TY - JOUR A1 - Marklein, B. A1 - Jenning, M. A1 - Konthur, Zoltán A1 - Häupl, T. A1 - Welzel, F. A1 - Nonhoff, U. A1 - Krobitsch, S. A1 - Mulder, D. M. A1 - Koenders, M. I. A1 - Joshua, V. A1 - Cope, A. P. A1 - Shlomchik, M. J. A1 - Anders, H.-J. A1 - Burmester, G. R. A1 - Hensvold, A. A1 - Catrina, A. I. A1 - Rönnelid, J. A1 - Steiner, G. A1 - Skriner, K. T1 - The citrullinated/native index of autoantibodies against hnRNP-DL predicts an individual "window of treatment success" in RA patients N2 - Background: There is a need for biomarker to identify patients “at risk” for rheumatoid arthritis (risk-RA) and to better predict the therapeutic response and in this study we tested the hypothesis that novel native and citrullinated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-DL autoantibodies could be possible biomarkers. Methods: Using protein macroarray and ELISA, epitope recognition against hnRNP-DL was analysed in sera from different developed RA disease and diagnosed SLE patients. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9 and myeloid Differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependency were studied in sera from murine disease models. HnRNP-DL expression in cultivated cells and synovial tissue was analysed by indirect immunofluorescence, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. KW - Citrullinated KW - Rheumatoid arthritis KW - Protein-modification KW - Autoantibodies KW - Antigens PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-533682 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02603-x SN - 1478-6362 VL - 23 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - BioMed Central CY - London AN - OPUS4-53368 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haeckel, A. A1 - Ascher, Lena A1 - Beindorff, N. A1 - Prasad, S. A1 - Garczynska, K. A1 - Guo, J. A1 - Schellenberger, E. T1 - Long‑circulating XTEN864‑annexin A5 fusion protein for phosphatidylserine‑related therapeutic applications N2 - Annexin A5 (anxA5) is a marker for apoptosis, but has also therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and, due to apoptotic mimicry, against dangerous viruses, which is limited by the short blood circulation. An 864-amino-acid XTEN polypeptide was fused to anxA5. XTEN864-anxA5 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using XTEN as tag. XTEN864-anxA5 was coupled with DTPA and indium-111. After intravenous or subcutaneous injection of 111In-XTEN864-anxA5, mouse blood samples were collected for blood half-life determination and organ samples for biodistribution using a gamma counter. XTEN864-anxA5 was labeled with 6S-IDCC to confirm binding to apoptotic cells using flow cytometry. To demonstrate targeting of atherosclerotic plaques, XTEN864-anxA5 was labeled with MeCAT(Ho) and administered intravenously to atherosclerotic ApoE−/−mice. MeCAT(Ho)-XTEN864-anxA5 was detected together with MeCAT(Tm)-MAC-2 macrophage antibodies by imaging mass cytometry (CyTOF) of aortic root sections. The ability of anxA5 to bind apoptotic cells was not affected by XTEN864. The blood half-life of XTEN864-anxA5 was 13 h in mice after IV injection, markedly longer than the 7-min half-life of anxA5. 96 h after injection, highest amounts of XTEN864-anxA5 were found in liver, spleen, and kidney. XTEN864-anxA5 was found to target the adventitia adjacent to atherosclerotic plaques. XTEN864-anxA5 is a long-circulating fusion protein that can be efficiently produced in E. coli and potentially circulates in humans for several days, making it a promising therapeutic drug. KW - Programmed cell death KW - LA/ICP-MS Imaging KW - Medicinal application PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-533811 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-021-01686-w VL - 26 IS - 9-10 SP - 534 EP - 547 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-53381 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dariz, P. A1 - Schmid, Thomas T1 - Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing N2 - Only a few scientific evidences for the use of Egyptian blue in Early Medieval wall paintings in Central and Southern Europe have been reported so far. The monochrome blue fragment discussed here belongs to the second church building of St. Peter above Gratsch (South Tyrol, Northern Italy, fifth/ sixth century A.D.). Beyond cuprorivaite and carbon black (underpainting), 26 accessory minerals down to trace levels were detected by means of Raman microspectroscopy, providing unprecedented insights into the raw materials blend and conversion reactions during preparation, application, and ageing of the pigment. In conjunction with archaeological evidences for the manufacture of Egyptian blue in Cumae and Liternum and the concordant statements of the antique Roman writers Vitruvius and Pliny the Elder, natural impurities of the quartz sand speak for a pigment produced at the northern Phlegrean Fields (Campania, Southern Italy). Chalcocite (and chalcopyrite) suggest the use of a sulphidic copper ore, and water-insoluble salts a mixed-alkaline flux in the form of plant ash. Not fully reacted quartz crystals partly intergrown with cuprorivaite and only minimal traces of silicate glass portend solid-state reactions predominating the chemical reactions during synthesis, while the melting of the raw materials into glass most likely played a negligible role. KW - Egyptian blue KW - Raman microspectroscopy KW - Spectoscopic imaging KW - Cuprorivaite KW - Amorphous carbon PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-537591 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90759-6 VL - 11 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Nature Portfolio AN - OPUS4-53759 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Thomas A1 - Kraft, Ronja A1 - Dariz, P. T1 - Shedding light onto the spectra of lime - Part 2: Raman spectra of Ca and Mg carbonates and the role of d-block element luminescence N2 - We previously described the observation of a characteristic narrowband red luminescence emission of burnt lime (CaO), whose reason was unknown so far. This study presents Raman spectra of Mg5 CO3)4(OH)2∙4H2O, Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2, MgCO3, CaMgCO3 and CaCO3 (in limestone powder) as well as luminescence spectra of their calcination products. Comparison of the latter revealed MgO:Cr3+ as the source of the red lime luminescence in all studied samples, containing magnesium oxide as major component, minor component or trace. Spectral characteristics and theoretical background of the luminescence emission of d-block elements integrated in crystal lattices are discussed with the aim of sharpening the awareness for this effect in the Raman community and promoting its application in materials analysis. The latter is demonstrated by the Raman microspectroscopic imaging of the distributions of both Raman-active and Raman-inactive phases in clinker remnants in a 19th-century meso Portland cement mortar sample, which contain relatively high amounts of free lime detected in the form of both luminescing CaO and Raman-scattering Ca(OH)2, owing to exposure of the surface of the thin section to humid air. A combination of light and Raman spectroscopy revealed a calcium–magnesium–iron sulphide phase, indicating sulphurous raw materials and/or solid fuels employed in the calcination process, which in contrast to previously described morphologies of sulphides in cement clinker form extensive greenish black layers on free lime crystals. KW - Calcium carbonates KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Luminescence KW - Magnesium carbonates KW - Meso Portland cement PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-537611 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6174 SN - 0377-0486 VL - 52 IS - 8 SP - 1462 EP - 1472 PB - Wiley Analytical Science AN - OPUS4-53761 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Thomas A1 - Hidde, Julia A1 - Grünier, Sophie A1 - Jungnickel, Robert A1 - Dariz, P. A1 - Riedel, Jens A1 - Neuhaus, B. T1 - Ageing effects in mountig media of microscope slide samples from natural history collections: A case study with Canada balsam and Permount™ N2 - Microscope slide collections represent extremely valuable depositories of research material in a natural history, forensic, veterinary, and medical context. Unfortunately, most mounting media of these slides deteriorate over time, with the reason for this not yet understood at all. In this study, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and different types of light microscopy were used to investigate the ageing behaviour of naturally aged slides from museum collections and the experimentally aged media of Canada balsam and Permount™, representing a natural and a synthetic resin, respectively, with both being based on mixtures of various terpenes. Whereas Canada balsam clearly revealed chemical ageing processes, visible as increasing colouration, Permount™ showed physical deterioration recognisable by the increasing number of cracks, which even often impacted a mounted specimen. Noticeable changes to the chemical and physical properties of these mounting media take decades in the case of Canada balsam but just a few years in the case of Permount™. Our results question whether or not Canada balsam should really be regarded as a mounting medium that lasts for centuries, if its increasing degree of polymerisation can lead to a mount which is no longer restorable. KW - Deterioration KW - Microscope slides KW - Mounting media KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - UV–Vis spectroscopy PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-537632 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132112 VL - 13 IS - 13 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-53763 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Heyn, L. A1 - Jung, Christian T1 - Indoor exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A comparison of stir bar sorptive extraction and pump sampling N2 - Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was compared with standardized pump sampling regarding the prospects to assess airborne levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor environments. A historic railway water tower, which will be preserved as a technical monument for museum purposes, was sampled with both approaches because the built-in insulationmaterial was suspected to release PAHs to the indoor air. The 16 PAHs on the US EPA list were quantified using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in filters from pump sampling after solvent extraction and on SBSE devices after thermal desorption. SBSEwas seen to sample detectable PAHmasseswith excellent repeatability and a congener pattern largely similar to that observed with pump sampling. Congener patterns were however significantly different from that in the PAH source because release from the insulation material is largely triggered by the respective congener vapor pressures. Absolute masses in the ng range sampled by SBSE corresponded to airborne concentrations in the ng L−1 range determined by pump sampling. Principle differences between SBSE and pump sampling as well as prospects of SBSE as cost-effective and versatile complement of pump sampling are discussed. KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Adsorption KW - Extraction KW - Indoor air PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-537427 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12419 VL - 3 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. AN - OPUS4-53742 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ecke, Alexander A1 - Westphalen, Tanja A1 - Hornung, J. A1 - Voetz, M. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - A rapid magnetic bead-based immunoassay for sensitive determination of diclofenac N2 - Increasing contamination of environmental waters with pharmaceuticals represents an emerging threat for the drinking water quality and safety. In this regard, fast and reliable analytical methods are required to allow quick countermeasures in case of contamination. Here, we report the development of a magnetic bead-based immunoassay (MBBA) for the fast and cost-effective determination of the analgesic diclofenac (DCF) in water samples, based on diclofenac-coupled magnetic beads and a robust monoclonal anti-DCF antibody. A novel synthetic strategy for preparation of the beads resulted in an assay that enabled for the determination of diclofenac with a significantly lower limit of detection (400 ng/L) than the respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With shorter incubation times and only one manual washing step required, the assay demands for remarkably shorter time to result (< 45 min) and less equipment than ELISA. Evaluation of assay precision and accuracy with a series of spiked water samples yielded results with low to moderate intra- and inter-assay variations and in good agreement with LC–MS/MS reference analysis. The assay principle can be transferred to other, e.g., microfluidic, formats, as well as applied to other analytes and may replace ELISA as the standard immunochemical method. KW - Immunoassay KW - Magnetic beads KW - Diclofenac KW - Water analysis KW - LC-MS/MS PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-542346 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03778-7 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 414 SP - 1563 EP - 1573 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-54234 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dariz, P. A1 - Wortmann, U. G. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Schmid, Thomas T1 - Beautiful Pietàs in South Tyrol (Northern Italy): local or imported works of art? N2 - The study, dedicated to Beautiful Pietàs conserved in South Tyrol (Northern Italy), aims to establish, for the first time, a connection between Austroalpine raw materials and the high-fired gypsum mortars constituting the Gothic figure groups in question. The origin and chronology of this stylistically and qualitatively differing ensemble have been subject of art historical debate for nearly a century. The discourse is dominated by three main hypotheses: itinerary of an Austrian artist versus itinerary of the work of art created in an artist’s workshop in Austria versus itinerary of the stylistic vocabulary via graphical or three-dimensional models. The comparison of the δ34S values and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the gypsum mortars and Austroalpine sulphate deposits (in a compilation of own reference samples and literature data) points to the exploitation of sediments in the Salzkammergut and possibly also in the evaporite district of the Eastern Calcareous Alps, thus evidencing the import of the sculptures and not the activities of local South Tyrolean or itinerant artists. Two geochronological units are distinguishable: The Pietà in the Church St. Martin in Göflan can be assigned to Upper Permian raw material, whereas the metrologically consistent sculptures in the Church of Our Lady of the Benedictine Abbey Marienberg and in the Chapel St. Ann in Mölten correlate with deposits of the Early Triassic (or the Lower-Middle Triassic transition). The medieval gypsum mortars also differ in their mineralogical characteristics, i.e. in their geologically related minor components, as in the first case, characterised by a significant proportion of primary anhydrite, natural carbonate impurities mainly consist of calcite (partly converted to lime-lump-like aggregates), whereas in the second group dolomite (or rather its hydration products after pyrometamorphic decomposition) predominates, accompanied by celestine, quartz and potassium feldspar. The Pietà in the Cathedral Maria Himmelfahrt in Bozen turned out to be made of Breitenbrunn calcareous sandstone (Leitha Mountains, Burgenland, Austria), which is why the sample is not considered in the geochemical analysis. KW - High-fired gypsum mortar KW - Sulphur isotope KW - Strontium isotope KW - Polarised light microscopy KW - Raman microspectroscopy PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545610 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00678-6 SN - 2050-7445 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-54561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kang, Y. A1 - Nack, L. M. A1 - Liu, Y. A1 - Qi, B. A1 - Huang, Y. A1 - Liu, Z. A1 - Chakraborty, I. A1 - Schulz, F. A1 - Ahmed, A. A. A. A1 - Poveda, M. C. A1 - Hafizi, F. A1 - Roy, S. A1 - Mutas, M. A1 - Holzapfel, M. A1 - Sanchez-Cano, C. A1 - Wegner, Karl David A1 - Feliu, N. A1 - Parak, W. J. T1 - Quantitative considerations about the size dependence of cellular entry and excretion of colloidal nanoparticles for different cell types N2 - Most studies about the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with cells have focused on how the physicochemical properties of NPs will influence their uptake by cells. However, much less is known about their potential excretion from cells. However, to control and manipulate the number of NPs in a cell, both cellular uptake and excretion must be studied quantitatively. Monitoring the intracellular and extracellular amount of NPs over time (after residual noninternalized NPs have been removed) enables one to disentangle the influences of cell proliferation and exocytosis, the major pathways for the reduction of NPs per cell. Proliferation depends on the type of cells, while exocytosis depends in addition on properties of the NPs, such as their size. Examples are given herein on the role of these two different processes for different cells and NPs. KW - Cell proliferation KW - Exocytosis KW - Gold nanoparticles KW - Quantum dots KW - Fluorescence KW - Uptake studies PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543476 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-021-00159-6 SN - 2199-3793 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-54347 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prohaska, T. A1 - Irrgeher, J. A1 - Benefield, J. A1 - Böhlke, J. K. A1 - Chesson, L. A. A1 - Coplen, T. B. A1 - Ding, T. A1 - Dunn, P. J. H. A1 - Gröning, M. A1 - Holden, N. E. A1 - Meijer, H. A. J. A1 - Moossen, H. A1 - Possolo, A. A1 - Takahashi, Y. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Walczyk, T. A1 - Wang, J. A1 - Wieser, M. E. A1 - Yoneda, S. A1 - Zhu, X.-K. A1 - Meija, J. T1 - Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report) N2 - Following the reviews of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data in 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2021, the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW) reports changes of standard atomic weights. The symbol Ar(E) was selected for standard atomic weight of an element to distinguish it from the atomic weight of an element E in a specific substance P, designated Ar(E, P). The CIAAW has changed the values of the standard atomic weights of five elements based on recent determinations of terrestrial isotopic abundances: Ar (argon): from 39.948 ± 0.001 to [39.792, 39.963] Hf (hafnium): from 178.49 ± 0.02 to 178.486 ± 0.006 Ir (iridium): from 192.217 ± 0.003 to 192.217 ± 0.002 Pb (lead): from 207.2 ± 0.1 to [206.14, 207.94] Yb (ytterbium): from 173.054 ± 0.005 to 173.045 ± 0.010 The standard atomic weight of argon and lead have changed to an interval to reflect that the natural variation in isotopic composition exceeds the measurement uncertainty of Ar(Ar) and Ar(Pb) in a specific substance. The standard atomic weights and/or the uncertainties of fourteen elements have been changed based on the Atomic Mass Evaluations 2016 and 2020 accomplished under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). Ar of Ho, Tb, Tm and Y were changed in 2017 and again updated in 2021: Al (aluminium), 2017: from 26.981 5385 ± 0.000 0007 to 26.981 5384 ± 0.000 0003 Au (gold), 2017: from 196.966 569 ± 0.000 005 to 196.966 570 ± 0.000 004 Co (cobalt), 2017: from 58.933 194 ± 0.000 004 to 58.933 194 ± 0.000 003 F (fluorine), 2021: from 18.998 403 163 ± 0.000 000 006 to 18.998 403 162 ± 0.000 000 005 (Ho (holmium), 2017: from 164.930 33 ± 0.000 02 to 164.930 328 ± 0.000 007) Ho (holmium), 2021: from 164.930 328 ± 0.000 007 to 164.930 329 ± 0.000 005 Mn (manganese), 2017: from 54.938 044 ± 0.000 003 to 54.938 043 ± 0.000 002 Nb (niobium), 2017: from 92.906 37 ± 0.000 02 to 92.906 37 ± 0.000 01 Pa (protactinium), 2017: from 231.035 88 ± 0.000 02 to 231.035 88 ± 0.000 01 Pr (praseodymium), 2017: from 140.907 66 ± 0.000 02 to 140.907 66 ± 0.000 01 Rh (rhodium), 2017: from 102.905 50 ± 0.000 02 to 102.905 49 ± 0.000 02 Sc (scandium), 2021: from 44.955 908 ± 0.000 005 to 44.955 907 ± 0.000 004 (Tb (terbium), 2017: from 158.925 35 ± 0.000 02 to 158.925 354 ± 0.000 008) Tb (terbium), 2021: from 158.925 354 ± 0.000 008 to 158.925 354 ± 0.000 007 (Tm (thulium), 2017: from 168.934 22 ± 0.000 02 to 168.934 218 ± 0.000 006) Tm (thulium), 2021: from 168.934 218 ± 0.000 006 to 168.934 219 ± 0.000 005 (Y (yttrium), 2017: from 88.905 84 ± 0.000 02 to 88.905 84 ± 0.000 01) Y (yttrium), 2021: from 88.905 84 ± 0.000 01 to 88.905 838 ± 0.000 002 KW - Argon KW - Ciaaw.org KW - Hafnium KW - Iridium KW - Lead KW - LSVEC KW - Ytterbium PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-548443 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0603 SN - 0033-4545 VL - 94 IS - 5 SP - 573 EP - 600 PB - De Gruyter Verlag CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-54844 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -