TY - CONF A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - Fire protection systems for above ground storage tanks N2 - Liquefied propane gas (LPG) tanks in a fully engulfing accidental fire experience a fast increase in internal pressure. The result is often a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) that can result in a large fireball and flying debris over a radius of more than 100 meters. In the last 30 years BAM has carried out more than 30 real scale fire tests on propane storage vessels across three test sites. The primary research goal was to identify systems that can delay or prevent a BLEVE. Early studies started with water deluge systems, and have since moved on to consider alternative protection systems. It has been shown that an unprotected vessel fails within 10 minutes or less. Tests with different oil and propane fueled fires have given an overview on possible real accidents involving full-engulfing scenarios. LPG tanks of various sizes (2.7 m³, 3.6 m³, 4.8 m³, 6.7 m³) were used with different filling levels. Numerous protection systems, ranging from active systems like water systems to passive thick- and thin-film layers. Also, the degree of thickness of these layers was variated. Pressure relief valves (PRV) have also been investigated, both alone and in combination with protection systems. This paper gives an overview of the work performed by BAM in the field of BLEVE prevention of protecting system since the last 30 years. It has been shown that e.g. with a full applied coating degree on the tank with and without PRV can be reached an exposition in a test fire scenario a duration of more than 60min. For partly coated tanks with and without PRV the duration time is like an unprotected vessel. Furthermore, it could be shown that the active water system also protects with technically correct design. T2 - Loss Prevention 2019 CY - Delft, The Netherlands DA - 16.06.2019 KW - Fire protection systems KW - Popane storage tanks PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49022 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike T1 - Classification of peroxyacetic acids N2 - Review of classification of peroxyacetic acids according to the legal regulations of chemicals substances and dangerous goods. T2 - IGUS EOS Meeting CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 21.05.2019 KW - Einstufung von Peressigsäuren PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49015 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grunewald, Thomas T1 - Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz: Zündgefahren durch Funken - Grundlagen und Maßnahmen zum Explosionsschutz N2 - Bei Geräten und Maschinen zur bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen muss in der europäischen Union eine Zündgefahrenbewertung durchgeführt werden. Dabei müssen unter anderem die Gefahren von nichtelektrischen Zündquellen betrachtet werden, zu denen auch die mechanischen Schlagvorgänge gehören. Bei Schlagvorgängen kommt es infolge des Zusammenstoßes zweier Werkstücke zu einer Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie. Dabei erhöht sich die Temperatur der Werkstoffe an der Kontaktstelle und es kommt unter Umständen zu einem Abtrennvorgang kleiner Partikel erhöhter Temperatur. Sowohl die heißen Kontaktstellen als auch die abgetrennten Partikel können eine wirksame Zündquelle für ein explosionsfähiges Gasgemisch darstellen. Zur Festlegung von Grenzwerten wurden in der Norm EN 13463-1:2009 die Gasgemische anhand ihrer Explosionsgruppe klassifiziert und zu jeder Gruppe die maximale Energie des Schlagvorgangs festgelegt, unter derer die Entstehung einer wirksamen Zündquelle als unwahrscheinlich angenommen werden kann. T2 - Ausbildung zum Explosionsschutzbeauftragten (Veranst.-Nr. H050-08-064-9), Haus der Technik (HdT) - Außeninstitut der RWTH Aachen und der Universität Duisburg-Essen CY - Timmendorfer Strand, Germany DA - 20.08.2019 KW - Mechanisch erzeugte Funken KW - Nichtelektrische Funken KW - Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz KW - Schlagfunken KW - Funken PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49026 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robens-Radermacher, Annika T1 - Efficient reliability analysis by combining uncertain measurement data, Bayesian model updating and reduced order modeling N2 - The efficiency of structural model updating and the subsequent reliability analysis is increased by using the advantages of reduced order models. Coupling a reduced model of the structure of interest with a Bayesian model updating approach or an reliability analysis to estimate the failure probability reduce the computational cost of such complex analyses drastically. T2 - 8th Workshop on High-Dimensional Approximation (HDA) 2019 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Reduced order modeling KW - Bayesian model updating PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig T1 - Transport and reconfiguration of moisture in HPC due to unilateral heating N2 - Explosive spalling is caused by, among others, the thermohydraulic spalling mechanism. During this process, vaporization, dehydration, moisture-transport and condensation processes interact. As a result, a drying and dehydration zone as well as a saturated zone, known as a moisture clog, are observed inside the unilaterally-heated concrete. The presented research is focused on the experimental investigation of the underlying thermohydraulic processes. To investigate these, a test methodology based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was developed. Thereby, the X-ray CT scans are carried out simultaneously during the application of a defined unilateral-heating regime on a specially-constructed specimen. This miniaturized specimen, equipped with a double-layer casing, reproduces the condition within a planar, unilaterally-heated building component. A preliminary test methodology and the first experimental results were presented at the 5th International Workshop on Concrete Spalling in Borås, Sweden (2017). The contribution for the upcoming workshop presents an improved version of this test methodology and new results for a high-performance concrete (HPC) mixture exposed to temperatures up to 500 °C. Regarding the CT measurements, a higher time-resolution of 15 min was achieved and a quantification of the moisture changes was implemented. Due to an increase in signal quality of the NMR measurements, a pore-size specific moisture distribution can now be resolved. This allows to conclude about the moisture reconfiguration between small gel pores and larger interhydrate pores. Additionally, the NMR measurement are no longer limited to first 2.5 cm below the heated surface but a one-dimensional moisture distribution can now be estimated over the whole 10 cm long specimen. The presented results demonstrate that the combination of X-ray CT and NMR measurements enables to image and quantify the thermally-induced moisture transport and reconfiguration from small gel pores up to macro pores. This provides important insights into the thermohydraulic damage mechanism and leads to a better understanding of spalling avoidance strategies, like the addition of polypropylene fibres. T2 - 6th International Workshop on Concrete Spalling due to fire exposure CY - Sheffield, UK DA - 19.09.2019 KW - Moisture clog KW - X-ray CT KW - NMR KW - Moisture transport KW - HPC PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49159 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wagner, Adrian T1 - Innovation und Sicherheit durch den Einsatz von Duplexstählen in Straßentunneln N2 - Ziel des Projektes ist die Qualifizierung von Duplexstählen in Tunnelbauwerken um die Einsatzmöglichkeiten alternativer nichtrostender Stähle zu den bislang gebräuchlichen rostfreien Edelstählen 1.4404 und 1.4571 zu eruieren. Da Duplexstähle im Vergleich zu austenitischen Stählen über eine doppelt so hohe Festigkeit verfügen, können Bauteile schlanker konstruiert werden, wodurch Material eingespart werden kann. Neben der Wirtschaftlichkeit muss die Dauerhaftigkeit untersucht werden. Dazu wurden speziell konzipierte Wand- und Deckenracks mit unterschiedlichen metallenen Werkstoffen und Oberflächen hergestellt und in den Tunnelbauwerken montiert. Nach bestimmten Auslagerungszeiten von bis zu drei Jahren werden die Proben demontiert und auf ihr Korrosionsverhalten untersucht. Ein weiteres Ziel neben der Qualifizierung der Werkstoffgruppe sind die Reduktion der Instandsetzungs- und Wartungsmaßnahmen der Tunnelbetreiber T2 - 3. Tunnelsymposium in Hallein CY - Hallein, Austria DA - 26.09.2019 KW - Duplex KW - Tunnel KW - Korrosion PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49165 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Impact of environmental based effects on SHM strategies N2 - Anwendungen der Bauwerksüberwachung werden häufig stark von jahreszeitlichen Einflüssen wie Temperaturbeanspruchungen beeinflusst. Der Beitrag diskutiert Probleme und Lösungen zum Umgang mit diesen Einflüssen. T2 - SEMC 2019 CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 02.09.2019 KW - SHM Environmental PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49163 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vössing, Konrad T1 - Contactless testing of wood-based materials with novel air-coupled ultrasonic transducers N2 - The detection of delamination, rot and cracks causing a decrease of strength in wooden construction elements is a key task for nondestructive testing (NDT). Air-coupled ultrasound (ACU) is used to detect flaws without having to provide contact to the surface or otherwise affect the object. Novel ferroelectric transducers with a high signal-to-noise ratio enable an accurate flaw detection. Transducers made of cellular polypropylene (PP) are suitable for characterizing wood-based materials (WBM) because their extremely low Young’s modulus and low density mean a favorable acoustic impedance for the transmission of ultrasonic waves between the transducer and air. The transducers can be applied during the production of WBM and during its service life. The device enables a fast in-situ recognition of defects with frequencies between 90 kHz and 250 kHz. Measurements can be performed in through transmission for a high resolution or in pulse-echo technique in case of one-sided access at the expense of reduced signal strength. Ultrasonic quality assurance for wood is an important attempt to increase the acceptance of wooden structures and towards sustainability in civil engineering in general. T2 - 21. International Nondestructive Testing and evaluation of Wood Symposium CY - Freiburg, Germany DA - 24.09.2019 KW - Air-coupled ultrasound KW - Defect detection KW - Nondestructive Testing KW - Timber PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49170 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Jan P. T1 - Applying a two-layer quadrupole model for quantitative thermography at overload-induced delaminations in GFRP N2 - The applicability of 1D-quadrupole-model on the depth estimation of overload-induced delaminations is tested in this contribution. While classical 1D-methods like Pulsed Phase Transformation and Thermographic Signal Reconstruction determine the depth of a defect by one parameter, a two-layer quadrupole model provides two parameters: depth and thermal resistance. In addition, the convectional losses at the surfaces may be considered. The defect investigated is a large-scale delamination in glass fibre reinforced polymer generated by tension overload. T2 - Advanced Infrared Technology & Applications (AITA) CY - Florenz, Italy DA - 16.9.2019 KW - Aktive Thermographie KW - Nicht-lineare Regression KW - 1D-Simulation KW - GFK PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49133 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herrmann, Ralf T1 - Introduction and Current Research in Wind Energy N2 - The EERA Wind is a Joint Program for coordination of research in wind energy. In the subprogram SP7 "Structures, materials and components" BAM introduces its current research topics in the field of on- and offshore wind energy and structural health monitoring. T2 - EERA Joint Program Wind: SP7 WORKSHOP on Structures, Materials and Components CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande DA - 24.09.2019 KW - Offshore KW - Wind energy KW - EERA Joint Program PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49203 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Palkowski, Carsten T1 - Dynamic Test Method for Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners N2 - Die bisher üblichen Verfahren zur Bewertung der Effizienz einer Wärmepumpe durch Labormessungen berücksichtigen kaum transiente Zustände. Können dynamische Bewertungsverfahren im Labor ein realistischeres Verhalten im Feld wiederspiegeln und damit zu sinnvolleren Entscheidungen führen? N2 - The commonly used methods for evaluating the seasonal performance of heat pumps in the laboratory do not consider transient conditions. Will dynamic test methods be able to better reflect real-life behavior in the field and thus lead to more appropriate decision-making? T2 - EHPA MCO CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 10.10.2019 KW - Heat pump KW - Inverter-type air conditioner KW - Seasonal performance KW - Energy label PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Stability and large deformations of slender structures supported by soil materials N2 - Stabilitätsprobleme und große Deformationen schlanker, vorwiegend stahlbaulicher Strukturen sind in einigen Fällen stark von der Belastung und Stützung der Struktur durch den Baugrund abhängig. Der Vortrag verbindet Forschungsansätze zum Thema. T2 - Colloquium on Geotechnical Engineering CY - KIT Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 26.09.2019 KW - Stability Buckling soil-structure-interaction piles offshore PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49162 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz A1 - Schoppa, Andre T1 - Abteilung 3 und Arbeitsbereich „Themenfeld Energie Gase" N2 - Vorstellung der Aufgaben-/Forschungs- und Prüfungsschwerpunkte des Arbeitsbereichs "Themenfeld Energie Gase" T2 - Besuch Expertengruppe der BG RCI CY - BAM Berlin, Germany DA - 15.05.2019 KW - Arbeitsbereichs "Themenfeld Energie Gase" PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49199 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Jan P. T1 - Ein Blick unter die Oberfläche von Windkraftanlagen durch Thermografie N2 - Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen sind hohen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Nach Jahren der Nutzung können Klebeverbindungen unter der Oberfläche versagen. Thermografie soll die Zustandsüberwachung während der gesamten Lebensdauer verbessern. N2 - Rotor blades of wind power generators are subject to high strains. After years of use, adhesive bonds under the surface may fail. Thermography is intended to improve condition monitoring during the entire service life. T2 - Hannover Messe 2019 CY - Hanover, Germany DA - 1.4.2019 KW - Wiederkehrende Prüfung KW - Thermografie KW - Klebeverbindungen KW - Rotorblatt KW - GFK PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49160 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Kriegsmann, Andreas T1 - WP8 - RCS standardisation work N2 - Achievements and next steps within WP8 "RCS standardisation work" in the TAHYA Project. T2 - TAHYA Meeting PSB#2 CY - Saarburg, Germany DA - 11.06.2019 KW - TAHYA project PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49190 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Pressure cylinders for the transport of dangerous goods N2 - Introduction of the Department 3 and the competence and scientific focus of the working group focus area energy - gases for external visitors. T2 - Besuch einer Studentengruppe der AGH Krakau CY - BAM Berlin, Germany DA - 23.09.2019 KW - Introduction Department 3 KW - Focus area energy gases PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49193 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duffner, Eric T1 - System validation and safety aspects N2 - Overview of the achievements, issues and next steps with in TAHYA Project for WP5 T2 - TAHYA meeting PSB#2 CY - Saarburg, Germany DA - 11.06.2019 KW - TAHYA Project PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49188 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Kriegsmann, Andreas A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - WP5 - System validation phase and safety aspects N2 - Objectives, tasks, achievements, ongoing work and next steps within WP5 in the TAHYA Project during the first 18 month T2 - TAHYA Midterm review meeting CY - Brüssel, Belgium DA - 26.10.2019 KW - TAHYA project PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49192 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Package testing of a dual purpose cask for SNF from german research reactors N2 - A new dual purpose cask design was developed for the safe transport and interim storage of spent fuel elements of German research reactors. In the framework of the safety assessment within the licensing procedure the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) as competent authority performed a series of drop tests according to the IAEA-Regulations. The package consists of a cylindrical thick-walled ductile cast iron cask body closed by a double lid system with metallic seals. A lid and bottom sided impact limiter consisting of a wood/steel construction limit the mechanical impact loading. The full-scale test specimen was equipped with a basket and assembled with dummy-fuel elements. The package and test specimen, respectively have a total mass of approximately 24 metric tons. The mechanical test program included three 9m free drop tests, in horizontal, vertical and oblique cask orientation onto the lid system. Additionally, a 1m-puncture drop test followed the horizontal drop test to consider an IAEA-test sequence. The horizontal and vertical drop tests were performed at a temperature of minus 40°C. During the oblique drop test the upper impact limiter was heated to +80°C. The tests were conducted onto an unyielding target, fulfilling the requirements of the IAEA regulations. The test specimen was considerably instrumented with strain gauges and accelerometers. Transient strains at selected locations of the inner and outer container walls, of the primary and secondary lid, as well as of the corresponding lid bolts were measured during the drop tests. Furthermore, decelerations in different locations at the cask body and the lids were measured. The complex geometrical deformation of the impact limiters due to the impact were determined by optical 3d- measurements using the projected fringe method in combination with multi-image photogrammetry. Before and after the drop tests the leakage rate of the lid system was determined by helium leakage testing. The experimental results contribute to the evaluation of the package response to mechanical tests, demonstrating safety under normal and accident conditions of transport. Especially to the verification of the dynamic finiteelement model of the package used in the package design safety report. The paper describes the performance of the drop tests, selected test results focusing on the lid screws and the cask body and the deformation of the impact limiters as well as impact kinematics, respectively. T2 - Workshop ORNL/BAM CY - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA DA - 11.04.2019 KW - Package testing KW - Drop test PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50621 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Package testing of a dual purpose cask for SNF from german research reactors N2 - A new dual purpose cask design was developed for the safe transport and interim storage of spent fuel elements of German research reactors. In the framework of the safety assessment within the licensing procedure the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) as competent authority performed a series of drop tests according to the IAEA-Regulations. The package consists of a cylindrical thick-walled ductile cast iron cask body closed by a double lid system with metallic seals. A lid and bottom sided impact limiter consisting of a wood/steel construction limit the mechanical impact loading. The full-scale test specimen was equipped with a basket and assembled with dummy-fuel elements. The package and test specimen, respectively have a total mass of approximately 24 metric tons. The mechanical test program included three 9m free drop tests, in horizontal, vertical and oblique cask orientation onto the lid system. Additionally, a 1m-puncture drop test followed the horizontal drop test to consider an IAEA-test sequence. The horizontal and vertical drop tests were performed at a temperature of minus 40°C. During the oblique drop test the upper impact limiter was heated to +80°C. The tests were conducted onto an unyielding target, fulfilling the requirements of the IAEA regulations. The test specimen was considerably instrumented with strain gauges and accelerometers. Transient strains at selected locations of the inner and outer container walls, of the primary and secondary lid, as well as of the corresponding lid bolts were measured during the drop tests. Furthermore, decelerations in different locations at the cask body and the lids were measured. The complex geometrical deformation of the impact limiters due to the impact were determined by optical 3d- measurements using the projected fringe method in combination with multi-image photogrammetry. Before and after the drop tests the leakage rate of the lid system was determined by helium leakage testing. The experimental results contribute to the evaluation of the package response to mechanical tests, demonstrating safety under normal and accident conditions of transport. Especially to the verification of the dynamic finiteelement model of the package used in the package design safety report. The paper describes the performance of the drop tests, selected test results focusing on the lid screws and the cask body and the deformation of the impact limiters as well as impact kinematics, respectively. T2 - IHLWM 2019 CY - Knoxville, TN, USA DA - 14.04.2019 KW - Package testing KW - Drop test PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50620 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -