TY - CONF A1 - Low, Jian Liang T1 - 理论模拟与实验协同的材料表征与机理研究 T1 - Integrating modelling and experiment for synergistic material characterization and mechanism studies N2 - In this academic salon among Chinese-speaking researchers within Germany and EU, I presented my work on utilizing computational chemistry to support experimental characterization and mechanism studies. The discussion focused on metal- and nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-Cs) with well-defined coordination geometry as an excellent reference material for synergistic theory-experimental research. Some key topics included the analysis of structural preferences of imprinting ions, spectroscopic characterization of specific active sites and mechanism studies pertaining oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen peroxide chemistry at these active sites. T2 - 21st Koushare Workshop - European Materials Science: From Molecular Design to Material Applications CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.10.2025 KW - Metal- and Nitrogen Doped Carbon (M-N-C) KW - Active Site Characterization KW - Electrochemical mechanisms KW - Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65152 LA - zho AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Böttcher, Nils T1 - „Batterien“ Gefahrgutrechtliche Entwicklung für die Anwendung N2 - Der Markt für Energiespeicher bietet eine kontinuierlich wachsende, technologische Vielfalt. Neben etablierten Lithium-Ionen-Batterien gewinnen alternative Systeme wie Natrium-Ionen-Batterien zunehmend an Bedeutung. Jene Entwicklung steigert aktuell die Anforderungen an Regularien für Logistik und Handhabung ebendieser Systeme und bedarf einer dedizierten jedoch gleichwohl praktikablem Klassifizierung unterschiedlicher Batterien nach deren Gefährlichkeit. Genau dies ist der Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Präsentation. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf dem sicheren Transport kritisch defekter Batteriesysteme durch thermische Passivierung und/oder gezieltes Tiefentladen. Explizit werden aktuelle und zukünftige Batterietechnologien vorgestellt, die wesentlichen Herausforderungen bei Handhabung, Transport und Lagerung zusammengefasst und ein umfassender Ausblick auf die Weiterentwicklung der relevanten Regelwerke gegeben. T2 - 35. Münchner Gefahrgut-Tage CY - Munich, Germany DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Batteriesicherheit KW - Thermisches Durchgehen KW - Tieftemperaturpassivierung KW - Initiale Reaktionstemperatur KW - Gekühlter Transport von (kritisch) defekten Batterien PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65077 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mehmood, Asad T1 - ZIF-derived Atomically Dispersed Non-precious Metal Catalysts (M-N-C) for Electrochemical Energy Applications N2 - Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) which are a subtype of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively used to prepare catalyst materials for a variety of electrochemical reactions for energy conversion and storage applications. Most notable examples of ZIFs used for that purpose include ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 etc. Particularly ZIF-8 with its high surface area, defined pore structure and tunable particle size is widely utilized as a platform material to prepare so-called metal- and nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C) catalysts with M= Co, Fe, Ni, Zn etc., which are an emerging class of catalyst materials and consist of nitrogen-doped porous carbon matrix hosting atomically distributed active metal sites.[1, 2] The active sites in M-N-Cs ideally have M-N4 coordination resembling to metal centres in macromolecules such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines.[3] Most representative examples of M-N-Cs include Fe-N-Cs, Co-N-Cs and Ni-N-Cs etc. which are showing promising activities for a variety of electrochemical reactions e.g. oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The structures of M-N-C catalysts are quite complex and require a fine balance between morphological, electronic, and chemical properties to reach optimal electrocatalytic activities. In this talk, I will present our activities on (i) preparation of phase-pure M-N-C catalysts derived from ZIF-8 via active-site imprinting [4, 5] and highlight the benefits of our strategy to achieve high density of active sites and enhanced electrochemical performance levels [6] and (ii) feasibility of using gas physisorption techniques as a new approach to quantify active sites in M-N-Cs. The challenges of maximizing active site utilization and eliminating unfavourable mass-transport characteristics faced by ZIF-8 derived M-N-Cs in electrochemical energy devices e.g. fuel cells will also be briefly discussed. T2 - Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 03.03.20225 KW - Electrochemical energy conversion KW - Single atom catalysts KW - Electrochemical CO2 reduction KW - Fuel cells KW - Electrolyzers PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.251 AN - OPUS4-62927 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dietzmann, Simon T1 - XAS for structural characterization of atomically dispersed materials N2 - metal and nitrogen enriched carbons (M-N-C) are promising electrocatalysts for small molecule activation. It is proposed that the nitrogen is forming a stabilizing N4-site for the catalytically active metal. This can be proven by XAS measurements to confirm the coordination sphere around the metal. T2 - Bessy User Meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 08.12.2024 KW - Single-atom-catalyst KW - Structural characterization KW - Porous carbons PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-61994 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dietzmann, Simon T1 - X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Uncover the Structure of Metal and Nitrogen Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts N2 - High-performance electrocatalysts and sodium-ion (Na+) storage materials for Na-ion batteries are essential for efficient energy conversion and storage. Metal and nitrogen enriched carbons (M–N–Cs) are promising candidates due to their intrinsic conductivity and tunable properties through targeted modification. To understand and optimize the catalytically active sites at the pseudo-molecular level, detailed structural characterization is crucial. T2 - Bessy User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.12.2025 KW - Elechtrochemistry KW - XAS KW - Single atom catalysts PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65010 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dietzmann, Simon T1 - X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Reveal the „Molecular“ Structure of Metal and Nitrogen doped Carbon Electrocatalysts N2 - High-performance electrocatalysts and sodium-ion (Na+) storage materials for Na-ion batteries anodes are required for energy conversion and storage systems. Metal and nitrogen enriched carbons (M-N-Cs) are promising candidates as they are conductive and can be tuned to the desired properties by appropriate modification. Structural characterization is essential to understand and optimize the active sites at the pseudo-molecular level and the storage of Na+ in the anode T2 - Bessy User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.12.2024 KW - Single-atom-catalyst KW - Electrochemistry KW - Porous carbons PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62074 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Graeber, Gustav T1 - Wetting and phase change phenomena in alkali -metal batteries N2 - Presentation about the importance of wetting and phase change phenomena in batteries. Hihglighting our work on Du Noüy ring tensiometry of alkali metals and wetting studies of alkali metals in contact with porous carbon hosts in alkali metal batteries with solid electrolytes. T2 - International Battery Workshop (ASPIRE, TwinBat) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.9.2025 KW - Battery KW - Sodium KW - Wetting PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64467 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias T1 - Welding Seam Safety Evaluation in a Thick-Walled Type B Transport Package N2 - The safety demonstration of heavy weight type B transport packages used for storing spent nuclear fuel (SNF) or radioactive waste is ensured by a combination of physical testing and numerical calculations. While experiments are performed in accordance with the IAEA regulations for selected drop scenarios, Finite-Element-Method (FEM) simulations are used to predict the most damaging case and to investigate additional drop positions. BAM as competent authority in Germany has performed different investigations of a welding seam for a typical large transport package made of A508 forged steel, where the bottom plate is welded to the cylindrical shell. The package has a mass of approx. 120 t. Results of physical drop tests with a full-scale model and accompanying preliminary FEM simulations are presented to determine the decisive stresses in the welding seam. A drop test only represents one set of a package and test parameters. A further parameter analysis is considered to account for allowable variations of packaging properties (e.g. resulting from the manufacturing process) and, based on IAEA requirements, the temperature dependence of the material behaviour. The results of the stress analyses from the drop test and the simulation form the basis and provide the input parameters for a fracture mechanics analysis. In addition to the IAEA specifications, further standards are taken into account for an in-depth investigation, see R6 [1], BS 7910 [2] and API 579-1/ASME FFS1 [3]. All the above-mentioned standards require a manufacturer-specific defect analysis with respect to size and position. Both result from the welding process and the following heat treatment regime. The maximum defect sizes are ensured with non-destructive test methods (such as ultrasonic or particle methods) as integral part of the manufacturing process of the welding seam. Another important parameter in the welding process is the residual stress (secondary stress). The combination of the primary and secondary stress determines the total stress in the welding seam. The most damaging case of the welding seam is determined and evaluated with help of the above-mentioned standards and taking into account the IAEA requirements with respect to defect sizes, material properties, primary and residual stress, yield strength etc. T2 - PATRAM 22 - The International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials CY - Juan-Les-Pins, France DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Welding KW - Fracture Mechanics KW - Transport Package PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57695 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg W. T1 - Welcome to BAM and the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM N2 - The presentation starts with general slides on BAM, its mission and focus areas. It provides the fields of activity in the focus area “Energy” and explains the structure of the competence Centre and its focus on building trust in hydrogen. The next part shows the H2Safety@BAM’s Products“ in a nutshell and explains the main items with deep dives on the Living Lab “Hydrogen Networks”, the Living Lab „Hydrogen Refuelling Station“, on Reference Materials and Procedures, Storage of Liquid Hydrogen, Storage Systems for Compressed Gases and Material Compatibility. T2 - Information Tour at the Invitation of the Federal Foreign Office The Hydrogen Economy in Germany CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.11.2025 KW - Living Lab “Hydrogen Networks” KW - Living Lab „Hydrogen Refueling Station“ KW - Reference Materials and Procedures KW - Storage of Liquid Hydrogen KW - Storage Systems for Compressed Gases KW - Material Compatibility PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65101 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Wasserstoff - Kryogene Anwendungen N2 - Wasserstoff wird als ein potenzieller alternativer Energieträger gesehen, mit dem die für 2050 gesetzten Klimaziele erreicht werden könnten. Der Transport von Wasserstoff ist mittels verschiedener Speichertechniken möglich, von denen der kryogene Transport mit den größten volumetrischen Energiedichten einhergeht. Hierdurch eignen sich diese Speicher besonders für die energieintensiven Verkehrsmittel im Land-, See- und Flugverkehr. Im Vortrag werden Speichertechniken, Gefahren im Umgang mit kryogenen Gasen sowie bisherige Störfälle dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Teil der aktuellen Forschungsarbeit an der BAM vorgestellt, die die Sicherheit dieser Speicher unter außergewöhnlichen Belastungen adressiert. T2 - 26. Gefahrgutkongress Mecklenburg-Vorpommern CY - Rostock, Germany DA - 03.11.2022 KW - Wasserstoff KW - H2 KW - LNG KW - LH2 KW - Tank PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56181 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - John, Sebastian T1 - Vorstellung NIP II FORSCHUNGSVORHABEN DELFIN N2 - As a contribution to the national hydrogen strategy, 3.5 years ago, the Delfin research project started with the aim of developing a cost- and material-optimized hydrogen tank design for automotive application. Under the patronage of the National Organization Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology (NOW), a consortium consisting of 9 research institutes, component suppliers, engineering service providers and automobile OEMs is processing a wide range of work packages. The focus of BAM research sets on impact testing and safety-related characterization of pressure vessels of different development stages. Furthermore, the implementation of nondestructive testing methods is applied. The presentation shows an overview of the BAM work packages and an extraction of the results generated so far. T2 - SAMPE Feierabendkolloqium CY - Online meeting DA - 15.06.2022 KW - Delfin KW - Wasserstoff KW - Druckbehälter KW - Impact PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55349 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Anita A1 - Moench, Lars A1 - Rausch, Talea T1 - Vorstellung des Berichtes Batteriezellenherstellung des Arbeitskreises Elektrische Energiespeichersysteme der Kommission für Anlagensicherheit N2 - In der Kommission Anlagensicherheit (KAS) Arbeitsgruppe Elektrische Energiespeicher wurde ein Bericht erstellt, der den Stand der Technik für die Batteriezellproduktion in Deutschland widerspiegelt und die Einstufung nach Störfallverordnung mittels einer Liste aller enthaltenen Stoffe ermöglicht. Dieser wird vorgestellt und die Anwendung der maßgeblich durch die BAM erstellte Liste erläutert. T2 - UBA Fachbereichgespräch CY - Online meeting DA - 24.10.2024 KW - Störfallverordnung KW - Batterie-Zellproduktion KW - LIthiumbatterien KW - Anlagensicherheit PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62327 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Böttcher, Nils T1 - Visualizing the progression of the thermal runaway in lithium-ion-cells by controlled abuse tests at low temperatures N2 - Due to their increasing energy density, lithium-ion-batteries (LIBs) play a key role in the traffic energy transition. Regarding their safety behavior, the main challenge of LIB-cells remains the thermal runaway (TR) process. In situ/operando investigations of the TR on commercial cells is possible with radiographic and computer tomographic measurements. Nonetheless, high resolution visualization of the TR persists as a challenge due to the high progression speed of the TR-process itself. Generally, performing abuse tests at cryogenic temperatures allows to slow down or even prevent the TR. Nevertheless, not all abuse methods are suitable for TR investigations at low temperatures. Nail penetration is an appropriate option, however, contains numerous unknown parameters and therefore suffers regarding reproducibility. Herein, a self-developed high precision nail-penetration-setup is introduced, approaching the necessary mechanically reproducibility with controlled temperatures down to -190°C. The setup allows the preparation of critically abused, however, at cryogenic temperatures stable LIB-cells. These cells were controlled rethermalized to room temperature during synchrotron x-ray computer tomography (SXCT) with a pixel size up to 0.7 μm. During this measurement, the temperature and voltage of the cell is monitored allowing the visualization of the initial internal cell reactions. This study reveals the relation between internal reactions and cell voltage. Finally, the developed set-up enables in-depth analysis of thermal runaway behavior down to material level for various commercial battery cells in the future. T2 - International Battery Safety Workshop CY - Ulm, Germany DA - 28.09.2023 KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - Computer Tomography PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Werner, Jan T1 - Verpackungen und Beförderungseinheiten im Zusammenspiel N2 - Die derzeitigen Explosivstoffschutz-Anforderungen des Regelwerks ADR basieren auf einem überholten Stand der Technik sowie Technologie der Baustoffe/Bauteile/Werkstoffe. Die Formulierung im entsprechenden Abschnitt des ADR (9.3.4.2) ist nicht eindeutig und verweist auf eine Norm, welche als kritisch angesehen wird. Diese Unklarheiten führen bei den Ausrüstern und Betreibern der Gefahrgutfahrzeuge zu Unsicherheiten mit existenziellen Risiken und Kosten. Es ist hier sowohl aus wirtschaftlicher als auch aus sicherheitstechnischer Sicht vordringlicher Klärungsbedarf erkennbar. Eine Klärung ist zudem dringlich, weil sich auch international bei den beteiligten Akteuren der ADR-Vertragsparteien Fragen zur Klärung der Technologieentwicklung und dem Stand der Technik ergeben haben. Um eine Überarbeitung der ergänzenden Vorschriften für EX/III-Fahrzeuge zur Beförderung von explosiven Stoffen und Gegenständen der Klasse 1 in Versandstücken voranzutreiben, ist deshalb eine Untersuchung der Gefahren erforderlich, denen explosive Stoffe und Gegenstände während der Beförderung ausgesetzt sind. Die beschriebenen Unschärfen der heutigen Vorschriften sollten im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens des Bundesministeriums für Digitales und Verkehr (BMDV) durch eine neuerliche Untersuchung beseitigt werden. Hierzu wurden auf Grundlage der heutigen Vorschriften bestehende konstruktive Lösungen untersucht und deren Wirksamkeit gegenüber einer typischen Wärmebelastung von außen festgestellt. Erforderlich dafür war zunächst die Charakterisierung der Wärmeeinträge durch Versuche mit typischen Unfallbelastungen. Daraus abzuleiten waren dann idealisierte Belastungsszenarien, welche als Voraussetzung für eine Normungsarbeit angesehen werden sollen. Im letzten Schritt soll ein Textentwurf für die Erneuerung der bestehenden Vorschriften des ADR verfasst und im Anschluss international abgestimmt werden. Es soll ein völlig neuer Ansatz zur Auslegung und Bewertung von Bauteilen von EX/III-Fahrzeugen für den Einsatz als Schutzschild gegenüber externer Wärmebelastung gefunden werden. Dieser begründet sich auf neuen technischen Erkenntnissen, welche eine Feuerbelastung heute nicht mehr allein durch eine Einheits-Temperaturkurve (ETK), sondern differenziert nach konvektiven und strahlenden Anteilen betrachtet. Mit ähnlicher technischer Zielrichtung wurde international der neue Standard „Bestimmung der Beständigkeit von Brandschutzmaterialien und -systemen für Druckbehälter gegenüber Kohlenwasserstoffpoolbränden“ als ISO 21843 in Jahr 2018 verabschiedet. Die jeweilige Wärmeleistung bzw. Wärmestromdichte soll mittels Kalorimeterversuchen bestimmt werden. Es gilt den Wärmeeintrag ins Innere der Ladeabteile zu begrenzen. Hierbei stellt sich nicht nur die Frage nach Isolationswirkung sowie Wärmeübergängen und ob dies nur durch Wandung sowie Boden sicherzustellen ist, sondern ob weitere Maßnahmen, wie Reifenschutz, automatische Feuerlöscheinrichtungen, etc. benötigt werden. Letztlich soll durch die Präzisierung der Gefahrgutvorschriften Transparenz bei Anwendern, Zulassungs- und Kontrollbehörden geschaffen werden. T2 - Gefahrguttechniktage 2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.11.2025 KW - Explosivstoffe KW - Unfallszenarien KW - Brandbelastungen PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64808 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Verkehrsrechtliche Betrachtungen Transport- und Lagerbehälter - Wo geht die Reise hin? N2 - Transportierbarkeit von Transport- und Lagerbehältern für radioaktive Stoffe, welche nach eine längerfristigen trockenen Zwischenlagerung transportiert werden müssen. Überblick über die aktuellen Regelwerke und Richtlinien sowie die Zeitpläne für das Finden eines Endlagers für hochradioaktive Stoffe und die damit verbundene verlängerte Zwischenlagerung. Des Weiteren werden das für die verlängerte Zwischenlagerung notwendige Alterungsmanagement und die noch erforderlichen Forschungstätigkeiten vorgestellt. T2 - 10. Symposium Lagerung und Transport radioaktiver Stoffe CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 05.09.2023 KW - Transportbehälter KW - Radioaktive Stoffe KW - Transport KW - Zwischenlagerung KW - IAEA PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60506 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva T1 - Vergleichende Schüttwinkeluntersuchungen nach Vorlagerung bei 23 °C und 50 % r. F. N2 - In den von der BAM anerkannten Prüfstellen kommen derzeit unterschiedliche Methoden der Schüttwinkelmessung zum Einsatz. Es ist unklar, welche dieser Methoden sich prinzipiell für welche Füllgüter eignen. Daher werden derzeit systematische Untersuchungen an der BAM durchgeführt, die im folgenden vorgestellt werden. T2 - 34. Sitzung des BAM AK Prüfstellen CY - Online meeting DA - 28.09.2021 KW - Gefahrgutverpackungen KW - Schüttwinkel KW - Fließfähigkeit KW - Hausner-Faktor PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53414 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva T1 - Vergleichende Schüttwinkelmessungen an festen Gefahrgütern N2 - Die in den von der BAM anerkannten Prüfstellen für Gefahrgutverpackungen gängigen Schüttwinkel-Messmethoden werden verglichen, anhand der Messung an fünf pulverförmigen oder körnigen Stoffen mit gefährlichen Eigenschaften. Zusätzlich wird die Untersuchung des Einflusses einer unterschiedlichen klimatischen Vorlagerung vorgenommen. T2 - 36. Sitzung des BAM AK Prüfstellen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.09.2023 KW - Schüttwinkel KW - Pulver KW - Schüttgüter KW - Fließfähigkeit PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58278 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva T1 - Vergleichende Schüttwinkelmessungen - Ausblick auf Untersuchungen der BAM N2 - Es ist bislang noch keine einheitliche Vorgehensweise und kein bestimmtes Prüfverfahren für die Schüttwinkelmessung festgelegt. Bei den Prüffüllgütern handelt es sich nicht nur um gefährliche Ersatzfüllgüter, sondern zum Teil auch um gefährliche Originalfüllgüter. Es liegen noch keine systematische Untersuchungen darüber vor, welche der in den Prüfstellen gängigen Methoden sich prinzipiell für die Anwendung bei bestimmten Extremfällen von Füllgütern eignen. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist daher ein systematischer Vergleich bei der Anwendung verschiedener in den Prüfstellen gängiger Schüttwinkelmessmethoden. T2 - 33. Sitzung des BAM AK Prüfstellen CY - Online meeting DA - 16.09.2020 KW - Gefahrgutverpackungen KW - Schüttwinkel PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51248 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva T1 - Vergleichende Fallversuche zur Bewertung von Fallfundamenten - Ausblick auf Untersuchungen der BAM N2 - Oft verfügen Produktionsstätten über bereits verbaute Fallfundamente, die nicht das geforderte Massenverhältnis von 1:50 aufweisen. Gemäß ADR ist jedoch auf dem Niveau der Musterprüfung zu prüfen. Es ist daher fraglich, ob die Prüfungen im Rahmen der Eigenüberwachung und die Baumusterprüfungen vergleichbare Ergebnisse liefern, wenn die Fallfundamente unterschiedlich beschaffen sind. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist daher die Entwicklung eines Untersuchungs- und Prüfkonzepts für bereits verbaute Fallfundamente für Gefahrgutverpackungen im Rahmen einer ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Promotionsarbeit. T2 - 33. Sitzung des BAM AK Prüfstellen CY - Online meeting DA - 16.09.2020 KW - Gefahrgutverpackungen KW - Fallfundamente PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51250 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva T1 - Vergleichende Fallversuche zur Bewertung von Fallfundamenten - Ausblick auf Untersuchungen der BAM N2 - Es wird ein Ausblick auf Untersuchungen der BAM gegeben, die im Rahmen einer ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Promotionsarbeit durchgeführt werden sollen. T2 - 40. Sitzung des ERFA Verpackungen CY - Online meeting DA - 05.11.2020 KW - Gefahrgutverpackungen KW - Fallfundamente PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51543 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rieck, Arielle A1 - Schwarz, Irina T1 - Valorization of CO2 by electrocatalytic reduction coupled to acetogens via multiple electron carriers (Ecat-acetogens) N2 - For the realization of a sustainable energy economy, it is of great importance to develop CO2 -neutral methods producing multi-carbon organic chemicals used as feedstock in the chemical industry as well as carbon-neutral fuels. A promising method to alleviate the greenhouse effect and thereby forming value-added chemicals or syngas as an energy carrier, is through the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this work, a bioelectrotechnological approach is developed, in which the CO2RR reaction products (CO and H2) are directly fed to bacteria (acetogens), who use them as “reduction equivalents” to further metabolize CO2 to valuable carbon compounds. Therefore, a bio-electrochemical system consisting of a bioreactor coupled to a CO2 electrolysis cell will be established. Currently, scarce catalysts such as Ag and Au are used as for the CO2RR which may hamper the use of decentral CO2 conversion technology for cost reasons. The technological viability of the bacteria-assisted electrolysis depends on the usage of efficient, biocompatible, and selective electrocatalysts prepared from inexpensive precursors. Porous transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbons (M-N-Cs) have emerged as precious-metal free electrocatalysts for the direct electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO and are excellent candidates for scale-up and deployment in technological applications. Furthermore, Co/Ni/Zn functioning as the catalytically active sites will be used, as they are expected to depict non-bactericidal properties in contrast to Cu and Ag catalysts. The non-bactericidal property could e.g., allow for application within the hybrid device (bio-electrochemical system), without the need to separate bacteria and cathode catalyst. The MNCs with the most promising electrocatalytic activity and selectivity will be evaluated in abiotic conditions in the hybrid bio-electrochemical reactor system. T2 - DFG Summer School Workshop CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 01.09.2022 KW - CO2 Reduktion KW - MNC catalyst KW - Clostridium ragsdalei PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56619 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick T1 - Valorization of carbon dioxide by the electrocatalytic reduction coupled to acetogens via multiple electron carriers N2 - A summary of the DFG project "Ecat-Acetogens" within the SPP priority programm Ebiotech (2240) was given. The successful developmante of a bioelectrocataltic reactor system based on standard 2l stirred tank bioreactors and common 5cm2 singel cell electrolysis reactors was presnted and first results discussed based on the catlytic properties of a specifically designed cathode catalyst for CO2 reduction. T2 - DFG SPP Statusmeeting Ebiotech 2024 CY - Jena, Germany DA - 22.04.2024 KW - CO2 conversion KW - Bioelectrocatalytic reactor PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61939 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schwarz, Irina A1 - Rieck, Arielle T1 - Valorization of carbon dioxide by electrocatalytic reduction coupled to acetogens via multiple electron carriers (Ecat-acetogens) N2 - To alleviate CO2 emissions and their impact on climate change, converting carbon dioxide into valuable products such as multi-carbon organic chemicals is of great importance. CO2 can be converted via different pathways such as electrochemical, photo-electrochemical and biological etc. Each approach offers distinct merits but also certain challenges in terms of process efficiency, product selectivity and implementation at scale etc. Therefore, developing coupled CO2 conversion systems, for instance bioelectrochemical reactors, can potentially address some of those challenges.[1] In this work, the focus is on developing cost-efficient, biocompatible, and high activity porous M-N-C catalysts with M = Ni and Co that are atomically dispersed as NiN4 and CoN4 active sites in porous carbon matrix. Ni- and Co-N-Cs are prepared by active-site imprinting approach using Mg as an imprinter.[2][3] Pyrolysis of Mg-N-C is carried out in a salt-melt at high temperatures (≥ 800 oC) and followed by an exchange with Ni or Co at low temperatures. N2-sorption of the materials reveal a micro-mesoporous structure with high surface areas (> 1000 m2 g-1) and a mass-transport enabling pore system. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) reveal the existence of atomically dispersed single atom active sites with defined active site structure. A variety of Ni-N-Cs and Co-N-Cs were tested for CO2R activity in a rotating disc electrode (RDE) setup, showing high activity and selectivity towards CO2R versus the competing HER. Subsequently, these catalysts were implemented in a home-made bio-electrocatalytical system (BES) consisting of a bioreactor coupled to a CO2 electrolysis cell. Here, CO2 is first electrochemically converted to CO in the electrolysis cell which is then directly fed to bacteria (Clostridium ragsdalei) in bioreactor who further metabolize it to valuable carbon compounds such as acetate. In the BES, partial pressures of CO reached a maximum of 5.7 mbar and that of hydrogen was 2.7 mbar after 30 h. A specific exponential bacterial growth rate of 0.16 h-1 was observed with acetate formation rate of 1.8 mg L-1 h-1 and an acetate concentration of 0.103 g L-1 corresponding to acetate formation rate of 0.73 mmol d-1. As will be discussed in greater details in this talk, we have successfully demonstrated the validity of a coupled bio-electrocatalytical system concept operating with Co- and Ni-N-C catalysts for CO2 conversion. T2 - Joint SPP Conference CY - Jena, Germany DA - 06.11.2024 KW - CO2 Reduktion KW - Bioelectrocatalytical system PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61993 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schwarz, Irina A1 - Rieck, Arielle T1 - Valorization of carbon dioxide by electrocatalytic reduction coupled to acetogens via multiple electron carriers (Ecat-acetogens) N2 - To alleviate CO2 emissions and their impact on climate change, converting carbon dioxide into valuable products such as multi-carbon organic chemicals is of great importance. CO2 can be converted via different pathways such as electrochemical, photo-electrochemical and biological etc. Each approach offers distinct merits but also certain challenges in terms of process efficiency, product selectivity and implementation at scale etc. Therefore, developing coupled CO2 conversion systems, for instance bioelectrochemical reactors, can potentially address some of those challenges.[1] In this work, the focus is on developing cost-efficient, biocompatible, and high activity porous M-N-C catalysts with M = Ni and Co that are atomically dispersed as NiN4 and CoN4 active sites in porous carbon matrix. Ni- and Co-N-Cs are prepared by active-site imprinting approach using Mg as an imprinter.[2][3] Pyrolysis of Mg-N-C is carried out in a salt-melt at high temperatures (≥ 800 oC) and followed by an exchange with Ni or Co at low temperatures. N2-sorption of the materials reveal a micro-mesoporous structure with high surface areas (> 1000 m2 g-1) and a mass-transport enabling pore system. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) reveal the existence of atomically dispersed single atom active sites with defined active site structure. A variety of Ni-N-Cs and Co-N-Cs were tested for CO2R activity in a rotating disc electrode (RDE) setup, showing high activity and selectivity towards CO2R versus the competing HER. Subsequently, these catalysts were implemented in a home-made bio-electrocatalytical system (BES) consisting of a bioreactor coupled to a CO2 electrolysis cell. Here, CO2 is first electrochemically converted to CO in the electrolysis cell which is then directly fed to bacteria (Clostridium ragsdalei) in bioreactor who further metabolize it to valuable carbon compounds such as acetate. In the BES, partial pressures of CO reached a maximum of 5.7 mbar and that of hydrogen was 2.7 mbar after 30 h. A specific exponential bacterial growth rate of 0.16 h-1 was observed with acetate formation rate of 1.8 mg L-1 h-1 and an acetate concentration of 0.103 g L-1 corresponding to acetate formation rate of 0.73 mmol d-1. As will be discussed in greater details in this talk, we have successfully demonstrated the validity of a coupled bio-electrocatalytical system concept operating with Co- and Ni-N-C catalysts for CO2 conversion. T2 - eBiotech Workshop Week + Status Seminar CY - Jena, Germany DA - 19.03.2023 KW - Bioelectrocatalytical system PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-61997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sterr, Andrea A1 - Schwarz, Irina T1 - Valorization of Carbon Dioxide by Electrocatalytic Reduction Coupled to Acetogens via Multiple Electron Carriers (Ecat-Acetogens II) N2 - A Bioelectrochemical approach for reducing CO2 to fuels or value-added chemicals allows overcoming the limitations of a pure biochemical or electrochemical approach. A Bioelectrochemical system (BES) for this application has been developed in cooperation with TUM in the first project phase. BAM's contribution to the research focuses on the electrochemical side of the setup, mainly on the development of a suitable CO2RR catalyst for reducing CO2 to CO, which is then consumed by actogenic bacteria to produce further products. Single-metal-atom catalysts in a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix (M-N-Cs) are a promising, sustainable alternative to expensive rare-metal catalysts like Ag and Au. In this work, the first-generation catalyst, a ZIF-8-based Co-N-C is compared to a Mg salt mix templated Ni-N-C. In the new catalysts, the activity for CO2RR as well as the stability during BES operation could be enhanced. T2 - E-Biocat Statusupdate 2025 CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 01.04.2025 KW - CO2RR KW - M-N-Cs KW - Bioelectrochemical System PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65143 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schwarz, Irina A1 - Rieck, Arielle T1 - Valorization of carbon dioxide by electrocatalytic reduction coupled to acetogens via multiple electron carriers (Ecat-acetogens) N2 - For the realization of a sustainable energy economy, it is of great importance to develop CO2 -neutral methods producing multi-carbon organic chemicals used as feedstock as well as carbon-neutral fuels by CO2 capture and conversion. In this work, a bio-electrocatalytical system (BES) consisting of a bioreactor coupled to a CO2 electrolysis cell is established. CO2 is first electrochemically converted to CO in electrolysis cell which is then directly fed to bacteria (acetogens) to further metabolize it to valuable carbon compounds such as acetate. The objective of this study is to develop cost-efficient, biocompatible and high activity electrocatalysts that can selectively convert CO2 to CO. Porous nitrogen-doped carbons containing atomically dispersed Ni and Co (Ni or Co-N-Cs) are prepared by active-site imprinting approach. First, synthesis of Mg- or Zn-N-C was carried out through pyrolysis of precursors in a salt melt followed by exchange with Ni or Co. N2-sorption porosimetry of the materials reveal a micro-mesoporous structure with high surface areas (> 1000 m2 g-1) and a mass-transport enabling pore system. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) reveal the existence of single atom sites with no formation of nanoparticles. A variety of Ni-N-Cs and Co-N-Cs were tested for CO2R activity in a rotating disc electrode (RDE) setup, showing high activity (Tafel slopes range from 77 – 130 mV/decade) and selectivity towards CO2R versus the competing HER. Before operation in the BES, first tests were performed in a single cell. Significantly increased current was detected in the CO2R test in CO2-saturated electrolyte vs. in N2 -saturated electrolyte indirectly proving formation of carbon monoxide (CO). Transfer of the electrolysis cell operation into the BES proved to be successful. For biotic operation, the BES was inoculated with Clostridium ragsdalei. Partial pressures pCO reached a maximum of 5.7 mbar and pH2 was 2.7 mbar after 30h. The reduction of partial pressures is interpreted as the consumption of the gases by C.ragsdalei. We report a specific exponential growth rate of 0.16 h-1, acetate formation rate of 1.8 mg L-1 h-1 and an acetate concetration of 0.103 g L-1 corresponding to acetate formation rate of 0.73 mmol d-1.In this work we successfully demonstrated an integrated bio-electrocatalytic system (BES) to convert CO2 into value-added chemicals. The usage of a Co- and Ni-N-Cs as the reduction catalyst within the BES allowed production of CO and H2 with relative selectivity for CO resulting in the growth of Clostridium ragsdalei and acetate production. T2 - Joint SPP Conference CY - Jena, Germany DA - 06.11.2023 KW - Bioelectrocatalytical system PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-61995 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Graeber, Gustav T1 - Using X -ray computed tomography to learn more about alkali -metal batteries: Trajectory towards operando analysis N2 - Here we discuss how X-ray computed tomography can be used to learn more about alkali-metal batteries. We show wetting phenomena in alkali-metal batteries, discuss various techniques to study them, and show our recent results obtained at DESY in Hamburg. T2 - Operando battery workshop at CSMB CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.09.2025 KW - Battery KW - X-ray computed tomography KW - Operando PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64468 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Update on the German Spent Fuel Management Strategy N2 - The presentation provides an update on the German spent fuel Management strategy in the areas of transportation, dry interim storage and deep geological disposal. T2 - IAEA 18th TWG-NFCO CY - Online meeting DA - 07.09.2020 KW - Spent nuclear fuel KW - Final disposal KW - Safety KW - Transport and storage cask PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51616 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Böttcher, Nils T1 - Untersuchungen für den Transport gekühlter Batterien Vorstellung des Nageltests N2 - Im Zusammenhang mit den Untersuchungen zu den Möglichkeiten von gekühlten Transporten von Lithiumbatterien werden unterschiedliche Zerstörungsmethoden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Insbesondere wird dabei das neu entwickelte Nageltool und die vorläufigen Untersuchungen für den Einfluss von Ultratiefkühlung auf unbeschädigte Lithiumbatterien vorgestellt. T2 - ERFA-Verpackungen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.09.2022 KW - Lithiumbatterien KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Nageltest PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56759 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Böttcher, Nils T1 - Untersuchungen für den Transport gekühlter Batterien Vorstellung des Nageltests N2 - Im Zusammenhang mit den Untersuchungen zu den Möglichkeiten von gekühlten Transporten von Lithiumbatterien werden unterschiedliche Zerstörungsmethoden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Insbesondere wird dabei das neu entwickelte Nageltool vorgestellt. T2 - Fachkonferenz Lithiumbatterien CY - Goettingen, Germany DA - 28.04.2022 KW - Lithiumbatterien KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Nageltest PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56758 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Umgang mit defekten Lithiumbatterien - Transport und Lagerung N2 - Während es umfangreiche Transportvorschriften für Lithiumbatterien und auch defekte Lithiumbatterien gibt, gibt es aktuell keine Lagervorschriften. Jedoch sind hier einige Aktivitäten und Ansätze zu verzeichnen, die ebenfalls vorgestellt werden. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf e-bike Akkus. T2 - VdS-Fachtagung "Lithium-Batterien: Brand- und Arbeitsschutz" CY - Collogne, Germany DA - 17.09.21 KW - Lithium Batterien KW - Transport KW - Lagerung KW - E-bike Akkus PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54180 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaeger, Carsten T1 - Umfassende Analyse von Leachables aus rezyklierten HDPE-Kanistern N2 - Weitestgehendes Recycling vorhandener Materialien und Produkte ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Kreislaufwirtschaft. Verpackungen auf Kunststoffbasis, darunter Behälter für Lebensmittel und Getränke, aber auch für die Lagerung und den Transport von Chemikalien und Gefahrgütern, werden derzeit größtenteils aus fossilen Rohstoffen hergestellt. Doch selbst für diese „kontaktempfindlichen“ Produkte besteht weiterhin das Ziel der Nachhaltigkeit durch den Einsatz von Recyclingmaterialien. Diese sehr aktuelle Diskussion findet derzeit im Rahmen der EU-Verpackungs- und Verpackungsabfallverordnung (PPWR) statt, die voraussichtlich noch in diesem Jahr abgeschlossen sein wird. Bei Verpackungen für den Transport gefährlicher Güter sind die Sicherheitseigenschaften der Behälter aus „neuen“ Materialien, einschließlich Polyethylen (PE), gut bekannt und werden im Rahmen ihrer Bauartzulassung getestet. Über ihre Gegenstücke aus Recyclingmaterialien ist jedoch weitaus weniger bekannt. Abgesehen von Materialschwächung kann der Eintrag von Rückständen in recycelte Kunststoffe zu einer Verunreinigung der Waren in der Verpackung führen. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, haben wir Kanister aus hochdichtem PE (HDPE) aus Post-Consumer-Abfällen auf die Freisetzung von Kunststoffzusätzen und Verunreinigungen untersucht. Mithilfe eines umfassenden, nicht zielgerichteten Ansatzes mit hochauflösender Massenspektrometrie (HRMS) konnten wir je nach Art der gelagerten Chemikalie und Lagerdauer 895 verschiedene Komponenten detektieren. Die meisten Komponenten waren alleinig oder in wesentlich höherer Konzentration in recyceltem HDPE als in herkömmlichem HDPE nachzuweisen. 154 der Komponenten konnten identifiziert und auf ihre funktionale Verwendung hin analysiert werden. Interessanterweise ergab diese Analyse „Kosmetik“, „Duftstoffe“ und „Geschmacksstoffe“ als Hauptassoziationen neben bekannten und erwarteten Verwendungen im Bereich „Kunststoffe“. Dies deutete auf einen erheblichen Eintrag von Fremdverunreinigungen in das Produkt hin. Rezyklierte Kanister zeigten damit deutliche Nachteile im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Kanistern. Eine detaillierte Bewertung der Ergebnisse im Hinblick auf die Materialsicherheit in diesem Produktsegment steht noch aus. T2 - Erfahrungsaustausch Verpackungen 2024 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.09.2024 KW - Extractables & Leachables KW - Hochauflösende Massenspektrometrie KW - Nontarget-Analyse KW - Gefahrgutbehälter PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61057 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja T1 - Umfassende Analyse von Leachabels aus rezyklierten HDPE-Kanistern N2 - Es wurde untersucht, welche Substanzen aus rHDPE-Post-Consumer-Rezyklat herausgelöst und nachgewiesen werden können (Non-Target-Analytik). Die Substanzen wurden sowohl chemisch als auch anwendungsbezogen systematisiert. Diskutiert wurde die Nutzung der Ergebnisse zur Festlegung von Qualitätskriterien von rHDPE sowie zur Verbesserung des mechanischen Recycling-Prozesses. T2 - 20. Gefahrgut-Technik-Tage CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.11.2025 KW - rHDPE KW - Rezyklat KW - Leachables PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64852 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen T1 - Transportbehälter für Klasse 7 - Ein Überblick N2 - Die Präsentation gibt einen Überblick über die Tranportbehälter der Klasse 7. Behandelt werden neben der Versandstückklassifikation auch die Anforderungen an diese Verpackungen gemäß der gefahrgutrechtlichen Vorschriften. T2 - 30. Münchner Gefahrguttage CY - Online meeting DA - 20.07.2020 KW - Gefahrgutrecht KW - Transportbehälter KW - Radioaktives Material KW - Zulassungspflichtige Versandstücke PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51104 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Transport von defekten Lithiumbatterien: Umsetzungspraxis der neuen Rechtsvorschriften, Wo besteht Forschungsbedarf? N2 - Transport von defekten Lithiumbatterien - die BAM setzt die Vorschriften des internationalen Gefahrguttransportrechts für defekte Lithiumbatterien um. Um die Kompetenz hierfür sicherzustellen, bedarf es eigener Forschungstätigkeit. Auch im zuständigen UN Gremium werden Untersuchungen durchgeführt, an denen die BAM beteiligt ist. T2 - Fachkonferenz Lithiumbatterien CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 22.01.2020 KW - Lithiumbatterien KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - ADR PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50806 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Transport of HLW canisters on sea vessels N2 - Germany had been transporting spent fuel to the reprocessing plant in Sellafield and La Hague for decades until around 2005. Resulting from the obligation to take back the vitrified high-level waste from reprocessing six CASTOR® HAW28M filled with 168 canisters with radioactive waste in vitrified form were transported from Sellafield to the interim storage facility Biblis in 2020. Rail wagons were used for the transport to the port in Barrow-in-Furness, where they were loaded into a dedicated seagoing vessel, certified as INF Class 3 according to the INF Code. This was the first time that vitrified high level waste with considerable heat load was transported under a German design approval certificate. BAM was involved in the authority assessment of the conditions for the sea transport. For the first transport BAM required among others, assessment of temperature distribution during transport, logging of temperatures of cargo bays and graphical imaging of temperatures of the bay with the cask in order to ensure compliance with temperature specifications, e.g. maximal neutron absorber and gasket temperatures. Special interest was taken in the identification of possible events exceeding the specified temperatures considering the different philosophies of IMDG code and its supplement INF code regarding temperature control of hatches. Results show compliance with assumed conditions. T2 - RAMTrans 2024 CY - London, GB DA - 14.05.2024 KW - Transport KW - Spent nuclear fuel KW - Ship KW - Sea KW - High level waste PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60091 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Transport nach Zwischenlagerung, Besonderheiten des letzten Transports N2 - Transportierbarkeit von Transport- und Lagerbehältern für radioaktive Stoffe, welche nach eine längerfristigen trockenen Zwischenlagerung transportiert werden müssen. Überblick über die aktuellen Regelwerke und Richtlinien sowie die Zeitpläne für das Finden eines Endlagers für hochradioaktive Stoffe und die damit verbundene verlängerte Zwischenlagerung. Des Weiteren werden das für die verlängerte Zwischenlagerung notwendige Alterungsmanagement und die noch erforderlichen Forschungstätigkeiten vorgestellt. T2 - BGZ Fachworkshop Zwischenlagerung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.11.2021 KW - Transportbehälter KW - Radioaktive Stoffe KW - Transport KW - Zwischenlagerung KW - IAEA PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-60505 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scharpmann, Philippa T1 - Tracing overdischarge-induced degradation in lithium-ion cells using cyclic voltammetry and differential voltage analysis N2 - Differential voltage analysis (DVA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) are powerful electroanalytical techniques. While CV can be used to study the kinetics of electron transfer reactions [1], DVA can visualise phase transitions by correlating the opencircuit voltage and exchanged charge [2]. Recently, DVA receives an increasing attention in the battery community for characterising full-cell setups. In contrast, CV is less prominent for batteries, yet the prevalently used technique for ex-situ characterisations of novel electrode materials in half-cell configuration. In this study, we have investigated the overdischarge process of LiFePO4 pouch cells – which is usually presumed to result in a decomposition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and a corrosion of the copper current collector – in a complementary electrochemical analysis which uses both, CV and DVA in full-cell mode. For this purpose, CV consisting of three low sweep-rate scans and DVA of three low current rate cycles was performed. Degradation was traced by successive CV/DVA sequences during, pre- and post-overdischarge which allowed to pinpoint the features, the limitations, and similarities of both techniques. In this manner, we demonstrate that CV can successfully identify the dynamics of degradation processes, indicating that an irreversible side reaction starts at cell voltages below 0.55 V. For this reason, this study underlines that CV can be effectively used for spotting dynamic degradation mechanisms which are hardy seen in DVA. This may pave the way for further analysis which can be used for fingerprinting characteristic degradation. T2 - 124. Bunsentagung 2025 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 17.03.2025 KW - Differential Voltage Analysis KW - Cyclic Voltammetry KW - Batteries PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos T1 - Towards predictive maintenance of hydrogen pressure vessels based on multi-sensor data fusion and digital twin modeling N2 - Hydrogen pressure vessels are among the most essential components for reliable hydrogen technology. Under current regulations, a mostly conservative strategy is employed, restricting the usage time of hydrogen pressure vessels without providing information on the real remaining lifetime. During the service life, pressure vessels are inspected periodically. However, no established method that can provide continuous monitoring or information on the remaining safe service life of the vessel. In this paper, we propose a sensor network for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of hydrogen pressure vessels where data from all sensors are collected and centrally evaluated. Specifically, we integrate three different SHM sensing technologies namely Guided Wave ultrasonics (GW), Acoustic Emission testing (AT), and distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (FOS). This integrated approach offers significantly more information and could therefore enable a transition from costly and time-consuming periodic inspections to more efficient and modern predictive maintenance strategies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based evaluation. This does not only have a positive effect on the operational costs but enhances safety through early identification of critical conditions in the overall system in real-time. We demonstrate an experimental set-up of a lifetime test where a Type IV Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel (COPV) is investigated under cyclic loading instrumented with AT, FOS, and GW methods. We acquired data from the sensor network until the pressure vessel failed due to material degradation. The data collected using the three different SHM sensor technologies is planned to be evaluated individually, using data fusion, and AI. In the future, we aim to integrate the measurement setup into a hydrogen refueling station with the data stream implemented into a digital signal processing chain and a digital twin. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Hydrogen KW - Ultrasonic guided waves KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Acoustic emission KW - Machine learning KW - Pressure vessels KW - Structural health monitoring PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60277 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Affagard, Jean-Sebastien T1 - Towards a simplifiedmodel of the delayed impact: numerical and experimental outlook N2 - The IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material No. SSR-6 require drop tests for demonstrating the ability of a package to withstand accident conditions of transport. In case a gap exists between the contents and the lid, it can result in a delayed impact of the content onto the lid system during a vertical drop test. The kinematic energy transmitted to the lid in such cases can be significant due to the stiffness of the impact, leading to high stresses in the bolts compared to a configuration without a gap. In the past, IRSN and BAM have individually investigated the modelling of the delayed impact phenomenon. BAM has examined the effects of the delayed impact phenomenon for spent fuel packages in a comparative analysis between experiments and simulations, which was presented at SMIRT 2013. Meanwhile, IRSN’s has developed a simple numerical tool that can quickly evaluate the influence of various parameters before considering a more complex finite element numerical calculation. This tool was presented at PATRAM 2022. In 2023, BAM and IRSN (now ASNR – French nuclear safety and radiation protection authority) decided to jointly pursue their study on the delayed impact phenomenon, incorporating damping effects, by developing new insights and techniques. To this end, a controlled and simplified set of experiments needs to be developed to calibrate and validate the simplified model. These experiments will record velocity, position of parts, strain and accelerations. The parameters and configurations necessary for the development of the mock-up, as well as the placement and quantity of sensors, are determined through extensive pre-calculations using both complex finite element models and the simplified approach. A key challenge involves precisely controlling the drop of the mock-up to accurately replicate the theoretical contact and damping conditions. Advanced sensor technologies will be employed to acquire reliable and sufficient data. The tests are designed and conducted at BAM's TTS drop test facility in collaboration with ASNR. T2 - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Experiments KW - Impact KW - Drop Tower PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63869 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos T1 - Toward a Digital Twin of Hydrogen Pressure Vessels Enabled by Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors N2 - We present a digital replica of a hydrogen pressure vessel enabled by distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS). This digital replica dynamically displays and updates the vessel’s structural condition by calculating strain residuals defined as the difference between the measured DFOS strain and the expected strain based on pressure data. As an example, we show the ability of the DFOS to detect and localize damage caused by drilling six holes into the vessel’s body. This digital replica represents a foundational step toward a fully integrated digital twin for predictive maintenance and remaining lifetime prognosis. T2 - Sensor and Measurement Science International 2025 CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 06.05.2025 KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Hydrogen KW - Digital twins KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Machine learning KW - Predictive maintenance PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63087 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Markötter, Henning T1 - Tomographic Imaging Capabilities with hard X-Rays at BAMline (Bessy II) N2 - The BAMline at the synchrotron X-ray source BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) is supporting researchers especially in materials science. As a non-destructive characterization method, synchrotron X-ray imaging, especially tomography with hard X-Rays, plays an important role in structural 3D characterization. The imaging capabilities allow for in-situ and operando experiments. In this presentation the equipment, data handling pipeline as well as various examples from material science are presented. T2 - Correlative Materials Characterization Workshop 2023 CY - Brno, Czech Republic DA - 09.11.2023 KW - Tomography KW - X-ray imaging KW - Li-ion battery PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58958 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Tightness Verification Procedures of welded Lids for Encapsulations for Damaged Spent Nuclear Fuel in the Design Approval Process of Dual-Purpose Cask N2 - Damaged spent nuclear fuel (DSNF) can be loaded in Germany in dual-purpose casks (DPC) for transport and interim storage. Therefore, special encapsulations are needed to guarantee a safe handling and a reliable tight closure. These encapsulations must be durable and leak-tight for a possible long interim storage term and the transport thereafter. Because components inside the package containment like these special encapsulations are not accessible within periodical inspections of the DPC. Due to the general design of DPCs for standard fuel assemblies, specific requirements needed to be considered for the design of the special encapsulations for DSNF to ensure the loading in existing package designs. Especially the content of the encapsulations with damaged spent nuclear fuel must be avoided to enter in the inner space of the DPC, due to the possible higher amount of corrosive and radioactive material as well as greater quantities of water, which can be trapped in defect fuel rods. The main difference of the e T2 - ASME PVP 2024 CY - Bellevue, WA, USA DA - 28.07.2024 KW - Tightness verification KW - Weld seams KW - Drop tests KW - Encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel KW - Helium leak tests PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61353 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Lars T1 - Thightness Assessment of welded Lids for Encapsulations of damaged Spent Nuclear Fuel in the Design Approval Process of Dual-Purpose Casks (DPC) N2 - The disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Germany is ensured using dual-purpose casks (DPC) for transport and interim storage. The leak tightness of the DPC and resulting containment is one of the most important aspects. Additional encapsulations are required for damaged spent nuclear fuel (DSNF) to guarantee safe handling and a separate tight closure. Due to the general design of DPCs for standard fuel assemblies should special requirements be considered for the design of the encapsulations for DSNF to ensure the loading in existing package designs. The absence of a replaceable sealing in the tightness barrier is the main difference for the encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel. Instead, they are welded shut with a lid. The leak tightness of the encapsulation shall be proven in the design approval process for all transport conditions. This is especially valid for accident conditions of transport, where high internal impact forces may occur. BAM as German competent authority is responsible for the safety assessment of mechanical and thermal design, retention of radioactive material and quality assurance aspects of manufacturing and operation. BAM carried out a comprehensive safety assessment concerning the mechanical package design. As there are no representative standards for verifying the leak tightness of a welded lid, two approaches were being pursued. Established German standards may be used for verifying the leak tightness of a weld - but limited to low stresses. Therefore, physical tests were required for higher impact loads. Representative drop tests and highly sensitive leakage tests were performed. The paper presents an overview of the containment assessment by BAM and points out the main findings for the design of welds regarding leak tightness. Both verification procedures are described, on one hand with German standards for lower loads and on the other hand with physical tests for higher impact loads. The leak tightness of the encapsulation weld could be approved based on leakage tests and a corresponding evaluation for all transport conditions. T2 - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Tightness assessment KW - Welded lids KW - Transport packages KW - Encapsulations PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64017 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tichter, Tim T1 - Thermal Investigations on Battery Safety N2 - The transportation and storage of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) — damaged or in an undefined state — is a major safety concern for regulatory institutions. Damaged LIBs pose the risk of a so-called thermal runaway (TR), a strongly exothermic reaction with the formation of gases, flames or even an explosion of the battery. The relevance of this issue is underlined by the number of fires that have occurred at recycling centers in the recent past. One solution to circumvent a TR is given by thermal passivation (i.e. deep-freezing) of batteries. Practically, this method is already used and temperatures below -60 °C are considered safe. In this talk, the parameter battery safety is revisited under the premise of heat-transfer and activation energies. At first, mechanically initiated TRs are compared for different cell chemistries, cell sizes, and temperatures, revealing that the threshold of thermal passivation is vastly system specific. Combining these results with differential scanning calorimetry underlines that the hazard potential of a battery is not necessarily eliminated by freezing the electrolyte. Instead, the potential for a TR needs to be regarded as a multivariant function of energy content, cell-voltage, chemical stability, and electrokinetic performance. Since the latter parameter is known to be vastly temperature-dependent, it is addressed in detail by a low-temperature electrokinetic study of different types of LIB. In this context, it is demonstrated that batteries are kinetically active even at temperatures well below the freezing point of the electrolyte and that their instantaneous power output is resembled sufficiently via Arrhenius´ law. To get a detailed understanding of cell-specific heat release during and prior to a TR, data from accelerated rate calorimetry will be discussed for various cell types at different state of charge and state of health. This will eventually provide a conclusive picture how a cell-internal TR-propagation takes place and which parameters need to be deliberately tuned under the premise of battery safety. T2 - 26. Kalorimetrietge CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 11.06.2025 KW - Thermal passivation of batteries KW - Critically defective batteries KW - Differential scanning calorimetry KW - High-speed nail penetration KW - Accelerated rate calorimetry PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65058 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg W. A1 - Günzel, Stephan T1 - The maximum acceptable consequence limit as a control instrument N2 - The presentation starts with the first agreement of making a national attempt for the introduction of a pV-limit for hydrogen transport. It explains aspects of the technical development, provides an impression of catastrophic incidents, and explains the difference between risk control and consequence limitation. Then the process of determining consequences and the result from the discussion at the UN-WG are explained. The next part summarises the approach for counting the number of impacted persons as a function of the model of pressure wave, the pressure peak, the limits of injured persons and the population density. Finally, the latest state of the discussion and the subsequent recommendations for a pV-value and the adequate phrases for explanation are introduced. T2 - 29th BAM-DIN-IGV-DVFG-Meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 23.02.2022 KW - Hydrogen KW - Pressure recepacles KW - Consequence limit KW - Risk control KW - Population density KW - Pressure wave PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54608 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geisler, J. T1 - The Influence of Interface Modification on Gassing of Sodium Ion Battery Anodes N2 - This flash talk will briefly introduce the DEMS method[3,4] and highlight a recent piece of our research from the DIALYSORB project. Fitting to the main topic of the conference, interfaces, we will present and the measurement technique to understand the side reactions occurring at this interface and recent data on anode materials with designed interface and interphase. T2 - Humboldt Universität zu Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.09.2024 KW - Gasing of Sodium KW - Ion Battery KW - Anodes PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60811 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tichter, Tim T1 - The DSDC Algorithm - A Universal Strategy for Simulating Voltammetry of Rough and Porous Electrodes N2 - Porous electrodes or electrodes with rough surfaces offer a multitude of tailored applications. The theoretical treatment of such structures is, however, challenging since their voltammetric profile is a convolution of the time-dependent current with an inherently random mass-transfer function. Since the latter quantity has no analytical solution, the classical convolutive techniques cannot be applied. Therefore, simulations have been based on severe simplifications of the diffusion space [1,2] or were performed by means of digital simulation. Unfortunately, the latter approach becomes computationally prohibitive when a large and/or highly resolved, three-dimensional diffusion space needs to be considered. To mitigate these problems, we introduce the digital simulation, deconvolution, convolution (DSDC) algorithm, consisting of four successive steps [3]. Firstly, the three-dimensional image of the electrode under investigation is extracted via micro X-ray computed tomography (µ-CT) or atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Subsequently, the purely mass-transfer controlled current of this spatial template is generated by means of digital simulation. In the third and fourth steps, the mass-transfer function is extracted for a set of discrete points in time by numerical deconvolution and finally used for classical convolutive simulations. In this manner, any simplification of the diffusion domain becomes obsolete and the advantages of digital simulation and convolutive modelling are most favourably combined. Finally, this DSDC-algorithm provides an interdisciplinary connection of ex-situ imaging and in-situ electrochemistry which results in excellent agreement of simulated and experimentally acquired data. T2 - Bunsentagung 2024 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 25.03.2024 KW - Porous Electrodes KW - Convolutive Modeling KW - Digital Simulation KW - Diffusion KW - Redox-Flow Batteries PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62303 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Tetrapyrrolic Nitrogen Doped Carbons by Pyrolytic Template Ion Reactions as Platform for Electrocatalysis N2 - Atomically dispersed M-N-C catalysts such as Fe-N-Cs are most promising alternatives for precious metal-based catalysts for energy conversion reactions. Early reports on such materials date back to the 1960´s, when Jasinski pioneered the research based on tetrapyrrolic phthalocyanine macrocycles which were inspired by natural transition metal porphyrin complexes present in enzyme active-sites. For decades, the selective synthesis of these catalysts was complicated by the formation of side phases due to the harsh reaction conditions facilitating side phase formation. In 2018, we introduced a mild procedure, which is conservative toward the carbon support and leads to atomically dispersed Fe-N4 site formation at temperatures as low as 80 °C in a wet-chemical step, essentially decoupling the preparation of the nitrogen-doped carbon (NDC) backbone from the preparation of the active-sites. The key concept therein is the so-called active-site imprinting into the NDC backbone using pyrolytic template ion reactions, allowing for high concentrations of N4 sites resulting in more than 3 at.% of Fe in atomically dispersed phase. Using the same precursor that is used for the preparation of phthalocyanines, we were able to produce tetrapyrrolic NDCs as a materials platform to synthesize atomically-dispersed single-site Fe-N-Cs comprising tetrapyrrolic FeN4 complexes by ion-exchange reactions. The tetrapyrrolic Fe-N-C derivatives are highly active and extraordinary selective electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic. The mere tetrapyrrolic NDC are likewise highly active ORR-catalysts in alkaline. The well-defined and homogeneous active-site structure allows to quantify the intrinsic catalytic activity of the materials in acid and base, reveal insights into the electrocatalytic mechanism and to reveal distinct degradation mechanism upon storage and electrochemical cycling. Herein, the general synthetic strategy will be discussed mainly based on Zn-ion templating towards Fe-N-C catalysts. The catalytic active-sites will be discussed regarding structure and potential as fuel cell catalyst. T2 - Carbon Conference 2025 CY - Saint-Malo, France DA - 29.06.2025 KW - Electrocatalysis KW - Oxygen Reduction Reaction KW - Noble Metal Free KW - Nitrogen Doped Carbon PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64968 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaunich, Matthias T1 - Tests of metallic seals at Bam 3.4 performed over more than 15 years N2 - The investigation of the long-term performance of sealing systems employed in containers for radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is one research focus area for division 3.4 “Safety of Storage Containers” at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) in Germany. The time dependant behaviour of metallic seals, which are employed in interim storage casks for used fuel and high active waste, is of high importance for ensuring safe enclosure. Therefore, investigations on these systems were started at BAM to get a general understanding of the relevant processes. Our investigations comprise investigations on different parameters which influence the seal performance and the main part is focussed on the time and temperature dependent behaviour. In this contribution an overview of the performed tests and their respective results will be given. T2 - 5th sealing workshop by Maestral CY - Avignon, France DA - 05.11.2024 KW - Metal seal KW - Aging KW - Interim storage PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62048 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -