TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Artificial weathering including acidic deposition T2 - 3rd European Weathering Symposium CY - Kraków, Poland DA - 2007-09-12 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15907 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lauer, Franziska T1 - Artificial pollen grain mixtures analyzed with multivariate MALDI-TOF MS imaging N2 - Anemophilous plants produce pollen grains, which have to be monitored to provide an information network for persons suffering from an allergy. The current conventional characterization and identification of pollen is performed by time-consuming microscopic examinations on the basis of the genus-specific pollen shape and size. These examinations are in need of proficient researchers, are not statistically validated, and additionally rely on relatively inaccurate observations of the pollination process. A variety of new analytical approaches have been proposed in order to develop a fast and reliable pollen identification using specific molecular information. Recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was initially applied for the rapid investigation of such complex biological samples. The combination of the obtained patterns of pollen mass spectra and multivariate statistics provide a powerful tool for identifying taxonomic relationships. Here promising results obtained by the reduction and optimization of sample preparation prior to MALDI-TOF MS mapping are presented. Based on a novel application of conductive carbon tape as target, the signal information of the species-specific mass peak patterns of pollen was enhanced. This leads to a clear separation in a subsequent pattern analysis, which is important when analyzing pollen grains in natural species mixtures. As a proof-of-concept, artificial pollen mixtures were investigated by MALDI imaging and evaluated by innovative multivariate data analysis strategies, to assign individual pollen species in the mixtures. Our results can be used to improve the taxonomic differentiation and identification of pollen species and might be useful for the development of a routine method to identify pollen based on mass spectrometry. T2 - ANAKON 2017 CY - Tübingen, Germany DA - 03.04.2017 KW - Sample pretreatment KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - HCA and PCA imaging KW - Pollen PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-39989 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lukas, M. T1 - Artificial plastic aging as a framework for microplastics ecotoxicity evaluation N2 - Microplastics are widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments, up to now less is known on toxicological impacts under realistic conditions. Research so far has focused mainly on the impacts on organisms by fresh plastic fragments or beats. However, plastic materials found in the environment are mainly a mixture of different polymers and additives and particularly degraded during aging processes. Although especially oxidized degradation products might escape from plastic materials during aging, there is a lack of information on potentially adverse effects on aquatic biota. The latter is of particular interest as oxidized chemicals become more water soluble due to higher polarity and are more bio-available, therefore. The present study focused on plastic leachates of polystyrene (PS) and polylactic acid (PLA), which were derived from alternating stress by hydrolysis and UV radiation. Test specimen of PS, PLA or PS/PLA blends (each 50 %) were alternatingly maintained in water at 45 °C for five days and UV radiated at 45 °C for two days, for in total six weeks. Ecotoxicological effects of potentially generated degradation products of plastic materials in the storage water (mineral water, pH: 7.2) were detected by algae growth inhibition tests with Desmodesmus suspicatus and photosystem II inhibition tests with Raphidocelis subcapitata. Results clearly indicate inhibitory effects on algae growth by contaminants in the storage water of stressed plastic materials with increasing growth inhibition of proceeding hydrolysis and UV stress times. Here, different plastics cause variable responses of algal growth. First chemical analyses indicate dissolved monomers and their oxidation products of plastic materials as possible driver of detected ecotoxicological effects, since detected microplastic particles do not seem to harm algae. The existing data highlight the relevance of plastic aging as a framework for microplastic ecotoxicity evaluation and allow a proof of concept. T2 - 37. DGL-Tagung, Universität Konstanz CY - Konstanz, Germany DA - 19.09.2022 KW - Microplastic KW - Ecotoxicity PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55870 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lukas, M. T1 - Artificial Plastic Ageing as a Framework for Microplastics Ecotoxicity Evaluation N2 - Microplastics are widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments, up to now less is known on toxicological impacts under realistic conditions. Research so far has focused mainly on the impacts on organisms by fresh plastic fragments or beats. However, plastic materials found in the environment are mainly a mixture of different polymers and particularly degraded during aging processes. Although especially oxidized degradation products might escape from plastic materials during aging, there is a lack of information on potentially adverse effects on aquatic biota. The latter is of particular interest as oxidized chemicals become more water soluble due to higher polarity and are more bio-available, therefore. The present study focussed on plastic leachates of polystyrene (PS) and polylactic acid (PLA), which were derived from alternating stress by hydrolysis and UV radiation. Test specimen of PS, PLA or PS/PLA blends (each 50 %) were alternatingly maintained in water at 45 °C for five days and UV radiated at 45 °C for two days, for in total six weeks. Ecotoxicological effects of potentially generated degradation products of plastic materials in the storage water (mineral water, pH: 7.2) were detected by algae growth inhibition tests with Desmodesmus suspicatus and photosystem II inhibition tests with Raphidocelis subcapitata. Results clearly indicate inhibitory effects on algae growth by contaminants in the storage water of stressed plastic materials with increasing growth inhibition of proceeding hydrolysis and UV stress times. Here, different plastics cause variable responses of algal growth. First chemical analyses indicate dissolved monomers and their oxidation products of plastic materials as possible driver of detected ecotoxicological effects, since detected microplastic particles do not seem to harm algae. The existing data highlight the relevance of plastic aging as a framework for microplastic ecotoxicity evaluation and allow a proof of concept. T2 - SETAC 2023 CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 30.04.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Ecotoxicity KW - Plastic aging KW - Algae growth inhibition tests PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57501 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kowarik, Stefan T1 - Artificial intelligence, the end of the world, and surface science N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and neural networks have revolutionized fields such as self-driving cars or machine translation. Indeed, AI has progressed so far that scientists such as Stephen Hawking now fear that it may destroy humankind altogether. So, let’s get started and use AI in surface science. Here we train neural networks to use raw measurement data as input and immediately return the desired output parameters. We discuss the example of X-ray reflectivity measurements of ultrathin films, which contain reciprocal space information and must traditionally be fitted with dynamic scattering theory. Instead, we train the neural network with simulated X-ray data of multilayer structures and then apply it to measurement data. The neural network yields high accuracy results, is robust against noise, and performs significantly faster than fitting algorithms in real-time experiments. The presented neural network data analysis is becoming increasingly attractive, because free software has become very accessible and specialized computer chips (NPU) are currently being rolled out. T2 - DPG Früjahrstagung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.03.2018 KW - X-ray reflectivity KW - AI KW - Machine learning KW - Neural network PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völker, Christoph T1 - Artificial intelligence in NDT (AI NDT) a networking workshop N2 - Data-driven research is considered the new paradigm in science. In this field, data is the new resource from which knowledge is extracted that is too complex for traditional methods. Several factors such as national funding and advances in information technology, are driving the development. In particular, the creation of databases and the analysis of data with artifical intelligence are playing an important role in establishing the new paradigm. However, there are numerous challenges that must be overcome to realize the full potential of data-driven methods. This talk sets the stage for the upcoming workshop by reviewing some of the historical developments and the current state of data-driven science in NDT and materials science. T2 - Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in NDT (AI-NDT) CY - Online meeting DA - 30.10.2020 KW - Data Science KW - Materials Informatics KW - NDT PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51812 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Artificial intelligence for spectroscopy examples from BAMline N2 - Various applications for artificial intelligence in the context of spectroscopy will be presented. in particular, examples from bamline will be featured. After a short introduction to synchrotron radiation, artificial intelligence algorithms for the quantification of X-ray fluorescence measurement are discussed. In the second example, information retrieval by natural language processing is reviewed. As a last example the reconstruction of measurements with the X-ray color camera and coded apertures is presented. T2 - Seminar Strahlenphysikalische Anwendungen in Technik und Medizin CY - ATi Wien, Austria DA - 22.01.2020 KW - Machine learning KW - Natural language processing KW - Neural networks KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51891 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fricke, F. A1 - Meyer, Klas T1 - Artificial Intelligence for Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy N2 - Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) are critical components of every industrial chemical process as they provide information on the concentrations of individual compounds and by-products. These processes are carried out manually and by a specialist, which takes a substantial amount of time and prevents their utilization for real-time closed-loop process control. This paper presents recent advances from two projects that use Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to address the challenges of automation and performance-efficient realizations of MS and NMR. In the first part, a complete toolchain has been developed to develop simulated spectra and train ANNs to identify compounds in MS. In the second part, a limited number of experimental NMR spectra have been augmented by simulated spectra to train an ANN with better prediction performance and speed than state-of-theart analysis. These results suggest that, in the context of the digital transformation of the process industry, we are now on the threshold of a possible strongly simplified use of MS and MRS and the accompanying data evaluation by machine-supported procedures, and can utilize both methods much wider for reaction and process monitoring or quality control. T2 - 2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) CY - Online meeting DA - 01.02.2021 KW - Industry 4.0 KW - Cyber-Physical Systems KW - Artificial Neural Networks KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy PY - 2021 UR - www.date-conference.com AN - OPUS4-52181 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hübert, Thomas T1 - Artificial fruits - post harvest online monitoring of agricultural food by measuring humidity and temperature T2 - TEMPMEKO+ISHM 2010 (Joint International Symposium on Temperature, Humidity, Moisture and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science) CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 2010-05-31 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21368 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kästner, Claudia T1 - Artificial Digestion of Colloidal Silver Monitored by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering N2 - In the last decade the utilization of silver nanoparticles in consumer related products is enhanced. Therefore, many studies focus on investigations regarding their toxicological potential. This includes investigations concerning uptake, distribution and excretion of the particles. So far, little attention was paid to changes of physical and chemical properties in the human body. During processes like digestion, the question arises whether they can pass this barrier in a nanoscale form. In this study we analytically monitored the changes in the size distribution of colloidal silver during an artificial digestion process with the help of small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Therefore, we synthesized polyacrylic acid stabilized ultra-small silver nanoparticles with a radius of 3 nm and a size distribution width of 18%. The artificial digestion process mimics the gastro-intestinal passage and simulates the oral, gastric and small intestinal conditions. Additionally, food components like oil, starch, glucose and skimmed milk powder are used to provide a preferably realistic environment. In absence of any food components the low pH initiates aggregation of the particles in the stomach. However, the particles unexpectedly stabilize in a defined cluster form with a mean radius of 12 nm. By the use of the food components oil and starch we observed that the particles are dispersed again. Now we found a bimodal size distribution of primary particles and aggregates. In contrast to that, with skimmed milk powder only a slight aggregation occurs in the stomach. In the gastric tract the particle distribution is stabilized at a mean volume weighted radius of 5 nm. Hence, skimmed milk powder acts as a colloidal stabilizer. For comparison we also used silver nitrate as a control substance. Surprisingly, we observed a formation of nanoparticles already in the saliva. During the digestion process the distribution narrows and finally in the intestine it shows a stable distribution with a mean volume weighted radius of 3 nm and a small fraction of aggregates. These results indicate that the silver nanoparticles can pass the digestion process in a nanoscale form but undergo a transformation in the size distribution. However, even from pure silver nitrate nanoparticle formation can be observed. This sketches a complex mechanism in which not only food components but also silver ions cause changes in nanoparticle size and aggregation. T2 - 6th International Colloids Conference CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.06.2016 KW - SAXS KW - Artificial digestion KW - Silver nanoparticles PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36888 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sieg, H. T1 - Artificial digestion of aluminium-containing nanomaterials and their effects on the gastrointestinal tract in vitro N2 - Although aluminium is one of the most common elements in the biosphere, up to now little is known about its impact on human health. aluminium and its chemical derivatives are highly abundant in food, food contact materials and consumer products. Humans are exposed to aluminium via the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). Exposition can change substantially due to consumer behavior since aluminium is also a compound of numerous food additives. Recently, aluminium exposition is increasingly considered to cohere with cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Lately, due to an increasing attentiveness on this topic, limiting values for food additives have been tightened by the EFSA. However, cellular effects of aluminium and especially aluminium-containing nanomaterials, that represent a significant part of chemicals found in food products, are widely unknown and in the focus of our research activities, for example in the bilateral SolNanoTOX project. We established an in vitro simulation system of the GI tract, where nanomaterials undergo the different physiological, chemical and proteinbiochemical conditions of saliva, gastric juice and the intestine. The artificially digested nanomaterials, as well as soluble aluminium chloride as ionic control substance, were subjected to several analytical and biochemical methods to characterize their change of appearance and their cytotoxic effects on intestinal cellular models. We observed the fate of the nanomaterials during typical pH-values of saliva, gastric and intestinal juice with Dynamic light scattering measurements and ICP-MS in the single particle mode. After observable disappearance at pH 2 the particles recovered in the simulated intestinal fluid. The simulation of the GI tract, mainly the change of pH settings, can lead to a certain chemical activation of aluminium that can increase bioavailability in the intestine after oral uptake of aluminium-containing food products. In vitro assays like CTB, MTT and cellular impedance measurements showed that there were no acute cytotoxic effects measurable after a period up to 48h after incubation, comparable to undigested particles. In contrast, high amounts of aluminium ions showed synergistic effects on cell viability compared to non-digested aluminium ions. Although toxicological potential of Al ions to healthy tissue appears to be low, increased hazardous potential cannot be ruled out to pre-damaged tissue and can have a relevance in risk assessment for special consumer groups with for example chronical intestinal inflammation or dietary eating behavior combined with high exposure to Al-containing food products. T2 - 82nd Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 29.02.2016 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Digestion KW - SAXS KW - Cytotoxicity PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36026 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Isecke, Bernd T1 - Art der Korrosion T2 - Deutscher Verband für Schweißtechnik DVS Sektion Berlin CY - Brandenburg, Germany DA - 2006-01-28 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12144 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Arroyo-Abad, Uriel T1 - Arsenolipids in marine fish: Occurence and Perspective T2 - Anakon 2015 CY - Graz, Austria DA - 2015-03-23 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33647 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Arroyo-Abad, Uriel T1 - Arsenolipids in marine fish: Occurence and Perspective T2 - CANAS - Colloquium Analytische Atomspektroskopie CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2015-03-08 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33648 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Arsenolipide im Hering - Eine Quelle für kanzerogene Arsenverbindungen im Urin? T2 - ANAKON 2013 CY - Essen, Germany DA - 2013-03-04 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-27858 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Arroyo-Abad, Uriel T1 - Arsenolipid pattern in fresh cod liver: application of RP-HPLC with simultaneous ICP-MS and ESI-Q-TOF-MS detection T2 - Metallomics 2013 CY - Oviedo, Spain DA - 2013-07-08 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28774 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lischka, Susanne T1 - Arsenobetainbestimmung in Fisch mittels LC-ESI-MS/MS T2 - CIA CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-09-26 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24419 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lischka, Susanne T1 - Arsenobetainanalytik unter Einsatz eines 13C-markierten Kalibrierstandard für Elektrospray-Massenspektrometrie T2 - Doktorandenseminar des AK Separation Science der GDCh CY - Hohenroda, Germany DA - 2012-01-08 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-25662 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kappler, A. T1 - Arsenic redox transformation by humanic substances and Fe minerals T2 - Ninth International Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earth's Sureface (GES-9) CY - Boulder, CO, USA DA - 2011-06-01 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25154 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Arsenic and Mercury speciation in fish T2 - GSF Speciation 2008 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 2008-05-25 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17790 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -