TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Bacterial adhesion on ultrashort pulse laser processed surfaces ― more than size matters! N2 - Bacterial biofilms are aggregates of bacterial cells, often attached to a surface, and enclosed by a self-produced extracellular matrix which confers increased stress tolerance and resistance to cleaning. Biofilm formation leads to biofouling which gives rise to high costs in numerous technical settings due to biocorrosion and biodegradation. However, biofilms can also be attractive for industrial settings such as wastewater treatment systems or for soil bioremediation processes. Hence, the control of bacterial adhesion to a surface is of major concern. Surface topography strongly influences bacterial adhesion. Therefore, one promising way to achieve bacteria-guiding surfaces lies in the contactless and aseptic large-area laser processing of technical surfaces. We used short and ultrashort pulsed laser systems to generate different surface textures, mainly high-spatial-frequency and low-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (HFSL and LFSL), on Ti, Ti-alloy, steel, and polymers (PET and PE). Pristine (polished) and laser processed samples were subjected to bacterial adhesion experiments with two different Escherichia coli strains and Staphylococcus aureus as test organisms. The bacterial strains differed in their cell wall structure (grampositive vs. gramnegative strains), in size, shape, the occurrence of cell appendages, and in their biofilm forming capabilities. Adhesion patterns were analyzed microscopically and compared regarding the respective test strain and surface topography. Our results revealed that adhesion behavior strongly depends not only on the material’s topography and chemistry, but also on the specific bacterial strain, the presence of cell appendages, and ambient growth conditions. T2 - 13th International LIPSS Workshop CY - Enschede, Netherlands DA - 29.10.2025 KW - Bacterial adhesion KW - Biofilm KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Ultrashort laser pulses PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64632 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Voss, Heike T1 - Morphology and regularity of high-spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (HSFL) on titanium materials N2 - Titanium and its alloys are known to enable the straightforward laser‐based manufacturing of ordered surface nanostructures, so‐called high-spatial frequency laser‐induced periodic surface structures (HSFL). These structures exhibit sub‐100 nm spatial periods – far below the optical diffraction limit. The resulting surface functionalities are usually enabled by both, topographic and chemical alterations of the nanostructured surfaces. For exploring these effects, HSFL were processed on different titanium materials (bulk, film) upon irradiation with near‐infrared ps‐laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ≈1 ps pulse duration) under different laser scan processing conditions in normal air atmosphere. Here, we extend our previous work on chemical analyses of HSFL on titanium materials towards a more detailed large-area morphological and topographical surface characterization. For this purpose, scanning electron or atomic force microscopic images are subjected to a regularity analysis using our ReguΛarity software. The results are assessed with respect to the influences of sample- or laser-related parameters on the regularity of the HSFL. T2 - 13th International Conference on Photoexcited Processes and Applications, ICPEPA-13 CY - Lecce, Italy DA - 14.09.2025 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Laser processing KW - Ulltrashort laser pulses KW - Titanium PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64173 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gräf, S. T1 - Ion marker implantation for tracing the formation of femtosecond LIPSS on steel N2 - An ion marker experiment is conducted to investigate the formation of low spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on stainless steel surfaces upon scan-processing with femtosecond laser pulses (300 fs, 1025 nm, 100 kHz) focussed to a spot diameter of ~20 µm. Defined concentration depth profiles of 14N^+- and 55Mn^+-ions were implanted below the polished surface of a cast Mn- and Si-free stainless steel AISI 316L using an acceleration energy of 380 keV. This generated two distinct “depth-tracer-layers” ~135 nm (55Mn) and ~340 nm (14N) below the sample surface. The sample morphology and microstructure were evaluated before and after LIPSS-processing using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques in top-view and cross-sectional geometry. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) allowed to visualize the depth distribution of the marker elements, the steel constituents, and of oxygen involved through the laser processing in ambient air. These experiments revealed that the LIPSS on this metal are predominantly formed by material removal through locally varying ablation and, to a lesser extent, by local melt displacement effects prior to the re-solidification. Moreover, the processing in air leads to the formation of a less than 10 nm thick laser-induced oxide layer covering the steel surface. Our new tracer ion approach contributes to the ongoing debate on the relevance of electromagnetic or hydrodynamic effects during the formation of LIPSS. T2 - E-MRS Spring Meeting 2025 CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 26.05.2026 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Steel KW - Ion implantation KW - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) KW - Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63274 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grunewald, Thomas T1 - Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz: Zündgefahren durch Funken - Grundlagen und Maßnahmen zum Explosionsschutz N2 - Geräte und Maschinen, die zur bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen gemäß 2014/34/EU konstruktiv vorgesehen sind, muss in der europäischen Union eine Zündgefahrenbewertung durchgeführt werden. Dabei müssen alle 13 Zündquellen betrachtet werden. Eine Teilmenge der 13 Zündquellen sind die Gefahren von nichtelektrischen Zündquellen, zu denen auch die mechanischen Schlag-, Schleif- und Reibvorgänge gehören. Bei mechanischen Schlagvorgängen kommt es infolge des Zusammenstoßes zweier Werkstücke bzw. Bauteile zu einer Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie. Dabei erhöht sich die Temperatur der Werkstoffe an der Kontaktstelle und es kommt unter Umständen zu einem Abtrennvorgang kleiner Partikel erhöhter Temperatur. Sowohl die heißen Kontaktstellen (Zündquelle "heiße Oberflächen") als auch die abgetrennten Partikel (Zündquelle "mechanisch erzeugte Funken") können eine wirksame Zündquelle für ein explosionsfähiges Gasgemisch darstellen. Zur Festlegung von Grenzwerten wurden in der Norm DIN EN ISO 80079-36:2016 die Gasgemische anhand ihrer Explosionsgruppe klassifiziert und zu jeder Gruppe die maximale Energie des Schlagvorgangs festgelegt, unter derer die Entstehung einer wirksamen Zündquelle als unwahrscheinlich angenommen werden kann. Weitere Festlegungen von Grenzwerten für die kinetische Schlagenergie und geeignete Werkstoffpaarungen finden sich u.a. in der DIN EN 1755 (ex-geschützte Flurförderzeuge) und in der DIN EN 14986 (ex-geschützte Ventilatoren). T2 - Ausbildung zum Explosionsschutzbeauftragten CY - Essen, Germany DA - 20.01.2026 KW - Schlagfunken KW - Schleiffunken KW - Reibfunken KW - Explosionsschutz KW - Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz KW - Mechanischer Explosionsschutz PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65398 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Spannstahlgefährdung - Stand der aktuellen Erkenntnisse aus Sondierungen und Materialuntersuchungen N2 - Spannstahlbrücken die in der Vergangenheit mir vergüteten Spannstählen errichtet worden sind können unter ungünstigen Gegebenheiten bei deren Erstellung signifikante Probleme hinsichtlich der Tragfähigkeit bekommen. Im Speziellen kann die wasserstoffinduzierte Spannungsrisskorrosion hier bei der Errichtung der Brückenbauwerke Anrisse an den Spanndrähten erzeugt haben die Jahre später zum Versagen der Brücke führen können. Die Präsentation im Speziellen behandelt den Teileinsturz der Carolabrücke in Dresden und neue Erkenntnisse zu vergüteten Spannstählen. T2 - BMV - Workshop CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 20.01.2026 KW - Korrosion KW - Spannstahl KW - Spannungsrisskorrosion KW - Wasserstoff PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65403 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Claudia T1 - Ensuring Quality Smarter with a digital Quality Infrastructure (Mexican-German Technical Exchange) N2 - The presentation introduces the initiative QI‑Digital, which aims to holistically transform quality infrastructure across all its elements. To this end, a digital QI ecosystem is being developed that integrates digital QI tools with advanced methods for testing, inspection, and monitoring, and embeds them into the broader digital industrial ecosystem. Sovereign and secure data sharing and management are enabled through technologies such as data spaces, the Asset Administration Shell, verifiable credentials, and the Digital Product Passport (DPP). Particular emphasis is placed on the role of artificial intelligence in quality assurance: Several use cases and ongoing projects from BAM are presented togetehr with the business benefits they enable. Ongoing activities on the use of AI for manageing quality-related documentation are also presentated that aim at establishing an agentic AI framework for QI. The talk concludes with key lessons learned so far within the initiative. T2 - Mexican-German Technical Exchange on QI Digital CY - Mexico City, Mexico DA - 23.01.2026 KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Agentic AI KW - Digital Ecosystem PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65411 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mieller, Björn A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick T1 - Berlin Battery Lab - Vom Material zur Zelle - Batterieinnovation aus Berlin N2 - Das Berlin Battery Lab (BBL) vereint exzellente Materialforschung, modernste Analytik und gezielten Technologietransfer. Als gemeinsames Labor von BAM, HZB und der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin entwickeln wir zukunftsfähige Natrium-Ionen- und Metall-Schwefel-Batterien – von der Materialidee bis zur funktionsfähigen Zelle. T2 - Batteriaforum Deutschland CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.01.2026 KW - Batterie KW - Kooperation KW - Natrium-Ionen KW - BBL PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65410 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ruehle, Bastian T1 - MINERVA-OS: The Orchestrator of our SDL for Nano and Advanced Materials Synthesis N2 - We present our SDL "Minerva" and its' Orchestrator "Minerva-OS". We discuss the general architecture of the orchestrator, the problems our orchestration solution solves, associated objectives, and success criteria. We demonstrate how a user would interact with it and give examples of what it has already been used for. We also provide some explanation of the available and planned features, and how workflows/experiments are represented. Lastly, we discuss key technical challenges we faced during development. T2 - Orchestration Alignment Virtual Workshop CY - Online meeting DA - 20.01.2026 KW - Self Driving Labs KW - Materials Acceleration Platforms KW - Workflows KW - Orchestration PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65422 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Absorption and Refraction Techniques: Characterization and Non-Destructive Testing of Additively Manufactured Materials N2 - The combination of tomographic, microstructural data with other experimental techniques and with modeling is paramount, if we want to extract the maximum amount of information on material and component properties. In particular, quantitative image analysis, statistical approaches, direct discretization of tomographic reconstructions represent concrete possibilities to extend the power of the tomographic 3D representation to insights into the material and component performance. This logic thread equally holds for industrial and academic research, and valorizes expensive experiments such as those carried out at synchrotron sources, which cannot be daily repeated. I will show a few examples of possible use of X-ray tomographic data for quantitative assessment of damage evolution and microstructural properties, as well as for non-destructive testing. Examples of micro-structured inhomogeneous materials will be given, such as Composites, Ceramics, Concrete, and Additively manufactured parts. I will also show how X-ray refraction computed tomography (CT) can be highly complementary to classic absorption CT, being sensitive to internal interfaces. Additionally, I will present a new technique in our portfolio, Neutron Diffraction, which is extremely well suited to the study of internal stresses, both residual and under external load. T2 - Kolloquium an dem ‘Laboratoire National de Metrologie et d’Essais CY - LNE’ Paris, France DA - 09.06.2016 KW - Computertomographie KW - Metrologie KW - 3D Mikrostruktur KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Röntgenrefraktion KW - Additive Fertigung KW - TF Material KW - Analytical Science PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38826 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Erfahrungsaustausch Labor-Robotik N2 - Die BAM setzt in ihren analytischen Labors zunehmend Labor-Robotik ein, um gefähliche oder zeitraubende Routineaufgaben zu automatisieren. Durch Automation kann auch die Reproduzierbarkeit solcher Anwendungen erhöht werden. Im Beitrag werden einige aktuelle Beispiele aus den Analytiklabors diskutiert, wie z. B. die Anwendung für die Herstellung und RFA-Analytik von Gläsern, eine Feinwäge-Robotik für 10-L-Gaszylinder im Rahmen der Herstellung von Primärnormalen oder die Automatisierung von Probenpräsentationen für optische Spektroskopie und chemical Imaging. Auch wird kurz auf den Einsatz von Speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerungen in der modularen Laborautomation und die Virtualisierung von analytischen Laborrechnern eingengangen. T2 - Industrienetzwerk Smartes Labor am Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V. (IUTA) CY - Duisburg, Germany DA - 09.11.2022 KW - Laborautomation KW - Labor-Robotik KW - Automatisierung KW - Smartes Labor PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56227 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Höhne, Patrick T1 - Small batch preparation of ready-to-press powder for systematic studies N2 - Efficient studies of scarce or expensive materials require material saving processes. Therefore, a high yield concept for small batch preparation of ready-to-press powder is exemplarily presented for yttria stabilized nano-zirconia (d50 < 50 nm). The concept involves small batch preparation in an ultrasound resonator, dispersant selection based on zeta potential measurements, evaluation of slurry stability using an analytical centrifuge, and preparation of ready-to-press powder by freeze drying. Freeze drying offers key advantages. Process efficiency and high yield above 95 % are independent of sample size. The dried product does not require further mechanical treatment like milling or grinding. Side effects like migration of additives are avoided. An optimized freeze drying process tolerates slurries with moderate stability. Thus, efforts for slurry development can be reduced. Generally, identifying a suitable dispersing agent requires only 3-5 zeta potential measurements. Slurry stability is rechecked using an analytical centrifuge, which also accounts for steric stabilization. An ultrasound resonator is used to disperse the powder without contamination, which becomes critical for small batches. The described route is exemplarily presented for the development of an additive recipe for nano-sized zirconia powder, targeting for good pressing behavior and high green density. Therefore, a variety of binding and lubricating agents were tested. Following the presented route, 80 g zirconia powder were sufficient to conduct a study including slurry development and five sample sets with varying composition, each set comprising five discs (d = 20 mm and h = 2 mm). T2 - 94. DKG Jahrestagung CY - Leoben, Austria DA - 05.05.2019 KW - Fine Powder KW - Slurry KW - Freeze Drying PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48293 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - You, Yi T1 - Acoustic Ion Manipulation (AIM) N2 - The precise control of gaseous ions is a cornerstone in ion-based spectrometry and other disciplines such as materials processing. Traditional high-pressure ion optics rely on electrostatic and magnetic fields that often demand the use of intense electric fields, radio frequency activation, complex geometrical arrangements, or partially transmissive grids. Consequently, the efficiencies of such devices tend to be low or they require large footprints, as ion motions under ambient conditions are governed aerodynamically by collisions and fluid dynamics. However, from a different perspective and holistic reasoning, the limitations posed by collisions, aerodynamics, and other factors that hinder ion control in the open-air suggested an innovative direction for ion manipulation. Our study introduces a novel method that employs low-power standing acoustic waves to effectively manipulate ion beams. We observe that ions distinctively prefer traveling through areas of static pressure within the acoustic field, identified as "nodes." In contrast, neutral gases are unaffected by the acoustic field structure and continue to move along a straight trajectory. We have named this method Acoustic Ion Manipulation (AIM). Initial studies demonstrated selective and efficient manipulations of ion with AIM, including gating, redirection, regional dispersion, and focusing. This technique broadens the scope of ion manipulation strategies at high pressures while enriching our fundamental understanding of ion-acoustic kinetics. The potential applications of this method are vast, promising significant advancements in the fields of analytical chemistry, environmental science, and beyond. T2 - ANAKON 2025 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 10.03.2025 KW - Acoustic ion manipulation KW - Mass spectrometry PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64110 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Li, Xunyu T1 - Atomic Isotope Analysis of Lithium with Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometry and Lineshape Recovery through Deconvolution N2 - A spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) was combined with a reduced-pressure glow discharge to demonstrate the analytical utilization of high resolving-power spectral analysis for atomic isotopes. In the experimental illustrations, we will demonstrate the spectra for the lithium isotope ratio through the D-lines featuring 6Li and 7Li. The SHS utilized in our setup boasts single-digit picometer resolution, enabling the precise discrimination of three separate spectral bands in real-time. To further enhance the spectral quality and improve quantification accuracy, we established an innovative approach to recover the natural lineshape, avoiding interferences from the instrumental function that broadens fine features. By understanding the inherent characteristics of an SHS interferogram and leveraging computational capabilities, we will demonstrate the direct extraction of the numerical presentation of the instrumental function from an SHS interferogram; this instrumental function was used for spectral data processing that enables significant improvements in spectral resolution through deconvolution algorithms. The resulting high-quality spectra enabled precise quantitative determination of lithium concentrations and isotope ratios. We aim to showcase the procedures involved in fine-tuning an SHS platform, along with software design strategy to track real-time spectral variations. Meanwhile, the concept of the lineshape recovery through deconvolution will also be discussed. Furthermore, atomic lithium spectra featuring various isotope compositions will be presented to highlight the potential of SHS in real-life applications. T2 - SCIX 2024 Conference CY - Raleigh, NC, USA DA - 20.10.2024 KW - Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometry KW - High-Resolution Spectrometry KW - Isotopic Analysis KW - Line Shape Recovery KW - Instrumental Function PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62138 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Magkos, Sotirios T1 - The DIRECTT algorithm: A promising alternative for Computed Tomography reconstructions N2 - The DIRECTT (Direct Iterative REconstruction of Computed Tomography Trajectories) algorithm represents a promising alternative to conventional algorithms, such as the Filtered Backprojection (FBP) or the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART), by overcoming restrictions associated with them. Such restrictions include the limited spatial resolution achieved through FBP due to Nyquist‘s sampling theorem, the inability of FBP to perform a quality reconstruction when projections are missing, and the excessive computing time needed for ART. T2 - CINEMAX IV Summer School CY - Toreby, Danmark DA - 27.08.2018 KW - Computed tomography KW - Reconstruction algorithm KW - Spatial resolution PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46448 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hufgard, Josefin T1 - Use Your Time (Domain) Wisely: Streamlined Analysis of Complex Mixtures with Pulsed-Laser Techniques N2 - This study aims to streamline complex mixture analysis through the parallel ionization of all analytes without extensive preprocessing. Here, pulsed laser ablation of single droplets is used with modified cross-correlation, a phase-sensitive algorithm. This combined method allows contactless chemical investigation with minimal sample pretreatment, as well as the separation of analytes in mixtures and reconstruction of analyte-specific mass spectra. T2 - Future WINS: Corss-sections and interfaces in science, careers, and communication CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.11.2024 KW - MS KW - Data analysis KW - Laser ablation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62124 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Was kann die Neutronenbeugung für die ZfP tun? N2 - Neutronenbeugung hat verschiedenste Anwendungen, die auf die eigenartigen physikalischen Eigenschaften der Neutronen berühen. Während die Beugungstechniken wie z.B. die klassische Pulverbeugung, die Kleinwinkelstreuung und die Texturanalyse besonders für die Materialcharakterisierung nutzbar sind, setzt sich die Neutronenbeugung als zerstörungsfreies Verfahren für Eigenspannungsanalyse extrem relevant ein. Allerdings sind nur wenig die Leute, die die Neutronenbeugung in der ZfP Community benutzen. Dieser Vortrag hat das Ziel die Interesse an der Nutzung von einem solchen Grossgerätwerkzeug aufzuwecken und ein Paar impactvolle Anwendungsbeispiele einiger Techniken zu zeigen. Die Bestimmung mikroskopischer mechanischen Eigenschaften von Kompositen (MMC oder CMC), sowie der Mapping von Eigenspannungsfelder in Komponenten werden bearbeitet. Es wird gezeigt, dass Neutronenbeugung grundsätzlich eine zerstörungsfreie Methode für beide die Materialcharakterisierung und die Komponentenintegrität ist, die hohes Potentiell hat, zum Verfahrensportfolio der zerstörungsfreier Prüfung zu gehören. T2 - 381. Sitzung des Arbeitskreises Berlin der DGZfP CY - BAM, Berlin, Deutschland DA - 01.11.2016 KW - Neutronenbeugung KW - Eigenspannungen KW - Kompositen KW - Legierungen KW - Schweißnähte KW - TF Material PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38313 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shashev, Yury T1 - Talbot- Lau interferometry with a non- binary phase grating for non-destructive testing N2 - Grating interferometric set-ups have been established in the last decade. They are promising candidates to obtain enhanced image contrast from weakly absorbing micro and nano structures. They are based on X-ray refraction and near-field diffraction using the Talbot effect. At the expense of taking multiple images, Talbot-Lau grating interferometry allows separating the absorption, refraction, and scattering contributions by analysing the disturbances of a phase grating interference pattern. Contrary to other refraction enhanced methods, this technique can be applied using conventional X-ray tubes (divergent, polychromatic source). This makes it attractive to solve typical non-destructive testing problems. We investigated the efficiency of phase gratings, i.e. the visibility (the amplitude of oscillations) upon variation of propagation distance and phase grating rotation around an axis parallel to the grid lines. This grating rotation changes the grating shape (i.e. the distributions of phase shifts). This can yield higher visibilities than derived from rectangular shapes. Our study includes experimental results obtained from synchrotron radiation, as well as simulations for monochromatic radiation. The advantages of Talbot-Lau interferometry are demonstrated at the example of glass capillaries. T2 - WCNDT 2016 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Phase grating KW - X-ray phase contrast imaging KW - Talbot- Lau interferomerty KW - Visibility KW - Synchrotron PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36625 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pelkner, Matthias T1 - Evaluation of high spatial resolution imaging of magnetic stray fields for early damage detection N2 - Metal magnetic memory (MMM) technique with associated ISO 24497-1:3 is gaining considerable interest in the magnetic NDT community. In contrast to traditional Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) testing, the inspection objects are not intentionally magnetized by an external magnetic field. Due to the physical coupling between mechanical stress and magnetization of ferromagnetic materials, it is assumed that the distribution of the residual MFL correspond to the internal stress of the specimen, or in the most general sense, to a degradation of the material. Usually, MMM measurements are performed by relatively bulky magnetic inspection sensors. The evaluation of local magnetic field distribution is limited thereby. Highprecision GMR (Giant Magneto Resistance) measurements in the micrometer regime can provide a higher degree of information due to better spatial resolution. We present a concise summary of studies on the correlation of magnetic structure and microstructure of steels. In particular, we compare residual stress measurements in S235JRC steel welds by means of neutron diffraction with high resolution magnetic field mappings. Results indicate a qualitative correlation between residual stresses and local stray field variation. In addition, stray field measurements of plastically deformed specimens for quasi-static and cyclic loading cases are discussed. The present study concludes that GMR sensors can detect inhomogeneous plastic deformations of S235JR steel in a very early stage, without specific signal processing according to the ISO 24497-1:3. T2 - QNDE - Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Atlanta, Georgia, USA DA - 18.07.2016 KW - NDT KW - MMM KW - GMR PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37101 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Bernd R. T1 - Hochauflösende, schnelle Materialcharakterisierung - Zerstörungsfeie Prüfung mittels Röntgenrefraktion N2 - Materialcharakterisierung von CFK-Werkstoffen mittels Röntgen-Refraktion T2 - CCeV-Veranstaltung 3er-AG CY - Augsburg DA - 04.03.2016 KW - CFK KW - Röntgen-Refraktion KW - Faser-Matrix Enthaftung PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35666 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Sophie T1 - Pressure assisted sintering of tape cast calcium cobaltite N2 - Thermoelectric materials can convert waste heat directly into electrical power by utilizing the Seebeck effect. Calcium cobaltite Ca3Co4O9 is a promising p-type oxide thermoelectric material for applications between 600 °C and 900 °C in air. The properties and morphology of Ca3Co4O9 are strongly anisotropic because of its crystal structure of alternating layers of CoO2 and Ca2CoO3. The electrical conductivity is for example 13.5 times higher in a/b-direction than in c-direction. By aligning the plate-like grains, the anisotropic properties can be assigned to the component. Hot-pressing of tablets is a well-known technology for grain alignment of Ca3Co4O9 and increases the thermoelectric properties in a/b-direction remarkably. It also increases the relative density. However, hot-pressing of tablets is limited by the tablet size. An interesting alternative for larger components is the pressure assisted sintering of panels from tape casted layers. Tape casting already leads to a grain alignment during green body forming. By combining tape casting and pressure assisted sintering (50 kN maximum force) of Ca3Co4O9, high densities and high thermoelectric properties can be reached for large components up to 200 mm edge length. Ca3Co4O9 was successfully tape casted with the doctor blade technique (binder: polyvinyl butyral, organic solvent). Several layers of tape were stacked and laminated to 5 cm x 5 cm panels. These panels were sintered with different applied pressures in a LTCC sintering press with combined in-situ shrinkage measurement. Pressure-less sintered panels have a 2.5 times higher electrical conductivity at room temperature than test bars with randomly orientated particles. By applying a uniaxial pressure of 10 MPa during sintering, the electrical conductivity increases by the factor of 6 compared to the pressure-less sintered panels. About 40 % linear shrinkage are reached in pressing direction. The Seebeck coefficient (S25 °C=146 μV/K) and the electrical conductivity (σ25 °C=15100 S/m) are in good agreement with the values published in literature for hot-pressed tablets. T2 - 15th Conference & Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 09.07.2017 KW - Thermoelectrics KW - Pressure assisted sintering PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41026 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Powierza, Bartosz T1 - Water Migration in One-Side Heated Concrete: 4D In-Situ CT Monitoring of the Moisture-Clog-Effect N2 - In order to study damage in concrete exposed to fire, a series of continuous X-ray computed tomography (CT) measurements were performed on a concrete sample heated, in-situ, on one side. The water migration relative to time and 3D space and, in particular, the dynamic condensation and vaporization of water droplets in the pores was quantified. This approach shows significant potential for further investigation of fire-related concrete damage. T2 - 8th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography (iCT 2018) CY - Wels, Austria DA - 06.02.2018 KW - CT KW - X-ray KW - In-Situ KW - Pores KW - Heated Concrete KW - Water Migration KW - Fire PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46381 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kupsch, Andreas T1 - In-operando chracterisation of PEMFCs using synchrotron X-ray radiography and tomography T2 - 7th Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-12-09 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35172 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shashev, Yury T1 - Performance optimization of phase grating in parallel beam for grating interferometry T2 - 7th Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-12-09 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35170 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cabeza, Sandra T1 - Characterization of Residual Stress State on Inert Gas Welded Joints by Neutron Diffraction at E3 line T2 - BER Users Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-12-11 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35128 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Preparation of an absolute isotope reference material for magnesium T2 - CCQM, IAWG Meeting CY - Tsukuba, Japan DA - 2014-10-14 PY - 2014 N1 - Geburtsname von Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. - Birth name of Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. AN - OPUS4-31559 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hothan, Sascha T1 - Lösungsansätze für neue Herausforderungen im konstruktiven baulichen Brandschutz N2 - Der Klimawandel und die zunehmende Ressourcenknappheit stellen Herausforderungen dar, die in Zukunft grundlegende Anpassungen in der Art des Umgangs mit Rohstoffen, Energie und des Wirtschaftens an die Gesellschaft stellen werden. In der Leichtbaustrategie der Bundesregierung wird zusammenfassend festgestellt, dass der fortschreitende Klimawandel Technologien erfordert, die die Transformation der Wirtschaft, eine ressourcenschonende Wertschöpfung und eine nachhaltige und resiliente Rohstoffversorgung sicherstellen. Aus diesen für alle Wirtschaftszweige sehr allgemein formulierten Anforderungen und vor dem Hintergrund eines wachsenden Bedarfs schnell verfügbarer Bausubstanz, lassen sich konkrete Anforderungen für das Bauwesen ableiten. Es geht um die Reduktion des Ressourcenverbrauchs für die Errichtung und den Betrieb neuer Gebäude sowie die Nach- und Weiternutzung bestehender Bausubstanz. In der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) wurde im Themenfeld Infrastruktur das Aktivitätsfeld Leichtbau ins Leben gerufen, das die Forschungsaktivitäten zum Leichtbau bündelt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden ausgewählte Projekte.in Bezug auf den konstruktiven baulichen Brandschutz vorgestellt und die besonderen Herausforderungen verdeutlicht sowie die daraus abgeleiteten technischen Lösungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt. T2 - Bauphysikertreffen 2025 -- Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 28.11.2025 KW - Brandschutz KW - Leichtbau PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65370 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Genga, R. M. T1 - Enhanced Fe and Ni bonded NbC Laser Surface Engineered based Hardmetals: Alternative Cutter Materials for Electric Vehicle Applications N2 - The efforts to substitute both tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co) has gained prominence in recent years due to the classification of Co as a carcinogen and the classification of Co and W as critical raw materials in the EU as well as within regulations of the U.S. National Toxicology Program. In this study, substitution of both WC and Co with advanced hardmetals consisting of NbC with Ni and Fe-based metal binders are investigated for their use of machining of metals used electric vehicle manufacturing. The developed NbC-Ni/Fe based hardmetals employ a Machining Property Led Tailored Design (MPLTD) approach. This reverse engineering strategy uses data from machining performance to guide the development of microstructural, mechanical, and behavioral properties. Four advanced NbC-based hardmetals were produced, two with Ni-based binders and two with Fe-based binders, along with two reference materials for comparison (WC-Co and straight NbC-12Ni). Hardmetals were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM), Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and elastic moduli. Cutting tool inserts were manufactured from the developed hardmetals and enhanced using femto-second laser surface engineering. The inserts’ performance was evaluated through face milling tests on AZ31 automotive magnesium alloy, providing insights into their suitability for high-demand industrial applications. T2 - 21. Plansee Seminar CY - Reutte, Austria DA - 01.06.2025 KW - Niobium carbide KW - Alternative binders KW - Alternative hard phases KW - Face milling KW - AZ31 magnesium alloy PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65381 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Theiler, Géraldine T1 - Tribological behavior of polymeric materials in hydrogen N2 - In this talk, an overview of BAM research activities related to Hydrogen is given with a brief presentation of the Competence Center H2Safety@bam. The second part focuses on current projects dealing with the tribological behavior of polymeric materials in Hydrogen. In particular, results regarding the performances of PTFE -free and sustainable materials are given and promising candidates are suggested along with friction mechanisms. T2 - International Hydrogen Energy Development Forum & HYDROGENIUS SYMPOSIUM 2025 CY - Kyushu, Japan DA - 17.12.2025 KW - Hydrogen KW - Friction KW - Wear KW - PTFE-free KW - Sustainable material PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65364 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kunji Purayil, Sruthi Krishna T1 - Multimodal Deep Learning Framework for Crack Segmentation in Complex Components Using Robot-Assisted Laser Thermography N2 - Crack detection and segmentation in complex components are critical for maintaining the structural integrity and reliability of systems operating under extreme conditions, such as turbine blades in energy and aerospace applications. The integration of automated multimodal imaging-based non-destructive testing (NDT) with deep learning provides a promising path towards precise and automated defect characterization. In this study, a hybrid multimodal deep learning framework is proposed, combining the advantages of an unsupervised generative adversarial network (GAN) and a supervised U-Net segmentation model for comprehensive crack detection and quantification. The unsupervised multimodal GAN performs data fusion by integrating complementary features from high-resolution thermal and RGB images acquired using a robot-assisted flying laser-line thermography system. This data fusion improves the contrast and representation of surface and sub-surface cracks by leveraging spectral features across multiple imaging modalities. The GAN is trained to reconstruct crack free images and difference between the generated image and real crack image generates an error map that highlights the cracks. The unsupervised approach helps in reducing the need for manual labeled data and generalizes well across different surface conditions. The error maps from GAN are subsequently processed by a U-Net-based segmentation model trained on labeled datasets to achieve precise pixel-level crack localization and morphological estimation. The use of laser thermography induces localized heating on the component surface, providing transient thermal responses that make subtle cracks and defects visible beyond the limits of visual imaging. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed hybrid GAN–U-Net framework achieves significantly improved crack detection accuracy and segmentation performance compared to single modal NDE imaging, and data processing based on traditional threshold-based methods. This work underscores the potential of combining unsupervised multimodal fusion with supervised image segmentation to establish a new framework that helps in building automated, data-driven, and robot-assisted NDT systems for intelligent inspection and structural health monitoring of industrial components. T2 - NDE 2025 CY - Mumbai, India DA - 11.12.2025 KW - Non-destructive Testing KW - Infrared Thermography KW - Laser KW - Data Fusion KW - Multimodal Imaging KW - NDE 4.0 PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65304 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hirsch, Philipp Daniel T1 - Robotic-assisted 3D scanning and laser thermography for crack inspection on complex components N2 - The integration of automation and robotics into inspection processes has marked a transformative shift in the evaluation of complex components. This study presents a novel approach employing robotic-assisted laser thermography for the automated identification and in-depth analysis of cracks in these intricate structures. This method not only streamlines the inspection process but also eliminates the need for numerous manual steps and the use of chemicals associated with traditional methods such as dye penetrant testing. With the increasing com-plexity of components, this is an important step, especially with regard to additively manufactured components, in order to be able to guarantee component safety for a long lifecycle. T2 - 17th Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Conference (QIRT) CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 01.07.2024 KW - Robot KW - Flying line KW - Crack detection KW - Robot path planning KW - Thermography PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60914 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hassenstein, Christian T1 - Automatisierte Bahnplanung für robotergestützte Ultraschallprüfung mit Arrayprüfköpfen N2 - In der automatisierten Ultraschallprüfung von Komponenten mit komplexen Oberflächengeometrien werden zur Führung des Prüfkopfes zunehmend 6-Achsen-Roboter erprobt. Diese stellen die notwendige Automatisierbarkeit und Flexibilität bereit, um die lokal senkrechte Einschallung sicherzustellen. Durch den Einsatz von linearen Arrays und bildgebenden Verfahren können die Bilder oder die daraus extrahierten Merkmale zu einer Rekonstruktion in 3D zusammengesetzt werden. Die Anforderungen an die Prüfbahnen für die bildgebende Array-Ultraschallprüfung gehen dabei über konventionellen Bahnplanungsprogramme hinaus. Es wird ein Prozess vorgestellt, der Roboterbahnen auf der Grundlage des 3D-Modells von Körpern mit doppelt gekrümmter Oberfläche unter Berücksichtigung der Prüfparameter erzeugt. Hierbei wird zum einen die senkrechte Prüfkopfstellung und zum anderen eine optimale Abdeckung der Oberfläche realisiert. Dabei wird die lokale Oberflächengeometrie beachtet, da diese das Reflexionsverhalten beeinflusst und sich daher auf die optimale Verteilung und Orientierung der Prüfpositionen auswirkt. Damit einhergehend erfolgt eine Ablösung von konventionellen Konzepten, die auf linearen Prüfbahnen basieren, welches spannende neue Prüfstrategien eröffnet. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2024 CY - Osnabrück, Germany DA - 06.05.2024 KW - Ultraschallprüfung KW - Phased array KW - Automatisierung KW - NDT 4.0 PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60590 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kunji Purayil, Sruthi Krishna T1 - Anisotropy investigation of a single crystal superalloy using laser-spot infrared thermography N2 - Thermal property investigation of anisotropic materials such as single crystal superalloys are still in interest of practical and fundamental reasons but remains challenging using conventional testing methods. In this study, a single crystal superalloy is tested using laser-spot thermography, and its thermal anisotropy is investigated. Determining anisotropic thermal conductivity at microscopic scales is challenging, as it appears isotropic at the macroscopic scale. Infrared thermography is one of the best-known techniques for measuring material heat transfer properties and facilitating visualization of temperature distribution through the specimen. The proposed study uses the active thermography method of laser-spot infrared thermography, in which a laser spot is focused onto the sample surface and the thermal response is captured from the surface of the specimen with an infrared camera. A detailed analysis of temperature gradients and heat diffusion patterns aids in the measurement of thermal conductivity values along the sample's different crystallographic directions. The directional bonding characteristics and inherent crystallographic structure of the alloy account for the in-plane thermal conductivities calculated from experimental thermal measurements. The laser-spot thermography method has proven to be an effective tool for mapping the material's thermal conductivity anisotropy with high sensitivity and high spatial and temporal resolution. The investigation into the anisotropy of the material provides an insight into heat flow in the structure and helps in optimizing the design and overall performance of the material system. T2 - 17th Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Conference (QIRT) CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 01.07.2024 KW - Infrared Thermography KW - NDT KW - Laser KW - Single crystal superalloy KW - Anisotropy PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60663 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kunji Purayil, Sruthi Krishna T1 - Aktive punktweise Laserthermographie zur Bewertung der thermischen Anisotropie in Einkristall-Superlegierungen N2 - Die Untersuchung thermischer Eigenschaften anisotroper Materialien, wie einkristalliner Superlegierungen, ist aus praktischen und wissenschaftlichen Gründen von großem Interesse, sie bleibt jedoch mit konventionellen Testmethoden eine Herausforderung. In dieser Studie wird eine einkristalline Superlegierung mittels aktiver Laserthermografie untersucht, wobei ihre thermische Anisotropie analysiert wird. Die Bestimmung der anisotropen Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf mikroskopischer Ebene ist anspruchsvoll, da das Material auf makroskopischer Ebene isotrop erscheint. In der präsentierten Studie wird die zu untersuchende Materialprobe schrittweise mit einem Laserspot abgerastert, welcher die Probe jeweils lokal erwärmt. Die resultierende thermische Antwort wird anschließend durch Messung der Oberflächentemperaturmit einer Infrarotkamera erfasst. Die Infrarotthermografie gehört dabei zu den bewährtesten Techniken zur Messung der Wärmeübertragungseigenschaften von Materialien und zur Visualisierung von Temperaturverteilungen. Eine detaillierte Analyse der gewonnenen Temperaturgradienten und Wärmeverteilungsmustern dient der Bestimmung der Wärmeleitfähigkeitswerte entlang verschiedener kristallographischer Richtungen der Probe. Die gerichteten Bindungseigenschaften und die kristallographische Struktur der Legierung sind dabei hauptursächlich für die Spanne der berechneten lateralen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten, die aus experimentellen thermischen Messungen abgeleitet wurden. Die Methodik der punktweisen aktiven Laserthermografie hat sich als effektives Werkzeug zur hochsensitiven und hochauflösenden räumlichen und zeitlichen Kartierung der thermischen Leitfähigkeitsanisotropie des Materials erwiesen. Die Untersuchung der Anisotropie des Materials bietet Einblicke in den Wärmefluss innerhalb der Struktur und leistet so einen Beitrag zur Optimierung des Designs und der Gesamtleistung des Materials. T2 - DGZFP Jahrestagung 2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Laserpunkt-Thermographie KW - Thermischen Anisotropie KW - ZFP KW - Einkristall-Superlegierungen PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63254 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Spitzer, Stefan T1 - BAM-Monitoringkompetenz am Beispiel des Projekts INFUSE - SensoJoint N2 - BAM-Monitoringkompetenz mit Fokus auf das Datenmanagement der realen Beanspruchungen von Betonautobahnen von der definierten Datenerfassung über Datenverwaltung, Datenübertragung bis zur Datenauswertung am Beispiel des Projekts 7183-Infuse. T2 - Workshop Digitaler Zwilling CY - BAM Berlin, Germany DA - 04.06.2018 KW - Monitoring KW - Bitumen KW - Betonautobahnen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45124 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hirsch, Philipp Daniel T1 - Robotergestützte 3D-Scans und Laserthermografie zur Prüfung an komplexen Bauteilen auf Risse N2 - Der Vortrag stellt innovative Ansätze zur Automatisierung von Prüfprozessen durch den Einsatz von Robotik und Laserthermografie vor. Im Fokus steht die robotergestützte Laserthermografie zur Identifikation und Analyse von Rissen in komplexen Bauteilen. Diese Methode ermöglicht eine vollständig automatisierte Rissprüfung, die ohne manuelle Arbeitsschritte und chemische Prüfmittel auskommt und damit eine effiziente Alternative zur klassischen Farbeindringprüfung darstellt. Zusätzlich wird ein automatisiertes 3D-Scanning mittels Linienscanner präsentiert, das eine präzise Rekonstruktion der Bauteilgeometrie erlaubt. Dies ermöglicht die adaptive Korrektur von Abweichungen in der Bauteilaufnahme und bildet die Grundlage für eine flexible Bahnplanung bei Bauteilverformungen. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt ist die automatisierte Rückprojektion der detektierten Risse auf die Bauteiloberfläche. Diese Technik erlaubt nicht nur eine präzise Lokalisierung, sondern auch eine detaillierte geometrische Analyse der Risse. Durch die Kombination von robotergestützter Laserthermografie, hochpräzisem 3D-Scanning und intelligenter Rückprojektion ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung komplexer Bauteile und die Erweiterung potenzieller Anwendungsfelder. T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) 2024 CY - Osnabrück, Germany DA - 06.05.2024 KW - ZFP4.0 KW - Automatisierung KW - Roboter KW - Laser KW - Rissprüfung KW - Thermografie PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62494 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ziegler, Mathias T1 - How thermographic NDT can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals N2 - In 2015, the global community adopted the UN 2030 Agenda - a roadmap for the future. The Agenda covers economic, environmental and social aspects of development. They formulated the so-called 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). And what it means is: We are facing a profound systemic transformation! But the question is: how can we achieve these goals? Of course, each of us can contribute by changing some of our habits. But for us as a research organisation, the answer must be science! There are a number of key technologies that will be needed to manage this change. Our contribution as the NDT community should be to support this global transformation by making it a safe one! And infrared thermography is an integral part of this NDT community and represents one of these key technologies. Of the 17 SDGs, we have identified five SDGs (Goal 7: affordable and clean energy, Goal 9: industry, innovation and infrastructure, Goal 11: sustainable cities and communities, Goal 12: responsible consumption and production, Goal 13: climate action) that we believe we can support in line with our mission. In this paper, four specific examples from BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung / German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) will be used to show how thermographic NDT can contribute to the achievement of the SDGs. As a first example, we want to establish the quality control of novel, resource-conserving high-temperature additive manufacturing processes by establishing thermography-based in-situ measurement techniques. The aim is to achieve zero-defect manufacturing for all processes involving heat, such as the PBF-LB/M and DED-LB/M processes, which are currently entering industrial mass applications. As a second example, our research is focused on replacing traditional resource-intensive inspection methods such as liquid penetrant or magnetic particle inspection with robotic high-resolution laser thermography, which we call photothermal CT and which will enable fully automated inspection of complex geometries at high speed and high resolution. As a third example, we want to support the energy transition and climate protection as a whole through modern IRT inspection techniques by establishing thermographic inspection of wind turbines, in particular of rotor blades. Such inspections will make wind energy safer to use, enable longer operating times and make it more economical by improving its efficiency. In addition to industrial applications, IRT inspection techniques can be applied to the civil engineering sector to support sustainable infrastructure. Useful application scenarios include the early detection of corrosion under protective coatings and the inspection of concrete coatings found on parking decks, which are mainly applied by hand. T2 - Pan-American Conference for Nondestructive Testing (VIII PANNDT) CY - Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada DA - 09.06.2025 KW - Thermography KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Wind energy KW - Infrastructure PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63523 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kunji Purayil, Sruthi Krishna T1 - Preserving History: Application of Active Thermography for Investigating the Bücker Bü 181 Aircraft N2 - Infrared thermography is a widely recognized non-destructive testing (NDT) method used in material research and defect detection across various industrial applications. Moreover, thermography plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage, including historical paintings and buildings. This study focuses on the application of thermography in inspecting the historic Bücker Bü 181 aircraft, which was used in Germany during World War II. Over time, the original appearance of aircraft has often been altered as part of preservation efforts, either before or during their time in museums, leading to deviations from their historically original state. Additionally, the operational history of such objects is frequently undocumented or entirely lost, making it difficult to understand the presence of artifacts and historically significant data. These factors present major challenges in cultural heritage preservation, and destructive methods cannot be used to investigate such invaluable objects. Therefore, thermography is implemented as a non-destructive and contactless examination method. Active flash thermography combined with phase analysis is a powerful tool for evaluating multilayer systems. In this study, multiple layers of old paint on the object posed a challenge in assessing defect conditions and retrieving other critical information beneath the surface coatings. Nevertheless, pulse thermography not only demonstrated its capability to identify defects and markings in multilayered coatings but also provided insights into the internal structure and subsections of the investigated aircraft. T2 - DGZFP Jahrestagung 2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Infrared thermography KW - Multilayer coatings KW - Cultural heritage KW - Defect detection PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63255 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kunji Purayil, Sruthi Krishna T1 - Multispectral fusion-based crack detection using automated laser thermography inspection N2 - Crack detection of complex components is critical for maintaining the integrity and safety of structures across industries such as energy production and aerospace. The integration of multispectral imaging and automatic robot-based non-destructive testing (NDT) marks a significant advancement in the inspection of complex geometries. Multispectral imaging leverages the utilization of image data from different wavelength ranges for enhanced feature extraction and analysis. This paper proposes a novel image fusion model by combining thermal and visual images for the detection of surface and sub-surface cracks of turbine blades in energy production. Our study uses 3D scanning of components using a robot-assisted flying laser line, which measures high-resolution thermal data and RGB images using visual cameras simultaneously. Laser thermography induces a localized heating on the sample, creating a thermal response that highlights cracks and defects that are often undetectable using conventional imaging techniques. Multispectral image fusion models are developed based on an unsupervised generative adversarial network (GAN) for precise crack detection. The model validation is done using experimental data, and it demonstrated high crack detection accuracy compared to conventional single-band imaging methods. This research highlights the new potential for advancing NDT technologies by combining thermal inspection techniques with optical imaging to develop a multispectral inspection approach. T2 - SPIE Defense+Commercial Sensing- Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLVII CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 13.04.2025 KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Infrared imaging KW - NDE 4.0 KW - Multispectral imaging KW - Laser PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63050 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - Drucksintern von hochintegrierten LTCC-Schichtverbunden - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen N2 - In der Keramikfertigung werden verschiedene druckunterstützte Sintertechnologien wie heißisostatisches Pressen, Gasdrucksintern und uniaxiales Heißpressen eingesetzt. Eine Variante des uniaxialen Heißpressens stellt das druckunterstützte Sintern von LTCC-Modulen dar. Es wird mit einem gegenüber dem klassischen Heißpressen deutlich reduzierten Druck von nur etwa 1 MPa operiert. Mit der Einführung der Drucksintertechnik wurde es möglich, großflächige, ebene LTCC-Schichtverbunde ohne laterale Schwindung dicht zu sintern und so eine kostengünstige Fertigung im Nutzen zu realisieren. Mit dem Trend zur Miniaturisierung und Funktionserweiterung von Schaltungsträgern sind Applikationskonzepte entwickelt worden, die eine Integration von Mikrowellen-, Kondensator-, Piezo- und Ferritmaterialien durch Co-Sinterung beinhalten. Kavitäten und Kanäle werden benötigt, um LTCC-Schichtverbunde auch in der Sensorik und Mikrofluidik einzusetzen. Die Umsetzung dieser Konzepte erfordert häufig diffizile Sinterprogramme mit temperaturgesteuerter Einstellung von uniaxialem Druck und Sauerstoffpartialdruck. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen zahlreicher F+E-Vorhaben werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Drucksintertechnologie für die Herstellung dieser LTCC-Schichtverbunde illustriert. Vorgestellt wird ein weiterentwickeltes Drucksinteraggregat. Durch Integration von in-situ Schwindungsmessung sowie Mess- und Regeleinrichtungen für den Sauerstoffpartialdruck stehen erweiterte Möglichkeiten für die Optimierung des Drucksinterprozesses von LTCC-Schichtverbunden zur Verfügung. T2 - Symposium: "Keramische Mehrlagentechnik - Herstellverfahren und Anwendungen" CY - Erlangen, Germany DA - 30.11.2016 KW - Heißpressen KW - Sintern KW - Schichtverbunde PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38595 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Campos de Oliveira, Paula T1 - Advancing microstructural characterisation of ceramic cores for aerospace: from state-of-the-art to in-situ synchrotron X-ray computed tomography N2 - Ceramic cores are crucial for manufacturing turbine blades in aircraft engines, creating intricate cooling channels that improve engine efficiency and reduce emissions. During high-temperature casting, the cores undergo significant microstructural changes, including phase transitions, particle rearrangements, and porosity transformations, which can affect their properties and must be carefully controlled. State-of-the-art characterisation techniques for ceramic cores mostly rely on 2D methods, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. While valuable, these methods are limited in capturing the 3D complexity of the material. Advances in X-ray computed tomography (XCT) offer a more comprehensive perspective on 3D microstructures, but conventional XCT often lacks the resolution and in-situ capabilities to study microstructural evolution under casting conditions. Synchrotron XCT (SXCT) addresses these limitations, offering high spatial and temporal resolution with features down to 1 µm, enabling in-situ investigations. This study highlights the potential of SXCT, revealing previously unseen 3D microstructural features in ceramic cores, such as agglomeration, porosity evolution, surface reactions, microcracking, and particle orientation. These findings provide a more realistic view of dynamic changes during casting, advancing the understanding of core behaviour. Despite its advantages, SXCT is still rarely used in the field due to challenges such as limited access to synchrotron facilities and sample movement artifacts. Future developments, including high-temperature and vacuum compatible CT setups, could enhance this technique, leading to a better optimisation of ceramics performance. T2 - XIXth Conference of the European Ceramic Society (ECERS 2025) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 31.08.2025 KW - Synchrotron KW - X-ray Computed Tomography KW - Ceramic core KW - Aerospace KW - Microstructure PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64050 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Markötter, Henning T1 - Hard X-Ray Imaging Capabilities at BAMline (BESSY II) N2 - The BAMline at the 3rd generation synchrotron X-ray source BESSY II has been supporting researchers in a wide range of research areas for over 20 years. In addition to materials science, these fields also include biology, cultural heritage, and medicine. Being a non-destructive characterization method, synchrotron X-ray imaging, in particular tomography (SXCT), plays a particularly important role in structural characterization. A recent upgrade of key BAMline equipment expands the imaging capabilities: The upgraded dual multilayer monochromator offers flexibility by providing different energy spectra to optimize flux and energy resolution as desired. Different spectra (8 – 60 keV with ΔE/E 0.01%, 1.5%, 4% and pink beam) can be selected. The upgraded detector (in white beam configuration, equipped with an sCMOS camera) allows the higher flux to be exploited with reduced readout times. Shorter tomographic acquisition times in the range of seconds are now possible. Hence, in-situ and operando examinations are routinely available. An integrated slip ring allows continuous rotation of the sample stage for ease of wiring. The pink beam option allows tomographic observation of processes occurring in the time domain of a few seconds with a resolution down to ~ 1 µm. Different scan methods, optimized for quality and speed are available and discussed. Examples of energy related materials from fuel cell and battery research are shown. An optional end station allows refraction enhanced imaging (synchrotron X-Ray refraction radiography (SXRR) and tomography (SXRCT)). That includes an analyzer Si-crystal in Bragg alignment between sample and detector. This technique obtains sensitivity to smaller structures (cracks, pores) down to a few wavelengths, while obtaining field of view sizes in the range of several mm. Besides medicine (e.g., teeth explants), several applications are found in material science, like studies on diesel particulate filters, ceramics, additively manufactured (AM) alloys and metal matrix composites (MMC). The in-situ capabilities include mechanical load (tension and compression) and heating up to 1100°C. A case study, the microstructural evolution during heat treatment of an AM AlSi10Mg, will be shown. T2 - 15th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy (XRM 2022) CY - Online meeting DA - 19.06.2022 KW - BAMline KW - X-ray imaging KW - Tomography PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55691 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Léonard, Fabien T1 - Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography for assessment of shock tube systems N2 - Shock tube systems are non-electric explosive fuses employed in blasting and demolition applications to trigger the detonation of explosive charges. Their working principle is based on the explosive reaction of a fine powder on the tubing´s inner surface, generating a percussive wave travelling at a velocity of 2,100 m/s along the length of the tube, without destroying it. One of the key aspects of the manufacturing process of these shock tubes is the size and morphology of the explosive powder grains and their distribution on the inner wall of the tube, in order to propagate the shockwave efficiently and reliably. For the first time, synchrotron X-ray computed tomography has been used to characterize non-destructively the explosive powder grains, typically Al/HMX between 10 and 20 μm in size, in terms of morphology and 3D distribution but also to characterise the presence and location of defects within the shock tube walls. T2 - 7th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 07.02.2017 KW - Explosive KW - Nonel KW - Shock wave KW - Blasting KW - Energetic systems PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-39168 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Böttcher, Nils T1 - Low Temperature Tomographic In-Situ and Operando Studies in Energy Research N2 - Using low temperatures empowers in-depth investigations of abuse processes in Li-ion cells. A thermal runaway (TR) can be suppressed also on material level at low temperatures.The rethermalization of a critical damaged cell not always leads to a TR. Using the snyergies at BAM enables now In-depth investigation of low temperature inertisation mechanisms in commercial Lithium-Ion-Batteries. In future the synergies will be used for in-depth investigation of other abuse processes in commercial cells e.g., plating or aeging. T2 - HZB Usermeeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.12.2024 KW - Lithiumbatteries KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Sychrotron computer tomopgrahy KW - Low temperature PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62300 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kupsch, Andreas T1 - Three-dimensional studies on compressed gas diffusion layers and the water distribution in operating fuel cells using synchrotron X-ray imaging T2 - 222nd Electro Chemical Society Meeting CY - Honolulu, HI, USA DA - 2012-10-07 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27026 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - The uniaxial tensile response of ß-eucryptite with varying levels of microcracking: experiments and modeling T2 - 38th International Conference & Exposition on Advanced Ceramics & Composites CY - Daytona Beach, FL, USA DA - 2014-01-26 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31315 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kupsch, Andreas T1 - Pore Structure Analysis of Cordierite Diesel Particulate Filter Materials T2 - HZB User Meeting 2013 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-12-04 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-11399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mieller, Björn T1 - Reduzierung der Entbinderungstemperatur von keramischen Grünfolien T2 - DKG-Jahrestagung 2013 CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 2013-03-18 PY - 2013 N1 - Geburtsname von Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. - Birth name of Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. AN - OPUS4-27872 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Isotope ratios and delta values with minimal measurement uncertainties -measuring magnesium using MC-ICP-MS N2 - Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) has evolved significantly since its introduction in 1992. The second and third generation instruments now allow isotope ratio measurements at unprecedented precisions, 0.001 % or better. However, precision alone is not enough for producing accurate and reliable isotope ratio measurements. Metrological considerations such as the selection of suitable calibration strategies, proper assessment of instrumental biases, and the estimation of overall measurement uncertainty remain critical to the measurement process. Properly assessed, measurement uncertainty then provides the interval within which a result can be considered both accurate and precise. All mass spectrometric measurements are affected by instrumental mass discrimination and produce isotope ratios that are biased relative to their “true” ratio. To produce accurate and traceable isotope ratio measurements, it is imperative that certified isotope reference materials (iCRMs) be used for calibration and validation purposes. iCRMs reporting absolute isotope ratios are an analyst’s first choice, particularly when its uncertainty is sufficient for the intended use. However, when smaller uncertainties are required to resolve subtle differences between samples, delta-scale measurements become important. Here, the difference between an isotope ratio measured in a sample and in an internationally accepted isotope reference material (iRM) is determined. This deviation can be positive or negative relative to the iRM, is called a delta value, and is often expressed in per mil units. This presentation will highlight the potential for MC-ICP-MS to produce isotope ratio measurements with minimal uncertainties by examining three applications involving Mg isotopes: 1) the certification of a set of iCRMs for their absolute isotope ratio using a gravimetric isotope mixture approach; 2) the comparison of these iCRMs with currently accepted Mg delta-scale reference materials through intercalibration, and 3) the determination of isotope fractionation exponents for geochemical applications. T2 - 4th International Conference on Frontiers in Mass Spectrometry CY - Kottayam, Kerala, India DA - 04.12.2019 KW - Triple isotope fractionation KW - Absolute isotope ratio KW - Delta value KW - Mangesium PY - 2019 N1 - Geburtsname von Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. - Birth name of Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. AN - OPUS4-50004 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wang, Bin T1 - Introduction of numerical methods to simulate damage accumulations of composite pressure vessel N2 - The development of hydrogen as a reliable energy sector is strongly connected to the performance and the level of safety of hydrogen storage system. Composite damage due to static, fatigue loading and ageing effect is a progressive process. The common failure modes of composite pressure vessels are majorly fibre break, then interface debonding, matrix cracking and delamination. The damages occur subsequently or even simultaneously, failure modes may interactive each other. These attributes make the composite fatigue more complex and difficult. The presentation here is to show how the numerical methods being developed to match this challenge, particularly the numerical model of composite pressure vessel developed by FibreMod research project is introduced. The potential role of numerical simulation in the certification process and the outlook for the further trend is also discussed. T2 - Abteilungskolloquium CY - BAM Berlin, Germany DA - 10.05.19 KW - Fibre Break KW - Composite Pressure KW - Vessels KW - Simulation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48302 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Explaining deviatoric residual stresses and load transfer in aluminum alloys and composites with complex microstructure N2 - The residual stresses and load transfer in multiphase metal alloys and their composites (with both random planar-oriented short fibers and particles) will be shown, as studied by neutron diffraction, by X-ray computed tomography, and by a model based on the reformulation of classic Maxwell’s homogenization method. Contrary to common understanding and state-of-the-art models, we experimentally observe that randomly oriented phases possess non-hydrostatic residual stress. Moreover, we disclose that the unreinforced matrix alloy stays under hydrostatic compression even under external uniaxial compression. The recently developed modeling approach allows calculating the residual stress in all phases of the composites. It rationalizes the presence of deviatoric stresses accounting for the interaction of random oriented phases with fibers having preferential orientation. It also allows the explanation of the unconventional in-situ behavior of the unreinforced alloy and the prediction of the micromechanical behavior of other similar alloys. T2 - MLZ Conference 2022: Neutrons for Mobility CY - Lenggries, Germany DA - 31.05.2022 KW - Load transfer KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - micromechanical modeling KW - Computed tomography PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55405 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane T1 - Neue Abenteuer an der BAM: die Projekte AGIL und ProMoAM N2 - Zwei neue Projekte wurden in der BAM gestartet: AGIL und ProMoAM, die mit der Charakterisierung additiv gefertigter Wrkstoffe und mit dem Prozessmonitoring in der AF sich befassen. Die sind in diesem Vortrag dargestellt T2 - Symposium Materialcharakterisierung CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 28.11.2017 KW - Additive Fertigung KW - Prozess Monitoring KW - Alterung KW - Metallische Werkstoffen KW - Laser Metal Deposition KW - Selective Laser Melting PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43273 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Léonard, Fabien T1 - Distance transform methodology for advanced impact damage characterisation of composite laminates by X-ray computed tomography N2 - During their life cycle, composite structures used in aircraft structures can be subjected to high- and low-velocity impact loading. High velocity impact damage is usually easy to detect as it creates visible external damage. Low-velocity impacts are more complex to assess because, although significant damage can be generated internally, there can be little indication of external damage on the impacted surface, leading to the term BVID. Impact damage, especially barely visible impact damage, is therefore of primary concern for design and maintenance of modern aircraft composite structures. As a result there is a concerted research effort to improve the damage resistance and tolerance of these materials. One of the great strengths of X-ray computed tomography over conventional inspection methods (ultrasound, thermography, radiography) is that it can image damage in 3D. or inter-ply interfaces. An X-ray computed tomography (CT) data processing methodology is developed to extract the through-thickness distribution of damage in curved or deformed composite panels. The method is applied to [(0°/90°)2]s carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) panels subjected to low velocity impact damage (5 J up to 20 J) providing 3D ply-by-ply damage visualisation and analysis. Our distance transform approach allows slices to be taken that approximately follow the composite curvature allowing the impact damage to be separated, visualised and quantified in 3D on a ply-by-ply basis. In this way the interply delaminations have been mapped, showing characteristic peanut shaped delaminations with the major axis oriented with the fibres in the ply below the interface. This registry to the profile of the panel constitutes a significant improvement in our ability to characterise impact damage in composite laminates and extract relevant measurements from X-ray CT datasets. T2 - ECNDT2018 CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 11.06.2018 KW - Panels KW - Data processing KW - Correlation map KW - CT KW - Delamination PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45207 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian T1 - Determination and assessment of residual stress in laser powder bed fused stainless steel N2 - This presentation shows the effect of geometry scaling on the formation and distribution of the residual stress in laser powder bed fused 316L. T2 - BMDK - Doktorandenseminar der Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg CY - Online meeting DA - 26.01.2022 KW - Stainless Steel KW - AGIL KW - Residual Stress KW - X-ray and Neutron Diffraction KW - Additive Manufacturing PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54261 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Markötter, Henning T1 - Tomographic Imaging Capabilities with hard X-Rays at BAMline (Bessy II) N2 - The BAMline at the synchrotron X-ray source BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) is supporting researchers in a wide range of research areas since more than 20 years. These fields include biology, cultural heritage, medicine, and also materials science. As a non-destructive characterization method, synchrotron X-ray imaging, especially tomography with hard X-Rays, plays an important role in structural 3D characterization. A recent upgrade of key equipment at the BAMline expands the imaging capabilities towards shorter acquisition times. Therefore, in-situ and operando experiments can now be routinely conducted. Also, different energy resolutions can be set up to optimize flux and energy resolution as desired. This requires an adaptation of the used reconstruction methods in order to perform necessary analyses also during the experiment. In this presentation the equipment, data handling pipeline as well as various examples from material science are presented. T2 - 5th Conference for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons and Ion Beams at Large Facilities (SNI 2022) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.09.2022 KW - BAMline KW - X-ray imaging KW - Tomography PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55692 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Procedures to Quantitatively Characterize Morphological Features of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structures (TPMSS) N2 - The residual stresses and load transfer in multiphase metal alloys and their composites (with both random planar-oriented short fibers and particles) will be shown, as studied by neutron diffraction, by X-ray computed tomography, and by a model based on the reformulation of classic Maxwell’s homogenization method. Contrary to common understanding and state-of-the-art models, we experimentally observe that randomly oriented phases possess non-hydrostatic residual stress. Moreover, we disclose that the unreinforced matrix alloy stays under hydrostatic compression even under external uniaxial compression. The recently developed modeling approach allows calculating the residual stress in all phases of the composites. It rationalizes the presence of deviatoric stresses accounting for the interaction of random oriented phases with fibers having preferential orientation. It also allows the explanation of the unconventional in-situ behavior of the unreinforced alloy and the prediction of the micromechanical behavior of other similar alloys. T2 - 5th International Conference on Tomography of Materials and Structures CY - Grenoble, France DA - 27.06.2022 KW - Load transfer KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - Micromechanical modeling KW - Computed tomography PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55406 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evans, Alexander T1 - Residual stresses and micromechanical properties of additively manufactured metals: why do we need a paradigm shift? N2 - An overview of the challenges and successes in the methodology to characherise residual stresses and micromechnical properties in additively manufactured metals T2 - CAM2 Annual Seminar 2022 - 5-year journey CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 24.10.2022 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Residual stress KW - AGIL KW - MANUFACT KW - Micromechnical properties PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56466 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Strategies to use neutrons as an industrial problem-solving tool N2 - For how trivial or provocative it can sound, the best neutron spectrometer in the world does not produce science and technology by itself. By definition of “Materials Science”, neutron scattering data on engineering materials must be used as a tool to understand, and even tailor, materials performance. In order for this to happen, neutron data need to be 1. Acquired under the most relevant condition possible 2. Coupled to other experimental techniques 3. Capitalized by means of proper simulations and data analysis Point 1- calls for an intense use and the development of top-notch of in-situ techniques; Point 2- means that the sole use of neutron data will not lead to any solution of a global problem; All points above hint to the fact that access to neutron sources is not routine, and therefore it is imperative to search ways to make neutron data rentable and sustainable for the material science and industrial research community. In this presentation, and based on two examples, we will show a couple of strategies to combine neutron data with other experiments, and with theoretical models to raise the validity of experiments to the level of problem-solving. As one might imagine, these are only a few among the almost infinite combinations possible to help improving material properties, performance, and safety, i.e., ripe for everyday use. T2 - MORIS Workshop CY - Garching, Germany DA - 26.04.2023 KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - Residual Stress KW - Large Scale Facilities KW - X-ray Computed Tomography PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57361 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - X-ray refraction techniques non-destructively quantify and classify defects in am materials N2 - X-ray refraction is analogous to visible light deflection by matter; it occurs at boundaries between different media. The main difference between visible light and X-rays is that in the latter case deflection angles are very small, from a few seconds to a few minutes of arc (i.e., the refraction index n is near to 1). Importantly, deflection of X-rays is also sensitive to the orientation of the object boundaries. These features make X-ray refraction techniques extremely suitable to a) detect defects such as pores and microcracks and quantify their densities in bulk (not too heavy) materials, and b) evaluate porosity and particle properties such as orientation, size, and spatial distribution (by mapping). While X-ray refraction techniques cannot in general image single defects, they can detect objects with size above a few wavelengths of the radiation. Such techniques, especially at the Synchrotron BESSY II, Berlin, Germany, can be used in-situ, i.e. when the specimen is subjected to temperatures or external loads. The use of X-ray refraction analysis yields quantitative information, which can be directly input in kinetics, mechanical and damage models. We hereby show the application of non-destructive X-ray refraction radiography (SXRR, 2D mapping also called topography) to problems in additive manufacturing: 1) Porosity analysis in PBF-LM-Ti64. Through the use of SXRR, we could not only map the (very sparse) porosity distribution between the layers and quantify it, but also classify, and thereby separate, the filled porosity (unmolten powder) from the keyhole and gas pores (Figure 1). 2) In-situ heat treatment of laser powder bed fusion PBF-LM-AlSi10Mg to monitor microstructure and porosity evolution as a function of temperature (Figure 2). By means of SXRR we indirectly observed the initial eutectic Si network break down into larger particles as a function of increasing temperature. We also could detect the thermally induced porosity (TIP). Such changes in the Si-phase morphology upon heating is currently only possible using scanning electron microscopy, but with a much smaller field-of-view. SXRR also allows observing the growth of some individual pores, usually studied via X-ray computed tomography, but again on much smaller fields-of-view. Our results show the great potential of in-situ SXRR as a tool to gain in-depth knowledge of the defect distribution and the susceptibility of any material to thermally induced damage and/or microstructure evolution over statistically relevant volumes. T2 - AAMS 2023 CY - Madrid, Spain DA - 27.09.2023 KW - X-ray refraction radiography KW - Defects KW - Large scale facilities KW - Computed tomography PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58508 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Laquai, René T1 - Unterscheidung verschiedener charakteristischer Defekte in mittels selektivem Laserschmelzen hergestelltem Ti-6Al-4V durch Röntgen-Refraktionsradiographie N2 - Das selektive Laserschmelzen (SLM) ist eine pulverbasierte, additive Fertigungsmethode, welche die Herstellung von komplex und individuell geformten Bauteilen ermöglicht. Im Laufe der vergangenen Jahre haben verschiedene Branchen, unter anderem die Luft- und Raumfahrt Industrie, begonnen diese Technologie intensiv zu erforschen. Insbesondere die Titanlegierung Ti-6Al-V4, welche aufgrund ihrer Kombination von mechanischen Eigenschaften, geringer Dichte und Korrosionsbeständigkeit häufig in der Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt wird, eignet sich für die Herstellung mittels SLM. Allerdings können durch nicht optimal gewählte Prozessparameter, welche für gewöhnlich in einer Energiedichte zusammengefasst werden, Defekte in den Bauteilen entstehen. In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, in wie weit Röntgen-Refraktionsradiographie geeignet ist diese Defekte zu detektieren und zu charakterisieren. Bei der Röntgen-Refraktionsradiographie wird die Röntgenstrahlung, nachdem sie die Probe transmittiert hat, über einen Analysatorkristall gemäß der Bragg-Bedingung in den 2D-Detektor reflektiert und dabei nach ihrer Ausbreitungsrichtung gefiltert. Dadurch wird neben der Schwächung auch die Ablenkung der Röntgenstrahlung durch Refraktion im inneren der Probe zur Bildgebung ausgenutzt. Aus den aufgenommen Refraktionsradiogrammen kann der Refraktionswert berechnet werden. Dieser ist ein Maß für die Menge an inneren Oberflächen in der Probe. Zum einen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Röntgen-Refraktionsradiographie Defekte detektieren kann, die kleiner sind als die Ortsauflösung des verwendeten 2D-Detektors. Zum anderen können zwei verschiedene Typen von Defekten unterschieden werden. Bei dem ersten Typ handelt es sich um runde Poren mit geringer innerer Oberfläche. Diese, sogenannten „keyhole pores“ sind charakteristisch für eine zu hohe Energiedichte während des SLM Prozesses. Bei dem zweiten Typ handelt es sich um nicht komplett aufgeschmolzenes Pulver. Diese Defekte zeichnen sich durch eine hohe innere Oberfläche aus und sind charakteristisch für eine zu geringe Energiedichte. Vergleichende Messungen mit hochauflösender Synchrotron CT und optischer Mikroskopie bestätigen die charakteristischen Formen der verschiedenen Defekte. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2018 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 07.05.2018 KW - Röntgen-Refraktion KW - Additive Fertigung KW - Porosität PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44953 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Bernd R. T1 - Röntgenrefraktionstechnik - Charakterisierung von Keramiken und Verbundwerkstoffen N2 - Die Brechung von Röntgenstrahlen (Röntgenrefraktion) an Grenzflächen zwischen Materialien unterschiedlicher Dichte ist analog zur Ablenkung von sichtbarem Licht an z.B. Glasoberflächen. Es gibt jedoch zwei wesentliche Unterschiede: a) konvexe Grenzflächen verursachen Divergenz (d.h. der Brechungsindex n ist kleiner als 1), und b) die Ablenkungswinkel sind sehr klein, und reichen von einigen Bogensekunden bis zu einigen Bogenminuten (d.h. n ist nahe bei 1); Wie auch bei sichtbarem Licht ist die Ablenkungsrichtung der Röntgenstrahlen abhängig von der Orientierung der durchstrahlten Grenzfläche. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften eignen sich Röntgenrefraktionsmethoden hervorragend für: a) die Erkennung und Quantifizierung von Defekten wie Poren und Mikrorissen und b) die Bewertung von Porosität und Partikeleigenschaften wie Orientierung, Größe und räumliche Verteilung. Wir zeigen die Anwendung der Röntgenrefraktionsradiographie (2,5D Technik) und der -tomographie (3D Technik) für die Untersuchung verschiedener Probleme in der Werkstoffwissenschaft und -technologie: a) Sintern von SiC-Grünkörpern b) Porositätsanalyse in Dieselpartikelfiltersilikaten c) Faser-Matrix-Haftung in Metall- und Polymermatrixverbundwerkstoffen d) Mikrorissbildung in Glaskeramik. Wir zeigen, dass der Einsatz von Röntgenrefraktionsmethoden quantitative Ergebnisse liefert, die direkt als Parameter in Werkstoffmodellen verwendet werden können. T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2023 CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany DA - 15.05.2023 KW - Röntgen-Refraktion KW - Verbundwerkstoffe KW - Keramik PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57615 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana T1 - 3D Shape Analysis of Powder for Laser Beam Melting by Synchrotron X-ray CT N2 - The quality of components made by laser beam melting (LBM) additive manufacturing is naturally influenced by the quality of the powder bed. A packing density < 1 and porosity inside the powder particles lead to intrinsic voids in the powder bed. Since the packing density is determined by the particle size and shape distribution, the determination of these properties is of significant interest to assess the printing process. In this work, the size and shape distribution, the amount of particle’s intrinsic porosity as well as the packing density of micrometric powder used for LBM have been investigated by means of synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (CT). Two different powder batches were investigated: Ti-6Al-4V produced by plasma atomization and Stainless Steel 316L produced by gas atomization. Plasma atomization particles were observed to be more spherical in terms of the mean anisotropy compared to particles produced by gas atomization. The two kinds of particles are comparable in size according to the equivalent diameter. The packing density is lower (i.e. the powder bed contains more voids in between particles) for the Ti-6Al-4V particles. The comparison of the tomographic results with laser diffraction, as another particle size measurements techniques, proved agreement. T2 - User Meeting HZB 2018 CY - Berlin, BESSY II DA - 06.12.2018 KW - BAMline KW - Computed tomography KW - Laser beam melting KW - Powder PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46933 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dayani, Shahabeddin T1 - Quantification of Deep Discharge Mechanism in a Li-Ion Battery by operando X-ray Computed Tomography N2 - Lithium-ion batteries connected in series are prone to an electrical abuse called over discharge. We present a comprehensive investigation of the over discharge abuse mechanism in lithium-ion batteries using operando non-destructive imaging. The study focuses on understanding the behavior of copper dissolution and deposition during over discharge, which can lead to irreversible capacity loss and internal short circuits. By utilizing synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT), the concentration of dissolved and deposited copper per surface area is quantified as a function of depth of discharge (DoD). T2 - HZB user meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.06.2023 KW - Non-destructive testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57793 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Markötter, Henning T1 - Synchrotron X-Ray Tomography Techniques at BAMline N2 - A recent upgrade of key equipment of the BAMline widens its imaging capabilities: shorter scan acquisition times are now possible, in situ and operando studies can now be routinely performed, and different energy spectra can easily be set up. In fact, the upgraded double-multilayer monochromator brings full flexibility by yielding different energy spectra to optimize flux and energy resolution as desired. T2 - HZB User Meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 08.12.2022 KW - BAMline KW - X-ray imaging KW - Tomography PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56568 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mieller, Björn T1 - Schwindungsmessung an keramischen Folien N2 - Zur Messung der Sinterschwindung keramischer Folien und daraus aufgebauter Bauteile wurden an der BAM zwei Verfahren entwickelt. Beide Verfahren erlauben die Messung von Prüfkörpern mit praxisrelevanten Abmessung (200 mm x 200 mm) bzw. Realbauteilen bis 1000 °C. Die Hochtemperatur-Laserprofilometrie ist ein berührungsloses Verfahren und eignet sich besonders zur Bewertung der Schwindungsanisotropie und zur in-situ Charakterisierung von Verwölbung. Die Sinterpresse mit in-situ Dickenmessung ist sehr gut geeignet, um Schwindungsverhalten im Drucksinterprozess unter verschiedenen Atmosphären zu untersuchen. Der Aufbau beider Messsysteme wird erläutert und Anwendungsbeispiele mit wissenschaftlichem Hintergrund und direktem Industriebezug werden vorgestellt. T2 - 3. Sitzung des DKG- Fachausschuss 6 "Material- und Prozessdiagnostik" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.11.2017 KW - Dilatometrie KW - Multilayer PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43187 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Arlt, Tobias T1 - Tomografische Methoden für die Brennstoffzellenforschung T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2011 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 2011-05-30 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24118 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Analysis of damage processes in concrete - What can CT do? N2 - In this talk the basics of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) are presented, together with a description of complementary techniques such as Laminography and Stereoradiography. A overview of the common reconstruction approach and of the artifacts that can occur during reconstruction or acquisition of XCT images is also given. Finally, application examples in the field of construction materials are given, whereby several experimental techniques (Region of Interest Approach) and data analysis methods (e.g. Digital volume correlation) are explained. Such techniques and algorithms are used to extract quantitative information from ex- and in-situ experiments. T2 - Seminar DFG GRK 2250/1 Summer School CY - Online meeting DA - 21.06.2021 KW - Asphalt, porosity KW - Concrete KW - 3D rendering KW - Crack segmentation KW - Water uptake PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Absorption and refraction tomography: Characterization and Non-destructive Testing of Micro-structured Materials N2 - The combination of tomographic, microstructural data with other experimental techniques and with modeling is paramount, if we want to extract the maximum amount of information on material and component properties. In particular, quantitative image analysis, statistical approaches, direct discretization of tomographic reconstructions represent concrete possibilities to extend the power of the tomographic 3D representation to insights into the material and component performance. This logic thread equally holds for industrial and academic research, and valorizes expensive experiments such as those carried out at synchrotron sources, which cannot be daily repeated. I will show a few examples of possible use of X-ray tomographic data for quantitative assessment of damage evolution and microstructural properties, as well as for non-destructive testing. Examples of micro-structured inhomogeneous materials will be given, such as Composites, Ceramics, Concrete, and Additively manufactured parts. I will also show how X-ray refraction computed tomography (CT) can be highly complementary to classic absorption CT, being sensitive to internal interfaces. Additionally, I will present a new technique in our portfolio, Neutron Diffraction, which is extremely well suited to the study of internal stresses, both residual and under external load. T2 - Seminare der EMPA CY - EMPA, Dubenddorf, Switzerland DA - 10.10.2017 KW - Computed Tomography KW - X-ray Refraction KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Image Analysis PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Arlt, Tobias T1 - Tomographic methods for investigation of fuel cell materials T2 - HZB User Meeting 2011 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-11-30 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25077 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evans, Alexander T1 - Ageing in additively manufactured metallic components: from powder to mechanical failure” an overview of the project agil N2 - An overview of the BAM funed Focus Area Materials Project "AGIL" will be presented. AGIL focussed on the stdiy of the ageing characteristics of additively manufactured austenitic stainless steel with a "powder to mechanical failure" Approach. Recent Highlights are presented and a perspective for future studies. T2 - Workshop on Additive Manufacturing CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - Residual stress KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Microstructure characterisation KW - Tensile testing KW - Fatigue KW - Crystal Plasticity Modelling KW - Crack propagation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49823 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cabeza, Sandra T1 - Residual stress fields in AM Ni-718 in as built and after release from baseplate N2 - The residual stress distribution of IN718 parts produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technique was studied by means of neutron diffraction. Two deposition hatching lengths were considered in the fabrication. Both lateral (building direction) and top (finishing) near-surface regions were characterized. Measurements on samples in as-built condition and after release from the plate proved the presence of stress gradients both in-plane and along the building direction. As-built samples presented in top region a longitudinal stress relief for large hatching, whereas small one showed tensile stresses around (200MPa) in the middle, evolving towards compression at the tip of the sample (down to -300MPa). Towards the lateral edge, longitudinal stresses shifted also to compression. The transverse stresses for large hatching were relief in the middle, whereas for small hatching shifted to compression at the edge. As for the normal component, this was more homogenous: stress-relief was proved for large hatching and, in contrast, was in compression (-200MPa) for small hatching. In the building direction (lateral region from base plate to top) of the sample with large hatching all stress components showed tensile values near the base plate (particularly high for normal component around 300MPa), decreasing towards compression to the top, where they were almost released. After release, in the top region, the longitudinal stress component for small hatching showed high compressive stresses in the central part (down to -250MPa). In contrast, for large hatching a stress relief was found. In the transversal direction, this behavior was inverted: a small hatching released stresses more effectively, while a large hatching presented high tensile stresses (around 200MPa). As for the normal component (i.e., building direction), the sample with small hatching was found in compression, while that with large hatching was stress-released or slightly in tension (around 100MPa). In the lateral surface region, all components showed similar behavior: a small hatching promoted high compressive stresses along the building direction, whereas a large hatching showed small tensile values at the bottom, which balance towards the top region. There is an overall shift of stresses in 3 directions towards tension when compared with as-built condition for top region. In contrast, the lateral region is stress-relief or shifted towards compression after cutting from baseplate. In conclusion, hatching length parameter strongly influenced the 3D distribution of residual stress in SLM produced parts. T2 - MECA SENS 2017 CY - Skukuza, South Africa DA - 19.09.2017 KW - Residual stress KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Selective laser melting KW - Neutron diffraction PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42033 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thiel, Erik T1 - AM activities at BAM with focus on process monitoring N2 - The presentation gives an overview of current projects in additive manufacturing at BAM. In particular, the results of the ProMoAm project were presented. T2 - VAMAS - Materials Issues in Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.06.2018 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Laser Metal Deposition KW - Thermography KW - Data Fusion KW - In-situ monitoring PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45620 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Widjaja, Martinus Putra T1 - Accumulation of fibre breaks in racetrack specimens and type IV pressure vessels N2 - The reduced volume method has been studied using the fibre break model from Mines ParisTech. This method allows less 3D finite elements to be used for predicting the failure of real scale composite structures. A favourable comparison results with racetrack specimens has been achieved. However, the comparison study with a type IV pressure vessels still requires more Evaluation. T2 - Consortium Meeting FiBreMoD CY - Toyota Motor Europe, Belgium DA - 27.03.2019 KW - Reduced volume method KW - Integral range KW - Multiscale model KW - Fibre break KW - Composite pressure vessels KW - Racetrack specimens PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48571 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evans, Alexander T1 - Residual stresses Analysis in Additively Manufactured alloys using neutron diffraction (L-PBF) N2 - An overview of recent progress at BAM of residual stress analysis in additively manufactured, in particular Laser Powder Bed Fusion of metallics materials, using neutron diffraction will be presented. This will cover important topics of the stress-free reference, the diffraction elastic moduli and principal stress determination. T2 - AWT-Fachausschuss 13 "Eigenspannungen" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.03.2023 KW - AGIL KW - Residual stress KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion KW - Diffraction PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59177 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - The combined use of X-ray refraction and trans-mission radiography and computed tomography N2 - Alternative to conventional transmission-based radiography and computed tomography, X-ray refraction techniques are being increasingly used to detect damage in light materials. In fact, their range of application has been recently extended even to metals. The big advantage of X-ray refraction techniques is that they are able to detect nanometric defects, whose size would lie below the resolution of even state-of-the-art synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography (SXCT). The superiority of synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography and tomography (SXRR and SXRCT) has been shown in the case of light materials, in particular composites. X-ray refraction techniques also yield a quantitifaction of the amount of damage (the so-called relative internal specific surface) and can well be compared with damage models. At the same time, it is impossible for SXRR and SXRCT to image single defects. We show that the combination of refraction- and transmission-based imaging techniques yields an impressive amount of additional information about the type and amount of defects in microstructured materials such as additively manufactured metals or metal matrix composites. We also show that the use of data fusion techniques allows the classification of defects in statistically significant representative volume elements. T2 - 11th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography CY - Online meeting DA - 08.02.2022 KW - X-ray refraction radiography KW - Computed Tomography KW - Synchrotron radiation KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Damage evolution PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54327 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Sophie T1 - Optimization of Solid-State-Reactions of Calcium Cobaltite Ca3Co4O9 N2 - Calcium cobaltite is a promising p-type oxide thermoelectric material for high temperature applications due to its high figure of merit between 600 °C and 900 °C in air. The solid-state-reaction is well known for large scale powder synthesis of functional materials. As a high temperature process, the powder synthesis consumes a lot of energy. In different studies, different synthesis conditions were used for the preparation of calcium cobaltite powder. This study showed that a higher energy input (elevated temperatures, longer dwell times, or repeated calcinations) during powder synthesis does not increase but decrease the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity. The same correlation was determined for the densification. As a higher energy input leads to a larger grain size and therefore to a reduced sinter activity, it can be concluded that the thermoelectric properties are correlated with the sinter activity of the powder. These results can be used to minimize the energy demand for the powder synthesis of Ca₃Co₄ O₉. T2 - 14th European Conference on Thermoelectrics CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Thermoelectrics KW - Solid-State-Reaction KW - Calcium cobaltite PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37543 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mieller, Björn T1 - Surface Characteristics of LTCC-.Substrates Fabricated by Pressure-Assisted Sintering T2 - IMAPS/ACerS 9th Int. Conf. and Exhib. on Ceramic Interconnect and Ceramic Microsystems Technolgies (CICMT 2013) CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 2013-04-23 PY - 2013 N1 - Geburtsname von Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. - Birth name of Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. AN - OPUS4-28292 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Bernd R. T1 - Röntgen-Refraktions-Technik für eine schnelle, hochauflösende Mikrostrukturcharakterisierung von Leichtbaukompositen T2 - Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde 2015 CY - Wien, Austria DA - 2015-07-01 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33684 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evans, Alexander T1 - Diffraction based residual stress analysis: challenges and opportunities in additive manufacturing N2 - This presentation overviews the challanges and opportunities of diffraction based residual stress analysis for additively manufactured metals. Through examples, the challanges and respective solutions are presented and the opportunities that the presented methods allow are described. T2 - Workshop on Advanced Manufacturing (WAM) 2025 CY - Grenoble, France DA - 03.06.2025 KW - Residual stress KW - Diffraction KW - AGIL KW - Laser powder bed fusion KW - MANUFACT PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64137 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Jakob T1 - Peculiarities of the determination of residual stress in additively manufactured materials N2 - The determination of residual stress in additively manufactured materials is a challenge, even after decades from the establishment of the basics of residual stress analysis. This is due to the peculiar microstructure of such materials. In fact, researchers have discovered that conventional methods for the determination of RS in materials do not properly work for AM materials. In this tutorial, the basics of RS analysis will be explained, together with the basics of AM manufacturing techniques. The microstructure of the peculiar materials (AM) dealt with here will be elucidated. Successively, the necessary modifications to the conventional approaches to RS analysis will be explained and case studies will be displayed, for the attendant to touch with hands the peculiarities of the approaches. Finally, a few experimental and theoretical tips will be given on dos and don’ts for a correct determination of RS in AM materials. T2 - 11th European Conference on Residual Stresses CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 03.06.2024 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion KW - Residual Stress KW - Diffraction PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60428 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - 3D imaging and residual stress analysis of AM Materials N2 - In this seminar, the capabilities for materials characterization at Division 8.5, BAM will be shon. Particular focus will be given to residual stress analysis and defect imaging in additively manufactured materials and components T2 - Skoltech - The 3rd International Workshop of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies CY - Online meeting DA - 18.04.2023 KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - X-ray diffraction KW - X-ray Computed Tomography KW - X-ray refraction radiography KW - Residual stress KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57360 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shashev, Yuri T1 - Optimizing the performance of phase gratings for better visibility in Talbot- Lau interferometry N2 - We investigated the efficiency of phase gratings, i.e., the visibility upon variation of different parameters. Rotating around an axis parallel to the grid lines of the phase grating changes the grating’s shape and thereby the initial distribution of phase shifts. This yields high visibilities for shorter propagation distances than derived from box shapes. Tilting the grating in the scattering plane allows continuous tuning of the grating’s height that corresponds to an ideal phase shift for a particular photon energy. This opens the way for tuning the design energy suitable for the material under investigation. Our study included simulations for monochromatic sources with the sampling procedure. T2 - PhD Day 2015 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.7.2015 KW - Talbot-Lau interferometry PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-38325 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Jakob T1 - The heat treatment of L-PBF Inconel 718: A manyfold problem N2 - The interest to additively manufacture Nickel-based superalloys has substantially grown within the past decade both academically and industrially. More specifically, additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) offer the ability to produce dense parts within a single manufacturing step. In fact, the exceptional freedom in design associated with the layer-based nature of the processes is of particular interest for the complex shapes typically required in turbine applications. In certain cases, the overall part performance can be achieved by tailoring the microstructure and the crystallographic texture to the specific application. However, these advantages must be paid at a price: the large local temperature gradients associated with the rapid melting and solidification produce parts that inherently contain large residual stress in the as-manufactured state. In addition, the presence of pores in the final part may further affect the in-service part failure. As among Nickel-based alloys Inconel 718 exhibits excellent weldability, this alloy has been widely studied in open research in the domain of LPBF. However, significant microsegregation of the heavier alloying elements such as Niobium and Molybdenum accompanied by dislocation entanglements may preclude the application of conventional heat treatment schedules. Therefore, different post processing heat treatments are required for laser powder bed fused Inconel 718 as compared to conventional variants of the same alloy. In this study, we investigated two different heat treatment routes for LPBF Inconel 718. In a first routine, the samples were stress relieved and subsequently subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) followed by a solution heat treatment and a two-step age (referred to as FHT). In a second routine, the samples were subjected to a single-step direct age post stress relieving heat treatment (referred to DA). We investigated the consequences of such heat treatment schedules on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical behavior. We show that by applying a DA heat treatment the typical columnar microstructure possessing a crystallographic texture is retained, while an equiaxed untextured microstructure prevails in case of an FHT heat treatment. We further evaluate how these heat treatments affect the mechanical behaviour on the macroscopic and microscopic scale. T2 - 4th European Symposium on Superalloys and their Applications EuroSuperalloys 2022 CY - Bamberg, Germany DA - 18.09.2022 KW - Electron Backscatter Diffraction KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion KW - Mechanical Behavior KW - Heat Treatment KW - X-Ray Diffraction PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55811 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian T1 - Heat treatment induced residual stress relaxation in additively manufactured L-PBF 316L stainless steel N2 - Residual stress relaxation as a function of heat treatment strategies in laser based powder bed fused 316l samples. T2 - Eleventh Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.12.2019 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Residual Stress KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - 316L PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49851 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mieller, Björn T1 - Concept and Manufacturing of a Pressure Sensor Based on al LTCC Thin Film Strain Gauge T2 - IMAPS/ACerS 10th Int. Conf. and Exhib. on Ceramic Interconnect and Ceramic Microsystems Technolgies (CICMT 2014) CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 2014-04-14 PY - 2014 N1 - Geburtsname von Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. - Birth name of Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. AN - OPUS4-31324 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Bernd R. T1 - Microstructure characterization of materials using X-ray refraction techniques N2 - X-ray imaging techniques have an enormous potential to understand the microstructure, its evolution, and its link to mechanical, thermal, and transport properties. In this lecture we report the use of a powerful, yet not so wide-spread, set of X-ray techniques based on refraction effects. X-ray refraction allows determining the internal specific surface of materials (surface per unit volume) in a non-destructive fashion, position and orientation sensitive, and with a nanometric detectability. We demonstrate showcases of ceramics and composite materials, where microstructural parameters could be achieved in a way unrivalled even by high-resolution techniques such as electron microscopy or computed tomography. We present in situ analysis of the damage evolution during tensile load and the identification of void formation in parts produced by selective laser melting. T2 - MIMENIMA Summerschool CY - TU-Bremen, Germany DA - 22.8.2018 KW - X-ray refraction KW - Cracks KW - Pores PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45790 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - A paradigm shift in the description of creep in metals can only occur through multi-scale imaging N2 - The description of creep in metals has reached a high level of complexity; fine details are revealed by all sorts of characterization techniques and different theoretical models. However, to date virtually no fully microstructure-driven quantitative description of the phenomenon is available. This has brought to interesting inconsistencies; the classic description of (secondary) creep rests on the so-called power law, which however: a- has a pre-factor spanning over 10 orders of magnitude; b- has different reported exponents for the same material; c- has no explanation for the values of such exponents. Recently, a novel description (the so-called Solid State Transformation Creep (SSTC) Model) has been proposed to tackle the problem under a different light. The model has two remarkable features: 1- it describes creep as the accumulation of elementary strains due to dislocation motion; 2- it predicates that creep is proceeding by the evolution of a fractal arrangement of dislocations. Such description, however, needs a great deal of corroborating evidence, and indeed, is still incomplete. To date, we have been able to observe and somehow quantify the fractal arrangement of microstructures through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), observe the accumulation of dislocations at grain boundaries by EBSD-KAM (Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction-Kernel Angular Misorientation) analysis, quantify the kinetic character (solid state transformation) of experimental creep curves, and estimate the sub-grain size of the fractal microstructure through X-ray refraction techniques. All pieces of the mosaic seem to yield a consistent picture: we seem being on the right path to reconstruct the whole elephant by probing single parts of it. What is still missing is the bond between the various scales of investigation. T2 - Korrelative Materialcharakterisierung 2022 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 13.10.2022 KW - X-ray refraction KW - EBSD KW - Alloys KW - TEM KW - SEM PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56163 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Léonard, Fabien T1 - On nominal-actual comparisons for additive manufacturing applications N2 - Nominal-actual comparisons are routinely performed to compare a manufactured specimen to a reference specimen. X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) has brought a profound change in the way that tolerance verifications are performed in industry, by allowing the inner and outer geometries of an object to be measured, without the need for external access or destructive testing. As a results, CT is increasingly used in additive manufacturing applications, where a nominal-actual comparison performed between the digital model (CAD file), used as an input for the 3D printer, and the CT volume from the printed part, can provide invaluable information as to the accuracy of the printing process. However, the nominal-actual comparison process is somewhat different when applied to additively manufactured specimens by comparison to conventionally manufactured specimens. T2 - 9th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography CY - Padova, Italy DA - 14.02.2019 KW - Computed tomography KW - X-ray computed tomography PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47833 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thiede, Tobias T1 - Der Einfluss der Probenabtrennung von der Bauplatte auf den Eigenspannungszustand in SLM IN718 N2 - Die Schicht-für-Schicht additive Fertigung (AM) in Form des selektiven Laserschmelzens (SLM) bietet einerseits Vorteile bezüglich des Probendesigns, andererseits sind thermische Eigenspannungen (ES) aufgrund des hohen Temperaturgradienten unvermeidbar. Diese Eigenspannungen wurden in zwei SLM-gefertigten Proben aus IN718 zerstörungsfrei mit Neutronenstreuung hinsichtlich der folgenden zwei Einflüsse analysiert: der Einfluss der Hatch-Länge und das Abtrennen des Werkstücks von der Bauplatte. Begleitet wurden die Messungen der Eigenspannungen durch optische Mikroskopie und die taktile Vermessung der Oberfläche. Eine Korrelation zwischen den Eigenspannungen und der Hatch-Länge konnte beobachtet und erklärt werden. T2 - 2. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.11.2017 KW - Additive Fertigung KW - Selektives Laserschmelzen KW - Eigenspannungen KW - Neutronenstreuung KW - IN718 PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42947 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Léonard, Fabien T1 - Metrology for Additively Manufactured Medical Implants: The MetAMMI project N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) offers an effective solution to the medical sector. It enables the production, on demand, of customised implants which match the patient’s anatomy, with grafts that promote bone growth, as well as surgical guides that help the surgeons. The objective of this project is to provide a comprehensive basis to enable the safe use of medical AM products with traceable and reliable dimensionalmeasurements. This will guarantee the reliability of medical AM products to notified bodies and facilitate acceptance of AM in the medical sector for a better quality of life. T2 - BPWT/BAM Workshop " Innovative Materialien und Qualitätskontrolle für additive Fertigung" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.09.2018 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - X-ray computed tomography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45926 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Laquai, René T1 - Distinguishing characteristic defect in additively manufactured Ti-Al6-V4 with synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography N2 - Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (SXRR) is proven to identify different kinds of defects in Ti-Al6-V4 samples produces by selective laser melting. Namely, these defect types are empty pores and unprocessed powder, which are characteristic to the regions above and below the optimal laser energy density, respectively. Furthermore, SXRR detects small defects below the spatial resolution. T2 - BESSY User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.12.2017 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - X-ray refraction KW - Porosity PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43446 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stegemann, Robert T1 - Characterization of Residual Stress State on Intert Gas Welded Joints by Neutron Diffraction at E3 line T2 - 7th joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting CY - Berlin DA - 2015-12-11 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35070 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evans, Alexander T1 - Non destructive characterization in Additive manufacturing N2 - An overview of non destructive characterisation in additively manufactured materials using computed tomography, refraction and diffraction based stress analysis T2 - BAM-IFW workshop CY - IFW Dresden, Germany DA - 28.03.2019 KW - Residual stress analysis KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Computed tomography KW - Diffraction KW - X-ray refraction PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49842 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - An assessment of bulk residual stress in selective laser melted in 718 N2 - Having been introduced almost two decades ago, Additive Manufacturing (AM) of metals has become industrially viable for a large variety of applications, including aerospace, automotive and medicine. Powder bed techniques such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) based on layer-by-layer deposition and laser melt enable numerous degrees of freedom for the geometrical design. Developing during the manufacturing process, residual stresses may limit the application of SLM parts by reducing the load bearing capacity as well as induce unwanted distortion depending on the boundary conditions specified in manufacturing. The residual stress distribution in IN718 elongated prisms produced by SLM was studied non-destructively by means of neutron (bulk) and laboratory X-ray (surface) diffraction. The samples with different scanning strategies, i.e. hatching length, were measured in as-built condition (on a build plate) and after removal from the build plate. While surface stress fields seem constant for AB condition, X-ray diffraction shows stress gradients along the hatch direction in the RE condition. The stress profiles correlate with the distortion maps obtained by tactile probe measurements. Neutron diffraction shows bulk stress gradients for all principal components along the main sample directions. We correlate the observed stress patterns with the hatch length, i.e. with its effect on temperature gradients and heat flow. The bulk stress gradients partially disappear after removal from the baseplate. Together with surface scan utilizing a coordinate-measuring machine (CMM), it is possible to link the stress release to the sample distortion. We finally propose an explanation of those stress profiles based on the deposition strategy. T2 - ECRS10 CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Residual stress KW - Influence of rheology modifying admixtures on hydration of cementitious suspensions PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Cabeza, Sandra T1 - Neutron diffraction: the forgotten non-destructive technique for residual stress analysis … and more N2 - 3-D Stress Analysis (Bulk) Stress mapping Thick (and thin) films & Interfaces Bulk high temperature Real time In-situ testing: Large sample environment (Stress rigs, Furnaces, …) Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation allow all this because they are FASTER , DEEPER and MORE PRECISE than lab equipment (Flux)(Energy)(Parallel Beam) T2 - World Non Destructive Testing CY - München, Germany DA - 11.06.2016 KW - Neutron diffraction KW - Stress analysis PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38396 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Jakob T1 - On the influence of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical behavior of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718 N2 - Since additive manufacturing processes typically introduce heterogeneous microstructures and residual stresses, the applicability of parts produced in an as-built state is limited. Therefore, often different post-processing treatments are necessary to obtain the desired stress state and properties. For additively manufactured Inconel 718, the recently developed standard ASTM F3301 provides guidance for the heat treatment of powder bed fusion specimens. Although this standard is based on standards developed for wrought Inconel 718, it does not include the direct aging variant. In this study, we characterized the microstructure and tensile behavior of Inconel 718 specimens produced by a laser powder bed fusion process. The specimens were heat-treated according to two different routines after stress relieving: a full heat treatment cycle versus a one-step aging process. Differences in the resulting texture and grain morphology were observed. Although these differences prevail, the ex-situ tensile behavior was broadly similar. Minor differences were observed in yield strength and work hardening rate for the direct aged specimen. In order to understand this behavior, investigations with in-situ tensile testing during synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements revealed differences in the load partitioning among different crystal directions. This was attributed to microstructural differences between the heat treatment variants. Further analysis emphasized that the various strengthening mechanisms are present to a different extent depending on the heat-treatment cycle applied. In addition, the elastic anisotropy expressed by the differences in the diffraction elastic constants displayed a dependence on the microstructure. Importantly, a precise knowledge of such constants is indispensable to reliably determine residual stresses in parts. T2 - EUROMAT 2021 - European Congress and Exhibition on Advanced Materials and Processes CY - Online meeting DA - 13.09.2021 KW - Electron microscopy KW - X-ray analysis KW - Inconel 718 KW - Additive manufacturing (AM) KW - Mechanical behavior KW - Diffraction elastic constants (DECs) PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53301 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stegemann, Robert T1 - Evaluation magneto-mechanischer Effekte in hochauflösenden Magnetfeldmessungen durch Neutronendiffraktion N2 - Die mechanische Spannung ist ein maßgeblicher Parameter ferromagnetischer Materialien. Wird ein solches Material unter die Curie Temperatur abgekühlt, zerfällt es spontan in nahezu selbstgesättigte magnetische Domänen. Diese Magnetisierung führt gleichzeitig zu einer Verformung der mit ihr gekoppelten Kristallgitter. Ein Effekt der auch reziprok gilt: wird die Gitterverformung durch eine Spannung behindert ändert sich zwangsweise der magnetische Zustand. Man kann annehmen, dass zwischen unterschiedlichen, für sich aber homogen verspannten Werkstoffbereichen, lokale magnetische Streufelder auftreten, weil magneto-mechanische Effekte eine Inkompatibilität der Domänenstruktur induzieren. Bekanntlich bilden sich Spannungsgradienten nach Schweißprozessen durch ungleichmäßigen Wärmeeintrag, thermischer Dehnung, und unterschiedlichen Abkühlraten aus. Unter dieser Prämisse untersuchen wir Wolfram-Inertgas geschweißte Blindnahtproben (250x100x4,8 mm^3) aus einem hypereutektoiden Baustahl. Der Spannungszustand der Proben wurde anhand von Neutronendiffraktometrie (ND) am Instrument E3 am Reaktor BERII (Helmholzzentrum Berlin, HZB) charakterisiert. ND ist ein Referenzverfahren für die quantitative Bestimmung von elastischen Dehnungen in kristallinen Materialien, deren Gitter selbst der Messmaßstab ist. Die Auswertung zeigt hohe Längsspannungen mit lokalen Maxima in Größenordnung von 600 MPa, die von umgebenen Druckspannungszonen kompensiert werden. Zur Detektion der magnetischen Kleinststreufelder verwenden wir speziell designte GMR-Sensorik (GMR - Giant Magneto Resistance), die aufgrund der geringen Größe ihrer aktiven Sensorelemente hohe Ortsauflösung mit Sensitivität vereint. Die Visualisierung der Messergebnisse lässt eine klare magnetische Mikrostruktur der Schweißnähte erkennen, in der die Streufelder lateral in Größenordnung des Erdmagnetfeldes variieren (~50 µT). Wir zeigen durch einen Vergleich beider Messverfahren, dass lokale magnetische Streufeldmaxima in hohem Maße mit den Spannungsgradienten übereinstimmen. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 22.05.2017 KW - GMR-Sensorik KW - Neutronendiffratkion KW - Eigenspannungen KW - Baustahl PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40386 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hejazi, Bardia A1 - Fritsch, Tobias A1 - Benz, Christopher A1 - Radtke, Lars A1 - Sander, Manuela A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - In-situ very high cycle fatigue experiments of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V using X-ray computed tomography N2 - X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is an invaluable method for evaluating the properties and performance of components both during service and after failure in a non-destructive manner. XCT is particularly useful for the investigation of additively manufactured (AM) components, which often have production defects that are inherent to the manufacturing process, such as lack of fusion defects. Understanding the mechanisms of fatigue crack growth throughout the life cycle of such components is crucial and so to address this need, we designed and performed experiments to investigate the fatigue life and fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V components under very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) testing. The titanium samples were additively manufactured with intentional internal defects to control crack initiation location. XCT of the component was carried out to identify crack initiation sites and characterize the dynamics of crack growth. The findings from this work will benefit industries that rely on the AM of titanium alloys, aiding in the improvement of component design and manufacturing processes. T2 - Alloys for additive manufacturing 2025 (AAMS 2025) CY - Neuchâtel, Switzerland DA - 02.09.2025 KW - X-ray computed tomography KW - Deep learning KW - Titanium alloy KW - Very high-cycle fatigue PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15261296 AN - OPUS4-64096 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - In-Situ Compression CT on Additively Manufactured in 625 Lattice Structures N2 - The porosity and the surface roughness are recently discussed problems for SLM parts. The influence of SLM process parameters on porosity is well studied for different materials. Nevertheless, the build angle (i.e. the angle between part orientation and build plate) needs to be understood as an additional SLM process parameter, as it has been shown, that the microstructure and hence the mechanical performance of various materials depend on the build angle. The inherent build angle of each strut as a part of a lattice structure is the motivation to investigate the influence of the build angle on the porosity and roughness on round-shaped (1 mm diameter) struts by means of CT. Conventional Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) has the limitation towards small and round shaped samples. The need for Computed Tomography (CT) regarding investigations of SLM parts will increase because no other non-destructive technique allows the assessment of complex geometries with inner laying surfaces. We used CT to assess the pores and the strut surface. Seven struts out of the nickel alloy Inconel 625 with build angles from 30° to 90° were studied. It was found that the number of pores is smaller, and the size of pores is larger for the 90° strut. In case of 30° strut, the number of pores is increased towards down-skin side, additionally, this strut orientation showed to have the largest number of attached powder particles. The elongated pores exist exclusively near the strut surface. While the roughness at the down-skin surface is highly depending of the biud angle, the roughness at the up-skin surface is the same for all struts. The mechanisms of pore and surface roughness formation is not mainly driven by gravity. T2 - ISAM Konferenz 2019 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 29.01.2019 KW - Computed Tomography KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Metals KW - Microstructure PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47327 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kupsch, Andreas T1 - Optimizing visibility of phase gratings for Talbot-Lau X-ray imaging N2 - We investigated the efficiency of phase gratings, i.e., the visibility upon variation of different parameters. Rotating around an axis parallel to the grid lines of the phase grating changes the grating’s shape and thereby the initial distribution of phase shifts. This yields high visibilities for shorter propagation distances than derived from box shapes. Tilting the grating in the scattering plane allows continuous tuning of the grating’s height that corresponds to an ideal phase shift for a particular photon energy. This opens the way for tuning the design energy suitable for the material under investigation. Our study included simulations for monochromatic sources with the sampling procedure for rectangular and triangular phase gratings. T2 - User-Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 8.12.2016 KW - Talbot-Lau interferomerty KW - Phase grating KW - Synchrotron radiation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-39096 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Riedel, Jens T1 - Acoustic Ion Manipulation: Electric-field-free Approach to Gate, Focus, and Separate Ions at Atmospheric Pressure N2 - Approaches to control the motion and direction of ionized particles and mole-cules are an essential aspect of ion-based spectrometries, such as mass spec-trometry (MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). A wide variety of ion optics exist to reflect, focus, separate, gate, and filter ions based on physical proper-ties. Notably all rely on electric and magnetic fields to alter the trajectory of ionized atoms and molecules. While these optics are quite efficient at low pressures due to the large mean free path, diffusion and electrostatic repulsion between ions dominate at higher pressures. Conventional ion optics, that use electric or magnetic fields, can guide ions at atmospheric pressure (AP), but require high field strengths to overcome the dominating aerodynamic effects. Here, we describe a remarkable phenomenon whereby low-power acoustic fields are used to move, shape, gate, and separate beams of gaseous ions at atmospheric pressure. We refer to this approach as Acoustic Ion Manipulation (AIM). Gaseous ions at AP are directed towards and separated by the presence of the acoustic field. To better understand the phenomenon, an ion-detector array provided a measure of bulk ion movement, while mass spectrometry (MS) offered chemical-specific information. As one example of an AIM setup, a standing acoustic wave was formed with two ultrasonic speakers and placed between an ionization source and ion detector. Ion beams preferentially travel through regions of stable pressure gradients (i.e. nodes) and deflect from un-stable regions (i.e. antinodes). Shadowgraphy revealed that the ions are sepa-rated from a neutral gas stream. Specific examples of ion focusing, gating, and separation (based on ion size) will be shown. In addition, experimental findings will be used to postulate a theory to develop a better understand of the behav-ior of gas-phase ions in acoustic fields. This discovery could have profound im-pacts in IMS/MS instrumentation as well as materials processing and charac-terization. T2 - 56. Jahrestagung der DGMS CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 04.03.2025 KW - Acoustic Ion Manipulation KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Ultrasound PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64208 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -