, holistic, and transfer-oriented methodology. Thus, this paper serves to highlight the viability and multiple benefits of CMMs in construction, emphasising their pivotal role in advancing sustainable development and resilience in the built environment. KW - Decarbonisation KW - Circular economy KW - Recycled materials KW - Demolition wastes KW - Low-carbon construction KW - Building with earth KW - Compressed earth KW - Rammed earth KW - Sustainable construction PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-583260 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310677 VL - 15 IS - 13 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-58326 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Serrano Munoz, Itziar A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Pirling, T. A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - The importance of subsurface residual stress in laser powder bed fusion IN718 N2 - The residual stress (RS) in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) IN718 alloy samples produced using a 67°-rotation scan strategy is investigated via laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron diffraction (ND). The location dependence of the strain-free (d₀) lattice spacing in ND is evaluated using a grid array of coupons extracted from the far-edge of the investigated specimen. No compositional spatial variation is observed in the grid array. The calculated RS fields show considerable non-uniformity, significant stress gradients in the region from 0.6 to 2 mm below the surface, as well as subsurface maxima that cannot be accounted for via XRD. It is concluded that failure to determine such maxima would hamper a quantitative determination of RS fields by means of the stress balance method. KW - Laser powder bed fusion KW - Neutron and X-ray diffraction KW - Residual stress analysis KW - Strain-free lattice references KW - Stress balance PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-532707 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100895 SN - 1615-7508 SN - 1527-2648 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-53270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sarhan, R. M. A1 - Koopman, W. A1 - Schuetz, R. A1 - Schmid, Thomas A1 - Liebig, F. A1 - Koetz, J. A1 - Bargheer, M. T1 - The importance of plasmonic heating for the plasmondriven photodimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol N2 - Metal nanoparticles form potent nanoreactors, driven by the optical generation of energetic electrons and nanoscale heat. The relative influence of these two factors on nanoscale chemistry is strongly debated. This article discusses the temperature dependence of the dimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) into 4,4′-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) adsorbed on gold nanoflowers by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Raman thermometry shows a significant optical heating of the particles. The ratio of the Stokes and the anti-Stokes Raman signal moreover demonstrates that the molecular temperature during the reaction rises beyond the average crystal lattice temperature of the plasmonic particles. The product bands have an even higher temperature than reactant bands, which suggests that the reaction proceeds preferentially at thermal hot spots. In addition, kinetic measurements of the reaction during external heating of the reaction environment yield a considerable rise of the reaction rate with temperature. Despite this significant heating effects, a comparison of SERS spectra recorded after heating the sample by an external heater to spectra recorded after prolonged illumination shows that the reaction is strictly photo-driven. While in both cases the temperature increase is comparable, the dimerization occurs only in the presence of light. Intensity dependent measurements at fixed temperatures confirm this finding. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Plasmonic heating KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-475140 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38627-2 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 3060, 1 EP - 8 PB - Nature Publishing Group AN - OPUS4-47514 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walke, D. A1 - Micheel, D. A1 - Schallert, K. A1 - Muth, Thilo A1 - Broneske, D. A1 - Saake, G. A1 - Heyer, R. T1 - The importance of graph databases and graph learning for clinical applications N2 - The increasing amount and complexity of clinical data require an appropriate way of storing and analyzing those data. Traditional approaches use a tabular structure (relational databases) for storing data and thereby complicate storing and retrieving interlinked data from the clinical domain. Graph databases provide a great solution for this by storing data in a graph as nodes (vertices) that are connected by edges (links). The underlying graph structure can be used for the subsequent data analysis (graph learning). Graph learning consists of two parts: graph representation learning and graph analytics. Graph representation learning aims to reduce high-dimensional input graphs to low-dimensional representations. Then, graph analytics uses the obtained representations for analytical tasks like visualization, classification, link prediction and clustering which can be used to solve domain-specific problems. In this survey, we review current state-of-the-art graph database management systems, graph learning algorithms and a variety of graph applications in the clinical domain. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive use case for a clearer understanding of complex graph learning algorithms. KW - Graph databases KW - Graph learning KW - Review KW - RDF PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-580858 DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baad045 SN - 1758-0463 SP - 1 EP - 20 AN - OPUS4-58085 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Mathies, H. T1 - The Impact of Weather Conditions on Biocides in Paints N2 - Weather conditions affect biocides on exposed outer surfaces on constructions. Contact with water causes hydrolysis and leaching of substances. Ultraviolet radiation may induce photolysis. As a result, a mixture of biocidal active substances and transformation products can be emitted into the environment. In a semi-field study, leaching of the biocidal active substances terbutryn, diuron, octylisothiazolinone, carbendazim, and selected transformation products was observed for two paints containing either a white or a red pigment. Painted test panels were exposed to natural weathering for about 1.5 years. Runoff samples were analyzed during the course of the experiment. At the end of the study, residues of biocidal active substances and transformation products were determined in sections of the test panels. Emissions of substances were mainly observed during the first few months of the experiments. Increased emissions of transformation products were observed during periods of increased global radiation and subsequent periods with relatively high amounts of driving rain. Different patterns of transformation products were observed, especially for terbutryn, both for paints containing different pigments and in experiments that were started in different periods of the year, as well as during different periods of the experiments. KW - Substance release KW - Construction products KW - Biocides KW - Transformation KW - Weathering KW - Driving rain KW - Global radiation PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-560651 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207368 VL - 15 IS - 20 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56065 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waniek, Tassilo A1 - Braun, U. A1 - Silbernagl, Dorothee A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - The impact of water released from boehmite nanoparticles during curing in epoxy-based nanocomposites N2 - The enhancing effect on mechanical properties of boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nanoparticles (BNP) in epoxy-based nanocomposites on the macroscopic scale encouraged recent research to investigate the micro- and nanoscopic properties. Several studies presented different aspects relatable to an alteration of the epoxy polymer network formation by the BNP with need for further experiments to identify the mode of action. With FTIR-spectroscopic methods this study identifies interactions of the BNP with the epoxy polymer matrix during the curing process as well as in the cured nanocomposite. The data reveals that not the BNP themselves, but the water released from them strongly influences the curing process by hydrolysis of the anhydride hardener or protonation of the amine accelerator. The changes of the curing processes are discussed in detail. The changes of the curing processes enable new explanation for the changed material properties by BNP discussed in recent research like a lowered glass transition temperature region (Tg) and an interphase formation. KW - Spectroscopy KW - Aluminium oxide hydroxide KW - Glass transition temperature KW - Material chemistry KW - Nanocomposites KW - Structure-property relationship PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-527202 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.51006 VL - 138 IS - 39 SP - 51006 PB - Wiley Periodicals LLC CY - Hoboken AN - OPUS4-52720 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khrapov, D A1 - Koptyug, A. A1 - Manabaev, K. A1 - Léonard, Fabien A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Cheneler, D. A1 - Loza, K. A1 - Epple, M. A1 - Surmenev, R. A1 - Surmeneva, M. T1 - The impact of post manufacturing treatment of functionally graded Ti6Al4V scaffolds on their surface morphology and mechanical strength N2 - An ultrasonic vibration post-treatment procedure was suggested for additively manufac-tured lattices. The aim of the present research was to investigate mechanical properties andthe differences in mechanical behavior and fracture modes of Ti6Al4V scaffolds treated withtraditional powder recovery system (PRS) and ultrasound vibration (USV). Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the strut surface and the fracture surface mor-phology. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was employed to evaluate the inner structure,strut dimensions, pore size, as well as the surface morphology of additively manufacturedporous scaffolds. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to obtain elastic modulus,compressive ultimate strength and yield stress. Finite element analysis was performedfor a body-centered cubic (BCC) element-based model and for CT-based reconstructiondata, as well as for a two-zone scaffold model to evaluate stress distribution during elasticdeformation. The scaffold with PRS post treatment displayed ductile behavior, while USVtreated scaffold displayed fragile behavior. Double barrel formation of PRS treated scaffoldwas observed during deformation. Finite element analysis for the CT-based reconstructionrevealed the strong impact of surface morphology on the stress distribution in comparisonwith BCC cell model because of partially molten metal particles on the surface of struts,which usually remain unstressed. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Electron beam melting KW - Computed tomography KW - FEM KW - Lattice structures PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-505960 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.12.019 SN - 2238-7854 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 1866 EP - 1881 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-50596 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chowdhary, S. A1 - Moschner, J. A1 - Mikolajczak, D. J. A1 - Becker, M. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Kästner, Claudia A1 - Klemczak, D. A1 - Stegemann, A.-K. A1 - Böttcher, C. A1 - Metrangolo, P. A1 - Netz, R. R. A1 - Koksch, B. T1 - The Impact of Halogenated Phenylalanine Derivatives on NFGAIL Amyloid Formation N2 - The hexapeptide hIAPP22–27 (NFGAIL) is known as a crucial amyloid core sequence of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) whose aggregates can be used to better understand the wild‐type hIAPP′s toxicity to β‐cell death. In amyloid research, the role of hydrophobic and aromatic‐aromatic interactions as potential driving forces during the aggregation process is controversially discussed not only in case of NFGAIL, but also for amyloidogenic peptides in general. We have used halogenation of the aromatic residue as a strategy to modulate hydrophobic and aromatic‐aromatic interactions and prepared a library of NFGAIL variants containing fluorinated and iodinated phenylalanine analogues. We used thioflavin T staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) to study the impact of side‐chain halogenation on NFGAIL amyloid formation kinetics. Our data revealed a synergy between aggregation behavior and hydrophobicity of the phenylalanine residue. This study introduces systematic fluorination as a toolbox to further investigate the nature of the amyloid self‐assembly process. KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering KW - SAXS KW - Nanoparticle KW - Nanostructure KW - Peptide KW - Amyloid PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-518632 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202000373 VL - 21 IS - 24 SP - 3544 EP - 3554 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-51863 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andreoli, A. F. A1 - Fantin, Andrea A1 - Kasatikov, S. A1 - Bacurau, V. P. A1 - Widom, M. A1 - Gargarella, P. A1 - Mazzer, E. M. A1 - Woodcock, T. G. A1 - Nielsch, K. A1 - Coury, F. G. T1 - The impact of chemical short-range order on the thermophysical properties of medium- and high-entropy alloys N2 - The unusual behavior observed in the coefficient of thermal expansion and specific heat capacity of CrFeNi, CoCrNi, and CoCrFeNi medium/high-entropy alloys is commonly referred to as the K-state effect. It is shown to be independent of the Curie temperature, as demonstrated by temperature-dependent magnetic moment measurements. CoCrFeNi alloy is chosen for detailed characterization; potential reasons for the K-state effect such as texture, recrystallization, and second-phase precipitation are ruled out. An examination of the electronic structure indicates the formation of a pseudo-gap in the Density of States, which suggests a specific chemical interaction between Ni and Cr atoms upon alloying. Hybrid Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamic (MC/MD) simulations indicate the presence of non-negligible chemical short-range order (CSRO). Local lattice distortions are shown to be negligible, although deviations around Cr and Ni elements from those expected in a fully disordered structure are experimentally observed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The determined bonding distances are in good agreement with MC/MD calculations. A mechanism is proposed to explain the anomalies and calorimetric experiments and their results are used to validate the mechanism. KW - Mechanical Engineering KW - Mechanics of Materials KW - General Materials Science PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595869 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112724 SN - 0264-1275 VL - 238 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-59586 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, K. A1 - Meschut, G. A1 - Seitz, G. A1 - Biegler, M. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - The Identification of a New Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) Type in Resistance Spot Welding of Advanced High Strength Steels on Reduced Flange Widths N2 - Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracking is a phenomenon observed during resistance spot welding (RSW) of zinc􀀀coated advanced high􀀀strength steels (AHSS) in automotive manufacturing. In this study, severe cracks are observed at the edge of the sheet under reduced flange widths. These cracks, traversing the AHSS sheet, culminate at the edge with a width of approximately 1.2 mm. Through combined numerical and experimental investigations, and material testing, these cracks are identified and validated as a new type of LME crack. The mechanism behind this crack formation is attributed to unique geometric conditions that, when compared to center welding, amplify radial material flow by ninefold to 0.87 mm. The resultant tangential tensile stresses approximate 760 MPa, which exceed the yield strength of the examined advanced high􀀀strength steel (AHSS) under heightened temperature conditions, and when combined with liquid zinc, promote the formation of this new type of LME crack. KW - Liquid metal embrittlement KW - Crack KW - Advanced high strength steels KW - Resistance spot welding KW - Simulation KW - Flange width PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-586940 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101754 VL - 13 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-58694 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Anker, A. S. A1 - Annadurai, V. A1 - Balazs, D. M. A1 - Bienert, Ralf A1 - Bouwman, W. G. A1 - Breßler, Ingo A1 - Breternitz, J. A1 - Brok, E. S. A1 - Bryant, G. A1 - Clulow, A. J. A1 - Crater, E. R. A1 - De Geuser, F. A1 - Del Giudice, A. A1 - Deumer, J. A1 - Disch, S. A1 - Dutt, S. A1 - Frank, K. A1 - Fratini, E. A1 - Garcia, P. R. A. F. A1 - Gilbert, E. P. A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Hallett, J. A1 - Hohenschutz, M. A1 - Hollamby, M. A1 - Huband, S. A1 - Ilavsky, J. A1 - Jochum, J. K. A1 - Juelsholt, M. A1 - Mansel, B. W. A1 - Penttilä, P. A1 - Pittkowski, R. K. A1 - Portale, G. A1 - Pozzo, L. D. A1 - Rochels, L. A1 - Rosalie, Julian M. A1 - Saloga, Patrick E. J. A1 - Seibt, S. A1 - Smith, A. J. A1 - Smith, G. N. A1 - Spiering, G. A. A1 - Stawski, Tomasz M. A1 - Taché, O. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Toth, K. A1 - Whitten, A. E. A1 - Wuttke, J. T1 - The human factor - Results of a small-angle scattering data analysis round robin N2 - A round-robin study has been carried out to estimate the impact of the human element in small-angle scattering data analysis. Four corrected datasets were provided to participants ready for analysis. All datasets were measured on samples containing spherical scatterers, with two datasets in dilute dispersions and two from powders. Most of the 46 participants correctly identified the number of populations in the dilute dispersions, with half of the population mean entries within 1.5% and half of the population width entries within 40%. Due to the added complexity of the structure factor, far fewer people submitted answers on the powder datasets. For those that did, half of the entries for the means and widths were within 44 and 86%, respectively. This round-robin experiment highlights several causes for the discrepancies, for which solutions are proposed. KW - Round Robin KW - Data analysis KW - Small-angle scattering KW - Nanomaterials KW - Interlaboratory comparability KW - Nanostructure quantification KW - Methodology KW - MOUSE PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587091 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324 SN - 1600-5767 VL - 56 IS - 6 SP - 1618 EP - 1629 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-58709 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rohn, H. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Schmidt, M. A1 - Giegrich, J. A1 - Oberender, C. A1 - Denz, W. A1 - Niebaum, A. ED - Ludwig, C. ED - Matasci, C. T1 - The Guideline Series VDI 4800 Resource Efficiency: An Approach for Increasing Resource Efficiency with Aim of Conservation of Natural Resources in the Industrial Sector N2 - In 2011, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) started working on a set of guidelines towards increased resource efficiency. These guidelines represent a framework that defines resource efficiency and outlines considerations for the producing industry. A special guideline for SMEs is included as well as guidelines on methodologies for evaluating resource use indicators, such as the cumulative raw material demand of products and production systems. Resource efficiency, defined here as the relationship between a specific benefit or use and the natural resources that need to be spent or consumed to attain this benefit or use. It can be evaluated by defining a function which expresses the specific benefit and quantifies the resource requirements through a set of indicators (use of raw materials, energy, water, land and ecosystem services including sinks). The results from this also depend on the system boundary parameters and the allocation rules for by-products and waste treatment options. Optimising resource use is possible at all stages of a product’s or production system’s life cycle chain (raw material extraction, production and manufacturing, use and consumption, and the end-of-life stage). VDI guidelines are widely accepted across Germany’s industrial sector and therefore represent an important means of mainstreaming resource efficiency in this target area. As well as providing a methodological framework, the guidelines describe strategies and measures towards increasing resource efficiency, and they enable industrial producers and service providers to identify potential areas of improvement. The full article presents an overview of the methodology and contents of these guidelines and discusses their impact in achieving absolute reductions in the industrial use of natural resources. KW - Resource efficiency KW - Life cycle thinking KW - Products and production systems KW - Standardization PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-426443 UR - https://www.wrforum.org/wrfpublicationspdf/boosting-resource-productivity/ SN - 978-3-9521409-7-0 SP - 125 EP - 132 PB - Paul Scherrer Institute CY - Villigen PSI, Switzerland ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-42644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuberth, Jens A1 - Ebert, Thomas A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar A1 - Rödig, Lisa A1 - Jepsen, Dirk A1 - Memelink, Robin A1 - Hauschke, Fynn T1 - The Front-Runner Approach - Facilitating Progressive Product Policy by Using Information from EU Product Databases N2 - The European Commission has recently announced two guiding principles for EU product policy: First, product policy shall ensure that the performance of front-runner products in terms of sustainability becomes the norm, and second, the effectiveness of the current Ecodesign legislative framework is going to be significantly improved. Within this paper, already existing front-runner approaches and recent and ongoing product policy-making processes were reviewed. Based on the results, an EU front-runner approach is outlined. The presented approach (i) refers to performance levels of the best products already available on the market, (ii) aggregates information in existing databases, and (iii) works semi-automated. Together, all three attributes have a high potential to facilitate and accelerate the specification of appropriate minimum requirements for products at the EU level. This way, EU policymakers can deliver on the core objectives of the Ecodesign legislative framework much better. The basic mechanism and its legal entrenchment of the approach are illustrated for the energy efficiency of energy-related products. In addition, the Front-Runner Approach can be applied to any product group in the scope of the upcoming Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation and to a wide range of product-related minimum requirements, such as durability, reparability, or recycled content. The study’s objective is to suggest a tailor-made and dynamic approach to keep the EU product legislation up to date using innovative technology based on the investigation of current regulations and identify the gap. Experiences from three international case studies suggest that a front-runner approach to setting energy-performance standards can drive innovation and reduce energy consumption via promoting energy-efficient products; transparency about available products is one of the key factors and can be established by a database. The EU front-runner approach comprises extending the existing energy label database (or making use of the digital product passport) and introducing a legislative procedure that triggers changes in the energy efficiency requirements in the specific EU regulations if the database shows that a certain threshold value is reached. Challenges such as limited EU staff capacities and opportunities such as increased dynamic are discussed. KW - Ecodesign KW - ESPR KW - Energy labelling KW - EPREL KW - Policy making KW - Front-runner KW - Material efficiency KW - Resource efficiency KW - Energy efficiency PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595132 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020504 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-59513 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turski Silva Diniz, Analice A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - The effects of property variation on the dripping behaviour of polymers during UL94 test simulated by particle finite element method N2 - The dripping behaviour of polymers is often observed experimentally through the UL94 flammability standard test. In this work, polymeric dripping under fire is investigated numerically using particle finite element method. A parametric analysis was carried out to observe the influence of a single property on overall dripping behaviour via a UL94 vertical test model. Surrogates and property ranges were defined for variation of the following parameters: glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), decomposition temperature (Td), density (ρ), specific heat capacity (Cp), apparent effective heat of combustion of the volatiles, char yield (μ), thermal conductivity (k), and viscosity (η). Polyamide, poly(ether ether ketone), poly(methyl methacrylate), and polysulfone were used as benchmarks. Simulated results showed that specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and char yield allied with viscosity were the properties that most influenced dripping behaviour (starting time and occurrence). KW - Dripping KW - PFEM KW - UL 94 KW - Simulation KW - Fire behaviour PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597449 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0194 SN - 1618-7229 VL - 24 IS - 1 PB - De Gruyter AN - OPUS4-59744 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, Knut T1 - The effects of hydrogen research and innovation on international hydrogen trade N2 - Climate change and the pressure to decarbonize, as well as energy security concerns, have drawn the attention of policymakers and the industry to hydrogen energy. To ad-vance the hydrogen economy at a global scale, research and innovation progress is of significant importance, among others. However, previous studies have provided only lim-ited quantitative evidence of the effects of research and innovation on the formation of a global hydrogen market. Instead, they postulate rather than empirically support this rela-tionship. Therefore, this study analyzes the effects of research and innovation measured by scientific publications, patents, and standards on bilateral hydrogen trade flows for 32 countries between 1995 and 2019 in a gravity model of trade, using regression analyses and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimation. The main results of the PPML estimation show that research and innovation progress is indeed associated with increased trade, especially with patenting and (international) standardization enhancing hydrogen export volumes. As policy implications, we derive that increased public R&D funding can help increase the competitiveness of hydrogen energy and boost market growth, along with infrastructure support and harmonized standards and regulations. KW - Hydrogen supply KW - Global hydrogen market KW - Research and innovation KW - Push and pull effects KW - Hydrogen policies PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594875 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113974 SN - 0301-4215 VL - 186 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-59487 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Churiaque Bermejo, C. A1 - Sánchez-Amaya, J. M. A1 - Porrúa-Lara, M. A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - The Effects of HLAW Parameters for One Side T-Joints in 15 mm Thickness Naval Steel N2 - The present contribution is the first research reporting full penetration HLAW joints in 15 mm thick EH36 steel butt T-welds with square grooves on 2F welding position by single-sided welding. The effects of welding parameters were investigated to increase the quality of the joints. Conditions leading to defect-free full penetration welds fulfilling naval regulations includes a laser power of 12.5 kW, a welding speed of 1.6 m/min and the vertical laser offset distance from the flange of 1 mm. Advanced characterization of selected welds included a microstructural identification by optical microscopy, SEM, and XRD, revealing the presence of acicular, polygonal and Widmanstätten ferrite, lath martensite, and some retained austenite at FZ. Hardness and microhardness mapping tests showed values of 155 HV at base metal and 200 to 380 HV at the fusion zone connecting the web to the flange. KW - Ship building KW - Laser beam welding KW - Hybrid laser arc welding PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-523931 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040600 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 600 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-52393 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Duarte, Larissa A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Zerbst, Uwe T1 - The effect of the environmental conditions on the threshold against fatigue crack propagation N2 - The threshold against fatigue crack propagation (ΔKth) is a crucial parameter for the damage tolerance assessment of engineering components subjected to cyclic loading and it is composed by two distinct components, one intrinsic, dependent on the elastic material properties and the lattice type, and one extrinsic, related to the occurrence of crack closure effects. An important issue is that several factors can influence ΔKth and, in general, the fatigue crack propagation behavior. In this work, the influence of the experimental procedure, air humidity, stress ratio and test frequency on da/dN-ΔK data has been investigated. Results are discussed with their potential causes and consequences on the calculations of the residual lifetime. KW - Fatigue crack propagation threshold KW - Crack closure effect KW - Experimental procedure KW - Environmental conditions PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-544905 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2022.03.030 VL - 38 SP - 292 EP - 299 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-54490 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hunter, R. D. A1 - Rowlandson, J. L. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Ting, V. P. A1 - Kulak, A. A1 - Schnepp, Z. T1 - The effect of precursor structure on porous carbons produced by iron-catalyzed graphitization of biomass N2 - This paper reports a systematic study into the effect of different biomass-derived precursors on the structure and porosity of carbons prepared via catalytic graphitization. Glucose, starch and cellulose are combined with iron nitrate and heated under a nitrogen atmosphere to produce Fe3C nanoparticles, which catalyze the conversion of amorphous carbon to graphitic nanostructures. The choice of organic precursor provides a means of controlling the catalyst particle size, which has a direct effect on the porosity of the material. Cellulose and glucose produce mesoporous carbons, while starch produces a mixture of micro- and mesopores under the same conditions and proceeds via a much slower graphitization step, generating a mixture of graphitic nanostructures and turbostratic carbon. Porous carbons are critical to energy applications such as batteries and electrocatalytic processes. For These applications, a simple and sustainable route to those carbons is essential. Therefore, the ability to control the precise structure of a biomass-derived carbon simply through the choice of precursor will enable the production of a new generation of energy materials. KW - SAXS KW - Porous carbons KW - Graphitization KW - Iron nanoparticles KW - Catalysis KW - Gas sorption PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-515531 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00692k VL - Royal Society of Chemistry SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-51553 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hunter, R. D. A1 - Hayward, E. C. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Kulak, A. A1 - Guan, S. A1 - Schnepp, Z. T1 - The effect of nitrogen on the synthesis of porous carbons by iron-catalyzed graphitization N2 - This paper reports a systematic study into the effect of nitrogen on iron-catalyzed graphitization of biomass. Chitin, chitosan, N-acetylglucosamine, gelatin and glycine were selected to represent nitrogen-rich saccharides and amino-acid/polypeptide biomass precursors. The materials were pyrolyzed with an iron catalyst to produce carbons with a wide range of chemical and structural features such as mesoporosity and nitrogen-doping. Many authors have reported the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbons by pyrolysis and these have diverse applications. However, this is the first systematic study of how nitrogen affects pyrolysis of biomass and importantly the catalytic graphitization step. Our data demonstrates that nitrogen inhibits graphitization but that some nitrogen survives the catalytic graphitization process to become incorporated into various chemical environments in the carbon product. KW - Graphitization KW - Nanoparticles KW - Nanocomposite KW - Porous carbon KW - Nitrogen KW - Scattering PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575351 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ma00039g VL - 4 SP - 2070 EP - 2077 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-57535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hernández-Nava, E. A1 - Smith, C.J. A1 - Derguti, F. A1 - Tammas-Williams, S. A1 - Léonard, Fabien A1 - Withers, P. J. A1 - Todd, I. A1 - Goodall, R. T1 - The effect of defects on the mechanical response of Ti-6Al-4V cubic lattice structures fabricated by electron beam melting N2 - Electron Beam Melting (EBM) as a means of Additive Manufacturing (AM), is of interest for the fabrication of intricate geometries for cellular materials in areas where complex architectures are needed, e.g. biomedical implants. Most studies have focused on specific geometries and so the effect of the structure on mechanical performance is not well understood. Many kinds of micro- and macro-scale defects can arise in additively manufactured components, so assessment of their influence on properties is needed. In this work, lattices of Ti-6Al-4V having a cubic structure have been manufactured by EBM, and the effect of heat treatments above and below the β-transus temperature on microstructure and compression response have been investigated. The former modifies only slightly the α + β structure and mechanical performance whereas the latter leads to coarse alternating α and β lamellae packets and α at the prior grain boundaries with a 10% loss in yield strength. The variation in the compressive yield stress with strut diameter is in good accord with simple models based on compressive deformation rather than shearing or buckling. Internal pores for struts aligned with the build direction are found around the edges of the solid form, in regions which seem to be associated with the EB scan pattern. Struts normal to the build direction show more significant defects but their redundancy means that they do not compromise the compressive performance in the build direction. Using a particle size in the range 45–100 μm minimum weld-track sizes were experimentally and numerically identified to be 176 and 148 μm in depth respectively with a depth-to-width ratio of 0.55. This produced a beam pass of the order of 300 μm oversizing small features (struts of 0.4 and 0.6 mm nominal diameter) when a contour around the strut periphery was applied. KW - Cellular solids KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Titanium alloy KW - Mechanical properties KW - X-ray computed tomography PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-390686 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.029 SN - 1359-6454 VL - 108 SP - 279 EP - 292 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-39068 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Talebi, Elnaz A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Espinós, A. A1 - Hothan, Sascha ED - Albero, Vicente T1 - The effect of damage location on the performance of seismically damaged concrete filled steel tube columns at fire N2 - In this paper, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed and validated to study the effect of seismic damage location on the response of concrete filled tube (CFT) columns at fire after earthquakes. Three analyses were conducted consecutively in the modelling, namely, cyclic, thermal and structural. Results of the cyclic loading analysis comprising residual deformations were applied as the Initial condition to the thermal-stress model, replicating the seismic performance of column. Following, a nonlinear sequentially coupled-thermal stress Analysis was carried out to investigate the fire response of CFT columns after the seismic event. Three damage scenarios were contemplated, considering any possible potential damages that could be generated by the earthquake loading on CFT columns. The accuracy of the proposed FE model was examined by comparing the numerical results with that of available tests on fire and cyclic loading. By means of the validated model, the performance of damaged CFT columns was then investigated under fire after earthquakes. The level of damage was assumed as a high damage level, presuming that the column reached 50% of ist lateral resistance while still maintaining its overall stability after the earthquake. The results were presented broadly, including the axial deformation history as well as the fire resistance time for CFT columns. To have a comprehensive insight on the influence of damage location in columns, the fire response of damaged specimens was compared with that of an intact one. T2 - 12th International Conference on Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures (ASCCS 2018) CY - Valencia, Spain DA - 27.06. 2018 KW - Fire after earthquake KW - Concrete filled tube (CFT) column KW - Finite element model KW - Seismically damaged column KW - Damage location KW - Fire performance PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-457694 SN - 978-84-9048-601-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.4995/ASCCS2018.2018.8534 SP - 835 EP - 842 PB - Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València CY - València AN - OPUS4-45769 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani, Media A1 - Silbernagl, Dorothee A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - The effect of boehmite nanoparticles (gamma‐AlOOH) on nanomechanical and thermomechanical properties correlated to crosslinking density of epoxy N2 - We show that complex physical and chemical interactions between boehmite nanoparticles and epoxy drastically affect matrix properties, which in the future will provide tuning of material properties for further optimization in applications from automotive to aerospace. We utilize intermodulation atomic force microscopy (ImAFM) for probing local stiffness of both particles and polymer matrix. Stiff particles are expected to increase total stiffness of nanocomposites and the stiffness of polymer should remain unchanged. However, ImAFM revealed that stiffness of matrix in epoxy/boehmite nanocomposite is significantly higher than unfilled epoxy. The stiffening effect of the boehmite on epoxy also depends on the particle concentration. To understand the mechanism behind property alteration induced by boehmite nanoparticles, network architecture is investigated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). It was revealed that although with 15 wt% boehmite nanoparticles the modulus at glassy state increases, crosslinking density of epoxy for this composition is drastically low. KW - Crosslinking density KW - Epoxy KW - Intermodulation KW - Atomic force microscopy KW - Nanomechanical properties KW - Boehmite nanoparticles PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-476050 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.12.054 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 164 SP - 174 EP - 182 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-47605 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lumpe, H. A1 - Menke, A. A1 - Haisch, C. A1 - Mayer, P. A1 - Kabelitz, Anke A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Block, T. A1 - Pöttgen, R. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Daumann, L. J. T1 - The Earlier the Better: Structural Analysis and Separation of Lanthanides with Pyrroloquinoline Quinone N2 - Lanthanides (Ln) are critical raw materials, however, their mining and purification have a considerable negative environmental impact and sustainable recycling and separation strategies for these elements are needed. In this study, the precipitation and solubility behavior of Ln complexes with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), the cofactor of recently discovered lanthanide (Ln) dependent methanol Dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes, is presented. In this context, the molecular structure of a biorelevant europium PQQ complex was for the first time elucidated outside a protein environment. The complex crystallizes as an inversion symmetric dimer, Eu2PQQ2, with binding of Eu in the biologically relevant pocket of PQQ. LnPQQ and Ln1Ln2PQQ complexes were characterized by using inductively coupled Plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 151Eu-Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray total scattering, and Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). It is shown that a natural enzymatic cofactor is capable to achieve Separation by precipitation of the notoriously similar, and thus difficult to separate, lanthanides to some extent. KW - Lanthanides KW - Structural Analysis KW - Separation PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-510821 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202002653 SN - 0947-6539 VL - 26 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & co. KGaA AN - OPUS4-51082 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lumpe, H. A1 - Menke, Annika A1 - Haisch, C. A1 - Mayer, P. A1 - Kabelitz, Anke A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Block, T. A1 - Pöttgen, R. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Daumann, L. T1 - The Earlier the Better: Structural Analysis and Separation of Lanthanides with Pyrroloquinoline Quinone N2 - Lanthanides (Ln) are critical raw materials, however, their mining and purification have a considerable negative environmental impact and sustainable recycling and separation strategies for these elements are needed. In this study, the precipitation and solubility behavior of Ln complexes with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), the cofactor of recently discovered lanthanide (Ln) dependent methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes, is presented. In this context, the molecular structure of a biorelevant europium PQQ complex was for the first time elucidated outside a protein environment. The complex crystallizes as an inversion symmetric dimer, Eu2PQQ2, with binding of Eu in the biologically relevant pocket of PQQ. LnPQQ and Ln1Ln2PQQ complexes were characterized by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 151Eu‐Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐ray total scattering, and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). It is shown that a natural enzymatic cofactor is capable to achieve separation by precipitation of the notoriously similar, and thus difficult to separate, lanthanides to some extent. KW - PQQ KW - Lanthanoide KW - Coordination chemistry KW - Rare earth elements separations PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-512707 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202002653 VL - 26 IS - 44 SP - 10133 EP - 10139 AN - OPUS4-51270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - The dynamic train-track interaction on a bridge and in a tunnel compared with the simultaneous vehicle, track, and ground vibration measurements at a surface line N2 - The vehicle–track interaction generates forces and consequently vibrations in the environment. The interaction has been analysed by the simultaneous measurements of vehicle, track and ground vibrations during test runs with varied train speeds. The special effects of the passage over a bridge and through a tunnel are studied and compared with the measurements on a conventional ballasted surface line. The maximum amplitudes, narrow band and one-third octave band spectra are presented for the axle-box accelerations and for the track, bridge and ground vibrations. The different frequencies and frequency bands are related to wheel out-of-roundness, track alignment errors, the sleeper passage and the wheelset–track resonance. An axle impulse component has been observed at the track, at the near-field soil and as a scattered version in the far field. Specific results can be found for the bridge track, where clearly speed-dependent bridge resonances occur due to the axle sequence of the train, and for the tunnel track where soft rail pads are responsible for a strong amplification around the wheelset–track resonance. On the other hand, the axle impulses are strongly reduced by the tunnel track, and the scattered axle impulse component is not as relevant as for the surface track. As a consequence, a strong mid-frequency amplitude reduction of the tunnel compared to the surface line has been measured for low and high train speeds by the Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing (BAM) and by other institutes. KW - Vehicle–track interaction KW - Ground vibration KW - Tunnel-to-surface reduction KW - Bridge resonance KW - Axle sequence PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-585139 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910992 VL - 13 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-58513 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Deland, Eric A1 - Sobol, Oded A1 - Yao, Jizheng A1 - Skovhus, T. L. A1 - Koerdt, Andrea T1 - The differences in the corrosion product compositions of Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) between static and dynamic growth conditions N2 - Currently, corrosion rates (CR) and/or corrosion products (CP) obtained for methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) on carbon steel are mainly analyzed from static-incubations. By using a multiport-flow-column, much higher CRs (0.72 mm/yr) were observed, indicating static-incubations are not suitable for determining the corrosive potential of Mi-MIC. With the combination of various analytical methods (ToF-SIMS/SEM-EDS/SEM-FIB) and contrary to previously published data, we observed that CPs contained phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium and iron but lacked carbon-related species (e.g. siderite). Overall, siderite nucleation is disrupted by methanogens, as they convert aqueous bicarbonate into carbon dioxide for methanogenesis resulting in increased localized corrosion. KW - Carbon steel KW - Modelling studies KW - SIMS KW - SEM KW - Reactor conditions KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-517632 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109179 SN - 0010-938X VL - 180 SP - 9179 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-51763 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilke, Manuel A1 - Kabelitz, Anke A1 - Gorelik, T. E. A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Kolb, U. A1 - Rademann, K. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - The crystallisation of copper(II) phenylphosphonates N2 - The crystal structures and syntheses of four different copper(II) phenylphosphonates, the monophenylphosphonates α-, β-, and γ-Cu(O3PC6H5)·H2O (α-CuPhPmH (1) β-CuPhPmH (2) and γ-CuPhPmH (3)), and the diphosphonate Cu(HO3PC6H5)2·H2O (CuPhP2mH (4)), are presented. The compounds were synthesized from solution at room temperature, at elevated temperature, under hydrothermal conditions, and mechanochemical conditions. The structures of α-CuPhPmH (1) and CuPhP2mH (4) were solved from powder X-ray diffraction data. The structure of β-CuPhPmH (2) was solved by single crystal X-ray analysis. The structures were validated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and DTA analyses. Disorder of the crystal structure was elucidated by electron diffraction. The relationship between the compounds and their reaction pathways were investigated by in situ synchrotron measurements. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Metal phosphonate KW - In situ PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-384217 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT02904C SN - 1477-9226 SN - 1477-9234 VL - 45 IS - 43 SP - 17453 EP - 17463 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-38421 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wild, B. A1 - Gerrits, Ruben A1 - Bonneville, S. T1 - The contribution of living organisms to rock weathering in the critical zone N2 - Rock weathering is a key process in global elemental cycling. Life participates in this process with tangible consequences observed from the mineral interface to the planetary scale. Multiple lines of evidence show that microorganisms may play a pivotal—yet overlooked—role in weathering. This topic is reviewed here with an emphasis on the following questions that remain unanswered: What is the quantitative contribution of bacteria and fungi to weathering? What are the associated mechanisms and do they leave characteristic imprints on mineral surfaces or in the geological record? Does biogenic weathering fulfill an ecological function, or does it occur as a side effect of unrelated metabolic functions and biological processes? An overview of efforts to integrate the contribution of living organisms into reactive transport models is provided. We also highlight prospective opportunities to harness microbial weathering in order to support sustainable agroforestry practices and mining activities, soil remediation, and carbon sequestration. KW - Bio-weathering KW - Fungi KW - Mineral PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-566748 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-022-00312-7 SN - 2397-2106 VL - 6 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Macmillan CY - London AN - OPUS4-56674 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wetzel, Annica A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Dietrich, P. M. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem A1 - Witt, Julia T1 - The comparison of the corrosion behavior of the CrCoNi medium entropy alloy and CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy N2 - This work presents the determination of the corrosion characteristics of CrCoNi (medium entropy alloy) and CrMnFeCoNi (high entropy alloy) in 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M H2SO4. The morphology and chemical composition of the oxide layers formed on CrCoNi and CrMnFeCoNi were comparatively analyzed by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and supported with chemical analysis by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The analysis of the 3p core level peaks showed that the oxide layer (native and after anodic passivation) on CrCoNi consisted mainly of Cr oxides, while the oxide layer on CrMnFeCoNi was primarily composed of a mixture of Cr and Fe oxides. In addition, XPS was utilized to assess the oxide layer thicknesses. These results were compared to the thicknesses obtained by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with both approaches yielding values up to about 4 nm depending on the electrolyte and the alloy. Cyclic polarization measurements indicated superior corrosion resistance of CrCoNi in both aqueous environments compared to CrMnFeCoNi, as well as to AISI 304 stainless steel. KW - Medium entropy alloy KW - High entropy alloy KW - SKPFM KW - XPS KW - Passivation KW - Corrosion PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-559902 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154171 SN - 0169-4332 VL - 601 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-55990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marklein, B. A1 - Jenning, M. A1 - Konthur, Zoltán A1 - Häupl, T. A1 - Welzel, F. A1 - Nonhoff, U. A1 - Krobitsch, S. A1 - Mulder, D. M. A1 - Koenders, M. I. A1 - Joshua, V. A1 - Cope, A. P. A1 - Shlomchik, M. J. A1 - Anders, H.-J. A1 - Burmester, G. R. A1 - Hensvold, A. A1 - Catrina, A. I. A1 - Rönnelid, J. A1 - Steiner, G. A1 - Skriner, K. T1 - The citrullinated/native index of autoantibodies against hnRNP-DL predicts an individual "window of treatment success" in RA patients N2 - Background: There is a need for biomarker to identify patients “at risk” for rheumatoid arthritis (risk-RA) and to better predict the therapeutic response and in this study we tested the hypothesis that novel native and citrullinated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-DL autoantibodies could be possible biomarkers. Methods: Using protein macroarray and ELISA, epitope recognition against hnRNP-DL was analysed in sera from different developed RA disease and diagnosed SLE patients. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9 and myeloid Differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependency were studied in sera from murine disease models. HnRNP-DL expression in cultivated cells and synovial tissue was analysed by indirect immunofluorescence, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. KW - Citrullinated KW - Rheumatoid arthritis KW - Protein-modification KW - Autoantibodies KW - Antigens PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-533682 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02603-x SN - 1478-6362 VL - 23 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - BioMed Central CY - London AN - OPUS4-53368 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Artinov, Antoni A1 - Meng, Xiangmeng A1 - Bakir, Nasim A1 - Üstündag, Ömer A1 - Bachmann, Marcel A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - The bulging effect and its relevance in high power laser beam welding N2 - The present work deals with the recently confirmed widening of the weld pool interface, known as a bulging effect, and its relevance in high power laser beam welding. A combined experimental and numerical approach is utilized to study the influence of the bulge on the hot cracking formation and the transport of alloying elements in the molten pool. A technique using a quartz glass, a direct-diode laser illumination, a high-speed camera, and an infrared camera is applied to visualize the weld pool geometry in the longitudinal section. The study examines the relevance of the bulging effect on both, partial and complete penetration, as well as for different sheet thicknesses ranging from 8 mm to 25 mm. The numerical analysis shows that the formation of a bulge region is highly dependent on the penetration depth and occurs more frequently during partial penetration above 6 mm and complete penetration above 8 mm penetration depth, respectively. The location of the bulge correlates strongly with the cracking location. The obtained experimental and numerical results reveal that the bulging effect increases the hot cracking susceptibility and limits the transfer of alloying elements from the top of the weld pool to the weld root. T2 - 18th Nordic Laser Materials Processing Conference (18th NOLAMP) KW - High-power laser beam welding KW - Bulge effect KW - Solidification cracking KW - Multi-physical modelling KW - Metal mixing PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-539149 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1135/1/012003 VL - 1135 IS - 012003 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - IOP Publishing AN - OPUS4-53914 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - El-Athman, Rukeia A1 - Rädler, Jörg A1 - Löhmann, Oliver A1 - Ariza, Angela A1 - Muth, Thilo T1 - The BAM Data Store N2 - As a partner in several NFDI consortia, the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM, German federal institute for materials science and testing) contributes to research data standardization efforts in various domains of materials science and engineering (MSE). To implement a central research data management (RDM) infrastructure that meets the requirements of MSE groups at BAM, we initiated the Data Store pilot project in 2021. The resulting infrastructure should enable researchers to digitally document research processes and store related data in a standardized and interoperable manner. As a software solution, we chose openBIS, an open-source framework that is increasingly being used for RDM in MSE communities. The pilot project was conducted for one year with five research groups across different organizational units and MSE disciplines. The main results are presented for the use case “nanoPlattform”. The group registered experimental steps and linked associated instruments and chemicals in the Data Store to ensure full traceability of data related to the synthesis of ~400 nanomaterials. The system also supported researchers in implementing RDM practices in their workflows, e.g., by automating data import and documentation and by integrating infrastructure for data analysis. Based on the promising results of the pilot phase, we will roll out the Data Store as the central RDM infrastructure of BAM starting in 2023. We further aim to develop openBIS plugins, metadata standards, and RDM workflows to contribute to the openBIS community and to foster RDM in MSE. T2 - 1st Conference on Research Data Infrastructure DA - 12.09.2023 KW - Research Data Infrastructure KW - Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) KW - openBIS KW - Research Data Management PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-596032 DO - https://doi.org/10.52825/CoRDI.v1i.229 VL - 1 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-59603 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Suárez Ocano, Patricia A1 - Fries, S. G. A1 - Lopez-Galilea, I. A1 - Darvishi Kamachali, Reza A1 - Roik, J. A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo T1 - The AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr refractory high entropy superalloy: Experimental findings and comparison with calculations using the CALPHAD method N2 - Detailed microstructural characterization of the AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr refractory high entropy superalloy in the as-cast state is reported for first time and compared with the state annealed at 1400 oC for 24 h. The former shows a dendritic structure, with a mixture of A2/B2 phases < 20 nm in both the dendritic and interdendritic regions. A mostly amorphous phase, rich in Al and Zr, is found within the interdendritic region. The annealed state reproduced the combination of A2/B2/Al-Zr-rich phases reported previously. Calculations from two relevant ThermoCalc databases were compared with the experimental results. Equilibrium calculations were compared with results for the annealed alloy, whereas solidification paths calculated using Scheil-Gulliver model were used for comparison with the as-cast alloy. A previously hypothesized spinodal decomposition during cooling as the mechanism responsible for the patterned A2/B2 microstructure is confirmed via the CALPHAD calculations, pointing to its use as an efficient design tool for such alloys. Finally, the comparison between the experimental and computational findings allowed better understanding the solidification path and equilibrium stability of this alloy, giving a base to make better decisions on the field of new refractory superalloy design. KW - CALPHAD database analysis KW - Refractory superalloys KW - Chemically complex alloy KW - Characterization KW - Microstructure PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545906 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110593 SN - 1873-4197 VL - 217 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-54590 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hollamby, M. J. A1 - Smith, C. F. A1 - Britton, M. M. A1 - Danks, A. E. A1 - Schnepp, Z. A1 - Grillo, I. A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Kishimura, A. A1 - Nakanishi, T. T1 - The aggregation of an alkyl–C60 derivative as a function of concentration, temperature and solvent type N2 - Contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering (CV-SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of diffusion and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) are used to gain insight into the aggregation of an alkyl–C60 derivative, molecule 1, in n-hexane, n-decane and toluene as a function of concentration and temperature. Results point to an associative mechanism of aggregation similar to other commonly associating molecules, including non-ionic surfactants or asphaltenes in non-aqueous solvents. Little aggregation is detected in toluene, but small micelle-like structures form in n-alkane solvents, which have a C60-rich core and alkyl-rich shell. The greatest aggregation extent is found in n-hexane, and at 0.1 M the micelles of 1 comprise around 6 molecules at 25 °C. These micelles become smaller when the concentration is lowered, or if the solvent is changed to n-decane. The solution structure is also affected by temperature, with a slightly larger aggregation extent at 10 °C than at 25 °C. At higher concentrations, for example in solutions of 1 above 0.3 M in n-decane, a bicontinuous network becomes apparent. Overall, these findings aid our understanding of the factors driving the assembly of alkyl–π-conjugated hydrophobic amphiphiles such as 1 in solution and thereby represent a step towards the ultimate goal of exploiting this phenomenon to form materials with well-defined order. KW - Complex Molecular Systems KW - Supramolecules KW - Scattering PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-442977 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP06348B VL - 20 IS - 5 SP - 3773 EP - 3380 PB - RSC AN - OPUS4-44297 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plichta, T. A1 - Sirjovona, V. A1 - Zvonek, M. A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Cech, V. T1 - The Adhesion of Plasma Nanocoatings Controls the Shear Properties of GF/Polyester Composite N2 - High-performance fibre-reinforced polymer composites are important construction materials based not only on the specific properties of the reinforcing fibres and the flexible polymer Matrix but also on the compatible properties of the composite interphase. First, oxygen-free (a-CSi:H) and oxygen-binding (a-CSiO:H) plasma nanocoatings of different mechanical and tribological properties were deposited on planar silicon dioxide substrates that closely mimic E-glass. The nanoscratch test was used to characterize the nanocoating adhesion expressed in terms of critical normal load and work of adhesion. Next, the same nanocoatings were deposited on E-glass fibres, which were used as reinforcements in the polyester composite to affect its interphase properties. The shear properties of the polymer composite were characterized by macro- and micromechanical tests, namely a short beam shear test to determine the short-beam strength and a single fibre push-out test to determine the interfacial shear strength. The results of the polymer composites showed a strong correlation between the short-beam strength and the interfacial shear strength, proving that both tests are sensitive to changes in fibre-matrix adhesion due to different surface modifications of glass fibres (GF). Finally, a strong correlation between the shear properties of the GF/polyester composite and the adhesion of the plasma nanocoating expressed through the work of adhesion was demonstrated. Thus, increasing the work of adhesion of plasma nanocoatings from 0.8 to 1.5 mJ·m−2 increased the short-beam strength from 23.1 to 45.2 MPa. The results confirmed that the work of adhesion is a more suitable parameter in characterising the level of nanocoating adhesion in comparison with the critical normal load. KW - Mechanical properties KW - Plasma nanocoatings KW - Glass fibre KW - Polymer composite KW - Short-beam strength KW - Interfacial shear strength KW - Work of adhesion PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-521844 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13040593 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 593 PB - MDPI CY - Basel,Schweiz AN - OPUS4-52184 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wegner, Karl David A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Quantum dots N2 - The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Aleksey I. Ekimov (prize share 1/3), Louis E. Brus (prize share 1/3), and Moungi G. Bawendi (prize share 1/3) for groundbreaking inventions in the field of nanotechnology, i.e., for the discovery and synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals, also termed quantum dots, that exhibit size-dependent physicochemical properties enabled by quantum size effects. This feature article summarizes the main milestones of the discoveries and developments of quantum dots that paved the road to their versatile applications in solid-state lighting, display technology, energy conversion, medical diagnostics, bioimaging, and image-guided surgery. KW - Quantum dots KW - Semiconductor nanocrystals KW - Luminescence KW - Quantitative spectroscopy KW - Quantum yield KW - Advanced nanomaterials KW - Quality assurance KW - Energy transfer PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597843 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05225-9 VL - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-59784 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hesse, R. A1 - Denecke, R. A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Testing and validating the improved estimation of the spectrometer-transmission function with UNIFIT 2022 N2 - Recent developments of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using excitation energies different from the usual lab-sources Mg Kα and Al Kα, thus covering larger and different kinetic energy ranges, require more flexible approaches for determining the transmission function than the well-established ones using reference spectra. Therefore, the approach using quantified peak areas (QPA) was refined allowing a more precise estimation of the transmission function. This refinement was tested by comparing the results obtained with the new version with former calculations. Furthermore, the obtained transmission function was validated by comparing the results with a transmission function using the reference spectrum of polyethylene. Additionally, an ionic liquid was used as reference for estimating the transmission function at the energy resolved HE-SGM beamline at BESSY II. Comparison between the measured and stoichiometric composition shows that a transmission function was determined, which allows a reasonable quantification. KW - XPS KW - Quantification KW - Software UNIFIT 2022 KW - Synchrotron radiation KW - Transmission function IERF PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-551671 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7131 SN - 0142-2421 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley-VCH AN - OPUS4-55167 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Davis, Hannah A1 - Meconcelli, Stefania A1 - Radek, R. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Termites shape their collective behavioural response based on stage of infection N2 - Social insects employ a range of behaviours to protect their colonies against disease, but little is known about how such collective behaviours are orchestrated. This is especially true for the social Blattodea (termites). We developed an experimental approach that allowed us to explore how the social response to disease is co-ordinated by multistep host-pathogen interactions. We infected the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, and then, at different stages of infection, reintroduced them to healthy nestmates and recorded behavioural responses. As expected, termites groomed pathogen-exposed individuals significantly more than controls; however, grooming was significantly elevated after fungal germination than before, demonstrating the importance of fungal status to hygienic behaviour. Significantly, we found that cannibalism became prevalent only after exposed termites became visibly ill, highlighting the importance of host condition as a cue for social hygienic behaviour. Our study reveals the presence of a coordinated social response to disease that depends on stage of infection. Specifically, we show how the host may play a key role in triggering its own sacrifice. Sacrificial self-flagging has been observed in other social insects: our results demonstrate that termites have independently evolved to both recognize and destructively respond to sickness. KW - Social KW - Immunity KW - Cannibalism KW - Entomopathogen PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-463239 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32721-7 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 8 SP - 14433, 1 EP - 10 PB - Nature CY - London AN - OPUS4-46323 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Usmani, Shirin M. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Hübert, Thomas A1 - Kemnitz, E. T1 - Termite resistance of pine wood treated with nano metal fluorides N2 - Fluorides are well-known as wood preservatives. One of the limitations of fluoride-based wood preservatives is their high leachability. Alternative to current fluoride salts such as NaF used in wood protection are low water-soluble fluorides. However, impregnation of low water-soluble fluorides into wood poses a challenge. To address this challenge, low water-soluble fluorides like calcium fluoride (CaF2) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) were synthesized as nanoparticles via the fluorolytic sol−gel synthesis and then impregnated into wood specimens. In this study, the toxicity of nano metal fluorides was assessed by termite mortality, mass loss and visual analysis of treated specimens after eight weeks of exposure to termites, Coptotermes formosanus. Nano metal fluorides with sol concentrations of 0.5 M and higher were found to be effective against termites resulting in 100% termite mortality and significantly inhibited termite feeding. Among the formulations tested, the least damage was found for specimens treated with combinations of CaF2 and MgF2 with an average mass loss less than 1% and visual rating of “1”. These results demonstrate the efficacy of low water-soluble nano metal fluorides to protect Wood from termite attack. KW - Wood Protection KW - Nano Particles KW - Termites PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-508377 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01522-z VL - 78 SP - 493 EP - 499 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-50837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Usmani, Shirin M. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Hübert, Thomas A1 - Kemnitz, E. ED - Richter, K. ED - Van de Kulien, J.-W. T1 - Termite resistance of pine wood treated with nano metal fluorides N2 - Fluorides are well-known as wood preservatives. One of the limitations of fluoride-based wood preservatives is their high leachability. Alternative to current fluoride salts such as NaF used in wood protection are low water-soluble fluorides. However, impregnation of low water-soluble fluorides into wood poses a challenge. To address this challenge, low water-soluble fluorides like calcium fluoride (CaF2) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) were synthesized as nanoparticles via the fluorolytic sol−gel synthesis and then impregnated into wood specimens. In this study, the toxicity of nano metal fluorides was assessed by termite mortality, mass loss and visual analysis of treated specimens after eight weeks of exposure to termites, Coptotermes formosanus. Nano metal fluorides with sol concentrations of 0.5 M and higher were found to be effective against termites resulting in 100% termite mortality and significantly inhibited termite feeding. Among the formulations tested, the least damage was found for specimens treated with combinations of CaF2 and MgF2 with an average mass loss less than 1% and visual rating of “1”. These results demonstrate the efficacy of low water-soluble nano metal fluorides to protect wood from termite attack. KW - Holzschutzmittel KW - Nanoparticles KW - Fluorides KW - Termites PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-514325 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01522-z VL - 78 SP - 493 EP - 499 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-51432 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sonntag, Nadja A1 - Piesker, Benjamin A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis Alexander A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Tensile and Low‐Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Laser Powder Bed Fused Inconel 718 at Room and High Temperature N2 - This study investigates the room‐ and high‐temperature (650 °C) tensile and low‐cycle‐fatigue behavior of Inconel 718 produced by laser powder bed fusion (PBF‐LB/M) with a four‐step heat treatment and compares the results to the conventional wrought material. The microstructure after heat treatment is characterized on different length scales. Compared to the wrought variant, the elastic and yield properties are comparable at both test temperatures while tensile strength, ductility, and strain hardening capacity are lower. The fatigue life of the PBF‐LB/M variant at room temperature is slightly lower than that of the wrought material, while at 650 °C, it is vice versa. The cyclic stress response for both material variants is characterized by cyclic softening, which is more pronounced at the higher test temperature. High strain amplitudes (≥0.7%) at room temperature and especially a high testing temperature result in the formation of multiple secondary cracks at the transitions of regions comprising predominantly elongated grain morphology and columns of stacked grains with ripple patterns in the PBF‐LB/M material. This observation and pronounced crack branching and deflection indicate that the cracks are controlled by sharp micromechanical gradients and local crystallite clusters. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Fatigue damage KW - Heat treatment KW - Inconel 718 KW - Laser powder bed fusion KW - Low-cycle fatigue KW - Tensile strength PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-599316 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202302122 SN - 1527-2648 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-59931 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Gräf, S. T1 - Ten Open Questions about Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are a simple and robust route for the nanostructuring of solids that can create various surface functionalities featuring applications in optics, medicine, tribology, energy technologies, etc. While the current laser technologies already allow surface processing rates at the level of m2/min, industrial applications of LIPSS are sometimes hampered by the complex interplay between the nanoscale surface topography and the specific surface chemistry, as well as by limitations in controlling the processing of LIPSS and in the long-term stability of the created surface functions. This Perspective article aims to identify some open questions about LIPSS, discusses the pending technological limitations, and sketches the current state of theoretical modelling. Hereby, we intend to stimulate further research and developments in the field of LIPSS for overcoming these limitations and for supporting the transfer of the LIPSS technology into industry. KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Industrial application KW - Functional properties KW - Surface functionalization KW - Modelling PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-539503 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123326 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 11 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-53950 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weller, Michael G. T1 - Ten Basic Rules of Antibody Validation N2 - The quality of research antibodies is an issue for decades. Although several papers have been published to improve the situation, their impact seems to be limited. This publication makes the effort to simplify the description of validation criteria in a way that the occasional antibody user is able to assess the validation level of an immunochemical reagent. A simple, 1-page checklist is supplied for the practical application of these criteria. KW - Replication KW - Reproducibility KW - Documentation KW - Open Science KW - Quality Control KW - Biochemistry KW - Biotechnology KW - Bioanalysis PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-444322 UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813849/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/1177390118757462 SN - 11773901 VL - 13 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Sage CY - Los Angeles, USA AN - OPUS4-44432 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kage, Daniel A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Nifontova, G. A1 - Krivenkov, V. A1 - Sukhanova, A. A1 - Nabiev, I. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Tempo-spectral multiplexing in flow cytometry with lifetime detection using QD-encoded polymer beads N2 - Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) embedded into polymer microbeads are known to be very attractive emitters for spectral multiplexing and colour encoding. Their luminescence lifetimes or decay kinetics have been, however, rarely exploited as encoding parameter, although they cover time ranges which are not easily accessible with other luminophores. We demonstrate here the potential of QDs made from II/VI semiconductors with luminescence lifetimes of several 10 ns to expand the lifetime range of organic encoding luminophores in multiplexing applications using time-resolved flow cytometry (LT-FCM). For this purpose, two different types of QD-loaded beads were prepared and characterized by photoluminescence measurements on the ensemble level and by single-particle confocal laser scanning microscopy. Subsequently, these lifetime-encoded microbeads were combined with dye-encoded microparticles in systematic studies to demonstrate the potential of these QDs to increase the number of lifetime codes for lifetime multiplexing and combined multiplexing in the time and colour domain (tempo-spectral multiplexing). These studies were done with a recently developed novel luminescence lifetime flow cytometer (LT-FCM setup) operating in the time-domain, that presents an alternative to reports on phase-sensitive lifetime detection in flow cytometry. KW - Fluorescence life time KW - Flow cytometry KW - Lifetime-encoded beads KW - Quantum dots KW - Multiplexing PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-503316 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56938-2 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - Article number: 653 PB - nature.com AN - OPUS4-50331 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Mielke, Johannes T1 - Templates for nanomaterial characterisation of tier 1 and tier 2 measurement methods N2 - The EU FP7 NanoDefine project was launched in November 2013 and will run until October 2017. The Project is dedicated to support the implementation of the EU Recommendation on the Definition of Nanomaterial by the provision of the required analytical tools and respective guidance. Main goal is to develop a novel tiered approach consisting of (i) rapid and cost-efficient screening methods and (ii) confirmatory measurement methods. The "NanoDefiner" eTool will guide potential end-users, such as concerned industries and regulatory bodies as well as enforcement and contract laboratories, to reliably classify if a material is nano or not. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive inter-laboratory evaluation of the performance of current characterisation techniques, instruments and software is performed. Instruments, software and methods are further developed. Their capacity to reliably measure the size of particulates in the size range 1-100 nm and above (according to the EU definition) is validated. Technical reports on project results are published to reach out to relevant stakeholders, such as policy makers, regulators, industries and the wider scientific community, to present and discuss our goals and results, to ensure a continuous exchange of views, needs and experiences obtained from different fields of expertise and application, and to finally integrate the resulting feedback into our ongoing work on the size-related classification of nanomaterials. KW - Nanomaterial KW - Measurement method KW - Screening methods KW - Confirmatory methods PY - 2014 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-389827 UR - http://www.nanodefine.eu/index.php/downloads/nanodefine-technical-reports SP - 1 EP - 74 PB - The NanoDefine Consortium CY - Wageningen, The Netherlands AN - OPUS4-38982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karafiludis, Stephanos A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Heinekamp, Christian A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - ten Elshof, J. E. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Stawski, Tomasz T1 - Template-free synthesis of mesoporous, amorphous transition metal phosphate materials N2 - We present how mesoporosity can be engineered in transition metal phosphate (TMPs) materials in a template-free manner. The method involves a transformation of a precursor metal phosphate phase, called M-struvite (NH4MPO4·6H2O, M = Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+, NixCo1-x2+). It relies on the thermal decomposition of crystalline M-struvite precursors to an amorphous and simultaneously mesoporous phase, which forms while degassing of NH3 and H2O. The temporal evolution of mesoporous frameworks and the response of the metal coordination environment were followed with in-situ and ex-situ scattering and diffraction, as well as X -ray spectroscopy. Despite sharing the same precursor struvite structure, different amorphous and mesoporous structures were obtained depending on the involved transition metal. We highlight the systematic differences in absolute surface area, pore shape, pore size, and phase transitions depending on a metal cation present in the analogous M-struvites. The amorphous structures of thermally decomposed Mg-, Ni- and NixCo1-x-struvites exhibit high surface areas and pore volumes (240 m²g-1 and 0.32 cm-3 g-1 for Mg and 90 m²g-1 and 0.13 cm-3 g-1 for Ni). We propose that the low-cost, environmentally friendly M-struvites could be obtained as recycling products from industrial and agricultural wastewaters. These waste products could be then upcycled into mesoporous TMPs through a simple thermal treatment for further applications, for instance, in (electro)catalysis. KW - Struvite KW - Pphosphates KW - Transition metal KW - In-situ SAXS/WAXS KW - Mesoporosity PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569503 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR05630E SN - 2040-3364 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-56950 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Temperature in micromagnetism: Cell size and scaling effects of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation N2 - The movement of the macroscopic magnetic moment in ferromagnetic systems can be described by the Landau-Lifshitz (LL) or Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. These equations are strictly valid only at absolute zero temperature. To include temperature effects a stochastic version of the LL or LLG equation for a spin density of one per unit cell can be used instead. To apply the stochastic LL to micromagnetic simulations, where the spin density per unit cell is generally higher, a conversion regarding simulation cell size and temperature has to be established. Based on energetic considerations, a conversion for ferromagnetic bulk and thin film systems is proposed. The conversion is tested in micromagnetic simulations which are performed with the Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF). The Curie temperatures of bulk Nickel, Cobalt and Iron systems as well as Nickel thin-film systems with thicknesses between 6.3 mono layer (ML) and 31ML are determined from micromagnetic simulations. The results show a good agreement with experimentally determined Curie temperatures of bulk and thin film systems when temperature scaling is performed according to the presented model. KW - Micromagnetism KW - LLG KW - LL equation KW - Landau Lifshitz equation KW - Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation KW - Stochastic Landau Lifshitz equation KW - Stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation KW - Curie temperature KW - Magnetic Nanoparticles KW - Thin film systems KW - Temeprature scaling KW - Phase transition KW - Magnet coupling KW - Ferromagnetism KW - Superparamagnetism KW - Paramagnetism KW - Ni KW - Co KW - Fe KW - Steel KW - Nickel KW - Cobalt KW - Iron KW - Temperature effects KW - Cell size KW - Damping factor KW - Gamma KW - Alpha KW - Spin KW - Magnetic moment KW - Magnetic interacion KW - Magnetization dynamics KW - Domain wall KW - Exchange length KW - temeprature dependent exchange length KW - Bloch wall KW - Neel wall KW - Exchange interaction KW - Magnetic anisotropy KW - Simulation KW - OOMMF KW - Object oriented micromagnetic framework PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-484610 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ab31e6 VL - 3 IS - 7 SP - 075009-1 EP - 075009-8 PB - IOPscience CY - England AN - OPUS4-48461 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jamro, R. A1 - Mente, Tobias A1 - Kardjilov, N. A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Al-Falahat, Ala'A. M. A1 - Woracek, R. A1 - Manke, I. A1 - Griesche, Axel T1 - Temperature distribution during welding measured by neutron imaging N2 - This study was carried out to investigate the neutron transmission signal as a function of sample temperature during a welding process. A theoretical description that includes the Debye-Waller factor was used to describe the temperature influence on the neutron crosssections. Neutron imaging using a monochromatic beam helps to observe transmission variations related to the material temperature. In-situ neutron imaging of welding experiments show the distribution of the temperature in bulk steel samples. The performed finite element modelling of expected temperature distributions shows good agreement with the obtained experimental data. KW - Neutron imaging KW - Debye-Waller-Faktor PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-586268 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2605/1/012026 VL - 2605 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd. AN - OPUS4-58626 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robens-Radermacher, Annika A1 - Unger, Jörg F. A1 - Mezhov, Alexander A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram ED - Biondini, F. ED - Frangopo, D. M. T1 - Temperature dependent modelling approach for early age behavior of printable mortars N2 - Structural build-up describes the stability and early-age strength development of fresh mortar used in 3D printing. lt is influenced by several factors, i.e. the composition of the print­ able material, the printing regime, and the ambient conditions. The existing modelling approaches for structural build-up usually define the model parameters for a specific material composition with­ out considering the influence of the ambient conditions. The goal of this contribution is to explicitly include the temperature dependency in the modelling approach. Temperature changes have signifi­ cant impact on the structural build-up process: an increase of the temperature leads to a faster dissol­ ution of cement phases and accelerates hydration. The proposed extended model includes temperature dependency using the Arrhenius theory. The new model parameters are successfully calibrated based on Viskomat measurement data using Bayesian inference. Furthermore, a higher impact of the temperature in the re-flocculation as in the structuration stage is observed. T2 - The Eighth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE 2023) CY - Milano, Italien DA - 02.07.2023 KW - 3D concrete printing KW - Material characterization KW - Structural build-up KW - Thixotropy KW - Model calibration PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582175 SN - 978-1-003-32302-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003323020-146 SN - 978-1-003-32302-0 VL - 1st Edition SP - 1193 EP - 1200 PB - CRC Press AN - OPUS4-58217 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Al-Falahat, A M A1 - Kardjilov, N A1 - Woracek, R A1 - Boin, M A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Kuhn, L T A1 - Makowska, M A1 - Strobl, M A1 - Pfretzschner, B A1 - Banhart, J A1 - Manke, I T1 - Temperature dependence in Bragg edge neutron transmission measurements N2 - A systematic study has been carried out to investigate the neutron transmission signal as a function of sample temperature. In particular, the experimentally determined wavelength-dependent neutron attenuation spectra for a martensitic steel at temperatures ranging from 21 to 700°C are compared with simulated data. A theoretical description that includes the Debye–Waller factor in order to describe the temperature influence on the neutron cross sections was implemented in the nxsPlotter software and used for the simulations. The analysis of the attenuation coefficients at varying temperatures shows that the missing contributions due to elastic and inelastic scattering can be clearly distinguished: while the elastically scattered intensities decrease with higher temperatures, the inelastically scattered intensities increase, and the two can be separated from each other by analysing unique sharp features in the form of Bragg edges. This study presents the first systematic approach to quantify this effect and can serve as a basis , for example, to correct measurements taken during in situ heat treatments, in many cases being a prerequisite for obtaining quantifiable results. KW - Neutron Bragg edge imaging KW - Debye–Waller factor KW - Temperature-dependent neutron transmission KW - Super martensitic stainless steel PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556896 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576722006549 VL - 55 IS - Pt 4 SP - 919 EP - 928 PB - International Union of Crystallography AN - OPUS4-55689 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Mielke, Johannes T1 - Techniques evaluation report for selection of characterisation methods N2 - This report is the result of a comprehensive study on the available CMs which come potentially in question for the reliable analysis of the number based size distribution of a nanomaterial according to the EC recommendation for a definition of nanomaterial. Based on the performance criteria already established in NanoDefine the potential CMs are evaluated according to studies available in the literature as well as following the expertise of the NanoDefine consortium partners. The specific advantages and disadvantages of each method with respect to its applicability to the scope of NanoDefine are particularly highlighted. An CM evaluation table is produced so that the mostly suited CMs with respect to the EC definition can be grouped and recommended to the corresponding NanoDefine work packages for further specific development (improvement and adaption), or for direct validation and standardisation, respectively. The actual evaluation report including the recommended CMs will be revised and, if necessary, eventually updated at the mid time of the project. The update will be jointly discussed in the NanoDefine consortium on the basis of the results of testing the methods on the NanoDefine real world materials. KW - Nanomaterial KW - Characterization method KW - EC definition PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-389473 UR - http://www.nanodefine.eu/publications/reports/NanoDefine_TechnicalReport_D3.1.pdf SP - D3.1, 1 EP - 57 CY - Wageningen, The Netherlands AN - OPUS4-38947 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Birgit Angelika A1 - Ziemann, M. A A1 - Pentzien, Simone A1 - Gabsch, T. A1 - Koch, W. A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Technical analysis of a Central Asian wall painting detached from a Buddhist cave temple on the northern Silk Road N2 - A great number of Central Asian wall paintings, archeological materials, architectural fragments, and textiles, as well as painting fragments on silk and paper, make up the so called Turfan Collection at the Asian Art Museum in Berlin. The largest part of the collection comes from the Kucha region, a very important cultural center in the third to ninth centuries. Between 1902 and 1914, four German expeditions traveled along the northern Silk Road. During these expeditions, wall paintings were detached from their original settings in Buddhist cave complexes. This paper reports a technical study of a wall painting, existing in eight fragments, from the Buddhist cave no. 40 (Ritterhöhle). Its original painted surface is soot blackened and largely illegible. Grünwedel, leader of the first and third expeditions, described the almost complete destruction of the rediscovered temple complex and evidence of fire damage. The aim of this case study is to identify the materials used for the wall paintings. Furthermore, soot deposits as well as materials from conservation interventions were of interest. Non-invasive analyses were preferred but a limited number of samples were taken to provide more precise information on the painting technique. By employing optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, a layer sequence of earthen render, a ground layer made of gypsum, and a paint layer containing a variety of inorganic pigments were identified. KW - Wall paintings KW - Central Asia KW - Silk Road KW - Pigments KW - Microscopy PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-357297 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/2047058414Y.0000000152 VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 113 EP - 122 PB - Routledge Taylor & Francis Group CY - London AN - OPUS4-35729 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nilsson, R. H. A1 - Taylor, A. F. S. A1 - Adams, R. I. A1 - Baschien, C. A1 - Bengtsson-Palme, J. A1 - Cangren, P. A1 - Coleine, C. A1 - Iršėnaitė, R. A1 - Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria A1 - Meyer, W. A1 - Oh, S.-Y. A1 - Sampaio, J. P. A1 - Seifert, K. A. A1 - Sklenář, F. A1 - Stubbe, D. A1 - Suh, S.-O. A1 - Summerbell, R. A1 - Svantesson, S. A1 - Unterseher, M. A1 - Visagie, C. M. A1 - Weiss, M. A1 - Woudenberg, J. HC. A1 - Wurzbacher, C. A1 - Van den Wyngaert, S. A1 - Yilmaz, N. A1 - Yurkov, A. A1 - Kõljalg, U. A1 - Abarenkov, K. A1 - Daniel, H.-M. A1 - Glassman, S. I. A1 - Hirooka, H. A1 - Irinyi, L. T1 - Taxonomic annotation of public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment – a report from an April 10–11, 2017 workshop (Aberdeen, UK) N2 - Recent DNA-based studies have shown that the built environment is surprisingly rich in fungi. These indoor fungi – whether transient visitors or more persistent residents – may hold clues to the rising levels of human allergies and other medical and building-related health problems observed globally. The taxo¬nomic identity of these fungi is crucial in such pursuits. Molecular identification of the built mycobiome is no trivial undertaking, however, given the large number of unidentified, misidentified, and technically compromised fungal sequences in public sequence databases. In addition, the sequence metadata required to make informed taxonomic decisions – such as country and host/substrate of collection – are often lacking even from reference and ex-type sequences. Here we report on a taxonomic annotation workshop (April 10–11, 2017) organized at the James Hutton Institute/University of Aberdeen (UK) to facilitate reproducible studies of the built mycobiome. The 32 participants went through public fungal ITS bar¬code sequences related to the built mycobiome for taxonomic and nomenclatural correctness, technical quality, and metadata availability. A total of 19,508 changes – including 4,783 name changes, 14,121 metadata annotations, and the removal of 99 technically compromised sequences – were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (https://unite.ut.ee/) and shared with a range of other databases and downstream resources. Among the genera that saw the largest number of changes were Penicillium, Talaromyces, Cladosporium, Acremonium, and Alternaria, all of them of significant importance in both culture-based and culture-independent surveys of the built environment. KW - Indoor mycobiome KW - Built environment KW - Molecular identification KW - Fungi KW - Taxonomy KW - Systematics KW - Sequence annotation KW - Metadata KW - Open data PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-438949 DO - https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.28.20887 SN - 1314-4049 SN - 1314-4057 VL - 28 SP - 65 EP - 82 PB - Pensoft Publishers CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-43894 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shashev, Yury A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Britzke, Ralf A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Hentschel, M. P. T1 - Talbot- Lau interferometry with a non- binary phase grating for non-destructive testing N2 - Grating interferometric set-ups have been established in the last decade. They are promising candidates to obtain enhanced image contrast from weakly absorbing micro and nano structures. They are based on X-ray refraction and near-field diffraction using the Talbot effect. At the expense of taking multiple images, Talbot-Lau grating interferometry allows separating the absorption, refraction, and scattering contributions by analysing the disturbances of a phase grating interference pattern. Contrary to other refraction enhanced methods, this technique can be applied using conventional X-ray tubes (divergent, polychromatic source). This makes it attractive to solve typical non-destructive testing problems. We investigated the efficiency of phase gratings, i.e. the visibility (the amplitude of oscillations) upon variation of propagation distance and phase grating rotation around an axis parallel to the grid lines. This grating rotation changes the grating shape (i.e. the distributions of phase shifts). This can yield higher visibilities than derived from rectangular shapes. Our study includes experimental results obtained from synchrotron radiation, as well as simulations for monochromatic radiation. The advantages of Talbot-Lau interferometry are demonstrated at the example of glass capillaries. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Talbot- Lau interferometry KW - Phase grating KW - Non-destructive testing PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-383163 SP - Tu_3_G_2, 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-38316 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shashev, Yury A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Britzke, Ralf A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Mueller, Bernd R. A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. T1 - Talbot- Lau interferometry with a non- binary phase grating for non-destructive testing N2 - Grating interferometric set-ups have been established in the last decade. They are promising candidates to obtain enhanced image contrast from weakly absorbing micro and nano structures. They are based on X-ray refraction and near-field diffraction using the Talbot effect. At the expense of taking multiple images, Talbot-Lau grating interferometry allows separating the absorption, refraction, and scattering contributions by analysing the disturbances of a phase grating interference pattern. Contrary to other refraction enhanced methods, this technique can be applied using conventional X-ray tubes (divergent, polychromatic source). This makes it attractive to solve typical non-destructive testing problems. We investigated the efficiency of phase gratings, i.e. the visibility (the amplitude of oscillations) upon variation of propagation distance and phase grating rotation around an axis parallel to the grid lines. This grating rotation changes the grating shape (i.e. the distributions of phase shifts). This can yield higher visibilities than derived from rectangular shapes. Our study includes experimental results obtained from synchrotron radiation, as well as simulations for monochromatic radiation. The advantages of Talbot-Lau interferometry are demonstrated at the example of glass capillaries. T2 - WCNDT2016 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Phase-contrast X-ray imaging KW - Talbot- Lau interferometry KW - Phase grating KW - Visibility KW - Synchrotron radiation PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-365987 SN - 978-3-940283-78-8 VL - BB 158 SP - Tu.3.G.2., 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-36598 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roesch, Philipp A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Wittwer, Philipp A1 - Huthwelker, T. A1 - Borca, C. A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas A1 - Kluge, Stephanie A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Taking a Look at the Surface: µ-XRF Mapping and Fluorine K-edge µ-XANES Spectroscopy of Organofluorinated Compounds in Environmental Samples and Consumer Products N2 - For the first time, µ-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) mapping combined with fluorine K-edge µ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) spectroscopy was applied to depict per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination and inorganic fluoride in samples concentrations down to 100 µg/kg fluoride. To demonstrate the matrix tolerance of the method, several PFAS contaminated soil and sludge samples as well as selected consumer product samples (textiles, food contact paper and permanent baking sheet) were investigated. µ-XRF mapping allows for a unique element-specific visualisation at the sample surface and enables localisation of fluorine containing compounds to a depth of 1 µm. Manually selected fluorine rich spots were subsequently analysed via fluorine K-edge µ-XANES spectroscopy. To support spectral interpretation with respect to inorganic and organic chemical distribution and compound class determination, linear combination (LC) fitting was applied to all recorded µ-XANES spectra. Complementarily, solvent extracts of all samples were target-analysed via LC-MS/MS spectrometry. The detected PFAS sum values range from 20 to 1136 µg/kg dry weight (dw). All environmentally exposed samples revealed higher concentration of PFAS with a chain length >C8 (e.g. 580 µg/kg dw PFOS for Soil1), whereas the consumer product samples showed a more uniform distribution with regard to chain lengths from C4 to C8. Independent from quantified PFAS amounts via target analysis, µ-XRF mapping combined with µ-XANES spectroscopy was successfully applied to detect both point-specific concentration maxima and evenly distributed surface coatings of fluorinated organic contaminants in the corresponding samples. KW - PFAS KW - XRF KW - LC-MS/MS KW - XANES KW - Fluoride KW - Soil PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576109 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00107E SN - 2050-7887 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-57610 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Le Guevel, X. A1 - Wegner, Karl David A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Baulin, V. A. A1 - Musnier, B. A1 - Josserand, V. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Koll, J-C T1 - Tailoring the SWIR emission of gold nanoclusters by surface ligand rigidification and their application in 3D bioimaging N2 - The influence of solvent polarity and surface ligand rigidification on the SWIR emission profile of gold nanoclusters with an anistropic surface was investigated. A strong enhancement of the SWIR emission band at 1200 nm was observed when measuring in different local environments: in solution, in polymer composites, and in solids. SWIR in vivo imaging of mice assisted by deep learning after intravenous administration of these gold nanoclusters provides high definition pseudo-3D views of vascular blood vessels. KW - Nano KW - Nanomaterial KW - Metal cluster KW - Photoluminescence KW - Quantum yield KW - Photophysics KW - Lifetime KW - Sensor KW - NIR KW - SWIR KW - Ligand KW - Gold KW - Mechanism KW - Charge transfer KW - Enhancement strategy KW - Imaging KW - Application KW - Contrast agent PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543582 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC06737K VL - 58 IS - 18 SP - 2967 EP - 2970 PB - RSC AN - OPUS4-54358 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Neuhold, S. A1 - Drissen, P. A1 - Algermissen, D. A1 - Presoly, P. A1 - Sedlazeck, K. P. A1 - Schenk, J. A1 - Raith, J. G. A1 - Pomberger, R. A1 - Vollprecht, D. T1 - Tailoring the FeO/SiO2 ratio in electric arc furnace slags to minimize the leaching of Vanadium and Chromium N2 - Based on recently published research on leaching control mechanisms in electric arc furnace (EAF) slags, it is assumed that a FeO/SiO2 ratio of around one leads to low leached V and Cr concentrations. This ratio influences the mineral phase composition of the slag toward higher amounts of spinel and a lower solubility of calcium silicate phases by suppressing the formation of magnesiowuestite and highly soluble calcium silicate phases. To evaluate this hypothesis, laboratory and scaled up tests in an EAF pilot plant were performed on slag samples characterized by elevated V and Cr leaching and a high FeO/SiO2 ratio. Prior to the melting experiments, the optimum FeO/SiO2 ratio was calculated via FactSageTM. In the melting experiments, the ratio was adjusted by adding quartz sand, which also decreased the basicity (CaO/SiO2) of the slag. As a reference, remelting experiments without quartz sand addition were conducted and additionally, the influence of the cooling rate of the slag was examined. The remelted (without quartz sand) and the remelted modified slags (with quartz sand) were analyzed chemically and mineralogically and the leaching behavior was investigated. The modification of the slags yielded a minimized release of V and Cr, supporting the hypothesis that the FeO/SiO2 ratio influences the mineralogy and the leaching behavior. KW - Electric arc furnace slags KW - FactSage calculations KW - EAF slags KW - Leaching control mechanisms KW - Melting experiments PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-507748 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072549 VL - 10 IS - 7 SP - 2549 EP - 2565 AN - OPUS4-50774 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuhold, S. A1 - Algermissen, D. A1 - Drissen, P. A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Presoly, P. A1 - Sedlazeck, K. P. A1 - Schenk, J. A1 - Raith, J. G. A1 - Pomberger, R. A1 - Vollprecht, D. T1 - Tailoring the FeO/SiO2 Ratio in Electric Arc Furnace Slags to Minimize the Leaching of Vanadium and Chromium N2 - Based on recently published research on leaching control mechanisms in electric arc furnace (EAF) slags, it is assumed that a FeO/SiO2 ratio of around one leads to low leached V and Cr concentrations. This ratio influences the mineral phase composition of the slag toward higher amounts of spinel and a lower solubility of calcium silicate phases by suppressing the formation of magnesiowuestite and highly soluble calcium silicate phases. To evaluate this hypothesis, laboratory and scaled up tests in an EAF pilot plant were performed on slag samples characterized by elevated V and Cr leaching and a high FeO/SiO2 ratio. Prior to the melting experiments, the optimum FeO/SiO2 ratio was calculated via FactSageTM. In the melting experiments, the ratio was adjusted by adding quartz sand, which also decreased the basicity (CaO/SiO2) of the slag. As a reference, remelting experiments without quartz sand addition were conducted and additionally, the influence of the cooling rate of the slag was examined. The remelted (without quartz sand) and the remelted modified slags (with quartz sand) were analyzed chemically and mineralogically and the leaching behavior was investigated. The modification of the slags yielded a minimized release of V and Cr, supporting the hypothesis that the FeO/SiO2 ratio influences the mineralogy and the leaching behavior. KW - Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags KW - FactSageTM calculations KW - Leaching control mechanisms KW - Melting experiments PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571517 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072549 VL - 10 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-57151 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tehranchi, Ali A1 - Chakraborty, Poulami A1 - López Freixes, Martí A1 - McEniry, Eunan J. A1 - Gault, Baptiste A1 - Hickel, Tilmann A1 - Neugebauer, Jörg T1 - Tailoring negative pressure by crystal defects: Microcrack induced hydride formation in Al alloys N2 - Climate change motivates the search for non-carbon-emitting energy generation and storage solutions. Metal hydrides show promising characteristics for this purpose. They can be further stabilized by tailoring the negative pressure of microstructural and structural defects. Using systematic ab initio and atomistic simulations, we demonstrate that an enhancement in the formation of hydrides at the negatively pressurized tip region of the microcrack is feasible by increasing the mechanical tensile load on the specimen. The theoretical predictions have been used to reassess and interpret atom probe tomography experiments for a high-strength 7XXX-aluminium alloy that show a substantial enhancement of hydrogen concentration at structural defects near a stress-corrosion crack tip. These results contain important implications for enhancing the capability of metals as H-storage materials. KW - Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) KW - Hydrogen storage KW - Ab initio Simulation KW - Microcracks PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587878 DO - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.7.105401 SN - 2475-9953 VL - 7 IS - 10 SP - 105401-1 EP - 105401-12 PB - American Physical Society (APS) AN - OPUS4-58787 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chapartegui-Arias, Ander A1 - Raysyan, A. A1 - Belenguer, A. M. A1 - Jaeger, Carsten A1 - Tchipilov, Teodor A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique A1 - Beyer, S. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Tailored mobility in a zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) antibody conjugate N2 - Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) hybrid fluorescent nanoparticles and ZIF antibody conjugates have been synthesized, characterized, and employed in lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA). The bright fluorescence of the conjugates and the possibility to tailor their mobility gives a huge potential for diagnostic assays. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as label, proved the integrity, stability, and dispersibility of the antibody conjugates, LC-MS/MS provided evidence that a covalent link was established between these metal-organic frameworks and lysine residues in IgG antibodies. KW - ZIF KW - ELISA PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-532096 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202100803 SN - 0947-6539 SN - 1521-3765 VL - 27 IS - 36 SP - 9414 EP - 9421 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-53209 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gotor, Raúl A1 - Bell, Jérémy A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Tailored fluorescent solvatochromic test strips for quantitative on-site detection of gasoline fuel adulteration N2 - Gasoline adulteration is a frequent problem world-wide, because of the chance of quick, maximized profits. However, addition of cheaper ethanol or hydrocarbons like kerosene does not only result in economic damage but also poses problems for vehicles and the environment. To enable law enforcement forces, customers or enterprises to uncover such a fraudulent activity directly upon suspicion and without the need to organize for sampling and laboratory analysis, we developed a simple strip-based chemical test. Key to the favorable performance was the dedicated materials tailoring, which led to test strips that consisted of a cellulose support coated with silica, passivated with hexamethyldisilazane and functionalized covalently with a molecular probe. The probe fluoresces brightly across a broad solvent polarity range, enabling reliable quantitative measurements and data analysis with a conventional smartphone. The assays showed high reproducibility and accuracy, allowing not only for the detection of gasoline adulteration but also for the on-site monitoring of the quality of commercial E10 gasoline. KW - Gasoline KW - Adulteration KW - Test strips KW - Benzin KW - Teststreifen KW - Fluorescence KW - Cellulose KW - Zellulose KW - Fluoreszenz PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-479231 UR - https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/tc/c8tc04818e DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC04818E SN - 2050-7526 VL - 7 IS - 8 SP - 2250 EP - 2256 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-47923 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hachenberger, Y. U. A1 - Rosenkranz, D. A1 - Kriegel, Fabian L. A1 - Krause, B. A1 - Matschaß, René A1 - Reichardt, P. A1 - Tentschert, J. A1 - Laux, P. A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Luch, A. T1 - Tackling Complex Analytical Tasks: An ISO/TS-Based Validation Approach for Hydrodynamic Chromatography Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry N2 - Nano-carrier systems such as liposomes have promising biomedical applications. Nevertheless, characterization of these complex samples is a challenging analytical task. In this study a coupled hydrodynamic chromatography-single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HDC-spICP-MS) approach was validated based on the technical specification (TS) 19590:2017 of the international organization for standardization (ISO). The TS has been adapted to the hyphenated setup. The quality criteria (QC), e.g., linearity of the calibration, transport efficiency, were investigated. Furthermore, a cross calibration of the particle size was performed with values from dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Due to an additional Y-piece, an online-calibration routine was implemented. This approach allows the calibration of the ICP-MS during the dead time of the chromatography run, to reduce the required time and enhance the robustness of the results. The optimized method was tested with different gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) mixtures to investigate the characterization properties of HDC separations for samples with increasing complexity. Additionally, the technique was successfully applied to simultaneously determine both the hydrodynamic radius and the Au-NP content in liposomes. With the established hyphenated setup, it was possible to distinguish between different subpopulations with various NP loads and different hydrodynamic diameters inside the liposome carriers. KW - Single particle ICP-MS KW - Nanoparticle characterization KW - Nano-carrier KW - Iposomes KW - Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) KW - Validation PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506609 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061447 VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 14 CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-50660 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markwart, Jens C. A1 - Battig, Alexander A1 - Zimmermann, Lisa A1 - Wagner, Martin A1 - Fischer, Jochen A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Wurm, Frederik R. T1 - Systematically controlled decomposition mechanism in phosphorus flame retardants by precise molecular architecture: P−O vs P−N N2 - Flame retardants (FR) are inevitable additives to many plastics. Halogenated organics are effective FRs but are controversially discussed due to the release of toxic gases during a fire or their persistence if landfilled. Phosphorus-containing compounds are effective alternatives to halogenated FRs and have potential lower toxicity and degradability. In addition, nitrogencontaining additives were reported to induce synergistic effects with phosphorus-based FRs. However, no systematic study of the gradual variation on a single phosphorus FR containing both P−O and P−N moieties and their comparison to the respective blends of phosphates and phosphoramides was reported. This study developed general design principles for P−O- and P−N-based FRs and will help to design effective FRs for various polymers. We synthesized a library of phosphorus FRs that only differ in their P-binding pattern from each other and studied their decomposition mechanism in epoxy resins. Systematic control over the decomposition pathways of phosphate (PO(OR)3), phosphoramidate (PO(OR)2(NHR)), phosphorodiamidate (PO(OR)(NHR)2), phosphoramide (PO(NHR)3), and their blends was identified, for example, by reducing cis-elimination and the formation of P−N-rich char with increasing nitrogen content in the P-binding sphere. Our FR epoxy resins can compete with commercial FRs in most cases, but we proved that the blending of esters and amides outperformed the single molecule amidates/diamidates due to distinctively different decomposition mechanisms acting synergistically when blended. KW - Phosphorus KW - Flame retardants KW - Epoxies KW - Mechanistic study KW - Toxicity PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-481549 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00129 SN - 2637-6105 VL - 1 IS - 5 SP - 1118 EP - 1128 PB - ACS AN - OPUS4-48154 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Chi-Long A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Systematic ranking of filaments regarding their particulate emissions during fused filament fabrication 3D printing by means of a proposed standard test method N2 - The diversity of fused filament fabrication (FFF) filaments continues to grow rapidly as the popularity of FFF-3D desktop printers for the use as home fabrication devices has been greatly increased in the past decade. Potential harmful emissions and associated health risks when operating indoors have induced many emission studies. However, the lack of standardization of measurements impeded an objectifiable comparison of research findings. Therefore, we designed a chamber-based standard method, i.e., the strand printing method (SPM), which provides a standardized printing procedure and quantifies systematically the particle emission released from individual FFF-3D filaments under controlled conditions. Forty-four marketable filament products were tested. The total number of emitted particles (TP) varied by approximately four orders of magnitude (1E9 ≤ TP ≤ 1E13), indicating that origin of polymers, manufacturer-specific additives, and undeclared impurities have a strong influence. Our results suggest that TP characterizes an individual filament product and particle emissions cannot be categorized by the polymer type (e.g., PLA or ABS) alone. The user's choice of a filament product is therefore decisive for the exposure to released particles during operation. Thus, choosing a filament product awarded for low emissions seems to be an easily achievable preemptive measure to prevent health hazards. KW - Emission test method KW - FFF-printing KW - Particle emission KW - Indoor air quality KW - FFF-filament PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545087 DO - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.13010 SN - 1600-0668 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA AN - OPUS4-54508 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xin, L. A1 - Mika, J. A1 - Horbert, V. A1 - Bischoff, S. A1 - Schubert, H. A1 - Borowski, J. A1 - Maenz, S. A1 - Huber, R. A1 - Sachse, A. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kinne, R. W. T1 - Systematic postoperative assessment of a minimally-invasive sheep model for the treatment of osteochondral defects N2 - To assess the clinical course of a sheep stifle joint model for osteochondral (OC) defects, medial femoral condyles (MFC) were exposed without patella luxation using medial parapatellar skin (3–4 cm) and deep incisions (2–3 cm). Two defects (7 mm diameter; 10 mm depth; OC punch) were left empty or refilled with osteochondral autologous transplantation cylinders (OATS) and explanted after six weeks. Incision-to-suture time, anesthesia time, and postoperative wound or impairment scores were compared to those in sham-operated animals. Implant performance was assessed by X-ray, micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistology (collagens 1, 2; aggrecan). There were no surgery-related infections or patellar luxations. Operation, anesthesia, and time to complete stand were short (0.5, 1.4, and 1.5 h, respectively). The wound trauma score was low (0.4 of maximally 4; day 7). Empty-defect and OATS animals reached an impairment score of 0 significantly later than sham animals (7.4 and 4.0 days, respectively, versus 1.5 days). Empty defects showed incomplete healing and dedifferentiation/heterotopic differentiation; OATS-filled defects displayed advanced bone healing with remaining cartilage gaps and orthotopic expression of bone and cartilage markers. Minimally-invasive, medial parapatellar surgery of OC defects on the sheep MFC allows rapid and low-trauma recovery and appears well-suited for implant testing. KW - Osteochondral stifle joint defect KW - Sheep animal model KW - Minimally-invasive parapatellar approach PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-520180 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/life10120332 SN - 2075-1729 VL - 10 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-52018 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lisec, Jan A1 - Kobelt, D. A1 - Walther, W. A1 - Mokrizkij, M. A1 - Grötzinger, C. A1 - Jaeger, Carsten A1 - Baum, K. A1 - Simon, M. A1 - Wolf, J. A1 - Beindorf, N. A1 - Brenner, W. A1 - Stein, U. T1 - Systematic Identification of MACC1-Driven Metabolic Networks in Colorectal Cancer N2 - MACC1 is a prognostic and predictive metastasis biomarker for more than 20 solid Cancer entities. However, its role in cancer metabolism is not sufficiently explored. Here, we report on how MACC1 impacts the use of glucose, glutamine, lactate, pyruvate and fatty acids and show the comprehensive analysis of MACC1-driven metabolic networks. We analyzed concentrationdependent changes in nutrient use, nutrient depletion, metabolic tracing employing 13C-labeled substrates, and in vivo studies. We found that MACC1 permits numerous effects on cancer metabolism. Most of those effects increased nutrient uptake. Furthermore, MACC1 alters metabolic pathways by affecting metabolite production or turnover from metabolic substrates. MACC1 supports use of glucose, glutamine and pyruvate via their increased depletion or altered distribution within metabolic pathways. In summary, we demonstrate that MACC1 is an important regulator of metabolism in cancer cells. KW - Mass Spectroscopy KW - Metabolomics KW - Cancer PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-533526 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13050978 VL - 13 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - MDPI Journal Cancers AN - OPUS4-53352 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer A1 - Ziegler, Mathias A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane ED - Maldague, X. T1 - Systematic errors in the evaluation of uncorrected data from thermographic lock-in measurements N2 - Lock-in thermography (LT) is based on the correct evaluation of phase differences between the temperature oscillations at different surface regions of the object under test during periodic heating. Since the usual heating procedures contain a DC component, the actual heating pattern achieved is not harmonic. This causes systematic deviations when phase differences are determined by means of harmonic analysis, e.g. with FFT analysis. The resulting errors depend clearly on the ratio between DC and AC amplitude, which is demonstrated at simulated and experimentally recorded temperature transients. Further experimental LT data obtained by different oscillating energy inputs showed a variety of possible shapes of transients with different DC components. T2 - 14th QIRT Conference CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.06.2018 KW - NDT KW - Lock-in Thermography KW - FFT PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-453768 SP - 539 EP - 547 PB - QIRT Council AN - OPUS4-45376 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cros, A. A1 - Alfaro Espinoza, Gabriela A1 - De Maria, A. A1 - Wirth, N. T. A1 - Nikel, P. I. T1 - Synthetic metabolism for biohalogenation N2 - The pressing need for novel bioproduction approaches faces a limitation in the number and type of molecules accessed through synthetic biology. Halogenation is widely used for tuning physicochemical properties of molecules and polymers, but traditional halogenation chemistry often lacks specificity and generates harmful by-products. Here, we pose that deploying synthetic metabolism tailored for biohalogenation represents an unique opportunity towards economically attractive and environmentally friendly organohalide production. On this background, we discuss growth-coupled selection of functional metabolic modules that harness the rich repertoire of biosynthetic and biodegradation capabilities of environmental bacteria for in vivo biohalogenation. By rationally combining these approaches, the chemical landscape of Living cells can accommodate bioproduction of added-value organohalides which, as of today, are obtained by traditional chemistry. KW - Halogenation KW - Synthetic metabolism PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-542013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2021.11.009 SN - 0958-1669 SN - 1879-0429 VL - 74 SP - 180 EP - 193 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-54201 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tsamos, Athanasios A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei A1 - Fioresi, R. A1 - Faglioni, F. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Synthetic Data Generation for Automatic Segmentation of X-ray Computed Tomography Reconstructions of Complex Microstructures N2 - The greatest challenge when using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for automatic segmentation of microstructural X-ray computed tomography (XCT) data is the acquisition of sufficient and relevant data to train the working network. Traditionally, these have been attained by manually annotating a few slices for 2D DCNNs. However, complex multiphase microstructures would presumably be better segmented with 3D networks. However, manual segmentation labeling for 3D problems is prohibitive. In this work, we introduce a method for generating synthetic XCT data for a challenging six-phase Al–Si alloy composite reinforced with ceramic fibers and particles. Moreover, we propose certain data augmentations (brightness, contrast, noise, and blur), a special in-house designed deep convolutional neural network (Triple UNet), and a multi-view forwarding strategy to promote generalized learning from synthetic data and therefore achieve successful segmentations. We obtain an overall Dice score of 0.77. Lastly, we prove the detrimental effects of artifacts in the XCT data on achieving accurate segmentations when synthetic data are employed for training the DCNNs. The methods presented in this work are applicable to other materials and imaging techniques as well. Successful segmentation coupled with neural networks trained with synthetic data will accelerate scientific output. KW - Automatic segmentation KW - 3D deep convolutional neural network (3D DCNN) KW - Dice score KW - Metal matrix composite (MMC) KW - Modified U-Net architectures KW - Multi-phase materials PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571243 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9020022 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-57124 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Franziska A1 - Scholz, G. A1 - Batzdorf, Lisa A1 - Wilke, Manuel A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Synthesis, structure determination, and formation of a theobromine: oxalic acid 2:1 cocrystal N2 - The structure and the formation pathway of a new theobromine : oxalic acid (2 : 1) cocrystal are presented. The cocrystal was synthesised mechanochemically and its structure was solved based on the powder X-ray data. The mechanochemical synthesis of this model compound was studied in situ using synchrotron XRD. Based on the XRD data details of the formation mechanism were obtained. The formation can be described as a self-accelerated ('liquid like') process from a highly activated species. KW - ssNMR spectroscopy KW - Synchrotron measurements KW - API molecule PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-331567 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ce02066a SN - 1466-8033 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 824 EP - 829 CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-33156 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Doriti, A. A1 - Brosnan, S. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Schlaad, H. T1 - Synthesis of polysarcosine from air and moisture stable N-phenoxycarbonyl-N-methylglycine assisted by tertiary amine base N2 - Polysarcosine (M-n = 3650-20 000 g mol(-1), D similar to 1.1) was synthesized from the air and moisture stable N-phenoxycarbonyl-N-methylglycine. Polymerization was achieved by in situ transformation of the urethane precursor into the corresponding N-methylglycine-N-carboxyanhydride, when in the presence of a non-nucleophilic tertiary amine base and a primary amine initiator. KW - Polysarcosine KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - Synthesis PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-359309 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6py00221h SN - 1759-9954 SN - 1759-9962 VL - 7 IS - 18 SP - 3067 EP - 3070 AN - OPUS4-35930 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kricheldorf, H. R. A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Synthesis of polylactides by means of tin catalysts N2 - This article reviews the usefulness of tin(II) and tin(IV) salts and compounds as catalysts for the polymerization of lactides. The text is subdivided into nine parts mainly reflecting different polymerization strategies, such as ring-opening polymerization (ROP), ring-expansion polymerization (REP), ROP combined with simultaneous polycondensation (ROPPOC), various catalysts with unknown polymerization mechanisms, and polycondensation of lactic acid. Since the toxicity of tin salts and compounds is a matter of concern and frequently mentioned in numerous publications, the first section deals with facts instead of myths about the toxicity of tin salts and compounds. KW - Polylactide KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - Tin catalysts PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545050 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2py00092j SP - 1 EP - 30 PB - Royal Society for Chemistry AN - OPUS4-54505 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kricheldorf, H. R. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Scheliga, F. T1 - Synthesis of cyclic polymers and flaws of the Jacobson–Stockmayer theory N2 - Cyclic poly(L-lactide)s were prepared by ring-opening polymerization combined with simultaneous polycondensation (ROPPOC) in bulk at 160 ° with dibutyltin bis(4-cyanophenoxide) as catalyst. It is demonstrated by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry and 1H NMR end group analyses that cycles are formed by endto-end cyclization in addition to “back-biting” transesterification. Formation of high molar mass cyclic poly L-lactide)s by means of several more reactive ROPPOC catalysts presented previously and in new experiments is discussed. These experimental results, together with theoretical arguments, prove that part of the Jacobson–Stockmayer theory is wrong. The critical monomer concentration, above which end-toend cyclization is seemingly impossible, does not exist and reversible like irreversible polycondensations can theoretically proceed up to 100% conversion, so that finally all reaction products will necessarily adopt a cyclic architecture. KW - Polylactide KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - Cyclization PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506419 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0py00226g VL - 11 IS - 14 SP - 2595 EP - 2604 PB - Royal Society for Chemistry AN - OPUS4-50641 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kricheldorf, H. R. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Scheliga, F. T1 - Synthesis of cyclic poly(l-lactide) catalyzed by Bismuth salicylates-A combination of two drugs N2 - l‐lactide was polymerized in bulk at 160 or 180°C with mixtures of bismuth subsalicylate (BiSub) and salicylic (SA) as catalysts. The SA/Bi ratio and the monomer/Bi ratio were varied. The highest molecular weights (weight average, Mw) were achieved at a SA/Bi ratio of 1/1 (Mw up to 92 000 g mol−1). l‐Lactide was also polymerized with combinations of BiSub and silylated SA, and Mw values up to 120 000 g mol−1 were achieved at 180°C. MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry and Mark‐Houwink‐Sakurada measurements proved that under optimized reaction conditions the resulting polylactides consist of cycles. KW - Polylactide KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - Cyclization KW - Catalyst KW - Salicylate PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-488622 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.29473 SN - 0887-624X SN - 1099-0518 SP - 29473 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-48862 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keller, Julia A1 - Hantschke, Luisa A1 - Haase, H. A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Synthesis and Structural Identification of a Biaryl Ether-Linked Zearalenone Dimer N2 - A new dimer of the food-relevant mycotoxin zearalenone was isolated after electrochemical and chemical oxidation. The structure was determined as a 16-O-15'-biaryl ether-linked dimer based on spectroscopic analyses (1H- and 13C-NMR, COSY, HMBC, and HSQCAD) and high-Resolution mass spectrometry analysis (Q-TOF). KW - Mycotoxin KW - Dimerization KW - HRMS KW - NMR PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-464940 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102624 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 23 IS - 10 SP - 2624 EP - 2628 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-46494 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Srivastava, Priyanka A1 - Fürstenwerth, Paul Christian A1 - Witte, J. F. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a fluorescent phenanthrene-rhodamine dyad for ratiometric measurements of acid pH values N2 - We present the rational design, synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a novel dual excitation, three color emitting, pH-responsive fluorescent probe consisting of two phenanthrene and one rhodamine B units linked by click chemistry. The rhodamine moiety, excitable at λEx = 315 nm and at λEx = 560 nm in its ring-opened form, provides the pH-responsive fluorophore, while the pH-insensitive phenanthrene, excited at λEx = 315 nm, serves as inert internal reference, The presence of two phenanthrene moieties enables a blue monomer and a blueish green excimer emission at 351 nm and 500 nm, respectively. Opening of the rhodamine B spirolactam ring at an acidic pH below 5.0 (pKa = 2.59 ± 0.04) switches on its emission at 580 nm. Simultaneously, the phenanthrene excimer emission decreases caused by a change in orientation of the phenanthrene units, while the monomer emission is barely affected. This sensor design enables ratiometric measurements in the low acidic pH range utilizing the intensity ratios of the rhodamine B and phenanthrene excimer emission at 580 nm and 500 nm. Alternatively, also the intensity ratios of the rhodamine B and the phenanthrene monomer emission could be exploited or the sum of the phenanthrene monomer and excimer fluorescence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ratiometric sensing utilizing such a versatile type of tricolor emissive dyad probe bearing phenanthrene moieties and showing phenanthrene monomer and excimer emission. KW - Fluorescence KW - Optical probe KW - Sensor KW - Dye KW - Rhodamine KW - Synthesis KW - Photophysics KW - PH KW - Quantum yield KW - Quality assurance KW - Mechanism KW - Chemodosimeter KW - Phenanthrene KW - Ratiometric KW - Dyad PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-530554 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1nj01573g SN - 1144-0546 VL - 45 IS - 31 SP - 13755 EP - 13762 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-53055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henning, L. M. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Colmenares, M. G. A1 - Bekheet, M. F. A1 - Simon, U. A1 - Gurlo, A. T1 - Synthesis and properties of COK-12 large-pore mesocellularsilica foam N2 - Large, ink-bottle-shaped pores in mesocellular foams (MCFs) are desired for various applications requiring enhanced mass transfer or the immobilization of larger compounds. Hence, the cylindrical pores of COK-12, an ordered mesoporous silica structurally comparable to SBA-15 but synthesized at room-temperature at quasi-neutral pH, are chemically swollen into ink-bottle pores. Therefore, p-xylene is used as a more sustainable swelling agent compared to popular alternatives. Its high boiling point allows for an additional thermal aging step to amplify the mesostructure enlargement without needing additional chemicals. For COK-12, the MCFs obtained at room temperature reach an unprecedented plateau for the modal mesopore cell and window diameter of 19.9 and 5.5 nm, respectively, with an underlying broad pore size distribution and distorted hexagonal lattice up to 14.5 nm, involving hexagonal and spherical structures. The combined chemical and thermal swelling resulted in the selective enlargement of the window diameter to more than 200% and a slightly increased cell diameter, pore size distribution, and hexagonal lattice distortion in comparison to the room temperature synthesis. Such materials are thought to be promising alternatives to SBA-15-based MCFs, often utilizing toxic catalysts during synthesis. The presented results pave the way for enhanced adsorptive, catalytic, and drug delivery performances for COK-12-based materials. KW - SAXS KW - MOUSE KW - Mesocellular foam KW - Mesoporous silica PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569590 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202200223 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-56959 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rautenberg, Max A1 - Akhmetova, Irina A1 - Das, Chayanika A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Synthesis and In Situ Monitoring of Mechanochemical Preparation of Highly Proton Conductive Hydrogen-Bonded Metal Phosphonates N2 - Crystalline porous materials are recognized as promising proton conductors for the proton exchange membrane (PEM) in fuel cell technology owing to their tunable framework structure. However, it is still a challenging bulk synthesis for real-world applications of these materials. Herein, we report the mechanochemical gram-scale synthesis of two isostructural metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (MHOFs) of Co(II) and Ni(II) based on 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid (HEDPH4) with 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bipy): Co(HEDPH3)2(2,2′-bipy)·H2O (1) and Ni(HEDPH3)2(2,2′-bipy)·H2O (2). In situ monitoring of the mechanochemical synthesis using different synchrotron-based techniques revealed a one-step mechanism – the starting materials are directly converted to the product. With the existence of extensive hydrogen bonds with amphiprotic uncoordinated phosphonate hydroxyl and oxygen atoms, both frameworks exhibited proton conduction in the range of 10–4 S cm–1 at room temperature under humid conditions. This study demonstrates the potential of green mechanosynthesis for bulk material preparation of framework-based solid-state proton conductors. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Proton conductivity KW - Metal Organic Frameworks PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-577777 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c07509 VL - 8 IS - 19 SP - 16687 EP - 16693 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-57777 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Sukhikh, A. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Gromilov, S. T1 - Synthesis and Crystal Chemistry of Octahedral Rhodium(III) Chloroamines N2 - Rhodium(III) octahedral complexes with amine and chloride ligands are the most common starting compounds for preparing catalytically active rhodium(I) and rhodium(III) species. Despite intensive study during the last 100 years, synthesis and crystal structures of rhodium(III) complexes were described only briefly. Some [RhClx(NH3)6-x] compounds are still unknown. In this study, available information about synthetic protocols and the crystal structures of possible [RhClx(NH3)6−x] octahedral species are summarized and critically analyzed. Unknown crystal structuresof(NH4)2[Rh(NH3)Cl5],trans–[Rh(NH3)4Cl2]Cl·H2O,andcis–[Rh(NH3)4Cl2]Clarereported based on high quality single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The crystal structure of [Rh(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 was redetermined. All available crystal structures with octahedral complexes [RhClx(NH3)6-x] were analyzed in terms of their packings and pseudo-translational sublattices. Pseudo-translation lattices suggest face-centered cubic and hexagonal closed-packed sub-cells, where Rh atoms occupy nearly ideal lattices. KW - Pseudo-translationalsublattices KW - Rhodiumcomplexes KW - Ligandsubstitution KW - Crystalstructure PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-508194 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040768 VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 768 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-50819 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hildebrandt, Jana A1 - Taubert, Andreas A1 - Thünemann, Andreas T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of Ultra‐Small Gold Nanoparticles in the Ionic Liquid 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Dicyanamide, [Emim][DCA] N2 - AbstractWe report on gold clusters with around 62 gold atoms and a diameter of 1.15±0.10 nm. Dispersions of the clusters are long‐term stable for two years at ambient conditions. The synthesis was performed by mixing tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4 ⋅ 3 H2O) with the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Emim][DCA]) at temperatures of 20 to 80 °C. Characterization was performed with small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. A three‐stage model is proposed for the formation of the clusters, in which cluster growth from gold nuclei takes place according to the Lifshitz‐Slyozov‐Wagner (LSW) model followed by oriented attachment to form colloidal stable clusters. KW - Reference materials KW - SAXS KW - Gold KW - Nanoparticle KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering KW - Ionic liquid PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588203 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202300106 SN - 2191-1363 VL - 44 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-58820 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schutter, Jan David A1 - Eberhardt, Karl A1 - Elert, Anna Maria A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Geißler, Daniel A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Synthesis and characterization of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) anchored polystyrene microparticles as a synthetic model system for attachment studies N2 - Outer membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play a crucial role in determining attachment behavior and pathogenicity of bacteria. The aim of this study was to develop a simple procedure for anchoring bacterial lipopolysaccharides to polystyrene (PS) microparticles as a model system for in situ attachment studies. By using a swellcapture methodology, commercially available LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 27316 serotype 10.22) was anchored onto PS microparticles in a proof-of-concept study. A detailed chemical and morphological characterization has proven the success of LPS incorporation. It was shown that the coverage and structure of the LPS film was concentration dependent. The procedure can easily be adapted to LPS of other bacterial strains to generate a synthetic model toolkit for attachment studies. KW - Bacterial lipopolysaccharides KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Polystyrene microparticles KW - Swell-capture KW - Biomimicry PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579818 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113301 SN - 0927-7765 VL - 226 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-57981 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de O. Primo, J. A1 - Horsth, D.F. A1 - de S. Correa, J. A1 - Das, A. A1 - Bittencourt, C. A1 - Umek, P. A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Zanetta, C. A1 - Anaissi, F.J. T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles for Bacteria Disinfection in Water N2 - n this study, two green synthesis routes were used for the synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanoparticles, using cassava starch as a simple and low-cost effective fuel and Aloe vera as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The Ag/ZnO nanoparticles were characterized and used for bacterial dis- infection of lake water contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli). Characterization indicated the formation of a face-centered cubic structure of metallic silver nanoparticles with no insertion of Ag into the ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses described in “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” were used to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment. In comparison to pure ZnO, the synthesized Ag/ZnO nanoparticles showed high efficiencies against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and general coliforms present in the lake water. These pathogens were absent after treatment using Ag/ZnO nanoparticles. The results indicate that Ag/ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via green chemistry are a promising candidate for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated by bacteria, due to their facile preparation, low-cost synthesis,and disinfection efficiency. KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-562440 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101764 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 12 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56244 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bugel, S. A1 - Hahnel, M. A1 - Kunde, T. A1 - de Sousa Amadeu, Nadar A1 - Sun, Y. A1 - Spieß, A. A1 - Beglau, T. H. Y. A1 - Janiak, C. A1 - Schmidt, B. M. T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of a Crystalline Imine-Based Covalent Organic Framework with Triazine Node and Biphenyl Linker and Its Fluorinated Derivate for CO2/CH4 Separation N2 - A catalyst-free Schiff base reaction was applied to synthesize two imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The condensation reaction of 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenyl)triazine (TAPT) with 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde led to the structure of HHU-COF-1 (HHU = Heinrich-Heine University). The fluorinated analog HHU-COF-2 was obtained with 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octafluoro-4,4′-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde. Solid-state NMR, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis confirmed the successful formation of the two network structures. The crystalline materials are characterized by high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas of 2352 m2/g for HHU-COF-1 and 1356 m2/g for HHU-COF-2. The products of a larger-scale synthesis were applied to prepare mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) with the polymer Matrimid. CO2/CH4 permeation tests revealed a moderate increase in CO2 permeability at constant selectivity for HHU-COF-1 as a dispersed phase, whereas application of the fluorinated COF led to a CO2/CH4 selectivity increase from 42 for the pure Matrimid membrane to 51 for 8 wt% of HHU-COF-2 and a permeability increase from 6.8 to 13.0 Barrer for the 24 wt% MMM. KW - MOF KW - Filter PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547632 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082807 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 15 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-54763 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kricheldorf, H. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Meyer, A. T1 - Syntheses of Polyglycolide via Polycondensation: A Reinvestigation N2 - The Na salt of chloroacetic acid is condensed in suspension. Furthermore,glycolic acid is condensed in bulk or in concentrated solution by means of SnCl2 or 4-toluene sulfonic acid (TSA) as catalysts. The temperatures are varied from 160 to 200°C and the time from 1 to 5 days. Low molar mass cyclic poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) is detected by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometry in most PGAs. A predominance of certain cycles having an even number of repeat units is observed suggesting a thermodynamically favored formation of extended-ring crystals. Extremely high melting temperatures (up to 237.5°C)and high melting enthalpies are found for polycondensations with TSA in 1,2-dichlorobenzene. KW - MALDI TOF MS KW - Polycondensation KW - Polyglycolide KW - Cyclization PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-596856 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202300397 IS - 2300397 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-59685 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kricheldorf, H. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Meyer, A. T1 - Syntheses of high molecular mass polyglycolides via ring-opening polymerization with simultaneous polycondensation(ROPPOC) by means of tin and zinc catalysts N2 - Glycolide was polymerized in bulk by means of four different ROPPOC catalysts: tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (SnOct2), dibutyltin bis(pentafluoro-phenoxide) (BuSnOPF),zinc biscaproate (ZnCap), and zinc bis(pentafluoro-phenyl sulfide) (ZnSPF). The temperature was varied between 110 and 180°C and the time between 3 h and 7 days. For the few polyglycolides (PGAs) that were soluble extremely high molecular masses were obtained. The MALDI TOF mass spectra had all a low signal-to-noise ration and displayed the peaks of cyclic PGAs with a“saw-tooth pattern ”indicating formation of extended-ring crystallites in the mass range below m/z 2500. The shape of DSC curves varied considerably with catalyst and reaction conditions, whereas the long-distance values measured by SAXS were small and varied little with the polymeriza-tion conditions. KW - MALDI TOF MS KW - Polyglycolide KW - Crystalinity PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598221 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6365 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. AN - OPUS4-59822 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kricheldorf, H. A1 - Scheliga, F. A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Syntheses of Cyclic Poly(l-lactide)s by Means of Zinc-Based Ring-Opening Polymerization with Simultaneous Polycondensation (ROPPOC) Catalysts N2 - Ring-opening polymerizations of l-lactide are studied in bulk at 140 or 160 °C with zinc n-hexanoate, zinc 4-chlorothiophenolate, and zinc pentafluoro thiophenolate (ZnSPF) as catalysts. The reactivity increases in the given order. With all three catalysts a high fraction of cycles is obtained only at polymerization (annealing) times around 7 d. With ZnSPF weight average molecular weights (Mw) up to 178 000, a Tm around 199 °C and a 𝚫Hm around 99 J g−1 were achieved. The samples annealed for 4 or 7 d also display a saw tooth pattern of the mass peak distribution in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight spectra indicating transesterification reactions across the surface of extended ring crystals. This process optimizes the thermodynamical properties of the crystalline cyclic polylactides and is responsible for the high Tm and 𝚫Hm values. KW - Polylactide KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - Ring opening polymerization KW - Polymerization PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578264 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202300070 SN - 1022-1352 SP - 202300070 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-57826 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sut, Aleksandra A1 - Metzsch-Zilligen, E. A1 - Großhauser, M. A1 - Pfaendner, R. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Synergy between melamine cyanurate, melamine polyphosphate and aluminum diethylphosphinate in flame retarded thermoplastic polyurethane N2 - The multicomponent flame retardant system of melamine polyphosphate (MPP), melamine cyanurate (MC) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) is proposed and investigated for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The synergy between those additives and the resulting superior fire performance are discussed. Systematically varied sets of flame retarded TPU with various MPP/MC/AlPi ratios were investigated in terms of fire behavior, pyrolysis products and mechanical properties. The total amount of the additives was always 30 wt.-%. Further, the influence of various AlPi concentrations was investigated. The optimal MPP:MC ratio was determined while keeping the amount of AlPi constant. The combination of 8 wt.-% MPP, 12 wt.-% MC and 10 wt.-% is proposed as the most promising halogen free flame retardant formulation for TPU, because it yielded a reduction in PHRR from 2660 kW/m2 (TPU) to 452 kW/m2 and enabled V-0 classification in the UL 94 test. Combinations of MPP and MC as well a high concentration of AlPi are beneficial for the mechanical properties e.g. tensile strength and elongation at break of the formulations and could be a strong competitor to commercial flame retarded TPUs. KW - Thermoplastic polyurethane KW - Synergy KW - Melamine cyanurate KW - Melamine polyphosphate KW - Aluminum diethylphosphinate KW - Rapid mass calorimeter PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-472523 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.01.001 SN - 0142-9418 VL - 74 SP - 196 EP - 204 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-47252 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Epishin, A. A1 - Camin, B. A1 - Hansen, L. A1 - Chyrkin, A. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Synchrotron Sub-μ X-ray Tomography of Kirkendall Porosity in a Diffusion Couple of Nickel-Base Superalloy and Nickel after Annealing at 1250 °C N2 - Kirkendall porosity that forms during interdiffusion in a diffusion couple of nickel-base superalloy CMSX-10 with pure nickel is investigated. The diffusion experiments are conducted at a temperature of 1250 °C, where the strengthening ƴ'-phase ist partially dissolved. The porosity is studied by X-ray sub-μ tomography with a spatial resolution of about 0.35³ μm³ at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France. It is found that depending on the distance from the interface the Kirkendall pores take different shapes: octahedral, rounded pyramidal, drop shaped, dendritic, pear shaped, and joint shapes. Such a variety of pore morphologies indicates a complex multistage process of porosity nucleation and growth under vacancy supersaturation of different degrees. The experimental findings are interpreted on the basis of the results of diffusion modeling. It is shown that the kinetics of porosity growth is essentially influenced by the dissolution of the ƴ'-phase. KW - Diffusion KW - Nickel alloys KW - Porous materials KW - Synchrotron radiations KW - Three-dimensional tomographies PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-521476 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202001220 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 1220 PB - Wiley Online Library AN - OPUS4-52147 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauwolf, M. A1 - Turyanskaya, A. A1 - Roschger, A. A1 - Prost, J. A1 - Simon, R. A1 - Scharf, O. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Schoonjans, Tom A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Klaushofer, K. A1 - Wobrauschek, P. A1 - Hofstaetter, J. G. A1 - Roschger, P. A1 - Streli, C. T1 - Synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of thin structures in bone samples: comparison of confocal and color X-ray camera setups N2 - In the quest for finding the ideal synchrotron-radiation-induced imaging method for the investigation of trace element distributions in human bone samples, experiments were performed using both a scanning confocal synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence (SR-mXRF) (FLUO beamline at ANKA) setup and a full-field color X-ray camera (BAMline at BESSY-II) setup. As zinc is a trace element of special interest in bone, the setups were optimized for its detection. The setups were compared with respect to count rate, required measurement time and spatial resolution. It was demonstrated that the ideal method depends on the element of interest. Although for Ca (a major constituent of the bone with a low energy of 3.69 keV for its K alpha XRF line) the color X-ray camera provided a higher resolution in the plane, for Zn (a trace element in bone) only the confocal SR-µXRF setup was able to sufficiently image the distribution. KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - BESSY KW - XRF KW - X-ray Color Camera PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-391944 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577516017057 SN - 1600-5775 VL - 24 SP - 307 EP - 311 PB - International Union of Crystallography AN - OPUS4-39194 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweitzer, T. A1 - Hörmann, M. A1 - Bühling, Benjamin A1 - Bobusch, B. T1 - Switching Action of a Bistable Fluidic Amplifier for Ultrasonic Testing N2 - Air-coupled ultrasonic testing is widely used in the industry for the non-destructive testing of compound materials. It provides a fast and efficient way to inspect large concrete civil infrastructures for damage that might lead to catastrophic failure. Due to the large penetration depths required for concrete structures, the use of traditional piezoelectric transducer requires high power electric systems. In this study, a novel fluidic transducer based on a bistable fluidic amplifier is investigated. Previous experiments have shown that the switching action of the device produces a high-power broadband ultrasonic signal. This study will provide further insight into the switching behaviour of the fluidic switch. Therefore, parametric CFD simulations based on compressible supersonic RANS simulations were performed, varying the inlet pressure and velocity profiles for the control flow. Switching times are analyzed with different methods, and it was found that These are mostly independent of the slope of the velocity profile at the control port. Furthermore, it was found that an inversely proportional relationship exists between flow velocity in the throat and the switching time. The results agree with the theoretical background established by experimental studies that can be found in the literature. KW - Ultrasound KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Fluidic devices KW - Computational fluid dynamics KW - Concrete KW - Bistable fluidic amplifier PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-525115 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6050171 SN - 2311-5521 VL - 6 IS - 5 SP - 171 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-52511 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoogendoorn, Levi A1 - Huertas, Mauricio A1 - Nitz, Phillip A1 - Qi, Naiyu A1 - Baller, Johannes A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Graeber, Gustav T1 - Sustainable, Low‐Cost Sorbents Based on Calcium Chloride‐Loaded Polyacrylamide Hydrogels N2 - AbstractSorbents are promising materials for applications in atmospheric water harvesting, thermal energy storage, and passive cooling, thereby addressing central challenges related to water scarcity and the global energy transition. Recently, hygroscopic hydrogel composites have emerged as high‐performance sorbents. However, many of these systems are fabricated with unsustainable and costly sorbent materials, which hinders their wide deployment. Here, the synthesis of high‐performance, cost‐efficient polyacrylamide hydrogels loaded with unprecedented amounts of calcium chloride is demonstrated. To this end, the swelling procedure of polyacrylamide hydrogels in aqueous calcium chloride solutions is optimized. The achievable salt loading in the hydrogel is characterized as a function of temperature, calcium chloride concentration in the swelling solution, and the hydrogel preparation conditions. The obtained hydrogel‐salt composites are shown to be stable under repeated sorption‐desorption cycling and enable water uptakes of 0.92 and 2.38 grams of water per gram of dry materials at 30% and 70% relative humidity, respectively. The resulting cost‐performance ratio substantially exceeds lithium chloride‐based systems. Further, the mechanistic insights on hydrogel salt interactions can guide the design of sustainable and low‐cost sorbent materials for future applications in water and energy. KW - Electrochemistry KW - Condensed Matter Physics KW - Biomaterials KW - Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598366 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202314680 SN - 1616-301X SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-59836 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sproesser, G. A1 - Schenker, S. A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Borndörfer, R. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael A1 - Chang, Y.-J. A1 - Finkbeiner, M. T1 - Sustainable welding process selection based on weight space partitions N2 - Selecting a welding process for a given application is crucial with respect to the sustainability of part manufacturing. Unfortunately, since welding processes are evaluated by a number of criteria, preferences for one or the other process can be contradictory. However, the prevalent procedure of weight assignment for each criterion is subjective and does not provide information about the entire solution space. From the perspective of a decision maker it is important to be able to assess the entire set of possible weightings and answer the question which welding process is optimal for which set of weights. This issue is investigated by means of a weight space partitioning approach. Two welding processes are considered with respect to three criteria that reflect their economic and environmental performance. In order to find the most sustainable welding process the underlying weight space partition is evaluated. T2 - 13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing – Decoupling Growth from Resource Use CY - Bình Dương New City, Vietnam DA - 16.09.2015 KW - Welding costs KW - Multi-criteria decision support KW - LCA KW - Welding process selection KW - GMAW KW - Multi-attribute decision method PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-353740 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.01.077 SN - 2212-8271 VL - 40 SP - 127 EP - 132 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-35374 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sproesser, G. A1 - Change, Y.-J. A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Finkbeiner, M. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael ED - Stark, R. ED - Bonvoisin, J. ED - Seliger, G. T1 - Sustainable technologies for thick metal plate welding N2 - Welding is the most important joining technology. In the steel construction industry, e.g. production of windmill sections, welding accounts for a main part of the manufacturing costs and resource consumption. Moreover, social issues attached to welding involve working in dangerous environments. This aspect has unfortunately been neglected so far, in light of a predominant focus on economics combined with a lack of suitable assessment methods. In this chapter, exemplary welding processes are presented that reduce the environmental and social impacts of thick metal plate welding. Social and environmental Life Cycle Assessments for a thick metal plate joint are conducted for the purpose of expressing and analysing the social and environmental impacts of welding. Furthermore, it is shown that state-of-the-art technologies like Gas Metal Arc Welding with modified spray arcs and Laser Arc-Hybrid Welding serve to increase social and environmental performance in contrast to common technologies, and therefore offer great potential for sustainable manufacturing. KW - Human health G. KW - Life cycle assessment (LCA) KW - Arc welding KW - Laser arc-hybrid welding KW - Resource efficiency KW - Social life cycle assessment (SLCA) PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-390025 SN - 978-3-319-48513-3 SN - 978-3-319-48514-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48514-0 SN - 2194-0541 SN - 2194-055X SP - 71 EP - 84 PB - Springer CY - Cham, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-39002 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neukammer, J. A1 - Hussels, M. A1 - Kummrow, A. A1 - Devonshire, A. A1 - Foy, C. A1 - Huggett, J. A1 - Parkes, H. A1 - Zel, J. A1 - Milavec, M. A1 - Schimmel, H. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Akgoz, M. A1 - McHugh, V. A1 - Grunert, H.-P. A1 - Zeichhardt, H. T1 - Survey results on nucleic acid tests of infectious diseases: present status and need for rapid and patient near diagnostics N2 - This survey will discuss current and emerging isothermal and rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based nucleic acid amplification methods for patient near diagnostics. To assess the clinical need of rapid diagnostics for infectious diseases based on nucleic acid tests (NATs) we performed and analysed a questionnaire among laboratories participating in corresponding INSTAND ring trials for external quality assurance. The questions concerning new amplification technologies like isothermal nucleic acid amplification, potentially suited to significantly decrease turnaround times, were complemented by questions to evaluate the present status of NATs. Besides end-users, companies were also addressed by sending out a manufacturer specific questionnaire. Analysis of the answers from 48 laboratories in 14 European countries revealed that a much shorter turnaround time is requested for selected pathogens compared to about 2 h or longer when applying temperature cycling amplification, i.e. PCR. In this context, most frequently mentioned were MRSA, norovirus, influenza A and B viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV) as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). At present, 8% of the laboratories having participated in this survey apply isothermal amplification of nucleic acid to identify infectious pathogens. KW - Nucleic acid tests KW - Infectious diseases KW - Virus detection KW - Bacteria detection KW - Isothermal nucleic acid amplification KW - Status report KW - Questionnaire KW - NAT KW - PCR PY - 2014 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0183-lab0000160 UR - http://www.egms.de/static/en/journals/lab/2015-6/lab000016.shtml DO - https://doi.org/10.3205/lab000016 SN - 1869-4241 VL - 6 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - GMS CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-36133 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sajulga, R. A1 - Easterly, C. A1 - Riffle, M. A1 - Mesuere, B. A1 - Muth, Thilo A1 - Mehta, S. A1 - Kumar, P. A1 - Johnson, J. A1 - Gruening, B. A1 - Schiebenhoefer, H. A1 - Kolmeder, C. A1 - Fuchs, S. A1 - Nunn, B. A1 - Rudney, J. A1 - Griffin, T. A1 - Jagtap, P. T1 - Survey of metaproteomics software tools for functional microbiome analysis N2 - To gain a thorough appreciation of microbiome dynamics, researchers characterize the functional relevance of expressed microbial genes or proteins. This can be accomplished through metaproteomics, which characterizes the protein expression of microbiomes. Several software tools exist for analyzing microbiomes at the functional level by measuring their combined proteome-level response to environmental perturbations. In this survey, we explore the performance of six available tools, to enable researchers to make informed decisions regarding software choice based on their research goals. Tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic data obtained from dental caries plaque samples grown with and without sucrose in paired biofilm reactors were used as representative data for this evaluation. Microbial peptides from one sample pair were identified by the X! tandem search algorithm via SearchGUI and subjected to functional analysis using software tools including eggNOG-mapper, MEGAN5, MetaGOmics, MetaProteomeAnalyzer (MPA), ProPHAnE, and Unipept to generate functional annotation through Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Among these software tools, notable differences in functional annotation were detected after comparing differentially expressed protein functional groups. Based on the generated GO terms of these tools we performed a peptide-level comparison to evaluate the quality of their functional annotations. A BLAST analysis against the NCBI non-redundant database revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of functional annotation varied between tools. For example, eggNOG-mapper mapped to the most number of GO terms, while Unipept generated more accurate GO terms. Based on our evaluation, metaproteomics researchers can choose the software according to their analytical needs and developers can use the resulting feedback to further optimize their algorithms. To make more of these tools accessible via scalable metaproteomics workflows, eggNOG-mapper and Unipept 4.0 were incorporated into the Galaxy platform. KW - Bioinformatics KW - Metaproteomics KW - Mass spectrometry PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-516358 DO - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241503 SP - e0241503 AN - OPUS4-51635 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kulka, M.W. A1 - Nie, C. A1 - Nickl, P. A1 - Kerkhoff, Y. A1 - Garg, A. A1 - Salz, D. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Grunwald, I. A1 - Haag, R. T1 - Surface-Initiated Grafting of Dendritic Polyglycerol from Mussel-Inspired Adhesion-Layers for the Creation of Cell-Repelling Coatings N2 - Biofouling is a major challenge in the application of textiles, biosensors, and biomedical implants. In the current work, a straightforward method for the solvent-free polymerization of antifouling dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) from mussel-inspired dendritic polyglycerol (MI-dPG) coatings on hydrophilic titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is reported. Surface characterization is performed by static water contact angle (CA) measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant lower CA values are obtained after dPG grafting from MI-dPG-coated TiO2 and MI-dPG coated PDMS. Furthermore, XPS shows a time-dependent increase of the CO bond content upon dPG grafting from MI-dPG-coated TiO2 and MI-dPG-coated PDMS. Analysis of the surface morphology by SEM shows a clear time-dependent increase in the surface roughness upon dPG grafting from MI-dPG-coated TiO2 and MIdPG-coated PDMS. When the viability of two adhesive cell types is studied via LIVE/DEAD staining, a strong reduction in the cell density is observed after the dPG grafting from MI-dPG-coated TiO2 and MI-dPG-coated PDMS (a decrease of >95% in all cases). The combined results show that biocompatible but highly cell-repelling surfaces are efficiently constructed via the grafting of dPG from MI-dPG-coated TiO2 and MI-dPG-coated PDMS. KW - Repelling surface coatings KW - Dendritic polyglycerol KW - Mussel-inspired adhesives KW - Surface-initated grafting PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-516590 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202000931 SN - 2196-7350 VL - 7 IS - 24 SP - 931 PB - Wiley VCH AN - OPUS4-51659 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thomas, Maximilian A1 - Vollert, F. A1 - Weidemann, Jens A1 - Gibmeier, J. A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Surface- and volume-based investigation on influences of different Varestraint testing parameters and chemical compositions on solidification cracking in LTT filler metals N2 - The subject of this study is how, and to what extent, Varestraint/Transvarestraint test results are influenced by both testing parameters and characteristics of evaluation methods. Several different high-alloyed martensitic LTT (low Transformation temperature) filler materials, CrNi and CrMn type, were selected for examination due to their rather distinctive solidification cracking behaviour, which aroused interest after previous studies. First, the effects of different process parameter sets on the solidification cracking response were measured using standard approaches. Subsequently, microfocus X-ray computer tomography (μCT) scans were performed on the specimens. The results consistently show sub-surface cracking to significant yet varying extents. Different primary solidification types were found using wavelength dispersive X-ray (WDX) analysis conducted on filler metals with varying Cr/Ni equivalent ratios. This aspect is regarded as the main difference between the CrNiand CrMn-type materials in matters of cracking characteristics. Results show that when it comes to testing of modern highperformance alloys, one set of standard Varestraint testing parameters might not be equally suitable for all materials. Also, to properly accommodate different solidification types, sub-surface cracking has to be taken into account. KW - Solidification cracking KW - Varestraint testing KW - MVT KW - LTT filler metal KW - Microfocus X-ray computer tomography (μCT) PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506039 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-00895-2 VL - 64 SP - 913 EP - 923 PB - Springer Nature CY - Heidelberg, New York AN - OPUS4-50603 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Söftje, M. A1 - Weingartz, T. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Gjikaj, M. A1 - Namysko, J. C. A1 - Kaufmann, D. E. T1 - Surface Tuning of Wood via Covalent Modification of Its Lignocellulosic Biopolymers with Substituted BenzoatesA Study on Reactivity, Efficiency, and Durability N2 - Chemical modification of wood applying benzotriazolyl-activated carboxylic acids has proven to be a versatile method for the durable functionalization of its lignocellulosic biopolymers. Through this process, the material properties of Wood can be influenced and specifically optimized. To check the scope and limitations of this modification method, various benzamide derivatives with electron-withdrawing (EWG) or electron-donating (EDG) functional groups in different positions of the aromatic ring were synthesized and applied for covalent modification of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood in this study. The bonded amounts of substances (up to 2.20 mmol) were compared with the reactivity constants of the Hammett equation, revealing a significant correlation between the modification efficiency and the theoretical reactivity constants of the corresponding aromatic substitution pattern. The successful covalent attachment of the respective substituted benzamides was proven by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, while the stability of the newly formed ester bond was proven in a standardized leaching test. KW - Leaching KW - Wood Protection KW - Wood Modification PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-538932 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c04353 VL - 6 IS - 49 SP - 33542 EP - 33553 AN - OPUS4-53893 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -