TY - JOUR A1 - Rockel, Daniel A1 - Sanchez Olivares, G. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Improving the Flame Retardancy of Aluminium Trihydroxide in Thermoplastic Starch Biocomposites Using Waste Fibers and Silicon-Based Synergists N2 - The synergistic behavior of different silicon compounds is investigated in flame retardant biocomposites with aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) as the main flame retardant. The paper shows a new approach towards sustainable biocomposites through the implementation of thermoplastic starch (TPS), leather fibers from industrial waste streams, and non-hazardous flame retardants and synergists. In these multicomponent systems, the different components address different modes of action in the fire scenario. When ATH is partially substituted by glass frits or layered silicates, fire performance is enhanced without changing the total amount of filler in the polymer. In a biocomposite with 25 phr of fiber and 90 phr of ATH, substituting 5 phr of ATH for layered silicates increased the LOI from 31.5 vol % to 34.8 vol %, decreased the peak of heat release by 20%, and increased the UL 94 rating from V-1 to V-0. KW - Biocomposites KW - Sustainability KW - Waste streams KW - Flame retardancy KW - Synergism KW - Modes of action PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605711 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00053 SN - 2837-1445 VL - 1 IS - 6 SP - 1131 EP - 1145 PB - ACS AN - OPUS4-60571 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scales, B. S. A1 - Hasenrück, C. A1 - Moldaenke, L. A1 - Hassa, J. A1 - Rückert-Reed, C. A1 - Rummel, C. A1 - Völkner, C. A1 - Rynek, R. A1 - Busche, T. A1 - Kalinowski, J. A1 - Jahnke, A. A1 - Schmitt-Jansen, M. A1 - Wendt-Potthoff, K. A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja T1 - Hunting for pigments in bacterial settlers of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch N2 - The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a significant collection of plastic introduced by human activities, provides an ideal environment to study bacterial lifestyles on plastic substrates. We proposed that bacteria colonizing the floating plastic debris would develop strategies to deal with the ultravioletexposed substrate, such as the production of antioxidant pigments. We observed a variety of pigmentation in 67 strains that were directly cultivated from plastic pieces sampled from the Garbage Patch. The genomic analysis of four representative strains, each distinct in taxonomy, revealed multiple pathways for carotenoid production. These pathways include those that produce less common carotenoids and a cluster of photosynthetic genes. This cluster appears to originate from a potentially new species of the Rhodobacteraceae family. This represents the first report of an aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacterium from plastic biofilms. Spectral analysis showed that the bacteria actively produce carotenoids, such as betacarotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, and bacteriochlorophyll a. Furthermore, we discovered that the genetic ability to synthesize carotenoids is more common in plastic biofilms than in the surrounding water communities. Our findings suggest that plastic biofilms could be an overlooked source of bacteria-produced carotenoids, including rare forms. It also suggests that photoreactive molecules might play a crucial role in bacterial biofilm communities in surface water. KW - Microplastics KW - Biofilm KW - Pigment KW - Microorganisms PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605725 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16639 SN - 1462-2912 VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - e16639 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baláž, Matej A1 - Birinci, Mustafa A1 - Şentürk, Kader A1 - Achimovičová, Marcela A1 - Baláž, Peter A1 - Tampubolon, Imelda Octa A1 - Stolar, Tomislav A1 - Bienert, Ralf A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Erdemoğlu, Sema A1 - Sis, Hikmet A1 - Erdemoğlu, Murat T1 - Utilizing Taguchi method and in situ X-ray powder diffraction monitoring to determine the influence of mechanical activation conditions on the physico-chemical properties and Al leachability of K-feldspar N2 - K-feldspar represents an important natural resource of potassium and aluminum. Within the framework of this study, the K-feldspar was mechanically activated in a planetary ball mill under different conditions planned according to 43 Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design. As outputs, specific surface area (SBET), median particle size (d50), amorphization degree of mineral phases , and Al recovery were used. It was found that the initial d50 value of 293 μm could be reduced to 6.7 μm and the SBET value of 4.7 m2/g could be increased up to 32.5 m2/g upon milling. Both microcline KAl3SiO8, and albite NaAl3SiO8 could be almost completely amorphized, whereas quartz SiO2 still maintained some crystallinity even under the most intensive conditions. Increasing SBET and decreasing the d50 values did not lead to a significant improvement in Al leach recovery, whereas a clear relationship between the amorphization of microcline and the recovered aluminum was found. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that increasing ball-to-powder ratio is the most beneficial for the improvement in Al recovery. In situ powder X-ray diffraction monitoring performed in an oscillation ball mill under synchrotron irradiation has shown very rapid amorphization of microcline phase at the beginning. However, amorphization of microcline was only partial after two hours of the treatment in this mill, apart from almost complete process in the planetary ball mill. In the end, regressions for the calculation of Al recovery by knowing the values of input parameters were calculated. In general, by just using mechanical activation without the subsequent roasting process that is commonly used to boost metal recoveries, it was possible to quantitatively recover aluminum from K-feldspar. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Mechanical activation KW - Design of experiments PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611059 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.156 SN - 2238-7854 VL - 32 SP - 3886 EP - 3895 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-61105 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacurau, V. P. A1 - Moreira, P. A. F. P. A1 - Bertoli, G. A1 - Andreoli, A. F. A1 - Mazzer, E. A1 - de Assis, F. F. A1 - Gargarella, P. A1 - Koga, G. A1 - Stumpf, G. C. A1 - Figueroa, S. J. A. A1 - Widom, M. A1 - Kaufman, M. A1 - Fantin, Andrea A1 - Cao, Y. A1 - Freitas, R. A1 - Miracle, D. A1 - Coury, F. G. T1 - Comprehensive analysis of ordering in CoCrNi and CrNi2 alloys N2 - Chemical Short-Range Order (CSRO) has attracted recent attention from many researchers, creating intense debates about its impact on material properties. The challenges lie in confirming and quantifying CSRO, as its detection proves exceptionally demanding, contributing to conflicting data in the literature regarding its true effects on mechanical properties. Our work uses highprecision calorimetric data to unambiguously prove the existence and, coupled with atomistic simulations, quantify the type of CSRO. This methodology allows us to propose a mechanism for its formation and destruction based on the heat evolution during thermal analysis and facilitates a precise identification of local ordering in CoCrNi alloys. Samples of CoCrNi (Co33Cr33Ni33) and CrNi2 (Cr33Ni66) alloys are fabricated in varying ordered states, extensively characterized via synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Samples with considerably different ordered states are submitted to tensile tests with in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. We demonstrate, despite inducing varied CSRO levels in CoCrNi, no significant alterations in overall mechanical behavior emerge. However, the CrNi2 alloy, which undergoes long-range ordering, experiences significant shifts in yield strength, ultimate tensile stress and ductility. KW - Mechanical properties KW - Short-range ordering KW - Calorimetry PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611075 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52018-w VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-61107 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chronakis, Michail Ioannis A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - von der Au, Marcus T1 - The evolution of data treatment tools in single-particle and single-cell ICP-MS analytics N2 - Single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) is one of the most powerful tools in the thriving field of nanomaterial analysis. Along the same lines, single-cell ICP-MS (sc-ICP-MS) has become an invaluable tool in the study of the variances of cell populations down to a per-cell basis. Their importance and application fields have been listed numerous times, across various reports and reviews. However, not enough attention has been paid to the immense and ongoing development of the tools that are currently available to the analytical community for the acquisition, and more importantly, the treatment of single-particle and single-cell-related data. Due to the ever-increasing demands of modern research, the efficient and dependable treatment of the data has become more important than ever. In addition, the field of single-particle and single-cell analysis suffers due to a large number of approaches for the generated data—with varying levels of specificity and applicability. As a result, finding the appropriate tool or approach, or even comparing results, can be challenging. This article will attempt to bridge these gaps, by covering the evolution and current state of the tools at the disposal of sp-ICP-MS users. Graphical Abstract KW - Trend Article KW - spICP-MS KW - Data Tools KW - scICP-MS PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-610539 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05513-4 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-61053 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mangarova, Dilyana Branimirova A1 - Reimann, Carolin A1 - Kaufmann, Jan Ole A1 - Möckel, Jana A1 - Kader, Avan A1 - Adams, Lisa Christine A1 - Ludwig, Antje A1 - Onthank, David A1 - Robinson, Simon A1 - Karst, Uwe A1 - Helmer, Rebecca A1 - Botnar, Rene A1 - Hamm, Bernd A1 - Makowski, Marcus Richard A1 - Brangsch, Julia T1 - Elastin-specific MR probe for visualization and evaluation of an interleukin-1β targeted therapy for atherosclerosis N2 - Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the arteries and represents the primary cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Despite ongoing progress, finding effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis remains a challenge. Here, we assessed the potential of molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the effects of 01BSUR, an anti-interleukin-1β monoclonal antibody, for treating atherosclerosis in a murine model. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were divided into a therapy group (01BSUR, 2 × 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously, n = 10) and control group (no treatment, n = 10) and received a high-fat diet for eight weeks. The plaque burden was assessed using an elastin-targeted gadolinium-based contrast probe (0.2 mmol/kg intravenously) on a 3 T MRI scanner. T1-weighted imaging showed a significantly lower contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratio in the 01BSUR group (pre: 3.93042664; post: 8.4007067) compared to the control group (pre: 3.70679168; post: 13.2982156) following administration of the elastin-specific MRI probe (p < 0.05). Histological examinations demonstrated a significant reduction in plaque size (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in plaque elastin content (p < 0.05) in the treatment group compared to control animals. This study demonstrated that 01BSUR hinders the progression of atherosclerosis in a mouse model. Using an elastin-targeted MRI probe, we could quantify these therapeutic effects in MRI. N2 - Atherosklerose ist eine chronische entzündliche Erkrankung der Arterien und die Hauptursache für verschiedene Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Trotz kontinuierlicher Fortschritte ist es nach wie vor schwierig, wirksame entzündungshemmende Therapiestrategien für Atherosklerose zu finden. In dieser Studie haben wir das Potenzial der molekularen Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) zur Visualisierung der Wirkung von 01BSUR, einem monoklonalen Anti-Interleukin-1β-Antikörper, zur Behandlung von Atherosklerose in einem Mausmodell untersucht. Männliche Apolipoprotein-E-defiziente Mäuse wurden in eine Therapiegruppe (01BSUR, 2 × 0,3 mg/kg subkutan, n = 10) und eine Kontrollgruppe (keine Behandlung, n = 10) aufgeteilt und erhielten acht Wochen lang eine fettreiche Diät. Die Plaquebelastung wurde mit einer auf Elastin ausgerichteten Kontrastmittelsonde auf Gadoliniumbasis (0,2 mmol/kg intravenös) auf einem 3-T-MRT-Scanner untersucht. Die T1-gewichtete Bildgebung zeigte ein signifikant niedrigeres Kontrast-Rausch-Verhältnis (CNR) in der 01BSUR-Gruppe (vorher: 3,93042664; nachher: 8,4007067) im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (vorher: 3,70679168; nachher: 13,2982156) nach Verabreichung der Elastin-spezifischen MRT-Sonde (p < 0,05). Histologische Untersuchungen zeigten eine signifikante Verringerung der Plaque-Größe (p < 0,05) und eine signifikante Abnahme des Plaque-Elastin-Gehalts (p < 0,05) in der Behandlungsgruppe im Vergleich zu den Kontrolltieren. Diese Studie zeigte, dass 01BSUR das Fortschreiten der Atherosklerose in einem Mausmodell hemmt. Mit einer auf Elastin ausgerichteten MRT-Sonde konnten wir diese therapeutischen Effekte in der MRT quantifizieren. KW - Atherosclerosis KW - Molecular imaging KW - Elastin KW - Plaque KW - Interleukin-1beta PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-610858 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71716-5 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-61085 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sunder, S. A1 - Jauregui Rozo, Maria A1 - Inasu, S. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Ruckdäschel, H. T1 - Investigating the changing dynamics of processing, temperature-based mechanics, and flame retardancy in the transfer of ammonium polyphosphate/inorganic silicate flame retardants from epoxy resins to glass fiber composites N2 - Although numerous investigations study the improvement of flame retardancy of epoxy resins using additives, maintaining the flame retardant (FRs) modes of action present in the resins upon transfer to composites is challenging. In this study, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and inorganic silicate (InSi) are loaded at 10%, 30%, and 50% by weight, in a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin cured with dicyandiamide and transferred to bidirectional (BD) glass fiber (GF) composites. Although a 50% loading of the FRs impacts the curing kinetics of the resin system, the effect on the glass transition temperature of the resin system remains negligible compared to reactive FRs in the state of the art integrated into the resin's chemical structure. Increasing the FR content improved the heat release characteristics in both the resins and composites. However, the charring mode of action is completely suppressed in the formulation with 10% APP + InSi. A 30% concentration of the FRs restored the charring action in the composite and the GFs provide increased protective layer action upon transfer to the composites. This study highlights the importance of accounting for the changing dynamics related to processing and flame retardancy upon transferring FRs from resins to composites. KW - Composites KW - Flame retardance KW - Resins KW - Synthesis and processing techniques PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-610484 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.55988 SN - 1097-4628 VL - 141 IS - 39 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Wiley CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-61048 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golian, M. J. A1 - Friedman, D. A. A1 - Harrison, M. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Buellesbach, J. T1 - Chemical and transcriptomic diversity do not correlate with ascending levels of social complexity in the insect order Blattodea N2 - AbstractEusocial insects, such as ants and termites, are characterized by high levels of coordinated social organization. This is contrasted by solitary insects that display more limited forms of collective behavior. It has been hypothesized that this gradient in sociobehavioral sophistication is positively correlated with chemical profile complexity, due to a potentially increased demand for diversity in chemical communication mechanisms in insects with higher levels of social complexity. However, this claim has rarely been assessed empirically. Here, we compare different levels of chemical and transcriptomic complexity in selected species of the order Blattodea that represent different levels of social organization, from solitary to eusocial. We primarily focus on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) complexity, since it has repeatedly been demonstrated that CHCs are key signaling molecules conveying a wide variety of chemical information in solitary as well as eusocial insects. We assessed CHC complexity and divergence between our studied taxa of different social complexity levels as well as the differentiation of their respective repertoires of CHC biosynthesis gene transcripts. Surprisingly, we did not find any consistent pattern of chemical complexity correlating with social complexity, nor did the overall chemical divergence or transcriptomic repertoire of CHC biosynthesis genes reflect on the levels of social organization. Our results challenge the assumption that increasing social complexity is generally reflected in more complex chemical profiles and point toward the need for a more cautious and differentiated view on correlating complexity on a chemical, genetic, and social level. KW - Chemical ecology KW - Ecological genetics KW - Entomology KW - Evolutionary ecology PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608260 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70063 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 14 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-60826 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hellemans, S. A1 - Rocha, M. M. A1 - Wang, M. A1 - Romero Arias, J. A1 - Aanen, D. K. A1 - Bagnères, A.-G. A1 - Buček, A. A1 - Carrijo, T. F. A1 - Chouvenc, T. A1 - Cuezzo, C. A1 - Constantini, J. P. A1 - Constantino, R. A1 - Dedeine, F. A1 - Deligne, J. A1 - Eggleton, P. A1 - Evans, T. A. A1 - Hanus, R. A1 - Harrison, Mark C. A1 - Harry, M. A1 - Josens, G. A1 - Jouault, C. A1 - Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M. A1 - Kaymak, E. A1 - Korb, J. A1 - Lee, C.-Y. A1 - Legendre, F. A1 - Li, H.-F. A1 - Lo, N. A1 - Lu, T. A1 - Matsuura, K. A1 - Maekawa, K. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Mizumoto, N. A1 - Oliveira, D. E. A1 - Poulsen, M. A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D. A1 - Su, N.-Y. A1 - Tokuda, G. A1 - Vargo, E. L. A1 - Ware, J. L. A1 - Šobotník, J. A1 - Scheffrahn, R. H. A1 - Cancello, E. A1 - Roisin, Y. A1 - Engel, M. S. A1 - Bourguignon, T. T1 - Genomic data provide insights into the classification of extant termites N2 - The higher classification of termites requires substantial revision as the Neoisoptera, the most diverse termite lineage, comprise many paraphyletic and polyphyletic higher taxa. Here, we produce an updated termite classification using genomic-scale analyses. We reconstruct phylogenies under diverse substitution models with ultraconserved elements analyzed as concatenated matrices or within the multi-species coalescence framework. Our classification is further supported by analyses controlling for rogue loci and taxa, and topological tests. We show that the Neoisoptera are composed of seven family-level monophyletic lineages, including the Heterotermitidae Froggatt, Psammotermitidae Holmgren, and Termitogetonidae Holmgren, raised from subfamilial rank. The species-rich Termitidae are composed of 18 subfamily-level monophyletic lineages, including the new subfamilies Crepititermitinae, Cylindrotermitinae, Forficulitermitinae, Neocapritermitinae, Protohamitermitinae, and Promirotermitinae; and the revived Amitermitinae Kemner, Microcerotermitinae Holmgren, and Mirocapritermitinae Kemner. Building an updated taxonomic classification on the foundation of unambiguously supported monophyletic lineages makes it highly resilient to potential destabilization caused by the future availability of novel phylogenetic markers and methods. The taxonomic stability is further guaranteed by the modularity of the new termite classification, designed to accommodate as-yet undescribed species with uncertain affinities to the herein delimited monophyletic lineages in the form of new families or subfamilies. KW - Termite KW - Taxonomy KW - Evolution PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608276 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51028-y VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-60827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - El Moutaouakil, H. A1 - Fuchs, C. A1 - Savli, E. A1 - Heimann, Jan A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Moll, J. A1 - Tschöke, K. A1 - Márquez Reyes, O. A1 - Schackmann, O. A1 - Memmolo, V. A1 - Schneider, T. T1 - Acquiring a Machine Learning Data Set for Structural Health Monitoring of Hydrogen Pressure Vessels at Operating Conditions using Guided Ultrasonic Waves N2 - Hydrogen is an energy source of increasing importance. As hydrogen is very reactive to air and needs to be stored under high pressure, it is crucial to provide safe transportation and storage. Therefore, structural health monitoring, based on guided ultrasonic waves and machine learning methods, is used for Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs) containing hydrogen. To acquire data that allows robust detection of COPV defects, there are two main process parameters to consider. These are the pressurization of the vessel and the temperature conditions at the vessel. This paper will focus on the derivation of a design of experiment (DoE) from the needs of various validation scenarios (e.g. concerning pressure, temperature or excitation frequency). Practical limitations must be considered as well. We designed experiments with multiple reversible damages at different positions. A network of 25 transducers, structured as five rings with five sensors in one line, is installed on a vessel. Guided ultrasonic waves are used via the pitch-catch procedure, which means that the transducers act pairwise as transmitter and receiver in order to measure all transmitterreceiver combinations. This leads to 600 signal paths, recorded by a Verasonics Vantage 64 LF data acquisition system. Finally, the influences of temperature and pressure within the acquired data set are going to be visualized. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel KW - Hydrogen KW - Guided Ultrasonic Waves KW - Data Acquisition KW - Pressurization KW - Machine Learning PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607472 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29754 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-60747 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -