TY - JOUR A1 - Ressnig, A. A1 - Corbiere, T. A1 - Lunkenbein, T. A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Willinger, M. G. A1 - Antonietti, M. T1 - Decomposition synthesis of tuneable, macroporous carbon foams from crystalline precursors via in situ templating N2 - A flexible, sustainable, one-step thermal decomposition route for the synthesis of hierarchical, heteroatom doped carbon foams is presented. Task-specific semi-organic crystals combine functions for three different purposes: the carbon and heteroatom source, a foaming agent (CO2) and an in situ generable template (NaCl). Insights to the decomposition pathway were gained through FTIR/MS coupled TGA and an ultrafast out-of-furnace heating procedure and the products were analysed with (HR)SEM/TEM, EELS, FTIR, and N2 sorption. The resulting macroporous carbon foams are excellent supports for metallic nanoparticles due to their hierarchical structure, high surface area and tuneable heteroatom contents. This was demonstrated for catalytically active copper or the magnetic CoNi alloy for water purification. KW - macroporous carbon KW - thermal decomposition KW - synthesize heteroatom KW - in situ template (NaCl) PY - 2014 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-318641 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta03646h SN - 2050-7496 SN - 2050-7488 VL - 2 IS - 42 SP - 18076 EP - 18081 PB - RSC CY - London [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-31864 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Baumann, O. A1 - Modersohn, W. A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Influence of the post-weld surface treatment on the corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel 1.4062 N2 - The duplex stainless steel 1.4062 (X2CrNiN22-2) is used as alternative material to austenitic stainless steels in the construction industry. The corrosion resistance of welded seams is influenced by the base material, the weld filler material, the welding process and also by the final surface treatment. The scale layer next to the weld seam can be removed by grinding, pickling, electro-polished or blasting depending on the application and the requested corrosion resistance. Blasted surfaces are often used in industrial practice due to the easier and cheaper manufacturing process compared to pickled or electro-polished surfaces. Furthermore blasting with corundum-grain is more effective than blasting with glass-beads which also lower the process costs. In recent years, stainless steel surfaces showed an unusually high susceptibility to pitting corrosion after grinding with corundum. For this reason, it is now also questioned critically whether the corrosion resistance is influenced by the applied blasting agent. This question was specifically investigated by comparing grinded, pickled, corundum-grain- and glass-bead-blasted welding seams. Results of the SEM analyses of the blasting agents and the blasted surfaces will be presented and correlated with the different performed corrosion tests (potential measurement, KorroPad-test and pitting potential) on welding seams with different surface treatments. T2 - 19th Chemnitz Seminar on Materials Engineering – 19. Werkstofftechnisches Kolloquium CY - Chemnitz, Germany DA - 16.03.2017 KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Welding KW - Duplex stainless steels KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Surface treatment PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-395374 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/181/1/012019 SN - 1757-899X SN - 1757-8981 VL - 181 IS - Conference 1 SP - Article UNSP 012019, 1 EP - 9 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol, UK AN - OPUS4-39537 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ecker, Melanie A1 - Pretsch, Thorsten T1 - Novel design approaches for multifunctional information carriers N2 - Two design approaches for multifunctional information carriers are introduced. In the first one, quick response (QR) code carriers, which were composed of poly(ester urethane) (PEU) and microencapsulated thermochromic pigments (T-PIGs), differing in color and color switching temperature (CST), were prepared. The obtained material systems exhibited machine-readable QR codes at 23 °C and a two-stage decolorization when heated, culminating in unreadable QR codes at temperatures above the highest CST of the employed T-PIGs. In the second scenario, information carriers were sealed with a dark, thermochromic PEU layer. As a result, the QR codes were hidden at 23 °C and became readable upon heating due to color fading. Beyond the characterization of the employed components, preparation methods, functionality analyses and durability investigations are reported. When heated after thermo-mechanical programming, pronounced shape memory properties could be verified. The thermo-responsiveness of such multifunctional material systems may qualify them for usage in anti-counterfeiting applications. KW - Poly(ester urethane) KW - Shape memory polymer KW - Thermo-responsiveness KW - Information carrier KW - QR code carrier KW - Thermochromic properties KW - Microencapsulated thermochromic pigments KW - Anti-counterfeiting KW - Smart label KW - Difficult-to-copy KW - Durability KW - Multifuncitonal material systems PY - 2014 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-315176 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08977d SN - 2046-2069 VL - 4 IS - 87 SP - 46680 EP - 46688 PB - RSC Publishing CY - London AN - OPUS4-31517 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buckle, T. A1 - van der Wal, S. A1 - van Malderen, S. A1 - Müller, Larissa A1 - Kuil, J. A1 - van Unen, V. A1 - Peters, R. A1 - van Bemmel, M. A1 - McDonnell, L. A1 - Velders, A. A1 - Koning, F. A1 - Vanhaeke, F. A1 - van Leeuwen, F. T1 - Hybrid imaging labels: providing the link between mass spectrometry-based molecular pathology and theranostics N2 - Development of theranostic concepts that include inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) imaging can be hindered by the lack of a direct comparison to more standardly used methods for in vitro and in vivo evaluation; e.g. fluorescence or nuclear medicine. In this study a bimodal (or rather, hybrid) tracer that contains both a fluorescent dye and a chelate was used to evaluate the existence of a direct link between mass spectrometry (MS) and in vitro and in vivo molecular imaging findings using fluorescence and radioisotopes. At the same time, the hybrid label was used to determine whether the use of a single isotope label would allow for MS-based diagnostics. KW - Imaging KW - Laser Ablation ICP-MS KW - Diagnostics PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-396813 DO - https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.17484 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 624 EP - 633 PB - IvySpring AN - OPUS4-39681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unnikrishnakurup, Sreedhar A1 - Myrach, Philipp A1 - Polomski, Benjamin A1 - Le Claire, Elisabeth A1 - Vengara, N. A1 - Balasubramaniam, Krishnan A1 - Ziegler, Mathias T1 - Thermographic crack detection in hot steel surfaces N2 - The detection and characterization of surface cracks in steel specimens prior to damage is a technologically and economically highly significant task and is of utmost importance when it comes to safety-relevant structures. In steel production where steel billets at high temperatures have to be inspected while moving a number of well-established NDT methods cannot be applied. Laser thermography however is a promising candidate to serve as a fast, non-contact and remote tool in this case. We present a study that shows that the crack detection capabilities of laser thermography can be extended also to specimens at high temperature. A combination of inductive and laser heating allows to systematically study the contrast formation as well as the optimization of the important measurement parameters. The experiments are accompanied by FEM simulations that provide a better insight of the physical correlations and support the experimental developments. The aim of these studies is to develop a system with high inspection speed and detection performance to be in-line operated under the hostile environment of steel production lines. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (WCNDT 2016) CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - In-line Monitoring KW - Laser Infrared thermography KW - Cracks KW - Induction heating KW - Steel billets KW - FEM simulation PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-389161 UR - http://ndt.net/?id=19573 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 21 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-38916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuroiwa, T. A1 - Zhu, Y. A1 - Inagaki, K. A1 - Long, S. A1 - Christopher, S. A1 - Puelles, M. A1 - Porinsky, M. A1 - Hatamleh, N. A1 - Murby, J. A1 - Merrick, J. A1 - White, I. A1 - Saxby, D. A1 - Caciano de Sena, R. A1 - Dominguez de Almeida, M. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Phukphatthanachai, Pranee A1 - Fung, W.-H. A1 - Yau, H.-P. A1 - Okumu, T. O. A1 - Kang'iri, J. N. A1 - Tellez, J. A. S. A1 - Campos, E. Z. A1 - Galvan, E. C. A1 - Kaewkhomdee, N. A1 - Taebunpakul, S. A1 - Thiengmanee, U. A1 - Yafa, C. A1 - Tokman, N. A1 - Tunc, M. A1 - Can, S. Z. T1 - Report of the CCQM-K123: trace elements in biodiesel fuel N2 - The CCQM-K123 key comparison was organized by the Inorganic Analysis Working Group (IAWG) of CCQM to assess and document the capabilities of the national metrology institutes (NMIs) or the designated institutes (DIs) to measure the mass fractions of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium phosphorous and sulfur in biodiesel fuel (BDF). The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) acted as the coordinating laboratories. Results were submitted by 11 NMIs and DIs. The participants used different measurement methods, though most of them used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), isotope dilution technique with ICP-MS and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with microwave acid digestion. The material was quite challenging and a number of questions were raised at the IAWG meeting. Concerning S, the variation in S results between participants, particularly those using IDMS methods was discussed at the IAWG meeting. BAM, NIST and NMIJ reviewed their experimental conditions, results and/or uncertainty calculations for IDMS. According to the additional evaluation and investigation, the variances between the revised results became smaller than the original one, the revised results were overlapping between IDMS measurements of S content at the k=2 level. It is not possible to calculate a KCRV with values being modified after submission. It was concluded that this KC does not support S measurements. Accounting for relative expanded uncertainty, comparability of measurement results for each of Na, Ca, K, Mg and P was successfully demonstrated by the participating NMIs or DIs. It is expected that sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus at mass fractions greater than approximately 0.1 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg respectively in biodiesel fuel and similar matrices (fuels and oils etc.) can be determined by each participant using the same technique(s) employed for this key comparison to achieve similar uncertainties mentioned in the present report. Furthermore, the results of this key comparison can be utilized along with the IAWG core capability approach. KW - Biodiesel KW - Fuel KW - Sulphur KW - Reference measurement PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-393941 UR - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/54/1A/08008/meta DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/54/1A/08008 SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 54 SP - Tech. Suppl. 2017, 08008, 1 EP - 47 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol, UK AN - OPUS4-39394 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hsiao, I.-L. A1 - Bierkandt, Frank A1 - Reichardt, Ph. A1 - Luch, A. A1 - Huang, Y.-J. A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Tentschert, J. A1 - Haase, A. T1 - Quantification and visualization of cellular uptake of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles: comparison of different ICP-MS techniques N2 - Safety assessment of nanoparticles (NPs) requires techniques that are suitable to quantify tissue and cellular uptake of NPs. The most commonly applied techniques for this purpose are based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Here we apply and compare three different ICP-MS methods to investigate the cellular uptake of TiO2 (diameter 7 or 20 nm, respectively) and Ag (diameter 50 or 75 nm, respectively) NPs into differentiated mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a cells). Cells were incubated with different amounts of the NPs. Thereafter they were either directly analyzed by laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) or were lysed and lysates were analyzed by ICP-MS and by single particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS). KW - Nanoparticles KW - Single particle ICP-MS KW - Laser ablation ICP-MS KW - Cellular internalization KW - Neurons PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-371620 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-016-0203-z SN - 1477-3155 VL - 14 SP - Article 50 AN - OPUS4-37162 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asadujjaman, Asad A1 - Kent, B. A1 - Bertin, Annabelle T1 - Phase transition and aggregation behaviour of an UCST-type copolymer poly(acrylamide-coacrylonitrile) in water: effect of acrylonitrile content, concentration in solution, copolymer chain length and presence of electrolyte N2 - An UCST-type copolymer of acrylamide (AAm) and acrylonitrile (AN) (poly(AAm-co-AN)) was prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and its temperature-induced phase transition and aggregation behaviour studied by turbidimetry, static and dynamic light scattering, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) measurements. The phase transition temperature was found to increase with increasing AN content in the copolymer, concentration of the solutions and copolymer chain length. A significant effect was observed onto the phase transition temperature by addition of different electrolytes into the copolymer solution. The copolymer chains were aggregated below the phase transition temperature and disaggregated above it. The size of the aggregates increases with increasing AN contents and concentration of the copolymer solutions below the phase transition temperature. The copolymer chains were expanded and weekly associated in solution above the phase transition temperature. A model is proposed to explain such association–aggregation behaviour of poly(AAm-co-AN) copolymers depending on AN contents and concentration of the copolymer solutions as a function of temperature. KW - Thermoresponsive polymers KW - UCST-type copolymer PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-394636 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sm02262f SN - 1744-683X SN - 1744-6848 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 658 EP - 669 PB - RSC AN - OPUS4-39463 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weller, Michael G. T1 - Referee Report 06 March 2017 N2 - This article is a valuable and welcome contribution to the ongoing discussion of antibody quality. The suggestion of a two-tier approach is helpful to distinguish between simple descriptive data and the validation of an antibody for a specified application. KW - Antibody KW - Validation PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-393333 UR - https://f1000research.com/articles/6-161/v1#referee-response-20349 DO - https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.11700.r20349 SN - 2046-1402 SP - 6 EP - 7 PB - F1000 Research Ltd. CY - London AN - OPUS4-39333 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Heyn, A. T1 - Dynamic tafel factor adaption for the evaluation of instantaneous corrosion rates on zinc by using gel-type electrolytes N2 - The paper presents a new method for the determination and evaluation of tafel factors using gel-type electrolytes and electrochemical frequency modulation technique (EFM). This relatively new electrochemical method offers the possibility to determine both polarization resistances and tafel factors within one measurement and in short measuring intervals. Starting from a comprehensive parameter study it is shown that a direct relationship between the two values exists that can be described mathematically. This contribution presents the determined tafel factors for the system gel-type electrolyte/zinc and discusses their applicability and their limits. T2 - 19th Chemnitz Seminar on Materials Engineering – 19. Werkstofftechnisches Kolloquium CY - Chemnitz, Germany DA - 16.03.2017 KW - Gel-type electrolytes KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Zinc KW - Zink KW - Stern Geary constant KW - Stern-Geary-Konstante PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-394324 UR - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/181/1/012021/pdf DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/181/1/012021 SN - 1757-899X SN - 1757-8981 VL - 181 IS - Conference 1 SP - Article UNSP 012021, 1 EP - 11 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol, UK AN - OPUS4-39432 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -