TY - CONF A1 - Günzel, Stephan T1 - Safety assessment of hydrogen gas storage systems N2 - In this lecture, the safety assessment of hydrogen gas storage systems is presented using the example of composite pressure vessels. The main element is a probabilistic approval approach based on five steps. Firstly, the testing and evaluation of properties at the beginning of life are shown. Secondly, methods for artificial aging and the effect on the residual strength are presented. Thirdly, testing against dedicated accidents is introduced. Fourthly, effects on the surveillance of production quality are discussed. Finally, degradation and the end of life are estimated. Background information and examples are given for each step. The assessment presented is a method applicable for many safety-related systems. T2 - Joint European Summer School 2021 on Fuel Cell, Electrolyser, and Battery Technologies CY - Online meeting DA - 12.09.2021 KW - Safety KW - Hydrogen KW - Wasserstoff KW - Bewertung KW - Assessment PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-59905 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günzel, Stephan T1 - Safety assessment of hydrogen gas storage systems N2 - In this lecture, the safety assessment of hydrogen gas storage systems is presented using the example of composite pressure vessels. The main element is a probabilistic approval approach based on five steps. Firstly, the testing and evaluation of properties at the beginning of life are shown. Secondly, methods for artificial aging and the effect on the residual strength are presented. Thirdly, testing against dedicated accidents is introduced. Fourthly, effects on the surveillance of production quality are discussed. Finally, degradation and the end of life are estimated. Background information and examples are given for each step. The assessment presented is a method applicable for many safety-related systems. T2 - Joint European Summer School 2023, Hydrogen Safety CY - Online meeting DA - 17.09.2023 KW - Safety KW - Hydrogen KW - Wasserstoff KW - Bewertung KW - Assessment PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59903 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günzel, Stephan T1 - Safety assessment of hydrogen gas storage systems N2 - In this lecture, the safety assessment of hydrogen gas storage systems is presented using the example of composite pressure vessels. The main element is a probabilistic approval approach based on five steps. Firstly, the testing and evaluation of properties at the beginning of life are shown. Secondly, methods for artificial aging and the effect on the residual strength are presented. Thirdly, testing against dedicated accidents is introduced. Fourthly, effects on the surveillance of production quality are discussed. Finally, degradation and the end of life are estimated. Background information and examples are given for each step. The assessment presented is a method applicable for many safety-related systems. T2 - Joint European Summer School 2022, Hydrogen Safety CY - Athens, Greece DA - 18.09.2022 KW - Safety KW - Hydrogen KW - Wasserstoff KW - Bewertung KW - Assessment PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-59904 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette T1 - Safety assessment of aged metal seals N2 - With our experiments we want to simulate a load situation which can result from a cask vertical drop test. The lid can lift a little for a very short moment and that can perhaps result in a little movement of the seal, a little rotation or a little lateral movement, so that the contact section can change. The aim of the project is to learn more about the sealing efficiency after the seal is compressed again. What we know from former component tests with non-aged seals is, that the leakage rate measured after one or more decompression /compression cycles with seal movement becomes significant higher. And this result is considered for specification of design leakage rates for release calculation in safety cases. In the recent years we all have learned more about the significant influence of temperature and time on seal behavior and so the plan was to do similar experiments with aged seals, just to get an idea about seal behavior and achievable leakage rates. What we did in detail is: We compressed Helicoflex-seals of both design types, with Aluminum and Silver outer jackets, in testflanges and aged them in an oven at a temperature of 125°C for 3 months to produce seal properties comparable with properties after several years use at more typical operating temperatures between 90 and 100°C. After this ageing procedure we opened the flanges completely, moved the seal a little to vary the contact area and compressed the flanges again. What we measured during all compression and decompression cycles was the load, the deformation and -as long as possible- the leakage rates. T2 - Workshop IRSN/BAM CY - Cadarache, France DA - 12.10.2022 KW - Transport KW - Radioactive KW - Seal behavior KW - Ageing PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56141 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günzel, Stephan T1 - Safety aspects of hydrogen transportation N2 - In this presentation safety aspects of hydrogen transportation are discussed. At first, the regulatory background and level of safety are presented. In the second part, the modelling of consequence due to sudden rupture of pressure receptacles is explained. Finally, the results are used to define a limit for consequence to enable an acceptable and safe transport of hydrogen. T2 - 3rd Germany-Korea Hydrogen Conference CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.09.2022 KW - Safety KW - Hydrogen KW - Wasserstoff KW - Gefahrgut KW - Consequence PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-59902 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias T1 - Safety Aspects for Transport Containers with regard to Ageing and Battery Accident Scenarios N2 - In Germany, the search for a final repository for highly radioactive material is currently based on the assumption that interim storage will take considerably longer than was anticipated. At that time, authorization procedures assumed that interim storage would be brief, until the containment systems could be placed in a final repository. For today's new approvals and extensions, the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) regulations for the transport of radioactive material require an assessment of all components and component groups with regard to ageing. To assess the safety requirements not only over the previously envisaged periods but also over long durations, numerous individual parts and component groups must be examined and evaluated for ageing and interactions between materials. The metal seals of a double lid sealing system, for example, are critical components that must be studied with respect to ageing. In a containment system for radioactive material, metal seals must not only undergo classic ageing, but also withstand mechanical influences and radiation over extended periods. In addition to assessments by the applicants, BAM must also independently analyze and evaluate these ageing mechanisms as part of its sovereign mandate. Another challenge in both new approvals and extensions is the assessment of transport regarding changes in the state of the art, which are not synchronously assessed in the regulations. In transporting radioactive material, a classic oil fire has been assumed in a hypothetical accident scenario from the development of the regulations to the present day. Due to the rapid development of propulsion technologies in recent years, such as battery or hydrogen-powered vehicles, investigations must be conducted in the revision process of the IAEA regulations to assess the impact of these new technologies on safety assessments. It is important for the member states of the IAEA to know whether new technologies are covered by the regulations or if changes are necessary to continue issuing international licenses. By focusing on batteries from the material to the cell to the module and the application, BAM contributes to the evaluation of batteries at every step of the chain. In addition to the safety of current and new battery technologies, BAM also endeavors to address issues of compositional trace and sustainable energy materials. T2 - MSD: Leaf CY - Livermore, CA , USA DA - 07.08.2024 KW - Safety Aspects KW - Ageing KW - Accident Scenarios KW - Battery PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60851 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Safety Aspects for Hydrogen Technologies - H2Safety@BAM N2 - Hydrogen is a central component of the energy transition and the European Green Deal for a climate-neutral Europe. To be able to achieve the targets defined by 2045, the EU and the German government have drafted a framework for action and are making long-term investments in research, development and the rapid implementation of innovative hydrogen technologies. The conditions for a successful energy transition and the economic use of green hydrogen as a clean energy carrier are Hydrogen readiness and a rapid market ramp-up, as well as the establishment of the necessary value chains in the national and European framework. Reliable quality and safety standards are the prerequisite for ensuring safety of supply and environmental compatibility and for creating trust in these technologies. BAM has bundled its expertise in the field of hydrogen technologies into a competence center H2Safety@BAM to create confidence in the technology and to support the hydrogen strategies of the German government and the EU. The topic of hydrogen has been current at BAM for more than one hundred years and is also currently the focus of numerous research and cooperation activities. The competence centre H2Safety@BAM and its vision of “We build trust in hydrogen technologies” will be presented with its many safety-related topics, which can be found throughout the entire hydrogen value chain. Two deep dives will present the results on projects dealing with the design-to-cost issue of classical pressurized gas storage containments and the consequences of the release of liquid hydrogen, which will be roughly compared to the release of ammonia. T2 - 25. Kalorimetrietage CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 31.05.2023 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - Safety KW - Hydrogen KW - Gas cylinders KW - DELFIN KW - LH2 KW - Hydrogen release KW - Rapid phase transition KW - Consequences KW - Cyro storage tanks PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hajhariri, Aliasghar T1 - Safer Insulation For LH2 (How to do a Business Development) N2 - To expand the hydrogen supply value chain, the transportation of this highly energy-dense material in its liquid phase presents significant challenges. However, developing an efficient and cost-effective insulation solution can substantially improve the economic feasibility of large-scale hydrogen transport. Such improvements not only enhance the profitability of storing and delivering high energy content within a limited volume, but also strengthen the overall value of the supply chain. Ultimately, this will support more efficient integration of hydrogen into the energy system and improve its economic viability. T2 - Workshop of Entrepreneurship HWR University CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 18.10.2025 KW - Super-Insulation KW - Liquid Hydrogen KW - Safety KW - Supply Chain PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64498 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Role of the Authority in the Approval Process of Packaging N2 - In Germany, BAM is the competent authority in the field of dangerous goods transport. The international dangerous goods transportation rules are presented and their adaptation into German law is described. BAM is responsible for dangerous goods packaging testing, manufacturer surveillance, packaging approvals and inspection of IBC and provides “Gefahrgutregeln” (GGR) to define the processes, e.g. of dangerous goods packagings approvals and surveillance.” T2 - Sino-German Workshop on Dangerous Goods Packaging CY - Online meeting DA - 18.11.2022 KW - Gefahrgutverpackungen KW - Zulassung KW - ADR PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56754 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg W. T1 - Risk management and consequence control in hydrogen transport - volume dependent pressure limitation as a scientific approach for consequence control N2 - With technological development, the transport units for compressed gases are becoming larger and their number is increasing. Simultaneously, the filling pressure for hydrogen in transport has increased far beyond the 200 bar, which has been the common European standard for decades. In total, this increases the potential consequences of an incident, which needs to get limited for ensuring acceptance in current practice with pressure vessels from large serial production. Consequently, the measures for new developments of extremely large and highly pressurised pressure vessels should meet a risk based higher level of requirements. For this purpose, the so-called pressure-volume product was proposed as a safety related criteria to the relevant regulatory bodies in 2020. The approach was accepted, and a working group was set up at the United Nations for developing a broadly accepted limitation of today's established pressure vessels compared to future units with even more gas content. The path to the finally decided limit value of 1.5 million bar litres is presented here for hydrogen with its individual steps: ‘Boundary between major accident and disaster’, ‘The effect of pressure waves on the human body’, ‘The propagation of pressure waves’, ‘The reference value for population density’ and ‘Impact of pressure waves’. This result of the UN working group has been accepted in December 2023 and will lead to a binding limitation of the pressure volume product for the so called pressure receptacles by 2027. The work on units larger than this pV-limit is going on at ISO level. T2 - 11th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety ICHS 2025 CY - Seoul, South Korea DA - 22.09.2025 KW - Safety KW - Hydrogen transport KW - Major accident KW - Pressure wave KW - Population density KW - Science with impact PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64198 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Shu-Han T1 - Revealing the Impact of Nitrogen Sites on the Sodium Storage Mechanism in Carbon Electrodes N2 - Unlike lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), where crystalline graphite is commonly used as the negative electrode material, disordered carbons are regarded as more promising for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, further advances towards better reversibility and higher specific capacity are still needed to match or even exceed the properties of graphite in LIBs. The main challenge is the complex and unpredictable Na-storage mechanism in disordered carbons. Recently, Matsukawa et al. have reported that the reversibility of (de)sodiation processes of ultra microporous carbons is higher compared to carbon materials with larger pore sizes.[2] Ultra micropores are accessible only to Na+-ions and not to solvent molecules. Therefore, ultra micropores can be used for Na-storage, however, do not significantly contribute to side reactions caused by solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, which reduces the related irreversible capacity loss. Building on this concept, the origins of specific capacity and irreversible losses were further explored in the current work by modifying the chemical composition of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) derived carbons, while maintaining comparable porosity. This involved adjusting the nitrogen content as well as the types of nitrogen sites through temperature variation. Subsequently, these ZIF-8 derived carbons were modified with a protective ion-sieving carbon shell formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This synthesis methodology enables effective distinction between reversible Na-storage and irreversible processes, e.g., SEI-formation. The former and later are mainly dictated by the properties of the ZIF-derived carbon core and the CVD based shell, respectively. The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In addition, different gas sorption techniques were carried out to analyze the porosity, pore sizes and specific surface areas. The electrochemical performance of the prepared materials was evaluated in coin cells vs. Na-metal. The results of the tailor-made core-shell carbons reveal that a higher nitrogen content leads to a greater capacity in the sloping region, but to a lower capacity in the plateau region of the voltage profile. In addition, the overall capacity is higher for materials with lower nitrogen content. Lastly, it is important to highlight that the incorporation of ion-sieving carbon shell results in a significant overall increase in capacity compared to materials without a carbon shell. The highest reversible capacities (i.e., 381 +/- 4 mAh g–1) were obtained for the core-shell carbon comprising a ZIF-derived core pyrolyzed at 1000°C. Apparently, the N-sites in the as-synthesized materials facilitate the adsorption of Na+ ions, indicating that Na+ ions preferentially adhere to these active sites during the sodiation process. It is worth noting that these results were observed while minimizing side reactions, making them more reliable and providing conclusive evidence for the long-debated Na-storage mechanism. Moreover, the lower capacity observed in materials with higher nitrogen content may be attributed to a lower electrical conductivity. T2 - Advanced Battery Power Conference 2025 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 02.04.2025 KW - Sodium-ion batteries KW - Hard carbon KW - Core-shell materials PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65132 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Retaining Competence for Safe Transports of Radioactive Material N2 - The nuclear phase out in Germany will lead to a challenge finding skilled staff for all areas in nuclear business. Transport of spent fuel and high-level nuclear waste is an ongoing task over the next decades during the decommissioning of nuclear power plants and after the interim storage. The international regulations were adapted and address the issue of transports after storage now. The topic of aging and assessment of the development of the state-of-art technology are in focus. German research funds are supporting the investigations of future challenges of transport and storage of the nuclear heritage. BAM is involved and works on several topics related to the aging issue of packages. The behaviour of spent fuel claddings, long-term behaviour of metal and elastomeric gaskets and sensor/monitoring techniques of waste disposal are examples of research fields. T2 - 7th Nuclear Decommissioning & Waste Management Summit 2020 CY - London, UK DA - 12.02.2020 KW - Aging management KW - Transport KW - Spent fuel behaviour KW - Disposal PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick T1 - Research on Synthetic Anodes for Na-Ion-Batteries N2 - Carbons with an amorphous structure are currently revisited as candidates for Li- and Na-ion batteries. High irreversible capacities (due to SEI formation) were considered an intrinsic problem of such hard carbons, rendering them irrelevant for practical use. Amorphous carbon anodes would present safety-related advantages such as lower heat dissipation throughout lithiation per mol of lithium, mechanical stability throughout cycling and a larger set of optional electrolytes. T2 - Advanced Automotive Battery Conference Europe 2024 CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 13.05.2024 KW - Synthetic Carbon Anodes PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61956 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Research at BAM on Metal Seal Performance and Fuel Rod Integrity N2 - The presentation provides an update on preliminary results from research projects in the area of long term performance of metal seals and fuel rod integrity as safety relevant components of spent fuel transport and storage casks for spent nuclear fuel. T2 - Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP) Winter Meeting 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 09.11.2020 KW - Metal seal KW - Safety KW - Interim storage KW - Spent nuclear fuel KW - Fuel rod PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Werner, Jan T1 - Requirements for loading compartments for EX/III vehicles N2 - The current explosives protection requirements of the ADR regulations are based on an outdated state of the art. The lack of clarity leads to uncertainties with existential risks and costs for equipment suppliers and operators of dangerous goods vehicles. In order to promote a revision of the supplementary regulations for EX/III vehicles for the transportation of explosive substances and articles of Class 1 in packages, it is therefore necessary to examine the hazards to which explosive substances and articles are exposed during transportation. To this end, existing design solutions will be examined on the basis of current regulations and their effectiveness against a typical external heat load will be determined. The first step is to characterize the heat input by means of calorimeter tests with typical accident loads. Idealized load scenarios are then to be derived from this, which are to be regarded as a prerequisite for standardization work. In the final step, a draft text for the renewal of the existing ADR regulations is to be drawn up and then coordinated internationally. T2 - UNECE Working Party on Transport of Dangerous Goods By Road WP.15 CY - Geneva, Switzerland DA - 05.11.2024 KW - EX/III KW - Dangerous Goods KW - ADR KW - Transport KW - Fire PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61640 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weber, Mike T1 - Reproducing and discussion of mechanisms in the contact area between metallic seals and flange during aging by finite element analysis (FEA) N2 - When the first site-specific interim storage licenses for DPCs (dual purpose casks), loaded with spent nuclear fuel or vitrified high-level waste from reprocessing were issued, a duration of 40 years was considered for interim storage license application and the long-term safety assessment of casks. In the meantime, the availability of a final repository is further delayed by several decades and thus interim storage for more than a century becomes a necessity. To assess the long-term performance of the typically used metal seals (e.g. Helicoflex), consisting of a helical spring (Nimonic), an inner stainless steel liner and an outer liner made from silver or aluminum, several experimental programs were conducted and are still ongoing. The investigated metal seals are typically mounted in mock-up flange systems and stored at increased temperatures to accelerate the aging process. In certain intervals the remaining seal force, the useable resilience and the corresponding leakage rate are determined. BAM has accompanied such programs for many years and started independent investigations in 2009. Although the remaining seal force is often used as “…one of the key parameters regarding sealing performances over time…” the presented results so far have shown that the courses of the leakage rate and the remaining seal force do not always correlate as expected. In 2016 BAM firstly published results of seals with aluminum liners where the measured leakage rate started to rise after a quite short time period (< 1 year) at 150 °C, although the seal force decreased only slightly compared to the previous measurement. After exceeding the required leakage rate of 10-8 Pa*m3/s it decreased again to acceptable values in the further course of aging. With reference to already published works, BAM has developed a new detailed ABAQUS finite-element (FE) model to represent the behavior of the seal mounted in the mock-up flange during aging, mainly characterized by the creeping of the outer liner. The main goal of the numerical simulation is to reproduce and understand the changing distribution of contact stresses (outer liner/flange) during aging and to discuss if and how it could be causative for the observed early breach of the leak tightness criteria and its later recovery. T2 - PATRAM 2025, 21st International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials CY - San Antonio, Texas, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Finite element analysis KW - Metallic seals KW - Aging KW - Contact area PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63883 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Repeatable Testing of a Cryogenic Storage Tank with Variable Insulation Material in Fire Like Conditions N2 - For decarbonizing the energy industry and transport, cryogenic energy carriers have great potential. The storage takes place in tanks with thermal super-insulations, which are in application for decades, but there is only limited knowledge about its behaviour in a fire scenario. This represents a major incident that may generate extraordinary loads on the tank and its insulation system, and that eventually lead to a sudden tank failure. This paper presents a test rig called the Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (CHTTVC), which can be used to test typical thermal superinsulation’s under cryogenic and fire-like conditions in parallel. The test method makes it possible to measure the heat flow through the thermal superinsulation over time and to investigate the degradation behaviour of the insulation within a test. In the paper results from the first tests are presented. T2 - 18th Cryogenics 2025, IIR Conference CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 07.04.2025 KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Fire KW - Insulation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva T1 - Release of Powdery or Granular Substances from Intact Dangerous Goods Bags During Road Transport - Analysis of the Causes and Development of a Test Concept N2 - The leaks of dangerous goods from actually intact bags detected in the years 2018 to 2020 tend to be at an almost constant high level. These releases of powdery or granular dangerous goods represent violations of the sift-proofness required in the dangerous goods regulations. This article first analyzes the causes. The components of the bags that are affected by leaks are micro-perforations, joins and closures, in particular internal sleeve valves. A distinction must be made between bags closed in conformity with or contrary to the manufacturer's instructions. The particle release is determined by a number of influencing factors of the filling substance, the packaging and other boundary conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive test concept is developed in this work, which takes all these factors into account. The application of this test concept facilitates the planning of the test setup and the experiments. On this basis, the complex mechanisms involved in the release of solid substances can be systematically investigated in the test laboratory. To prevent releases of powdery or granular substances from intact bags, it is necessary that the user has access to the closing instructions and the relevant properties of the test substance used for the design type approval. Further experimental investigations are needed to assess whether filling substances change their properties during transport and whether this enables them to escape. T2 - 30th IAPRI Member Conference 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 15.06.2020 KW - Bags KW - Dangerous goods packagings KW - Sift-proofness KW - Particles KW - Leak PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Orellana Pérez, Teresa T1 - Regulations codes and standards for safe hydrogen technologies N2 - Safety in hydrogen technologies in Europe is governed by international and European regulations and standards. An overview on regulatory bodies, technical committees, regulations, directives, standards, and technical guidelines with special attention on the BAM-GGR 021 is given in this lecture. T2 - Joint European Summer School 2023, Hydrogen Safety CY - Athens, Greece DA - 17.09.2023 KW - Hydrogen KW - Safety KW - Regulations KW - Standards PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59300 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Rechtliche Grundlagen und Entwicklungen im Bereich des Transports von Lithiumbatterien N2 - Als zuständige Behörde im Bereich des Transports von Lithiumbatterien und Ressortforschungsanstalt ist die BAM sowohl an der Rechtsfortentwicklung beteiligt als auch an der hierfür benötigten Forschung. Aktuelle Themen, Forschungsprojekte und deren Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt. T2 - 1. Fachkonferenz Transport von Lithiumbatterien CY - Munich, Germany DA - 12.07.2024 KW - LIthiumbatterien PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62329 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette T1 - Radioaktive Stoffe in besonderer Form - wichtige Aspekte im Zulassungsverfahren N2 - Für die Beförderung von umschlossenen radioaktiven Stoffen (Strahler) können Transporterleichterungen gelten, wenn das Strahlerdesign nachweislich unfallsicher ausgelegt ist und eine Zulassung als radioaktiver Stoff in besonderer Form vorliegt. Die in Deutschland zuständige Behörde für die Prüfung und Zulassung radioaktiver Stoffe in besonderer Form ist die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM). Eine oft langfristige Nutzung der Strahler kann eine alterungsbedingte Schwächung der Umschließung des radioaktiven Stoffes zur Folge haben. Jeder Strahler einer zugelassenen Bauart muss jedoch im Beförderungsfall zu jeder Zeit, auch nach längerer Nutzung, den vorgeschriebenen Prüfanforderungen genügen. Die Alterungsbewertung auf der Grundlage einer vom Antragsteller zu spezifizierenden Nutzungsdauer des radioaktiven Stoffes in besonderer Form ist seit langer Zeit Bestandteil des Zulassungsverfahrens in Deutschland. Ein von Deutschland eingebrachter Vorschlag im Rahmen der anstehenden Revision der IAEA Empfehlungen für die sichere Beförderung von radioaktiven Stoffen (SSR-6) soll die Lesbarkeit des Regelwerkes bezüglich der Alterungsbewertung verbessern, Klarheit über die damit verbundenen Anforderungen erzeugen und damit zu einer Harmonisierung der Zulassungsverfahren auf internationaler Ebene beitragen. In diesem Beitrag sollen wichtige Einflussfaktoren auf das Alterungsverhalten von radioaktiven Stoffen in besonderer Form aufgezeigt und die Notwendigkeit für die Spezifikation einer Nutzungsdauer als Grundlage für die Alterungsbewertung begründet werden. Der deutsche Vorschlag für die Revision des IAEA Regelwerks zum sicheren Transport radioaktiver Stoffe (SSR-6) wird vorgestellt und erläutert. T2 - Jahrestagung des FS 2022 CY - Konstanz, Germany DA - 26.09.2022 KW - Strahlenschutz KW - Radioaktive Stoffe KW - Beförderung KW - Alterung KW - Zulassung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56137 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin T1 - R&D Activities by BAM Related to Transport Package Fire Testing N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material shall meet the mechanical and thermal test requirements of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regulations for package design approval. Besides mechanical testing, the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) performs thermal tests in accordance with the IAEA regulations. The thermal test includes a 30-minute 800°C fully engulfing fire. BAM continuously performs various thermal experiments for the investigation of the thermal response of packages with respect to the IAEA fire. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the already performed, ongoing and future physical tests and experiments of BAM in the field of thermal investigations. These research and development works shall support our competencies for the authority package design assessment. BAM operates a propane gas fire test facility. To be able to carry out comparative investigations and validity between the propane fire and the in detail prescribed pool fire test in the regulations, BAM carries out various calorimetric tests and investigates the boundary conditions of the fire with the help of fire reference packages. At the same time, we are conducting various fire scenarios with wood-filled impact limiters. Large-scale fire tests of impact limiters are carried out on a full scale as well as on a small scale. Influencing variables are investigated in particular by means of geometric changes and the consideration of artificial damages, in particular holes. In addition to propane fire as a heat source, thermal scenarios are also investigated with hydrogen as heat source and an infrared radiator system to ignite test specimens. For these numerous test arrangements, the transferability to existing and newly developed transport package designs is essential and fruitful within the review of design approvals, especially for Dual Purpose casks with a long-lasting operation time. T2 - 20th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials (PATRAM 22) CY - Juan-les-Pins, France DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Fire Testing KW - Wood KW - Hydrogen KW - Fire Reference Test PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57722 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. T1 - Quasistatic rollover threshold of atmospheric road tankers N2 - On the other hand, it was found that the quasistatic rollover threshold of a circular tank, does not depend on the fill level, namely, it is only determined by the position of the support and the diameter of the tank T2 - CONIIN 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 28.09.2020 KW - Quasistatic KW - Atmospheric KW - Road KW - Tankers PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51385 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette T1 - Qualification Procedure for Seal Designs for Spent Fuel Transport and Storage Cask Containments N2 - The seal is a key component of the containment and closure system of transport and storage casks for radioactive material. It is a major contributor to ensuring compliance with the acceptable limits for activity release according to IAEA regulations. The requirements for a safe seal performance are high, accordingly. Every new seal design intended for use in the containment of a transport cask for radioactive material passes a qualification process in Germany. The qualification process is supervised by BAM as German competent authority for mechanical, thermal and containment assessment of packages requiring design approval. The closure system including the seal shall be able to withstand the corrosive, mechanical and thermal loads associated with routine, normal and accident conditions of transport according to the IAEA regulations without losing the required sealing function. Metal seals of the Helicoflex® type are often used to ensure required package leak tightness for both storage and transport, including transport after long term interim storage. The poster will provide an overview of requirements during a seal qualification process on the example of a Helicoflex® type metal seal. T2 - 21stInternational Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials, PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, Texas , US DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Spent fuel transport KW - Seals KW - Raqdioactive KW - Containment PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63909 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - Qualification of protective splinter barrier for fire resistance testing of CPVS N2 - There will be an experimental setup with a qualification of protective splinter barrier for fire resistance testing of CPVs presented. Various methods of qualifying the test stand enclosure are shown and the results are examined individually. A total of 14 explosion tests were carried out. Furthermore, the enclosure was examined for the influence of wind. T2 - Visit Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 30.08.2024 KW - Protective splinter barrier KW - Fire testing KW - Blast testing KW - Wind meassurement KW - CPV PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61455 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Orellana Pérez, Teresa T1 - QI Digital Use Case Hydrogen Refueling Station N2 - BAM is part of the “Quality Infrastructure Digital” (QI Digital) initiative of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). This initiative aims at coordinating a large cooperation project, “QI Digital” for making German and European quality management systems fit for the digital transformation. It is a fact that the digitization of new products and services is occurring much faster than quality management systems can be accordingly updated. Thus, the digital transformation of quality management is necessary to preserve the competitiveness of the German and European industries that stand for quality and safety in the global market. The Use Case “Reliable Hydrogen Refueling Station” of QI Digital aims at creating new solutions that are transferable to other technical systems and at further developing standards and technical rules as a contribution to technology transfer and innovation. T2 - 4th German-Korean Hydrogen Conference CY - Seoul, Republic of Korea DA - 31.10.2023 KW - Hydrogen refueling station KW - Digital quality infrastructure PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59303 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo T1 - Prüf- und Messverfahren mit verschiedenen Sensortechnologien und Ultraschallwellen N2 - Der Vortrag zum Mess- und Prüfverfahren mit verschiedenen Sensortechnologien und Ultraschallwellen beinhaltet die Themen: Metrologie zur Wasserstoffspeicherung - Euramet-Vorhaben "MefHySto", Erkennung von freigesetztem Wasserstoff sowie die Bestimmung des Wasserstoff-Luftverhälntisses mit Gassensoren, zerstörungsfreie Fehlstellenerkennung mit integriertem Zustandsüberwachungssystem basierend auf geführten Ultraschallwellen zur Lebensdauerüberwachung von Composite-Behältern (Wasserstoffspeicher) sowie faseroptische Sensorik zur Schadenfrüherkennung von Wasserstoffspeichern aufgrund erkennbarer Dehnungsänderungen an Druckbehältern. T2 - DVGW Kongress H2 Sicherheit CY - Online meeting DA - 28.09.2021 KW - Leckdetektion KW - Metrologie zur Wasserstoffspeicherung KW - Gassensorik KW - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) KW - Geführte Ultraschallwellen KW - Faseroptische Sensorik KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54136 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Popiela, Bartosz T1 - Project summary: Impact of manufacturing process related residual stresses in wound composite material on the operational safety of hydrogen pressure vessels N2 - This presentation is a summary of a doctoral project within the BTU-BAM Graduate School 'Trustworthy Hydrogen'. The results of both theoretical and experimental investigations are presented and discussed. T2 - Summer School 2025 - BTU-BAM Graduate School "Trustworthy Hydrogen" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.07.2025 KW - Composite KW - Pressure vessel KW - Residual stresses KW - Burst test KW - Filament winding KW - Carbon fiber PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63067 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kehr, Torsten T1 - Project QI-Digital - Quo vadis Use Case H2 Refueling Station? N2 - As a part of the QI-Digital cooperation project, BAM is setting up a hydrogen refuelling station research platform at the Test site for Technical Safety in Horstwalde. Based on this platform, BAM intends to develop, to test and to optimize new measurement techniques as well as data acquisition and processing methods for hydrogen refuelling stations and their periphery in close cooperation with partners from the quality infrastructure and industry. The presentation will introduce the hydrogen refuelling station use case and provide insights into the issues and research goals of the associated subprojects. T2 - H2-Colloquium of the Competence Centre „H2SAFETY@BAM” CY - Online meeting DA - 16.02.2022 KW - Hydrogen KW - Safety KW - QI-Digital PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54361 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Appel, Paul Alexander T1 - Probing Structural Changes in Sodium-Ion Battery materials with Operando SAXS N2 - Operando small-angle X-Ray scattering (SAXS) can provide direct insight into nanoscale structural changes occurring during electrochemical operation. This workshop will provide a general overview of the fundamentals of SAXS and highlight its potential on a range of case studies. This talk will highlight how operando SAXS complements conventional electrochemical characterization by revealing dynamic, irreversible structural processes that govern performance and stability in energy storage materials T2 - Operando Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.09.2025 KW - Small Angle X-Ray Scattering KW - Operando Measurments PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65119 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Linnemann, Konrad T1 - Prestressed bolt connections under lateral displacements N2 - The containment system of transport packages for spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste usually includes bolted lids with metal gaskets. The specified transport condition imply high loading on the lids and the bolt connections of the package. The response of the lid systems on these load conditions is generally investigated by drop tests or numerically. BAM has started a research project to get a better understanding about the behavior of prestressed bolt connection under loadings typical for drop tests. T2 - IRSN-BAM Symposium Safety of Transport and Storage Packages CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2020 KW - Transport packages KW - Pprestressed bolt connection KW - Experimental investigation KW - Finite element method PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Linnemann, Konrad T1 - Prestressed bolt connections under lateral displacements N2 - The containment system of transport packages for spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste usually includes bolted lids with metal gaskets. The specified transport condition imply high loading on the lids and the bolt connections of the package. The response of the lid systems on these load conditions is generally investigated by drop tests or numerically. BAM has started a research project to get a better understanding about the behavior of prestressed bolt connection under loadings typical for drop tests. T2 - BAM-IRSN-Workshop 2021 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 08.09.2021 KW - Transport packages KW - Bolt connections KW - Finite element analysis KW - Experimental investigation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53251 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias T1 - Potential Effects of Battery and Hydrogen Fires regarding Regulatory Requirements N2 - Introduction and Necessity of the Investigation The IAEA regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material (IAEA SSR-6) define the safety requirements for different package types and consider different transport conditions. The accident conditions of transport specify different mechanical and thermal tests based on investigations of real accident scenarios. Considering the rapid development of new boundary conditions of transport such as electric mobility and the use of hydrogen as energy source for trucks and other kind of vehicles, potential effects of battery and hydrogen fires in transport accidents should be investigated. The aim is to evaluate the existing test requirements developed and derived decades ago, whether they are covering the current transport situation. This concept paper will briefly present the reasons for detailed investigations as bases for a coordinated research project under the roof of the IAEA. T2 - Technical Exchange IRSN – BAM Transport & Storage of Packages for Radioactive Material CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.06.2024 KW - Fire KW - Battery KW - Hydrogen KW - IAEA Regulations PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60338 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias T1 - Potential Effects of Battery and Hydrogen Fires regarding Regulatory Requirements N2 - Die internationalen Sicherheitsanforderungen für den Transport radioaktiver Stoffe sind in den IAEO-Vorschriften SSR-6 festgelegt. Diese wurden in den 1960er Jahren entwickelt und seitdem nur in begrenztem Umfang angepasst. Sie bilden die Basis für die Regelwerke der verschiedenen Verkehrsträger – darunter auch das ADR (Europäisches Übereinkommen über die internationale Beförderung gefährlicher Güter auf der Straße). Die SSR-6 wird regelmäßig vom TRANSSC-Gremium der IAEO überprüft und aktualisiert. In diesen Prozess fließen aktuelle wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse sowie praktische Erfahrungen ein, um die Sicherheit beim Transport radioaktiver Materialien kontinuierlich zu verbessern. Im Rahmen der 47. TRANSSC-Sitzung stellte die BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung) aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zu Unfallszenarien mit Batterien und Wasserstoff vor und adressierte zentrale sicherheitsrelevante Fragestellungen. Aufgrund des großen internationalen Interesses, insbesondere da vergleichbare Erkenntnisse aus anderen UN-Mitgliedstaaten bislang nicht vorlagen, wurden diese Fragestellungen ab der 48. Sitzung offiziell in das Arbeitsprogramm aufgenommen. Vor der 48. TRANSSC-Sitzung führten BAM und BASE eine gemeinsame Befragung aller UN-Mitgliedstaaten mittels eines Fragebogens durch. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Rahmen der 48. TRANSSC-Sitzung vorgestellt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass in den befragten Ländern bislang keine spezifischen nationalen Regelungen oder Einschränkungen im Hinblick auf Fahrzeuge mit alternativen Antrieben bestehen. Gleichzeitig wurde jedoch auf ein potenzielles Risiko mit derzeit nicht abschätzbarem Ausmaß hingewiesen. N2 - Hier: The IAEA regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material (IAEA SSR-6) define the safety requirements for different package types and consider different transport conditions. The accident conditions of transport specify different mechanical and thermal tests based on investigations of real accident scenarios. Considering the rapid development of new boundary conditions of transport such as electric mobility and the use of hydrogen as energy source for trucks and other kind of vehicles, potential effects of battery and hydrogen fires in transport accidents should be investigated. The aim is to evaluate the existing test requirements developed and derived decades ago, whether they are covering the current transport situation. This presentation will briefly present the reasons for detailed investigations as bases for a coordinated research project under the roof of the IAEA. T2 - WP.15 IWG-EV 22nd session CY - Online-Meeting DA - 23.07.2025 KW - Requirements KW - Battery Fire KW - Experiment KW - IAEA PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63900 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mair, Georg W. T1 - Positionspapier Wasserstofftransport - Markthochlauf vs. Sicherheitsanforderungen von Gasspeichern - Änderungen in der wiederkehrenden Prüfung sind notwendig N2 - Es ist absehbar, dass die sicherheitstechnisch notwendige Verpflichtung zur wiederkehrenden Prüfung jedes Druckbehälters im Transport in seiner heute üblichen Form zu mehrwöchigen Stillstandszeiten und damit zu zusätzlichen Engpässen in der Verfügbarkeit von Transportein-heiten führen wird. Auf Grundlage wird nun weitergehend de-regulierend angestrebt, die individuelle wiederkehrende Prüfung von festverbauten Druckbehältern aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen mit Kunststoffliner durch Stichprobenprüfungen zu ersetzen, solange wie die Stichprobenergebnisse die geforderte Sicherheit belegen. Durch den vorgeschlagenen, stichprobenbasierten Ansatz werden die Stillstandzeiten im Transport von Wasserstoff erheblich reduziert und die mit der Wasserdruckprüfung verbundenen kostenintensiven Reinigungs- und Spülverfahren vermieden. Damit wird die Grundlage gelegt für den geplanten Markthochlauf mit Blick auf Umsetzbarkeit durch die Industrie bei gleichzeitiger Gewährleistung der Sicherheit. T2 - H2NormungsRoadMap: Jour Fixe der Koordinationsverantwortlichen CY - Online meeting DA - 14.01.2025 KW - Wiederkehrende Prüfung KW - Deregulierung KW - Wirtschaftlichkeit KW - Markthochlauf KW - Wasserstoff KW - Sicherheit KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Druckgefäße KW - Faserverbundwerkstoffe KW - Stichprobe KW - Probabilistik KW - Zerstörende Prüfung KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Stationäre Speicher PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-62484 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Porous „Ionophoric“ Carbon Materials: Synthesis Routes and Electrochemical Applications N2 - Porosity tuning and “doping” with heteroatoms and/or transition metals are key strategies to improve the performance of porous carbons. Nitrogen doped carbons (NDCs) with macrocyclic functionalities and the respective M-coordinated NDCs (M-N-Cs) containing FeN4 sites, are very promising electrodes for Na-storage and electrocatalytic conversions. Their functional groups are reminiscent of those in biomolecules like e.g. hemoglobin. The materials can carry ions and can be regarded as “ionophoric” carbons. T2 - AKK-Herbsttagung 2025 CY - Mainz, Germany DA - 22.09.2025 KW - Electrocatalysis KW - Energy Storage KW - Noble Metal Free KW - Nitrogen Doped Carbon PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64969 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Porous „Ionophoric“ Carbon Materials: Synthesis Routes and Electrochemical Applications N2 - Porous carbon materials play an important role for energy storage and conversion, e.g., as fuel cell catalysts, supercapacitor or battery electrodes. Tuning porosity features such as pore connectivity, specific surface area, maximum pore size and pore volume is one of the key strategies to improve the performance of those materials.[1] Moreover, the alteration of the chemistry allows further enhancement in performance, even leading to the applicability in new fields. In this context, nitrogen doped carbons (NDCs) are a very promising material class. Highly porous NDCs for example show interesting Na-storage features.[2] Moreover, the integration of iron ions in an NDC, forming FeN4-sites, can results in materials with very promising properties as fuel cell cathode catalysts.[3] However, to relate certain sites to specific performance indicators is still challenging as the variation of the present N-sites is very large in typically obtained NDCs. In the past, we were able to develop an ionothermal synthesis strategy which results in highly porous materials with specific, i.e., tetrapyrrolic, N4-sites.[4] Such N4 sites and there metal complexes are reminiscent of biomolecules like the heme molecule, which originally inspired the research on such materials.[5] The N4-sites are mainly occupied by Zn2+ as the synthesis is performed in a ZnCl2-containing salt melt. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of those materials can be rather easily altered upon removing/exchanging the Zn2+. Moreover, again looking at biomolecules, those kind of materials can be regarded as ionophoric carbons as they possess distinct, metal-binding N4-sites embedded in a carbon matrix. Herein, we will focus on the synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) based NDCs with high porosity. We will discuss different strategies to remove and/or exchange Zn2+ in the obtained ZnN4-containing materials. Different analytical methods, e.g., physisorption (N2, Ar, CO2), XPS, XAS, and NMR, will be used to understand the alteration of morphological and chemical features upon ion exchange (see Figure 1). Figure 1: A) Schematic illustration of the partial Zn-removal in a ZnN4-containing, ionophoric carbon. B) High resolution N 1s XPS-results of a ZIF-derived ionophoric carbon before and after metal leaching. Due to the ion exchange/removal, the chemistry of the NDCs is altered, however, typically preserving the porosity features as well as the general structure of the N-motifs. Thus, the influence of the occupancy of the N4-sites on the electrochemical performance can be studied in detail. Finally, structure-property-relations of the different ZIF-derived ionophoric NDCs regarding the performance as anodes in sodium ion batteries will be discussed. T2 - Deutsche Zeolith-Tagung 2024 CY - Jena, Germany DA - 28.02.2024 KW - Ionophoric carbon KW - Sodium ion battery KW - PGM-free catalysts PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61955 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick T1 - Porous Carbon Supported Ni or Co Single Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 N2 - Isomorphous, but chemically unequal Ni-, Co- and Zn-N-C electrocatalysts are investigated for their electrocatalytic properties towards the electrochemical CO2 conversion. It turns out that Ni-N-Cs are clearly most favourable, because of the isomorphism to other catalysts, also clearly due to the NiN4 sites properties. T2 - Deutsche Zeolith-Tagung 2024 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 23.03.2024 KW - M-N-C catalysts KW - CO2 reduction PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-61953 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mehmood, Asad A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick T1 - Porous Carbon Supported Ni and Co Single Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide N2 - Non-precious metal single atom catalysts (generally labelled as M/NCs where M= Co, Fe, Ni etc.) consist of active metal centres dispersed on nitrogen doped porous carbon (NC) matrix at atomic level and exhibit promising activities e. g. for electrochemical reduction of CO2, selectively forming CO. We herein use identical Mg/NCs as platform for ion-exchange reactions towards morphologically equivalent Ni/NCs and Co/NCs. The Ni/NC catalyst shows almost double the specific activity and a Faraday efficiency of >80% at a very low overpotential of U= -0.43 V (even 95% at U= -0.5 to -0.8 V) with high stability. T2 - GDCh Electrochemistry 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.09.2022 KW - Electrochemical CO2 conversion KW - Single atom catalysts KW - Porous Carbons PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-61980 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias T1 - Polyurethane Foam in Impact Limiters - Experimental and Numerical Analysis N2 - Transport containers with radioactive material are usually shipped in Germany with wooden-filled impact limiters. Alternative energy-absorbing materials for this purpose can be polyurethane foam, for example. In order to perform adequate simulations with PU foam, experimental and numerical investigations must be carried out. With the help of a series of experimental test runs, a material model is developed, tested and compared in LS-Dyna. T2 - Technical Exchange IRSN – BAM: Transport & Storage of Packages for Radioactive Material CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 08.09.2021 KW - Polyurethane Foam, Impact Limiters, PU-Foam PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53261 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias T1 - Polyurethane Foam for Impact Limiters - Theory and Experimental Data N2 - Transport containers with radioactive material are usually shipped in Germany with wooden-filled impact limiters. Alternative energy-absorbing materials for this purpose can be polyurethane foam, for example. In order to adequately determine the characteristics for a selected PU foam, various experimental investigations must be carried out. Classically, PU foam specimens are tested under uniaxial compression, confined compression and a tensile test. Using the experimental data and selected material models from the literature, the parameters can be determined to describe and apply material models. T2 - Technical Exchange Sandia – BAM: Transport & Storage of Packages for Radioactive Material CY - Online meeting DA - 31.08.2021 KW - Polyurethane Foam KW - Impact Limiters KW - PU-Foam PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53262 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bock, Robert T1 - Pilotprojekt Wasserstofftankstelle - Session 2: Verlässliche Wassertofftankstellen N2 - Was ist QI? Qualitätsinfrastruktur – Das Zusammenwirken von nationalen Institutionen im Bereich der Metrologie, Normung und Standardisierung, Akkreditierung, Konformitätsbewertung und Marktüberwachung, mit dem Ziel die Qualitätssicherung bei Produkten und Prozessen in Deutschland zu gewährleisten. Unser Ziel ist es, unsere bewährte Qualitätsinfrastruktur (QI) noch besser zu machen und so einen Beitrag zur Lösung von sozioökonomischen, ökologischen und technologischen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit zu leisten. Eine der bedeutendsten technologischen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit ist die Digitalisierung. Die zentralen Akteure der deutschen QI wollen diese digitalisieren. Beteiligte Institutionen sind aktuell BAM (Konformitätsbewertungen in bestimmten Bereichen), DAKKS (Akkreditierung), DIN/DKE (Normung), PTB (Metrologie). Wir wollen also ein Reallabor errichten, das die Wertschöpfungskette einer Tankstelle abbildet, also eine Wasserstofftankstelle beinhaltet, die dann mit erweiterter Sensorik ausgestattet werden soll. Somit sollen digitale Prozesse abgebildet werden können sowie sensorgestützte Verfahren zur qualitätsgesicherten Datenerfassung und -auswertung genutzt werden. Diese gesammelten Daten sollen dann in eine Dateninfrastruktur eingehen und mithilfe eines Datenmanagementsystems sowie künstlicher Intelligenz in einem Digitalen Zwilling zusammenlaufen, der die digitale Prozessüberwachung der Sicherheit möglich macht. Schließlich sollen die in QI Digital entwickelten digitalen Strukturelemente der QI erprobt werden, insbesondere die QI Cloud, Smart Standards und digitalen Zertifikate. Im Zusammenspiel ermöglicht das unter anderem die Entwicklung von Predictive Maintenance Verfahren für: 1. die Optimierung von Wartungszyklen und Minimierung von Ausfallzeiten Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit durch frühzeitige Identifikation kritischer Zustände im Gesamtsystem 2. Entwicklung verlässlicher Qualitäts- und Sicherheitsstandards  3. Digital-gestützte Risikobeurteilung und Konformitätsbewertung Die im Pilotprojekte betrachteten Sicherheitsaspekte sind also zusammenfassbar als: a) Auswirkungsbetrachtungen bei möglichen Fehlfunktionen oder Defekten b) Die genannte vorrauschauende Instandhaltung und damit verbundene Lebensdauerprognose, die in Kombination eine bessere allgemeine Verfügbarkeit garantieren sollen Als Grundlage hierfür benötigen wir aber Änderungen im Bereich der technischen Regeln und Normen, um die neuen digitalen Werkzeuge zuzulassen und nutzbar zu machen. T2 - QI Forum 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.10.2022 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Digitalisierung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-61356 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bock, Robert A1 - Mair, Georg W. T1 - Pilotprojekt "Verlässliche Wasserstofftechnologie" - Beispielanwendung für eine technische Anlage N2 - Kurzvorstellung des Pilotprojektes Verlässliche Wasserstofftechnologie in QI Digital. Anwendung der QI Digital Werkzeuge an einer technischen Anlage beispielhaft gezeigt anhand von sechs im Projekt entwickelten Demonstratoren. Unser erklärtes Ziel ist die Unterstützung des Markthochlaufs von Wasserstofftechnologien durch Digitalisierung der QI. Bei der Qualitätsinfrastruktur von technischen Anlagen geht es vor allem die Themen QI Dokumentation und Zugänglichkeit, Verfügbarkeit der Anlage und Informationen darüber, sowie Inspektionszyklen mit zeitaufwändigen und teuren manuellen Prüfungen. Mit dem Übergang zu einer digitalen QI streben wir hier an, eine kontinuierliche Überwachung des momentanen Gesundheitszustandes der Anlage und automatisierter Dokumentation hierüber, die fälschungssicher und vertraulich zugänglich gemacht werden kann, zu erreichen. Hierzu sollen die im Gesamtprojekt entwickelten QI Digital Werkzeuge zum Einsatz kommen. T2 - QI Forum 2024 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.10.2024 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Digitalisierung PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61354 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beckmann, Jörg T1 - Photolytically and Thermally Initiated Destruction on the Stability of (Ultra)High Molecular Polyethylene N2 - THz and mid IR spectroscopy of high-molecular PE (HMW) and ultra high-molecular PE (UHMW) reveals modifications of the molecular structure. Characteristic absorption bands are changed if the two materials are exposed by γ-Co60 radiation up to 600 kGy and subsequently stored at an annealing temperature of 398 K until for 729 days. UHMW-PE and HMW-PE behave differently during the ageing process because of their molecular weight and inherent structure distinctions. The spectroscopic data offer characteristic absorption bands, which have been used to describe the complete ageing process in more detail. For instance, the integral absorption in the B1u THz-region can be used to describe quantitatively the reduction of crystallinity. The formation of trans vinylene unsaturation and the decay of vinyl during ageing can be observed in detail in the mid IR range. T2 - 9th International Workshop on Terahertz Technology and Applications CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany DA - 03.03.2020 KW - Degradation KW - MID IR Spectroscopy PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50555 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Popiela, Bartosz T1 - PhD Topic 5: Summer School Update. Influence of manufacturing process related residual stresses in wound composite material on the operational safety of H2 pressure vessels N2 - The presentation is an update on the progress of the PhD Project. It focuses on the residual stress induction during the winding process of type 4 composite pressure vessels. Moreover, an overview of the experimental study is given, with focus on the manufacturing of composite pressure vessels. T2 - Summer School 2023 - BTU-BAM Graduate School "Trustworthy Hydrogen" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.09.2023 KW - Residual stress KW - Composite KW - Pressure vessel KW - Hydrogen PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58239 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Popiela, Bartosz T1 - Performance of Type 4 Composite Pressure Vessels: Impact of Residual Stress State N2 - This presentation summarizes the results of an experimental study on slow burst tests, involving two pressure vessel designs with different residual stress states. The significant performance differences between the two designs highlight the critical role of residual stress state in filament-wound structures T2 - Composites Research Seminar at the Innovative Design and Integrated Manufacturing Lab, Seoul National University CY - Seoul, South Korea DA - 22.11.2024 KW - Composite KW - Pressure vessel KW - Residual stresses KW - Burst test KW - Filament winding PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61734 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Scarponi, Giordano T1 - Performance of MLI systems for LH2 Tanks in fire scenarios N2 - In the course of decarbonizing the energy industry, cryogenic energy carriers are seen as having great potential. This is because they allow significantly higher volumetric energy densities to be achieved than when these energy carriers are stored at typical temperatures on Earth. This is important for numerous energy-intensive applications, such as those found in all transport sectors. Important cryogenic energy carriers include liquefied hydrogen (LH2) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). The challenge is to keep the energy carrier cold for a long time. This is achieved by the implementation of thermal super-insulations (TSI) systems based on multilayer insulations (MLI), microspheres, perlites, and vacuum for instance, and which have proven to be effective in several cryogenic applications. However, due to the short period of use, the low number of documented incidents, and the still few investigations carried out in the field, the exploitation of such systems in the transport sector still suffers from insufficient knowledge about the course and consequences of incidents. Accidents involving collisions, fires, and their combination are quite common in the transportation sector and may generate extraordinary loads on the tank and its insulation system, eventually leading to tank failure. The presentation summarizes the findings from the cooperation of the University of Bologna and BAM regarding the experiments on diverse types of super-insulations with the High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber, as well as the model approaches that were developed to calculate the heat transfer and degradation of MLI’s during high thermal exposure. As an outlook the application of the models, the Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber, and the fire test on HGV-components are presented. T2 - ELVHyS - International Stakeholder's Seminars CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 30.09.2024 KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Cryogenic storage tank KW - Fire KW - Safety PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61205 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - PE-Rezyklat Einsatz in Gefahrgutbehältern? N2 - In diesem Vortrag geht es darum zu beschreiben, ob Rezyklat für PE Behälter gefüllt mit Gefahrgut Anwendung finden darf. Kanister aus Neuware und Rezyklat wurden verschiedenen Untersuchungen unterzogen. Es wurde der Feststoff und Leachable getestet. Methoden sind TED-GC/MS und GC-HRMS. Proben der Leachable wurden nach 1 und 4 Wochen genommen und die Peakanzahl vergleichen dargestellt. Als Lösemittel wurden Wasser, Ethanol, EtOAc, Ammoniak und HNO3 verwendet. T2 - Fachaustausch Projekt GeSKAR CY - Dessau, Germany DA - 10.01.2025 KW - Gefahrgutbehälter KW - Rezyklat PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62396 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Graeber, Gustav T1 - Paste-like interlayers in alkali-metal battery anodes N2 - Giving an introduction to high-temperature batteries with molten alkali-metal anodes and solid electroyltes. Presenting the research on alkali-metal tensiometry and the study about wetting interactions between liquid alkali-metal alloys and porous carbon hosts. T2 - AG Christina Roth Seminar CY - Bayreuth, Germany DA - 16.07.2025 KW - Battery PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64069 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Graeber, Gustav T1 - Paste-like alkali-metal anodes in contact with solid electroytes N2 - Explaining the motivation of the BMFTR ANaBatt project. Presenting recent advances in alkali metal tensiometry and characterization of alkali-metal wetting in porous carbon materials via X-ray computed tomography. T2 - Sodium Battery Symposium 6 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 03.09.2025 KW - Battery PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64070 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -